comparison etc/FAQ @ 2703:8ea617fb9603

*** empty log message ***

2702:2910c8b63888

                       GNU Emacs FAQ: Introduction

[To find what has changed, see the "Changes" posting.]

[Joe Wells (me) has quit as FAQ coordinator.  Steven Byrnes is taking over this
 responsibility.  Let's give him a big round of applause!  More volunteers are
 still needed to help by taking charge of a section of the FAQ list.  Send
 e-mail if you are interested. - jbw]

[First, I'd like to thank Joe for all of the work he's done on the FAQ to
 date.  Second: due to a hectic schedule, getting up to speed with
 maintaining the FAQ, and trying to fix up some loose ends, this release of
 the FAQ is coming out a bit late.  (Ok, a lot late. :)  I hope to get
 another release, fixing up some lose ends, by the end of the month. 
 - sbyrnes]

This is the introduction to a list of frequently asked questions (FAQ) about
GNU Emacs with answers.  This article contains a listing of the questions;
subsequent articles contain the questions and answers.

174: Why is the GNUS-generated `Date:' header invalid?
175: Why doesn't GNUS generate the `Lines:' header?
176: Why do I get "Cannot open load file" "nntp" when compiling GNUS?
177: How do I kill all articles in GNUS but those matching a pattern?


----------------------------------------------------------------------
Copyright (C) 1990, 1991, 1992 Joseph Brian Wells
Copyright (C) 1992, 1993 Steven Byrnes

This list of frequently asked questions about GNU Emacs with answers
("FAQ") may be translated into other languages, transformed into other
formats (e.g. Texinfo, Info, WWW, WAIS, etc.), and updated with new
information.  The same conditions apply to any derivative of the FAQ as
apply to the FAQ itself.  Every copy of the FAQ must include this notice
or an approved translation, information on who is currently maintaining
the FAQ and how to contact them (including their e-mail address), and
information on where the latest version of the FAQ is archived (including
FTP information).  The FAQ may be copied and redistributed under these
conditions, except that the FAQ may not be embedded in a larger literary
work unless that work itself allows free copying and redistribution.

                       GNU Emacs FAQ: Introduction

[To find what has changed, see the "Changes" posting.]

[Joe Wells (me) has quit as FAQ coordinator.  Steven Byrnes is taking over this
 responsibility.  Let's give him a big round of applause!  More volunteers are
 still needed to help by taking charge of a section of the FAQ list.  Send
 e-mail if you are interested. - jbw]

[First, I'd like to thank Joe for all of the work he's done on the FAQ to
 date.  Second: due to a hectic schedule, getting up to speed with
 maintaining the FAQ, and trying to fix up some loose ends, this release of
 the FAQ is coming out a bit late.  (Ok, a lot late. :)  I hope to get
 another release, fixing up some lose ends, by the end of the month. 
 - sbyrnes]

This is the introduction to a list of frequently asked questions (FAQ) about
GNU Emacs with answers.  This article contains a listing of the questions;
subsequent articles contain the questions and answers.

The FAQ list is posted to reduce the noise level in the `gnu.emacs.help'
newsgroup (which is also the `help-gnu-emacs' mailing list) which results from
the repetition of frequently asked questions, wrong answers to these questions,
corrections to the wrong answers, corrections to the corrections, debate, name
calling, etc.  Also, it serves as a repository of the canonical "best" answers
to these questions.  However, if you know a better answer or even a slight
change that improves an answer, please tell us!

If you know the answer of a question is in the FAQ list, please reply to the
question by e-mail instead of posting.  Help reduce noise!

The FAQ list is crossposted to `comp.emacs' because some sites do not receive
the `gnu.*' newsgroups.  The FAQ list is also crossposted to `news.answers'.

Please suggest new questions, answers, wording changes, deletions, etc.  The
most helpful form for suggestions is a context diff (ie., the output of `diff
-c').  Include `FAQ' in the subject of messages sent to us about the FAQ list.

Please do not send questions to us just because you do not want to disturb a
lot of people and you think we would know the answer.  We do not have time to
answer questions individually.  :-(

Full instructions for getting the latest FAQ are in question 22.  Also see the
`Introduction to news.answers' posting in the `news.answers' newsgroup, or send
e-mail to `[e-mail]' with `help' on a body line, or use FTP,
WAIS, or Prospero to rtfm.mit.edu.

These ideas have already been suggested, but we have not had time to
implement them:

  * A Texinfo version.
  * Marking questions in the table of contents that have been changed
    recently.

-- 
Steven Byrnes <[e-mail]> (and Joe Wells <[e-mail]>)

E-mail [e-mail] for details about the League for Programming Freedom.

----------------------------------------------------------------------

                     GNU Emacs FAQ: Table of Contents

Notation Used in FAQ

1:   What do these mean: C-h, M-C-a, RET, "ESC a", etc.?
2:   What does "M-x command" mean?
3:   How do I read topic XXX in the on-line manual?
4:   What do these mean: etc/SERVICE, src/config.h, lisp/default.el?
5:   What are FSF, LPF, OSF, GNU, RMS, FTP, and GPL?

General Questions

6:   What is the LPF and why should I join it?
7:   What is the real legal meaning of the GNU copyleft?
8:   What are appropriate messages for gnu.emacs.help, gnu.emacs.bug,
     comp.emacs, etc.?
9:   Where can I get old postings to gnu.emacs.help and other GNU groups?
10:  Where should I report bugs and other problems with GNU Emacs?
11:  How do I unsubscribe to this mailing list?
12:  What is the current address of the FSF?

On-line Help, Printed Manuals, Other Sources of Help

13:  I'm just starting GNU Emacs; how do I do basic editing?
14:  How do I find out how to do something in GNU Emacs?
15:  How do I get a printed copy of the GNU Emacs manual?
16:  Where can I get documentation on GNU Emacs Lisp?
17:  How do I install a piece of Texinfo documentation?
18:  How do I print a Texinfo file?
19:  Can I view Info files without using GNU Emacs?
20:  What informational files are available for GNU Emacs?
21:  Where can I get help in installing GNU Emacs?
22:  Where can I get the latest version of this document (the FAQ list)?

Status of Emacs

23:  Where does the name "Emacs" come from?
24:  What is the latest version of GNU Emacs?
25:  When will GNU Emacs 19 be available?
26:  What is different about GNU Emacs 19?
27:  What variants of GNU Emacs exist?

Common Things People Want To Do

28:  How do I set up a .emacs file properly?
29:  How do I debug a .emacs file?
30:  How do I make Emacs display the current line (or column) number?
31:  How do I turn on Abbrevs by default just in mode XXX?
32:  How do I turn on Auto-Fill mode by default?
33:  How do I make Emacs use a certain major mode for certain files?
34:  How do I search for, delete, or replace unprintable (8-bit or control)
     characters?
35:  How can I highlight a region of text in Emacs?
36:  How do I control Emacs's case-sensitivity when searching/replacing?
37:  How do I make Emacs wrap words for me?
38:  Where can I get a better spelling checker for Emacs?
39:  How can I spell-check TeX or *roff documents?
40:  How do I change load-path?
41:  How do I use an already running Emacs from another window?
42:  How do I make Emacs recognize my compiler's funny error messages?
43:  How do I indent switch statements like this?
44:  How can I make Emacs automatically scroll horizontally?
45:  How do I make Emacs "typeover" or "overwrite" instead of inserting?
46:  How do I stop Emacs from beeping on a terminal?
47:  How do I turn down the bell volume in Emacs running under X Windows?
48:  How do I tell Emacs to automatically indent a new line to the
     indentation of the previous line?
49:  How do I show which parenthesis matches the one I'm looking at?
50:  In C mode, can I show just the lines that will be left after #ifdef
     commands are handled by the compiler?
51:  Is there an equivalent to the `.' (dot) command of vi?
52:  What are the valid X resource settings (ie., stuff in .Xdefaults)?
53:  How do I execute a piece of Emacs Lisp code?
54:  How do I change Emacs's idea of the tab character's length?
55:  How do I insert `>' at the beginning of every line?
56:  How do I insert `_^H' before each character in a paragraph to get an
     underlined paragraph?
57:  How do I repeat a command as many times as possible?
58:  How do I make Emacs behave like this: when I go up or down, the cursor
     should stay in the same column even if the line is too short?
59:  How do I tell Emacs to iconify itself?
60:  How do I use regexps (regular expressions) in Emacs?
61:  How do I perform a replace operation across more than one file?
62:  Where is the documentation for `etags'?

Bugs/Problems

63:  Does Emacs have problems with files larger than 8 megabytes?
64:  Why can't Emacs find files in current directory on startup?
65:  How do I get rid of the ^M junk in my Shell buffer?
66:  Why do I get `Process shell exited abnormally with code 1'?
67:  Why can't I cut from Emacs and paste in other X programs?
68:  Where is the termcap/terminfo entry for terminal type `emacs'?
69:  Why does Emacs spontaneously start displaying `I-search:' and beeping?
70:  Why can't Emacs talk to certain hosts (or certain hostnames)?
71:  Why does Emacs say `Error in init file'?
72:  Why does Emacs ignore my X resources (my .Xdefaults file)?
73:  Why does Emacs take 20 seconds to visit a file?
74:  How do I edit a file with a `$' in its name?
75:  Why does Shell mode lose track of the shell's current directory?
76:  Why doesn't my change to load-path work?
77:  Why does the cursor always go to the wrong column when I move up or
     down one line?
78:  Why does Emacs hang with message `Unknown XMenu error' with X11R4?
79:  Why doesn't display-time show the load average in the mode line
     anymore?
80:  Why does ispell sometimes ignore the local dictionary?
81:  Why does Ispell treat each line as a single word?
82:  Are there any security risks in GNU Emacs?

Difficulties Building/Installing/Porting Emacs

83:  What should I do if I have trouble building Emacs?
84:  How do I stop Emacs from failing when the executable is stripped?
85:  Why does linking Emacs with -lX11 fail?
86:  Why does Emacs 18.55 say `Fatal error (6).Abort' under SunOS 4.1?

