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1 ;;; calc-poly.el --- polynomial functions for Calc
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2
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3 ;; Copyright (C) 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004,
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4 ;; 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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5
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6 ;; Author: David Gillespie <daveg@synaptics.com>
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7 ;; Maintainer: Jay Belanger <jay.p.belanger@gmail.com>
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8
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9 ;; This file is part of GNU Emacs.
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10
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11 ;; GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
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12 ;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
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13 ;; the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
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14 ;; (at your option) any later version.
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15
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16 ;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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17 ;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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18 ;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
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19 ;; GNU General Public License for more details.
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20
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21 ;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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22 ;; along with GNU Emacs. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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23
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24 ;;; Commentary:
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25
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26 ;;; Code:
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27
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28 ;; This file is autoloaded from calc-ext.el.
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29
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30 (require 'calc-ext)
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31 (require 'calc-macs)
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32
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33 (defun calcFunc-pcont (expr &optional var)
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34 (cond ((Math-primp expr)
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35 (cond ((Math-zerop expr) 1)
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36 ((Math-messy-integerp expr) (math-trunc expr))
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37 ((Math-objectp expr) expr)
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38 ((or (equal expr var) (not var)) 1)
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39 (t expr)))
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40 ((eq (car expr) '*)
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41 (math-mul (calcFunc-pcont (nth 1 expr) var)
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42 (calcFunc-pcont (nth 2 expr) var)))
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43 ((eq (car expr) '/)
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44 (math-div (calcFunc-pcont (nth 1 expr) var)
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45 (calcFunc-pcont (nth 2 expr) var)))
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46 ((and (eq (car expr) '^) (Math-natnump (nth 2 expr)))
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47 (math-pow (calcFunc-pcont (nth 1 expr) var) (nth 2 expr)))
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48 ((memq (car expr) '(neg polar))
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49 (calcFunc-pcont (nth 1 expr) var))
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50 ((consp var)
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51 (let ((p (math-is-polynomial expr var)))
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52 (if p
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53 (let ((lead (nth (1- (length p)) p))
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54 (cont (math-poly-gcd-list p)))
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55 (if (math-guess-if-neg lead)
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56 (math-neg cont)
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57 cont))
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58 1)))
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59 ((memq (car expr) '(+ - cplx sdev))
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60 (let ((cont (calcFunc-pcont (nth 1 expr) var)))
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61 (if (eq cont 1)
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62 1
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63 (let ((c2 (calcFunc-pcont (nth 2 expr) var)))
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64 (if (and (math-negp cont)
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65 (if (eq (car expr) '-) (math-posp c2) (math-negp c2)))
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66 (math-neg (math-poly-gcd cont c2))
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67 (math-poly-gcd cont c2))))))
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68 (var expr)
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69 (t 1)))
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70
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71 (defun calcFunc-pprim (expr &optional var)
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72 (let ((cont (calcFunc-pcont expr var)))
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73 (if (math-equal-int cont 1)
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74 expr
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75 (math-poly-div-exact expr cont var))))
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76
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77 (defun math-div-poly-const (expr c)
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78 (cond ((memq (car-safe expr) '(+ -))
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79 (list (car expr)
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80 (math-div-poly-const (nth 1 expr) c)
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81 (math-div-poly-const (nth 2 expr) c)))
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82 (t (math-div expr c))))
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83
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84 (defun calcFunc-pdeg (expr &optional var)
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85 (if (Math-zerop expr)
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86 '(neg (var inf var-inf))
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87 (if var
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88 (or (math-polynomial-p expr var)
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89 (math-reject-arg expr "Expected a polynomial"))
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90 (math-poly-degree expr))))
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91
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92 (defun math-poly-degree (expr)
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93 (cond ((Math-primp expr)
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94 (if (eq (car-safe expr) 'var) 1 0))
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95 ((eq (car expr) 'neg)
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96 (math-poly-degree (nth 1 expr)))
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97 ((eq (car expr) '*)
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98 (+ (math-poly-degree (nth 1 expr))
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99 (math-poly-degree (nth 2 expr))))
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100 ((eq (car expr) '/)
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101 (- (math-poly-degree (nth 1 expr))
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102 (math-poly-degree (nth 2 expr))))
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103 ((and (eq (car expr) '^) (natnump (nth 2 expr)))
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104 (* (math-poly-degree (nth 1 expr)) (nth 2 expr)))
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105 ((memq (car expr) '(+ -))
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106 (max (math-poly-degree (nth 1 expr))
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107 (math-poly-degree (nth 2 expr))))
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108 (t 1)))
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109
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110 (defun calcFunc-plead (expr var)
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111 (cond ((eq (car-safe expr) '*)
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112 (math-mul (calcFunc-plead (nth 1 expr) var)
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113 (calcFunc-plead (nth 2 expr) var)))
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114 ((eq (car-safe expr) '/)
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115 (math-div (calcFunc-plead (nth 1 expr) var)
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116 (calcFunc-plead (nth 2 expr) var)))
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117 ((and (eq (car-safe expr) '^) (math-natnump (nth 2 expr)))
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118 (math-pow (calcFunc-plead (nth 1 expr) var) (nth 2 expr)))
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119 ((Math-primp expr)
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120 (if (equal expr var)
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121 1
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122 expr))
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123 (t
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124 (let ((p (math-is-polynomial expr var)))
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125 (if (cdr p)
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126 (nth (1- (length p)) p)
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127 1)))))
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128
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129
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130
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131
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132
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133 ;;; Polynomial quotient, remainder, and GCD.
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134 ;;; Originally by Ove Ewerlid (ewerlid@mizar.DoCS.UU.SE).
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135 ;;; Modifications and simplifications by daveg.
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136
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137 (defvar math-poly-modulus 1)
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138
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139 ;;; Return gcd of two polynomials
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140 (defun calcFunc-pgcd (pn pd)
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141 (if (math-any-floats pn)
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142 (math-reject-arg pn "Coefficients must be rational"))
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143 (if (math-any-floats pd)
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144 (math-reject-arg pd "Coefficients must be rational"))
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145 (let ((calc-prefer-frac t)
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146 (math-poly-modulus (math-poly-modulus pn pd)))
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147 (math-poly-gcd pn pd)))
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148
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149 ;;; Return only quotient to top of stack (nil if zero)
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150
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151 ;; calc-poly-div-remainder is a local variable for
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152 ;; calc-poly-div (in calc-alg.el), but is used by
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153 ;; calcFunc-pdiv, which is called by calc-poly-div.
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154 (defvar calc-poly-div-remainder)
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155
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156 (defun calcFunc-pdiv (pn pd &optional base)
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157 (let* ((calc-prefer-frac t)
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158 (math-poly-modulus (math-poly-modulus pn pd))
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159 (res (math-poly-div pn pd base)))
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160 (setq calc-poly-div-remainder (cdr res))
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161 (car res)))
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162
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163 ;;; Return only remainder to top of stack
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164 (defun calcFunc-prem (pn pd &optional base)
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165 (let ((calc-prefer-frac t)
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166 (math-poly-modulus (math-poly-modulus pn pd)))
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167 (cdr (math-poly-div pn pd base))))
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168
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169 (defun calcFunc-pdivrem (pn pd &optional base)
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170 (let* ((calc-prefer-frac t)
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171 (math-poly-modulus (math-poly-modulus pn pd))
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172 (res (math-poly-div pn pd base)))
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173 (list 'vec (car res) (cdr res))))
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174
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175 (defun calcFunc-pdivide (pn pd &optional base)
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176 (let* ((calc-prefer-frac t)
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177 (math-poly-modulus (math-poly-modulus pn pd))
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178 (res (math-poly-div pn pd base)))
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179 (math-add (car res) (math-div (cdr res) pd))))
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180
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181
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182 ;;; Multiply two terms, expanding out products of sums.
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183 (defun math-mul-thru (lhs rhs)
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184 (if (memq (car-safe lhs) '(+ -))
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185 (list (car lhs)
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186 (math-mul-thru (nth 1 lhs) rhs)
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187 (math-mul-thru (nth 2 lhs) rhs))
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188 (if (memq (car-safe rhs) '(+ -))
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189 (list (car rhs)
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190 (math-mul-thru lhs (nth 1 rhs))
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191 (math-mul-thru lhs (nth 2 rhs)))
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192 (math-mul lhs rhs))))
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193
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194 (defun math-div-thru (num den)
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195 (if (memq (car-safe num) '(+ -))
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196 (list (car num)
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197 (math-div-thru (nth 1 num) den)
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198 (math-div-thru (nth 2 num) den))
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199 (math-div num den)))
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200
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201
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202 ;;; Sort the terms of a sum into canonical order.
