Mercurial > emacs
annotate lisp/calc/calc-poly.el @ 41047:73f364fd8aaa
Style cleanup; don't put closing parens on their
own line, add "foo.el ends here" to each file, and update
copyright date.
author | Colin Walters <walters@gnu.org> |
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date | Wed, 14 Nov 2001 09:09:09 +0000 |
parents | 2fb9d407ae73 |
children | fcd507927105 |
rev | line source |
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40785 | 1 ;; Calculator for GNU Emacs, part II [calc-poly.el] |
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2 ;; Copyright (C) 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
40785 | 3 ;; Written by Dave Gillespie, daveg@synaptics.com. |
4 | |
5 ;; This file is part of GNU Emacs. | |
6 | |
7 ;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, | |
8 ;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY. No author or distributor | |
9 ;; accepts responsibility to anyone for the consequences of using it | |
10 ;; or for whether it serves any particular purpose or works at all, | |
11 ;; unless he says so in writing. Refer to the GNU Emacs General Public | |
12 ;; License for full details. | |
13 | |
14 ;; Everyone is granted permission to copy, modify and redistribute | |
15 ;; GNU Emacs, but only under the conditions described in the | |
16 ;; GNU Emacs General Public License. A copy of this license is | |
17 ;; supposed to have been given to you along with GNU Emacs so you | |
18 ;; can know your rights and responsibilities. It should be in a | |
19 ;; file named COPYING. Among other things, the copyright notice | |
20 ;; and this notice must be preserved on all copies. | |
21 | |
22 | |
23 | |
24 ;; This file is autoloaded from calc-ext.el. | |
25 (require 'calc-ext) | |
26 | |
27 (require 'calc-macs) | |
28 | |
29 (defun calc-Need-calc-poly () nil) | |
30 | |
31 | |
32 (defun calcFunc-pcont (expr &optional var) | |
33 (cond ((Math-primp expr) | |
34 (cond ((Math-zerop expr) 1) | |
35 ((Math-messy-integerp expr) (math-trunc expr)) | |
36 ((Math-objectp expr) expr) | |
37 ((or (equal expr var) (not var)) 1) | |
38 (t expr))) | |
39 ((eq (car expr) '*) | |
40 (math-mul (calcFunc-pcont (nth 1 expr) var) | |
41 (calcFunc-pcont (nth 2 expr) var))) | |
42 ((eq (car expr) '/) | |
43 (math-div (calcFunc-pcont (nth 1 expr) var) | |
44 (calcFunc-pcont (nth 2 expr) var))) | |
45 ((and (eq (car expr) '^) (Math-natnump (nth 2 expr))) | |
46 (math-pow (calcFunc-pcont (nth 1 expr) var) (nth 2 expr))) | |
47 ((memq (car expr) '(neg polar)) | |
48 (calcFunc-pcont (nth 1 expr) var)) | |
49 ((consp var) | |
50 (let ((p (math-is-polynomial expr var))) | |
51 (if p | |
52 (let ((lead (nth (1- (length p)) p)) | |
53 (cont (math-poly-gcd-list p))) | |
54 (if (math-guess-if-neg lead) | |
55 (math-neg cont) | |
56 cont)) | |
57 1))) | |
58 ((memq (car expr) '(+ - cplx sdev)) | |
59 (let ((cont (calcFunc-pcont (nth 1 expr) var))) | |
60 (if (eq cont 1) | |
61 1 | |
62 (let ((c2 (calcFunc-pcont (nth 2 expr) var))) | |
63 (if (and (math-negp cont) | |
64 (if (eq (car expr) '-) (math-posp c2) (math-negp c2))) | |
65 (math-neg (math-poly-gcd cont c2)) | |
66 (math-poly-gcd cont c2)))))) | |
67 (var expr) | |
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68 (t 1))) |
40785 | 69 |
70 (defun calcFunc-pprim (expr &optional var) | |
71 (let ((cont (calcFunc-pcont expr var))) | |
72 (if (math-equal-int cont 1) | |
73 expr | |
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74 (math-poly-div-exact expr cont var)))) |
40785 | 75 |
76 (defun math-div-poly-const (expr c) | |
77 (cond ((memq (car-safe expr) '(+ -)) | |
78 (list (car expr) | |
79 (math-div-poly-const (nth 1 expr) c) | |
80 (math-div-poly-const (nth 2 expr) c))) | |
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81 (t (math-div expr c)))) |
40785 | 82 |
83 (defun calcFunc-pdeg (expr &optional var) | |
84 (if (Math-zerop expr) | |
85 '(neg (var inf var-inf)) | |
86 (if var | |
87 (or (math-polynomial-p expr var) | |
88 (math-reject-arg expr "Expected a polynomial")) | |
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89 (math-poly-degree expr)))) |
40785 | 90 |
91 (defun math-poly-degree (expr) | |
92 (cond ((Math-primp expr) | |
93 (if (eq (car-safe expr) 'var) 1 0)) | |
94 ((eq (car expr) 'neg) | |
95 (math-poly-degree (nth 1 expr))) | |
96 ((eq (car expr) '*) | |
97 (+ (math-poly-degree (nth 1 expr)) | |
98 (math-poly-degree (nth 2 expr)))) | |
99 ((eq (car expr) '/) | |
100 (- (math-poly-degree (nth 1 expr)) | |
101 (math-poly-degree (nth 2 expr)))) | |
102 ((and (eq (car expr) '^) (natnump (nth 2 expr))) | |
103 (* (math-poly-degree (nth 1 expr)) (nth 2 expr))) | |
104 ((memq (car expr) '(+ -)) | |
105 (max (math-poly-degree (nth 1 expr)) | |
106 (math-poly-degree (nth 2 expr)))) | |
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107 (t 1))) |
40785 | 108 |
109 (defun calcFunc-plead (expr var) | |
110 (cond ((eq (car-safe expr) '*) | |
111 (math-mul (calcFunc-plead (nth 1 expr) var) | |
112 (calcFunc-plead (nth 2 expr) var))) | |
113 ((eq (car-safe expr) '/) | |
114 (math-div (calcFunc-plead (nth 1 expr) var) | |
115 (calcFunc-plead (nth 2 expr) var))) | |
116 ((and (eq (car-safe expr) '^) (math-natnump (nth 2 expr))) | |
117 (math-pow (calcFunc-plead (nth 1 expr) var) (nth 2 expr))) | |
118 ((Math-primp expr) | |
119 (if (equal expr var) | |
120 1 | |
121 expr)) | |
122 (t | |
123 (let ((p (math-is-polynomial expr var))) | |
124 (if (cdr p) | |
125 (nth (1- (length p)) p) | |