Finding/Getting Emacs and Related Packages

87:  Where can I get GNU Emacs on the net (or by snail mail)?
88:  How do I find a GNU Emacs Lisp package that does XXX?
89:  Where can I get GNU Emacs Lisp packages that don't come with Emacs?
90:  How do I submit code to the Emacs Lisp Archive?
91:  Where can I get other up-to-date GNU stuff?
92:  Where can I get an Emacs with better mouse and X window support?
93:  What is the difference between GNU Emacs and Epoch?
94:  What is the difference between GNU Emacs and Lucid GNU Emacs?
95:  Where can I get the "unofficial HP GNU Emacs"?
96:  Where can I get Emacs for my PC running MS-DOS?
97:  Where can I get Emacs for my PC running Windows?
98:  Where can I get Emacs for my PC running OS/2?
99:  Where can I get Emacs for my Atari ST?
100: Where can I get Emacs for my Amiga?
101: Where can I get Emacs for my Apple computer?
102: Where can I get Emacs with NeWS support?
103: Where do I get Emacs that runs on VMS under DECwindows?
104: Where can I get modes for Lex, Yacc/Bison, Bourne Shell, Csh, C++,
     Objective C, Pascal, Awk?
105: What is the IP address of XXX.YYY.ZZZ?

Major Emacs Lisp Packages, Emacs Extensions, and Related Programs

106: VM (View Mail) -- another mail reader within Emacs
107: Supercite -- mail and news citation package within Emacs
108: GNUS -- news reader within Emacs
109: Calc -- poor man's Mathematica within Emacs
110: Calendar/Diary -- calendar manager within Emacs
111: Ange-FTP -- transparent FTP access for Emacs's file access routines
112: VIP -- vi emulation for Emacs
113: Dired -- better directory editor for Emacs
114: AUC TeX -- enhanced LaTeX mode with debugging facilities
115: Hyperbole -- extensible hypertext management system within Emacs
116: Byte Compiler -- enhanced version of Emacs's byte compiler
117: comint -- hugely enhanced shell mode and other derived modes
118: BBDB -- personal info rolodex integrated with mail/news readers
119: Ispell -- spell checker in C with interface for Emacs
120: Epoch -- enhanced GNU Emacs with better X interface
121: Lucid GNU Emacs -- alternative Emacs 19 with better X interface
122: Demacs -- GNU Emacs altered to run on MS-DOS on 386/486 machines
123: Freemacs -- a small Emacs for MS-DOS
124: Patch -- program to apply "diffs" for updating files

Changing Key Bindings and Handling Key Binding Problems

125: How do I bind keys (including function keys) to commands?
126: Why does Emacs say `Key sequence XXX uses invalid prefix characters'?
127: Why doesn't this [terminal or window-system setup] code work in my
     .emacs file, but it works just fine after Emacs starts up?
128: How do I use function keys under X Windows?
129: How do I tell what characters my function or arrow keys emit?
130: How do I set the X key "translations" for Emacs?
131: How do I handle C-s and C-q being used for flow control?
132: How do I use commands bound to C-s and C-q (or any key) if these keys
     are filtered out?
133: Why does the `BackSpace' key invoke help?
134: Why doesn't Emacs look at the stty settings for Backspace vs. Delete?
135: Why don't the arrow keys work?
136: How do I "swap" two keys?
137: How do I produce C-XXX with my keyboard?
138: What if I don't have a Meta key?
139: What if I don't have an Escape key?
140: How do I type DEL on PC terminal emulators?
141: Can I make my `Compose Character' key behave like a Meta key?
142: How do I bind a combination of modifier key and function key?
143: Why doesn't my Meta key work in an xterm window?
144: Why doesn't my ExtendChar key work as a Meta key under HP-UX 8.0?
145: Where can I get key bindings to make Emacs emulate WordStar?
146: Where can I get an XEDIT emulator for Emacs?

Using Emacs with Alternate Character Sets

147: How do I make Emacs display 8-bit characters?
148: How do I input 8-bit characters?
149: Where can I get an Emacs that can handle kanji characters?
150: Where can I get an Emacs that can handle Chinese?
151: Where is an Emacs that can handle Semitic (right-to-left) alphabets?

Mail and News

152: How do I change the included text prefix in mail/news followups?
153: How do I save a copy of outgoing mail?
154: Why doesn't Emacs expand my aliases when sending mail?
155: Why does RMAIL think all my saved messages are one big message?
156: How can I sort the messages in my RMAIL folder?
157: Why does RMAIL need to write to /usr/spool/mail?
158: How do I recover my mail files after RMAIL munges their format?
159: How do I make Emacs automatically start my mail/news reader?
160: How do I read news under Emacs?
161: Why does `rnews' say "No News is good news" when there is news?
162: Why doesn't GNUS work anymore via NNTP?
163: How do I view text with embedded underlining (eg., ClariNews)?
164: When I try to post a long article in GNUS (about 10K or longer), I get
     the error, "Writing to process: no more processes, nntpd"
165: How do I save all the items of a multi-part posting in GNUS?
166: Why does GNUS put the subjects in replies beyond the 80th column?
167: Why is GNUS so slow to start up?
168: How do I catch up all newsgroups in GNUS?
169: Why can't I kill in GNUS on the Newsgroups/Keywords/Control line?
170: How do I get rid of flashing messages in GNUS for slow connections?
171: Why is catch up slow in Gnews/GNUS?
172: Why does GNUS hang for a long time when posting?
173: Why don't my news postings in GNUS get past the local machine?
174: Why is the GNUS-generated `Date:' header invalid?
175: Why doesn't GNUS generate the `Lines:' header?
176: Why do I get "Cannot open load file" "nntp" when compiling GNUS?
177: How do I kill all articles in GNUS but those matching a pattern?


----------------------------------------------------------------------
Copyright (C) 1990, 1991, 1992 Joseph Brian Wells
Copyright (C) 1992, 1993 Steven Byrnes

This list of frequently asked questions about GNU Emacs with answers
("FAQ") may be translated into other languages, transformed into other
formats (e.g. Texinfo, Info, WWW, WAIS, etc.), and updated with new
information.  The same conditions apply to any derivative of the FAQ as
apply to the FAQ itself.  Every copy of the FAQ must include this notice
or an approved translation, information on who is currently maintaining
the FAQ and how to contact them (including their e-mail address), and
information on where the latest version of the FAQ is archived (including
FTP information).  The FAQ may be copied and redistributed under these
conditions, except that the FAQ may not be embedded in a larger literary
work unless that work itself allows free copying and redistribution.


               GNU Emacs FAQ: Notation/General/Help/Status

If you are viewing this text in a GNU Emacs Buffer, you can type "M-2 C-x $" to
get an overview of just the questions.  Then, when you want to look at the text
of the answers, just type "C-x $".

  years, although there may be some unintentional gaps in coverage.  The
  archive is not particularly well organized or easy to retrieve individual
  postings from, but pretty much everything is there.
  
    Anonymous FTP:
      /prep.ai.mit.edu:/pub/gnu/MailingListArchives/                         !
                                                                             !
  There is a WAIS database named `comp.emacs' on wais.oit.unc.edu that       !
  makes available the last few days of articles in comp.emacs.               !
  
10:  Where should I report bugs and other problems with GNU Emacs?
  
  The correct way to report GNU Emacs bugs is by e-mail to
  [e-mail].  Anything sent here also appears in the

  300 page manual yourself (see question 18).
  
  If you absolutely have to print your own copy, and you don't have TeX, you
  can get a PostScript version via anonymous FTP:
  
    /cs.ubc.ca:src/gnu/manuals_ps/emacs-18.57.ps.Z
  
  which site requests that you please CONFINE ANY MAJOR FTPING TO LATE
  EVENINGS OR EARLY MORNINGS OUR TIME (pacific time zone, GMT-8)).  A DVI
  version is also available via FTP:
  

    believe there are others.  Dave's info.el also handles compressed Info
    files.
  
    Anonymous FTP:
      /archive.cis.ohio-state.edu:modes/info.el.Z
      /cs.umn.edu:pub/gnu/emacs/info.el.Z
  
    According to Jay Bourland <[e-mail]>, a version of Dave's
    info.el comes with `xinfo' (see question 19).
  
18:  How do I print a Texinfo file?

    In GNUS, you should type "C-u G" from the *Subject* buffer or "C-u SPC"
    from the *Newsgroup* buffer to view all articles in a newsgroup.
  
    The FAQ articles' message IDs are:
  
      <[e-mail]>                           !
      <[e-mail]>                           !
      <[e-mail]>                           !
      <[e-mail]>                           !
      <[e-mail]>                           !
      <[e-mail]>                           !
  
    If you are viewing this in the GNUS *Article* buffer, you can move point
    within one of the above message IDs and type "r" to fetch the referenced
    article.  Type "o" in the *Article* buffer to restore the previous
    contents.  If this text is not in the GNUS *Article* buffer, use M-r
    from the *Subject* buffer instead.
  
    If the FAQ articles have expired and been deleted from your news spool,
    it might (or might not) do some good to complain to your news
    administrator, because the most recent FAQ should not expire before
    March 6, 1993.                                                           !
  
  * Via anonymous FTP.  You can fetch the FAQ articles via anonymous FTP
  
      /rtfm.mit.edu:pub/usenet/news.answers/GNU-Emacs-FAQ/ part*
  

    article level instead of at the question level.  This is a better place
    to look if you want to fetch the entire FAQ.
  
  * In the GNU Emacs distribution.  Since GNU Emacs 18.56, the latest
    available version of the FAQ at the time of release has been part of the
    GNU Emacs distribution as file etc/FAQ.  18.59 is the latest version,    !
    and it was released in October 1992.                                     !
  
  * There is an old version of the FAQ list available for FTP in the GNU
    archives at MIT:
  
      /prep.ai.mit.edu:pub/gnu/GNUinfo/FAQ.emacs

  Steele <[e-mail]> as a project to unify the many divergent TECO
  command sets and keybindings at MIT.
  