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203 (defun math-sort-terms (expr)
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204 (if (memq (car-safe expr) '(+ -))
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205 (math-list-to-sum
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206 (sort (math-sum-to-list expr)
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207 (function (lambda (a b) (math-beforep (car a) (car b))))))
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208 expr))
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209
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210 (defun math-list-to-sum (lst)
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211 (if (cdr lst)
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212 (list (if (cdr (car lst)) '- '+)
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213 (math-list-to-sum (cdr lst))
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214 (car (car lst)))
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215 (if (cdr (car lst))
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216 (math-neg (car (car lst)))
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217 (car (car lst)))))
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218
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219 (defun math-sum-to-list (tree &optional neg)
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220 (cond ((eq (car-safe tree) '+)
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221 (nconc (math-sum-to-list (nth 1 tree) neg)
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222 (math-sum-to-list (nth 2 tree) neg)))
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223 ((eq (car-safe tree) '-)
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224 (nconc (math-sum-to-list (nth 1 tree) neg)
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225 (math-sum-to-list (nth 2 tree) (not neg))))
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226 (t (list (cons tree neg)))))
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227
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228 ;;; Check if the polynomial coefficients are modulo forms.
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229 (defun math-poly-modulus (expr &optional expr2)
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230 (or (math-poly-modulus-rec expr)
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231 (and expr2 (math-poly-modulus-rec expr2))
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232 1))
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233
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234 (defun math-poly-modulus-rec (expr)
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235 (if (and (eq (car-safe expr) 'mod) (Math-natnump (nth 2 expr)))
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236 (list 'mod 1 (nth 2 expr))
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237 (and (memq (car-safe expr) '(+ - * /))
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238 (or (math-poly-modulus-rec (nth 1 expr))
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239 (math-poly-modulus-rec (nth 2 expr))))))
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240
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241
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242 ;;; Divide two polynomials. Return (quotient . remainder).
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243 (defvar math-poly-div-base nil)
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244 (defun math-poly-div (u v &optional math-poly-div-base)
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245 (if math-poly-div-base
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246 (math-do-poly-div u v)
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247 (math-do-poly-div (calcFunc-expand u) (calcFunc-expand v))))
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248
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249 (defun math-poly-div-exact (u v &optional base)
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250 (let ((res (math-poly-div u v base)))
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251 (if (eq (cdr res) 0)
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252 (car res)
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253 (math-reject-arg (list 'vec u v) "Argument is not a polynomial"))))
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254
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255 (defun math-do-poly-div (u v)
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256 (cond ((math-constp u)
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257 (if (math-constp v)
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258 (cons (math-div u v) 0)
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259 (cons 0 u)))
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260 ((math-constp v)
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261 (cons (if (eq v 1)
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262 u
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263 (if (memq (car-safe u) '(+ -))
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264 (math-add-or-sub (math-poly-div-exact (nth 1 u) v)
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265 (math-poly-div-exact (nth 2 u) v)
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266 nil (eq (car u) '-))
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267 (math-div u v)))
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268 0))
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269 ((Math-equal u v)
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270 (cons math-poly-modulus 0))
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271 ((and (math-atomic-factorp u) (math-atomic-factorp v))
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272 (cons (math-simplify (math-div u v)) 0))
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273 (t
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274 (let ((base (or math-poly-div-base
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275 (math-poly-div-base u v)))
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276 vp up res)
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277 (if (or (null base)
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278 (null (setq vp (math-is-polynomial v base nil 'gen))))
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279 (cons 0 u)
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280 (setq up (math-is-polynomial u base nil 'gen)
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281 res (math-poly-div-coefs up vp))
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282 (cons (math-build-polynomial-expr (car res) base)
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283 (math-build-polynomial-expr (cdr res) base)))))))
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284
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285 (defun math-poly-div-rec (u v)
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286 (cond ((math-constp u)
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287 (math-div u v))
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288 ((math-constp v)
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289 (if (eq v 1)
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290 u
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291 (if (memq (car-safe u) '(+ -))
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292 (math-add-or-sub (math-poly-div-rec (nth 1 u) v)
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293 (math-poly-div-rec (nth 2 u) v)
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294 nil (eq (car u) '-))
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295 (math-div u v))))
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296 ((Math-equal u v) math-poly-modulus)
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297 ((and (math-atomic-factorp u) (math-atomic-factorp v))
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298 (math-simplify (math-div u v)))
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299 (math-poly-div-base
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300 (math-div u v))
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301 (t
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302 (let ((base (math-poly-div-base u v))
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303 vp up res)
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304 (if (or (null base)
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305 (null (setq vp (math-is-polynomial v base nil 'gen))))
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306 (math-div u v)
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307 (setq up (math-is-polynomial u base nil 'gen)
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308 res (math-poly-div-coefs up vp))
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309 (math-add (math-build-polynomial-expr (car res) base)
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310 (math-div (math-build-polynomial-expr (cdr res) base)
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311 v)))))))
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312
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313 ;;; Divide two polynomials in coefficient-list form. Return (quot . rem).
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314 (defun math-poly-div-coefs (u v)
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315 (cond ((null v) (math-reject-arg nil "Division by zero"))
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316 ((< (length u) (length v)) (cons nil u))
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317 ((cdr u)
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318 (let ((q nil)
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319 (urev (reverse u))
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320 (vrev (reverse v)))
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321 (while
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322 (let ((qk (math-poly-div-rec (math-simplify (car urev))
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323 (car vrev)))
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324 (up urev)
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325 (vp vrev))
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326 (if (or q (not (math-zerop qk)))
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327 (setq q (cons qk q)))
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328 (while (setq up (cdr up) vp (cdr vp))
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329 (setcar up (math-sub (car up) (math-mul-thru qk (car vp)))))
|
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330 (setq urev (cdr urev))
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331 up))
|
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332 (while (and urev (Math-zerop (car urev)))
|
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333 (setq urev (cdr urev)))
|
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334 (cons q (nreverse (mapcar 'math-simplify urev)))))
|
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335 (t
|
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336 (cons (list (math-poly-div-rec (car u) (car v)))
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337 nil))))
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338
|
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339 ;;; Perform a pseudo-division of polynomials. (See Knuth section 4.6.1.)
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340 ;;; This returns only the remainder from the pseudo-division.
|
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341 (defun math-poly-pseudo-div (u v)
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342 (cond ((null v) nil)
|
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343 ((< (length u) (length v)) u)
|
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344 ((or (cdr u) (cdr v))
|
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345 (let ((urev (reverse u))
|
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346 (vrev (reverse v))
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347 up)
|
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348 (while
|
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349 (let ((vp vrev))
|
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350 (setq up urev)
|
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351 (while (setq up (cdr up) vp (cdr vp))
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352 (setcar up (math-sub (math-mul-thru (car vrev) (car up))
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353 (math-mul-thru (car urev) (car vp)))))
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354 (setq urev (cdr urev))
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355 up)
|
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356 (while up
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357 (setcar up (math-mul-thru (car vrev) (car up)))
|
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358 (setq up (cdr up))))
|
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359 (while (and urev (Math-zerop (car urev)))
|
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360 (setq urev (cdr urev)))
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361 (nreverse (mapcar 'math-simplify urev))))
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362 (t nil)))
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363
|
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364 ;;; Compute the GCD of two multivariate polynomials.
|
|
365 (defun math-poly-gcd (u v)
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366 (cond ((Math-equal u v) u)
|
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367 ((math-constp u)
|
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368 (if (Math-zerop u)
|
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369 v
|
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370 (calcFunc-gcd u (calcFunc-pcont v))))
|
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371 ((math-constp v)
|
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372 (if (Math-zerop v)
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373 v
|
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374 (calcFunc-gcd v (calcFunc-pcont u))))
|
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375 (t
|
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376 (let ((base (math-poly-gcd-base u v)))
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377 (if base
|
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378 (math-simplify
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379 (calcFunc-expand
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380 (math-build-polynomial-expr
|
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381 (math-poly-gcd-coefs (math-is-polynomial u base nil 'gen)
|
|
382 (math-is-polynomial v base nil 'gen))
|
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383 base)))
|
41047
|
384 (calcFunc-gcd (calcFunc-pcont u) (calcFunc-pcont u)))))))
|
40785
|
385
|
|
386 (defun math-poly-div-list (lst a)
|
|
387 (if (eq a 1)
|
|
388 lst
|
|
389 (if (eq a -1)
|
|
390 (math-mul-list lst a)
|
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|
391 (mapcar (function (lambda (x) (math-poly-div-exact x a))) lst))))
|
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|
392
|
|
393 (defun math-mul-list (lst a)
|
|
394 (if (eq a 1)
|
|
395 lst
|
|
396 (if (eq a -1)
|
|
397 (mapcar 'math-neg lst)
|
|
398 (and (not (eq a 0))
|
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|
399 (mapcar (function (lambda (x) (math-mul x a))) lst)))))
|
40785
|
400
|
|
401 ;;; Run GCD on all elements in a list.
