annotate HACKING @ 13022:228b1f95e5b4

[gaim-migrate @ 15375] Here's my "I'm staying up all night anyway so I might as well take a stab at the connection error buttons" work on the connection error buttons. I left Mark's comment in since I don't think this is finished. I also left a couple warnings in place because I'm too tired to try to follow failure characteristics and recovery mechanisms for the stuff I'm doing. It works for me. I saturated the prpl icons mostly because it made the error overlay stand out better, but once I saw it I think it works well, and also fits well with our use of saturation in other places to indicate offline. I'm currently using the default status image blocked.png, if that's what we end up wanting to keep we should put a copy of it somewhere else as pulling it from status/default is silly. I had originally tried to get the blocked circle to be larger than the prpl icon, with the prpl icon centered, but couldn't come up with a good way to do that given the gdk functions I had at hand. I'll probably give it a shot again at some other point unless we decide we don't want it or someone else does it before me. I'm done rambling now, I'm tired. committer: Tailor Script <tailor@pidgin.im>
author Etan Reisner <pidgin@unreliablesource.net>
date Mon, 23 Jan 2006 15:15:01 +0000
parents 9f793948154a
children c4a5d8950d8c d88f0f320c9b
Ignore whitespace changes - Everywhere: Within whitespace: At end of lines:
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1 Lots of this is pretty grossly out of date...
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Mark Doliner <mark@kingant.net>
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2 Some of it might still be useful. For coding style, your
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3 best bet is to browse through some of the files in src and
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4 emulate what you see there.
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5 --Mark
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6
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7
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Mark Doliner <mark@kingant.net>
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8 The majority of the below was written by Eric Warmenhoven way back in
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9 antiquity. I have taken the liberty of attempting to PARTIALLY update
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10 it. I still think its helpful, but use it at your own risk.
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11 --Luke
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12
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13
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14 A lot of people have tried to hack gaim, but haven't been able to because
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15 the code is just so horrid. Well, the code isn't getting better anytime
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16 soon (I hate GNU indent), so to help all you would-be hackers help out
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17 gaim, here's a brief tutorial on how gaim works. I'll quickly describe
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18 the logical flow of things, then what you'll find in each of the source
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19 files. As an added bonus, I'll try and describe as best I can how multiple
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20 connections and multiple protocols work. Depending on how much I want to
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21 avoid my final tomorrow I may even describe other parts of gaim that I
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22 particularly want to brag about. Hopefully that's enough to get most of
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23 you going.
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24
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25 If you don't know how event-driven programs work, stop right now. Gaim
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26 uses GTK+'s main loop (actually GLib's but I won't talk about how GTK
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27 works) and uses GLib functions for timeouts and socket notification. If
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28 you don't know GTK+ you should go learn that first.
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29
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30 If you're going to hack gaim, PLEASE, PLEASE PLEASE PLEASE send patches
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31 against the absolute latest CVS. I get really annoyed when I get patches
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32 against the last released version, especially since I don't usually have
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33 a copy of it on my computer, and gaim tends to change a lot between
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34 versions. (I sometimes get annoyed when they're against CVS from 3 days
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35 ago, but can't complain because it's usually my fault that I haven't
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36 looked at the patch yet.) To get gaim from CVS (if you haven't already),
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37 run the following commands:
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38
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39 $ export CVSROOT=:pserver:anonymous@cvs.sourceforge.net:/cvsroot/gaim
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40 $ cvs login (hit enter as the password)
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41 $ cvs co gaim (you'll see it getting all of the files)
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42 $ cd gaim
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43 $ ./autogen.sh
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44
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45 You'll now have your normal gaim tree with ./configure and all (which
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46 ./autogen.sh takes the liberty of running for you). (If you want to make
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47 your life really simple, learn how CVS works. CVS is your friend.) To make
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48 a patch, just edit the files right there in that tree (don't bother with
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49 two trees, or even two copies of the same file). Then when you're ready to
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50 make your patch, simply run 'cvs diff -u >my.patch' and post it on
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51 sf.net/projects/gaim in the patches section.
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52
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53 Some Documentation is available on the Gaim api if you run the command
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54 $make docs
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55 after running ./configure (or ./autogen.sh). You will need doxygen and
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56 graphiz dot to generate these docs.