  Many people have told me that TECO code looks a lot like line noise.  See
  alt.lang.teco if you are interested.  I think someone has written a TECO
  implementation in Emacs Lisp.  It would be an interesting project to run
  the original TECO Emacs inside of GNU Emacs.
  
24:  What is the latest version of GNU Emacs?
  
  GNU Emacs 18.59 is the current version.  Fixes from 18.57 include better   !
  mail address parsing, an X visual bell speedup, a call-process
  enhancement, a regexp matching change, the ability to apply a numeric
  argument to a self-inserting digit, getting X resource values from the
  RESOURCE_MANAGER property, more reliable shell mode job control, and a
  change to copy-keymap.  Also, support has been added for many new system

  To visit a file with information about what has changed in recent
  versions, type "C-h n".
  
25:  When will GNU Emacs 19 be available?
  
  There are strong indications that Emacs 19 will be available in 1992.  The
  FSF has recently gone through a spate of copyright disclaimer checking,
  which is a good sign.
  
  Lucid has released Lucid GNU Emacs 19.3, which is based on an early        !
  unreleased version of GNU Emacs 19.  This will be similar to Emacs 19 when
  it finally arrives, but they are not the same.  See question 121.
  
  Work has begun on features for Emacs 20.
  

  * Lucid GNU Emacs is derived from an early unreleased version of GNU Emacs
    19.  See question 121 and 92.
  


----------------------------------------------------------------------       +
Copyright (C) 1990, 1991, 1992 Joseph Brian Wells                            +
Copyright (C) 1992, 1993 Steven Byrnes                                       +
                                                                             +
This list of frequently asked questions about GNU Emacs with answers         +
("FAQ") may be translated into other languages, transformed into other       +
formats (e.g. Texinfo, Info, WWW, WAIS, etc.), and updated with new          +
information.  The same conditions apply to any derivative of the FAQ as      +
apply to the FAQ itself.  Every copy of the FAQ must include this notice     +
or an approved translation, information on who is currently maintaining      +
the FAQ and how to contact them (including their e-mail address), and        +
information on where the latest version of the FAQ is archived (including    +
FTP information).  The FAQ may be copied and redistributed under these       +
conditions, except that the FAQ may not be embedded in a larger literary     +
work unless that work itself allows free copying and redistribution.         +


                 GNU Emacs FAQ: Common Requests/Problems

If you are viewing this text in a GNU Emacs Buffer, you can type "M-2 C-x $" to
get an overview of just the questions.  Then, when you want to look at the text
of the answers, just type "C-x $".

    "[^\t\n\r\f -~]"
  
35:  How can I highlight a region of text in Emacs?
  
  There are ways to get highlighting (reverse video, inverse video) in GNU
  Emacs 18.59, but either they require patching the C code of Emacs and      !
  rebuilding, or they are slow and the highlighting disappears if you scroll
  or redraw the screen and it can not follow the point.  Howard Gayle's
  patches for 8-bit output appear to allow highlighting (see question
  ^8-bit-output).  Another patch for highlighting is by Kenichi Handa
  <[e-mail]>.  There is a patch for use with X by Andy Norman
  <[e-mail]> (and modified for 18.57 by Matthieu Herrb
  <[e-mail]>), which is available for FTP:
  
    /laas.laas.fr:pub/emacs/patch-X11-18.55                                  !
    /laas.laas.fr:pub/emacs/patch-X11-18.57                                  !
  
  You can highlight regions in a variety of ways in Epoch and Lucid Emacs.
  GNU Emacs 19 may not be able to just temporarily highlight a region.
  
  Similar comments apply to displaying text in different fonts, except that

  different programs named `detex', all with incompatible options, and a
  very old pair of programs named `detex' and `delatex', which should
  probably be avoided.  The most useful one for Ispell is `detex' by Daniel
  Trinkle.  A more recent version is available via FTP:
  
    /arthur.cs.purdue.edu:pub/trinkle/detex-2.4.tar                          !
  
  Raphael Cerf <[e-mail]> recently released a program for this
  named `xetal':
  
    /spi.ens.fr:pub/unix/tex/

      (setq visible-bell t)
  
47:  How do I turn down the bell volume in Emacs running under X Windows?
  
  Under versions of Emacs before 18.58, the bell volume was annoying loud
  and difficult to turn off.  So upgrading to 18.58 or higher will reduce    +
  the volume.  If you want to turn it off completely, use `xset'.  There is
  no way to turn the bell off just for Emacs without affecting all other
  programs.
  
  Under Epoch you can do:

  Manavendra K. Thakur <[e-mail]> (for 18.57, plus icon
  geometry) to allow Emacs to start up iconified.  I don't know which of
  these patches work together.
  
  Anonymous FTP:
    /csi.jpl.nasa.gov:pub/emax.patch1  (Matt Wette)                          !
    /ftp.eu.net:gnu/emacs/FP-Xfun.Z  (Johan Vromans)
    /ftp.urc.tue.nl:/pub/tex/emacs/FP-Xfun  (Johan Vromans)                  +
  
60:  How do I use regexps (regular expressions) in Emacs?
  
  See `Regexps' in the online manual.
  

    /ireq-robot.hydro.qc.ca:pub/emacs/lisp/query.el.Z
  
62:  Where is the documentation for `etags'?
  
  `etags' takes options just like a prior version of ctags, so your ctags
  manual (if any) may be useful.  {Can someone send me the details on this?}
  


Bugs/Problems

    Emacs uses 8-bit tags because that's a little faster on byte-oriented
    machines, but there are only really enough tags to require 6 bits.
  
64:  Why can't Emacs find files in current directory on startup?
  
  The PWD bug has been fixed as of GNU Emacs 18.59.  Read on if you are      +
  running an older version of Emacs.                                         +

  Most likely, you have an environment variable named PWD that is set to a
  value other than the name of your current directory.  This is most
  likely caused by using two different shell programs.  `ksh' and (some
  versions of) `csh' set and maintain the value of the PWD environment
  variable, but `sh' doesn't.  If you start sh from ksh, change your
  current directory inside sh, and then start Emacs from inside sh, PWD
  will have the wrong value but Emacs will use this value.  An invalid       +
  setting for PWD can also be a problem if you use X Windows and csh on an   +
  RS/6000.  See the etc/OPTIONS file for more details.                       +
  
  Perhaps an easier solution is not to use two shells.  The `chsh' program
  can often be used to change one's default login shell.
  
  You may have PWD set for other reasons.  Another possibility is that you

  (eg., you are compiling Nemacs), the easiest workaround was to put
  `#define SYSTEM_MALLOC' in src/config.h.
  


----------------------------------------------------------------------       +
Copyright (C) 1990, 1991, 1992 Joseph Brian Wells                            +
Copyright (C) 1992, 1993 Steven Byrnes                                       +
                                                                             +
This list of frequently asked questions about GNU Emacs with answers         +
("FAQ") may be translated into other languages, transformed into other       +
formats (e.g. Texinfo, Info, WWW, WAIS, etc.), and updated with new          +
information.  The same conditions apply to any derivative of the FAQ as      +
apply to the FAQ itself.  Every copy of the FAQ must include this notice     +
or an approved translation, information on who is currently maintaining      +
the FAQ and how to contact them (including their e-mail address), and        +
information on where the latest version of the FAQ is archived (including    +
FTP information).  The FAQ may be copied and redistributed under these       +
conditions, except that the FAQ may not be embedded in a larger literary     +
work unless that work itself allows free copying and redistribution.         +


                  GNU Emacs FAQ: Getting Emacs/Packages

If you are viewing this text in a GNU Emacs Buffer, you can type "M-2 C-x $" to
get an overview of just the questions.  Then, when you want to look at the text
of the answers, just type "C-x $".

  archive sites.  If you don't already have GNU Emacs, see question 20
  for how to get these two files.
  
  The latest version is always available via anonymous FTP at MIT:
  
    /prep.ai.mit.edu:pub/gnu/emacs-18.59.tar.Z                               !
  
  See question 91.
  
88:  How do I find a GNU Emacs Lisp package that does XXX?
  

  For example:
  
    ;; LCD Archive Entry:
    ;; tex-complete|Sebastian Kremer|[e-mail]
    ;; |Minibuffer name completion for editing [La]TeX.
    ;; |91-03-26|$Revision: 19.4 $|~/packages/tex-complete.el.Z              !
  
  Dave Brennan has software which automatically looks for data in this
  format.  The format is fairly flexible.  The entry ends when a line is
  reached with a different prefix or the seventh field terminator is
  seen.

  
95:  Where can I get the "unofficial HP GNU Emacs"?
  
  The unofficial HP GNU Emacs is available via anonymous FTP:
  
    /ee.utah.edu:HUGE/  (PLEASE FTP DURING NON-WORK HOURS!!!)                -
  
  and takes about 35 megabytes of disk space to build.  It is useful for
  non-HP machines, but some of the added features will only work under
  HP-UX.
  

  
  * MicroEmacs
  
    MicroEmacs is a descendant of Microemacs {originally by Dave Conroy?}.
    It is programmable in a BASIC-like language.  Many of the keybindings
    are different from GNU Emacs.  It is rumored that MicroEmacs can not
    correctly edit files larger than memory.  The author is Daniel Lawrence
    <[e-mail], mdbs![e-mail]>.  The latest version is 3.11 !
    and it is available via anonymous FTP:
  
      /wuarchive.wustl.edu:/mirrors/msdos/uemacs/                            !

  * JOVE
  
    Another Emacs for small machines is JOVE (Jonathan's Own Version of
    Emacs).  The latest official version is 4.14.  There appears to be a
    newer version.  People rumored to be working on JOVE include Mark Moraes
    <[e-mail]> and Bill Marsh <[e-mail]>.  It is
    available via anonymous FTP:
  
      /cs.toronto.edu:/pub/moraes/jove4.14.7.tar.Z                           !
  
  * MG
  
    MG is another descendant of Microemacs.  MG used to stand for
    MicroGNUEmacs, but now just stands for MG.  The look-and-feel of MG is

  
    The set of changes have been posted a number of times three times the
    last 12 months, so they should be widely available.
  
