comparison doc/PERL-HOWTO.dox @ 15069:3d6f2568457c

[gaim-migrate @ 17853] Various spelling, grammar, clarity and correctness fixes for the Perl HOWTO. committer: Tailor Script <[e-mail]>

15068:c8228e154e24

/** @page perl-howto Perl Scripting HOWTO

@section Introduction
Gaim Perl Plugins are setup very similarly to their C counterparts.  Most of the API calls are implemented and are divided into pacakges.  There are some significant differences between the Perl and C API.  Much like the C API, the best place to seek guidances is the source located in the plugins/perl/common directory.  The tutorial that follows will be example based and attempt to touch on the salient features of the embedded perl interpreter.  It is also important to note that some of the C API is missing in Gaim's perl API.

It is possible to get Gtk2-Perl to work with Gaim's perl API, however you must not load the module with @c use but with @c require.  If you are uninterested in using Gtk with your perl plugins than this still has bearing on you if you would like to use certain perl modules that are dynamically loaded.  By always using @c require instead of @c use the problem is avoided.

@section first-script Writing your first script

Let us start with a simple example of a Gaim perl plugin.  The following code sample is a complete plugin that can be copied and used as is.

@code
use Gaim;

%PLUGIN_INFO = (

	my $plugin = shift;
	Gaim::Debug::info("testplugin", "plugin_unload() - Test Plugin Unloaded.\n");
}
@endcode

It is necessary to load the libgaim perl package with the line @code use Gaim; @endcode which will make all the libgaim perl API available to the script.  The @c \%PLUGIN_INFO has contains all the information that will be displayed in the Plugin frame of the Preferences dialog.  In addition to information needed to describe the plugin to the user, information about how the plugin is to be handled is present.  The keys @c load and @c unload specify and action to take when the plugin is loaded and when it is unloaded from the Preferences dialog respectively.  There are other key values that may be present in the @c \%PLUGIN_INFO hash that will be covered in the following sections.

The Perl subroutine @c plugin_init is executed when the plugin is probed by the plugin subsystem.  What this means is as soon as Gaim is started, this subroutine is run once, regardless of whether the plugin is loaded or not. The other two subroutines present are those defined by the @c \%PLUGIN_INFO hash and take the plugin handle as an argument.  When the plugin is loaded and subsequently unloaded it will print a message to the debug window using the @c Gaim::Debug::info() Gaim perl API call.

The last step is to save the script with a .pl file extention in your ~/.gaim/plugins directory.  After restarting gaim the plugin "Perl Test Plugin" should now appear under "Tools -> Plugins".  To view the messages make sure you run Gaim from the console with the '-d' flag or open the Debug Window from inside Gaim under "Help".  When you enable the checkbox next the plugin you should see a message appear in the Debug Window (or console) and when you disable the checkbox you should see another message appear.  You have now created the framework that will allow you to create almost any kind of Gaim plugin you can imagine.

@section account-api Account and Account Option Functions

The Account API is in the @c Gaim::Account:: and @c Gaim::Accounts:: packages
and both are nearly identical to their C counterparts @c gaim_account_ and @c
gaim_accounts_.  The Account Option API is in the package @c
Gaim::Account::Option and is identical to its C implementation @c
gaim_account_option.

The Account* APIs allow for scripts to create, remove, and edit accounts of the
type GaimAccount. (Note: Gaim types have no real meaning in perl scripts other
than the types of the arguments of the perl subroutines need to be of the
expected type.)  This section will not go into detail about the @c
Gaim::Account::Option package for its use in building protocol plugins which
are outside the scope of this document.  However, most of the API calls for the
@c Gaim::Account::Option package should function as expected so if there is a
need to access any of the Account Options the function calls necessary are
avaialbe in the Gaim perl API.

To reduce redundant code the following code examples are going to use the
template shown in the previous section.  To highlight some of the more useful
features of the Account API we will be replacing the @c plugin_load perl
subroutine.  For testing purposes we will display output on the command line by
using perl @c print commands.

