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author | Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org> |
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date | Fri, 18 May 2001 11:31:06 +0000 |
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25829 | 1 @c This is part of the Emacs manual. |
2 @c Copyright (C) 1985, 86, 87, 93, 94, 95, 1997 Free Software Foundation, Inc. | |
3 @c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions. | |
4 @node Command Arguments, Antinews, Service, Top | |
5 @appendix Command Line Arguments | |
6 @cindex command line arguments | |
7 @cindex arguments (command line) | |
8 @cindex options (command line) | |
9 @cindex switches (command line) | |
10 @cindex startup (command line arguments) | |
11 | |
12 GNU Emacs supports command line arguments to request various actions | |
13 when invoking Emacs. These are for compatibility with other editors and | |
14 for sophisticated activities. We don't recommend using them for | |
15 ordinary editing. | |
16 | |
17 Arguments starting with @samp{-} are @dfn{options}. Other arguments | |
18 specify files to visit. Emacs visits the specified files while it | |
19 starts up. The last file name on your command line becomes the current | |
20 buffer; the other files are also present in other buffers. As usual, | |
21 the special argument @samp{--} says that all subsequent arguments | |
22 are file names, not options, even if they start with @samp{-}. | |
23 | |
24 Emacs command options can specify many things, such as the size and | |
25 position of the X window Emacs uses, its colors, and so on. A few | |
26 options support advanced usage, such as running Lisp functions on files | |
27 in batch mode. The sections of this chapter describe the available | |
28 options, arranged according to their purpose. | |
29 | |
30 There are two ways of writing options: the short forms that start with | |
31 a single @samp{-}, and the long forms that start with @samp{--}. For | |
32 example, @samp{-d} is a short form and @samp{--display} is the | |
33 corresponding long form. | |
34 | |
35 The long forms with @samp{--} are easier to remember, but longer to | |
36 type. However, you don't have to spell out the whole option name; any | |
37 unambiguous abbreviation is enough. When a long option takes an | |
38 argument, you can use either a space or an equal sign to separate the | |
39 option name and the argument. Thus, you can write either | |
40 @samp{--display sugar-bombs:0.0} or @samp{--display=sugar-bombs:0.0}. | |
41 We recommend an equal sign because it makes the relationship clearer, | |
42 and the tables below always show an equal sign. | |
43 | |
44 @cindex initial options (command line) | |
45 @cindex action options (command line) | |
46 Most options specify how to initialize Emacs, or set parameters for | |
47 the Emacs session. We call them @dfn{initial options}. A few options | |
48 specify things to do: for example, load libraries, call functions, or | |
49 exit Emacs. These are called @dfn{action options}. These and file | |
50 names together are called @dfn{action arguments}. Emacs processes all | |
51 the action arguments in the order they are written. | |
52 | |
53 @menu | |
54 * Action Arguments:: Arguments to visit files, load libraries, | |
55 and call functions. | |
56 * Initial Options:: Arguments that take effect while starting Emacs. | |
57 * Command Example:: Examples of using command line arguments. | |
58 * Resume Arguments:: Specifying arguments when you resume a running Emacs. | |
59 * Environment:: Environment variables that Emacs uses. | |
60 | |
61 * Display X:: Changing the default display and using remote login. | |
62 * Font X:: Choosing a font for text, under X. | |
63 * Colors X:: Choosing colors, under X. | |
64 * Window Size X:: Start-up window size, under X. | |
65 * Borders X:: Internal and external borders, under X. | |
66 * Title X:: Specifying the initial frame's title. | |
67 * Icons X:: Choosing what sort of icon to use, under X. | |
68 * Resources X:: Advanced use of classes and resources, under X. | |
69 * Lucid Resources:: X resources for Lucid menus. | |
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70 * LessTif Resources:: X resources for LessTif and Motif menus. |
25829 | 71 @end menu |
72 | |
73 @node Action Arguments | |
74 @appendixsec Action Arguments | |
75 | |
76 Here is a table of the action arguments and options: | |
77 | |
78 @table @samp | |
79 @item @var{file} | |
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80 @opindex --visit |
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81 @itemx --visit=@var{file} |
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82 @opindex --file |
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83 @itemx --file=@var{file} |
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84 @cindex visiting files, command-line argument |
25829 | 85 Visit @var{file} using @code{find-file}. @xref{Visiting}. |
86 | |
87 @item +@var{linenum} @var{file} | |
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88 @opindex +@var{linenum} |
25829 | 89 Visit @var{file} using @code{find-file}, then go to line number |
90 @var{linenum} in it. | |
91 | |
92 @need 3000 | |
93 @item -l @var{file} | |
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94 @opindex -l |
25829 | 95 @itemx --load=@var{file} |
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96 @opindex --load |
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97 @cindex loading Lisp libraries, command-line argument |
25829 | 98 Load a Lisp library named @var{file} with the function @code{load}. |
99 @xref{Lisp Libraries}. The library can be found either in the current | |
100 directory, or in the Emacs library search path as specified | |
29107 | 101 with @env{EMACSLOADPATH} (@pxref{General Variables}). |
25829 | 102 |
103 @item -f @var{function} | |
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104 @opindex -f |
25829 | 105 @itemx --funcall=@var{function} |
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106 @opindex --funcall |
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107 @cindex call Lisp functions, command-line argument |
25829 | 108 Call Lisp function @var{function} with no arguments. |
109 | |
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110 @item --eval=@var{expression} |
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111 @opindex --eval |
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112 @itemx --execute=@var{expression} |
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113 @opindex --execute |
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114 @cindex evaluate expression, command-line argument |
25829 | 115 Evaluate Lisp expression @var{expression}. |
116 | |
117 @item --insert=@var{file} | |
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118 @opindex --insert |
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119 @cindex insert file contents, command-line argument |
25829 | 120 Insert the contents of @var{file} into the current buffer. This is like |
121 what @kbd{M-x insert-file} does. @xref{Misc File Ops}. | |
122 | |
123 @item --kill | |
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124 @opindex --kill |
25829 | 125 Exit from Emacs without asking for confirmation. |
126 @end table | |
127 | |
128 @vindex command-line-args | |
129 The init file can access the values of the action arguments as the | |
130 elements of a list in the variable @code{command-line-args}. The init | |
131 file can override the normal processing of the action arguments, or | |
132 define new ones, by reading and setting this variable. | |
133 | |
134 @node Initial Options | |
135 @appendixsec Initial Options | |
136 | |
137 The initial options specify parameters for the Emacs session. This | |
138 section describes the more general initial options; some other options | |
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139 specifically related to the X Window System appear in the following |
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140 sections. |
25829 | 141 |
142 Some initial options affect the loading of init files. The normal | |
143 actions of Emacs are to first load @file{site-start.el} if it exists, | |
144 then your own init file @file{~/.emacs} if it exists, and finally | |
145 @file{default.el} if it exists; certain options prevent loading of some | |
146 of these files or substitute other files for them. | |
147 | |
148 @table @samp | |
149 @item -t @var{device} | |
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150 @opindex -t |
25829 | 151 @itemx --terminal=@var{device} |
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152 @opindex --terminal |