  Richard Levitte <[e-mail]> tells us that there are patches for
  Emacs 18.57 and 18.58 available via e-mail:
  
    To: [e-mail]
    body: SEND EMACS-1857-PATCHES
      or: SEND EMACS-1858-PATCHES
  
104: Where can I get modes for Lex, Yacc/Bison, Bourne Shell, Csh, C++,
 Objective C, Pascal, Awk?
  
  As usual, look in the Lisp Code Directory (see question 88).  For C++,
  if you use lisp-dir-apropos, you must specify the pattern like this:

107: Supercite -- mail and news citation package within Emacs
  
  Author: Barry Warsaw <[e-mail]>
  Mailing list: [e-mail] (for subscriptions)
                [e-mail] (for submissions)
  Latest version: 2.2
  Anonymous FTP:
    /archive.cis.ohio-state.edu:pub/gnu/emacs/elisp-archive/packages/sc-2.2.tar.Z
    /ftp.cme.nist.gov:pub/gnu/sc2.2.tar.Z
  Via e-mail:
    To: [e-mail]
    Subject: help
  NOTE: Superyank is an old version of Supercite.
  

  
  Author: Masanobu Umeda <[e-mail]>
  Latest official version: 3.13
  Unofficial test version: 3.14.1
  Anonymous FTP:
    /cs.umn.edu:pub/gnu/emacs/gnus-3.14.1.tar.Z.
    /aun.uninett.no:pub/gnus-3.14.1.tar.Z
    /wnoc-fuk.wide.ad.jp:pub/GNU/etc/gnus-3.14.1.tar.Z
    /liasun3.epfl.ch:pub/gnu/emacs/gnus-3.14.1.tar.Z
    /aix370.rrz.uni-koeln.de:/pub/gnu/emacs/gnus-3.14.1.tar.Z
    /funet.fi:/networking/news/gnus-3.14.1.tar.Z
    /src.doc.ic.ac.uk:/gnu/EmacsBits/gnus/gnus-3.14.1.tar.Z

  Author: Andy Norman <[e-mail]>
  Latest official version: 4.20
  Anonymous FTP:
    /alpha.gnu.ai.mit.edu:ange-ftp/ange-ftp.tar.Z
    /archive.cis.ohio-state.edu:pub/gnu/emacs/elisp-archive/packages/ange-ftp.tar.Z
    /ugle.unit.no:pub/gnu/emacs-lisp/ange-ftp.tar.Z                          +
  Mailing lists:
    [e-mail] (for subscriptions)
    Ange-FTP Lovers:
      [e-mail] (for submissions)
      /ftp.reed.edu:pub/mailing-lists/ange-ftp/ (archives)

114: AUC TeX -- enhanced LaTeX mode with debugging facilities
  
  Author: Kresten Krab Thorup <[e-mail]>
  Latest released version: 6.1 {???}
  Anonymous FTP:
    /iesd.auc.dk:pub/emacs-lisp/auctex_6_1d.tar.Z                            !
    /iesd.auc.dk:pub/emacs-lisp/auctex.tar.Z                                 !
  Mailing list:
    [e-mail] (for subscriptions)
    [e-mail] (for submissions)
    [e-mail] (auc-tex development team)
  

  
  Primary Maintainer: Jamie Zawinski <[e-mail]>
  Other Developers: Eric Benson <[e-mail]>
                    Matthieu Devin <[e-mail]>
                    Harlan Sexton <[e-mail]>
  Latest released version: 19.3
  Anonymous FTP:
    /labrea.stanford.edu:pub/gnu/lucid/lemacs-19.3.tar.Z  (source)
    /labrea.stanford.edu:pub/gnu/lucid/lemacs-19.3-sun4.tar.Z (Sun4binaries)
  Newsgroup and mailing lists:
    Bugs:
      [e-mail] (for subscriptions)
      [e-mail] (for submissions)
    Help:
      [e-mail] (for subscriptions)
      [e-mail] (for submissions)
  
122: Demacs -- GNU Emacs altered to run on MS-DOS on 386/486 machines
  

    /prep.ai.mit.edu:pub/gnu/patch-2.0.12u8.tar.Z
    /prep.ai.mit.edu:pub/gnu/patch-2.0.12g8.tar.Z  (GNU version)
  


----------------------------------------------------------------------       +
Copyright (C) 1990, 1991, 1992 Joseph Brian Wells                            +
Copyright (C) 1992, 1993 Steven Byrnes                                       +
                                                                             +
This list of frequently asked questions about GNU Emacs with answers         +
("FAQ") may be translated into other languages, transformed into other       +
formats (e.g. Texinfo, Info, WWW, WAIS, etc.), and updated with new          +
information.  The same conditions apply to any derivative of the FAQ as      +
apply to the FAQ itself.  Every copy of the FAQ must include this notice     +
or an approved translation, information on who is currently maintaining      +
the FAQ and how to contact them (including their e-mail address), and        +
information on where the latest version of the FAQ is archived (including    +
FTP information).  The FAQ may be copied and redistributed under these       +
conditions, except that the FAQ may not be embedded in a larger literary     +
work unless that work itself allows free copying and redistribution.         +


                    GNU Emacs FAQ: Keybindings/Output

If you are viewing this text in a GNU Emacs Buffer, you can type "M-2 C-x $" to
get an overview of just the questions.  Then, when you want to look at the text
of the answers, just type "C-x $".

  on Johan Widen's earlier work, Johan Vromans <[e-mail]> has updated this
  patch for Emacs 18.58 along with some other 8-bit improvements.
  
  Anonymous FTP:
    /ftp.eu.net:gnu/emacs/FP-EightBit.Z
    /ftp.urc.tue.nl:/pub/tex/emacs/FP-EightBit                               +
    /cs.purdue.edu:pub/ygz/cemacs.tar.Z:cemacs/8bit-patch-18.57
    /sics.se:archive/emacs-18.55-8bit-diff
    /laas.laas.fr:pub/emacs/patch-8bit-18.55
    /laas.laas.fr:pub/emacs/patch-8bit-18.57
  
  Via e-mail:
    To: [e-mail]
    body: send emacs-18.55-8bit-diff
  
  Anders Edenbrandt <[e-mail]> has produced a more comprehensive
  patch for Emacs 18.59 that allows for 8-bit input and output.              !
  
  Anonymous FTP:
    /ftp.efd.lth.se:pub/gnu/emacs_8-bit.patch                                !
                                                                             !
  In the words of the author:                                                !
                                                                             !
    With these patches, Emacs becomes fully 8-bit operational.  There is     !
    support for displaying 8-bit characters, as well as for entering such    !
    characters from the keyboard.  In addition, upcase/lowcase tranlatsion   !
    is supported, accented characters are recognized as "letters" (important !
    when doing 'forward-word', for example), and text with 8-bit characters  !
    can be sorted correctly.                                                 !
                                                                             !
    A Meta-shift key can still be used, provided that you run in an          !
    environment where it is possible to distinguish between a character      !
    entered using the Meta-shift key and one entered directly. The diffs     !
    include patches to make this work under SunView (with emacstool) as      !
    well as under X.  If you can't use a Meta-shift key, you have to enter   !
    Meta-commands with the ESC-prefix.                                       !

  The most comprehensive patches for 8-bit output are by Howard Gayle
  (originally for Emacs 18.55.  These patches allow displaying any arbitrary
  string for a given 8-bit character (except TAB and C-j).  Also supported
  is defining the sorting order and the uppercase and lowercase
  translations.  It is reported that the 8-bit character support in Emacs 19
  is largely based on these patches.  Thomas Bellman
  <[e-mail]> has updated these patches for Emacs 18.59.        !
  
  Anonymous FTP:
    /sics.se:archive/emacs-gayle.tar.Z  (patches for 18.55)
    /ftp.lysator.liu.se:pub/emacs/gayle-18.58.diff.tar.Z  (patches)          !
    /ftp.lysator.liu.se:pub/emacs/emacs-18.59-gayle.tar.Z  (patched Emacs)   !
  
  Epoch's 8-bit character support is based on Anders Edenbrandt's patches.   !
  Lucid Emacs has the ctl-arrow patch installed.  Nemacs displays 8-bit
  characters, and it may be useful for displaying the 8-bit ISO-8859
  alphabet, but I don't know for sure (see question 149).
  
148: How do I input 8-bit characters?

  
  Nemacs 3.3.2 (Nihongo GNU Emacs) is a modified version of GNU Emacs 18.55
  that handles kanji characters.  It is available via anonymous FTP:
  
    /crl.nmsu.edu:pub/misc/nemacs-3.3.2.tar.Z
    /miki.cs.titech.ac.jp:JAPAN/nemacs/nemacs-3.3.2.tar.Z                    -
  
  You might also need files for "wnn", a kanji input method
  (wnn-4.0.3{-README,.tar.Z} {on which machine?}).  You need a terminal (or
  terminal emulator) that can display text encoded in JIS, Shift-JIS, or EUC
  (Extended Unix Code), or the ability to run Nemacs as a direct X Window

  Warren Burstein <[e-mail]> says he has mapped 7-bit keys by
  modifying self-insert-command "for Hebrew input on 7-bit keyboards".
  
  A good suggestion is to query archie for files named with `hebrew'.
  


----------------------------------------------------------------------       +
Copyright (C) 1990, 1991, 1992 Joseph Brian Wells                            +
Copyright (C) 1992, 1993 Steven Byrnes                                       +
                                                                             +
This list of frequently asked questions about GNU Emacs with answers         +
("FAQ") may be translated into other languages, transformed into other       +
formats (e.g. Texinfo, Info, WWW, WAIS, etc.), and updated with new          +
information.  The same conditions apply to any derivative of the FAQ as      +
apply to the FAQ itself.  Every copy of the FAQ must include this notice     +
or an approved translation, information on who is currently maintaining      +
the FAQ and how to contact them (including their e-mail address), and        +
information on where the latest version of the FAQ is archived (including    +
FTP information).  The FAQ may be copied and redistributed under these       +
conditions, except that the FAQ may not be embedded in a larger literary     +
work unless that work itself allows free copying and redistribution.         +


                       GNU Emacs FAQ: Mail and News

This portion of the GNU Emacs FAQ list is cross-posted to `gnu.emacs.gnus'
because many of the questions herein deal with GNUS.  See `gnu.emacs.help' for
the rest of the FAQ list.

  automatically.
  