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126 1))))) |
40785 | 127 |
128 | |
129 | |
130 | |
131 | |
132 ;;; Polynomial quotient, remainder, and GCD. | |
133 ;;; Originally by Ove Ewerlid (ewerlid@mizar.DoCS.UU.SE). | |
134 ;;; Modifications and simplifications by daveg. | |
135 | |
136 (setq math-poly-modulus 1) | |
137 | |
138 ;;; Return gcd of two polynomials | |
139 (defun calcFunc-pgcd (pn pd) | |
140 (if (math-any-floats pn) | |
141 (math-reject-arg pn "Coefficients must be rational")) | |
142 (if (math-any-floats pd) | |
143 (math-reject-arg pd "Coefficients must be rational")) | |
144 (let ((calc-prefer-frac t) | |
145 (math-poly-modulus (math-poly-modulus pn pd))) | |
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146 (math-poly-gcd pn pd))) |
40785 | 147 |
148 ;;; Return only quotient to top of stack (nil if zero) | |
149 (defun calcFunc-pdiv (pn pd &optional base) | |
150 (let* ((calc-prefer-frac t) | |
151 (math-poly-modulus (math-poly-modulus pn pd)) | |
152 (res (math-poly-div pn pd base))) | |
153 (setq calc-poly-div-remainder (cdr res)) | |
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154 (car res))) |
40785 | 155 |
156 ;;; Return only remainder to top of stack | |
157 (defun calcFunc-prem (pn pd &optional base) | |
158 (let ((calc-prefer-frac t) | |
159 (math-poly-modulus (math-poly-modulus pn pd))) | |
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160 (cdr (math-poly-div pn pd base)))) |
40785 | 161 |
162 (defun calcFunc-pdivrem (pn pd &optional base) | |
163 (let* ((calc-prefer-frac t) | |
164 (math-poly-modulus (math-poly-modulus pn pd)) | |
165 (res (math-poly-div pn pd base))) | |
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166 (list 'vec (car res) (cdr res)))) |
40785 | 167 |
168 (defun calcFunc-pdivide (pn pd &optional base) | |
169 (let* ((calc-prefer-frac t) | |
170 (math-poly-modulus (math-poly-modulus pn pd)) | |
171 (res (math-poly-div pn pd base))) | |
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172 (math-add (car res) (math-div (cdr res) pd)))) |
40785 | 173 |
174 | |
175 ;;; Multiply two terms, expanding out products of sums. | |
176 (defun math-mul-thru (lhs rhs) | |
177 (if (memq (car-safe lhs) '(+ -)) | |
178 (list (car lhs) | |
179 (math-mul-thru (nth 1 lhs) rhs) | |
180 (math-mul-thru (nth 2 lhs) rhs)) | |
181 (if (memq (car-safe rhs) '(+ -)) | |
182 (list (car rhs) | |
183 (math-mul-thru lhs (nth 1 rhs)) | |
184 (math-mul-thru lhs (nth 2 rhs))) | |
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185 (math-mul lhs rhs)))) |
40785 | 186 |
187 (defun math-div-thru (num den) | |
188 (if (memq (car-safe num) '(+ -)) | |
189 (list (car num) | |
190 (math-div-thru (nth 1 num) den) | |
191 (math-div-thru (nth 2 num) den)) | |
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192 (math-div num den))) |
40785 | 193 |
194 | |
195 ;;; Sort the terms of a sum into canonical order. | |
196 (defun math-sort-terms (expr) | |
197 (if (memq (car-safe expr) '(+ -)) | |
198 (math-list-to-sum | |
199 (sort (math-sum-to-list expr) | |
200 (function (lambda (a b) (math-beforep (car a) (car b)))))) | |
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201 expr)) |
40785 | 202 |
203 (defun math-list-to-sum (lst) | |
204 (if (cdr lst) | |
205 (list (if (cdr (car lst)) '- '+) | |
206 (math-list-to-sum (cdr lst)) | |
207 (car (car lst))) | |
208 (if (cdr (car lst)) | |
209 (math-neg (car (car lst))) | |
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210 (car (car lst))))) |
40785 | 211 |
212 (defun math-sum-to-list (tree &optional neg) | |
213 (cond ((eq (car-safe tree) '+) | |
214 (nconc (math-sum-to-list (nth 1 tree) neg) | |
215 (math-sum-to-list (nth 2 tree) neg))) | |
216 ((eq (car-safe tree) '-) | |
217 (nconc (math-sum-to-list (nth 1 tree) neg) | |
218 (math-sum-to-list (nth 2 tree) (not neg)))) | |
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219 (t (list (cons tree neg))))) |
40785 | 220 |
221 ;;; Check if the polynomial coefficients are modulo forms. | |
222 (defun math-poly-modulus (expr &optional expr2) | |
223 (or (math-poly-modulus-rec expr) | |
224 (and expr2 (math-poly-modulus-rec expr2)) | |
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225 1)) |
40785 | 226 |
227 (defun math-poly-modulus-rec (expr) | |
228 (if (and (eq (car-safe expr) 'mod) (Math-natnump (nth 2 expr))) | |
229 (list 'mod 1 (nth 2 expr)) | |
230 (and (memq (car-safe expr) '(+ - * /)) | |
231 (or (math-poly-modulus-rec (nth 1 expr)) | |
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232 (math-poly-modulus-rec (nth 2 expr)))))) |
40785 | 233 |
234 | |
235 ;;; Divide two polynomials. Return (quotient . remainder). | |
236 (defun math-poly-div (u v &optional math-poly-div-base) | |
237 (if math-poly-div-base | |
238 (math-do-poly-div u v) | |
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239 (math-do-poly-div (calcFunc-expand u) (calcFunc-expand v)))) |
40785 | 240 (setq math-poly-div-base nil) |
241 | |
242 (defun math-poly-div-exact (u v &optional base) | |
243 (let ((res (math-poly-div u v base))) | |
244 (if (eq (cdr res) 0) | |
245 (car res) | |
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246 (math-reject-arg (list 'vec u v) "Argument is not a polynomial")))) |
40785 | 247 |
248 (defun math-do-poly-div (u v) | |
249 (cond ((math-constp u) | |
250 (if (math-constp v) | |
251 (cons (math-div u v) 0) | |
252 (cons 0 u))) | |
253 ((math-constp v) | |
254 (cons (if (eq v 1) | |
255 u | |
256 (if (memq (car-safe u) '(+ -)) | |