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153 @cindex device for Emacs terminal I/O |
25829 | 154 Use @var{device} as the device for terminal input and output. |
155 | |
156 @item -d @var{display} | |
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157 @opindex -d |
25829 | 158 @itemx --display=@var{display} |
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159 @opindex --display |
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160 @cindex display for Emacs frame |
25829 | 161 Use the X Window System and use the display named @var{display} to open |
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162 the initial Emacs frame. @xref{Display X}, for more details. |
25829 | 163 |
164 @item -nw | |
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165 @opindex -nw |
25829 | 166 @itemx --no-windows |
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167 @opindex --no-windows |
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168 @cindex disable window system |
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169 Don't communicate directly with the window system, disregarding the |
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170 @env{DISPLAY} environment variable even if it is set. This forces Emacs |
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171 to run as if the display were a text-only terminal. |
25829 | 172 |
173 @need 3000 | |
174 @cindex batch mode | |
175 @item -batch | |
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176 @opindex --batch |
25829 | 177 @itemx --batch |
178 Run Emacs in @dfn{batch mode}, which means that the text being edited is | |
179 not displayed and the standard terminal interrupt characters such as | |
180 @kbd{C-z} and @kbd{C-c} continue to have their normal effect. Emacs in | |
181 batch mode outputs to @code{stderr} only what would normally be printed | |
36875 | 182 in the echo area under program control, and functions which would |
183 normally read from the minibuffer take their input from @code{stdin}. | |
25829 | 184 |
185 Batch mode is used for running programs written in Emacs Lisp from | |
186 shell scripts, makefiles, and so on. Normally the @samp{-l} option | |
187 or @samp{-f} option will be used as well, to invoke a Lisp program | |
188 to do the batch processing. | |
189 | |
190 @samp{-batch} implies @samp{-q} (do not load an init file). It also causes | |
191 Emacs to kill itself after all command options have been processed. In | |
192 addition, auto-saving is not done except in buffers for which it has been | |
193 explicitly requested. | |
194 | |
195 @item -q | |
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196 @opindex -q |
25829 | 197 @itemx --no-init-file |
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198 @opindex --no-init-file |
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199 @cindex bypassing init and site-start file |
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200 @cindex init file, not loading |
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201 @cindex @file{default.el} file, not loading |
25829 | 202 Do not load your Emacs init file @file{~/.emacs}, or @file{default.el} |
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203 either. When invoked like this, Emacs does not allow to save options |
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204 changed with the @kbd{M-x customize} command and its variants. |
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205 @xref{Easy Customization}. |
25829 | 206 |
207 @item --no-site-file | |
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208 @opindex --no-site-file |
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209 @cindex @file{site-start.el} file, not loading |
25829 | 210 Do not load @file{site-start.el}. The options @samp{-q}, @samp{-u} |
211 and @samp{-batch} have no effect on the loading of this file---this is | |
212 the only option that blocks it. | |
213 | |
214 @item -u @var{user} | |
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215 @opindex -u |
25829 | 216 @itemx --user=@var{user} |
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217 @opindex --user |
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218 @cindex load init file of another user |
25829 | 219 Load @var{user}'s Emacs init file @file{~@var{user}/.emacs} instead of |
220 your own. | |
221 | |
222 @item --debug-init | |
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223 @opindex --debug-init |
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224 @cindex errors in init file |
25829 | 225 Enable the Emacs Lisp debugger for errors in the init file. |
226 | |
227 @item --unibyte | |
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228 @opindex --unibyte |
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229 @cindex unibyte operation, command-line argument |
25829 | 230 Set up to do almost everything with single-byte buffers and strings. |
231 All buffers and strings are unibyte unless you (or a Lisp program) | |
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232 explicitly ask for a multibyte buffer or string. (Note that Emacs |
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233 always loads Lisp files in multibyte mode, even if @samp{--unibyte} is |
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234 specified; see @ref{Enabling Multibyte}.) Setting the environment |
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235 variable @env{EMACS_UNIBYTE} has the same effect. |
25829 | 236 |
237 @item --multibyte | |
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238 @opindex --multibyte |
29107 | 239 Inhibit the effect of @env{EMACS_UNIBYTE}, so that Emacs |
25829 | 240 uses multibyte characters by default, as usual. |
241 @end table | |
242 | |
243 @node Command Example | |
244 @appendixsec Command Argument Example | |
245 | |
246 Here is an example of using Emacs with arguments and options. It | |
247 assumes you have a Lisp program file called @file{hack-c.el} which, when | |
248 loaded, performs some useful operation on the current buffer, expected | |
249 to be a C program. | |
250 | |
251 @example | |
252 emacs -batch foo.c -l hack-c -f save-buffer >& log | |
253 @end example | |
254 | |
255 @noindent | |
256 This says to visit @file{foo.c}, load @file{hack-c.el} (which makes | |
257 changes in the visited file), save @file{foo.c} (note that | |
258 @code{save-buffer} is the function that @kbd{C-x C-s} is bound to), and | |
259 then exit back to the shell (because of @samp{-batch}). @samp{-batch} | |
260 also guarantees there will be no problem redirecting output to | |
261 @file{log}, because Emacs will not assume that it has a display terminal | |
262 to work with. | |
263 | |
264 @node Resume Arguments | |
265 @appendixsec Resuming Emacs with Arguments | |
266 | |
267 You can specify action arguments for Emacs when you resume it after | |
268 a suspension. To prepare for this, put the following code in your | |
269 @file{.emacs} file (@pxref{Hooks}): | |
270 | |
271 @example | |
272 (add-hook 'suspend-hook 'resume-suspend-hook) | |
273 (add-hook 'suspend-resume-hook 'resume-process-args) | |
274 @end example | |
275 | |
276 As further preparation, you must execute the shell script | |
277 @file{emacs.csh} (if you use csh as your shell) or @file{emacs.bash} (if | |
278 you use bash as your shell). These scripts define an alias named | |
279 @code{edit}, which will resume Emacs giving it new command line | |
280 arguments such as files to visit. | |
281 | |
282 Only action arguments work properly when you resume Emacs. Initial | |
283 arguments are not recognized---it's too late to execute them anyway. | |
284 | |
285 Note that resuming Emacs (with or without arguments) must be done from | |
286 within the shell that is the parent of the Emacs job. This is why | |
287 @code{edit} is an alias rather than a program or a shell script. It is | |
288 not possible to implement a resumption command that could be run from | |
289 other subjobs of the shell; no way to define a command that could be | |
29107 | 290 made the value of @env{EDITOR}, for example. Therefore, this feature |
25829 | 291 does not take the place of the Emacs Server feature (@pxref{Emacs |
292 Server}). | |
293 | |
294 The aliases use the Emacs Server feature if you appear to have a | |
295 server Emacs running. However, they cannot determine this with complete | |
296 accuracy. They may think that a server is still running when in | |
297 actuality you have killed that Emacs, because the file | |
298 @file{/tmp/.esrv@dots{}} still exists. If this happens, find that | |
299 file and delete it. | |
300 | |
301 @node Environment | |