164: When I try to post a long article in GNUS (about 10K or longer), I get
 the error, "Writing to process: no more processes, nntpd"
  
  Upgrade to Emacs 18.58 or higher.                                          +
  
165: How do I save all the items of a multi-part posting in GNUS?
  
  Use gnus-mark.el by Jamie Zawinski <[e-mail]>.
  

  already there.  If it is invalid, the article will not be forwarded
  properly.  Quick fix:
  
    (defun gnus-inews-date () nil)
  
  This is not fixed as of GNUS 3.14.1.                                       !
  
175: Why doesn't GNUS generate the `Lines:' header?
  
  GNUS was written for B news, which would generate the `Lines:' header.  C
  news doesn't.  There is a comment in C news's `inews' that you can

                      (gnus-Subject-clear-mark-forward 1))))
               t)
  


----------------------------------------------------------------------       +
Copyright (C) 1990, 1991, 1992 Joseph Brian Wells                            +
Copyright (C) 1992, 1993 Steven Byrnes                                       +
                                                                             +
This list of frequently asked questions about GNU Emacs with answers         +
("FAQ") may be translated into other languages, transformed into other       +
formats (e.g. Texinfo, Info, WWW, WAIS, etc.), and updated with new          +
information.  The same conditions apply to any derivative of the FAQ as      +
apply to the FAQ itself.  Every copy of the FAQ must include this notice     +
or an approved translation, information on who is currently maintaining      +
the FAQ and how to contact them (including their e-mail address), and        +
information on where the latest version of the FAQ is archived (including    +
FTP information).  The FAQ may be copied and redistributed under these       +
conditions, except that the FAQ may not be embedded in a larger literary     +
work unless that work itself allows free copying and redistribution.         +


                          GNU Emacs FAQ: Changes

The latest version of the GNU Emacs FAQ has changed from the previous version.
This article shows the changed text.  The contents of this article are from the
output of `diff -wu2'.  Since the question numbers are generated automatically
and can change, these are stripped from both versions before comparing them.
After generating the differences for each part, they were concatenated and then
edited to remove as much noise as possible.  You can't use this as a patch.

-- 
Steven Byrnes <[e-mail]> (and Joe Wells <[e-mail]>)

E-mail [e-mail] for details about the League for Programming Freedom.

----------------------------------------------------------------------


@@ -225,9 +225,8 @@
   
     Anonymous FTP:
-      /prep.ai.mit.edu:/pub/gnu/emacs/MailingListArchives/
+      /prep.ai.mit.edu:/pub/gnu/MailingListArchives/
   
-  {There was a WAIS database named `comp-emacs' on lambada.oit.unc.edu that
-  makes available the last 10 days of articles in comp.emacs.  It appears to
-  have died.  Anyone know if it moved?}
+  There is a WAIS database named `comp.emacs' on wais.oit.unc.edu that
+  makes available the last few days of articles in comp.emacs.
   
 QQQ: Where should I report bugs and other problems with GNU Emacs?

@@ -612,5 +611,5 @@
     it might (or might not) do some good to complain to your news
     administrator, because the most recent FAQ should not expire before
-    November 21, 1992.
+    March 6, 1993.
   
   * Via anonymous FTP.  You can fetch the FAQ articles via anonymous FTP
@@ -642,6 +641,6 @@
   * In the GNU Emacs distribution.  Since GNU Emacs 18.56, the latest
     available version of the FAQ at the time of release has been part of the
-    GNU Emacs distribution as file etc/FAQ.  18.58 is the latest version,
-    and it was released in February 1992.
+    GNU Emacs distribution as file etc/FAQ.  18.59 is the latest version,
+    and it was released in October 1992.
   
   * There is an old version of the FAQ list available for FTP in the GNU
@@ -677,5 +676,5 @@
 QQQ: What is the latest version of GNU Emacs?
   
-  GNU Emacs 18.58 is the current version.  Fixes from 18.57 include better
+  GNU Emacs 18.59 is the current version.  Fixes from 18.57 include better
   mail address parsing, an X visual bell speedup, a call-process
   enhancement, a regexp matching change, the ability to apply a numeric
@@ -698,5 +697,5 @@
   which is a good sign.
   
-  Lucid has released Lucid GNU Emacs 19.2, which is based on an early
+  Lucid has released Lucid GNU Emacs 19.3, which is based on an early
   unreleased version of GNU Emacs 19.  This will be similar to Emacs 19 when
   it finally arrives, but they are not the same.  See question QQQ.
 
@@ -185,5 +185,5 @@
   
   There are ways to get highlighting (reverse video, inverse video) in GNU
-  Emacs 18.58, but either they require patching the C code of Emacs and
+  Emacs 18.59, but either they require patching the C code of Emacs and
   rebuilding, or they are slow and the highlighting disappears if you scroll
   or redraw the screen and it can not follow the point.  Howard Gayle's
@@ -194,5 +194,6 @@
   <[e-mail]>), which is available for FTP:
   
-    /laas.laas.fr:pub/emacs/patch-X11-18.5{5,7}
+    /laas.laas.fr:pub/emacs/patch-X11-18.55
+    /laas.laas.fr:pub/emacs/patch-X11-18.57
   
   You can highlight regions in a variety of ways in Epoch and Lucid Emacs.
@@ -241,5 +242,5 @@
   Trinkle.  A more recent version is available via FTP:
   
-    /arthur.cs.purdue.edu:pub/trinkle/detex-2.3.tar.Z
+    /arthur.cs.purdue.edu:pub/trinkle/detex-2.4.tar
   
   Raphael Cerf <[e-mail]> recently released a program for this
@@ -428,7 +429,8 @@
   
   Under versions of Emacs before 18.58, the bell volume was annoying loud
-  and difficult to turn off.  So upgrading to 18.58 will reduce the volume.
-  If you want to turn it off completely, use `xset'.  There is no way to
-  turn the bell off just for Emacs without affecting all other programs.
+  and difficult to turn off.  So upgrading to 18.58 or higher will reduce
+  the volume.  If you want to turn it off completely, use `xset'.  There is
+  no way to turn the bell off just for Emacs without affecting all other
+  programs.
   
   Under Epoch you can do:
@@ -585,7 +587,7 @@
   
   Anonymous FTP:
-    /csi.jpl.nasa.gov:pub/emacs.patch1  (Matt Wette)
+    /csi.jpl.nasa.gov:pub/emax.patch1  (Matt Wette)
     /ftp.eu.net:gnu/emacs/FP-Xfun.Z  (Johan Vromans)
-    /ftp.urc.tue.nl:pub/tex/emacs/FP-Xfun  (Johan Vromans)
+    /ftp.urc.tue.nl:/pub/tex/emacs/FP-Xfun  (Johan Vromans)
   
 QQQ: How do I use regexps (regular expressions) in Emacs?
@@ -664,4 +666,7 @@
 QQQ: Why can't Emacs find files in current directory on startup?
   
+  The PWD bug has been fixed as of GNU Emacs 18.59.  Read on if you are
+  running an older version of Emacs.
+
   Most likely, you have an environment variable named PWD that is set to a
   value other than the name of your current directory.  This is most
@@ -670,6 +675,7 @@
   variable, but `sh' doesn't.  If you start sh from ksh, change your
   current directory inside sh, and then start Emacs from inside sh, PWD
-  will have the wrong value but Emacs will use this value.  See the
-  etc/OPTIONS file for more details.
+  will have the wrong value but Emacs will use this value.  An invalid
+  setting for PWD can also be a problem if you use X Windows and csh on an
+  RS/6000.  See the etc/OPTIONS file for more details.
   
   Perhaps an easier solution is not to use two shells.  The `chsh' program

@@ -50,5 +50,5 @@
   The latest version is always available via anonymous FTP at MIT:
   
-    /prep.ai.mit.edu:pub/gnu/emacs-18.58.tar.Z
+    /prep.ai.mit.edu:pub/gnu/emacs-18.59.tar.Z
   
   See question QQQ.
@@ -130,5 +130,5 @@
     ;; tex-complete|Sebastian Kremer|[e-mail]
     ;; |Minibuffer name completion for editing [La]TeX.
-    ;; |91-03-26|$Revision: 1.12 $|~/packages/tex-complete.el.Z
+    ;; |91-03-26|$Revision: 19.4 $|~/packages/tex-complete.el.Z
   
   Dave Brennan has software which automatically looks for data in this
@@ -231,5 +231,4 @@
   The unofficial HP GNU Emacs is available via anonymous FTP:
   
-    /me10.lbl.gov:pub/interex/HUGE/
     /ee.utah.edu:HUGE/  (PLEASE FTP DURING NON-WORK HOURS!!!)
   
