Mercurial > emacs
annotate man/cmdargs.texi @ 60266:09052e72c240
(Keymaps): Clarify.
(Format of Keymaps): Update lisp-mode-map example.
(Active Keymaps, Key Lookup): Clarify.
(Changing Key Bindings): Add xref to `kbd'.
(Key Binding Commands, Simple Menu Items): Clarify.
(Mouse Menus, Menu Bar): Clarify.
(Menu Example): Replace print example with menu-bar-replace-menu.
author | Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org> |
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date | Sun, 27 Feb 2005 00:00:41 +0000 |
parents | dd4499d17ce0 |
children | 616254f1bdb6 bbc2e661b93c |
rev | line source |
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25829 | 1 @c This is part of the Emacs manual. |
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2 @c Copyright (C) 1985, 86, 87, 93, 94, 95, 97, |
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3 @c 2001, 03, 04, 2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
25829 | 4 @c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions. |
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5 @node Emacs Invocation, X Resources, GNU Free Documentation License, Top |
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6 @appendix Command Line Arguments for Emacs Invocation |
25829 | 7 @cindex command line arguments |
8 @cindex arguments (command line) | |
9 @cindex options (command line) | |
10 @cindex switches (command line) | |
11 @cindex startup (command line arguments) | |
12 | |
13 GNU Emacs supports command line arguments to request various actions | |
14 when invoking Emacs. These are for compatibility with other editors and | |
15 for sophisticated activities. We don't recommend using them for | |
16 ordinary editing. | |
17 | |
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18 Arguments starting with @samp{-} are @dfn{options}, and so is |
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19 @samp{+@var{linenum}}. All other arguments specify files to visit. |
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20 Emacs visits the specified files while it starts up. The last file |
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21 name on your command line becomes the current buffer; the other files |
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22 are also visited in other buffers. If there are two files, they are |
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23 both displayed; otherwise the last file is displayed along with a |
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24 buffer list that shows what other buffers there are. As with most |
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25 programs, the special argument @samp{--} says that all subsequent |
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26 arguments are file names, not options, even if they start with |
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27 @samp{-}. |
25829 | 28 |
29 Emacs command options can specify many things, such as the size and | |
30 position of the X window Emacs uses, its colors, and so on. A few | |
31 options support advanced usage, such as running Lisp functions on files | |
32 in batch mode. The sections of this chapter describe the available | |
33 options, arranged according to their purpose. | |
34 | |
35 There are two ways of writing options: the short forms that start with | |
36 a single @samp{-}, and the long forms that start with @samp{--}. For | |
37 example, @samp{-d} is a short form and @samp{--display} is the | |
38 corresponding long form. | |
39 | |
40 The long forms with @samp{--} are easier to remember, but longer to | |
41 type. However, you don't have to spell out the whole option name; any | |
42 unambiguous abbreviation is enough. When a long option takes an | |
43 argument, you can use either a space or an equal sign to separate the | |
44 option name and the argument. Thus, you can write either | |
45 @samp{--display sugar-bombs:0.0} or @samp{--display=sugar-bombs:0.0}. | |
46 We recommend an equal sign because it makes the relationship clearer, | |
47 and the tables below always show an equal sign. | |
48 | |
49 @cindex initial options (command line) | |
50 @cindex action options (command line) | |
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51 @vindex command-line-args |
25829 | 52 Most options specify how to initialize Emacs, or set parameters for |
53 the Emacs session. We call them @dfn{initial options}. A few options | |
54 specify things to do: for example, load libraries, call functions, or | |
38745 | 55 terminate Emacs. These are called @dfn{action options}. These and file |
25829 | 56 names together are called @dfn{action arguments}. Emacs processes all |
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57 the action arguments in the order they are written. The @file{.emacs} file |
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58 can access the values of the action arguments as the elements of a list in |
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59 the variable @code{command-line-args}. |
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60 |
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61 |
25829 | 62 |
63 @menu | |
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64 * Action Arguments:: Arguments to visit files, load libraries, |
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65 and call functions. |
25829 | 66 * Initial Options:: Arguments that take effect while starting Emacs. |
67 * Command Example:: Examples of using command line arguments. | |
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68 * Resume Arguments:: Specifying arguments when you resume a running Emacs. |
25829 | 69 * Environment:: Environment variables that Emacs uses. |
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70 * Display X:: Changing the default display and using remote login. |
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71 * Font X:: Choosing a font for text, under X. |
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72 * Colors:: Choosing display colors. |
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73 * Window Size X:: Start-up window size, under X. |
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74 * Borders X:: Internal and external borders, under X. |
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75 * Title X:: Specifying the initial frame's title. |
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76 * Icons X:: Choosing what sort of icon to use, under X. |
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77 * Misc X:: Other display options. |
25829 | 78 @end menu |
79 | |
80 @node Action Arguments | |
81 @appendixsec Action Arguments | |
82 | |
83 Here is a table of the action arguments and options: | |
84 | |
85 @table @samp | |
86 @item @var{file} | |
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87 @opindex --file |
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88 @itemx --file=@var{file} |
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89 @opindex --find-file |
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90 @itemx --find-file=@var{file} |
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91 @opindex --visit |
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92 @itemx --visit=@var{file} |
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93 @cindex visiting files, command-line argument |
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94 @vindex inhibit-startup-buffer-menu |
25829 | 95 Visit @var{file} using @code{find-file}. @xref{Visiting}. |
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96 If you visit several files at startup in this way, Emacs |
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97 also displays a Buffer Menu buffer to show you what files it |
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98 has visited. You can inhibit that by setting @code{inhibit-startup-buffer-menu} to @code{t}. |
25829 | 99 |
100 @item +@var{linenum} @var{file} | |
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101 @opindex +@var{linenum} |
25829 | 102 Visit @var{file} using @code{find-file}, then go to line number |
103 @var{linenum} in it. | |
104 | |
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105 @item +@var{linenum}:@var{columnnum} @var{file} |
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106 Visit @var{file} using @code{find-file}, then go to line number |
38745 | 107 @var{linenum} and put point at column number @var{columnnum}. |
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108 |
25829 | 109 @need 3000 |
110 @item -l @var{file} | |
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111 @opindex -l |
25829 | 112 @itemx --load=@var{file} |
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113 @opindex --load |
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114 @cindex loading Lisp libraries, command-line argument |
25829 | 115 Load a Lisp library named @var{file} with the function @code{load}. |
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116 @xref{Lisp Libraries}. If @var{file} is not an absolute file name, |
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117 the library can be found either in the current directory, or in the |
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118 Emacs library search path as specified with @env{EMACSLOADPATH} |
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119 (@pxref{General Variables}). |
25829 | 120 |
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121 @item -L @var{dir} |
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122 @opindex -L |
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123 @itemx --directory=@var{dir} |
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124 @opindex --directory |
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125 Add directory @var{dir} to the variable @code{load-path}. |
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126 |
25829 | 127 @item -f @var{function} |
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128 @opindex -f |
25829 | 129 @itemx --funcall=@var{function} |
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130 @opindex --funcall |
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131 @cindex call Lisp functions, command-line argument |
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132 Call Lisp function @var{function}. If it is an interactive function |
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133 (a command), it reads the arguments interactively just as if you had |
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134 called the same function with a key sequence. Otherwise, it calls the |
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135 function with no arguments. |
25829 | 136 |
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137 @item --eval=@var{expression} |
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138 @opindex --eval |
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139 @itemx --execute=@var{expression} |
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140 @opindex --execute |
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141 @cindex evaluate expression, command-line argument |
25829 | 142 Evaluate Lisp expression @var{expression}. |
143 | |
144 @item --insert=@var{file} | |
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145 @opindex --insert |
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146 @cindex insert file contents, command-line argument |
25829 | 147 Insert the contents of @var{file} into the current buffer. This is like |
148 what @kbd{M-x insert-file} does. @xref{Misc File Ops}. | |
149 | |
150 @item --kill | |
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151 @opindex --kill |
25829 | 152 Exit from Emacs without asking for confirmation. |
153 | |
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154 @item --help |
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155 @opindex --help |
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156 Print a usage message listing all available options, then exit |
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157 successfully. |
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158 |
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159 @item --version |
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160 @opindex --version |
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161 Print Emacs version, then exit successfully. |
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162 @end table |
25829 | 163 |
164 @node Initial Options | |
165 @appendixsec Initial Options | |
166 | |
167 The initial options specify parameters for the Emacs session. This | |
168 section describes the more general initial options; some other options | |
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169 specifically related to the X Window System appear in the following |
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170 sections. |
25829 | 171 |
