Mercurial > emacs
annotate etc/DEBUG @ 107777:13c077500eb3
2010-04-04 John Wiegley <jwiegley@gmail.com>
* ido.el (ido-use-virtual-buffers): New variable to indicate
whether "virtual buffer" support is enabled for IDO. Essentially
it works as follows: Say you are visiting a file and the buffer
gets cleaned up by mignight.el. Later, you want to switch to that
buffer, but find it's no longer open. With virtual buffers
enabled, the buffer name stays in the buffer list (using the
ido-virtual face, and always at the end), and if you select it, it
opens the file back up again. This allows you to think less about
whether recently opened files are still open or not. Most of the
time you can quit Emacs, restart, and then switch to a file buffer
that was previously open as if it still were. NOTE: This feature
has been present in iswitchb for several years now, and I'm
porting the same logic to IDO.
(ido-virtual): Face used to indicate virtual buffers in the list.
(ido-buffer-internal): If a buffer is chosen, and no such buffer
exists, but a virtual buffer of that name does (which would be why
it was in the list), recreate the buffer by reopening the file.
(ido-make-buffer-list): If virtual buffers are being used, call
`ido-add-virtual-buffers-to-list' before the make list hook.
(ido-virtual-buffers): New variable which contains a copy of the
current contents of the `recentf-list', albeit pared down for the
sake of speed, and with proper faces applied.
(ido-add-virtual-buffers-to-list): Using the `recentf-list',
create a list of "virtual buffers" to present to the user in
addition to the currently open set. Note that this logic could
get rather slow if that list is too large. With the default
`recentf-max-saved-items' of 200, there is little speed penalty.
author | jwiegley@gmail.com |
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date | Sun, 04 Apr 2010 02:55:19 -0400 |
parents | 1d1d5d9bd884 |
children | 77227c6520c3 376148b31b5e |
rev | line source |
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25853 | 1 Debugging GNU Emacs |
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2 |
106815 | 3 Copyright (C) 1985, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, |
4 2008, 2009, 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc. | |
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5 See the end of the file for license conditions. |
25853 | 6 |
7 | |
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8 [People who debug Emacs on Windows using Microsoft debuggers |
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9 should read the Windows-specific section near the end of this |
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10 document.] |
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11 |
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12 ** When you debug Emacs with GDB, you should start it in the directory |
59939 | 13 where the executable was made. That directory has a .gdbinit file |
14 that defines various "user-defined" commands for debugging Emacs. | |
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15 (These commands are described below under "Examining Lisp object |
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16 values" and "Debugging Emacs Redisplay problems".) |
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17 |
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18 ** When you are trying to analyze failed assertions, it will be |
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19 essential to compile Emacs either completely without optimizations or |
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20 at least (when using GCC) with the -fno-crossjumping option. Failure |
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21 to do so may make the compiler recycle the same abort call for all |
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22 assertions in a given function, rendering the stack backtrace useless |
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23 for identifying the specific failed assertion. |
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24 |
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25 ** It is a good idea to run Emacs under GDB (or some other suitable |
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26 debugger) *all the time*. Then, when Emacs crashes, you will be able |
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27 to debug the live process, not just a core dump. (This is especially |
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28 important on systems which don't support core files, and instead print |
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29 just the registers and some stack addresses.) |
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30 |
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31 ** If Emacs hangs, or seems to be stuck in some infinite loop, typing |
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32 "kill -TSTP PID", where PID is the Emacs process ID, will cause GDB to |
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33 kick in, provided that you run under GDB. |
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34 |
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35 ** Getting control to the debugger |
25853 | 36 |
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37 `Fsignal' is a very useful place to put a breakpoint in. |
25853 | 38 All Lisp errors go through there. |
39 | |
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40 It is useful, when debugging, to have a guaranteed way to return to |
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41 the debugger at any time. When using X, this is easy: type C-z at the |
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42 window where Emacs is running under GDB, and it will stop Emacs just |
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43 as it would stop any ordinary program. When Emacs is running in a |
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44 terminal, things are not so easy. |
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45 |
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46 The src/.gdbinit file in the Emacs distribution arranges for SIGINT |
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47 (C-g in Emacs) to be passed to Emacs and not give control back to GDB. |
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48 On modern POSIX systems, you can override that with this command: |
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49 |
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50 handle SIGINT stop nopass |
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51 |
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52 After this `handle' command, SIGINT will return control to GDB. If |
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53 you want the C-g to cause a QUIT within Emacs as well, omit the |
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54 `nopass'. |
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55 |
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56 A technique that can work when `handle SIGINT' does not is to store |
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57 the code for some character into the variable stop_character. Thus, |
25853 | 58 |
59 set stop_character = 29 | |
60 | |
61 makes Control-] (decimal code 29) the stop character. | |
62 Typing Control-] will cause immediate stop. You cannot | |
63 use the set command until the inferior process has been started. | |
64 Put a breakpoint early in `main', or suspend the Emacs, | |
65 to get an opportunity to do the set command. | |
66 | |
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67 When Emacs is running in a terminal, it is sometimes useful to use a separate |
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68 terminal for the debug session. This can be done by starting Emacs as usual, |
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69 then attaching to it from gdb with the `attach' command which is explained in |
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70 the node "Attach" of the GDB manual. |
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71 |
25853 | 72 ** Examining Lisp object values. |
73 | |
74 When you have a live process to debug, and it has not encountered a | |
75 fatal error, you can use the GDB command `pr'. First print the value | |
76 in the ordinary way, with the `p' command. Then type `pr' with no | |