@code
sub plugin_load {
	$plugin = shift;

		print "Okay.\n";
	} else {
		print "Failed!\n";
	}

	# It follows that to connect a user you mest set the account status to
	# "available" similarly we can disconnect a user by setting the account
	# status to "offline"

	print "Testing: Gaim::Accounts::connect()...pending...\n";

	$account->connect();

}
@endcode

For the most part the code listed above is explained by the comments, however
there are a few other points to make.  The variables above are all specialized
Perl types that contain pointers to the actual Gaim types.  They can be
reasigned at will just like any other variable in Perl.  The only way to edit
the values of a Gaim type from within perl are through accessor methods such as
@c Gaim::Account::get_username().  For arguments that you would make @c NULL in
C should be set to @c undef in Perl.

@section buddylist-api Buddylist, Group and Chat API

The BuddyList, Group and Chat APIs are very similar and whatever is shown for the @c Gaim::BuddyList API should carry over to @c Gaim::BuddyList::Chat and @c Gaim::BuddyList::Group.  Note that there is a @c Gaim::Find package that was created to keep the naming consistent with how these functions are named in the C API.

@code
sub plugin_load {
	my $plugin = shift;

	# To add the buddy we need to have the buddy, contact, group and node for insertion.
	#  For this example we can let contact be undef and set the insertion node as the group
	Gaim::Debug::info("testplugin", "Testing: Gaim::BuddyList::add_buddy...\n");
	Gaim::BuddyList::add_buddy($buddy, undef, $group, $group);

	# The example that follows gives an indiction of how an API call that returns a list is handled.
	#  In this case the buddies of the account found earlier are retrieved and put in an array '@buddy_array'
	#  Further down an accessor method is used, 'get_name()' -- see source for details on the full set of methods
	Gaim::Debug::info("testplugin",  "Testing: Gaim::Find::buddies...\n");
	@buddy_array = Gaim::Find::buddies($account, undef);
	if (@buddy_array) {

		}
	}
}
@endcode

The BuddyList API allows for plugins to edit buddies in the list, find the buddies on a given account, set alias, and manipulate the structure as needed.  It is also contains the methods for accessing @c Gaim::BuddyList::Group and @c Gaim::BuddyList::Chat types.

@section conn-api Connection API

The @c Gaim::Connection API is one of the many packages that will not be covered in depth in this tutorial.  They are more useful to protocol plugin developers.  However, the entire @c gaim_connection_ API has corresponding, functioning perl subroutines.

@section conv-api Conversation API

The Gaim perl API for @c gaim_conversation_ and @c gaim_conv_window_ allow
plugins to interact with open conversations, create new conversations, and
modify conversations at will.  In the example script, a new window is created,
displayed and a new conversation instant message is created.  The following
example again replaces the @c plugin_load subroutine.  The
@c Gaim::Conversation::Chat package handles the @c gaim_conv_chat_ portion of
the API very similarly to the examples that follow.

Notice that the interaction with the conversation window is in the @c Gaim::GtkUI package as it
is UI-specific code interacting with gtkgaim and not libgaim.
To use any of the Gaim::GtkUI functionality, you will need to add the following to the top of your script: @code use Gaim::GtkUI; @endcode

	}
@endcode

@section plugin-pref-api Plugin Preference and Gtk Preference API

The plugin preference API allows the plugin to display options in a preference pane that the user can change to manipulate the behaviour of the particular perl plugin.  The method used for creating the pane in C does not allow a direct mapping into perl.  Therefore perl plugin writers must be aware that there will be significant differences in how they create plugin preference panes.

To first create a standard plugin preference tab we need to add some key/value pairs to the @c \%PLUGIN_INFO hash.  The first line contains the perl subroutine that must be provided and will return a @c Gaim::Pref::Frame.