302 @appendixsec Environment Variables | |
303 @cindex environment variables | |
304 | |
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305 The @dfn{environment} is a feature of the operating system; it |
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306 consists of a collection of variables with names and values. Each |
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307 variable is called an @dfn{environment variable}; environment variable |
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308 names are case-sensitive, and it is conventional to use upper case |
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309 letters only. The values are all text strings. |
25829 | 310 |
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311 What makes the environment useful is that subprocesses inherit the |
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312 environment automatically from their parent process. This means you |
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313 can set up an environment variable in your login shell, and all the |
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314 programs you run (including Emacs) will automatically see it. |
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315 Subprocesses of Emacs (such as shells, compilers, and version-control |
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316 software) inherit the environment from Emacs, too. |
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317 |
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318 @findex setenv |
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319 @findex getenv |
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320 Inside Emacs, the command @kbd{M-x getenv} gets the value of an |
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321 environment variable. @kbd{M-x setenv} sets a variable in the Emacs |
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322 environment. The way to set environment variables outside of Emacs |
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323 depends on the operating system, and especially the shell that you are |
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324 using. For example, here's how to set the environment variable |
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325 @env{ORGANIZATION} to @samp{not very much} using Bash: |
25829 | 326 |
327 @example | |
328 export ORGANIZATION="not very much" | |
329 @end example | |
330 | |
331 @noindent | |
332 and here's how to do it in csh or tcsh: | |
333 | |
334 @example | |
335 setenv ORGANIZATION "not very much" | |
336 @end example | |
337 | |
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338 When Emacs is set-up to use the X Window System, it inherits the use |
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339 of a large number of environment variables from the X libraries. See |
25829 | 340 the X documentation for more information. |
341 | |
342 @menu | |
343 * General Variables:: Environment variables that all versions of Emacs use. | |
344 * Misc Variables:: Certain system-specific variables. | |
345 @end menu | |
346 | |
347 @node General Variables | |
348 @appendixsubsec General Variables | |
349 | |
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350 Here is an alphabetical list of specific environment variables that |
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351 have special meanings in Emacs, giving the name of each variable and |
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352 its meaning. Most of these variables are also used by some other |
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353 programs. Emacs does not require any of these environment variables |
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354 to be set, but it uses their values if they are set. |
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355 |
29107 | 356 @table @env |
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357 @item CDPATH |
25829 | 358 Used by the @code{cd} command to search for the directory you specify, |
359 when you specify a relative directory name. | |
360 @item DOMAINNAME | |
361 The name of the Internet domain that the machine running Emacs is | |
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362 located in. Used by the Gnus package. |
25829 | 363 @item EMACS_UNIBYTE |
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364 @cindex unibyte operation, environment variable |
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365 Defining this environment variable with a nonempty value directs Emacs |
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366 to do almost everything with single-byte buffers and strings. It is |
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367 equivalent to using the @samp{--unibyte} command-line option on each |
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368 invocation. @xref{Initial Options}. |
25829 | 369 @item EMACSDATA |
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370 Directory for the architecture-independent files that come with Emacs. |
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371 This is used to initialize the Lisp variable @code{data-directory}. |
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372 @item EMACSDOC |
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373 Directory for the documentation string file, |
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374 @file{DOC-@var{emacsversion}}. This is used to initialize the Lisp |
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375 variable @code{doc-directory}. |
25829 | 376 @item EMACSLOADPATH |
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377 A colon-separated list of directories@footnote{ |
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378 Here and below, whenever we say ``colon-separated list of directories'', |
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379 it pertains to Unix and GNU/Linux systems. On MS-DOS and MS-Windows, |
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380 the directories are separated by semi-colons instead, since DOS/Windows |
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381 file names might include a colon after a drive letter.} |
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382 to search for Emacs Lisp files---used to initialize @code{load-path}. |
25829 | 383 @item EMACSPATH |
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384 A colon-separated list of directories to search for executable |
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385 files---used to initialize @code{exec-path}. |
25829 | 386 @item ESHELL |
29107 | 387 Used for shell-mode to override the @env{SHELL} environment variable. |
25829 | 388 @item HISTFILE |
389 The name of the file that shell commands are saved in between logins. | |
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390 This variable defaults to @file{~/.bash_history} if you use Bash, to |
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391 @file{~/.sh_history} if you use ksh, and to @file{~/.history} |
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392 otherwise. |
25829 | 393 @item HOME |
394 The location of the user's files in the directory tree; used for | |
395 expansion of file names starting with a tilde (@file{~}). On MS-DOS, it | |
396 defaults to the directory from which Emacs was started, with @samp{/bin} | |
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397 removed from the end if it was present. On Windows, the default value |
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398 of @code{HOME} is @file{C:/}, the root directory of drive @file{C:}. |
25829 | 399 @item HOSTNAME |
400 The name of the machine that Emacs is running on. | |
401 @item INCPATH | |
402 A colon-separated list of directories. Used by the @code{complete} package | |
403 to search for files. | |
404 @item INFOPATH | |
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405 A colon-separated list of directories in which to search for Info files. |
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406 @item LC_ALL |
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407 @itemx LC_COLLATE |
25829 | 408 @itemx LC_CTYPE |
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409 @itemx LC_MESSAGES |
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410 @itemx LC_MONETARY |
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411 @itemx LC_NUMERIC |
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412 @itemx LC_TIME |
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413 @itemx LANG |