|
|
402 (defun math-poly-gcd-list (lst)
|
|
403 (if (or (memq 1 lst) (memq -1 lst))
|
|
404 (math-poly-gcd-frac-list lst)
|
|
405 (let ((gcd (car lst)))
|
|
406 (while (and (setq lst (cdr lst)) (not (eq gcd 1)))
|
|
407 (or (eq (car lst) 0)
|
|
408 (setq gcd (math-poly-gcd gcd (car lst)))))
|
|
409 (if lst (setq lst (math-poly-gcd-frac-list lst)))
|
41047
|
410 gcd)))
|
40785
|
411
|
|
412 (defun math-poly-gcd-frac-list (lst)
|
|
413 (while (and lst (not (eq (car-safe (car lst)) 'frac)))
|
|
414 (setq lst (cdr lst)))
|
|
415 (if lst
|
|
416 (let ((denom (nth 2 (car lst))))
|
|
417 (while (setq lst (cdr lst))
|
|
418 (if (eq (car-safe (car lst)) 'frac)
|
|
419 (setq denom (calcFunc-lcm denom (nth 2 (car lst))))))
|
|
420 (list 'frac 1 denom))
|
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|
421 1))
|
40785
|
422
|
|
423 ;;; Compute the GCD of two monovariate polynomial lists.
|
|
424 ;;; Knuth section 4.6.1, algorithm C.
|
|
425 (defun math-poly-gcd-coefs (u v)
|
|
426 (let ((d (math-poly-gcd (math-poly-gcd-list u)
|
|
427 (math-poly-gcd-list v)))
|
|
428 (g 1) (h 1) (z 0) hh r delta ghd)
|
|
429 (while (and u v (Math-zerop (car u)) (Math-zerop (car v)))
|
|
430 (setq u (cdr u) v (cdr v) z (1+ z)))
|
|
431 (or (eq d 1)
|
|
432 (setq u (math-poly-div-list u d)
|
|
433 v (math-poly-div-list v d)))
|
|
434 (while (progn
|
|
435 (setq delta (- (length u) (length v)))
|
|
436 (if (< delta 0)
|
|
437 (setq r u u v v r delta (- delta)))
|
|
438 (setq r (math-poly-pseudo-div u v))
|
|
439 (cdr r))
|
|
440 (setq u v
|
|
441 v (math-poly-div-list r (math-mul g (math-pow h delta)))
|
|
442 g (nth (1- (length u)) u)
|
|
443 h (if (<= delta 1)
|
|
444 (math-mul (math-pow g delta) (math-pow h (- 1 delta)))
|
|
445 (math-poly-div-exact (math-pow g delta)
|
|
446 (math-pow h (1- delta))))))
|
|
447 (setq v (if r
|
|
448 (list d)
|
|
449 (math-mul-list (math-poly-div-list v (math-poly-gcd-list v)) d)))
|
|
450 (if (math-guess-if-neg (nth (1- (length v)) v))
|
|
451 (setq v (math-mul-list v -1)))
|
|
452 (while (>= (setq z (1- z)) 0)
|
|
453 (setq v (cons 0 v)))
|
41047
|
454 v))
|
40785
|
455
|
|
456
|
|
457 ;;; Return true if is a factor containing no sums or quotients.
|
|
458 (defun math-atomic-factorp (expr)
|
|
459 (cond ((eq (car-safe expr) '*)
|
|
460 (and (math-atomic-factorp (nth 1 expr))
|
|
461 (math-atomic-factorp (nth 2 expr))))
|
|
462 ((memq (car-safe expr) '(+ - /))
|
|
463 nil)
|
|
464 ((memq (car-safe expr) '(^ neg))
|
|
465 (math-atomic-factorp (nth 1 expr)))
|
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|
466 (t t)))
|
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|
467
|
|
468 ;;; Find a suitable base for dividing a by b.
|
|
469 ;;; The base must exist in both expressions.
|
|
470 ;;; The degree in the numerator must be higher or equal than the
|
|
471 ;;; degree in the denominator.
|
|
472 ;;; If the above conditions are not met the quotient is just a remainder.
|
|
473 ;;; Return nil if this is the case.
|
|
474
|
|
475 (defun math-poly-div-base (a b)
|
|
476 (let (a-base b-base)
|
|
477 (and (setq a-base (math-total-polynomial-base a))
|
|
478 (setq b-base (math-total-polynomial-base b))
|
|
479 (catch 'return
|
|
480 (while a-base
|
|
481 (let ((maybe (assoc (car (car a-base)) b-base)))
|
|
482 (if maybe
|
|
483 (if (>= (nth 1 (car a-base)) (nth 1 maybe))
|
|
484 (throw 'return (car (car a-base))))))
|
41047
|
485 (setq a-base (cdr a-base)))))))
|
40785
|
486
|
|
487 ;;; Same as above but for gcd algorithm.
|
|
488 ;;; Here there is no requirement that degree(a) > degree(b).
|
|
489 ;;; Take the base that has the highest degree considering both a and b.
|
|
490 ;;; ("a^20+b^21+x^3+a+b", "a+b^2+x^5+a^22+b^10") --> (a 22)
|
|
491
|
|
492 (defun math-poly-gcd-base (a b)
|
|
493 (let (a-base b-base)
|
|
494 (and (setq a-base (math-total-polynomial-base a))
|
|
495 (setq b-base (math-total-polynomial-base b))
|
|
496 (catch 'return
|
|
497 (while (and a-base b-base)
|
|
498 (if (> (nth 1 (car a-base)) (nth 1 (car b-base)))
|
|
499 (if (assoc (car (car a-base)) b-base)
|
|
500 (throw 'return (car (car a-base)))
|
|
501 (setq a-base (cdr a-base)))
|
|
502 (if (assoc (car (car b-base)) a-base)
|
|
503 (throw 'return (car (car b-base)))
|
41047
|
504 (setq b-base (cdr b-base)))))))))
|
40785
|
505
|
|
506 ;;; Sort a list of polynomial bases.
|
|
507 (defun math-sort-poly-base-list (lst)
|
|
508 (sort lst (function (lambda (a b)
|
|
509 (or (> (nth 1 a) (nth 1 b))
|
|
510 (and (= (nth 1 a) (nth 1 b))
|
41047
|
511 (math-beforep (car a) (car b))))))))
|
40785
|
512
|
|
513 ;;; Given an expression find all variables that are polynomial bases.
|
|
514 ;;; Return list in the form '( (var1 degree1) (var2 degree2) ... ).
|
58507
|
515
|
|
516 ;; The variable math-poly-base-total-base is local to
|
|
517 ;; math-total-polynomial-base, but is used by math-polynomial-p1,
|
|
518 ;; which is called by math-total-polynomial-base.
|
|
519 (defvar math-poly-base-total-base)
|
|
520
|
40785
|
521 (defun math-total-polynomial-base (expr)
|
58507
|
522 (let ((math-poly-base-total-base nil))
|
40785
|
523 (math-polynomial-base expr 'math-polynomial-p1)
|
58507
|
524 (math-sort-poly-base-list math-poly-base-total-base)))
|
|
525
|
|
526 ;; The variable math-poly-base-top-expr is local to math-polynomial-base
|
|
527 ;; in calc-alg.el, but is used by math-polynomial-p1 which is called
|
|
528 ;; by math-polynomial-base.
|
|
529 (defvar math-poly-base-top-expr)
|
40785
|
530
|
|
531 (defun math-polynomial-p1 (subexpr)
|
58507
|
532 (or (assoc subexpr math-poly-base-total-base)
|
40785
|
533 (memq (car subexpr) '(+ - * / neg))
|
|
534 (and (eq (car subexpr) '^) (natnump (nth 2 subexpr)))
|
|
535 (let* ((math-poly-base-variable subexpr)
|
58507
|
536 (exponent (math-polynomial-p math-poly-base-top-expr subexpr)))
|
40785
|
537 (if exponent
|
58507
|
538 (setq math-poly-base-total-base (cons (list subexpr exponent)
|
|
539 math-poly-base-total-base)))))
|
41047
|
540 nil)
|
40785
|
541
|
58507
|
542 ;; The variable math-factored-vars is local to calcFunc-factors and
|
|
543 ;; calcFunc-factor, but is used by math-factor-expr and
|
|
544 ;; math-factor-expr-part, which are called (directly and indirectly) by
|
|
545 ;; calcFunc-factor and calcFunc-factors.