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57
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58 CODING STYLE
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59 ============
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60
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61 Coding styles are like assholes, everyone has one and no one likes anyone
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62 elses. This is mine and if you want me to accept a patch from you without
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63 getting annoyed you'll follow this coding style. :)
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64
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65 It would probably just be easier for me to include CodingStyle from the
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66 linux kernel source.
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67
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68 Tab indents. I *HATE* 2-space indents, and I strongly dislike 8-space
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69 indents. Use a tab character. I'm likely to refuse a patch if it has
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70 2-space indents.
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71
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72 K&R style for braces. Braces always go on the same line as the if, etc.
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73 that they're associated with; the only exception is functions. Braces
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74 for else statements should have both braces on the same line as the else
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75 (i.e. "} else {").
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76
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77 No functionOrVariableNamesLikeThis. Save it for Java. Underscores are your
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78 friend. "tmp" is an excellent variable name. Hungarian style will not be
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79 tolerated. Go back to Microsoft.
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80
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81 I have a 105-char wide Eterm. Deal with it.
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82
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83 NO goto. I'm very likely to refuse a patch if it makes use of goto. If you
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84 feel the need to use goto, you need to rethink your design and flow.
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85
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86
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87 PROGRAM FLOW (just about every function name from here on down is wrong.
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88 ============ but many of the ideas still apply under different names.)
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89
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90 Before gaim does anything you can see, it initializes itself, which is
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91 mostly just reading ~/.gaim/*.xml (handled by the functions in prefs.[ch])
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92 and parsing command-line options. It then draws the login window by
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93 calling show_login, and waits for input.
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94
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95 At the login window, when "Accounts" is clicked, account_editor() is
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96 called. This then displays all of the users and various information
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97 about them. (Don't ask about what happens when "Sign On" is called. It's
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98 quite hackish. The only reason the login window is there anymore is to
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99 make it more palatable to people so used to WinAIM that they can't accept
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100 anything else.)
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101
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102 When the "Sign on/off" button is clicked, serv_login is passed the
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103 username and the password for the account. If the password length is
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104 zero (the password field is a character array rather than pointer so it
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105 will not be NULL) then the Signon callback will prompt for the password
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106 before calling serv_login. serv_login then signs in the user using the
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107 appropriate protocol.
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108
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109 After you're signed in, Gaim draws the buddy list by calling
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110 show_buddy_list. Assuming the user has a buddy list (all buddy list
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111 functions are controlled by list.c; when you sign on do_import is called
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112 and that loads the locally saved list), the protocol calls
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113 gaim_prpl_got functions, which set the information in the appropriate
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114 struct buddy and then passes it off to set_buddy.
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115
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116 set_buddy is responsible for a lot of stuff, but most of it is done
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117 implicitly. It's responsible for the sounds (which is just a call to
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118 play_sound), but the biggest thing it does is call new_group_show and
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119 new_buddy_show if necessary. There's only one group_show per group name,
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120 even between connections, and only one buddy_show per group_show per
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121 buddy name, even between connections. (If that's not confusing enough,
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122 wait until I really start describing how the buddy list works.)
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123
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124 New connections happen the exact same way as described above. Each
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125 gaim_account can have one gaim_connection associated with it. gaim_account
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126 and gaim_connection both have a protocol field. This is kind of confusing:
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127 gaim, except for the account editor screen and when the user signs on,
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128 ignores the user's protocl field, and only uses the connection's protocol
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129 field. You can change the connection's protocol field once it's created
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130 and been assigned a PRPL to use to change certain behavior (Oscar does
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131 this because it handles both AIM and ICQ). I'll talk about the
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132 gaim_connection struct more later.
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133
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134 When the user opens a new conversation window, new_conversation is called.
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135 That's easy enough. If there isn't a conversation with the person already
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136 open (checked by calling find_conversation), show_conv is called to
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137 create the new window. All sorts of neat things happen there, but it's
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138 mostly drawing the window. show_conv is the best place to edit the UI.
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139
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140 That's pretty much it for the quick tutorial. I know it wasn't much but
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141 it's enough to get you started. Make sure you know GTK+ before you get too
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142 involved. Most of the back-end stuff is pretty basic; most of gaim is GTK+.
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143
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144
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145 SOURCE FILES (this should probly be utterly removed)
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146 ============
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147
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148 about.c:
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149 Not much to say here, just a few basic functions.