257 (math-add-or-sub (math-poly-div-exact (nth 1 u) v) | |
258 (math-poly-div-exact (nth 2 u) v) | |
259 nil (eq (car u) '-)) | |
260 (math-div u v))) | |
261 0)) | |
262 ((Math-equal u v) | |
263 (cons math-poly-modulus 0)) | |
264 ((and (math-atomic-factorp u) (math-atomic-factorp v)) | |
265 (cons (math-simplify (math-div u v)) 0)) | |
266 (t | |
267 (let ((base (or math-poly-div-base | |
268 (math-poly-div-base u v))) | |
269 vp up res) | |
270 (if (or (null base) | |
271 (null (setq vp (math-is-polynomial v base nil 'gen)))) | |
272 (cons 0 u) | |
273 (setq up (math-is-polynomial u base nil 'gen) | |
274 res (math-poly-div-coefs up vp)) | |
275 (cons (math-build-polynomial-expr (car res) base) | |
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276 (math-build-polynomial-expr (cdr res) base))))))) |
40785 | 277 |
278 (defun math-poly-div-rec (u v) | |
279 (cond ((math-constp u) | |
280 (math-div u v)) | |
281 ((math-constp v) | |
282 (if (eq v 1) | |
283 u | |
284 (if (memq (car-safe u) '(+ -)) | |
285 (math-add-or-sub (math-poly-div-rec (nth 1 u) v) | |
286 (math-poly-div-rec (nth 2 u) v) | |
287 nil (eq (car u) '-)) | |
288 (math-div u v)))) | |
289 ((Math-equal u v) math-poly-modulus) | |
290 ((and (math-atomic-factorp u) (math-atomic-factorp v)) | |
291 (math-simplify (math-div u v))) | |
292 (math-poly-div-base | |
293 (math-div u v)) | |
294 (t | |
295 (let ((base (math-poly-div-base u v)) | |
296 vp up res) | |
297 (if (or (null base) | |
298 (null (setq vp (math-is-polynomial v base nil 'gen)))) | |
299 (math-div u v) | |
300 (setq up (math-is-polynomial u base nil 'gen) | |
301 res (math-poly-div-coefs up vp)) | |
302 (math-add (math-build-polynomial-expr (car res) base) | |
303 (math-div (math-build-polynomial-expr (cdr res) base) | |
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304 v))))))) |
40785 | 305 |
306 ;;; Divide two polynomials in coefficient-list form. Return (quot . rem). | |
307 (defun math-poly-div-coefs (u v) | |
308 (cond ((null v) (math-reject-arg nil "Division by zero")) | |
309 ((< (length u) (length v)) (cons nil u)) | |
310 ((cdr u) | |
311 (let ((q nil) | |
312 (urev (reverse u)) | |
313 (vrev (reverse v))) | |
314 (while | |
315 (let ((qk (math-poly-div-rec (math-simplify (car urev)) | |
316 (car vrev))) | |
317 (up urev) | |
318 (vp vrev)) | |
319 (if (or q (not (math-zerop qk))) | |
320 (setq q (cons qk q))) | |
321 (while (setq up (cdr up) vp (cdr vp)) | |
322 (setcar up (math-sub (car up) (math-mul-thru qk (car vp))))) | |
323 (setq urev (cdr urev)) | |
324 up)) | |
325 (while (and urev (Math-zerop (car urev))) | |
326 (setq urev (cdr urev))) | |
327 (cons q (nreverse (mapcar 'math-simplify urev))))) | |
328 (t | |
329 (cons (list (math-poly-div-rec (car u) (car v))) | |
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330 nil)))) |
40785 | 331 |
332 ;;; Perform a pseudo-division of polynomials. (See Knuth section 4.6.1.) | |
333 ;;; This returns only the remainder from the pseudo-division. | |
334 (defun math-poly-pseudo-div (u v) | |
335 (cond ((null v) nil) | |
336 ((< (length u) (length v)) u) | |
337 ((or (cdr u) (cdr v)) | |
338 (let ((urev (reverse u)) | |
339 (vrev (reverse v)) | |
340 up) | |
341 (while | |
342 (let ((vp vrev)) | |
343 (setq up urev) | |
344 (while (setq up (cdr up) vp (cdr vp)) | |
345 (setcar up (math-sub (math-mul-thru (car vrev) (car up)) | |
346 (math-mul-thru (car urev) (car vp))))) | |
347 (setq urev (cdr urev)) | |
348 up) | |
349 (while up | |
350 (setcar up (math-mul-thru (car vrev) (car up))) | |
351 (setq up (cdr up)))) | |
352 (while (and urev (Math-zerop (car urev))) | |
353 (setq urev (cdr urev))) | |
354 (nreverse (mapcar 'math-simplify urev)))) | |
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355 (t nil))) |
40785 | 356 |
357 ;;; Compute the GCD of two multivariate polynomials. | |
358 (defun math-poly-gcd (u v) | |
359 (cond ((Math-equal u v) u) | |
360 ((math-constp u) | |
361 (if (Math-zerop u) | |
362 v | |
363 (calcFunc-gcd u (calcFunc-pcont v)))) | |
364 ((math-constp v) | |
365 (if (Math-zerop v) | |
366 v | |
367 (calcFunc-gcd v (calcFunc-pcont u)))) | |
368 (t | |
369 (let ((base (math-poly-gcd-base u v))) | |
370 (if base | |
371 (math-simplify | |
372 (calcFunc-expand | |
373 (math-build-polynomial-expr | |
374 (math-poly-gcd-coefs (math-is-polynomial u base nil 'gen) | |
375 (math-is-polynomial v base nil 'gen)) | |
376 base))) | |
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377 (calcFunc-gcd (calcFunc-pcont u) (calcFunc-pcont u))))))) |
40785 | 378 |
379 (defun math-poly-div-list (lst a) | |
380 (if (eq a 1) | |
381 lst | |
382 (if (eq a -1) | |
383 (math-mul-list lst a) | |
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384 (mapcar (function (lambda (x) (math-poly-div-exact x a))) lst)))) |
40785 | 385 |
386 (defun math-mul-list (lst a) | |
387 (if (eq a 1) | |
388 lst | |
389 (if (eq a -1) | |
390 (mapcar 'math-neg lst) | |
391 (and (not (eq a 0)) | |
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392 (mapcar (function (lambda (x) (math-mul x a))) lst))))) |
40785 | 393 |
394 ;;; Run GCD on all elements in a list. | |
395 (defun math-poly-gcd-list (lst) | |
396 (if (or (memq 1 lst) (memq -1 lst)) | |
397 (math-poly-gcd-frac-list lst) | |
398 (let ((gcd (car lst))) | |
399 (while (and (setq lst (cdr lst)) (not (eq gcd 1))) | |
400 (or (eq (car lst) 0) | |
401 (setq gcd (math-poly-gcd gcd (car lst))))) | |
402 (if lst (setq lst (math-poly-gcd-frac-list lst))) | |
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403 gcd))) |