77 arguments. This calls a subroutine which uses the Lisp printer. | |
78 | |
57307 | 79 You can also use `pp value' to print the emacs value directly. |
80 | |
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81 To see the current value of a Lisp Variable, use `pv variable'. |
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82 |
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83 Note: It is not a good idea to try `pr', `pp', or `pv' if you know that Emacs |
57307 | 84 is in deep trouble: its stack smashed (e.g., if it encountered SIGSEGV |
85 due to stack overflow), or crucial data structures, such as `obarray', | |
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86 corrupted, etc. In such cases, the Emacs subroutine called by `pr' |
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87 might make more damage, like overwrite some data that is important for |
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88 debugging the original problem. |
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89 |
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90 Also, on some systems it is impossible to use `pr' if you stopped |
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91 Emacs while it was inside `select'. This is in fact what happens if |
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92 you stop Emacs while it is waiting. In such a situation, don't try to |
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93 use `pr'. Instead, use `s' to step out of the system call. Then |
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94 Emacs will be between instructions and capable of handling `pr'. |
25853 | 95 |
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96 If you can't use `pr' command, for whatever reason, you can use the |
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97 `xpr' command to print out the data type and value of the last data |
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98 value, For example: |
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99 |
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100 p it->object |
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101 xpr |
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102 |
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103 You may also analyze data values using lower-level commands. Use the |
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104 `xtype' command to print out the data type of the last data value. |
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105 Once you know the data type, use the command that corresponds to that |
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106 type. Here are these commands: |
25853 | 107 |
108 xint xptr xwindow xmarker xoverlay xmiscfree xintfwd xboolfwd xobjfwd | |
109 xbufobjfwd xkbobjfwd xbuflocal xbuffer xsymbol xstring xvector xframe | |
110 xwinconfig xcompiled xcons xcar xcdr xsubr xprocess xfloat xscrollbar | |
111 | |
112 Each one of them applies to a certain type or class of types. | |
113 (Some of these types are not visible in Lisp, because they exist only | |
114 internally.) | |
115 | |
116 Each x... command prints some information about the value, and | |
117 produces a GDB value (subsequently available in $) through which you | |
118 can get at the rest of the contents. | |
119 | |
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120 In general, most of the rest of the contents will be additional Lisp |
25853 | 121 objects which you can examine in turn with the x... commands. |
122 | |
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123 Even with a live process, these x... commands are useful for |
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124 examining the fields in a buffer, window, process, frame or marker. |
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125 Here's an example using concepts explained in the node "Value History" |
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126 of the GDB manual to print values associated with the variable |
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127 called frame. First, use these commands: |
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128 |
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129 cd src |
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130 gdb emacs |
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131 b set_frame_buffer_list |
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132 r -q |
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133 |
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134 Then Emacs hits the breakpoint: |
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135 |
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136 (gdb) p frame |
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137 $1 = 139854428 |
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138 (gdb) xpr |
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139 Lisp_Vectorlike |
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140 PVEC_FRAME |
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141 $2 = (struct frame *) 0x8560258 |
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142 "emacs@localhost" |
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143 (gdb) p *$ |
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144 $3 = { |
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145 size = 1073742931, |
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146 next = 0x85dfe58, |
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147 name = 140615219, |
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148 [...] |
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149 } |
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150 |
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151 Now we can use `pr' to print the frame parameters: |
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152 |
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153 (gdb) pp $->param_alist |
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154 ((background-mode . light) (display-type . color) [...]) |
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155 |
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156 |
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157 The Emacs C code heavily uses macros defined in lisp.h. So suppose |
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158 we want the address of the l-value expression near the bottom of |
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159 `add_command_key' from keyboard.c: |
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160 |
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161 XVECTOR (this_command_keys)->contents[this_command_key_count++] = key; |
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162 |
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163 XVECTOR is a macro, so GDB only knows about it if Emacs has been compiled with |
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164 preprocessor macro information. GCC provides this if you specify the options |
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165 `-gdwarf-2' and `-g3'. In this case, GDB can evaluate expressions like |
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166 "p XVECTOR (this_command_keys)". |
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167 |
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168 When this information isn't available, you can use the xvector command in GDB |
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169 to get the same result. Here is how: |
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170 |
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171 (gdb) p this_command_keys |
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172 $1 = 1078005760 |
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173 (gdb) xvector |
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174 $2 = (struct Lisp_Vector *) 0x411000 |
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175 0 |
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176 (gdb) p $->contents[this_command_key_count] |
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177 $3 = 1077872640 |
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178 (gdb) p &$ |
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179 $4 = (int *) 0x411008 |
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180 |
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181 Here's a related example of macros and the GDB `define' command. |