|
|
546 (defvar math-factored-vars)
|
40785
|
547
|
58507
|
548 ;; The variable math-fact-expr is local to calcFunc-factors,
|
|
549 ;; calcFunc-factor and math-factor-expr, but is used by math-factor-expr-try
|
|
550 ;; and math-factor-expr-part, which are called (directly and indirectly) by
|
|
551 ;; calcFunc-factor, calcFunc-factors and math-factor-expr.
|
|
552 (defvar math-fact-expr)
|
40785
|
553
|
58507
|
554 ;; The variable math-to-list is local to calcFunc-factors and
|
|
555 ;; calcFunc-factor, but is used by math-accum-factors, which is
|
|
556 ;; called (indirectly) by calcFunc-factors and calcFunc-factor.
|
|
557 (defvar math-to-list)
|
|
558
|
|
559 (defun calcFunc-factors (math-fact-expr &optional var)
|
40785
|
560 (let ((math-factored-vars (if var t nil))
|
|
561 (math-to-list t)
|
|
562 (calc-prefer-frac t))
|
|
563 (or var
|
58507
|
564 (setq var (math-polynomial-base math-fact-expr)))
|
40785
|
565 (let ((res (math-factor-finish
|
|
566 (or (catch 'factor (math-factor-expr-try var))
|
58507
|
567 math-fact-expr))))
|
40785
|
568 (math-simplify (if (math-vectorp res)
|
|
569 res
|
41047
|
570 (list 'vec (list 'vec res 1)))))))
|
40785
|
571
|
58507
|
572 (defun calcFunc-factor (math-fact-expr &optional var)
|
40785
|
573 (let ((math-factored-vars nil)
|
|
574 (math-to-list nil)
|
|
575 (calc-prefer-frac t))
|
|
576 (math-simplify (math-factor-finish
|
|
577 (if var
|
|
578 (let ((math-factored-vars t))
|
58507
|
579 (or (catch 'factor (math-factor-expr-try var)) math-fact-expr))
|
|
580 (math-factor-expr math-fact-expr))))))
|
40785
|
581
|
|
582 (defun math-factor-finish (x)
|
|
583 (if (Math-primp x)
|
|
584 x
|
|
585 (if (eq (car x) 'calcFunc-Fac-Prot)
|
|
586 (math-factor-finish (nth 1 x))
|
41047
|
587 (cons (car x) (mapcar 'math-factor-finish (cdr x))))))
|
40785
|
588
|
|
589 (defun math-factor-protect (x)
|
|
590 (if (memq (car-safe x) '(+ -))
|
|
591 (list 'calcFunc-Fac-Prot x)
|
41047
|
592 x))
|
40785
|
593
|
58507
|
594 (defun math-factor-expr (math-fact-expr)
|
|
595 (cond ((eq math-factored-vars t) math-fact-expr)
|
|
596 ((or (memq (car-safe math-fact-expr) '(* / ^ neg))
|
|
597 (assq (car-safe math-fact-expr) calc-tweak-eqn-table))
|
|
598 (cons (car math-fact-expr) (mapcar 'math-factor-expr (cdr math-fact-expr))))
|
|
599 ((memq (car-safe math-fact-expr) '(+ -))
|
40785
|
600 (let* ((math-factored-vars math-factored-vars)
|
58507
|
601 (y (catch 'factor (math-factor-expr-part math-fact-expr))))
|
40785
|
602 (if y
|
|
603 (math-factor-expr y)
|
58507
|
604 math-fact-expr)))
|
|
605 (t math-fact-expr)))
|
40785
|
606
|
|
607 (defun math-factor-expr-part (x) ; uses "expr"
|
|
608 (if (memq (car-safe x) '(+ - * / ^ neg))
|
|
609 (while (setq x (cdr x))
|
|
610 (math-factor-expr-part (car x)))
|
|
611 (and (not (Math-objvecp x))
|
|
612 (not (assoc x math-factored-vars))
|
58507
|
613 (> (math-factor-contains math-fact-expr x) 1)
|
40785
|
614 (setq math-factored-vars (cons (list x) math-factored-vars))
|
41047
|
615 (math-factor-expr-try x))))
|
40785
|
616
|
58507
|
617 ;; The variable math-fet-x is local to math-factor-expr-try, but is
|
|
618 ;; used by math-factor-poly-coefs, which is called by math-factor-expr-try.
|
|
619 (defvar math-fet-x)
|
|
620
|
|
621 (defun math-factor-expr-try (math-fet-x)
|
|
622 (if (eq (car-safe math-fact-expr) '*)
|
|
623 (let ((res1 (catch 'factor (let ((math-fact-expr (nth 1 math-fact-expr)))
|
|
624 (math-factor-expr-try math-fet-x))))
|
|
625 (res2 (catch 'factor (let ((math-fact-expr (nth 2 math-fact-expr)))
|
|
626 (math-factor-expr-try math-fet-x)))))
|
40785
|
627 (and (or res1 res2)
|
58507
|
628 (throw 'factor (math-accum-factors (or res1 (nth 1 math-fact-expr)) 1
|
|
629 (or res2 (nth 2 math-fact-expr))))))
|
|
630 (let* ((p (math-is-polynomial math-fact-expr math-fet-x 30 'gen))
|
|
631 (math-poly-modulus (math-poly-modulus math-fact-expr))
|
40785
|
632 res)
|
|
633 (and (cdr p)
|
|
634 (setq res (math-factor-poly-coefs p))
|
41047
|
635 (throw 'factor res)))))
|
40785
|
636
|
|
637 (defun math-accum-factors (fac pow facs)
|
|
638 (if math-to-list
|
|
639 (if (math-vectorp fac)
|
|
640 (progn
|
|
641 (while (setq fac (cdr fac))
|
|
642 (setq facs (math-accum-factors (nth 1 (car fac))
|
|
643 (* pow (nth 2 (car fac)))
|
|
644 facs)))
|
|
645 facs)
|
|
646 (if (and (eq (car-safe fac) '^) (natnump (nth 2 fac)))
|
|
647 (setq pow (* pow (nth 2 fac))
|
|
648 fac (nth 1 fac)))
|
|
649 (if (eq fac 1)
|
|
650 facs
|
|
651 (or (math-vectorp facs)
|
|
652 (setq facs (if (eq facs 1) '(vec)
|
|
653 (list 'vec (list 'vec facs 1)))))
|
|
654 (let ((found facs))
|
|
655 (while (and (setq found (cdr found))
|
|
656 (not (equal fac (nth 1 (car found))))))
|
|
657 (if found
|
|
658 (progn
|
|
659 (setcar (cdr (cdr (car found))) (+ pow (nth 2 (car found))))
|
|
660 facs)
|
|
661 ;; Put constant term first.
|
|
662 (if (and (cdr facs) (Math-ratp (nth 1 (nth 1 facs))))
|
|
663 (cons 'vec (cons (nth 1 facs) (cons (list 'vec fac pow)
|
|
664 (cdr (cdr facs)))))
|
|
665 (cons 'vec (cons (list 'vec fac pow) (cdr facs))))))))
|
41047
|
666 (math-mul (math-pow fac pow) facs)))
|
40785
|
667
|
|
668 (defun math-factor-poly-coefs (p &optional square-free) ; uses "x"
|
58507
|
669 (let (t1 t2 temp)
|
40785
|
670 (cond ((not (cdr p))
|
|
671 (or (car p) 0))
|
|
672
|
58507
|
673 ;; Strip off multiples of math-fet-x.
|
40785
|
674 ((Math-zerop (car p))
|
|
675 (let ((z 0))
|
|
676 (while (and p (Math-zerop (car p)))
|
|
677 (setq z (1+ z) p (cdr p)))
|
|
678 (if (cdr p)
|
|
679 (setq p (math-factor-poly-coefs p square-free))
|
|
680 (setq p (math-sort-terms (math-factor-expr (car p)))))
|
58507
|
681 (math-accum-factors math-fet-x z (math-factor-protect p))))
|
40785
|
682
|
|
683 ;; Factor out content.