172 Some initial options affect the loading of init files. The normal | |
173 actions of Emacs are to first load @file{site-start.el} if it exists, | |
174 then your own init file @file{~/.emacs} if it exists, and finally | |
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175 @file{default.el} if it exists. @xref{Init File}. Certain options |
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176 prevent loading of some of these files or substitute other files for |
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177 them. |
25829 | 178 |
179 @table @samp | |
180 @item -t @var{device} | |
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181 @opindex -t |
25829 | 182 @itemx --terminal=@var{device} |
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183 @opindex --terminal |
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184 @cindex device for Emacs terminal I/O |
25829 | 185 Use @var{device} as the device for terminal input and output. |
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186 @samp{--terminal} implies @samp{--no-window-system}. |
25829 | 187 |
188 @item -d @var{display} | |
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189 @opindex -d |
25829 | 190 @itemx --display=@var{display} |
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191 @opindex --display |
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192 @cindex display for Emacs frame |
25829 | 193 Use the X Window System and use the display named @var{display} to open |
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194 the initial Emacs frame. @xref{Display X}, for more details. |
25829 | 195 |
196 @item -nw | |
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197 @opindex -nw |
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198 @itemx --no-window-system |
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199 @opindex --no-window-system |
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200 @cindex disable window system |
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201 Don't communicate directly with the window system, disregarding the |
40652 | 202 @env{DISPLAY} environment variable even if it is set. This means that |
203 Emacs uses the terminal from which it was launched for all its display | |
204 and input. | |
25829 | 205 |
206 @need 3000 | |
207 @cindex batch mode | |
208 @item -batch | |
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209 @opindex --batch |
25829 | 210 @itemx --batch |
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211 Run Emacs in @dfn{batch mode}. Batch mode is used for running |
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212 programs written in Emacs Lisp from shell scripts, makefiles, and so |
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213 on. You should also use the @samp{-l} option or @samp{-f} option, to |
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214 invoke a Lisp program to do batch processing. |
25829 | 215 |
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216 In batch mode, Emacs does not display the text being edited, and the |
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217 standard terminal interrupt characters such as @kbd{C-z} and @kbd{C-c} |
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218 continue to have their normal effect. The functions @code{prin1}, |
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219 @code{princ} and @code{print} output to @code{stdout} instead of the |
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220 echo area, while @code{message} and error messages output to |
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221 @code{stderr}. Functions that would normally read from the minibuffer |
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222 take their input from @code{stdin} instead. |
25829 | 223 |
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224 @samp{--batch} implies @samp{-q} (do not load an init file), but |
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225 @file{site-start.el} is loaded nonetheless. It also causes Emacs to |
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226 exit after processing all the command options. In addition, it |
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227 disables auto-saving except in buffers for which it has been |
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228 explicitly requested. |
25829 | 229 |
47323 | 230 @item --script @var{file} |
231 @opindex --script | |
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232 @cindex script mode |
47323 | 233 Run Emacs in batch mode, like @samp{--batch}, and then read and |
234 execute the Lisp code in @var{file}. | |
235 | |
236 The normal use of this option is in executable script files that run | |
237 Emacs. They can start with this text on the first line | |
238 | |
239 @example | |
240 #!/usr/bin/emacs --script | |
241 @end example | |
242 | |
243 @noindent | |
244 which will invoke Emacs with @samp{--script} and supply the name of | |
245 the script file as @var{file}. Emacs Lisp then treats @samp{#!} as a | |
246 comment delimiter. | |
247 | |
25829 | 248 @item -q |
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249 @opindex -q |
25829 | 250 @itemx --no-init-file |
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251 @opindex --no-init-file |
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252 @cindex bypassing init and @file{default.el} file |
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253 @cindex init file, not loading |
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254 @cindex @file{default.el} file, not loading |
25829 | 255 Do not load your Emacs init file @file{~/.emacs}, or @file{default.el} |
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256 either. Regardless of this switch, @file{site-start.el} is still loaded. |
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257 When invoked like this, Emacs does not allow saving options |
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258 changed with the @kbd{M-x customize} command and its variants. |
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259 @xref{Easy Customization}. |
25829 | 260 |
261 @item --no-site-file | |
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262 @opindex --no-site-file |
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263 @cindex @file{site-start.el} file, not loading |
25829 | 264 Do not load @file{site-start.el}. The options @samp{-q}, @samp{-u} |
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265 and @samp{--batch} have no effect on the loading of this file---this |
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266 option and @samp{-Q} are the only options that block it. |
25829 | 267 |
54899 | 268 @item -Q |
269 @opindex -Q | |
270 Start emacs with minimum customizations and window decorations. | |
271 This is like using @samp{-q} and @samp{--no-site-file}, but in | |
272 addition it also disables the menu-bar, the tool-bar, the scroll-bars, | |
273 tool tips, the blinking cursor, and the fancy startup screen. | |
274 | |
45532 | 275 @item --no-splash |
276 @opindex --no-splash | |
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277 @vindex inhibit-startup-message |
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278 Do not display a splash screen on startup; this is equivalent to |
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279 setting the variable @code{inhibit-startup-message} to non-@code{nil}. |
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280 |
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281 @item --no-desktop |
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282 @opindex --no-desktop |
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283 Do not reload any saved desktop. @xref{Saving Emacs Sessions}. |
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284 |
25829 | 285 @item -u @var{user} |
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286 @opindex -u |
25829 | 287 @itemx --user=@var{user} |
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288 @opindex --user |
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289 @cindex load init file of another user |
25829 | 290 Load @var{user}'s Emacs init file @file{~@var{user}/.emacs} instead of |
291 your own. | |
292 | |
293 @item --debug-init | |
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294 @opindex --debug-init |
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295 @cindex errors in init file |
25829 | 296 Enable the Emacs Lisp debugger for errors in the init file. |
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297 @xref{Error Debugging,, Entering the Debugger on an Error, elisp, The |
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298 GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual}. |
25829 | 299 |
300 @item --unibyte | |
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301 @opindex --unibyte |
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302 @itemx --no-multibyte |
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303 @opindex --no-multibyte |
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304 @cindex unibyte operation, command-line argument |
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305 Do almost everything with single-byte buffers and strings. |
25829 | 306 All buffers and strings are unibyte unless you (or a Lisp program) |
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307 explicitly ask for a multibyte buffer or string. (Note that Emacs |
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308 always loads Lisp files in multibyte mode, even if @samp{--unibyte} is |
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309 specified; see @ref{Enabling Multibyte}.) Setting the environment |
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310 variable @env{EMACS_UNIBYTE} has the same effect |
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311 (@pxref{General Variables}). |
25829 | 312 |
313 @item --multibyte | |
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314 @opindex --multibyte |
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315 @itemx --no-unibyte |
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316 @opindex --no-unibyte |
29107 | 317 Inhibit the effect of @env{EMACS_UNIBYTE}, so that Emacs |
25829 | 318 uses multibyte characters by default, as usual. |
319 @end table | |
320 | |
321 @node Command Example | |
322 @appendixsec Command Argument Example | |
323 | |
324 Here is an example of using Emacs with arguments and options. It | |
325 assumes you have a Lisp program file called @file{hack-c.el} which, when | |
326 loaded, performs some useful operation on the current buffer, expected | |
327 to be a C program. | |
328 | |
329 @example | |
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330 emacs --batch foo.c -l hack-c -f save-buffer >& log |
25829 | 331 @end example |
332 | |
333 @noindent | |
334 This says to visit @file{foo.c}, load @file{hack-c.el} (which makes | |
335 changes in the visited file), save @file{foo.c} (note that | |
336 @code{save-buffer} is the function that @kbd{C-x C-s} is bound to), and | |
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337 then exit back to the shell (because of @samp{--batch}). @samp{--batch} |
25829 | 338 also guarantees there will be no problem redirecting output to |
339 @file{log}, because Emacs will not assume that it has a display terminal | |
340 to work with. | |
341 | |
342 @node Resume Arguments | |
343 @appendixsec Resuming Emacs with Arguments | |
344 | |
345 You can specify action arguments for Emacs when you resume it after | |
346 a suspension. To prepare for this, put the following code in your | |
347 @file{.emacs} file (@pxref{Hooks}): | |
348 | |
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349 @c `resume-suspend-hook' is correct. It is the name of a function. |
25829 | 350 @example |
351 (add-hook 'suspend-hook 'resume-suspend-hook) | |
352 (add-hook 'suspend-resume-hook 'resume-process-args) | |
353 @end example | |
354 | |
355 As further preparation, you must execute the shell script | |
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356 @file{emacs.csh} (if you use csh as your shell) or @file{emacs.bash} |
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357 (if you use bash as your shell). These scripts define an alias named |
25829 | 358 @code{edit}, which will resume Emacs giving it new command line |
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359 arguments such as files to visit. The scripts are found in the |
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360 @file{etc} subdirectory of the Emacs distribution. |
25829 | 361 |
362 Only action arguments work properly when you resume Emacs. Initial | |
363 arguments are not recognized---it's too late to execute them anyway. | |
364 | |
365 Note that resuming Emacs (with or without arguments) must be done from | |