@code
%PLUGIN_INFO = {
	...,
	prefs_info => "prefs_info_cb"
};
@endcode

The perl subroutine @c prefs_info_cb will be called to create the tab for the perl plugin in the Preferences dialog.  An example of this function will explain the details of creating a preference frame.  However, it is necessary to first create the preferences from @c plugin_load as follows.

@code
sub plugin_load {
	my $plugin = shift;

	Gaim::Prefs::add_int("/plugins/core/perl_test/choice_int", 1);
	Gaim::Prefs::add_string("/plugins/core/perl_test/text", "Foobar");
}
@endcode

Now we can add these preferences from inside our function specified in @c \%PLUGIN_INFO .

@code
sub prefs_info_cb {
	# The first step is to initialize the Gaim::Pref::Frame that will be returned
	$frame = Gaim::PluginPref::Frame->new();

	$ppref = Gaim::PluginPref->new_with_name_and_label(
		"/plugins/core/perl_test/bool", "Boolean Preference");
	$frame->add($ppref);

	# Create a set of choices.  To do so we must set the type to 1 which is
	# the numerical equivalent of the GaimPrefType for choice.
	$ppref = Gaim::PluginPref->new_with_name_and_label(
		"/plugins/core/perl_test/choice_str", "Choice Preference");
	$ppref->set_type(1);
	$ppref->add_choice("ch0", "ch0");

@endcode
-->

@section request-api Request Dialog Box API

The @c Gaim::Request package allows for plugins to have interactive dialog boxes without the need for creating them in Gtk creating a seperation between the user interfaace and the plugin.  The portion of the Request API available to perl scripts is listed below followed by an example illustrating their use.

These arguments are the same for each of the three request types:
	@arg @em handle 	- The plugin handle.
	@arg @em title 		- String title for the dialog.
	@arg @em primary 	- The first sub-heading.

	@arg @em cancel_cb 	- The string name of the perl subroutine to call when the Cancel button is clicked.
	@arg @em default_value 	- Default text string to display in the input box.
	@arg @em multiline 	- Boolean where true indicates multiple line input boxes are allowed.
	@arg @em masked 	- Boolean indicating if the user can edit the text.
	@arg @em hint 	- See source for more information - can be left blank.
	@arg @em filename 	- String defualt file name value.
	@arg @em savedialog 	- Boolean where true indicates use as a save file dialog and false indicates an open file dialog.

@code
# Create a simple text input box
Gaim::Request::input(handle, title, primary, secondary, default_value, multiline, masked, hint, ok_text, ok_cb, cancel_text, cancel_cb);

# Create a unique input dialog as shown in the following example
Gaim::Request::fields(handle, title, primary, secondary, fields, ok_text, ok_cb, cancel_text, cancel_cb);
@endcode

What follows is an example of a @c Gaim::Request::fields() dialog box with two callbacks for an OK button and a Cancel Button.

@code
sub ok_cb_test{
	# The $fields is passed to the callback function when the button is clicked.
	#  To get the values they must be extracted from $fields by name.
	$fields = shift;
	$account = Gaim::Request::Fields::get_account($fields, "acct_test");
	$int = Gaim::Request::Fields::get_integer($fields, "int_test");
	$choice = Gaim::Request::Fields::get_choice($fields, "ch_test");
}

sub cancel_cb_test{
	# Cancel does nothing but is symmetric to the ok_cb_test
}

sub plugin_load {
	my $plugin = shift;

	# Create a group to pool together mutltiple fields.
	$group = Gaim::Request::Field::Group::new("Group Name");

	# Each fields is created with Gaim::Request::*_new(), is made viewable with Gaim::Request::field_*_set_show_all()
	#  and is then added to the group with Gaim::Request::field_group_add_field()

	# Add an account drop down list showing all active accounts
	$field = Gaim::Request::Field::account_new("acct_test", "Account Text", undef);
	Gaim::Request::Field::account_set_show_all($field, 0);
	Gaim::Request::Field::Group::add_field($group, $field);