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182 There are many Lisp vectors such as `recent_keys', which contains the |
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183 last 300 keystrokes. We can print this Lisp vector |
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184 |
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185 p recent_keys |
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186 pr |
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187 |
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188 But this may be inconvenient, since `recent_keys' is much more verbose |
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189 than `C-h l'. We might want to print only the last 10 elements of |
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190 this vector. `recent_keys' is updated in keyboard.c by the command |
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191 |
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192 XVECTOR (recent_keys)->contents[recent_keys_index] = c; |
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193 |
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194 So we define a GDB command `xvector-elts', so the last 10 keystrokes |
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195 are printed by |
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196 |
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197 xvector-elts recent_keys recent_keys_index 10 |
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198 |
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199 where you can define xvector-elts as follows: |
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200 |
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201 define xvector-elts |
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202 set $i = 0 |
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203 p $arg0 |
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204 xvector |
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205 set $foo = $ |
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206 while $i < $arg2 |
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207 p $foo->contents[$arg1-($i++)] |
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208 pr |
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209 end |
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210 document xvector-elts |
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211 Prints a range of elements of a Lisp vector. |
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212 xvector-elts v n i |
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213 prints `i' elements of the vector `v' ending at the index `n'. |
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214 end |
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215 |
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216 ** Getting Lisp-level backtrace information within GDB |
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217 |
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218 The most convenient way is to use the `xbacktrace' command. This |
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219 shows the names of the Lisp functions that are currently active. |
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220 |
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221 If that doesn't work (e.g., because the `backtrace_list' structure is |
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222 corrupted), type "bt" at the GDB prompt, to produce the C-level |
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223 backtrace, and look for stack frames that call Ffuncall. Select them |
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224 one by one in GDB, by typing "up N", where N is the appropriate number |
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225 of frames to go up, and in each frame that calls Ffuncall type this: |
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226 |
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227 p *args |
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228 pr |
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229 |
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230 This will print the name of the Lisp function called by that level |
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231 of function calling. |
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232 |
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233 By printing the remaining elements of args, you can see the argument |
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234 values. Here's how to print the first argument: |
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235 |
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236 p args[1] |
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237 pr |
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238 |
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239 If you do not have a live process, you can use xtype and the other |
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240 x... commands such as xsymbol to get such information, albeit less |
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241 conveniently. For example: |
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242 |
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243 p *args |
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244 xtype |
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245 |
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246 and, assuming that "xtype" says that args[0] is a symbol: |
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247 |
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248 xsymbol |
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249 |
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250 ** Debugging Emacs Redisplay problems |
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251 |
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252 The src/.gdbinit file defines many useful commands for dumping redisplay |
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253 related data structures in a terse and user-friendly format: |
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254 |
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255 `ppt' prints value of PT, narrowing, and gap in current buffer. |
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256 `pit' dumps the current display iterator `it'. |
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257 `pwin' dumps the current window 'win'. |
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258 `prow' dumps the current glyph_row `row'. |
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259 `pg' dumps the current glyph `glyph'. |
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260 `pgi' dumps the next glyph. |
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261 `pgrow' dumps all glyphs in current glyph_row `row'. |
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262 `pcursor' dumps current output_cursor. |
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263 |
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264 The above commands also exist in a version with an `x' suffix which |
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265 takes an object of the relevant type as argument. |
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266 |
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267 ** Following longjmp call. |
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268 |
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269 Recent versions of glibc (2.4+?) encrypt stored values for setjmp/longjmp which |
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270 prevents GDB from being able to follow a longjmp call using `next'. To |
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271 disable this protection you need to set the environment variable |
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272 LD_POINTER_GUARD to 0. |
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273 |
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274 ** Using GDB in Emacs |
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275 |
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276 Debugging with GDB in Emacs offers some advantages over the command line (See |
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277 the GDB Graphical Interface node of the Emacs manual). There are also some |