366 within the shell that is the parent of the Emacs job. This is why | |
367 @code{edit} is an alias rather than a program or a shell script. It is | |
368 not possible to implement a resumption command that could be run from | |
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369 other subjobs of the shell; there is no way to define a command that could |
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370 be made the value of @env{EDITOR}, for example. Therefore, this feature |
25829 | 371 does not take the place of the Emacs Server feature (@pxref{Emacs |
372 Server}). | |
373 | |
374 The aliases use the Emacs Server feature if you appear to have a | |
375 server Emacs running. However, they cannot determine this with complete | |
376 accuracy. They may think that a server is still running when in | |
377 actuality you have killed that Emacs, because the file | |
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378 @file{/tmp/esrv@dots{}} still exists. If this happens, find that |
25829 | 379 file and delete it. |
380 | |
381 @node Environment | |
382 @appendixsec Environment Variables | |
383 @cindex environment variables | |
384 | |
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385 The @dfn{environment} is a feature of the operating system; it |
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386 consists of a collection of variables with names and values. Each |
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387 variable is called an @dfn{environment variable}; environment variable |
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388 names are case-sensitive, and it is conventional to use upper case |
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389 letters only. The values are all text strings. |
25829 | 390 |
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391 What makes the environment useful is that subprocesses inherit the |
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392 environment automatically from their parent process. This means you |
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393 can set up an environment variable in your login shell, and all the |
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394 programs you run (including Emacs) will automatically see it. |
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395 Subprocesses of Emacs (such as shells, compilers, and version-control |
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396 software) inherit the environment from Emacs, too. |
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397 |
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398 @findex setenv |
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399 @findex getenv |
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400 Inside Emacs, the command @kbd{M-x getenv} gets the value of an |
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401 environment variable. @kbd{M-x setenv} sets a variable in the Emacs |
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402 environment. (Environment variable substitutions with @samp{$} work |
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403 in the value just as in file names; see @ref{File Names with $}.) |
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404 |
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405 The way to set environment variables outside of Emacs depends on the |
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406 operating system, and especially the shell that you are using. For |
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407 example, here's how to set the environment variable @env{ORGANIZATION} |
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408 to @samp{not very much} using Bash: |
25829 | 409 |
410 @example | |
411 export ORGANIZATION="not very much" | |
412 @end example | |
413 | |
414 @noindent | |
415 and here's how to do it in csh or tcsh: | |
416 | |
417 @example | |
418 setenv ORGANIZATION "not very much" | |
419 @end example | |
420 | |
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421 When Emacs is using the X Window System, various environment |
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422 variables that control X work for Emacs as well. See the X |
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423 documentation for more information. |
25829 | 424 |
425 @menu | |
426 * General Variables:: Environment variables that all versions of Emacs use. | |
427 * Misc Variables:: Certain system-specific variables. | |
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428 * MS-Windows Registry:: An alternative to the environment on MS-Windows. |
25829 | 429 @end menu |
430 | |
431 @node General Variables | |
432 @appendixsubsec General Variables | |
433 | |
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434 Here is an alphabetical list of specific environment variables that |
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435 have special meanings in Emacs, giving the name of each variable and |
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436 its meaning. Most of these variables are also used by some other |
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437 programs. Emacs does not require any of these environment variables |
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438 to be set, but it uses their values if they are set. |
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439 |
29107 | 440 @table @env |
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441 @item CDPATH |
25829 | 442 Used by the @code{cd} command to search for the directory you specify, |
443 when you specify a relative directory name. | |
444 @item EMACS_UNIBYTE | |
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445 @cindex unibyte operation, environment variable |
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446 Defining this environment variable with a nonempty value directs Emacs |
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447 to do almost everything with single-byte buffers and strings. It is |
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448 equivalent to using the @samp{--unibyte} command-line option on each |
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449 invocation. @xref{Initial Options}. |
25829 | 450 @item EMACSDATA |
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451 Directory for the architecture-independent files that come with Emacs. |
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452 This is used to initialize the Lisp variable @code{data-directory}. |
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453 @item EMACSDOC |
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454 Directory for the documentation string file, |
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455 @file{DOC-@var{emacsversion}}. This is used to initialize the Lisp |
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456 variable @code{doc-directory}. |
25829 | 457 @item EMACSLOADPATH |
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458 A colon-separated list of directories@footnote{ |
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459 Here and below, whenever we say ``colon-separated list of directories'', |
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460 it pertains to Unix and GNU/Linux systems. On MS-DOS and MS-Windows, |
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461 the directories are separated by semi-colons instead, since DOS/Windows |
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462 file names might include a colon after a drive letter.} |
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463 to search for Emacs Lisp files---used to initialize @code{load-path}. |
25829 | 464 @item EMACSPATH |
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465 A colon-separated list of directories to search for executable |
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466 files---used to initialize @code{exec-path}. |
25829 | 467 @item ESHELL |
29107 | 468 Used for shell-mode to override the @env{SHELL} environment variable. |
25829 | 469 @item HISTFILE |
470 The name of the file that shell commands are saved in between logins. | |
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471 This variable defaults to @file{~/.bash_history} if you use Bash, to |
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472 @file{~/.sh_history} if you use ksh, and to @file{~/.history} |
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473 otherwise. |
25829 | 474 @item HOME |
475 The location of the user's files in the directory tree; used for | |
476 expansion of file names starting with a tilde (@file{~}). On MS-DOS, it | |
477 defaults to the directory from which Emacs was started, with @samp{/bin} | |
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478 removed from the end if it was present. On Windows, the default value |
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479 of @env{HOME} is @file{C:/}, the root directory of drive @file{C:}. |
25829 | 480 @item HOSTNAME |
481 The name of the machine that Emacs is running on. | |
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482 @item INCPATH |
25829 | 483 A colon-separated list of directories. Used by the @code{complete} package |
484 to search for files. | |
485 @item INFOPATH | |
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486 A colon-separated list of directories in which to search for Info files. |
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487 @item LC_ALL |
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488 @itemx LC_COLLATE |
25829 | 489 @itemx LC_CTYPE |
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490 @itemx LC_MESSAGES |
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491 @itemx LC_MONETARY |
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492 @itemx LC_NUMERIC |
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493 @itemx LC_TIME |
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494 @itemx LANG |
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495 The user's preferred locale. The locale has six categories, specified |
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496 by the environment variables @env{LC_COLLATE} for sorting, |
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497 @env{LC_CTYPE} for character encoding, @env{LC_MESSAGES} for system |
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498 messages, @env{LC_MONETARY} for monetary formats, @env{LC_NUMERIC} for |
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499 numbers, and @env{LC_TIME} for dates and times. If one of these |
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500 variables is not set, the category defaults to the value of the |
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501 @env{LANG} environment variable, or to the default @samp{C} locale if |
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502 @env{LANG} is not set. But if @env{LC_ALL} is specified, it overrides |
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503 the settings of all the other locale environment variables. |
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504 |
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505 On MS-Windows, if @env{LANG} is not already set in the environment |
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506 when Emacs starts, Emacs sets it based on the system-wide default |
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507 language, which you can set in the @samp{Regional Settings} Control Panel |
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508 on some versions of MS-Windows. |
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509 |
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510 The value of the @env{LC_CTYPE} category is |
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511 matched against entries in @code{locale-language-names}, |
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512 @code{locale-charset-language-names}, and |
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513 @code{locale-preferred-coding-systems}, to select a default language |
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514 environment and coding system. @xref{Language Environments}. |
25829 | 515 @item LOGNAME |
29107 | 516 The user's login name. See also @env{USER}. |
25829 | 517 @item MAIL |
518 The name of the user's system mail inbox. | |
519 @item MH | |
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520 Name of setup file for the mh system. (The default is @file{~/.mh_profile}.) |
25829 | 521 @item NAME |
522 The real-world name of the user. | |
523 @item NNTPSERVER | |
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524 The name of the news server. Used by the mh and Gnus packages. |
25829 | 525 @item ORGANIZATION |
526 The name of the organization to which you belong. Used for setting the | |
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527 `Organization:' header in your posts from the Gnus package. |