	# Add an integer input box

}
@endcode

@section timeout-cb Misc: Plugin Actions, Timeouts and Callbacks

This section of the manual covers some of the more important features that can be added to Gaim perl Plugins.  Plugin actions are callback functions that are accessible to the user from the Gaim main window under "Tools -> [Plugin Name]".  Timeouts allow a plugin to exectue a perl subroutine after a given period of time.  Note that timeouts only occur once, so if the timeout must occur periodically just add a new timeout at the end of the timeout callback function.  Callbacks are functions that are called when an event occurs such as a buddy signing-on or a message being received.  These three tools will be discussed in the following three examples.

Plugin actions require the @c \%PLUGIN_INFO hash to have a key/value pair added and a callback perl subroutine defined to list the available actions, as well as one callback subroutine for each action.  Also, a @c \%plugin_actions hash needs to be defined relating the action names returned by the callback to the appropriate callback subroutines for each action.

@code
%PLUGIN_INFO = {
	...,
	plugin_action_sub => "plugin_actions_cb",

sub action2_cb {
	Gaim::Debug::info("Test Plugin", "Action 2 activated\n");
}
@endcode

Timeouts allow a perl subroutine to be exectued after a specified time.  They only occur once, so as stated earlier the timeout must be reregistered after every time it is called.

@code
sub timeout_cb {
	my $plugin = shift;
	Gaim::Debug::info("testplugin", "Timeout occurred.\n");

	# Schedule a timeout for ten seconds from now
	Gaim::timeout_add($plugin, 10, \&timeout_cb, $plugin);
}
@endcode

Callbacks are handled by creating a perl subroutine to serve as the callback and then attaching the callback to a signal.  To use callbacks it is necessary to first obtain the plugin handle with the @c Gaim::Plugin::get_handle() subroutine to pass as an argument for the callback.

@code
sub signal_cb {
	# The signal data and the user data come in as arguments
	my ($account, $data) = @_;

15069:3d6f2568457c

/** @page perl-howto Perl Scripting HOWTO

@section Introduction
Gaim Perl Plugins are set up very similarly to their C counterparts.  Most of the API calls are implemented and are divided into packages.  There are some significant differences between the Perl and C API.  Much like the C API, the best place to seek guidance is the source, which is located in the *.xs files in the [libgaim|gtk]/plugins/perl/common directories.  The tutorial that follows will be example based and attempt to touch on some of the notable features of the embedded perl interpreter.  It is also important to note that some of the C API is missing in Gaim's perl API.

It is possible to get Gtk2-Perl to work with Gaim's Perl API, however you must not load the module with @c use, but rather with @c require.  Keep this in mind if you would like to use other perl modules that are dynamically loaded.  You can avoid the problem by always using @c require instead of @c use.

@section first-script Writing your first script

Let us start with a simple example of a Gaim perl plugin.  The following code sample is a complete plugin that can be copied and used as-is.

@code
use Gaim;

%PLUGIN_INFO = (

	my $plugin = shift;
	Gaim::Debug::info("testplugin", "plugin_unload() - Test Plugin Unloaded.\n");
}
@endcode

It is necessary to load the libgaim perl package with the @code use Gaim; @endcode line; this makes all the libgaim perl API available to the script.  The @c \%PLUGIN_INFO hash contains all the information that will be displayed in the Plugin frame of the Preferences dialog, it also contains information about how the plugin is to be handled.  The @c load and @c unload keys specify subroutines to be called when the plugin is loaded and unloaded.  There are other key values that may be present in the @c \%PLUGIN_INFO hash; some of those will be covered in the following sections.