|
|
684 ((and (not square-free)
|
|
685 (not (eq 1 (setq t1 (math-mul (math-poly-gcd-list p)
|
|
686 (if (math-guess-if-neg
|
|
687 (nth (1- (length p)) p))
|
|
688 -1 1))))))
|
|
689 (math-accum-factors t1 1 (math-factor-poly-coefs
|
|
690 (math-poly-div-list p t1) 'cont)))
|
|
691
|
58507
|
692 ;; Check if linear in math-fet-x.
|
40785
|
693 ((not (cdr (cdr p)))
|
62470
7e497f7bc556
(math-factor-poly-coefs): Make sure the terms in linear factors in proper
Jay Belanger <jay.p.belanger@gmail.com>
diff
changeset
|
694 (math-sort-terms
|
7e497f7bc556
(math-factor-poly-coefs): Make sure the terms in linear factors in proper
Jay Belanger <jay.p.belanger@gmail.com>
diff
changeset
|
695 (math-add (math-factor-protect
|
7e497f7bc556
(math-factor-poly-coefs): Make sure the terms in linear factors in proper
Jay Belanger <jay.p.belanger@gmail.com>
diff
changeset
|
696 (math-sort-terms
|
7e497f7bc556
(math-factor-poly-coefs): Make sure the terms in linear factors in proper
Jay Belanger <jay.p.belanger@gmail.com>
diff
changeset
|
697 (math-factor-expr (car p))))
|
7e497f7bc556
(math-factor-poly-coefs): Make sure the terms in linear factors in proper
Jay Belanger <jay.p.belanger@gmail.com>
diff
changeset
|
698 (math-mul math-fet-x (math-factor-protect
|
7e497f7bc556
(math-factor-poly-coefs): Make sure the terms in linear factors in proper
Jay Belanger <jay.p.belanger@gmail.com>
diff
changeset
|
699 (math-sort-terms
|
7e497f7bc556
(math-factor-poly-coefs): Make sure the terms in linear factors in proper
Jay Belanger <jay.p.belanger@gmail.com>
diff
changeset
|
700 (math-factor-expr (nth 1 p))))))))
|
40785
|
701
|
|
702 ;; If symbolic coefficients, use FactorRules.
|
|
703 ((let ((pp p))
|
|
704 (while (and pp (or (Math-ratp (car pp))
|
|
705 (and (eq (car (car pp)) 'mod)
|
|
706 (Math-integerp (nth 1 (car pp)))
|
|
707 (Math-integerp (nth 2 (car pp))))))
|
|
708 (setq pp (cdr pp)))
|
|
709 pp)
|
|
710 (let ((res (math-rewrite
|
58507
|
711 (list 'calcFunc-thecoefs math-fet-x (cons 'vec p))
|
40785
|
712 '(var FactorRules var-FactorRules))))
|
|
713 (or (and (eq (car-safe res) 'calcFunc-thefactors)
|
|
714 (= (length res) 3)
|
|
715 (math-vectorp (nth 2 res))
|
|
716 (let ((facs 1)
|
|
717 (vec (nth 2 res)))
|
|
718 (while (setq vec (cdr vec))
|
|
719 (setq facs (math-accum-factors (car vec) 1 facs)))
|
|
720 facs))
|
58507
|
721 (math-build-polynomial-expr p math-fet-x))))
|
40785
|
722
|
|
723 ;; Check if rational coefficients (i.e., not modulo a prime).
|
|
724 ((eq math-poly-modulus 1)
|
|
725
|
|
726 ;; Check if there are any squared terms, or a content not = 1.
|
|
727 (if (or (eq square-free t)
|
|
728 (equal (setq t1 (math-poly-gcd-coefs
|
|
729 p (setq t2 (math-poly-deriv-coefs p))))
|
|
730 '(1)))
|
|
731
|
|
732 ;; We now have a square-free polynomial with integer coefs.
|
|
733 ;; For now, we use a kludgey method that finds linear and
|
|
734 ;; quadratic terms using floating-point root-finding.
|
|
735 (if (setq t1 (let ((calc-symbolic-mode nil))
|
|
736 (math-poly-all-roots nil p t)))
|
|
737 (let ((roots (car t1))
|
|
738 (csign (if (math-negp (nth (1- (length p)) p)) -1 1))
|
|
739 (expr 1)
|
|
740 (unfac (nth 1 t1))
|
|
741 (scale (nth 2 t1)))
|
|
742 (while roots
|
|
743 (let ((coef0 (car (car roots)))
|
|
744 (coef1 (cdr (car roots))))
|
|
745 (setq expr (math-accum-factors
|
|
746 (if coef1
|
|
747 (let ((den (math-lcm-denoms
|
|
748 coef0 coef1)))
|
|
749 (setq scale (math-div scale den))
|
|
750 (math-add
|
|
751 (math-add
|
58507
|
752 (math-mul den (math-pow math-fet-x 2))
|
|
753 (math-mul (math-mul coef1 den)
|
|
754 math-fet-x))
|
40785
|
755 (math-mul coef0 den)))
|
|
756 (let ((den (math-lcm-denoms coef0)))
|
|
757 (setq scale (math-div scale den))
|
58507
|
758 (math-add (math-mul den math-fet-x)
|
40785
|
759 (math-mul coef0 den))))
|
|
760 1 expr)
|
|
761 roots (cdr roots))))
|
|
762 (setq expr (math-accum-factors
|
|
763 expr 1
|
|
764 (math-mul csign
|
|
765 (math-build-polynomial-expr
|
|
766 (math-mul-list (nth 1 t1) scale)
|
58507
|
767 math-fet-x)))))
|
|
768 (math-build-polynomial-expr p math-fet-x)) ; can't factor it.
|
40785
|
769
|
|
770 ;; Separate out the squared terms (Knuth exercise 4.6.2-34).
|
|
771 ;; This step also divides out the content of the polynomial.
|
|
772 (let* ((cabs (math-poly-gcd-list p))
|
|
773 (csign (if (math-negp (nth (1- (length p)) p)) -1 1))
|
|
774 (t1s (math-mul-list t1 csign))
|
|
775 (uu nil)
|
|
776 (v (car (math-poly-div-coefs p t1s)))
|
|
777 (w (car (math-poly-div-coefs t2 t1s))))
|
|
778 (while
|
|
779 (not (math-poly-zerop
|
|
780 (setq t2 (math-poly-simplify
|
|
781 (math-poly-mix
|
|
782 w 1 (math-poly-deriv-coefs v) -1)))))
|
|
783 (setq t1 (math-poly-gcd-coefs v t2)
|
|
784 uu (cons t1 uu)
|
|
785 v (car (math-poly-div-coefs v t1))
|
|
786 w (car (math-poly-div-coefs t2 t1))))
|
|
787 (setq t1 (length uu)
|
|
788 t2 (math-accum-factors (math-factor-poly-coefs v t)
|
|
789 (1+ t1) 1))
|
|
790 (while uu
|
|
791 (setq t2 (math-accum-factors (math-factor-poly-coefs
|
|
792 (car uu) t)
|
|
793 t1 t2)
|
|
794 t1 (1- t1)
|
|
795 uu (cdr uu)))
|
|
796 (math-accum-factors (math-mul cabs csign) 1 t2))))
|
|
797
|
|
798 ;; Factoring modulo a prime.