25829 | 528 @item PATH |
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529 A colon-separated list of directories in which executables reside. This |
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530 is used to initialize the Emacs Lisp variable @code{exec-path}. |
25829 | 531 @item PWD |
532 If set, this should be the default directory when Emacs was started. | |
533 @item REPLYTO | |
534 If set, this specifies an initial value for the variable | |
535 @code{mail-default-reply-to}. @xref{Mail Headers}. | |
536 @item SAVEDIR | |
537 The name of a directory in which news articles are saved by default. | |
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538 Used by the Gnus package. |
25829 | 539 @item SHELL |
540 The name of an interpreter used to parse and execute programs run from | |
541 inside Emacs. | |
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542 @item SMTPSERVER |
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543 The name of the outgoing mail server. Used by the SMTP library |
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544 (@pxref{Top,,Sending mail via SMTP,smtpmail}). |
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545 @cindex background mode, on @command{xterm} |
25829 | 546 @item TERM |
38745 | 547 The type of the terminal that Emacs is using. This variable must be |
25829 | 548 set unless Emacs is run in batch mode. On MS-DOS, it defaults to |
549 @samp{internal}, which specifies a built-in terminal emulation that | |
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550 handles the machine's own display. If the value of @env{TERM} indicates |
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551 that Emacs runs in non-windowed mode from @command{xterm} or a similar |
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552 terminal emulator, the background mode defaults to @samp{light}, and |
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553 Emacs will choose colors that are appropriate for a light background. |
25829 | 554 @item TERMCAP |
555 The name of the termcap library file describing how to program the | |
29107 | 556 terminal specified by the @env{TERM} variable. This defaults to |
25829 | 557 @file{/etc/termcap}. |
558 @item TMPDIR | |
559 Used by the Emerge package as a prefix for temporary files. | |
560 @item TZ | |
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561 This specifies the current time zone and possibly also daylight |
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562 saving time information. On MS-DOS, if @env{TZ} is not set in the |
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563 environment when Emacs starts, Emacs defines a default value as |
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564 appropriate for the country code returned by DOS. On MS-Windows, Emacs |
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565 does not use @env{TZ} at all. |
25829 | 566 @item USER |
29107 | 567 The user's login name. See also @env{LOGNAME}. On MS-DOS, this |
25829 | 568 defaults to @samp{root}. |
569 @item VERSION_CONTROL | |
570 Used to initialize the @code{version-control} variable (@pxref{Backup | |
571 Names}). | |
572 @end table | |
573 | |
574 @node Misc Variables | |
575 @appendixsubsec Miscellaneous Variables | |
576 | |
577 These variables are used only on particular configurations: | |
578 | |
29107 | 579 @table @env |
25829 | 580 @item COMSPEC |
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581 On MS-DOS and MS-Windows, the name of the command interpreter to use |
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582 when invoking batch files and commands internal to the shell. On MS-DOS |
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583 this is also used to make a default value for the @env{SHELL} environment |
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584 variable. |
25829 | 585 |
586 @item NAME | |
29107 | 587 On MS-DOS, this variable defaults to the value of the @env{USER} |
25829 | 588 variable. |
589 | |
590 @item TEMP | |
591 @itemx TMP | |
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592 On MS-DOS and MS-Windows, these specify the name of the directory for |
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593 storing temporary files in. |
25829 | 594 |
595 @item EMACSTEST | |
596 On MS-DOS, this specifies a file to use to log the operation of the | |
597 internal terminal emulator. This feature is useful for submitting bug | |
598 reports. | |
599 | |
600 @item EMACSCOLORS | |
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601 On MS-DOS, this specifies the screen colors. It is useful to set them |
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602 this way, since otherwise Emacs would display the default colors |
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603 momentarily when it starts up. |
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604 |
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605 The value of this variable should be the two-character encoding of the |
25829 | 606 foreground (the first character) and the background (the second |
607 character) colors of the default face. Each character should be the | |
608 hexadecimal code for the desired color on a standard PC text-mode | |
39267 | 609 display. For example, to get blue text on a light gray background, |
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610 specify @samp{EMACSCOLORS=17}, since 1 is the code of the blue color and |
39267 | 611 7 is the code of the light gray color. |
25829 | 612 |
613 The PC display usually supports only eight background colors. However, | |
614 Emacs switches the DOS display to a mode where all 16 colors can be used | |
615 for the background, so all four bits of the background color are | |
616 actually used. | |
617 | |
618 @item WINDOW_GFX | |
619 Used when initializing the Sun windows system. | |
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620 |
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621 @item PRELOAD_WINSOCK |
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622 On MS-Windows, if you set this variable, Emacs will load and initialize |
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623 the network library at startup, instead of waiting until the first |
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624 time it is required. |
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625 |
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626 @item emacs_dir |
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627 On MS-Windows, @env{emacs_dir} is a special environment variable, which |
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628 indicates the full path of the directory in which Emacs is installed. |
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629 If Emacs is installed in the standard directory structure, it |
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630 calculates this value automatically. It is not much use setting this |
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631 variable yourself unless your installation is non-standard, since |
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632 unlike other environment variables, it will be overridden by Emacs at |
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633 startup. When setting other environment variables, such as |
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634 @env{EMACSLOADPATH}, you may find it useful to use @env{emacs_dir} |
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635 rather than hard-coding an absolute path. This allows multiple |
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636 versions of Emacs to share the same environment variable settings, and |
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637 it allows you to move the Emacs installation directory, without |
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638 changing any environment or registry settings. |
25829 | 639 @end table |
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640 |
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641 @node MS-Windows Registry |
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642 @appendixsubsec The MS-Windows System Registry |
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643 @pindex addpm, MS-Windows installation program |
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644 @cindex registry, setting environment variables and resources on MS-Windows |
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645 |
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646 On MS-Windows, the installation program @command{addpm.exe} adds values |
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647 for @env{emacs_dir}, @env{EMACSLOADPATH}, @env{EMACSDATA}, |
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648 @env{EMACSPATH}, @env{EMACSDOC}, @env{SHELL} and @env{TERM} to the |
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649 @file{HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE} section of the system registry, under |
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650 @file{/Software/GNU/Emacs}. It does this because there is no standard |
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651 place to set environment variables across different versions of |
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652 Windows. Running @command{addpm.exe} is no longer strictly |
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653 necessary in recent versions of Emacs, but if you are upgrading from |
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654 an older version, running @command{addpm.exe} ensures that you do not have |
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655 older registry entries from a previous installation, which may not be |
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656 compatible with the latest version of Emacs. |
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657 |
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658 When Emacs starts, as well as checking the environment, it also checks |
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659 the System Registry for those variables and for @env{HOME}, @env{LANG} |
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660 and @env{PRELOAD_WINSOCK}. |
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661 |
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662 To determine the value of those variables, Emacs goes through the |
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663 following procedure. First, the environment is checked. If the |
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664 variable is not found there, Emacs looks for registry keys by that |
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665 name under @file{/Software/GNU/Emacs}; first in the |
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666 @file{HKEY_CURRENT_USER} section of the registry, and if not found |
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667 there, in the @file{HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE} section. Finally, if Emacs |
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668 still cannot determine the values, compiled-in defaults are used. |
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669 |
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670 In addition to the environment variables above, you can also add many |
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671 of the settings which on X belong in the @file{.Xdefaults} file |
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672 (@pxref{X Resources}) to the @file{/Software/GNU/Emacs} registry key. |
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673 Settings you add to the @file{HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE} section will affect |
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674 all users of the machine. Settings you add to the |
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675 @file{HKEY_CURRENT_USER} section will only affect you, and will |
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676 override machine wide settings. |
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677 |
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678 @node Display X |
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679 @appendixsec Specifying the Display Name |
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680 @cindex display name (X Window System) |
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681 @cindex @env{DISPLAY} environment variable |
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682 |
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683 The environment variable @env{DISPLAY} tells all X clients, including |
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684 Emacs, where to display their windows. Its value is set by default |