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414 The user's preferred locale. The locale has six categories, specified |
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415 by the environment variables @env{LC_COLLATE} for sorting, |
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416 @env{LC_CTYPE} for character encoding, @env{LC_MESSAGES} for system |
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417 messages, @env{LC_MONETARY} for monetary formats, @env{LC_NUMERIC} for |
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418 numbers, and @env{LC_TIME} for dates and times. If one of these |
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419 variables is not set, the category defaults to the value of the |
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420 @env{LANG} environment variable, or to the default @samp{C} locale if |
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421 @env{LANG} is not set. But if @env{LC_ALL} is specified, it overrides |
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422 the settings of all the other locale environment variables. |
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423 |
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424 The value of the LC_CTYPE category is |
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425 matched against entries in @code{locale-language-names}, |
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426 @code{locale-charset-language-names}, and |
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427 @code{locale-preferred-coding-systems}, to select a default language |
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428 environment and coding system. @xref{Language Environments}. |
25829 | 429 @item LOGNAME |
29107 | 430 The user's login name. See also @env{USER}. |
25829 | 431 @item MAIL |
432 The name of the user's system mail inbox. | |
433 @item MAILRC | |
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434 Name of file containing mail aliases. (The default is |
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435 @file{~/.mailrc}.) |
25829 | 436 @item MH |
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437 Name of setup file for the mh system. (The default is @file{~/.mh_profile}.) |
25829 | 438 @item NAME |
439 The real-world name of the user. | |
440 @item NNTPSERVER | |
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441 The name of the news server. Used by the mh and Gnus packages. |
25829 | 442 @item ORGANIZATION |
443 The name of the organization to which you belong. Used for setting the | |
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444 `Organization:' header in your posts from the Gnus package. |
25829 | 445 @item PATH |
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446 A colon-separated list of directories in which executables reside. This |
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447 is used to initialize the Emacs Lisp variable @code{exec-path}. |
25829 | 448 @item PWD |
449 If set, this should be the default directory when Emacs was started. | |
450 @item REPLYTO | |
451 If set, this specifies an initial value for the variable | |
452 @code{mail-default-reply-to}. @xref{Mail Headers}. | |
453 @item SAVEDIR | |
454 The name of a directory in which news articles are saved by default. | |
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455 Used by the Gnus package. |
25829 | 456 @item SHELL |
457 The name of an interpreter used to parse and execute programs run from | |
458 inside Emacs. | |
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459 @cindex background mode, on @code{xterm} |
25829 | 460 @item TERM |
461 The name of the terminal that Emacs is running on. The variable must be | |
462 set unless Emacs is run in batch mode. On MS-DOS, it defaults to | |
463 @samp{internal}, which specifies a built-in terminal emulation that | |
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464 handles the machine's own display. If the value of @env{TERM} indicates |
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465 that Emacs runs in non-windowed mode from @code{xterm} or a similar |
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466 terminal emulator, the background mode defaults to @samp{light}, and |
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467 Emacs will choose colors that are appropriate for a light background. |
25829 | 468 @item TERMCAP |
469 The name of the termcap library file describing how to program the | |
29107 | 470 terminal specified by the @env{TERM} variable. This defaults to |
25829 | 471 @file{/etc/termcap}. |
472 @item TMPDIR | |
473 Used by the Emerge package as a prefix for temporary files. | |
474 @item TZ | |
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475 This specifies the current time zone and possibly also daylight |
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476 saving time information. On MS-DOS, if @code{TZ} is not set in the |
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477 environment when Emacs starts, Emacs defines a default value as |
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478 appropriate for the country code returned by DOS. On MS-Windows, Emacs |
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479 does not use @code{TZ} at all. |
25829 | 480 @item USER |
29107 | 481 The user's login name. See also @env{LOGNAME}. On MS-DOS, this |
25829 | 482 defaults to @samp{root}. |
483 @item VERSION_CONTROL | |
484 Used to initialize the @code{version-control} variable (@pxref{Backup | |
485 Names}). | |
486 @end table | |
487 | |
488 @node Misc Variables | |
489 @appendixsubsec Miscellaneous Variables | |
490 | |
491 These variables are used only on particular configurations: | |
492 | |
29107 | 493 @table @env |
25829 | 494 @item COMSPEC |
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495 On MS-DOS and MS-Windows, the name of the command interpreter to use |
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496 when invoking batch files and commands internal to the shell. On MS-DOS |
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497 this is also used to make a default value for the @env{SHELL} environment |
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498 variable. |
25829 | 499 |
500 @item NAME | |
29107 | 501 On MS-DOS, this variable defaults to the value of the @env{USER} |
25829 | 502 variable. |
503 | |
504 @item TEMP | |
505 @itemx TMP | |
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506 On MS-DOS and MS-Windows, these specify the name of the directory for |
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507 storing temporary files in. |
25829 | 508 |
509 @item EMACSTEST | |
510 On MS-DOS, this specifies a file to use to log the operation of the | |
511 internal terminal emulator. This feature is useful for submitting bug | |
512 reports. | |
513 | |
514 @item EMACSCOLORS | |
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515 On MS-DOS, this specifies the screen colors. It is useful to set them |
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516 this way, since otherwise Emacs would display the default colors |
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517 momentarily when it starts up. |
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518 |
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519 The value of this variable should be the two-character encoding of the |
25829 | 520 foreground (the first character) and the background (the second |
521 character) colors of the default face. Each character should be the | |
522 hexadecimal code for the desired color on a standard PC text-mode | |
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523 display. For example, to get blue text on a lightgray backgraound, |
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524 specify @samp{EMACSCOLORS=17}, since 1 is the code of the blue color and |
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525 7 is the code of the lightgray color. |
25829 | 526 |
527 The PC display usually supports only eight background colors. However, | |
528 Emacs switches the DOS display to a mode where all 16 colors can be used | |
529 for the background, so all four bits of the background color are | |
530 actually used. | |
531 | |
532 @item WINDOW_GFX | |
533 Used when initializing the Sun windows system. | |
534 @end table | |
535 | |
536 @node Display X | |
537 @appendixsec Specifying the Display Name | |
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538 @cindex display name (X Window System) |
29107 | 539 @cindex @env{DISPLAY} environment variable |
25829 | 540 |
29107 | 541 The environment variable @env{DISPLAY} tells all X clients, including |