The Perl subroutine @c plugin_init is executed when the plugin is probed by the plugin subsystem.  What this means is that as soon as gaim is started, this subroutine is run once, regardless of whether or not the plugin is actually loaded. The other two subroutines present are the @c load and @c unload routines specified in the @c \%PLUGIN_INFO hash and will receive the plugin handle as an argument.  When the plugin is loaded and subsequently unloaded, it will print a message to the debug window using the @c Gaim::Debug::info() Gaim perl API call.

In order to use this simple plugin, save the script text in a file with a @c .pl extension in your ~/.gaim/plugins directory.  After restarting gaim, you should see the plugin  ("Perl Test Plugin") listed in the plugin list under "Tools -> Plugins".  To view the debug output, make sure you run Gaim from the console with the '-d' flag or open the Debug Window which is available in the "Help" menu.  When you check the checkbox next the plugin, you should see a message appear in the Debug Window (or console); similarly, when you uncheck the checkbox you should see another message appear.  You have now created a framework that will allow you to create almost any kind of Gaim plugin you can imagine.

@section account-api Account and Account Option Functions

The Account API is in the @c Gaim::Account:: and @c Gaim::Accounts:: packages;
both are nearly identical to their C counterparts, @c gaim_account_ and @c
gaim_accounts_.  The Account Option API is in the @c Gaim::Account::Option
package and is identical to the C implementation, @c gaim_account_option.

The Account* APIs allow scripts to create, remove, and edit accounts.  An
account will have the Perl type of "GaimAccount". (Note: Gaim types have no real
meaning in perl scripts, other than that the types passed to perl subroutines
need to be correct.)  This section will not go into detail about the @c
Gaim::Account::Option package since its use is mainly in building protocol
plugins, which are outside the scope of this document.  However, the API for the
@c Gaim::Account::Option package should function as expected, should you need to
use it.

To reduce redundant code, the following code examples will use the simple plugin
from the previous section as a template.  To highlight some of the more useful
features of the Account API, we will be replacing the @c plugin_load perl
subroutine.  For testing purposes, we will display output on the command line by
using perl @c print commands.

@code
sub plugin_load {
	$plugin = shift;

		print "Okay.\n";
	} else {
		print "Failed!\n";
	}

	# It follows that to connect a user you must set the account status to
	# "available" similarly we can disconnect a user by setting the account
	# status to "offline"

	print "Testing: Gaim::Accounts::connect()...pending...\n";

	$account->connect();

}
@endcode

The above code is mostly explained in the comments, however there are a few
notable points to make.  The variables above are all specialized Perl types that
contain pointers to the actual Gaim types.  They can be reassigned at will, just
like any other variable in Perl.  The only way to edit the internal values of a
Gaim type from within perl is to use the accessor methods, e.g.
@c Gaim::Account::get_username().  If you would like to assign a C @c NULL value,
simply use @c undef.

@section buddylist-api Buddylist, Group and Chat API

The BuddyList, Group and Chat APIs are very similar and whatever is shown for
the @c Gaim::BuddyList API should carry over to @c Gaim::BuddyList::Chat and
@c Gaim::BuddyList::Group.  Note that a @c Gaim::Find package was created to
keep the naming consistent with the C API.

@code
sub plugin_load {
	my $plugin = shift;

	# To add the buddy we need to have the buddy, contact, group and node for insertion.
	#  For this example we can let contact be undef and set the insertion node as the group
	Gaim::Debug::info("testplugin", "Testing: Gaim::BuddyList::add_buddy...\n");
	Gaim::BuddyList::add_buddy($buddy, undef, $group, $group);

	# The example that follows gives an indication of how an API call that returns a list is handled.
	#  In this case the buddies of the account found earlier are retrieved and put in an array '@buddy_array'
	#  Further down an accessor method is used, 'get_name()' -- see source for details on the full set of methods
	Gaim::Debug::info("testplugin",  "Testing: Gaim::Find::buddies...\n");
	@buddy_array = Gaim::Find::buddies($account, undef);
	if (@buddy_array) {

		}
	}
}
@endcode

The BuddyList API allows plugins to edit buddies in the list, find the buddies
for a given account, assign aliases, and further manipulate the structure
as needed.  It is also contains methods for accessing @c Gaim::BuddyList::Group
and @c Gaim::BuddyList::Chat types.