@@ -301,13 +300,9 @@
     are different from GNU Emacs.  It is rumored that MicroEmacs can not
     correctly edit files larger than memory.  The author is Daniel Lawrence
-    <[e-mail], [e-mail], [e-mail]>.  The
-    latest version is 3.10 and it is available via anonymous FTP:
+    <[e-mail], mdbs![e-mail]>.  The latest version is 3.11
+    and it is available via anonymous FTP:
   
-      /midas.mgmt.purdue.edu:  (non-working hours only)
-      /durer.cme.nist.gov:
-      /wuarchive.wustl.edu:/mirrors/msdos/memacs/
+      /wuarchive.wustl.edu:/mirrors/msdos/uemacs/
   
-    Version 3.11 is in beta test.
-  
   * JOVE
   
@@ -318,7 +313,5 @@
     available via anonymous FTP:
   
-      /cs.rochester.edu:/pub/jove.tar.4.14.Z
-      /cs.toronto.edu:/pub/moraes/jove4.14.3.tar.Z
-      /ftp.uu.net:
+      /cs.toronto.edu:/pub/moraes/jove4.14.7.tar.Z
   
   * MG
@@ -584,5 +577,5 @@
     /alpha.gnu.ai.mit.edu:ange-ftp/ange-ftp.tar.Z
     /archive.cis.ohio-state.edu:pub/gnu/emacs/elisp-archive/packages/ange-ftp.tar.Z
-    ugle.unit.no:pub/gnu/emacs-lisp/ange-ftp.tar.Z
+    /ugle.unit.no:pub/gnu/emacs-lisp/ange-ftp.tar.Z
   Mailing lists:
     [e-mail] (for subscriptions)
@@ -618,6 +611,6 @@
   Latest released version: 6.1 {???}
   Anonymous FTP:
-    /iesd.auc.dk:pub/emacs-lisp/auctex_5_6e.tar.Z  {wrong}
-    /iesd.auc.dk:pub/emacs-lisp/auc-tex.tar.Z
+    /iesd.auc.dk:pub/emacs-lisp/auctex_6_1d.tar.Z
+    /iesd.auc.dk:pub/emacs-lisp/auctex.tar.Z
   Mailing list:
     [e-mail] (for subscriptions)

@@ -854,5 +854,5 @@
   Anonymous FTP:
     /ftp.eu.net:gnu/emacs/FP-EightBit.Z
-    /ftp.urc.tue.nl:pub/tex/emacs/FP-EightBit
+    /ftp.urc.tue.nl:/pub/tex/emacs/FP-EightBit
     /cs.purdue.edu:pub/ygz/cemacs.tar.Z:cemacs/8bit-patch-18.57
     /sics.se:archive/emacs-18.55-8bit-diff
@@ -865,10 +865,25 @@
   
   Anders Edenbrandt <[e-mail]> has produced a more comprehensive
-  patch for Emacs 18.57 that allows for 8-bit input and output.
+  patch for Emacs 18.59 that allows for 8-bit input and output.
   
   Anonymous FTP:
-    /sics.se:archive/emacs-8bit-diff-lth
-    /gatekeeper.dec.com:pub/GNU/DS-emacs-18.57-8bit-diff-lth
+    /ftp.efd.lth.se:pub/gnu/emacs_8-bit.patch
   
+  In the words of the author:
+
+    With these patches, Emacs becomes fully 8-bit operational.  There is
+    support for displaying 8-bit characters, as well as for entering such
+    characters from the keyboard.  In addition, upcase/lowcase tranlatsion
+    is supported, accented characters are recognized as "letters" (important
+    when doing 'forward-word', for example), and text with 8-bit characters
+    can be sorted correctly.
+
+    A Meta-shift key can still be used, provided that you run in an
+    environment where it is possible to distinguish between a character
+    entered using the Meta-shift key and one entered directly. The diffs
+    include patches to make this work under SunView (with emacstool) as
+    well as under X.  If you can't use a Meta-shift key, you have to enter
+    Meta-commands with the ESC-prefix.
+
   The most comprehensive patches for 8-bit output are by Howard Gayle
   (originally for Emacs 18.55.  These patches allow displaying any arbitrary
@@ -877,15 +892,15 @@
   translations.  It is reported that the 8-bit character support in Emacs 19
   is largely based on these patches.  Thomas Bellman
-  <[e-mail]> has updated these patches for Emacs 18.57.
+  <[e-mail]> has updated these patches for Emacs 18.59.
   
   Anonymous FTP:
     /sics.se:archive/emacs-gayle.tar.Z  (patches for 18.55)
-    /ftp.lysator.liu.se:pub/emacs/gayle-18.57.diff.tar.Z  (patches)
-    /ftp.lysator.liu.se:pub/emacs/emacs-18.57-gayle.tar.Z  (patched Emacs)
+    /ftp.lysator.liu.se:pub/emacs/gayle-18.58.diff.tar.Z  (patches)
+    /ftp.lysator.liu.se:pub/emacs/emacs-18.59-gayle.tar.Z  (patched Emacs)
   
-  I am not sure if Epoch can display 8-bit characters as is.  Lucid Emacs
-  has the ctl-arrow patch installed.  Nemacs displays 8-bit characters, and
-  it may be useful for displaying the 8-bit ISO-8859 alphabet, but I don't
-  know for sure (see question QQQ).
+  Epoch's 8-bit character support is based on Anders Edenbrandt's patches.
+  Lucid Emacs has the ctl-arrow patch installed.  Nemacs displays 8-bit
+  characters, and it may be useful for displaying the 8-bit ISO-8859
+  alphabet, but I don't know for sure (see question QQQ).
   
 QQQ: How do I input 8-bit characters?
@@ -922,5 +937,4 @@
   
     /crl.nmsu.edu:pub/misc/nemacs-3.3.2.tar.Z
-    /uhccux.uhcc.hawaii.edu:editors/Nemacs-3.3.2/
     /miki.cs.titech.ac.jp:JAPAN/nemacs/nemacs-3.3.2.tar.Z

@@ -271,5 +271,5 @@
  the error, "Writing to process: no more processes, nntpd"
   
-  Upgrade to Emacs 18.58.
+  Upgrade to Emacs 18.58 or higher.
   
 QQQ: How do I save all the items of a multi-part posting in GNUS?
@@ -390,6 +390,5 @@
     (defun gnus-inews-date () nil)
   
-  I think this is fixed in GNUS 3.14.1 if you set gnus-news-system {?} to
-  Cnews.
+  This is not fixed as of GNUS 3.14.1.
   
 QQQ: Why doesn't GNUS generate the `Lines:' header?
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Copyright (C) 1990, 1991, 1992 Joseph Brian Wells
Copyright (C) 1992, 1993 Steven Byrnes

This list of frequently asked questions about GNU Emacs with answers

the FAQ and how to contact them (including their e-mail address), and
information on where the latest version of the FAQ is archived (including
FTP information).  The FAQ may be copied and redistributed under these
conditions, except that the FAQ may not be embedded in a larger literary
work unless that work itself allows free copying and redistribution.

2703:8ea617fb9603

                       GNU Emacs FAQ: Introduction

[To find what has changed, see the "Changes" posting.]

[The FAQ post date slipped big-time this time.  Now that school is over
 with and I can get on with the rest of my life, posting should become a
 lot more regular. - sbyrnes]

This is the introduction to a list of frequently asked questions (FAQ) about
GNU Emacs with answers.  This article contains a listing of the questions;
subsequent articles contain the questions and answers.

174: Why is the GNUS-generated `Date:' header invalid?
175: Why doesn't GNUS generate the `Lines:' header?
176: Why do I get "Cannot open load file" "nntp" when compiling GNUS?
177: How do I kill all articles in GNUS but those matching a pattern?

	
               GNU Emacs FAQ: Notation/General/Help/Status

If you are viewing this text in a GNU Emacs Buffer, you can type "M-2 C-x $" to
get an overview of just the questions.  Then, when you want to look at the text
of the answers, just type "C-x $".

  years, although there may be some unintentional gaps in coverage.  The
  archive is not particularly well organized or easy to retrieve individual
  postings from, but pretty much everything is there.
  
    Anonymous FTP:
      /prep.ai.mit.edu:/pub/gnu/MailingListArchives/
  
  There is a WAIS database named `comp.emacs' on wais.oit.unc.edu that
  makes available the last few days of articles in comp.emacs.
  
10:  Where should I report bugs and other problems with GNU Emacs?
  
  The correct way to report GNU Emacs bugs is by e-mail to
  [e-mail].  Anything sent here also appears in the

  300 page manual yourself (see question 18).
  
  If you absolutely have to print your own copy, and you don't have TeX, you
  can get a PostScript version via anonymous FTP:
  
    /cs.ubc.ca:pub/archive/gnu/manuals_ps/emacs-18.57.ps.Z                   !
  
  which site requests that you please CONFINE ANY MAJOR FTPING TO LATE
  EVENINGS OR EARLY MORNINGS OUR TIME (pacific time zone, GMT-8)).  A DVI
  version is also available via FTP:
  

    believe there are others.  Dave's info.el also handles compressed Info
    files.
  
    Anonymous FTP:
      /archive.cis.ohio-state.edu:modes/info.el.Z
      /ftp.uu.net:languages/emacs-lisp/modes/info.el.Z                       !
  
    According to Jay Bourland <[e-mail]>, a version of Dave's
    info.el comes with `xinfo' (see question 19).
  
18:  How do I print a Texinfo file?

    In GNUS, you should type "C-u G" from the *Subject* buffer or "C-u SPC"
    from the *Newsgroup* buffer to view all articles in a newsgroup.
  
    The FAQ articles' message IDs are:
  
      <[e-mail]>                           !
      <[e-mail]>                           !
      <[e-mail]>                           !
      <[e-mail]>                           !
      <[e-mail]>                           !
      <[e-mail]>                           !
  
    If you are viewing this in the GNUS *Article* buffer, you can move point
    within one of the above message IDs and type "r" to fetch the referenced
    article.  Type "o" in the *Article* buffer to restore the previous
    contents.  If this text is not in the GNUS *Article* buffer, use M-r
    from the *Subject* buffer instead.
  
    If the FAQ articles have expired and been deleted from your news spool,
    it might (or might not) do some good to complain to your news
    administrator, because the most recent FAQ should not expire before
    July 3, 1993.                                                            !
  
  * Via anonymous FTP.  You can fetch the FAQ articles via anonymous FTP
  
      /rtfm.mit.edu:pub/usenet/news.answers/GNU-Emacs-FAQ/ part*
  

    article level instead of at the question level.  This is a better place
    to look if you want to fetch the entire FAQ.
  
  * In the GNU Emacs distribution.  Since GNU Emacs 18.56, the latest
    available version of the FAQ at the time of release has been part of the
    GNU Emacs distribution as file etc/FAQ.  18.59 is the latest version,
    and it was released in October 1992.
  
  * There is an old version of the FAQ list available for FTP in the GNU
    archives at MIT:
  
      /prep.ai.mit.edu:pub/gnu/GNUinfo/FAQ.emacs

  Steele <[e-mail]> as a project to unify the many divergent TECO
  command sets and keybindings at MIT.
  