25829 | 542 Emacs, where to display their windows. Its value is set up by default |
543 in ordinary circumstances, when you start an X server and run jobs | |
544 locally. Occasionally you may need to specify the display yourself; for | |
545 example, if you do a remote login and want to run a client program | |
546 remotely, displaying on your local screen. | |
547 | |
548 With Emacs, the main reason people change the default display is to | |
549 let them log into another system, run Emacs on that system, but have the | |
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550 window displayed at their local terminal. You might need to log in |
25829 | 551 to another system because the files you want to edit are there, or |
552 because the Emacs executable file you want to run is there. | |
553 | |
29107 | 554 The syntax of the @env{DISPLAY} environment variable is |
25829 | 555 @samp{@var{host}:@var{display}.@var{screen}}, where @var{host} is the |
556 host name of the X Window System server machine, @var{display} is an | |
557 arbitrarily-assigned number that distinguishes your server (X terminal) | |
558 from other servers on the same machine, and @var{screen} is a | |
559 rarely-used field that allows an X server to control multiple terminal | |
560 screens. The period and the @var{screen} field are optional. If | |
561 included, @var{screen} is usually zero. | |
562 | |
563 For example, if your host is named @samp{glasperle} and your server is | |
564 the first (or perhaps the only) server listed in the configuration, your | |
29107 | 565 @env{DISPLAY} is @samp{glasperle:0.0}. |
25829 | 566 |
567 You can specify the display name explicitly when you run Emacs, either | |
29107 | 568 by changing the @env{DISPLAY} variable, or with the option @samp{-d |
25829 | 569 @var{display}} or @samp{--display=@var{display}}. Here is an example: |
570 | |
571 @smallexample | |
572 emacs --display=glasperle:0 & | |
573 @end smallexample | |
574 | |
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575 You can inhibit the direct use of the window system and GUI with the |
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576 @samp{-nw} option. It tells Emacs to display using ordinary ASCII on |
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577 its controlling terminal. This is also an initial option. |
25829 | 578 |
579 Sometimes, security arrangements prevent a program on a remote system | |
580 from displaying on your local system. In this case, trying to run Emacs | |
581 produces messages like this: | |
582 | |
583 @smallexample | |
584 Xlib: connection to "glasperle:0.0" refused by server | |
585 @end smallexample | |
586 | |
587 @noindent | |
588 You might be able to overcome this problem by using the @code{xhost} | |
589 command on the local system to give permission for access from your | |
590 remote machine. | |
591 | |
592 @node Font X | |
593 @appendixsec Font Specification Options | |
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594 @cindex font name (X Window System) |
25829 | 595 |
596 By default, Emacs displays text in the font named @samp{9x15}, which | |
597 makes each character nine pixels wide and fifteen pixels high. You can | |
598 specify a different font on your command line through the option | |
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599 @samp{-fn @var{name}} (or @samp{--font}, which is an alias for |
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600 @samp{-fn}). |
25829 | 601 |
602 @table @samp | |
603 @item -fn @var{name} | |
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604 @opindex -fn |
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605 @itemx --font=@var{name} |
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606 @opindex --font |
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607 @cindex specify default font from the command line |
25829 | 608 Use font @var{name} as the default font. |
609 @end table | |
610 | |
611 Under X, each font has a long name which consists of eleven words or | |
612 numbers, separated by dashes. Some fonts also have shorter | |
613 nicknames---@samp{9x15} is such a nickname. You can use either kind of | |
614 name. You can use wildcard patterns for the font name; then Emacs lets | |
615 X choose one of the fonts that match the pattern. Here is an example, | |
616 which happens to specify the font whose nickname is @samp{6x13}: | |
617 | |
618 @smallexample | |
619 emacs -fn "-misc-fixed-medium-r-semicondensed--13-*-*-*-c-60-iso8859-1" & | |
620 @end smallexample | |
621 | |
622 @noindent | |
623 You can also specify the font in your @file{.Xdefaults} file: | |
624 | |
625 @smallexample | |
626 emacs.font: -misc-fixed-medium-r-semicondensed--13-*-*-*-c-60-iso8859-1 | |
627 @end smallexample | |
628 | |
629 A long font name has the following form: | |
630 | |
631 @smallexample | |
632 -@var{maker}-@var{family}-@var{weight}-@var{slant}-@var{widthtype}-@var{style}@dots{} | |
633 @dots{}-@var{pixels}-@var{height}-@var{horiz}-@var{vert}-@var{spacing}-@var{width}-@var{charset} | |
634 @end smallexample | |
635 | |
636 @table @var | |
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637 @item maker |
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638 This is the name of the font manufacturer. |
25829 | 639 @item family |
640 This is the name of the font family---for example, @samp{courier}. | |
641 @item weight | |
642 This is normally @samp{bold}, @samp{medium} or @samp{light}. Other | |
643 words may appear here in some font names. | |
644 @item slant | |
645 This is @samp{r} (roman), @samp{i} (italic), @samp{o} (oblique), | |
646 @samp{ri} (reverse italic), or @samp{ot} (other). | |
647 @item widthtype | |
648 This is normally @samp{condensed}, @samp{extended}, @samp{semicondensed} | |
649 or @samp{normal}. Other words may appear here in some font names. | |
650 @item style | |
651 This is an optional additional style name. Usually it is empty---most | |
652 long font names have two hyphens in a row at this point. | |
653 @item pixels | |
654 This is the font height, in pixels. | |
655 @item height | |
656 This is the font height on the screen, measured in tenths of a printer's | |
657 point---approximately 1/720 of an inch. In other words, it is the point | |
658 size of the font, times ten. For a given vertical resolution, | |
659 @var{height} and @var{pixels} are proportional; therefore, it is common | |
660 to specify just one of them and use @samp{*} for the other. | |
661 @item horiz | |
662 This is the horizontal resolution, in pixels per inch, of the screen for | |
663 which the font is intended. | |
664 @item vert | |
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665 This is the vertical resolution, in pixels per inch, of the screen for |
25829 | 666 which the font is intended. Normally the resolution of the fonts on |
667 your system is the right value for your screen; therefore, you normally | |
668 specify @samp{*} for this and @var{horiz}. | |
669 @item spacing | |
670 This is @samp{m} (monospace), @samp{p} (proportional) or @samp{c} | |
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671 (character cell). |
25829 | 672 @item width |
673 This is the average character width, in pixels, multiplied by ten. | |
674 @item charset | |
675 This is the character set that the font depicts. | |
676 Normally you should use @samp{iso8859-1}. | |
677 @end table | |
678 | |
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679 @cindex listing system fonts |
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680 You will probably want to use a fixed-width default font---that is, |
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681 a font in which all characters have the same width. Any font with |
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682 @samp{m} or @samp{c} in the @var{spacing} field of the long name is a |
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683 fixed-width font. Here's how to use the @code{xlsfonts} program to |
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684 list all the fixed-width fonts available on your system: |
25829 | 685 |
686 @example | |
687 xlsfonts -fn '*x*' | egrep "^[0-9]+x[0-9]+" | |
688 xlsfonts -fn '*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-m*' | |
689 xlsfonts -fn '*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-c*' | |
690 @end example | |
691 | |
692 @noindent | |
693 To see what a particular font looks like, use the @code{xfd} command. | |
694 For example: | |
695 | |
696 @example | |
697 xfd -fn 6x13 | |
698 @end example | |
699 | |
700 @noindent | |
701 displays the entire font @samp{6x13}. | |
702 | |