|
|
799 ((and (= (length (setq temp (math-poly-gcd-coefs
|
|
800 p (math-poly-deriv-coefs p))))
|
|
801 (length p)))
|
|
802 (setq p (car temp))
|
|
803 (while (cdr temp)
|
|
804 (setq temp (nthcdr (nth 2 math-poly-modulus) temp)
|
|
805 p (cons (car temp) p)))
|
|
806 (and (setq temp (math-factor-poly-coefs p))
|
|
807 (math-pow temp (nth 2 math-poly-modulus))))
|
|
808 (t
|
41047
|
809 (math-reject-arg nil "*Modulo factorization not yet implemented")))))
|
40785
|
810
|
|
811 (defun math-poly-deriv-coefs (p)
|
|
812 (let ((n 1)
|
|
813 (dp nil))
|
|
814 (while (setq p (cdr p))
|
|
815 (setq dp (cons (math-mul (car p) n) dp)
|
|
816 n (1+ n)))
|
41047
|
817 (nreverse dp)))
|
40785
|
818
|
|
819 (defun math-factor-contains (x a)
|
|
820 (if (equal x a)
|
|
821 1
|
|
822 (if (memq (car-safe x) '(+ - * / neg))
|
|
823 (let ((sum 0))
|
|
824 (while (setq x (cdr x))
|
|
825 (setq sum (+ sum (math-factor-contains (car x) a))))
|
|
826 sum)
|
|
827 (if (and (eq (car-safe x) '^)
|
|
828 (natnump (nth 2 x)))
|
|
829 (* (math-factor-contains (nth 1 x) a) (nth 2 x))
|
41047
|
830 0))))
|
40785
|
831
|
|
832
|
|
833
|
|
834
|
|
835
|
|
836 ;;; Merge all quotients and expand/simplify the numerator
|
|
837 (defun calcFunc-nrat (expr)
|
|
838 (if (math-any-floats expr)
|
|
839 (setq expr (calcFunc-pfrac expr)))
|
|
840 (if (or (math-vectorp expr)
|
|
841 (assq (car-safe expr) calc-tweak-eqn-table))
|
|
842 (cons (car expr) (mapcar 'calcFunc-nrat (cdr expr)))
|
|
843 (let* ((calc-prefer-frac t)
|
|
844 (res (math-to-ratpoly expr))
|
|
845 (num (math-simplify (math-sort-terms (calcFunc-expand (car res)))))
|
|
846 (den (math-simplify (math-sort-terms (calcFunc-expand (cdr res)))))
|
|
847 (g (math-poly-gcd num den)))
|
|
848 (or (eq g 1)
|
|
849 (let ((num2 (math-poly-div num g))
|
|
850 (den2 (math-poly-div den g)))
|
|
851 (and (eq (cdr num2) 0) (eq (cdr den2) 0)
|
|
852 (setq num (car num2) den (car den2)))))
|
41047
|
853 (math-simplify (math-div num den)))))
|
40785
|
854
|
|
855 ;;; Returns expressions (num . denom).
|
|
856 (defun math-to-ratpoly (expr)
|
|
857 (let ((res (math-to-ratpoly-rec expr)))
|
41047
|
858 (cons (math-simplify (car res)) (math-simplify (cdr res)))))
|
40785
|
859
|
|
860 (defun math-to-ratpoly-rec (expr)
|
|
861 (cond ((Math-primp expr)
|
|
862 (cons expr 1))
|
|
863 ((memq (car expr) '(+ -))
|
|
864 (let ((r1 (math-to-ratpoly-rec (nth 1 expr)))
|
|
865 (r2 (math-to-ratpoly-rec (nth 2 expr))))
|
|
866 (if (equal (cdr r1) (cdr r2))
|
|
867 (cons (list (car expr) (car r1) (car r2)) (cdr r1))
|
|
868 (if (eq (cdr r1) 1)
|
|
869 (cons (list (car expr)
|
|
870 (math-mul (car r1) (cdr r2))
|
|
871 (car r2))
|
|
872 (cdr r2))
|
|
873 (if (eq (cdr r2) 1)
|
|
874 (cons (list (car expr)
|
|
875 (car r1)
|
|
876 (math-mul (car r2) (cdr r1)))
|
|
877 (cdr r1))
|
|
878 (let ((g (math-poly-gcd (cdr r1) (cdr r2))))
|
|
879 (let ((d1 (and (not (eq g 1)) (math-poly-div (cdr r1) g)))
|
|
880 (d2 (and (not (eq g 1)) (math-poly-div
|
|
881 (math-mul (car r1) (cdr r2))
|
|
882 g))))
|
|
883 (if (and (eq (cdr d1) 0) (eq (cdr d2) 0))
|
|
884 (cons (list (car expr) (car d2)
|
|
885 (math-mul (car r2) (car d1)))
|
|
886 (math-mul (car d1) (cdr r2)))
|
|
887 (cons (list (car expr)
|
|
888 (math-mul (car r1) (cdr r2))
|
|
889 (math-mul (car r2) (cdr r1)))
|
|
890 (math-mul (cdr r1) (cdr r2)))))))))))
|
|
891 ((eq (car expr) '*)
|
|
892 (let* ((r1 (math-to-ratpoly-rec (nth 1 expr)))
|
|
893 (r2 (math-to-ratpoly-rec (nth 2 expr)))
|
|
894 (g (math-mul (math-poly-gcd (car r1) (cdr r2))
|
|
895 (math-poly-gcd (cdr r1) (car r2)))))
|
|
896 (if (eq g 1)
|
|
897 (cons (math-mul (car r1) (car r2))
|
|
898 (math-mul (cdr r1) (cdr r2)))
|
|
899 (cons (math-poly-div-exact (math-mul (car r1) (car r2)) g)
|
|
900 (math-poly-div-exact (math-mul (cdr r1) (cdr r2)) g)))))
|
|
901 ((eq (car expr) '/)
|
|
902 (let* ((r1 (math-to-ratpoly-rec (nth 1 expr)))
|
|
903 (r2 (math-to-ratpoly-rec (nth 2 expr))))
|
|
904 (if (and (eq (cdr r1) 1) (eq (cdr r2) 1))
|
|
905 (cons (car r1) (car r2))
|
|
906 (let ((g (math-mul (math-poly-gcd (car r1) (car r2))
|
|
907 (math-poly-gcd (cdr r1) (cdr r2)))))
|
|
908 (if (eq g 1)
|
|
909 (cons (math-mul (car r1) (cdr r2))
|
|
910 (math-mul (cdr r1) (car r2)))
|
|
911 (cons (math-poly-div-exact (math-mul (car r1) (cdr r2)) g)
|
|
912 (math-poly-div-exact (math-mul (cdr r1) (car r2))
|
|
913 g)))))))
|
|
914 ((and (eq (car expr) '^) (integerp (nth 2 expr)))
|
|
915 (let ((r1 (math-to-ratpoly-rec (nth 1 expr))))
|
|
916 (if (> (nth 2 expr) 0)
|
|
917 (cons (math-pow (car r1) (nth 2 expr))
|
|
918 (math-pow (cdr r1) (nth 2 expr)))
|
|
919 (cons (math-pow (cdr r1) (- (nth 2 expr)))
|
|
920 (math-pow (car r1) (- (nth 2 expr)))))))
|
|
921 ((eq (car expr) 'neg)
|
|
922 (let ((r1 (math-to-ratpoly-rec (nth 1 expr))))
|
|
923 (cons (math-neg (car r1)) (cdr r1))))
|
41047
|
924 (t (cons expr 1))))
|
40785
|
925
|
|
926
|
|
927 (defun math-ratpoly-p (expr &optional var)
|
|
928 (cond ((equal expr var) 1)
|
|
929 ((Math-primp expr) 0)
|
|
930 ((memq (car expr) '(+ -))
|
|
931 (let ((p1 (math-ratpoly-p (nth 1 expr) var))
|
|
932 p2)
|
|
933 (and p1 (setq p2 (math-ratpoly-p (nth 2 expr) var))
|
|
934 (max p1 p2))))
|
|
935 ((eq (car expr) '*)
|
|
936 (let ((p1 (math-ratpoly-p (nth 1 expr) var))
|
|
937 p2)
|
|
938 (and p1 (setq p2 (math-ratpoly-p (nth 2 expr) var))
|
|
939 (+ p1 p2))))
|
|
940 ((eq (car expr) 'neg)
|
|
941 (math-ratpoly-p (nth 1 expr) var))
|
|
942 ((eq (car expr) '/)
|
|
943 (let ((p1 (math-ratpoly-p (nth 1 expr) var))
|
|
944 p2)
|
|
945 (and p1 (setq p2 (math-ratpoly-p (nth 2 expr) var))
|
|
946 (- p1 p2))))
|
|
947 ((and (eq (car expr) '^)
|
|
948 (integerp (nth 2 expr)))
|
|
949 (let ((p1 (math-ratpoly-p (nth 1 expr) var)))
|
|
950 (and p1 (* p1 (nth 2 expr)))))
|
|
951 ((not var) 1)
|
|
952 ((math-poly-depends expr var) nil)
|
41047
|
953 (t 0)))
|
40785
|
954
|
|
955
|
|
956 (defun calcFunc-apart (expr &optional var)
|
|
957 (cond ((Math-primp expr) expr)
|
|
958 ((eq (car expr) '+)
|
|
959 (math-add (calcFunc-apart (nth 1 expr) var)
|
|
960 (calcFunc-apart (nth 2 expr) var)))
|
|
961 ((eq (car expr) '-)
|
|
962 (math-sub (calcFunc-apart (nth 1 expr) var)
|
|
963 (calcFunc-apart (nth 2 expr) var)))
|
101419
|
964 ((and var (not (math-ratpoly-p expr var)))
|
|
965 (math-reject-arg expr "Expected a rational function"))
|
40785
|
966 (t
|
101419
|
967 (let* ((calc-prefer-frac t)
|
|
968 (rat (math-to-ratpoly expr))
|
|
969 (num (car rat))
|
|
970 (den (cdr rat)))
|
|
971 (or var
|
|
972 (setq var (math-polynomial-base den)))
|
|
973 (if (not (math-ratpoly-p expr var))
|
|
974 (math-reject-arg expr "Expected a rational function")
|
|
975 (let* ((qr (math-poly-div num den))
|
|
976 (q (car qr))
|
|
977 (r (cdr qr)))
|
|
978 (math-add q (or (and var
|
|
979 (math-expr-contains den var)
|
|
980 (math-partial-fractions r den var))
|
|
981 (math-div r den)))))))))
|
40785
|
982
|
|
983
|
|
984 (defun math-padded-polynomial (expr var deg)
|
81610
|
985 "Return a polynomial as list of coefficients.