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685 in ordinary circumstances, when you start an X server and run jobs |
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686 locally. Occasionally you may need to specify the display yourself; for |
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687 example, if you do a remote login and want to run a client program |
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688 remotely, displaying on your local screen. |
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689 |
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690 With Emacs, the main reason people change the default display is to |
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691 let them log into another system, run Emacs on that system, but have the |
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692 window displayed at their local terminal. You might need to log in |
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693 to another system because the files you want to edit are there, or |
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694 because the Emacs executable file you want to run is there. |
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695 |
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696 The syntax of the @env{DISPLAY} environment variable is |
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697 @samp{@var{host}:@var{display}.@var{screen}}, where @var{host} is the |
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698 host name of the X Window System server machine, @var{display} is an |
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699 arbitrarily-assigned number that distinguishes your server (X terminal) |
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700 from other servers on the same machine, and @var{screen} is a |
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701 rarely-used field that allows an X server to control multiple terminal |
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702 screens. The period and the @var{screen} field are optional. If |
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703 included, @var{screen} is usually zero. |
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704 |
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705 For example, if your host is named @samp{glasperle} and your server is |
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706 the first (or perhaps the only) server listed in the configuration, your |
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707 @env{DISPLAY} is @samp{glasperle:0.0}. |
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708 |
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709 You can specify the display name explicitly when you run Emacs, either |
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710 by changing the @env{DISPLAY} variable, or with the option @samp{-d |
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711 @var{display}} or @samp{--display=@var{display}}. Here is an example: |
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712 |
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713 @smallexample |
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714 emacs --display=glasperle:0 & |
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715 @end smallexample |
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716 |
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717 You can inhibit the direct use of the window system and GUI with the |
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718 @samp{-nw} option. It tells Emacs to display using ordinary @acronym{ASCII} on |
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719 its controlling terminal. This is also an initial option. |
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720 |
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721 Sometimes, security arrangements prevent a program on a remote system |
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722 from displaying on your local system. In this case, trying to run Emacs |
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723 produces messages like this: |
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724 |
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725 @smallexample |
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726 Xlib: connection to "glasperle:0.0" refused by server |
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727 @end smallexample |
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728 |
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729 @noindent |
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730 You might be able to overcome this problem by using the @command{xhost} |
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731 command on the local system to give permission for access from your |
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732 remote machine. |
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733 |
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734 @node Font X |
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735 @appendixsec Font Specification Options |
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736 @cindex font name (X Window System) |
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737 |
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738 By default, Emacs displays text in a twelve point Courier font (when |
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739 using X). You can specify a different font on your command line |
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740 through the option @samp{-fn @var{name}} (or @samp{--font}, which is |
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741 an alias for @samp{-fn}). |
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742 |
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743 @table @samp |
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744 @item -fn @var{name} |
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745 @opindex -fn |
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746 @itemx --font=@var{name} |
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747 @opindex --font |
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748 @cindex specify default font from the command line |
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749 Use font @var{name} as the default font. |
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750 @end table |
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751 |
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752 Under X, each font has a long name which consists of fourteen words |
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753 or numbers, separated by dashes. Some fonts also have shorter |
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754 nicknames. For instance, @samp{9x15} is such a nickname. This font |
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755 makes each character nine pixels wide and fifteen pixels high. You |
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756 can use either kind of name. Case is insignificant in both kinds. |
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757 You can use wildcard patterns for the font name; then Emacs lets X |
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758 choose one of the fonts that match the pattern. The wildcard |
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759 character @samp{*} matches any sequence of characters (including none) |
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760 and @samp{?} matches any single character. However, matching is |
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761 implementation-dependent, and can be inaccurate when wildcards match |
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762 dashes in a long name. For reliable results, supply all 14 dashes and |
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763 use wildcards only within a field. Here is an example, which happens |
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764 to specify the font whose nickname is @samp{6x13}: |
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765 |
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766 @smallexample |
44326 | 767 emacs -fn \ |
768 "-misc-fixed-medium-r-semicondensed--13-*-*-*-c-60-iso8859-1" & | |
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769 @end smallexample |
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770 |
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771 @noindent |
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772 You can also specify the font in your @file{.Xdefaults} file: |
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773 |
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774 @smallexample |
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775 emacs.font: -misc-fixed-medium-r-semicondensed--13-*-*-*-c-60-iso8859-1 |
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776 @end smallexample |
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777 |
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778 Note that if you use a wildcard pattern on the command line, you |
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779 need to enclose it in single or double quotes, to prevent the shell |
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780 from accidentally expanding it into a list of file names. On the |
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781 other hand, you should not quote the name in the @file{.Xdefaults} |
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782 file. |
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783 |
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784 The default font used by Emacs (under X) is: |
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785 |
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786 @smallexample |
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787 -adobe-courier-medium-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-iso8859-1 |
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788 @end smallexample |
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789 |
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790 A long font name has the following form: |
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791 |
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792 @smallexample |
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793 -@var{maker}-@var{family}-@var{weight}-@var{slant}-@var{widthtype}-@var{style}@dots{} |
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794 @dots{}-@var{pixels}-@var{height}-@var{horiz}-@var{vert}-@var{spacing}-@var{width}-@var{registry}-@var{encoding} |
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795 @end smallexample |
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796 |
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797 @table @var |
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798 @item maker |
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799 This is the name of the font manufacturer. |
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800 @item family |
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801 This is the name of the font family---for example, @samp{courier}. |
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802 @item weight |
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803 This is normally @samp{bold}, @samp{medium} or @samp{light}. Other |
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804 words may appear here in some font names. |
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805 @item slant |
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806 This is @samp{r} (roman), @samp{i} (italic), @samp{o} (oblique), |
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807 @samp{ri} (reverse italic), or @samp{ot} (other). |
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808 @item widthtype |
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809 This is normally @samp{condensed}, @samp{extended}, @samp{semicondensed} |
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810 or @samp{normal}. Other words may appear here in some font names. |
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811 @item style |
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812 This is an optional additional style name. Usually it is empty---most |
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813 long font names have two hyphens in a row at this point. |
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814 @item pixels |
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815 This is the font height, in pixels. |
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816 @item height |