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278 features available just for debugging Emacs: |
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279 |
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280 1) The command gud-pp is available on the tool bar (the `pp' icon) and |
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281 allows the user to print the s-expression of the variable at point, |
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282 in the GUD buffer. |
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283 |
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284 2) Pressing `p' on a component of a watch expression that is a lisp object |
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285 in the speedbar prints its s-expression in the GUD buffer. |
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286 |
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287 3) The STOP button on the tool bar is adjusted so that it sends SIGTSTP |
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288 instead of the usual SIGINT. |
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289 |
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290 4) The command gud-pv has the global binding 'C-x C-a C-v' and prints the |
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291 value of the lisp variable at point. |
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292 |
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293 ** Debugging what happens while preloading and dumping Emacs |
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294 |
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295 Type `gdb temacs' and start it with `r -batch -l loadup dump'. |
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296 |
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297 If temacs actually succeeds when running under GDB in this way, do not |
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298 try to run the dumped Emacs, because it was dumped with the GDB |
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299 breakpoints in it. |
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300 |
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301 ** Debugging `temacs' |
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302 |
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303 Debugging `temacs' is useful when you want to establish whether a |
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304 problem happens in an undumped Emacs. To run `temacs' under a |
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305 debugger, type "gdb temacs", then start it with `r -batch -l loadup'. |
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306 |
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307 ** If you encounter X protocol errors |
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308 |
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309 The X server normally reports protocol errors asynchronously, |
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310 so you find out about them long after the primitive which caused |
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311 the error has returned. |
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312 |
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313 To get clear information about the cause of an error, try evaluating |
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314 (x-synchronize t). That puts Emacs into synchronous mode, where each |
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315 Xlib call checks for errors before it returns. This mode is much |
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316 slower, but when you get an error, you will see exactly which call |
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317 really caused the error. |
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318 |
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319 You can start Emacs in a synchronous mode by invoking it with the -xrm |
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320 option, like this: |
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321 |
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322 emacs -xrm "emacs.synchronous: true" |
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323 |
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324 Setting a breakpoint in the function `x_error_quitter' and looking at |
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325 the backtrace when Emacs stops inside that function will show what |
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326 code causes the X protocol errors. |
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327 |
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328 Some bugs related to the X protocol disappear when Emacs runs in a |
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329 synchronous mode. To track down those bugs, we suggest the following |
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330 procedure: |
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331 |
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332 - Run Emacs under a debugger and put a breakpoint inside the |
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333 primitive function which, when called from Lisp, triggers the X |
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334 protocol errors. For example, if the errors happen when you |
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335 delete a frame, put a breakpoint inside `Fdelete_frame'. |
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336 |
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337 - When the breakpoint breaks, step through the code, looking for |
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338 calls to X functions (the ones whose names begin with "X" or |
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339 "Xt" or "Xm"). |
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340 |
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341 - Insert calls to `XSync' before and after each call to the X |
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342 functions, like this: |
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343 |
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344 XSync (f->output_data.x->display_info->display, 0); |
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345 |
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346 where `f' is the pointer to the `struct frame' of the selected |
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347 frame, normally available via XFRAME (selected_frame). (Most |
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348 functions which call X already have some variable that holds the |
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349 pointer to the frame, perhaps called `f' or `sf', so you shouldn't |
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350 need to compute it.) |
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351 |
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352 If your debugger can call functions in the program being debugged, |
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353 you should be able to issue the calls to `XSync' without recompiling |
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354 Emacs. For example, with GDB, just type: |
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355 |
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356 call XSync (f->output_data.x->display_info->display, 0) |
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357 |
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358 before and immediately after the suspect X calls. If your |
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359 debugger does not support this, you will need to add these pairs |
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360 of calls in the source and rebuild Emacs. |
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361 |
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362 Either way, systematically step through the code and issue these |
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363 calls until you find the first X function called by Emacs after |
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364 which a call to `XSync' winds up in the function |