  Many people have told me that TECO code looks a lot like line noise.  See
  alt.lang.teco if you are interested.  I think someone has written a TECO
   implementation in Emacs Lisp.  It would be an interesting project to run
  the original TECO Emacs inside of GNU Emacs.
  
24:  What is the latest version of GNU Emacs?
  
  GNU Emacs 18.59 is the current version.  Fixes from 18.57 include better
  mail address parsing, an X visual bell speedup, a call-process
  enhancement, a regexp matching change, the ability to apply a numeric
  argument to a self-inserting digit, getting X resource values from the
  RESOURCE_MANAGER property, more reliable shell mode job control, and a
  change to copy-keymap.  Also, support has been added for many new system

  To visit a file with information about what has changed in recent
  versions, type "C-h n".
  
25:  When will GNU Emacs 19 be available?
  
  Richard Stallman recently (February 19, 1993) posted in gnu.emacs.help     !
  the following:                                                             !
                                                                             !
    People should keep in mind that the successor of Emacs 18 does not       !
    come from Lucid.  Its is GNU Emacs 19.  I still can't say exactly when   !
    public release is going to be, but we are about to start testing at a    !
    number of sites.                                                         !
                                                                             !
    GNU Emacs 19 will support a broad spectrum of machines, like Emacs       !
    18.  Ensuring this is the purpose of the testing we are about to do.     !
                                                                             !
    (Please don't volunteer; we have enough pretesters, and if more people   !
    offer, dealing with those messages will slow things down.)               !
                                                                             !
    Once we make sure it is indeed working reliably on various different     !
    systems, we will have a public beta test release.                        !
                                                                             !
    Emacs 19 does support adding properties to ranges of text, and using     !
    these to switch fonts.  In the future, the Epoch people will help        !
    merge support for variable-width fonts.                                  !
                                                                             !
    Meanwhile, I have almost finished updating the Emacs Lisp manual.  Its   !
    next edition will describe Emacs 19.  There will be an announcement      !
    when we know when this edition will be available.                        !

  Lucid has released Lucid GNU Emacs 19.6, which is based on an early        !
  unreleased version of GNU Emacs 19.  This will be similar to Emacs 19 when
  it finally arrives, but they are not the same.  See question 121.
  
  Work has begun on features for Emacs 20.
  

  * Lucid GNU Emacs is derived from an early unreleased version of GNU Emacs
    19.  See question 121 and 92.
  


                 GNU Emacs FAQ: Common Requests/Problems

If you are viewing this text in a GNU Emacs Buffer, you can type "M-2 C-x $" to
get an overview of just the questions.  Then, when you want to look at the text
of the answers, just type "C-x $".

    "[^\t\n\r\f -~]"
  
35:  How can I highlight a region of text in Emacs?
  
  There are ways to get highlighting (reverse video, inverse video) in GNU
  Emacs 18.59, but either they require patching the C code of Emacs and
  rebuilding, or they are slow and the highlighting disappears if you scroll
  or redraw the screen and it can not follow the point.  Howard Gayle's
  patches for 8-bit output appear to allow highlighting (see question
  ^8-bit-output).  Another patch for highlighting is by Kenichi Handa
  <[e-mail]>.  There is a patch for use with X by Andy Norman
  <[e-mail]> (and modified for 18.57 by Matthieu Herrb
  <[e-mail]>), which is available for FTP:
  
    /laas.laas.fr:pub/emacs/patch-X11-18.55
    /laas.laas.fr:pub/emacs/patch-X11-18.57
  
  You can highlight regions in a variety of ways in Epoch and Lucid Emacs.
  GNU Emacs 19 may not be able to just temporarily highlight a region.
  
  Similar comments apply to displaying text in different fonts, except that

  different programs named `detex', all with incompatible options, and a
  very old pair of programs named `detex' and `delatex', which should
  probably be avoided.  The most useful one for Ispell is `detex' by Daniel
  Trinkle.  A more recent version is available via FTP:
  
    /arthur.cs.purdue.edu:pub/trinkle/detex-2.4.tar
  
  Raphael Cerf <[e-mail]> recently released a program for this
  named `xetal':
  
    /spi.ens.fr:pub/unix/tex/

      (setq visible-bell t)
  
47:  How do I turn down the bell volume in Emacs running under X Windows?
  
  Under versions of Emacs before 18.58, the bell volume was annoying loud
  and difficult to turn off.  So upgrading to 18.58 or higher will reduce
  the volume.  If you want to turn it off completely, use `xset'.  There is
  no way to turn the bell off just for Emacs without affecting all other
  programs.
  
  Under Epoch you can do:

  Manavendra K. Thakur <[e-mail]> (for 18.57, plus icon
  geometry) to allow Emacs to start up iconified.  I don't know which of
  these patches work together.
  
  Anonymous FTP:
    /csi.jpl.nasa.gov:pub/emax.patch1  (Matt Wette)
    /ftp.eu.net:gnu/emacs/FP-Xfun.Z  (Johan Vromans)
    /ftp.urc.tue.nl:/pub/tex/emacs/FP-Xfun  (Johan Vromans)
  
60:  How do I use regexps (regular expressions) in Emacs?
  
  See `Regexps' in the online manual.
  

    /ireq-robot.hydro.qc.ca:pub/emacs/lisp/query.el.Z
  
62:  Where is the documentation for `etags'?
  
  `etags' takes options just like a prior version of ctags, so your ctags
  manual (if any) may be useful.  Eoin Woods, in comp.emacs, writes the      !
  following:                                                                 !
                                                                             !
    From reading the source (!) the way I use it is:                         !
                                                                             !
      for f in `find <args>`                                                 !
      do                                                                     !
         etags -at -f ETAGS $f                                               !
      done                                                                   !
                                                                             !
    The "-t" option means to create tags for typedefs as well as functions.  !
    The "-a" option tells it to append to the output file. If you have a     !
    small number of files (up to a few hundred I think) you can use it       !
    direct as:                                                               !
                                                                             !
      etags -f ETAGS file1 file2 file3 ... filen                             !
                                                                             !
    The option list is:                                                      !
                                                                             !
            -f file -  Specify the output file name (Default is "TAGS")      !
            -a      -  Append to the output file. (Default is to rewrite it) !
            -t      -  Create tags for typedefs (default is just functions)  !
            -u      -  Update the output file. Do not re-create it.          !
            -w      -  Suppress warnings                                     !
            -v      -  Create vgrind style indexed output (What is vgrind??) !
            -x      -  Create cxref style output (default is Emacs Tags)     !
            -e      -  Emacs tags style output (the default the way I        !
                       compile it)                                           !
                                                                             !
    Having got it working, it works fine!                                    !
  


Bugs/Problems

    Emacs uses 8-bit tags because that's a little faster on byte-oriented
    machines, but there are only really enough tags to require 6 bits.
  
64:  Why can't Emacs find files in current directory on startup?
  
  The PWD bug has been fixed as of GNU Emacs 18.59.  Read on if you are
  running an older version of Emacs.

  Most likely, you have an environment variable named PWD that is set to a
  value other than the name of your current directory.  This is most
  likely caused by using two different shell programs.  `ksh' and (some
  versions of) `csh' set and maintain the value of the PWD environment
  variable, but `sh' doesn't.  If you start sh from ksh, change your
  current directory inside sh, and then start Emacs from inside sh, PWD
  will have the wrong value but Emacs will use this value.  An invalid
  setting for PWD can also be a problem if you use X Windows and csh on an
  RS/6000.  See the etc/OPTIONS file for more details.
  
  Perhaps an easier solution is not to use two shells.  The `chsh' program
  can often be used to change one's default login shell.
  
  You may have PWD set for other reasons.  Another possibility is that you

  (eg., you are compiling Nemacs), the easiest workaround was to put
  `#define SYSTEM_MALLOC' in src/config.h.
  


                  GNU Emacs FAQ: Getting Emacs/Packages

If you are viewing this text in a GNU Emacs Buffer, you can type "M-2 C-x $" to
get an overview of just the questions.  Then, when you want to look at the text
of the answers, just type "C-x $".

  archive sites.  If you don't already have GNU Emacs, see question 20
  for how to get these two files.
  
  The latest version is always available via anonymous FTP at MIT:
  
    /prep.ai.mit.edu:pub/gnu/emacs-18.59.tar.Z
  
  See question 91.
  
88:  How do I find a GNU Emacs Lisp package that does XXX?
  

  For example:
  
    ;; LCD Archive Entry:
    ;; tex-complete|Sebastian Kremer|[e-mail]
    ;; |Minibuffer name completion for editing [La]TeX.
    ;; |91-03-26|$Revision: 20.5 $|~/packages/tex-complete.el.Z              !
  
  Dave Brennan has software which automatically looks for data in this
  format.  The format is fairly flexible.  The entry ends when a line is
  reached with a different prefix or the seventh field terminator is
  seen.

  
95:  Where can I get the "unofficial HP GNU Emacs"?
  
  The unofficial HP GNU Emacs is available via anonymous FTP:
  
    /ee.utah.edu:HUGE/  (PLEASE FTP DURING NON-WORK HOURS!!!)
  
  and takes about 35 megabytes of disk space to build.  It is useful for
  non-HP machines, but some of the added features will only work under
  HP-UX.
  

  
  * MicroEmacs
  
    MicroEmacs is a descendant of Microemacs {originally by Dave Conroy?}.
    It is programmable in a BASIC-like language.  Many of the keybindings
    are different from GNU Emacs.  The author is Daniel Lawrence             -
    <[e-mail], mdbs![e-mail]>.  The latest version is 3.12 !
    and it is available via anonymous FTP:
  
      /midas.mgmt.purdue.edu:dist/uemacs312/   (outside business hours)      !
                                                                             !
    Version 3.12 includes Windows and Windows NT versions and a DOS          !
    protected mode (DMPI) version.                                           !

  * JOVE
  
    Another Emacs for small machines is JOVE (Jonathan's Own Version of
    Emacs).  The latest official version is 4.14.  There appears to be a
    newer version.  People rumored to be working on JOVE include Mark Moraes
    <[e-mail]> and Bill Marsh <[e-mail]>.  It is
    available via anonymous FTP:
  
      /cs.toronto.edu:/pub/moraes/jove4.14.7.tar.Z
  
  * MG
  
    MG is another descendant of Microemacs.  MG used to stand for
    MicroGNUEmacs, but now just stands for MG.  The look-and-feel of MG is

  
    The set of changes have been posted a number of times three times the
    last 12 months, so they should be widely available.
  