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817 This is the font height on the screen, measured in tenths of a printer's |
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818 point---approximately 1/720 of an inch. In other words, it is the point |
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819 size of the font, times ten. For a given vertical resolution, |
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820 @var{height} and @var{pixels} are proportional; therefore, it is common |
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821 to specify just one of them and use @samp{*} for the other. |
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822 @item horiz |
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823 This is the horizontal resolution, in pixels per inch, of the screen for |
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824 which the font is intended. |
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825 @item vert |
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826 This is the vertical resolution, in pixels per inch, of the screen for |
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827 which the font is intended. Normally the resolution of the fonts on |
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828 your system is the right value for your screen; therefore, you normally |
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829 specify @samp{*} for this and @var{horiz}. |
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830 @item spacing |
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831 This is @samp{m} (monospace), @samp{p} (proportional) or @samp{c} |
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832 (character cell). |
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833 @item width |
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834 This is the average character width, in pixels, multiplied by ten. |
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835 @item registry |
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836 @itemx encoding |
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837 These together make up the X font character set that the font depicts. |
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838 (X font character sets are not the same as Emacs charsets, but they |
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839 are solutions for the same problem.) You can use the |
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840 @command{xfontsel} program to check which choices you have. However, |
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841 normally you should use @samp{iso8859} for @var{registry} and @samp{1} |
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842 for @var{encoding}. |
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843 @end table |
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844 |
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845 @cindex listing system fonts |
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846 You will probably want to use a fixed-width default font---that is, |
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847 a font in which all characters have the same width. Any font with |
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848 @samp{m} or @samp{c} in the @var{spacing} field of the long name is a |
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849 fixed-width font. Here's how to use the @command{xlsfonts} program to |
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850 list all the fixed-width fonts available on your system: |
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851 |
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852 @example |
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853 xlsfonts -fn '*x*' | egrep "^[0-9]+x[0-9]+" |
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854 xlsfonts -fn '*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-m*' |
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855 xlsfonts -fn '*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-c*' |
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856 @end example |
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857 |
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858 @noindent |
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859 To see what a particular font looks like, use the @command{xfd} command. |
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860 For example: |
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861 |
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862 @example |
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863 xfd -fn 6x13 |
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864 @end example |
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865 |
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866 @noindent |
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867 displays the entire font @samp{6x13}. |
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868 |
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869 While running Emacs, you can set the font of the current frame |
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870 (@pxref{Frame Parameters}) or for a specific kind of text |
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871 (@pxref{Faces}). |
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872 |
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873 @node Colors |
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874 @appendixsec Window Color Options |
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875 @cindex color of window |
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876 @cindex text colors, from command line |
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877 |
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878 @findex list-colors-display |
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879 @cindex available colors |
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880 On a color display, you can specify which color to use for various |
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881 parts of the Emacs display. To find out what colors are available on |
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882 your system, type @kbd{M-x list-colors-display}, or press |
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883 @kbd{C-Mouse-2} and select @samp{Display Colors} from the pop-up menu. |
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884 (A particular window system might support many more colors, but the |
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885 list displayed by @code{list-colors-display} shows their portable |
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|
886 subset that can be safely used on any display supported by Emacs.) |
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887 If you do not specify colors, on windowed displays the default for the |
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888 background is white and the default for all other colors is black. On a |
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889 monochrome display, the foreground is black, the background is white, |
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890 and the border is gray if the display supports that. On terminals, the |
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891 background is usually black and the foreground is white. |
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892 |
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893 Here is a list of the command-line options for specifying colors: |
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894 |
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895 @table @samp |
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896 @item -fg @var{color} |
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897 @opindex -fg |
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898 @itemx --foreground-color=@var{color} |
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899 @opindex --foreground-color |
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900 @cindex foreground color, command-line argument |
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901 Specify the foreground color. @var{color} should be a standard color |
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902 name, or a numeric specification of the color's red, green, and blue |
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903 components as in @samp{#4682B4} or @samp{RGB:46/82/B4}. |
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904 @item -bg @var{color} |
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905 @opindex -bg |
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906 @itemx --background-color=@var{color} |
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907 @opindex --background-color |
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908 @cindex background color, command-line argument |
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909 Specify the background color. |
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910 @item -bd @var{color} |
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911 @opindex -bd |
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912 @itemx --border-color=@var{color} |
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913 @opindex --border-color |
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914 @cindex border color, command-line argument |
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915 Specify the color of the border of the X window. |
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916 @item -cr @var{color} |
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917 @opindex -cr |
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918 @itemx --cursor-color=@var{color} |
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919 @opindex --cursor-color |
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920 @cindex cursor color, command-line argument |
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921 Specify the color of the Emacs cursor which indicates where point is. |
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922 @item -ms @var{color} |
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923 @opindex -ms |
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924 @itemx --mouse-color=@var{color} |
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925 @opindex --mouse-color |
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926 @cindex mouse pointer color, command-line argument |
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927 Specify the color for the mouse cursor when the mouse is in the Emacs window. |
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928 @item -r |
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929 @opindex -r |
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930 @itemx -rv |
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931 @opindex -rv |
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932 @itemx --reverse-video |
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933 @opindex --reverse-video |
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934 @cindex reverse video, command-line argument |
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935 Reverse video---swap the foreground and background colors. |
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936 @item --color=@var{mode} |
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937 @opindex --color |
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938 @cindex standard colors on a character terminal |
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939 For a character terminal only, specify the mode of color support. The |
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940 parameter @var{mode} can be one of the following: |
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941 @table @samp |
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942 @item never |
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943 @itemx no |
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944 Don't use colors even if the terminal's capabilities specify color |
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945 support. |
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946 @item default |
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947 @itemx auto |
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948 Same as when @option{--color} is not used at all: Emacs detects at |
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949 startup whether the terminal supports colors, and if it does, turns on |
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950 colored display. |
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951 @item always |
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952 @itemx yes |