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365 `x_error_quitter'. The first X function call for which this |
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366 happens is the one that generated the X protocol error. |
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367 |
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368 - You should now look around this offending X call and try to figure |
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369 out what is wrong with it. |
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370 |
49489 | 371 ** If Emacs causes errors or memory leaks in your X server |
372 | |
373 You can trace the traffic between Emacs and your X server with a tool | |
374 like xmon, available at ftp://ftp.x.org/contrib/devel_tools/. | |
375 | |
376 Xmon can be used to see exactly what Emacs sends when X protocol errors | |
377 happen. If Emacs causes the X server memory usage to increase you can | |
378 use xmon to see what items Emacs creates in the server (windows, | |
379 graphical contexts, pixmaps) and what items Emacs delete. If there | |
380 are consistently more creations than deletions, the type of item | |
381 and the activity you do when the items get created can give a hint where | |
382 to start debugging. | |
383 | |
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384 ** If the symptom of the bug is that Emacs fails to respond |
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385 |
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386 Don't assume Emacs is `hung'--it may instead be in an infinite loop. |
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387 To find out which, make the problem happen under GDB and stop Emacs |
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388 once it is not responding. (If Emacs is using X Windows directly, you |
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389 can stop Emacs by typing C-z at the GDB job.) Then try stepping with |
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390 `step'. If Emacs is hung, the `step' command won't return. If it is |
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391 looping, `step' will return. |
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392 |
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393 If this shows Emacs is hung in a system call, stop it again and |
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394 examine the arguments of the call. If you report the bug, it is very |
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395 important to state exactly where in the source the system call is, and |
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396 what the arguments are. |
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397 |
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398 If Emacs is in an infinite loop, try to determine where the loop |
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399 starts and ends. The easiest way to do this is to use the GDB command |
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400 `finish'. Each time you use it, Emacs resumes execution until it |
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401 exits one stack frame. Keep typing `finish' until it doesn't |
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402 return--that means the infinite loop is in the stack frame which you |
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403 just tried to finish. |
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404 |
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405 Stop Emacs again, and use `finish' repeatedly again until you get back |
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406 to that frame. Then use `next' to step through that frame. By |
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407 stepping, you will see where the loop starts and ends. Also, examine |
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408 the data being used in the loop and try to determine why the loop does |
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409 not exit when it should. |
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410 |
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411 ** If certain operations in Emacs are slower than they used to be, here |
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412 is some advice for how to find out why. |
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413 |
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414 Stop Emacs repeatedly during the slow operation, and make a backtrace |
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415 each time. Compare the backtraces looking for a pattern--a specific |
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416 function that shows up more often than you'd expect. |
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417 |
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418 If you don't see a pattern in the C backtraces, get some Lisp |
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419 backtrace information by typing "xbacktrace" or by looking at Ffuncall |
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420 frames (see above), and again look for a pattern. |
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421 |
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422 When using X, you can stop Emacs at any time by typing C-z at GDB. |
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423 When not using X, you can do this with C-g. On non-Unix platforms, |
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424 such as MS-DOS, you might need to press C-BREAK instead. |
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425 |
25853 | 426 ** If GDB does not run and your debuggers can't load Emacs. |
427 | |
428 On some systems, no debugger can load Emacs with a symbol table, | |
429 perhaps because they all have fixed limits on the number of symbols | |
430 and Emacs exceeds the limits. Here is a method that can be used | |
431 in such an extremity. Do | |
432 | |
433 nm -n temacs > nmout | |
434 strip temacs | |
435 adb temacs | |
436 0xd:i | |
437 0xe:i | |
438 14:i | |
439 17:i | |
440 :r -l loadup (or whatever) | |
441 | |
442 It is necessary to refer to the file `nmout' to convert | |
443 numeric addresses into symbols and vice versa. | |
444 | |
445 It is useful to be running under a window system. | |
446 Then, if Emacs becomes hopelessly wedged, you can create | |
447 another window to do kill -9 in. kill -ILL is often | |
448 useful too, since that may make Emacs dump core or return | |
449 to adb. | |
450 | |
451 | |
452 ** Debugging incorrect screen updating. | |
453 | |
454 To debug Emacs problems that update the screen wrong, it is useful | |
455 to have a record of what input you typed and what Emacs sent to the | |
456 screen. To make these records, do | |
457 | |
458 (open-dribble-file "~/.dribble") | |
459 (open-termscript "~/.termscript") | |
460 | |
461 The dribble file contains all characters read by Emacs from the | |
462 terminal, and the termscript file contains all characters it sent to | |
463 the terminal. The use of the directory `~/' prevents interference | |
464 with any other user. | |
465 | |
466 If you have irreproducible display problems, put those two expressions | |
467 in your ~/.emacs file. When the problem happens, exit the Emacs that | |
468 you were running, kill it, and rename the two files. Then you can start | |
469 another Emacs without clobbering those files, and use it to examine them. | |
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470 |
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471 An easy way to see if too much text is being redrawn on a terminal is to |
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472 evaluate `(setq inverse-video t)' before you try the operation you think |
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473 will cause too much redrawing. This doesn't refresh the screen, so only |
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474 newly drawn text is in inverse video. |
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475 |
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476 The Emacs display code includes special debugging code, but it is |
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477 normally disabled. You can enable it by building Emacs with the |
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478 pre-processing symbol GLYPH_DEBUG defined. Here's one easy way, |