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150
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151 account.[ch]:
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152 This controls the GaimAccount struct, which stores information
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153 on each account a user registers with gaim. Usernames, pass-
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154 words, user info, alias, user specific options, and everything
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155 else controlled from within the account editor (and then some)
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156 are handled via this code.
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157
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158 accountopt.[ch]:
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159 Api and implemenation for account options. I'm not precisely
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160 sure how this meshes with account.[ch]
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161
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162 away.c:
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163 This takes care of most of the away stuff: setting the away message
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164 (do_away_message); coming back (do_im_back); drawing the away window;
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165 etc. Away messages work really oddly due to multiple connections and
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166 multiple protocols; I think there are really only two or three people
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167 who know how it works and I don't think any of us know why it works
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168 that way.
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169
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170 blist.[ch]:
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171 This takes care of the buddy list backend, the blist.xml file,
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172 importing old buddy list files, and related things like
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173 finding buddies and groups. buddies, contacts, and groups
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174 are controlled from these files.
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175
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176 buddy_chat.c:
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177 This takes care of the buddy chat stuff. This used to be a lot bigger
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178 until the chat and IM windows got merged in the code. Now it mostly
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179 just takes care of chat-specific stuff, like ignoring people and
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180 keeping track of who's in the room. This is also where the chat window
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181 is created.
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182
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183 conversation.c:
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184 This is where most of the functions dealing with the IM and chat windows
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185 are hidden. It tries to abstract things as much as possible, but doesn't
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186 do a very good job. This is also where things like "Enter sends" and
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187 "Ctrl-{B/I/U/S}" options get carried out (look for send_callback). The
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188 chat and IM toolbar (with the B/I/U/S buttons) are both built from
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189 the same function, build_conv_toolbar.
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190
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191 core.c:
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192 This is the start of what will become the main() for gaim-core.
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193
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194 gtkdialogs.c:
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195 A massive file with a lot of little utility functions. This is where all
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196 of those little dialog windows are created. Things like the warn dialog
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197 and the add buddy dialog are here. Not all of the dialogs in gaim are in
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198 this file, though. But most of them are. This is also where do_import
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199 is housed, to import buddy lists. (The actual buddy list parsing code
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200 is in util.c for winaim lists and buddy.c for gaim's own lists.)
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201
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202 gtkimhtml.c:
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203 This is gaim's HTML widget. It replaced the old widget, GtkHtml (which
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204 was different than GNOME's GtkHTML). It's self-contained (it doesn't
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205 use any of gaim's code) and is actually a separate project from gaim
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206 (but is maintained by Eric).
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207
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208 idle.c:
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209 This file used to be entirely #if 0'd out of existance. However, thanks
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210 to some very generous people who submitted patches, this takes care of
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211 reporting idle time (imagine that). It's a pretty straight-forward file.
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212 This also takes care of the auto-away stuff.
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213
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214 gtkmain.c:
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215 This is where the main() function is. It takes care of a lot of the
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216 initialization stuff, and showing the buddy list or account editor.
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217
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218 md5.c:
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219 Oscar, Yahoo, and MSN all require md5 hashing, so better to put it in
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220 the core than have the same thing in three different places.
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221
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222 module.c:
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223 This contains all of the plugin code, except for the UI. This is what
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224 actually loads the plugins, makes sure they're valid, has the code for
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225 setting up plugin event handlers, and contains the plugin_event method
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226 that gaim calls on events.
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227
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228 prefs.c:
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229 Read the documentation on this file. This handles the backend
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230 side of prefs.
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231
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232 proxy.c:
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233 Adam (of libfaim glory) got bored one day and rewrote this file, so
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234 now everything actually works. The main function is proxy_connect,
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235 which figures out which proxy you want to use (if you want to use one
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236 at all) and passes off the data to the appropriate function. This file
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237 should be pretty straight-forward.
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238 Except I STRONGLY suspect that time has broken this file.
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239
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240 prpl.c:
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241 This file is what lets gaim dynamically load protocols, sort of. All
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242 of the actual dlopen(), dlsym() stuff is in module.c. But this contains
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243 all of the functions that the protocol plugin needs to call, and manages
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244 all of the protocols. It's a pretty simple file actually.