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953 @itemx ansi8 |
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954 Turn on the color support unconditionally, and use color commands |
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955 specified by the ANSI escape sequences for the 8 standard colors. |
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956 @item @var{num} |
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957 Use color mode for @var{num} colors. If @var{num} is -1, turn off |
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958 color support (equivalent to @samp{never}); if it is 0, use the |
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959 default color support for this terminal (equivalent to @samp{auto}); |
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960 otherwise use an appropriate standard mode for @var{num} colors. |
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961 Depending on your terminal's capabilities, Emacs might be able to turn |
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962 on a color mode for 8, 16, 88, or 256 as the value of @var{num}. If |
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963 there is no mode that supports @var{num} colors, Emacs acts as if |
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964 @var{num} were 0, i.e.@: it uses the terminal's default color support |
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965 mode. |
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966 @end table |
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967 If @var{mode} is omitted, it defaults to @var{ansi8}. |
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968 @end table |
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969 |
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970 For example, to use a coral mouse cursor and a slate blue text cursor, |
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971 enter: |
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972 |
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973 @example |
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974 emacs -ms coral -cr 'slate blue' & |
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975 @end example |
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976 |
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977 You can reverse the foreground and background colors through the |
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978 @samp{-rv} option or with the X resource @samp{reverseVideo}. |
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979 |
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980 The @samp{-fg}, @samp{-bg}, and @samp{-rv} options function on |
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981 text-only terminals as well as on window systems. |
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982 |
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983 @node Window Size X |
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984 @appendixsec Options for Window Size and Position |
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985 @cindex geometry of Emacs window |
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986 @cindex position and size of Emacs frame |
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987 @cindex width and height of Emacs frame |
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988 @cindex specifying fullscreen for Emacs frame |
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989 |
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990 Here is a list of the command-line options for specifying size and |
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991 position of the initial Emacs frame: |
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992 |
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993 @table @samp |
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994 @item -g @var{width}x@var{height}@r{[@{}+-@r{@}}@var{xoffset}@r{@{}+-@r{@}}@var{yoffset}@r{]]} |
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995 @opindex -g |
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996 @itemx --geometry=@var{width}x@var{height}@r{[@{}+-@r{@}}@var{xoffset}@r{@{}+-@r{@}}@var{yoffset}@r{]]} |
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997 @opindex --geometry |
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998 @cindex geometry, command-line argument |
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999 Specify the size @var{width} and @var{height} (measured in character |
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1000 columns and lines), and positions @var{xoffset} and @var{yoffset} |
46202
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1001 (measured in pixels). This applies to all frames. |
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1002 |
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1003 @item -fs |
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1004 @opindex -fs |
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1005 @itemx --fullscreen |
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1006 @opindex --fullscreen |
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1007 @cindex fullscreen, command-line argument |
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1008 Specify that width and height shall be the size of the screen. |
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1009 |
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1010 @item -fh |
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1011 @opindex -fh |
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1012 @itemx --fullheight |
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1013 @opindex --fullheight |
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1014 @cindex fullheight, command-line argument |
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1015 Specify that the height shall be the height of the screen. |
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1016 |
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1017 @item -fw |
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1018 @opindex -fw |
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1019 @itemx --fullwidth |
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1020 @opindex --fullwidth |
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1021 @cindex fullwidth, command-line argument |
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1022 Specify that the width shall be the width of the screen. |
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1023 @end table |
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1024 |
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1025 |
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1026 @noindent |
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1027 In the @samp{--geometry} option, @code{@r{@{}+-@r{@}}} means either a plus |
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1028 sign or a minus sign. A plus |
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1029 sign before @var{xoffset} means it is the distance from the left side of |
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1030 the screen; a minus sign means it counts from the right side. A plus |
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1031 sign before @var{yoffset} means it is the distance from the top of the |
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1032 screen, and a minus sign there indicates the distance from the bottom. |
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1033 The values @var{xoffset} and @var{yoffset} may themselves be positive or |
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1034 negative, but that doesn't change their meaning, only their direction. |
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1035 |
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1036 Emacs uses the same units as @command{xterm} does to interpret the geometry. |
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1037 The @var{width} and @var{height} are measured in characters, so a large font |
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1038 creates a larger frame than a small font. (If you specify a proportional |
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1039 font, Emacs uses its maximum bounds width as the width unit.) The |
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1040 @var{xoffset} and @var{yoffset} are measured in pixels. |
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1041 |
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|
1042 You do not have to specify all of the fields in the geometry |
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|
1043 specification. If you omit both @var{xoffset} and @var{yoffset}, the |
505956923015
Explain how enabling or disabling the tool bar affects specified geometry.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46202
diff
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|
1044 window manager decides where to put the Emacs frame, possibly by |
505956923015
Explain how enabling or disabling the tool bar affects specified geometry.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1045 letting you place it with the mouse. For example, @samp{164x55} |
505956923015
Explain how enabling or disabling the tool bar affects specified geometry.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1046 specifies a window 164 columns wide, enough for two ordinary width |
505956923015
Explain how enabling or disabling the tool bar affects specified geometry.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1047 windows side by side, and 55 lines tall. |
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|
1048 |
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|
1049 The default width for Emacs is 80 characters and the default height is |
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|
1050 40 lines. You can omit either the width or the height or both. If |
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|
1051 you start the geometry with an integer, Emacs interprets it as the |
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|
1052 width. If you start with an @samp{x} followed by an integer, Emacs |
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|
1053 interprets it as the height. Thus, @samp{81} specifies just the width; |
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1054 @samp{x45} specifies just the height. |
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|
1055 |
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|
1056 If you start with @samp{+} or @samp{-}, that introduces an offset, |
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|
1057 which means both sizes are omitted. Thus, @samp{-3} specifies the |
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|
1058 @var{xoffset} only. (If you give just one offset, it is always |
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1059 @var{xoffset}.) @samp{+3-3} specifies both the @var{xoffset} and the |
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|
1060 @var{yoffset}, placing the frame near the bottom left of the screen. |
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|
1061 |
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|
1062 You can specify a default for any or all of the fields in |
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|
1063 @file{.Xdefaults} file, and then override selected fields with a |
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|
1064 @samp{--geometry} option. |
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|
1065 |
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|
1066 Since the mode line and the echo area occupy the last 2 lines of the |
505956923015
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|
1067 frame, the height of the initial text window is 2 less than the height |
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|
1068 specified in your geometry. In non-X-toolkit versions of Emacs, the |
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diff
changeset
|
1069 menu bar also takes one line of the specified number. But in the X |
505956923015
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parents:
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diff
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|
1070 toolkit version, the menu bar is additional and does not count against |
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Explain how enabling or disabling the tool bar affects specified geometry.
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|
1071 the specified height. The tool bar, if present, is also additional. |
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|
1072 |
46717
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Explain how enabling or disabling the tool bar affects specified geometry.