40785 | 404 |
405 (defun math-poly-gcd-frac-list (lst) | |
406 (while (and lst (not (eq (car-safe (car lst)) 'frac))) | |
407 (setq lst (cdr lst))) | |
408 (if lst | |
409 (let ((denom (nth 2 (car lst)))) | |
410 (while (setq lst (cdr lst)) | |
411 (if (eq (car-safe (car lst)) 'frac) | |
412 (setq denom (calcFunc-lcm denom (nth 2 (car lst)))))) | |
413 (list 'frac 1 denom)) | |
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414 1)) |
40785 | 415 |
416 ;;; Compute the GCD of two monovariate polynomial lists. | |
417 ;;; Knuth section 4.6.1, algorithm C. | |
418 (defun math-poly-gcd-coefs (u v) | |
419 (let ((d (math-poly-gcd (math-poly-gcd-list u) | |
420 (math-poly-gcd-list v))) | |
421 (g 1) (h 1) (z 0) hh r delta ghd) | |
422 (while (and u v (Math-zerop (car u)) (Math-zerop (car v))) | |
423 (setq u (cdr u) v (cdr v) z (1+ z))) | |
424 (or (eq d 1) | |
425 (setq u (math-poly-div-list u d) | |
426 v (math-poly-div-list v d))) | |
427 (while (progn | |
428 (setq delta (- (length u) (length v))) | |
429 (if (< delta 0) | |
430 (setq r u u v v r delta (- delta))) | |
431 (setq r (math-poly-pseudo-div u v)) | |
432 (cdr r)) | |
433 (setq u v | |
434 v (math-poly-div-list r (math-mul g (math-pow h delta))) | |
435 g (nth (1- (length u)) u) | |
436 h (if (<= delta 1) | |
437 (math-mul (math-pow g delta) (math-pow h (- 1 delta))) | |
438 (math-poly-div-exact (math-pow g delta) | |
439 (math-pow h (1- delta)))))) | |
440 (setq v (if r | |
441 (list d) | |
442 (math-mul-list (math-poly-div-list v (math-poly-gcd-list v)) d))) | |
443 (if (math-guess-if-neg (nth (1- (length v)) v)) | |
444 (setq v (math-mul-list v -1))) | |
445 (while (>= (setq z (1- z)) 0) | |
446 (setq v (cons 0 v))) | |
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447 v)) |
40785 | 448 |
449 | |
450 ;;; Return true if is a factor containing no sums or quotients. | |
451 (defun math-atomic-factorp (expr) | |
452 (cond ((eq (car-safe expr) '*) | |
453 (and (math-atomic-factorp (nth 1 expr)) | |
454 (math-atomic-factorp (nth 2 expr)))) | |
455 ((memq (car-safe expr) '(+ - /)) | |
456 nil) | |
457 ((memq (car-safe expr) '(^ neg)) | |
458 (math-atomic-factorp (nth 1 expr))) | |
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459 (t t))) |
40785 | 460 |
461 ;;; Find a suitable base for dividing a by b. | |
462 ;;; The base must exist in both expressions. | |
463 ;;; The degree in the numerator must be higher or equal than the | |
464 ;;; degree in the denominator. | |
465 ;;; If the above conditions are not met the quotient is just a remainder. | |
466 ;;; Return nil if this is the case. | |
467 | |
468 (defun math-poly-div-base (a b) | |
469 (let (a-base b-base) | |
470 (and (setq a-base (math-total-polynomial-base a)) | |
471 (setq b-base (math-total-polynomial-base b)) | |
472 (catch 'return | |
473 (while a-base | |
474 (let ((maybe (assoc (car (car a-base)) b-base))) | |
475 (if maybe | |
476 (if (>= (nth 1 (car a-base)) (nth 1 maybe)) | |
477 (throw 'return (car (car a-base)))))) | |
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478 (setq a-base (cdr a-base))))))) |
40785 | 479 |
480 ;;; Same as above but for gcd algorithm. | |
481 ;;; Here there is no requirement that degree(a) > degree(b). | |
482 ;;; Take the base that has the highest degree considering both a and b. | |
483 ;;; ("a^20+b^21+x^3+a+b", "a+b^2+x^5+a^22+b^10") --> (a 22) | |
484 | |
485 (defun math-poly-gcd-base (a b) | |
486 (let (a-base b-base) | |
487 (and (setq a-base (math-total-polynomial-base a)) | |
488 (setq b-base (math-total-polynomial-base b)) | |
489 (catch 'return | |
490 (while (and a-base b-base) | |
491 (if (> (nth 1 (car a-base)) (nth 1 (car b-base))) | |
492 (if (assoc (car (car a-base)) b-base) | |
493 (throw 'return (car (car a-base))) | |
494 (setq a-base (cdr a-base))) | |
495 (if (assoc (car (car b-base)) a-base) | |
496 (throw 'return (car (car b-base))) | |
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497 (setq b-base (cdr b-base))))))))) |
40785 | 498 |
499 ;;; Sort a list of polynomial bases. | |
500 (defun math-sort-poly-base-list (lst) | |
501 (sort lst (function (lambda (a b) | |
502 (or (> (nth 1 a) (nth 1 b)) | |
503 (and (= (nth 1 a) (nth 1 b)) | |
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504 (math-beforep (car a) (car b)))))))) |
40785 | 505 |
506 ;;; Given an expression find all variables that are polynomial bases. | |
507 ;;; Return list in the form '( (var1 degree1) (var2 degree2) ... ). | |
508 ;;; Note dynamic scope of mpb-total-base. | |
509 (defun math-total-polynomial-base (expr) | |
510 (let ((mpb-total-base nil)) | |
511 (math-polynomial-base expr 'math-polynomial-p1) | |
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512 (math-sort-poly-base-list mpb-total-base))) |
40785 | 513 |
514 (defun math-polynomial-p1 (subexpr) | |
515 (or (assoc subexpr mpb-total-base) | |
516 (memq (car subexpr) '(+ - * / neg)) | |
517 (and (eq (car subexpr) '^) (natnump (nth 2 subexpr))) | |
518 (let* ((math-poly-base-variable subexpr) | |
519 (exponent (math-polynomial-p mpb-top-expr subexpr))) | |
520 (if exponent | |
521 (setq mpb-total-base (cons (list subexpr exponent) | |
522 mpb-total-base))))) | |
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523 nil) |
40785 | 524 |
525 | |
526 | |
527 | |
528 (defun calcFunc-factors (expr &optional var) | |
529 (let ((math-factored-vars (if var t nil)) | |
530 (math-to-list t) | |
531 (calc-prefer-frac t)) | |
532 (or var | |
533 (setq var (math-polynomial-base expr))) | |