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245
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246 server.c:
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247 This is where all of the differentiation between the different protocols
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248 is done. Nearly everything that's network related goes through here
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249 at one point or another. This has good things like serv_send_im. Most of
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250 it should be pretty self-explanatory.
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251
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252 sound.c:
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253 The main function in this file is play_sound, which plays one of 8
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254 (maybe 9?) sounds based on preferences. All that the rest of the code
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255 should have to do is call play_sound(BUDDY_ARRIVE), for example, and
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256 this file will take care of determining if a sound should be played
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257 and which file should be played.
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258
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259 util.c:
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260 There's not really a lot of cohesion to this file; it's just a lot of
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261 stuff that happened to be thrown into it for no apparent reason. None
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262 of it is particularly tasty; it's all just utility functions. Just
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263 like the name says.
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264
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265 plugins/ticker/gtkticker.c:
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266 Syd, our resident GTK+ God, wrote a GtkWidget, GtkTicker. This is that
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267 widget. It's cool, and it's tiny. This is actually a really good example
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268 widget for those of you looking to write your own.
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269
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270 plugins/ticker/ticker.c:
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271 Syd is just so cool. I really can't get over it. He let me come
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272 visit him at Netscape one day, and I got to see all of their toys
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273 (don't worry, I'm under an NDA). Anyway, this file is for the buddy
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274 ticker. This is also a damn cool file because it's got all of the
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275 functions that you'd want right up at the top. Someday I want to be
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276 as cool as Syd.
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277
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278 For the PRPLs, the only protocol whose "main" gaim file isn't the same as
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279 the name of the protocol is ICQ; for that it's gaim_icq.c. But ICQ is
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280 deprecated and you should be using Oscar for ICQ anyway.
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281
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282 PLUGINS (read the plugins howto, this is really out of date)
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283 =======
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284
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285 OK, so you want to load a plugin. You go through whatever UI (you
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286 can read all about the UI in plugins.c or whereever). You finally get
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287 to load_plugin, the meat of the plugins stuff (plugins can actually
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288 call load_plugin themselves to load other plugins). load_plugin
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289 is passed the full path to the plugin you want to load
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290 (e.g. /usr/local/lib/gaim/irc.so).
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291
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292 load_plugin does a few things with that filename. The first is to see
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293 if you've already loaded that plugin. If you have, load_plugin unloads
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294 the one that is currently loaded. You might wonder why; it's because
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295 the same plugin can't be loaded twice. If you call g_module_open on a
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296 filename twice, both times it will return the same pointer, and both times
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297 increment the reference count on the GModule * that it returns. This
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298 means you really do have the same plugin twice, which fucks up the
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299 callback system to no end. So it's better that you can only have it
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300 loaded once at any given time.
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301
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302 Now that we're assured that we don't have this particular plugin loaded
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303 yet, we better load it. g_module_open, baby. Much more portable than
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304 dlopen(). In fact, for Linux it actually is the equivalent of dlopen()
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305 (you can read the gmodule source and see for yourself). There's only one
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306 quirk. It always logically ORs the options you pass with RTLD_GLOBAL,
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307 which means that plugins share symbols. I haven't figured out yet if
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308 this means just functions or variables too; but in either case make every
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309 function and variable in your plugin static except for gaim_plugin_*(),
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310 name(), and description(). It's good coding practice anyway.
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311
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312 So, assuming we didn't get NULL back from g_module_open, we then make sure
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313 it's a valid gaim plugin by looking for and calling gaim_plugin_init,
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314 courtesy g_module_symbol (g_module_symbol is actually what's portable
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315 about gmodule as opposed to dl*; some BSD's require '_' prepended to
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316 symbol names and g_module_symbol guarantees we do The Right Thing).
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317
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318 Assuming we've found gaim_plugin_init and it hasn't returned non-NULL
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319 to us, we then add it to our list of plugins and go merrily about our way.
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320
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321 So when do the callbacks happen?! plugin_event, baby, plugin_event. Any
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322 time you want to trigger a plugin event simply call plugin_even with the
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323 parameters to be passed to any event handlers and you're set. plugin_event
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324 then makes sure that any plugins waiting for the event get passed the
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325 arguments properly and passes it on to perl.
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326
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327 Speaking of perl. If you really want to know how this works, you're
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328 better off reading X-Chat's documentation of it, because it's better
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329 than what I could provide.