|
|
986 If EXPR is of the form \"a + bx + cx^2 + ...\" in the variable VAR, return
|
|
987 the list (a b c ...) with at least DEG elements, else return NIL."
|
40785
|
988 (let ((p (math-is-polynomial expr var deg)))
|
41047
|
989 (append p (make-list (- deg (length p)) 0))))
|
40785
|
990
|
|
991 (defun math-partial-fractions (r den var)
|
81610
|
992 "Return R divided by DEN expressed in partial fractions of VAR.
|
|
993 All whole factors of DEN have already been split off from R.
|
|
994 If no partial fraction representation can be found, return nil."
|
40785
|
995 (let* ((fden (calcFunc-factors den var))
|
|
996 (tdeg (math-polynomial-p den var))
|
|
997 (fp fden)
|
|
998 (dlist nil)
|
|
999 (eqns 0)
|
|
1000 (lz nil)
|
|
1001 (tz (make-list (1- tdeg) 0))
|
|
1002 (calc-matrix-mode 'scalar))
|
|
1003 (and (not (and (= (length fden) 2) (eq (nth 2 (nth 1 fden)) 1)))
|
|
1004 (progn
|
|
1005 (while (setq fp (cdr fp))
|
|
1006 (let ((rpt (nth 2 (car fp)))
|
|
1007 (deg (math-polynomial-p (nth 1 (car fp)) var))
|
|
1008 dnum dvar deg2)
|
|
1009 (while (> rpt 0)
|
|
1010 (setq deg2 deg
|
|
1011 dnum 0)
|
|
1012 (while (> deg2 0)
|
|
1013 (setq dvar (append '(vec) lz '(1) tz)
|
|
1014 lz (cons 0 lz)
|
|
1015 tz (cdr tz)
|
|
1016 deg2 (1- deg2)
|
|
1017 dnum (math-add dnum (math-mul dvar
|
|
1018 (math-pow var deg2)))
|
|
1019 dlist (cons (and (= deg2 (1- deg))
|
|
1020 (math-pow (nth 1 (car fp)) rpt))
|
|
1021 dlist)))
|
|
1022 (let ((fpp fden)
|
|
1023 (mult 1))
|
|
1024 (while (setq fpp (cdr fpp))
|
|
1025 (or (eq fpp fp)
|
|
1026 (setq mult (math-mul mult
|
|
1027 (math-pow (nth 1 (car fpp))
|
|
1028 (nth 2 (car fpp)))))))
|
|
1029 (setq dnum (math-mul dnum mult)))
|
|
1030 (setq eqns (math-add eqns (math-mul dnum
|
|
1031 (math-pow
|
|
1032 (nth 1 (car fp))
|
|
1033 (- (nth 2 (car fp))
|
|
1034 rpt))))
|
|
1035 rpt (1- rpt)))))
|
|
1036 (setq eqns (math-div (cons 'vec (math-padded-polynomial r var tdeg))
|
|
1037 (math-transpose
|
|
1038 (cons 'vec
|
|
1039 (mapcar
|
|
1040 (function
|
|
1041 (lambda (x)
|
|
1042 (cons 'vec (math-padded-polynomial
|
|
1043 x var tdeg))))
|
|
1044 (cdr eqns))))))
|
|
1045 (and (math-vectorp eqns)
|
|
1046 (let ((res 0)
|
|
1047 (num nil))
|
|
1048 (setq eqns (nreverse eqns))
|
|
1049 (while eqns
|
|
1050 (setq num (cons (car eqns) num)
|
|
1051 eqns (cdr eqns))
|
|
1052 (if (car dlist)
|
|
1053 (setq num (math-build-polynomial-expr
|
|
1054 (nreverse num) var)
|
|
1055 res (math-add res (math-div num (car dlist)))
|
|
1056 num nil))
|
|
1057 (setq dlist (cdr dlist)))
|
41047
|
1058 (math-normalize res)))))))
|
40785
|
1059
|
|
1060
|
|
1061
|
|
1062 (defun math-expand-term (expr)
|
|
1063 (cond ((and (eq (car-safe expr) '*)
|
|
1064 (memq (car-safe (nth 1 expr)) '(+ -)))
|
|
1065 (math-add-or-sub (list '* (nth 1 (nth 1 expr)) (nth 2 expr))
|
|
1066 (list '* (nth 2 (nth 1 expr)) (nth 2 expr))
|
|
1067 nil (eq (car (nth 1 expr)) '-)))
|
|
1068 ((and (eq (car-safe expr) '*)
|
|
1069 (memq (car-safe (nth 2 expr)) '(+ -)))
|
|
1070 (math-add-or-sub (list '* (nth 1 expr) (nth 1 (nth 2 expr)))
|
|
1071 (list '* (nth 1 expr) (nth 2 (nth 2 expr)))
|
|
1072 nil (eq (car (nth 2 expr)) '-)))
|
|
1073 ((and (eq (car-safe expr) '/)
|
|
1074 (memq (car-safe (nth 1 expr)) '(+ -)))
|
|
1075 (math-add-or-sub (list '/ (nth 1 (nth 1 expr)) (nth 2 expr))
|
|
1076 (list '/ (nth 2 (nth 1 expr)) (nth 2 expr))
|
|
1077 nil (eq (car (nth 1 expr)) '-)))
|
|
1078 ((and (eq (car-safe expr) '^)
|
|
1079 (memq (car-safe (nth 1 expr)) '(+ -))
|
|
1080 (integerp (nth 2 expr))
|
65902
a15a1dd65d9e
(math-expand-term): Check for matrices instead of checking
Jay Belanger <jay.p.belanger@gmail.com>
diff
changeset
|
1081 (if (and
|
a15a1dd65d9e
(math-expand-term): Check for matrices instead of checking
Jay Belanger <jay.p.belanger@gmail.com>
diff
changeset
|
1082 (or (math-known-matrixp (nth 1 (nth 1 expr)))
|
a15a1dd65d9e
(math-expand-term): Check for matrices instead of checking
Jay Belanger <jay.p.belanger@gmail.com>
diff
changeset
|
1083 (math-known-matrixp (nth 2 (nth 1 expr)))
|
a15a1dd65d9e
(math-expand-term): Check for matrices instead of checking
Jay Belanger <jay.p.belanger@gmail.com>
diff
changeset
|
1084 (and
|
a15a1dd65d9e
(math-expand-term): Check for matrices instead of checking
Jay Belanger <jay.p.belanger@gmail.com>
diff
changeset
|
1085 calc-matrix-mode
|
a15a1dd65d9e
(math-expand-term): Check for matrices instead of checking
Jay Belanger <jay.p.belanger@gmail.com>
diff
changeset
|
1086 (not (eq calc-matrix-mode 'scalar))
|
a15a1dd65d9e
(math-expand-term): Check for matrices instead of checking
Jay Belanger <jay.p.belanger@gmail.com>
diff
changeset
|
1087 (not (and (math-known-scalarp (nth 1 (nth 1 expr)))
|
a15a1dd65d9e
(math-expand-term): Check for matrices instead of checking
Jay Belanger <jay.p.belanger@gmail.com>
diff
changeset
|
1088 (math-known-scalarp (nth 2 (nth 1 expr)))))))
|
a15a1dd65d9e
(math-expand-term): Check for matrices instead of checking
Jay Belanger <jay.p.belanger@gmail.com>
diff
changeset
|
1089 (> (nth 2 expr) 1))
|
65356
22640ddbd499
(math-expand-term): Multiply out the powers when in matrix mode.