534 (let ((res (math-factor-finish | |
535 (or (catch 'factor (math-factor-expr-try var)) | |
536 expr)))) | |
537 (math-simplify (if (math-vectorp res) | |
538 res | |
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539 (list 'vec (list 'vec res 1))))))) |
40785 | 540 |
541 (defun calcFunc-factor (expr &optional var) | |
542 (let ((math-factored-vars nil) | |
543 (math-to-list nil) | |
544 (calc-prefer-frac t)) | |
545 (math-simplify (math-factor-finish | |
546 (if var | |
547 (let ((math-factored-vars t)) | |
548 (or (catch 'factor (math-factor-expr-try var)) expr)) | |
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549 (math-factor-expr expr)))))) |
40785 | 550 |
551 (defun math-factor-finish (x) | |
552 (if (Math-primp x) | |
553 x | |
554 (if (eq (car x) 'calcFunc-Fac-Prot) | |
555 (math-factor-finish (nth 1 x)) | |
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556 (cons (car x) (mapcar 'math-factor-finish (cdr x)))))) |
40785 | 557 |
558 (defun math-factor-protect (x) | |
559 (if (memq (car-safe x) '(+ -)) | |
560 (list 'calcFunc-Fac-Prot x) | |
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561 x)) |
40785 | 562 |
563 (defun math-factor-expr (expr) | |
564 (cond ((eq math-factored-vars t) expr) | |
565 ((or (memq (car-safe expr) '(* / ^ neg)) | |
566 (assq (car-safe expr) calc-tweak-eqn-table)) | |
567 (cons (car expr) (mapcar 'math-factor-expr (cdr expr)))) | |
568 ((memq (car-safe expr) '(+ -)) | |
569 (let* ((math-factored-vars math-factored-vars) | |
570 (y (catch 'factor (math-factor-expr-part expr)))) | |
571 (if y | |
572 (math-factor-expr y) | |
573 expr))) | |
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574 (t expr))) |
40785 | 575 |
576 (defun math-factor-expr-part (x) ; uses "expr" | |
577 (if (memq (car-safe x) '(+ - * / ^ neg)) | |
578 (while (setq x (cdr x)) | |
579 (math-factor-expr-part (car x))) | |
580 (and (not (Math-objvecp x)) | |
581 (not (assoc x math-factored-vars)) | |
582 (> (math-factor-contains expr x) 1) | |
583 (setq math-factored-vars (cons (list x) math-factored-vars)) | |
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584 (math-factor-expr-try x)))) |
40785 | 585 |
586 (defun math-factor-expr-try (x) | |
587 (if (eq (car-safe expr) '*) | |
588 (let ((res1 (catch 'factor (let ((expr (nth 1 expr))) | |
589 (math-factor-expr-try x)))) | |
590 (res2 (catch 'factor (let ((expr (nth 2 expr))) | |
591 (math-factor-expr-try x))))) | |
592 (and (or res1 res2) | |
593 (throw 'factor (math-accum-factors (or res1 (nth 1 expr)) 1 | |
594 (or res2 (nth 2 expr)))))) | |
595 (let* ((p (math-is-polynomial expr x 30 'gen)) | |
596 (math-poly-modulus (math-poly-modulus expr)) | |
597 res) | |
598 (and (cdr p) | |
599 (setq res (math-factor-poly-coefs p)) | |
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600 (throw 'factor res))))) |
40785 | 601 |
602 (defun math-accum-factors (fac pow facs) | |
603 (if math-to-list | |
604 (if (math-vectorp fac) | |
605 (progn | |
606 (while (setq fac (cdr fac)) | |
607 (setq facs (math-accum-factors (nth 1 (car fac)) | |
608 (* pow (nth 2 (car fac))) | |
609 facs))) | |
610 facs) | |
611 (if (and (eq (car-safe fac) '^) (natnump (nth 2 fac))) | |
612 (setq pow (* pow (nth 2 fac)) | |
613 fac (nth 1 fac))) | |
614 (if (eq fac 1) | |
615 facs | |
616 (or (math-vectorp facs) | |
617 (setq facs (if (eq facs 1) '(vec) | |
618 (list 'vec (list 'vec facs 1))))) | |
619 (let ((found facs)) | |
620 (while (and (setq found (cdr found)) | |
621 (not (equal fac (nth 1 (car found)))))) | |
622 (if found | |
623 (progn | |
624 (setcar (cdr (cdr (car found))) (+ pow (nth 2 (car found)))) | |
625 facs) | |
626 ;; Put constant term first. | |
627 (if (and (cdr facs) (Math-ratp (nth 1 (nth 1 facs)))) | |
628 (cons 'vec (cons (nth 1 facs) (cons (list 'vec fac pow) | |
629 (cdr (cdr facs))))) | |
630 (cons 'vec (cons (list 'vec fac pow) (cdr facs)))))))) | |
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631 (math-mul (math-pow fac pow) facs))) |
40785 | 632 |
633 (defun math-factor-poly-coefs (p &optional square-free) ; uses "x" | |
634 (let (t1 t2) | |
635 (cond ((not (cdr p)) | |
636 (or (car p) 0)) | |
637 | |
638 ;; Strip off multiples of x. | |
639 ((Math-zerop (car p)) | |
640 (let ((z 0)) | |
641 (while (and p (Math-zerop (car p))) | |
642 (setq z (1+ z) p (cdr p))) | |
643 (if (cdr p) | |
644 (setq p (math-factor-poly-coefs p square-free)) | |
645 (setq p (math-sort-terms (math-factor-expr (car p))))) | |
646 (math-accum-factors x z (math-factor-protect p)))) | |
647 | |
648 ;; Factor out content. | |
649 ((and (not square-free) | |
650 (not (eq 1 (setq t1 (math-mul (math-poly-gcd-list p) | |
651 (if (math-guess-if-neg | |
652 (nth (1- (length p)) p)) | |
653 -1 1)))))) | |
654 (math-accum-factors t1 1 (math-factor-poly-coefs | |
655 (math-poly-div-list p t1) 'cont))) | |
656 | |
657 ;; Check if linear in x. | |
658 ((not (cdr (cdr p))) | |
659 (math-add (math-factor-protect | |
660 (math-sort-terms | |
661 (math-factor-expr (car p)))) | |
662 (math-mul x (math-factor-protect | |
663 (math-sort-terms | |
664 (math-factor-expr (nth 1 p))))))) | |
665 | |
666 ;; If symbolic coefficients, use FactorRules. | |
667 ((let ((pp p)) | |
668 (while (and pp (or (Math-ratp (car pp)) | |
669 (and (eq (car (car pp)) 'mod) | |
670 (Math-integerp (nth 1 (car pp))) | |
671 (Math-integerp (nth 2 (car pp)))))) | |
672 (setq pp (cdr pp))) | |
673 pp) | |
674 (let ((res (math-rewrite | |
675 (list 'calcFunc-thecoefs x (cons 'vec p)) | |