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479 suitable for Unix and GNU systems, to build such a debugging version: |
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480 |
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481 MYCPPFLAGS='-DGLYPH_DEBUG=1' make |
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482 |
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483 Building Emacs like that activates many assertions which scrutinize |
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484 display code operation more than Emacs does normally. (To see the |
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485 code which tests these assertions, look for calls to the `xassert' |
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486 macros.) Any assertion that is reported to fail should be |
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487 investigated. |
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488 |
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489 Building with GLYPH_DEBUG defined also defines several helper |
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490 functions which can help debugging display code. One such function is |
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491 `dump_glyph_matrix'. If you run Emacs under GDB, you can print the |
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492 contents of any glyph matrix by just calling that function with the |
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493 matrix as its argument. For example, the following command will print |
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494 the contents of the current matrix of the window whose pointer is in |
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495 `w': |
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496 |
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497 (gdb) p dump_glyph_matrix (w->current_matrix, 2) |
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498 |
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499 (The second argument 2 tells dump_glyph_matrix to print the glyphs in |
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500 a long form.) You can dump the selected window's current glyph matrix |
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501 interactively with "M-x dump-glyph-matrix RET"; see the documentation |
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502 of this function for more details. |
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503 |
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504 Several more functions for debugging display code are available in |
37565 | 505 Emacs compiled with GLYPH_DEBUG defined; type "C-h f dump- TAB" and |
506 "C-h f trace- TAB" to see the full list. | |
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507 |
57307 | 508 When you debug display problems running emacs under X, you can use |
509 the `ff' command to flush all pending display updates to the screen. | |
510 | |
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511 |
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512 ** Debugging LessTif |
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513 |
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514 If you encounter bugs whereby Emacs built with LessTif grabs all mouse |
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515 and keyboard events, or LessTif menus behave weirdly, it might be |
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516 helpful to set the `DEBUGSOURCES' and `DEBUG_FILE' environment |
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517 variables, so that one can see what LessTif was doing at this point. |
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518 For instance |
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519 |
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520 export DEBUGSOURCES="RowColumn.c:MenuShell.c:MenuUtil.c" |
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521 export DEBUG_FILE=/usr/tmp/LESSTIF_TRACE |
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522 emacs & |
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523 |
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524 causes LessTif to print traces from the three named source files to a |
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525 file in `/usr/tmp' (that file can get pretty large). The above should |
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526 be typed at the shell prompt before invoking Emacs, as shown by the |
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527 last line above. |
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528 |
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529 Running GDB from another terminal could also help with such problems. |
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530 You can arrange for GDB to run on one machine, with the Emacs display |
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531 appearing on another. Then, when the bug happens, you can go back to |
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532 the machine where you started GDB and use the debugger from there. |
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533 |
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534 |
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535 ** Debugging problems which happen in GC |
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536 |
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537 The array `last_marked' (defined on alloc.c) can be used to display up |
f8dd0e40dc34
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parents:
36962
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538 to 500 last objects marked by the garbage collection process. |
37076
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539 Whenever the garbage collector marks a Lisp object, it records the |
69558
aed02e3a8c0f
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540 pointer to that object in the `last_marked' array, which is maintained |
aed02e3a8c0f
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parents:
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diff
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|
541 as a circular buffer. The variable `last_marked_index' holds the |
aed02e3a8c0f
Elaborate on debugging GC crashes.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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542 index into the `last_marked' array one place beyond where the pointer |
aed02e3a8c0f
Elaborate on debugging GC crashes.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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543 to the very last marked object is stored. |
35655
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544 |
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|
545 The single most important goal in debugging GC problems is to find the |
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parents:
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546 Lisp data structure that got corrupted. This is not easy since GC |
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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547 changes the tag bits and relocates strings which make it hard to look |
c3ac662ac2a3
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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|
548 at Lisp objects with commands such as `pr'. It is sometimes necessary |
c3ac662ac2a3
Expand and update, based on the instructions to
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parents:
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549 to convert Lisp_Object variables into pointers to C struct's manually. |
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
550 |
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parents:
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551 Use the `last_marked' array and the source to reconstruct the sequence |
aed02e3a8c0f
Elaborate on debugging GC crashes.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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552 that objects were marked. In general, you need to correlate the |
aed02e3a8c0f
Elaborate on debugging GC crashes.
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parents:
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553 values recorded in the `last_marked' array with the corresponding |
aed02e3a8c0f
Elaborate on debugging GC crashes.