@section conn-api Connection API

The @c Gaim::Connection API is one of the many packages that will not be covered
in-depth in this tutorial.  It is most useful to protocol plugin developers.
However, the entire @c gaim_connection_ API has corresponding, functioning perl subroutines.

@section conv-api Conversation API

The Gaim perl APIs for @c gaim_conversation_ and @c gaim_conv_window_ allow
plugins to interact with existing conversations, create new conversations, and
modify conversations at will.  In the example script, a new window is created,
displayed and a new conversation instant message is created.  The following
example again replaces the @c plugin_load subroutine in the simple plugin
template.  The @c Gaim::Conversation::Chat package handles the
@c gaim_conv_chat_ portion of the API very similarly to how the
Gaim::Conversation::IM package is used in the examples that follow.

Notice that the interaction with the conversation window is in the @c Gaim::GtkUI package as it
is UI-specific code interacting with gtkgaim and not libgaim.
To use any of the Gaim::GtkUI functionality, you will need to add the following to the top of your script: @code use Gaim::GtkUI; @endcode

	}
@endcode

@section plugin-pref-api Plugin Preference and Gtk Preference API

The plugin preference API allows plugins to display options for manipulating the
plugin's behavior in a popup window.  The method used for creating the pane in
native C plugins does not allow a direct mapping into perl. Therefore, perl
plugin writers must be aware that there will be significant differences in how
they create plugin preference panes.

To first create a standard plugin preference tab, we need specify the
@c prefs_info key/value pair in the @c \%PLUGIN_INFO hash.  This specifies the
name of the perl subroutine that will build and return a @c Gaim::Pref::Frame.

@code
%PLUGIN_INFO = {
	...,
	prefs_info => "prefs_info_cb"
};
@endcode

The perl subroutine @c prefs_info_cb will be called to create the preferences
popup for the perl plugin.  The following example will demonstrate creating a
preference frame. It is necessary to first initialize the preferences to be used
in the @c plugin_load subroutine, as follows.

@code
sub plugin_load {
	my $plugin = shift;

	Gaim::Prefs::add_int("/plugins/core/perl_test/choice_int", 1);
	Gaim::Prefs::add_string("/plugins/core/perl_test/text", "Foobar");
}
@endcode

Now we can provide an UI for manipulating these preferences in our @prefs_info
function.

@code
sub prefs_info_cb {
	# The first step is to initialize the Gaim::Pref::Frame that will be returned
	$frame = Gaim::PluginPref::Frame->new();

	$ppref = Gaim::PluginPref->new_with_name_and_label(
		"/plugins/core/perl_test/bool", "Boolean Preference");
	$frame->add($ppref);

	# Create a set of choices.  To do so, we must set the type to 1 which is
	# the numerical equivalent of the GaimPrefType for choice.
	$ppref = Gaim::PluginPref->new_with_name_and_label(
		"/plugins/core/perl_test/choice_str", "Choice Preference");
	$ppref->set_type(1);
	$ppref->add_choice("ch0", "ch0");

@endcode
-->

@section request-api Request Dialog Box API

The @c Gaim::Request package allows plugins to have interactive dialog boxes
without the need to directly interact with the UI (e.g. GTK+).  This allows core
(libgaim) plugins to create a UI that can be displayed on whichever UI frontend
is being used.  The portion of the Request API available to perl scripts is
listed below, followed by an example illustrating its use.

These arguments are the same for each of the three request types:
	@arg @em handle 	- The plugin handle.
	@arg @em title 		- String title for the dialog.
	@arg @em primary 	- The first sub-heading.