703 While running Emacs, you can set the font of the current frame | |
704 (@pxref{Frame Parameters}) or for a specific kind of text | |
705 (@pxref{Faces}). | |
706 | |
707 @node Colors X | |
708 @appendixsec Window Color Options | |
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709 @cindex color of window |
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710 @cindex text colors, from command line |
25829 | 711 |
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712 @findex list-colors-display |
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713 @cindex available colors |
25829 | 714 On a color display, you can specify which color to use for various |
715 parts of the Emacs display. To find out what colors are available on | |
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716 your system, type @kbd{M-x list-colors-display}, or press |
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717 @kbd{C-Mouse-2} and select @samp{Display Colors} from the pop-up menu. |
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718 If you do not specify colors, on windowed displays the default for the |
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719 background is white and the default for all other colors is black. On a |
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720 monochrome display, the foreground is black, the background is white, |
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721 and the border is gray if the display supports that. On terminals, the |
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722 background is usually black and the foreground is white. |
25829 | 723 |
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724 Here is a list of the command-line options for specifying colors: |
25829 | 725 |
726 @table @samp | |
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727 @item -fg @var{color} |
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728 @opindex -fg |
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729 @itemx --foreground-color=@var{color} |
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730 @opindex --foreground-color |
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731 @cindex foreground color, command-line argument |
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732 Specify the foreground color. @var{color} should be a standard color |
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733 name, or a numeric specification of the color's red, green, and blue |
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734 components as in @samp{#4682B4} or @samp{RGB:46/82/B4}. |
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735 @item -bg @var{color} |
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736 @opindex -bg |
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737 @itemx --background-color=@var{color} |
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738 @opindex --background-color |
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739 @cindex background color, command-line argument |
25829 | 740 Specify the background color. |
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741 @item -bd @var{color} |
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742 @opindex -bd |
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743 @itemx --border-color=@var{color} |
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744 @opindex --border-color |
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745 @cindex border color, command-line argument |
25829 | 746 Specify the color of the border of the X window. |
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747 @item -cr @var{color} |
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748 @opindex -cr |
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749 @itemx --cursor-color=@var{color} |
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750 @opindex --cursor-color |
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751 @cindex cursor color, command-line argument |
25829 | 752 Specify the color of the Emacs cursor which indicates where point is. |
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753 @item -ms @var{color} |
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754 @opindex -ms |
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755 @itemx --mouse-color=@var{color} |
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756 @opindex --mouse-color |
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757 @cindex mouse pointer color, command-line argument |
25829 | 758 Specify the color for the mouse cursor when the mouse is in the Emacs window. |
759 @item -r | |
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760 @opindex -r |
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761 @itemx -rv |
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762 @opindex -rv |
25829 | 763 @itemx --reverse-video |
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764 @opindex --reverse-video |
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765 @cindex reverse video, command-line argument |
25829 | 766 Reverse video---swap the foreground and background colors. |
767 @end table | |
768 | |
769 For example, to use a coral mouse cursor and a slate blue text cursor, | |
770 enter: | |
771 | |
772 @example | |
773 emacs -ms coral -cr 'slate blue' & | |
774 @end example | |
775 | |
776 You can reverse the foreground and background colors through the | |
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777 @samp{-rv} option or with the X resource @samp{reverseVideo}. |
25829 | 778 |
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779 The @samp{-fg}, @samp{-bg}, and @samp{-rv} options function on |
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780 text-only terminals as well as on window systems. |
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781 |
25829 | 782 @node Window Size X |
783 @appendixsec Options for Window Geometry | |
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784 @cindex geometry of Emacs window |
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785 @cindex position and size of Emacs frame |
25829 | 786 |
787 The @samp{-geometry} option controls the size and position of the | |
788 initial Emacs frame. Here is the format for specifying the window | |
789 geometry: | |
790 | |
791 @table @samp | |
792 @item -g @var{width}x@var{height}@r{@{}+-@r{@}}@var{xoffset}@r{@{}+-@r{@}}@var{yoffset} | |
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793 @opindex -g |
25829 | 794 Specify window size @var{width} and @var{height} (measured in character |
795 columns and lines), and positions @var{xoffset} and @var{yoffset} | |
796 (measured in pixels). | |
797 | |
798 @item --geometry=@var{width}x@var{height}@r{@{}+-@r{@}}@var{xoffset}@r{@{}+-@r{@}}@var{yoffset} | |
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799 @opindex --geometry |
25829 | 800 This is another way of writing the same thing. |
801 @end table | |
802 | |
803 @noindent | |
804 @code{@r{@{}+-@r{@}}} means either a plus sign or a minus sign. A plus | |
805 sign before @var{xoffset} means it is the distance from the left side of | |
806 the screen; a minus sign means it counts from the right side. A plus | |
807 sign before @var{yoffset} means it is the distance from the top of the | |
808 screen, and a minus sign there indicates the distance from the bottom. | |
809 The values @var{xoffset} and @var{yoffset} may themselves be positive or | |
810 negative, but that doesn't change their meaning, only their direction. | |
811 | |
812 Emacs uses the same units as @code{xterm} does to interpret the geometry. | |
813 The @var{width} and @var{height} are measured in characters, so a large font | |
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814 creates a larger frame than a small font. (If you specify a proportional |
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815 font, Emacs uses its maximum bounds width as the width unit.) The |
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816 @var{xoffset} and @var{yoffset} are measured in pixels. |
25829 | 817 |
818 Since the mode line and the echo area occupy the last 2 lines of the | |
819 frame, the height of the initial text window is 2 less than the height | |
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820 specified in your geometry. In non-X-toolkit versions of Emacs, the |
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821 menu bar also takes one line of the specified number. But in the X |
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822 toolkit version, the menu bar is additional and does not count against |
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823 the specified height. The tool bar, if present, is also additional. |