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parents:
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554 stack frames in the backtrace, beginning with the innermost frame. |
aed02e3a8c0f
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
69477
diff
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555 Some subroutines of `mark_object' are invoked recursively, others loop |
aed02e3a8c0f
Elaborate on debugging GC crashes.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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556 over portions of the data structure and mark them as they go. By |
aed02e3a8c0f
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parents:
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557 looking at the code of those routines and comparing the frames in the |
aed02e3a8c0f
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parents:
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558 backtrace with the values in `last_marked', you will be able to find |
aed02e3a8c0f
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559 connections between the values in `last_marked'. E.g., when GC finds |
aed02e3a8c0f
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560 a cons cell, it recursively marks its car and its cdr. Similar things |
aed02e3a8c0f
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561 happen with properties of symbols, elements of vectors, etc. Use |
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562 these connections to reconstruct the data structure that was being |
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563 marked, paying special attention to the strings and names of symbols |
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564 that you encounter: these strings and symbol names can be used to grep |
aed02e3a8c0f
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565 the sources to find out what high-level symbols and global variables |
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566 are involved in the crash. |
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567 |
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568 Once you discover the corrupted Lisp object or data structure, grep |
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569 the sources for its uses and try to figure out what could cause the |
77156 | 570 corruption. If looking at the sources doesn't help, you could try |
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571 setting a watchpoint on the corrupted data, and see what code modifies |
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572 it in some invalid way. (Obviously, this technique is only useful for |
aed02e3a8c0f
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573 data that is modified only very rarely.) |
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574 |
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575 It is also useful to look at the corrupted object or data structure in |
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parents:
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576 a fresh Emacs session and compare its contents with a session that you |
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577 are debugging. |
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578 |
37481 | 579 ** Debugging problems with non-ASCII characters |
580 | |
581 If you experience problems which seem to be related to non-ASCII | |
582 characters, such as \201 characters appearing in the buffer or in your | |
583 files, set the variable byte-debug-flag to t. This causes Emacs to do | |
584 some extra checks, such as look for broken relations between byte and | |
585 character positions in buffers and strings; the resulting diagnostics | |
586 might pinpoint the cause of the problem. | |
587 | |
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588 ** Debugging the TTY (non-windowed) version |
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589 |
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590 The most convenient method of debugging the character-terminal display |
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591 is to do that on a window system such as X. Begin by starting an |
c824be0e27e2
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592 xterm window, then type these commands inside that window: |
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593 |
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594 $ tty |
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595 $ echo $TERM |
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596 |
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597 Let's say these commands print "/dev/ttyp4" and "xterm", respectively. |
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598 |
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599 Now start Emacs (the normal, windowed-display session, i.e. without |
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600 the `-nw' option), and invoke "M-x gdb RET emacs RET" from there. Now |
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601 type these commands at GDB's prompt: |
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602 |
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603 (gdb) set args -nw -t /dev/ttyp4 |
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604 (gdb) set environment TERM xterm |
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605 (gdb) run |
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606 |
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607 The debugged Emacs should now start in no-window mode with its display |
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608 directed to the xterm window you opened above. |
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609 |
40348
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610 Similar arrangement is possible on a character terminal by using the |
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611 `screen' package. |
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612 |
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613 ** Running Emacs built with malloc debugging packages |
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614 |
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615 If Emacs exhibits bugs that seem to be related to use of memory |
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616 allocated off the heap, it might be useful to link Emacs with a |
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617 special debugging library, such as Electric Fence (a.k.a. efence) or |
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618 GNU Checker, which helps find such problems. |
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619 |
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620 Emacs compiled with such packages might not run without some hacking, |
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621 because Emacs replaces the system's memory allocation functions with |
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622 its own versions, and because the dumping process might be |
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623 incompatible with the way these packages use to track allocated |
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624 memory. Here are some of the changes you might find necessary |
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625 (SYSTEM-NAME and MACHINE-NAME are the names of your OS- and |
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626 CPU-specific headers in the subdirectories of `src'): |
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627 |
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628 - In src/s/SYSTEM-NAME.h add "#define SYSTEM_MALLOC". |
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629 |
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630 - In src/m/MACHINE-NAME.h add "#define CANNOT_DUMP" and |
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631 "#define CANNOT_UNEXEC". |
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632 |
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633 - Configure with a different --prefix= option. If you use GCC, |
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634 version 2.7.2 is preferred, as some malloc debugging packages |
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635 work a lot better with it than with 2.95 or later versions. |
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636 |
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637 - Type "make" then "make -k install". |
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638 |
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639 - If required, invoke the package-specific command to prepare |
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640 src/temacs for execution. |
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641 |
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642 - cd ..; src/temacs |
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643 |
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644 (Note that this runs `temacs' instead of the usual `emacs' executable. |
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645 This avoids problems with dumping Emacs mentioned above.) |
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646 |
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647 Some malloc debugging libraries might print lots of false alarms for |
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648 bitfields used by Emacs in some data structures. If you want to get |
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649 rid of the false alarms, you will have to hack the definitions of |
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650 these data structures on the respective headers to remove the `:N' |
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651 bitfield definitions (which will cause each such field to use a full |
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652 int). |
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653 |
63310 | 654 ** How to recover buffer contents from an Emacs core dump file |
655 | |
656 The file etc/emacs-buffer.gdb defines a set of GDB commands for | |
657 recovering the contents of Emacs buffers from a core dump file. You | |
658 might also find those commands useful for displaying the list of | |
659 buffers in human-readable format from within the debugger. | |
660 | |
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661 ** Some suggestions for debugging on MS Windows: |
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662 |
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663 (written by Marc Fleischeuers, Geoff Voelker and Andrew Innes) |
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664 |
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665 To debug Emacs with Microsoft Visual C++, you either start emacs from |