	@arg @em cancel_cb 	- The string name of the perl subroutine to call when the Cancel button is clicked.
	@arg @em default_value 	- Default text string to display in the input box.
	@arg @em multiline 	- Boolean where true indicates multiple line input boxes are allowed.
	@arg @em masked 	- Boolean indicating if the user can edit the text.
	@arg @em hint 	- See source for more information - can be left blank.
	@arg @em filename 	- String default file name value.
	@arg @em savedialog 	- Boolean where true indicates use as a save file dialog and false indicates an open file dialog.

@code
# Create a simple text input box
Gaim::Request::input(handle, title, primary, secondary, default_value, multiline, masked, hint, ok_text, ok_cb, cancel_text, cancel_cb);

# Create a unique input dialog as shown in the following example
Gaim::Request::fields(handle, title, primary, secondary, fields, ok_text, ok_cb, cancel_text, cancel_cb);
@endcode

The following is an example of a @c Gaim::Request::fields() dialog box with a
callback for the OK button and another for the Cancel Button.

@code
sub ok_cb_test{
	# The $fields is passed to the callback function when the button is clicked.
	# To access a specific field, it must be extracted from $fields by name.
	$fields = shift;
	$account = Gaim::Request::Fields::get_account($fields, "acct_test");
	$int = Gaim::Request::Fields::get_integer($fields, "int_test");
	$choice = Gaim::Request::Fields::get_choice($fields, "ch_test");
}

sub cancel_cb_test{
	# Cancel does nothing but is equivalent to the ok_cb_test
}

sub plugin_load {
	my $plugin = shift;

	# Create a group to pool together multiple fields.
	$group = Gaim::Request::Field::Group::new("Group Name");

	# Each field is created with Gaim::Request::*_new(), is made viewable with Gaim::Request::field_*_set_show_all()
	#  and is then added to the group with Gaim::Request::field_group_add_field()

	# Add an account combobox containing all active accounts
	$field = Gaim::Request::Field::account_new("acct_test", "Account Text", undef);
	Gaim::Request::Field::account_set_show_all($field, 0);
	Gaim::Request::Field::Group::add_field($group, $field);

	# Add an integer input box

}
@endcode

@section timeout-cb Misc: Plugin Actions, Timeouts and Callbacks

This section of the manual covers some of the important features that can be
added to Gaim perl Plugins.  Plugin actions are callback functions that are
accessible to the user from the Buddy List window under "Tools -> [Plugin Name]".
Timeouts allow a plugin to execute a perl subroutine after a given period of time.
Note that timeouts only occur once, so if the timeout must occur periodically,
the timeout needs to be re-added at the end of the timeout callback function.
Callbacks are functions that are called when an event occurs (such as a buddy
signing-on, or a message being received).  The following three examples will
demonstrate the usage of these features.

Plugin actions require the @c \%PLUGIN_INFO hash to have a key/value pair added,
specifying a perl subroutine which will list the available actions; each action
listed must have a definition, including a reference to a callback subroutine,
added to the @c \%plugin_actions hash.

@code
%PLUGIN_INFO = {
	...,
	plugin_action_sub => "plugin_actions_cb",

sub action2_cb {
	Gaim::Debug::info("Test Plugin", "Action 2 activated\n");
}
@endcode

Timeouts allow a perl subroutine to be executed after a specified time.  They only occur once, so, as stated earlier, the timeout must be re-registered after every time it is called.

@code
sub timeout_cb {
	my $plugin = shift;
	Gaim::Debug::info("testplugin", "Timeout occurred.\n");

	# Schedule a timeout for ten seconds from now
	Gaim::timeout_add($plugin, 10, \&timeout_cb, $plugin);
}
@endcode

Callbacks are handled by creating a perl subroutine to serve as the callback and
then attaching the callback to a signal.

@code
sub signal_cb {
	# The signal data and the user data come in as arguments
	my ($account, $data) = @_;