25829 | 824 |
825 You do not have to specify all of the fields in the geometry | |
826 specification. | |
827 | |
828 If you omit both @var{xoffset} and @var{yoffset}, the window manager | |
829 decides where to put the Emacs frame, possibly by letting you place | |
830 it with the mouse. For example, @samp{164x55} specifies a window 164 | |
831 columns wide, enough for two ordinary width windows side by side, and 55 | |
832 lines tall. | |
833 | |
834 The default width for Emacs is 80 characters and the default height is | |
835 40 lines. You can omit either the width or the height or both. If | |
836 you start the geometry with an integer, Emacs interprets it as the | |
837 width. If you start with an @samp{x} followed by an integer, Emacs | |
838 interprets it as the height. Thus, @samp{81} specifies just the width; | |
839 @samp{x45} specifies just the height. | |
840 | |
841 If you start with @samp{+} or @samp{-}, that introduces an offset, | |
842 which means both sizes are omitted. Thus, @samp{-3} specifies the | |
843 @var{xoffset} only. (If you give just one offset, it is always | |
844 @var{xoffset}.) @samp{+3-3} specifies both the @var{xoffset} and the | |
845 @var{yoffset}, placing the frame near the bottom left of the screen. | |
846 | |
847 You can specify a default for any or all of the fields in | |
848 @file{.Xdefaults} file, and then override selected fields with a | |
849 @samp{--geometry} option. | |
850 | |
851 @node Borders X | |
852 @appendixsec Internal and External Borders | |
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853 @cindex borders (X Window System) |
25829 | 854 |
855 An Emacs frame has an internal border and an external border. The | |
856 internal border is an extra strip of the background color around all | |
857 four edges of the frame. Emacs itself adds the internal border. The | |
858 external border is added by the window manager outside the internal | |
859 border; it may contain various boxes you can click on to move or iconify | |
860 the window. | |
861 | |
862 @table @samp | |
863 @item -ib @var{width} | |
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864 @opindex -ib |
25829 | 865 @itemx --internal-border=@var{width} |
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866 @opindex --internal-border |
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867 @cindex border width, command-line argument |
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868 Specify @var{width} as the width of the internal border, in pixels. |
25829 | 869 |
870 @item -bw @var{width} | |
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871 @opindex -bw |
25829 | 872 @itemx --border-width=@var{width} |
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873 @opindex --border-width |
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874 Specify @var{width} as the width of the main border, in pixels. |
25829 | 875 @end table |
876 | |
877 When you specify the size of the frame, that does not count the | |
878 borders. The frame's position is measured from the outside edge of the | |
879 external border. | |
880 | |
881 Use the @samp{-ib @var{n}} option to specify an internal border | |
882 @var{n} pixels wide. The default is 1. Use @samp{-bw @var{n}} to | |
883 specify the width of the external border (though the window manager may | |
884 not pay attention to what you specify). The default width of the | |
885 external border is 2. | |
886 | |
887 @node Title X | |
888 @appendixsec Frame Titles | |
889 | |
890 An Emacs frame may or may not have a specified title. The frame | |
891 title, if specified, appears in window decorations and icons as the name | |
892 of the frame. If an Emacs frame has no specified title, the default | |
893 title is the name of the executable program (if there is only one frame) | |
894 or the selected window's buffer name (if there is more than one frame). | |
895 | |
896 You can specify a title for the initial Emacs frame with a command | |
897 line option: | |
898 | |
899 @table @samp | |
900 @item -title @var{title} | |
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901 @opindex --title |
25829 | 902 @itemx --title=@var{title} |
903 @itemx -T @var{title} | |
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904 @opindex -T |
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905 @cindex frame title, command-line argument |
25829 | 906 Specify @var{title} as the title for the initial Emacs frame. |
907 @end table | |
908 | |
909 The @samp{--name} option (@pxref{Resources X}) also specifies the title | |
910 for the initial Emacs frame. | |
911 | |
912 @node Icons X | |
913 @appendixsec Icons | |
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914 @cindex icons (X Window System) |
25829 | 915 |
916 Most window managers allow the user to ``iconify'' a frame, removing | |
917 it from sight, and leaving a small, distinctive ``icon'' window in its | |
918 place. Clicking on the icon window makes the frame itself appear again. | |
919 If you have many clients running at once, you can avoid cluttering up | |
920 the screen by iconifying most of the clients. | |
921 | |
922 @table @samp | |
923 @item -i | |
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924 @opindex -i |
25829 | 925 @itemx --icon-type |
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926 @opindex --icon-type |
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927 @cindex Emacs icon, a gnu |
25829 | 928 Use a picture of a gnu as the Emacs icon. |
929 | |
930 @item -iconic | |
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931 @opindex --iconic |
25829 | 932 @itemx --iconic |
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933 @cindex start iconified, command-line argument |
25829 | 934 Start Emacs in iconified state. |
935 @end table | |
936 | |
937 The @samp{-i} or @samp{--icon-type} option tells Emacs to use an icon | |
938 window containing a picture of the GNU gnu. If omitted, Emacs lets the | |
939 window manager choose what sort of icon to use---usually just a small | |
940 rectangle containing the frame's title. | |
941 | |
942 The @samp{-iconic} option tells Emacs to begin running as an icon, | |
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943 rather than showing a frame right away. In this situation, the icon |
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944 is the only indication that Emacs has started; the text frame doesn't |
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945 appear until you deiconify it. |
25829 | 946 |
947 @node Resources X | |
948 @appendixsec X Resources | |
949 @cindex resources | |
950 | |
951 Programs running under the X Window System organize their user options | |
952 under a hierarchy of classes and resources. You can specify default | |
953 values for these options in your X resources file, usually named | |
954 @file{~/.Xdefaults}. | |
955 | |
956 Each line in the file specifies a value for one option or for a | |
957 collection of related options, for one program or for several programs | |
958 (optionally even for all programs). | |
959 | |
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960 @cindex Registry (MS-Windows) |
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961 MS-Windows systems don't support @file{~/.Xdefaults} files, but |
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962 Emacs compiled for Windows looks for X resources in the Windows |
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963 Registry, under the keys @samp{HKEY_CURRENT_USER\SOFTWARE\GNU\Emacs} |
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964 and @samp{HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\GNU\Emacs}. |
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965 |
25829 | 966 Programs define named resources with particular meanings. They also |
967 define how to group resources into named classes. For instance, in | |
968 Emacs, the @samp{internalBorder} resource controls the width of the | |
969 internal border, and the @samp{borderWidth} resource controls the width | |
970 of the external border. Both of these resources are part of the | |
971 @samp{BorderWidth} class. Case distinctions are significant in these | |
972 names. | |
973 | |
974 In @file{~/.Xdefaults}, you can specify a value for a single resource | |
975 on one line, like this: | |
976 | |
977 @example | |
978 emacs.borderWidth: 2 | |
979 @end example | |
980 | |
981 @noindent | |
982 Or you can use a class name to specify the same value for all resources | |
983 in that class. Here's an example: | |
984 | |
985 @example | |
986 emacs.BorderWidth: 2 | |
987 @end example | |