676 '(var FactorRules var-FactorRules)))) | |
677 (or (and (eq (car-safe res) 'calcFunc-thefactors) | |
678 (= (length res) 3) | |
679 (math-vectorp (nth 2 res)) | |
680 (let ((facs 1) | |
681 (vec (nth 2 res))) | |
682 (while (setq vec (cdr vec)) | |
683 (setq facs (math-accum-factors (car vec) 1 facs))) | |
684 facs)) | |
685 (math-build-polynomial-expr p x)))) | |
686 | |
687 ;; Check if rational coefficients (i.e., not modulo a prime). | |
688 ((eq math-poly-modulus 1) | |
689 | |
690 ;; Check if there are any squared terms, or a content not = 1. | |
691 (if (or (eq square-free t) | |
692 (equal (setq t1 (math-poly-gcd-coefs | |
693 p (setq t2 (math-poly-deriv-coefs p)))) | |
694 '(1))) | |
695 | |
696 ;; We now have a square-free polynomial with integer coefs. | |
697 ;; For now, we use a kludgey method that finds linear and | |
698 ;; quadratic terms using floating-point root-finding. | |
699 (if (setq t1 (let ((calc-symbolic-mode nil)) | |
700 (math-poly-all-roots nil p t))) | |
701 (let ((roots (car t1)) | |
702 (csign (if (math-negp (nth (1- (length p)) p)) -1 1)) | |
703 (expr 1) | |
704 (unfac (nth 1 t1)) | |
705 (scale (nth 2 t1))) | |
706 (while roots | |
707 (let ((coef0 (car (car roots))) | |
708 (coef1 (cdr (car roots)))) | |
709 (setq expr (math-accum-factors | |
710 (if coef1 | |
711 (let ((den (math-lcm-denoms | |
712 coef0 coef1))) | |
713 (setq scale (math-div scale den)) | |
714 (math-add | |
715 (math-add | |
716 (math-mul den (math-pow x 2)) | |
717 (math-mul (math-mul coef1 den) x)) | |
718 (math-mul coef0 den))) | |
719 (let ((den (math-lcm-denoms coef0))) | |
720 (setq scale (math-div scale den)) | |
721 (math-add (math-mul den x) | |
722 (math-mul coef0 den)))) | |
723 1 expr) | |
724 roots (cdr roots)))) | |
725 (setq expr (math-accum-factors | |
726 expr 1 | |
727 (math-mul csign | |
728 (math-build-polynomial-expr | |
729 (math-mul-list (nth 1 t1) scale) | |
730 x))))) | |
731 (math-build-polynomial-expr p x)) ; can't factor it. | |
732 | |
733 ;; Separate out the squared terms (Knuth exercise 4.6.2-34). | |
734 ;; This step also divides out the content of the polynomial. | |
735 (let* ((cabs (math-poly-gcd-list p)) | |
736 (csign (if (math-negp (nth (1- (length p)) p)) -1 1)) | |
737 (t1s (math-mul-list t1 csign)) | |
738 (uu nil) | |
739 (v (car (math-poly-div-coefs p t1s))) | |
740 (w (car (math-poly-div-coefs t2 t1s)))) | |
741 (while | |
742 (not (math-poly-zerop | |
743 (setq t2 (math-poly-simplify | |
744 (math-poly-mix | |
745 w 1 (math-poly-deriv-coefs v) -1))))) | |
746 (setq t1 (math-poly-gcd-coefs v t2) | |
747 uu (cons t1 uu) | |
748 v (car (math-poly-div-coefs v t1)) | |
749 w (car (math-poly-div-coefs t2 t1)))) | |
750 (setq t1 (length uu) | |
751 t2 (math-accum-factors (math-factor-poly-coefs v t) | |
752 (1+ t1) 1)) | |
753 (while uu | |
754 (setq t2 (math-accum-factors (math-factor-poly-coefs | |
755 (car uu) t) | |
756 t1 t2) | |
757 t1 (1- t1) | |
758 uu (cdr uu))) | |
759 (math-accum-factors (math-mul cabs csign) 1 t2)))) | |
760 | |
761 ;; Factoring modulo a prime. | |
762 ((and (= (length (setq temp (math-poly-gcd-coefs | |
763 p (math-poly-deriv-coefs p)))) | |
764 (length p))) | |
765 (setq p (car temp)) | |
766 (while (cdr temp) | |
767 (setq temp (nthcdr (nth 2 math-poly-modulus) temp) | |
768 p (cons (car temp) p))) | |
769 (and (setq temp (math-factor-poly-coefs p)) | |
770 (math-pow temp (nth 2 math-poly-modulus)))) | |
771 (t | |
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772 (math-reject-arg nil "*Modulo factorization not yet implemented"))))) |
40785 | 773 |
774 (defun math-poly-deriv-coefs (p) | |
775 (let ((n 1) | |
776 (dp nil)) | |
777 (while (setq p (cdr p)) | |
778 (setq dp (cons (math-mul (car p) n) dp) | |
779 n (1+ n))) | |
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780 (nreverse dp))) |
40785 | 781 |
782 (defun math-factor-contains (x a) | |
783 (if (equal x a) | |
784 1 | |
785 (if (memq (car-safe x) '(+ - * / neg)) | |
786 (let ((sum 0)) | |
787 (while (setq x (cdr x)) | |
788 (setq sum (+ sum (math-factor-contains (car x) a)))) | |
789 sum) | |
790 (if (and (eq (car-safe x) '^) | |
791 (natnump (nth 2 x))) | |
792 (* (math-factor-contains (nth 1 x) a) (nth 2 x)) | |
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793 0)))) |
40785 | 794 |
795 | |
796 | |
797 | |
798 | |
799 ;;; Merge all quotients and expand/simplify the numerator | |
800 (defun calcFunc-nrat (expr) | |
801 (if (math-any-floats expr) | |
802 (setq expr (calcFunc-pfrac expr))) | |
803 (if (or (math-vectorp expr) | |
804 (assq (car-safe expr) calc-tweak-eqn-table)) | |
805 (cons (car expr) (mapcar 'calcFunc-nrat (cdr expr))) | |
806 (let* ((calc-prefer-frac t) | |
807 (res (math-to-ratpoly expr)) | |
808 (num (math-simplify (math-sort-terms (calcFunc-expand (car res))))) | |
809 (den (math-simplify (math-sort-terms (calcFunc-expand (cdr res))))) | |
810 (g (math-poly-gcd num den))) | |
811 (or (eq g 1) | |
812 (let ((num2 (math-poly-div num g)) | |
813 (den2 (math-poly-div den g))) | |
814 (and (eq (cdr num2) 0) (eq (cdr den2) 0) | |
815 (setq num (car num2) den (car den2))))) | |
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816 (math-simplify (math-div num den))))) |
40785 | 817 |
818 ;;; Returns expressions (num . denom). | |
819 (defun math-to-ratpoly (expr) | |
820 (let ((res (math-to-ratpoly-rec expr))) | |
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821 (cons (math-simplify (car res)) (math-simplify (cdr res))))) |
40785 | 822 |