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330
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331
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332 MULTIPLE CONNECTIONS AND PRPLS
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333 ==============================
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334
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335 OK, let's start with the basics. There are users. Each user is contained
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336 in an gaim_account struct, and kept track of in the gaim_accounts GSList.
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337 Each gaim_account has certain features: a username, a password, and
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338 user_info. It also has certain options, and the protocol it uses to sign
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339 on (kept as an int which is #define'd in prpl.h).
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340
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341 Now then, there are protocols that gaim knows about. Each protocol is
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342 in a prpl struct and kept track of in the protocols GSList. The way the
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343 management of the protocols is, there will only ever be one prpl per
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344 numeric protocol. Each prpl defines a basic set of functions: login,
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345 logout, send_im, etc. The prpl is responsible not only for handling
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346 these functions, but also for calling the appropriate prpl_got functions
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347 It handles each of these on a per-account basis.
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348
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349 So why's it called a PRPL? It stands for PRotocol PLugin. That means
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350 that it's possible to dynamically add new protocols to gaim. However,
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351 all protocols must be implemented the same way: by using a prpl struct
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352 and being loaded, regardless of whether they are static or dynamic.
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353
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354 Here's how struct gaim_connection fits into all of this. At some point
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355 the User (capitalized to indicate a person and not a name) will try to
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356 sign on one of Their users. serv_login is then called for that user. It
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357 searches for the prpl that is assigned to that user, and calls that prpl's
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358 login function, passing it the gaim_account struct that is attempting to
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359 sign on. The prpl is then responsible for seeing that the gaim_connection
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360 is created (by calling new_gaim_connection), and registering it as
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361 being online (by calling account_online and passing it the gaim_account and
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362 gaim_connection structs). At that point, the gaim_account and gaim_connection
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363 structs have pointers to each other, and the gaim_connection struct has
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364 a pointer to the prpl struct that it is using. The gaim_connections are
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365 stored in the connections GSList. The way connection management works is,
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366 there will always only be one gaim_connection per user, and the prpl that
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367 the gaim_connection uses will be constant for the gaim_connection's life.
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368
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369 So at certain points the User is going to want to do certain things,
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370 like send a message. They must send the message on a connection. So the UI
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371 figures out which gaim_connection the User want to send a message on (for
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372 our example), and calls serv_send_im, telling it which gaim_connection to
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373 use, and the necessary information (who to send it to, etc). The serv_
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374 function then calls the handler of the prpl of the connection for that
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375 event (that was way too many prepositions). OK, each prpl has a send_im
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parents: 1099
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376 function. Each connection has a prpl. so you call gc->prpl->send_im and
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377 pass it the connection and all the necessary info. And that's how things
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378 get done.
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379
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380 I hope some of that made sense. Looking back at it it makes absolutely no
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381 sense to me. Thank god I wrote the code; otherwise I'm sure I'd be lost.
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382
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383
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384 WRITING PRPLS
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Eric Warmenhoven <eric@warmenhoven.org>
parents: 2655
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385 =============
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386
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387 Start off with a protocol that you want to implement; make sure it has a
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388 number defined in prpl.h. If it doesn't, talk to Rob or Eric about adding
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389 it. *NEVER* use an unassigned number, not even for testing or personal
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Eric Warmenhoven <eric@warmenhoven.org>
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diff changeset
390 use. It's possible that number will be used later by something else and
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Eric Warmenhoven <eric@warmenhoven.org>
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diff changeset
391 that would cause quite a few head-scratchers.