  Richard Levitte <[e-mail]> tells us that there are patches for
  Emacs 18.57, 18.58, and 18.59 available via e-mail:                        !
  
    To: [e-mail]                                              !
    body: SEND EMACS-1857-PATCHES
      or: SEND EMACS-1858-PATCHES
      or: SEND EMACS-1859-PATCHES                                            +
                                                                             +
  or via anonymous ftp at:                                                   +
                                                                             +
      /lucy.merrimack.edu:emacs-1859-patches.share                           +
                                                                             +
  The set of patches weighs in at around 2.7 MB.                             +

104: Where can I get modes for Lex, Yacc/Bison, Bourne Shell, Csh, C++,
 Objective C, Pascal, Awk?
  
  As usual, look in the Lisp Code Directory (see question 88).  For C++,
  if you use lisp-dir-apropos, you must specify the pattern like this:

107: Supercite -- mail and news citation package within Emacs
  
  Author: Barry Warsaw <[e-mail]>
  Mailing list: [e-mail] (for subscriptions)
                [e-mail] (for submissions)
  Latest version: 2.3                                                        !
  Anonymous FTP:
    /archive.cis.ohio-state.edu:pub/gnu/emacs/elisp-archive/packages/sc-2.3.tar.Z !
    /ftp.cme.nist.gov:pub/gnu/sc2.3.tar.Z                                    !
  Via e-mail:
    To: [e-mail]
    Subject: help
  NOTE: Superyank is an old version of Supercite.
  

  
  Author: Masanobu Umeda <[e-mail]>
  Latest official version: 3.13
  Unofficial test version: 3.14.1
  Anonymous FTP:
    /aun.uninett.no:pub/gnus-3.14.1.tar.Z                                    -
    /wnoc-fuk.wide.ad.jp:pub/GNU/etc/gnus-3.14.1.tar.Z
    /liasun3.epfl.ch:pub/gnu/emacs/gnus-3.14.1.tar.Z
    /aix370.rrz.uni-koeln.de:/pub/gnu/emacs/gnus-3.14.1.tar.Z
    /funet.fi:/networking/news/gnus-3.14.1.tar.Z
    /src.doc.ic.ac.uk:/gnu/EmacsBits/gnus/gnus-3.14.1.tar.Z

  Author: Andy Norman <[e-mail]>
  Latest official version: 4.20
  Anonymous FTP:
    /alpha.gnu.ai.mit.edu:ange-ftp/ange-ftp.tar.Z
    /archive.cis.ohio-state.edu:pub/gnu/emacs/elisp-archive/packages/ange-ftp.tar.Z
    /ugle.unit.no:pub/gnu/emacs-lisp/ange-ftp.tar.Z
  Mailing lists:
    [e-mail] (for subscriptions)
    Ange-FTP Lovers:
      [e-mail] (for submissions)
      /ftp.reed.edu:pub/mailing-lists/ange-ftp/ (archives)

114: AUC TeX -- enhanced LaTeX mode with debugging facilities
  
  Author: Kresten Krab Thorup <[e-mail]>
  Latest released version: 6.1 {???}
  Anonymous FTP:
    /iesd.auc.dk:pub/emacs-lisp/auctex_6_1d.tar.Z
    /iesd.auc.dk:pub/emacs-lisp/auctex.tar.Z
  Mailing list:
    [e-mail] (for subscriptions)
    [e-mail] (for submissions)
    [e-mail] (auc-tex development team)
  

  
  Primary Maintainer: Jamie Zawinski <[e-mail]>
  Other Developers: Eric Benson <[e-mail]>
                    Matthieu Devin <[e-mail]>
                    Harlan Sexton <[e-mail]>
  Latest released version: 19.6                                              !
  Anonymous FTP:
    /labrea.stanford.edu:pub/gnu/lucid/lemacs-19.6.tar.Z  (source)           !
    /labrea.stanford.edu:pub/gnu/lucid/lemacs-19.6-sun4.tar.Z (Sun4binaries) !
  Newsgroup and mailing lists:
    Bugs:
      alt.lucid-emacs.bug                                                    +
      [e-mail] (for subscriptions)
      [e-mail] (for submissions)
    Help:
      alt.lucid-emacs.help                                                   +
      [e-mail] (for subscriptions)
      [e-mail] (for submissions)
  
122: Demacs -- GNU Emacs altered to run on MS-DOS on 386/486 machines
  

    /prep.ai.mit.edu:pub/gnu/patch-2.0.12u8.tar.Z
    /prep.ai.mit.edu:pub/gnu/patch-2.0.12g8.tar.Z  (GNU version)
  


                    GNU Emacs FAQ: Keybindings/Output

If you are viewing this text in a GNU Emacs Buffer, you can type "M-2 C-x $" to
get an overview of just the questions.  Then, when you want to look at the text
of the answers, just type "C-x $".

  on Johan Widen's earlier work, Johan Vromans <[e-mail]> has updated this
  patch for Emacs 18.58 along with some other 8-bit improvements.
  
  Anonymous FTP:
    /ftp.eu.net:gnu/emacs/FP-EightBit.Z
    /ftp.urc.tue.nl:/pub/tex/emacs/FP-EightBit
    /cs.purdue.edu:pub/ygz/cemacs.tar.Z:cemacs/8bit-patch-18.57
    /sics.se:archive/emacs-18.55-8bit-diff
    /laas.laas.fr:pub/emacs/patch-8bit-18.55
    /laas.laas.fr:pub/emacs/patch-8bit-18.57
  
  Via e-mail:
    To: [e-mail]
    body: send emacs-18.55-8bit-diff
  
  Anders Edenbrandt <[e-mail]> has produced a more comprehensive
  patch for Emacs 18.59 that allows for 8-bit input and output.
  
  Anonymous FTP:
    /ftp.efd.lth.se:pub/gnu/emacs_8-bit.patch

  In the words of the author:

    With these patches, Emacs becomes fully 8-bit operational.  There is
    support for displaying 8-bit characters, as well as for entering such
    characters from the keyboard.  In addition, upcase/lowcase tranlatsion
    is supported, accented characters are recognized as "letters" (important
    when doing 'forward-word', for example), and text with 8-bit characters
    can be sorted correctly.

    A Meta-shift key can still be used, provided that you run in an
    environment where it is possible to distinguish between a character
    entered using the Meta-shift key and one entered directly. The diffs
    include patches to make this work under SunView (with emacstool) as
    well as under X.  If you can't use a Meta-shift key, you have to enter
    Meta-commands with the ESC-prefix.

  The most comprehensive patches for 8-bit output are by Howard Gayle
  (originally for Emacs 18.55.  These patches allow displaying any arbitrary
  string for a given 8-bit character (except TAB and C-j).  Also supported
  is defining the sorting order and the uppercase and lowercase
  translations.  It is reported that the 8-bit character support in Emacs 19
  is largely based on these patches.  Thomas Bellman
  <[e-mail]> has updated these patches for Emacs 18.59.
  
  Anonymous FTP:
    /sics.se:archive/emacs-gayle.tar.Z  (patches for 18.55)
    /ftp.lysator.liu.se:pub/emacs/gayle-18.58.diff.tar.Z  (patches)
    /ftp.lysator.liu.se:pub/emacs/emacs-18.59-gayle.tar.Z  (patched Emacs)
  
  Epoch's 8-bit character support is based on Anders Edenbrandt's patches.
  Lucid Emacs has the ctl-arrow patch installed.  Nemacs displays 8-bit
  characters, and it may be useful for displaying the 8-bit ISO-8859
  alphabet, but I don't know for sure (see question 149).
  
148: How do I input 8-bit characters?

  
  Nemacs 3.3.2 (Nihongo GNU Emacs) is a modified version of GNU Emacs 18.55
  that handles kanji characters.  It is available via anonymous FTP:
  
    /crl.nmsu.edu:pub/misc/nemacs-3.3.2.tar.Z
    /miki.cs.titech.ac.jp:JAPAN/nemacs/nemacs-3.3.2.tar.Z
  
  You might also need files for "wnn", a kanji input method
  (wnn-4.0.3{-README,.tar.Z} {on which machine?}).  You need a terminal (or
  terminal emulator) that can display text encoded in JIS, Shift-JIS, or EUC
  (Extended Unix Code), or the ability to run Nemacs as a direct X Window

  Warren Burstein <[e-mail]> says he has mapped 7-bit keys by
  modifying self-insert-command "for Hebrew input on 7-bit keyboards".
  
  A good suggestion is to query archie for files named with `hebrew'.
  
                       GNU Emacs FAQ: Mail and News

This portion of the GNU Emacs FAQ list is cross-posted to `gnu.emacs.gnus'
because many of the questions herein deal with GNUS.  See `gnu.emacs.help' for
the rest of the FAQ list.

  automatically.
  
164: When I try to post a long article in GNUS (about 10K or longer), I get
 the error, "Writing to process: no more processes, nntpd"
  
  Upgrade to Emacs 18.58 or higher.
  
165: How do I save all the items of a multi-part posting in GNUS?
  
  Use gnus-mark.el by Jamie Zawinski <[e-mail]>.
  

  already there.  If it is invalid, the article will not be forwarded
  properly.  Quick fix:
  
    (defun gnus-inews-date () nil)
  
  This is not fixed as of GNUS 3.14.1.
  
175: Why doesn't GNUS generate the `Lines:' header?
  
  GNUS was written for B news, which would generate the `Lines:' header.  C
  news doesn't.  There is a comment in C news's `inews' that you can

                      (gnus-Subject-clear-mark-forward 1))))
               t)
  


----------------------------------------------------------------------
Copyright (C) 1990, 1991, 1992 Joseph Brian Wells
Copyright (C) 1992, 1993 Steven Byrnes

This list of frequently asked questions about GNU Emacs with answers

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