823 (defun math-to-ratpoly-rec (expr) | |
824 (cond ((Math-primp expr) | |
825 (cons expr 1)) | |
826 ((memq (car expr) '(+ -)) | |
827 (let ((r1 (math-to-ratpoly-rec (nth 1 expr))) | |
828 (r2 (math-to-ratpoly-rec (nth 2 expr)))) | |
829 (if (equal (cdr r1) (cdr r2)) | |
830 (cons (list (car expr) (car r1) (car r2)) (cdr r1)) | |
831 (if (eq (cdr r1) 1) | |
832 (cons (list (car expr) | |
833 (math-mul (car r1) (cdr r2)) | |
834 (car r2)) | |
835 (cdr r2)) | |
836 (if (eq (cdr r2) 1) | |
837 (cons (list (car expr) | |
838 (car r1) | |
839 (math-mul (car r2) (cdr r1))) | |
840 (cdr r1)) | |
841 (let ((g (math-poly-gcd (cdr r1) (cdr r2)))) | |
842 (let ((d1 (and (not (eq g 1)) (math-poly-div (cdr r1) g))) | |
843 (d2 (and (not (eq g 1)) (math-poly-div | |
844 (math-mul (car r1) (cdr r2)) | |
845 g)))) | |
846 (if (and (eq (cdr d1) 0) (eq (cdr d2) 0)) | |
847 (cons (list (car expr) (car d2) | |
848 (math-mul (car r2) (car d1))) | |
849 (math-mul (car d1) (cdr r2))) | |
850 (cons (list (car expr) | |
851 (math-mul (car r1) (cdr r2)) | |
852 (math-mul (car r2) (cdr r1))) | |
853 (math-mul (cdr r1) (cdr r2))))))))))) | |
854 ((eq (car expr) '*) | |
855 (let* ((r1 (math-to-ratpoly-rec (nth 1 expr))) | |
856 (r2 (math-to-ratpoly-rec (nth 2 expr))) | |
857 (g (math-mul (math-poly-gcd (car r1) (cdr r2)) | |
858 (math-poly-gcd (cdr r1) (car r2))))) | |
859 (if (eq g 1) | |
860 (cons (math-mul (car r1) (car r2)) | |
861 (math-mul (cdr r1) (cdr r2))) | |
862 (cons (math-poly-div-exact (math-mul (car r1) (car r2)) g) | |
863 (math-poly-div-exact (math-mul (cdr r1) (cdr r2)) g))))) | |
864 ((eq (car expr) '/) | |
865 (let* ((r1 (math-to-ratpoly-rec (nth 1 expr))) | |
866 (r2 (math-to-ratpoly-rec (nth 2 expr)))) | |
867 (if (and (eq (cdr r1) 1) (eq (cdr r2) 1)) | |
868 (cons (car r1) (car r2)) | |
869 (let ((g (math-mul (math-poly-gcd (car r1) (car r2)) | |
870 (math-poly-gcd (cdr r1) (cdr r2))))) | |
871 (if (eq g 1) | |
872 (cons (math-mul (car r1) (cdr r2)) | |
873 (math-mul (cdr r1) (car r2))) | |
874 (cons (math-poly-div-exact (math-mul (car r1) (cdr r2)) g) | |
875 (math-poly-div-exact (math-mul (cdr r1) (car r2)) | |
876 g))))))) | |
877 ((and (eq (car expr) '^) (integerp (nth 2 expr))) | |
878 (let ((r1 (math-to-ratpoly-rec (nth 1 expr)))) | |
879 (if (> (nth 2 expr) 0) | |
880 (cons (math-pow (car r1) (nth 2 expr)) | |
881 (math-pow (cdr r1) (nth 2 expr))) | |
882 (cons (math-pow (cdr r1) (- (nth 2 expr))) | |
883 (math-pow (car r1) (- (nth 2 expr))))))) | |
884 ((eq (car expr) 'neg) | |
885 (let ((r1 (math-to-ratpoly-rec (nth 1 expr)))) | |
886 (cons (math-neg (car r1)) (cdr r1)))) | |
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887 (t (cons expr 1)))) |
40785 | 888 |
889 | |
890 (defun math-ratpoly-p (expr &optional var) | |
891 (cond ((equal expr var) 1) | |
892 ((Math-primp expr) 0) | |
893 ((memq (car expr) '(+ -)) | |
894 (let ((p1 (math-ratpoly-p (nth 1 expr) var)) | |
895 p2) | |
896 (and p1 (setq p2 (math-ratpoly-p (nth 2 expr) var)) | |
897 (max p1 p2)))) | |
898 ((eq (car expr) '*) | |
899 (let ((p1 (math-ratpoly-p (nth 1 expr) var)) | |
900 p2) | |
901 (and p1 (setq p2 (math-ratpoly-p (nth 2 expr) var)) | |
902 (+ p1 p2)))) | |
903 ((eq (car expr) 'neg) | |
904 (math-ratpoly-p (nth 1 expr) var)) | |
905 ((eq (car expr) '/) | |
906 (let ((p1 (math-ratpoly-p (nth 1 expr) var)) | |
907 p2) | |
908 (and p1 (setq p2 (math-ratpoly-p (nth 2 expr) var)) | |
909 (- p1 p2)))) | |
910 ((and (eq (car expr) '^) | |
911 (integerp (nth 2 expr))) | |
912 (let ((p1 (math-ratpoly-p (nth 1 expr) var))) | |
913 (and p1 (* p1 (nth 2 expr))))) | |
914 ((not var) 1) | |
915 ((math-poly-depends expr var) nil) | |
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916 (t 0))) |
40785 | 917 |
918 | |
919 (defun calcFunc-apart (expr &optional var) | |
920 (cond ((Math-primp expr) expr) | |
921 ((eq (car expr) '+) | |
922 (math-add (calcFunc-apart (nth 1 expr) var) | |
923 (calcFunc-apart (nth 2 expr) var))) | |
924 ((eq (car expr) '-) | |
925 (math-sub (calcFunc-apart (nth 1 expr) var) | |
926 (calcFunc-apart (nth 2 expr) var))) | |
927 ((not (math-ratpoly-p expr var)) | |
928 (math-reject-arg expr "Expected a rational function")) | |
929 (t | |
930 (let* ((calc-prefer-frac t) | |
931 (rat (math-to-ratpoly expr)) | |
932 (num (car rat)) | |
933 (den (cdr rat)) | |
934 (qr (math-poly-div num den)) | |
935 (q (car qr)) | |
936 (r (cdr qr))) | |
937 (or var | |
938 (setq var (math-polynomial-base den))) | |
939 (math-add q (or (and var | |
940 (math-expr-contains den var) | |
941 (math-partial-fractions r den var)) | |
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942 (math-div r den))))))) |
40785 | 943 |
944 | |
945 (defun math-padded-polynomial (expr var deg) | |
946 (let ((p (math-is-polynomial expr var deg))) | |
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947 (append p (make-list (- deg (length p)) 0)))) |
40785 | 948 |
949 (defun math-partial-fractions (r den var) | |
950 (let* ((fden (calcFunc-factors den var)) | |
951 (tdeg (math-polynomial-p den var)) | |
952 (fp fden) | |
953 (dlist nil) | |
954 (eqns 0) | |
955 (lz nil) | |
956 (tz (make-list (1- tdeg) 0)) | |
957 (calc-matrix-mode 'scalar)) | |
958 (and (not (and (= (length fden) 2) (eq (nth 2 (nth 1 fden)) 1))) | |
959 (progn | |
960 (while (setq fp (cdr fp)) | |
961 (let ((rpt (nth 2 (car fp))) | |
962 (deg (math-polynomial-p (nth 1 (car fp)) var)) | |
963 dnum dvar deg2) | |
964 (while (> rpt 0) | |
965 (setq deg2 deg | |
966 dnum 0) | |