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392
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Eric Warmenhoven <eric@warmenhoven.org>
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393 Start off with the following boiler plate:
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394
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Eric Warmenhoven <eric@warmenhoven.org>
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395 static struct prpl *my_protocol = NULL;
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396
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Eric Warmenhoven <eric@warmenhoven.org>
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397 void newproto_init(struct prpl *ret) {
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398 ret->protocol = PROTO_NEWPROTO;
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399
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Eric Warmenhoven <eric@warmenhoven.org>
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400 my_protocol = ret;
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Eric Warmenhoven <eric@warmenhoven.org>
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401 }
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402
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Eric Warmenhoven <eric@warmenhoven.org>
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403 #ifndef STATIC
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404
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Eric Warmenhoven <eric@warmenhoven.org>
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405 char *gaim_plugin_init(GModule *handle)
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Eric Warmenhoven <eric@warmenhoven.org>
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406 {
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Eric Warmenhoven <eric@warmenhoven.org>
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407 load_protocol(newproto_init, sizeof(struct prpl));
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Eric Warmenhoven <eric@warmenhoven.org>
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408 return NULL;
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Eric Warmenhoven <eric@warmenhoven.org>
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409 }
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Eric Warmenhoven <eric@warmenhoven.org>
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410
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Eric Warmenhoven <eric@warmenhoven.org>
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411 void gaim_plugin_remove()
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Eric Warmenhoven <eric@warmenhoven.org>
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412 {
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Eric Warmenhoven <eric@warmenhoven.org>
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413 struct prpl *p = find_prpl(PROTO_NEWPROTO);
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Eric Warmenhoven <eric@warmenhoven.org>
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414 if (p == my_protocol)
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Eric Warmenhoven <eric@warmenhoven.org>
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415 unload_protocol(p);
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416 }
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Eric Warmenhoven <eric@warmenhoven.org>
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417
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Eric Warmenhoven <eric@warmenhoven.org>
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418 char *name()
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Eric Warmenhoven <eric@warmenhoven.org>
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419 {
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Eric Warmenhoven <eric@warmenhoven.org>
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420 return "New Protocol";
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421 }
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422
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423 char *description()
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Eric Warmenhoven <eric@warmenhoven.org>
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424 {
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Eric Warmenhoven <eric@warmenhoven.org>
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425 return PRPL_DESC("New Protocol");
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Eric Warmenhoven <eric@warmenhoven.org>
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426 }
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Eric Warmenhoven <eric@warmenhoven.org>
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427
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Eric Warmenhoven <eric@warmenhoven.org>
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428 #endif
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429
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Eric Warmenhoven <eric@warmenhoven.org>
parents: 2655
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430 Replace all NEWPROTO things with your protocol name (e.g. PROTO_OSCAR
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Eric Warmenhoven <eric@warmenhoven.org>
parents: 2655
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431 instead of PROTO_NEWPROTO, oscar_init instead of newproto_init). Then
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Eric Warmenhoven <eric@warmenhoven.org>
parents: 2655
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432 populate your struct prpl; the most important function is actually name(),
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Eric Warmenhoven <eric@warmenhoven.org>
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433 because without it, Gaim will most likely segfault. The second most
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Eric Warmenhoven <eric@warmenhoven.org>
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434 important function is login(). Not all functions need to be implemented.
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Eric Warmenhoven <eric@warmenhoven.org>
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435
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Luke Schierer <lschiere@pidgin.im>
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436 There should be absolutely *ZERO* GTK+ in the PRPLs. PRPLs should *NEVER*
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Eric Warmenhoven <eric@warmenhoven.org>
parents: 2150
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437 say what the UI *looks* like, only what information needs to be there.
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Luke Schierer <lschiere@pidgin.im>
parents: 10320
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438 There's currently an effort to get the GTK+ that is contained in the PRPLs
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Luke Schierer <lschiere@pidgin.im>
parents: 10320
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439 directory out of there. If you submit a patch that adds GTK+ to those
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Eric Warmenhoven <eric@warmenhoven.org>
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440 directories it's very likely to be refused, unless if I'm in a good mood
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Eric Warmenhoven <eric@warmenhoven.org>
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441 and decide to relocate things for you. That's not likely.
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442
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Luke Schierer <lschiere@pidgin.im>
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443 You're probably wondering how you can do certain things without GTK+. Well,
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444 you're just going to have to make do. Rely on the UI, that's why it's
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Eric Warmenhoven <eric@warmenhoven.org>
parents: 2655
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445 there. A PRPL should have absolutely ZERO interaction with the user, it
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Eric Warmenhoven <eric@warmenhoven.org>
parents: 2655
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446 should all be handled by the UI.
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Eric Warmenhoven <eric@warmenhoven.org>
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447
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448 Don't use the _options variables at all. The core should take care of all
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Eric Warmenhoven <eric@warmenhoven.org>
parents: 2655
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449 of that. There are several proto_opt fields that you can use on a per-user
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Eric Warmenhoven <eric@warmenhoven.org>
parents: 2655
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450 basis. Check out existing protocols for more details.