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666 the debugger or attach the debugger to a running emacs process. |
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667 |
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668 To start emacs from the debugger, you can use the file bin/debug.bat. |
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669 The Microsoft Developer studio will start and under Project, Settings, |
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670 Debug, General you can set the command-line arguments and Emacs's |
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671 startup directory. Set breakpoints (Edit, Breakpoints) at Fsignal and |
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672 other functions that you want to examine. Run the program (Build, |
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673 Start debug). Emacs will start and the debugger will take control as |
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674 soon as a breakpoint is hit. |
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675 |
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676 You can also attach the debugger to an already running Emacs process. |
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677 To do this, start up the Microsoft Developer studio and select Build, |
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678 Start debug, Attach to process. Choose the Emacs process from the |
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679 list. Send a break to the running process (Debug, Break) and you will |
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680 find that execution is halted somewhere in user32.dll. Open the stack |
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681 trace window and go up the stack to w32_msg_pump. Now you can set |
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682 breakpoints in Emacs (Edit, Breakpoints). Continue the running Emacs |
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683 process (Debug, Step out) and control will return to Emacs, until a |
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684 breakpoint is hit. |
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685 |
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686 To examine the contents of a Lisp variable, you can use the function |
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687 'debug_print'. Right-click on a variable, select QuickWatch (it has |
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688 an eyeglass symbol on its button in the toolbar), and in the text |
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689 field at the top of the window, place 'debug_print(' and ')' around |
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690 the expression. Press 'Recalculate' and the output is sent to stderr, |
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691 and to the debugger via the OutputDebugString routine. The output |
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692 sent to stderr should be displayed in the console window that was |
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693 opened when the emacs.exe executable was started. The output sent to |
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694 the debugger should be displayed in the 'Debug' pane in the Output |
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695 window. If Emacs was started from the debugger, a console window was |
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696 opened at Emacs' startup; this console window also shows the output of |
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|
697 'debug_print'. |
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698 |
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699 For example, start and run Emacs in the debugger until it is waiting |
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700 for user input. Then click on the `Break' button in the debugger to |
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701 halt execution. Emacs should halt in `ZwUserGetMessage' waiting for |
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702 an input event. Use the `Call Stack' window to select the procedure |
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703 `w32_msp_pump' up the call stack (see below for why you have to do |
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704 this). Open the QuickWatch window and enter |
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705 "debug_print(Vexec_path)". Evaluating this expression will then print |
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706 out the contents of the Lisp variable `exec-path'. |
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707 |
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708 If QuickWatch reports that the symbol is unknown, then check the call |
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|
709 stack in the `Call Stack' window. If the selected frame in the call |
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710 stack is not an Emacs procedure, then the debugger won't recognize |
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711 Emacs symbols. Instead, select a frame that is inside an Emacs |
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712 procedure and try using `debug_print' again. |
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713 |
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714 If QuickWatch invokes debug_print but nothing happens, then check the |
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715 thread that is selected in the debugger. If the selected thread is |
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716 not the last thread to run (the "current" thread), then it cannot be |
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717 used to execute debug_print. Use the Debug menu to select the current |
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718 thread and try using debug_print again. Note that the debugger halts |
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719 execution (e.g., due to a breakpoint) in the context of the current |
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720 thread, so this should only be a problem if you've explicitly switched |
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721 threads. |
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722 |
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723 It is also possible to keep appropriately masked and typecast Lisp |
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724 symbols in the Watch window, this is more convenient when steeping |
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725 though the code. For instance, on entering apply_lambda, you can |
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726 watch (struct Lisp_Symbol *) (0xfffffff & args[0]). |
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727 |
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728 Optimizations often confuse the MS debugger. For example, the |
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729 debugger will sometimes report wrong line numbers, e.g., when it |
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730 prints the backtrace for a crash. It is usually best to look at the |
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731 disassembly to determine exactly what code is being run--the |
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732 disassembly will probably show several source lines followed by a |
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733 block of assembler for those lines. The actual point where Emacs |
77156 | 734 crashes will be one of those source lines, but not necessarily the one |
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735 that the debugger reports. |
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736 |
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737 Another problematic area with the MS debugger is with variables that |
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738 are stored in registers: it will sometimes display wrong values for |
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739 those variables. Usually you will not be able to see any value for a |
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740 register variable, but if it is only being stored in a register |
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741 temporarily, you will see an old value for it. Again, you need to |
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742 look at the disassembly to determine which registers are being used, |
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743 and look at those registers directly, to see the actual current values |
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744 of these variables. |
52401 | 745 |
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746 |
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747 This file is part of GNU Emacs. |
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748 |
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749 GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify |
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750 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by |
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751 the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or |
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752 (at your option) any later version. |
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753 |
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754 GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, |
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755 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of |
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756 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the |
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757 GNU General Public License for more details. |
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758 |
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759 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License |
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760 along with GNU Emacs. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. |
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761 |
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762 |
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763 Local variables: |
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764 mode: outline |
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765 paragraph-separate: "[ ]*$" |
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766 end: |
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767 |
52401 | 768 ;;; arch-tag: fbf32980-e35d-481f-8e4c-a2eca2586e6b |