Jay Belanger <jay.p.belanger@gmail.com>
diff
changeset
|
1090 (if (= (nth 2 expr) 2)
|
22640ddbd499
(math-expand-term): Multiply out the powers when in matrix mode.
Jay Belanger <jay.p.belanger@gmail.com>
diff
changeset
|
1091 (math-add-or-sub (list '* (nth 1 (nth 1 expr)) (nth 1 expr))
|
22640ddbd499
(math-expand-term): Multiply out the powers when in matrix mode.
Jay Belanger <jay.p.belanger@gmail.com>
diff
changeset
|
1092 (list '* (nth 2 (nth 1 expr)) (nth 1 expr))
|
22640ddbd499
(math-expand-term): Multiply out the powers when in matrix mode.
Jay Belanger <jay.p.belanger@gmail.com>
diff
changeset
|
1093 nil (eq (car (nth 1 expr)) '-))
|
22640ddbd499
(math-expand-term): Multiply out the powers when in matrix mode.
Jay Belanger <jay.p.belanger@gmail.com>
diff
changeset
|
1094 (math-add-or-sub (list '* (nth 1 (nth 1 expr))
|
22640ddbd499
(math-expand-term): Multiply out the powers when in matrix mode.
Jay Belanger <jay.p.belanger@gmail.com>
diff
changeset
|
1095 (list '^ (nth 1 expr)
|
22640ddbd499
(math-expand-term): Multiply out the powers when in matrix mode.
Jay Belanger <jay.p.belanger@gmail.com>
diff
changeset
|
1096 (1- (nth 2 expr))))
|
22640ddbd499
(math-expand-term): Multiply out the powers when in matrix mode.
Jay Belanger <jay.p.belanger@gmail.com>
diff
changeset
|
1097 (list '* (nth 2 (nth 1 expr))
|
22640ddbd499
(math-expand-term): Multiply out the powers when in matrix mode.
Jay Belanger <jay.p.belanger@gmail.com>
diff
changeset
|
1098 (list '^ (nth 1 expr)
|
22640ddbd499
(math-expand-term): Multiply out the powers when in matrix mode.
Jay Belanger <jay.p.belanger@gmail.com>
diff
changeset
|
1099 (1- (nth 2 expr))))
|
22640ddbd499
(math-expand-term): Multiply out the powers when in matrix mode.
Jay Belanger <jay.p.belanger@gmail.com>
diff
changeset
|
1100 nil (eq (car (nth 1 expr)) '-)))
|
22640ddbd499
(math-expand-term): Multiply out the powers when in matrix mode.
Jay Belanger <jay.p.belanger@gmail.com>
diff
changeset
|
1101 (if (> (nth 2 expr) 0)
|
22640ddbd499
(math-expand-term): Multiply out the powers when in matrix mode.
Jay Belanger <jay.p.belanger@gmail.com>
diff
changeset
|
1102 (or (and (or (> math-mt-many 500000) (< math-mt-many -500000))
|
22640ddbd499
(math-expand-term): Multiply out the powers when in matrix mode.
Jay Belanger <jay.p.belanger@gmail.com>
diff
changeset
|
1103 (math-expand-power (nth 1 expr) (nth 2 expr)
|
22640ddbd499
(math-expand-term): Multiply out the powers when in matrix mode.
Jay Belanger <jay.p.belanger@gmail.com>
diff
changeset
|
1104 nil t))
|
22640ddbd499
(math-expand-term): Multiply out the powers when in matrix mode.
Jay Belanger <jay.p.belanger@gmail.com>
diff
changeset
|
1105 (list '*
|
22640ddbd499
(math-expand-term): Multiply out the powers when in matrix mode.
Jay Belanger <jay.p.belanger@gmail.com>
diff
changeset
|
1106 (nth 1 expr)
|
22640ddbd499
(math-expand-term): Multiply out the powers when in matrix mode.
Jay Belanger <jay.p.belanger@gmail.com>
diff
changeset
|
1107 (list '^ (nth 1 expr) (1- (nth 2 expr)))))
|
22640ddbd499
(math-expand-term): Multiply out the powers when in matrix mode.
Jay Belanger <jay.p.belanger@gmail.com>
diff
changeset
|
1108 (if (< (nth 2 expr) 0)
|
22640ddbd499
(math-expand-term): Multiply out the powers when in matrix mode.
Jay Belanger <jay.p.belanger@gmail.com>
diff
changeset
|
1109 (list '/ 1 (list '^ (nth 1 expr) (- (nth 2 expr)))))))))
|
41047
|
1110 (t expr)))
|
40785
|
1111
|
|
1112 (defun calcFunc-expand (expr &optional many)
|
41047
|
1113 (math-normalize (math-map-tree 'math-expand-term expr many)))
|
40785
|
1114
|
|
1115 (defun math-expand-power (x n &optional var else-nil)
|
|
1116 (or (and (natnump n)
|
|
1117 (memq (car-safe x) '(+ -))
|
|
1118 (let ((terms nil)
|
|
1119 (cterms nil))
|
|
1120 (while (memq (car-safe x) '(+ -))
|
|
1121 (setq terms (cons (if (eq (car x) '-)
|
|
1122 (math-neg (nth 2 x))
|
|
1123 (nth 2 x))
|
|
1124 terms)
|
|
1125 x (nth 1 x)))
|
|
1126 (setq terms (cons x terms))
|
|
1127 (if var
|
|
1128 (let ((p terms))
|
|
1129 (while p
|
|
1130 (or (math-expr-contains (car p) var)
|
|
1131 (setq terms (delq (car p) terms)
|
|
1132 cterms (cons (car p) cterms)))
|
|
1133 (setq p (cdr p)))
|
|
1134 (if cterms
|
|
1135 (setq terms (cons (apply 'calcFunc-add cterms)
|
|
1136 terms)))))
|
|
1137 (if (= (length terms) 2)
|
|
1138 (let ((i 0)
|
|
1139 (accum 0))
|
|
1140 (while (<= i n)
|
|
1141 (setq accum (list '+ accum
|
|
1142 (list '* (calcFunc-choose n i)
|
|
1143 (list '*
|
|
1144 (list '^ (nth 1 terms) i)
|
|
1145 (list '^ (car terms)
|
|
1146 (- n i)))))
|
|
1147 i (1+ i)))
|
|
1148 accum)
|
|
1149 (if (= n 2)
|
|
1150 (let ((accum 0)
|
|
1151 (p1 terms)
|
|
1152 p2)
|
|
1153 (while p1
|
|
1154 (setq accum (list '+ accum
|
|
1155 (list '^ (car p1) 2))
|
|
1156 p2 p1)
|
|
1157 (while (setq p2 (cdr p2))
|
|
1158 (setq accum (list '+ accum
|
|
1159 (list '* 2 (list '*
|
|
1160 (car p1)
|
|
1161 (car p2))))))
|
|
1162 (setq p1 (cdr p1)))
|
|
1163 accum)
|
|
1164 (if (= n 3)
|
|
1165 (let ((accum 0)
|
|
1166 (p1 terms)
|
|
1167 p2 p3)
|
|
1168 (while p1
|
|
1169 (setq accum (list '+ accum (list '^ (car p1) 3))
|
|
1170 p2 p1)
|
|
1171 (while (setq p2 (cdr p2))
|
|
1172 (setq accum (list '+
|
|
1173 (list '+
|
|
1174 accum
|
|
1175 (list '* 3
|
|
1176 (list
|
|
1177 '*
|
|
1178 (list '^ (car p1) 2)
|
|
1179 (car p2))))
|
|
1180 (list '* 3
|
|
1181 (list
|
|
1182 '* (car p1)
|
|
1183 (list '^ (car p2) 2))))
|
|
1184 p3 p2)
|
|
1185 (while (setq p3 (cdr p3))
|
|
1186 (setq accum (list '+ accum
|
|
1187 (list '* 6
|
|
1188 (list '*
|
|
1189 (car p1)
|
|
1190 (list
|
|
1191 '* (car p2)
|
|
1192 (car p3))))))))
|
|
1193 (setq p1 (cdr p1)))
|
|
1194 accum))))))
|
|
1195 (and (not else-nil)
|
41047
|
1196 (list '^ x n))))
|
40785
|
1197
|
|
1198 (defun calcFunc-expandpow (x n)
|
41047
|
1199 (math-normalize (math-expand-power x n)))
|
40785
|
1200
|
58667
|
1201 (provide 'calc-poly)
|
|
1202
|
93975
|
1203 ;; arch-tag: d2566c51-2ccc-45f1-8c50-f3462c2953ff
|
41047
|
1204 ;;; calc-poly.el ends here
|