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|
1073 Enabling or disabling the menu bar or tool bar alters the amount of |
505956923015
Explain how enabling or disabling the tool bar affects specified geometry.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
1074 space available for ordinary text. Therefore, if Emacs starts up with |
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Explain how enabling or disabling the tool bar affects specified geometry.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
1075 a tool bar (which is the default), and handles the geometry |
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Explain how enabling or disabling the tool bar affects specified geometry.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
1076 specification assuming there is a tool bar, and then your |
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Explain how enabling or disabling the tool bar affects specified geometry.
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changeset
|
1077 @file{~/.emacs} file disables the tool bar, you will end up with a |
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Explain how enabling or disabling the tool bar affects specified geometry.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1078 frame geometry different from what you asked for. To get the intended |
505956923015
Explain how enabling or disabling the tool bar affects specified geometry.
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diff
changeset
|
1079 size with no tool bar, use an X resource to specify ``no tool bar'' |
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|
1080 (@pxref{Table of Resources}); then Emacs will already know there's no |
46717
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|
1081 tool bar when it processes the specified geometry. |
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Explain how enabling or disabling the tool bar affects specified geometry.
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|
1082 |
505956923015
Explain how enabling or disabling the tool bar affects specified geometry.
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parents:
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|
1083 When using one of @samp{--fullscreen}, @samp{--fullwidth} or |
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(Window Size X): Document the new full-screen options.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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|
1084 @samp{--fullheight} there may be some space around the frame |
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(Window Size X): Document the new full-screen options.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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|
1085 anyway. That is because Emacs rounds the sizes so they are an |
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(Window Size X): Document the new full-screen options.
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|
1086 even number of character heights and widths. |
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(Window Size X): Document the new full-screen options.
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|
1087 |
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|
1088 Some window managers have options that can make them ignore both |
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|
1089 program-specified and user-specified positions (sawfish is one). |
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|
1090 If these are set, Emacs fails to position the window correctly. |
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|
1091 |
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1092 @node Borders X |
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|
1093 @appendixsec Internal and External Borders |
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1094 @cindex borders (X Window System) |
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|
1095 |
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|
1096 An Emacs frame has an internal border and an external border. The |
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|
1097 internal border is an extra strip of the background color around the |
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|
1098 text portion of the frame. Emacs itself draws the internal border. |
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|
1099 The external border is added by the window manager outside the frame; |
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1100 depending on the window manager you use, it may contain various boxes |
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|
1101 you can click on to move or iconify the window. |
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|
1102 |
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|
1103 @table @samp |
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|
1104 @item -ib @var{width} |
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|
1105 @opindex -ib |
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|
1106 @itemx --internal-border=@var{width} |
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|
1107 @opindex --internal-border |
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|
1108 @cindex internal border width, command-line argument |
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|
1109 Specify @var{width} as the width of the internal border (between the text |
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|
1110 and the main border), in pixels. |
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|
1111 |
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1112 @item -bw @var{width} |
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1113 @opindex -bw |
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|
1114 @itemx --border-width=@var{width} |
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|
1115 @opindex --border-width |
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|
1116 @cindex main border width, command-line argument |
41369
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|
1117 Specify @var{width} as the width of the main border, in pixels. |
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|
1118 @end table |
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|
1119 |
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1120 When you specify the size of the frame, that does not count the |
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1121 borders. The frame's position is measured from the outside edge of the |
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1122 external border. |
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|
1123 |
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1124 Use the @samp{-ib @var{n}} option to specify an internal border |
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1125 @var{n} pixels wide. The default is 1. Use @samp{-bw @var{n}} to |
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1126 specify the width of the external border (though the window manager may |
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1127 not pay attention to what you specify). The default width of the |
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1128 external border is 2. |
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|
1129 |
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1130 @node Title X |
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1131 @appendixsec Frame Titles |
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|
1132 |
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1133 An Emacs frame may or may not have a specified title. The frame |
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1134 title, if specified, appears in window decorations and icons as the |
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1135 name of the frame. If an Emacs frame has no specified title, the |
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1136 default title has the form @samp{@var{invocation-name}@@@var{machine}} |
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1137 (if there is only one frame) or the selected window's buffer name (if |
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1138 there is more than one frame). |
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|
1139 |
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1140 You can specify a title for the initial Emacs frame with a command |
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|
1141 line option: |
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1142 |
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1143 @table @samp |
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|
1144 @item -T @var{title} |
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|
1145 @opindex -T |
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|
1146 @itemx --title=@var{title} |
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|
1147 @opindex --title |
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1148 @cindex frame title, command-line argument |
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|
1149 Specify @var{title} as the title for the initial Emacs frame. |
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1150 @end table |
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1151 |
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1152 The @samp{--name} option (@pxref{Resources}) also specifies the title |
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1153 for the initial Emacs frame. |
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1154 |
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1155 @node Icons X |
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1156 @appendixsec Icons |
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1157 @cindex icons (X Window System) |
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1158 |
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1159 Most window managers allow the user to ``iconify'' a frame, removing |
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1160 it from sight, and leaving a small, distinctive ``icon'' window in its |
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1161 place. Clicking on the icon window makes the frame itself appear again. |
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1162 If you have many clients running at once, you can avoid cluttering up |
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1163 the screen by iconifying most of the clients. |
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1164 |
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1165 @table @samp |
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1166 @item -i |
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1167 @opindex -i |
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1168 @itemx --icon-type |
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1169 @opindex --icon-type |
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1170 @cindex Emacs icon, a gnu |
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1171 Use a picture of a gnu as the Emacs icon. |
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1172 |
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1173 @item -iconic |
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1174 @opindex --iconic |
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1175 @itemx --iconic |
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1176 @cindex start iconified, command-line argument |
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1177 Start Emacs in iconified state. |
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1178 @end table |
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1179 |
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1180 The @samp{-i} or @samp{--icon-type} option tells Emacs to use an icon |
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1181 window containing a picture of the GNU gnu. If omitted, Emacs lets the |
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1182 window manager choose what sort of icon to use---usually just a small |
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1183 rectangle containing the frame's title. |
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1184 |
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1185 The @samp{-iconic} option tells Emacs to begin running as an icon, |
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1186 rather than showing a frame right away. In this situation, the icon |
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1187 is the only indication that Emacs has started; the text frame doesn't |
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1188 appear until you deiconify it. |
52401 | 1189 |
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1190 @node Misc X |
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1191 @appendixsec Other Display Options |
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1192 |
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1193 @table @samp |
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1194 @item -hb |
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1195 @opindex -hb |
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1196 @itemx --horizontal-scroll-bars |
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1197 @opindex --horizontal-scroll-bars |
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1198 @cindex horizontal scroll bars, command-line argument |
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1199 Enable horizontal scroll bars. |
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1200 |
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1201 @item -vb |
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1202 @opindex -vb |
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1203 @itemx --vertical-scroll-bars |
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1204 @opindex --vertical-scroll-bars |
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1205 @cindex vertical scroll bars, command-line argument |
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1206 Enable vertical scroll bars. |
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1207 |
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1208 @item -lsp @var{pixels} |
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1209 @opindex -lsp |
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1210 @itemx --line-spacing=@var{pixels} |
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1211 @opindex --line-spacing |
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1212 @cindex line spacing, command-line argument |
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1213 Specify @var{pixels} as additional space to put between lines, in pixels. |
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1214 @end table |
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1215 |
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1216 The @samp{--xrm} option (@pxref{Resources}) specifies additional |
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1217 X resource values. |
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1218 |
52401 | 1219 @ignore |
1220 arch-tag: fffecd9e-7329-4a51-a3cc-dd4a9889340e | |
1221 @end ignore |