967 (while (> deg2 0) | |
968 (setq dvar (append '(vec) lz '(1) tz) | |
969 lz (cons 0 lz) | |
970 tz (cdr tz) | |
971 deg2 (1- deg2) | |
972 dnum (math-add dnum (math-mul dvar | |
973 (math-pow var deg2))) | |
974 dlist (cons (and (= deg2 (1- deg)) | |
975 (math-pow (nth 1 (car fp)) rpt)) | |
976 dlist))) | |
977 (let ((fpp fden) | |
978 (mult 1)) | |
979 (while (setq fpp (cdr fpp)) | |
980 (or (eq fpp fp) | |
981 (setq mult (math-mul mult | |
982 (math-pow (nth 1 (car fpp)) | |
983 (nth 2 (car fpp))))))) | |
984 (setq dnum (math-mul dnum mult))) | |
985 (setq eqns (math-add eqns (math-mul dnum | |
986 (math-pow | |
987 (nth 1 (car fp)) | |
988 (- (nth 2 (car fp)) | |
989 rpt)))) | |
990 rpt (1- rpt))))) | |
991 (setq eqns (math-div (cons 'vec (math-padded-polynomial r var tdeg)) | |
992 (math-transpose | |
993 (cons 'vec | |
994 (mapcar | |
995 (function | |
996 (lambda (x) | |
997 (cons 'vec (math-padded-polynomial | |
998 x var tdeg)))) | |
999 (cdr eqns)))))) | |
1000 (and (math-vectorp eqns) | |
1001 (let ((res 0) | |
1002 (num nil)) | |
1003 (setq eqns (nreverse eqns)) | |
1004 (while eqns | |
1005 (setq num (cons (car eqns) num) | |
1006 eqns (cdr eqns)) | |
1007 (if (car dlist) | |
1008 (setq num (math-build-polynomial-expr | |
1009 (nreverse num) var) | |
1010 res (math-add res (math-div num (car dlist))) | |
1011 num nil)) | |
1012 (setq dlist (cdr dlist))) | |
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1013 (math-normalize res))))))) |
40785 | 1014 |
1015 | |
1016 | |
1017 (defun math-expand-term (expr) | |
1018 (cond ((and (eq (car-safe expr) '*) | |
1019 (memq (car-safe (nth 1 expr)) '(+ -))) | |
1020 (math-add-or-sub (list '* (nth 1 (nth 1 expr)) (nth 2 expr)) | |
1021 (list '* (nth 2 (nth 1 expr)) (nth 2 expr)) | |
1022 nil (eq (car (nth 1 expr)) '-))) | |
1023 ((and (eq (car-safe expr) '*) | |
1024 (memq (car-safe (nth 2 expr)) '(+ -))) | |
1025 (math-add-or-sub (list '* (nth 1 expr) (nth 1 (nth 2 expr))) | |
1026 (list '* (nth 1 expr) (nth 2 (nth 2 expr))) | |
1027 nil (eq (car (nth 2 expr)) '-))) | |
1028 ((and (eq (car-safe expr) '/) | |
1029 (memq (car-safe (nth 1 expr)) '(+ -))) | |
1030 (math-add-or-sub (list '/ (nth 1 (nth 1 expr)) (nth 2 expr)) | |
1031 (list '/ (nth 2 (nth 1 expr)) (nth 2 expr)) | |
1032 nil (eq (car (nth 1 expr)) '-))) | |
1033 ((and (eq (car-safe expr) '^) | |
1034 (memq (car-safe (nth 1 expr)) '(+ -)) | |
1035 (integerp (nth 2 expr)) | |
1036 (if (> (nth 2 expr) 0) | |
1037 (or (and (or (> mmt-many 500000) (< mmt-many -500000)) | |
1038 (math-expand-power (nth 1 expr) (nth 2 expr) | |
1039 nil t)) | |
1040 (list '* | |
1041 (nth 1 expr) | |
1042 (list '^ (nth 1 expr) (1- (nth 2 expr))))) | |
1043 (if (< (nth 2 expr) 0) | |
1044 (list '/ 1 (list '^ (nth 1 expr) (- (nth 2 expr)))))))) | |
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1045 (t expr))) |
40785 | 1046 |
1047 (defun calcFunc-expand (expr &optional many) | |
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1048 (math-normalize (math-map-tree 'math-expand-term expr many))) |
40785 | 1049 |
1050 (defun math-expand-power (x n &optional var else-nil) | |
1051 (or (and (natnump n) | |
1052 (memq (car-safe x) '(+ -)) | |
1053 (let ((terms nil) | |
1054 (cterms nil)) | |
1055 (while (memq (car-safe x) '(+ -)) | |
1056 (setq terms (cons (if (eq (car x) '-) | |
1057 (math-neg (nth 2 x)) | |
1058 (nth 2 x)) | |
1059 terms) | |
1060 x (nth 1 x))) | |
1061 (setq terms (cons x terms)) | |
1062 (if var | |
1063 (let ((p terms)) | |
1064 (while p | |
1065 (or (math-expr-contains (car p) var) | |
1066 (setq terms (delq (car p) terms) | |
1067 cterms (cons (car p) cterms))) | |
1068 (setq p (cdr p))) | |
1069 (if cterms | |
1070 (setq terms (cons (apply 'calcFunc-add cterms) | |
1071 terms))))) | |
1072 (if (= (length terms) 2) | |
1073 (let ((i 0) | |
1074 (accum 0)) | |
1075 (while (<= i n) | |
1076 (setq accum (list '+ accum | |
1077 (list '* (calcFunc-choose n i) | |
1078 (list '* | |
1079 (list '^ (nth 1 terms) i) | |
1080 (list '^ (car terms) | |
1081 (- n i))))) | |
1082 i (1+ i))) | |
1083 accum) | |
1084 (if (= n 2) | |
1085 (let ((accum 0) | |
1086 (p1 terms) | |
1087 p2) | |
1088 (while p1 | |
1089 (setq accum (list '+ accum | |
1090 (list '^ (car p1) 2)) | |
1091 p2 p1) | |
1092 (while (setq p2 (cdr p2)) | |
1093 (setq accum (list '+ accum | |
1094 (list '* 2 (list '* | |
1095 (car p1) | |
1096 (car p2)))))) | |
1097 (setq p1 (cdr p1))) | |
1098 accum) | |
1099 (if (= n 3) | |
1100 (let ((accum 0) | |
1101 (p1 terms) | |
1102 p2 p3) | |
1103 (while p1 | |
1104 (setq accum (list '+ accum (list '^ (car p1) 3)) | |
1105 p2 p1) | |
1106 (while (setq p2 (cdr p2)) | |
1107 (setq accum (list '+ | |
1108 (list '+ | |
1109 accum | |
1110 (list '* 3 | |
1111 (list | |
1112 '* | |
1113 (list '^ (car p1) 2) | |
1114 (car p2)))) | |
1115 (list '* 3 | |
1116 (list | |
1117 '* (car p1) | |
1118 (list '^ (car p2) 2)))) | |
1119 p3 p2) | |
1120 (while (setq p3 (cdr p3)) | |
1121 (setq accum (list '+ accum | |
1122 (list '* 6 | |
1123 (list '* | |
1124 (car p1) | |
1125 (list | |
1126 '* (car p2) | |
1127 (car p3)))))))) | |
1128 (setq p1 (cdr p1))) | |
1129 accum)))))) | |
1130 (and (not else-nil) | |
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1131 (list '^ x n)))) |
40785 | 1132 |
1133 (defun calcFunc-expandpow (x n) | |
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1134 (math-normalize (math-expand-power x n))) |
40785 | 1135 |
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1136 ;;; calc-poly.el ends here |