988 | |
989 If you specify a value for a class, it becomes the default for all | |
990 resources in that class. You can specify values for individual | |
991 resources as well; these override the class value, for those particular | |
992 resources. Thus, this example specifies 2 as the default width for all | |
993 borders, but overrides this value with 4 for the external border: | |
994 | |
995 @example | |
996 emacs.Borderwidth: 2 | |
997 emacs.borderwidth: 4 | |
998 @end example | |
999 | |
1000 The order in which the lines appear in the file does not matter. | |
1001 Also, command-line options always override the X resources file. | |
1002 | |
1003 The string @samp{emacs} in the examples above is also a resource | |
1004 name. It actually represents the name of the executable file that you | |
1005 invoke to run Emacs. If Emacs is installed under a different name, it | |
1006 looks for resources under that name instead of @samp{emacs}. | |
1007 | |
1008 @table @samp | |
1009 @item -name @var{name} | |
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1010 @opindex --name |
25829 | 1011 @itemx --name=@var{name} |
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1012 @cindex resource name, command-line argument |
25829 | 1013 Use @var{name} as the resource name (and the title) for the initial |
1014 Emacs frame. This option does not affect subsequent frames, but Lisp | |
1015 programs can specify frame names when they create frames. | |
1016 | |
1017 If you don't specify this option, the default is to use the Emacs | |
1018 executable's name as the resource name. | |
1019 | |
1020 @item -xrm @var{resource-values} | |
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1021 @opindex --xrm |
25829 | 1022 @itemx --xrm=@var{resource-values} |
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1023 @cindex resource values, command-line argument |
25829 | 1024 Specify X resource values for this Emacs job (see below). |
1025 @end table | |
1026 | |
1027 For consistency, @samp{-name} also specifies the name to use for | |
1028 other resource values that do not belong to any particular frame. | |
1029 | |
1030 The resources that name Emacs invocations also belong to a class; its | |
1031 name is @samp{Emacs}. If you write @samp{Emacs} instead of | |
1032 @samp{emacs}, the resource applies to all frames in all Emacs jobs, | |
1033 regardless of frame titles and regardless of the name of the executable | |
1034 file. Here is an example: | |
1035 | |
1036 @example | |
1037 Emacs.BorderWidth: 2 | |
1038 Emacs.borderWidth: 4 | |
1039 @end example | |
1040 | |
1041 You can specify a string of additional resource values for Emacs to | |
1042 use with the command line option @samp{-xrm @var{resources}}. The text | |
1043 @var{resources} should have the same format that you would use inside a file | |
1044 of X resources. To include multiple resource specifications in | |
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1045 @var{resources}, put a newline between them, just as you would in a file. |
25829 | 1046 You can also use @samp{#include "@var{filename}"} to include a file full |
1047 of resource specifications. Resource values specified with @samp{-xrm} | |
1048 take precedence over all other resource specifications. | |
1049 | |
1050 The following table lists the resource names that designate options | |
1051 for Emacs, each with the class that it belongs to: | |
1052 | |
1053 @table @asis | |
1054 @item @code{background} (class @code{Background}) | |
1055 Background color name. | |
1056 | |
1057 @item @code{bitmapIcon} (class @code{BitmapIcon}) | |
1058 Use a bitmap icon (a picture of a gnu) if @samp{on}, let the window | |
1059 manager choose an icon if @samp{off}. | |
1060 | |
1061 @item @code{borderColor} (class @code{BorderColor}) | |
1062 Color name for the external border. | |
1063 | |
1064 @item @code{borderWidth} (class @code{BorderWidth}) | |
1065 Width in pixels of the external border. | |
1066 | |
1067 @item @code{cursorColor} (class @code{Foreground}) | |
1068 Color name for text cursor (point). | |
1069 | |
1070 @item @code{font} (class @code{Font}) | |
1071 Font name for text (or fontset name, @pxref{Fontsets}). | |
1072 | |
1073 @item @code{foreground} (class @code{Foreground}) | |
1074 Color name for text. | |
1075 | |
1076 @item @code{geometry} (class @code{Geometry}) | |
1077 Window size and position. Be careful not to specify this resource as | |
1078 @samp{emacs*geometry}, because that may affect individual menus as well | |
1079 as the Emacs frame itself. | |
1080 | |
1081 If this resource specifies a position, that position applies only to the | |
1082 initial Emacs frame (or, in the case of a resource for a specific frame | |
1083 name, only that frame). However, the size if specified here applies to | |
1084 all frames. | |
1085 | |
1086 @item @code{iconName} (class @code{Title}) | |
1087 Name to display in the icon. | |
1088 | |
1089 @item @code{internalBorder} (class @code{BorderWidth}) | |
1090 Width in pixels of the internal border. | |
1091 | |
30861 | 1092 @item @code{lineSpacing} (class LineSpacing) |
1093 @cindex line spacing | |
1094 @cindex leading | |
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1095 Additional space (@dfn{leading}) between lines, in pixels. |
30861 | 1096 |
25829 | 1097 @item @code{menuBar} (class @code{MenuBar}) |
1098 Give frames menu bars if @samp{on}; don't have menu bars if @samp{off}. | |
1099 | |
34221 | 1100 @item @code{toolBar} (class @code{ToolBar}) |
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1101 Number of lines to reserve for the tool bar. A zero value suppresses |
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1102 the tool bar. If the value is non-zero and |
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1103 @code{auto-resize-tool-bars} is non-@code{nil}, the tool bar's size |
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1104 will be changed automatically so that all tool bar items are visible. |
34221 | 1105 |
25829 | 1106 @item @code{minibuffer} (class @code{Minibuffer}) |
1107 If @samp{none}, don't make a minibuffer in this frame. | |
1108 It will use a separate minibuffer frame instead. | |
1109 | |
1110 @item @code{paneFont} (class @code{Font}) | |
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1111 @cindex font for menus |
25829 | 1112 Font name for menu pane titles, in non-toolkit versions of Emacs. |
1113 | |
1114 @item @code{pointerColor} (class @code{Foreground}) | |
1115 Color of the mouse cursor. | |
1116 | |
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1117 @ignore |
30861 | 1118 @item @code{privateColormap} (class @code{PrivateColormap}) |
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1119 If @samp{on}, use a private colormap, in the case where the ``default |
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1120 visual'' of class PseudoColor and Emacs is using it. |
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1121 @end ignore |
30861 | 1122 |
25829 | 1123 @item @code{reverseVideo} (class @code{ReverseVideo}) |
1124 Switch foreground and background default colors if @samp{on}, use colors as | |
1125 specified if @samp{off}. | |
1126 | |
30861 | 1127 @item @code{screenGamma} (class @code{ScreenGamma}) |
1128 @cindex gamma correction | |
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1129 Gamma correction for colors, equivalent to the frame parameter |
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1130 @code{screen-gamma}. |
25829 | 1131 |
1132 @item @code{selectionFont} (class @code{Font}) | |
1133 Font name for pop-up menu items, in non-toolkit versions of Emacs. (For | |
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1134 toolkit versions, see @ref{Lucid Resources}, also see @ref{LessTif |
25829 | 1135 Resources}.) |
1136 | |
30861 | 1137 @item @code{synchronous} (class @code{Synchronous}) |
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1138 @cindex debugging X problems |
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1139 @cindex synchronous X mode |
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1140 Run Emacs in synchronous mode if @samp{on}. Synchronous mode is |
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1141 useful for debugging X problems. |
30861 | 1142 |
25829 | 1143 @item @code{title} (class @code{Title}) |
1144 Name to display in the title bar of the initial Emacs frame. | |
30861 | 1145 |
1146 @item @code{verticalScrollBars} (class @code{ScrollBars}) | |
1147 Give frames scroll bars if @samp{on}; don't have scroll bars if | |
1148 @samp{off}. | |
25829 | 1149 @end table |
1150 | |
1151 Here are resources for controlling the appearance of particular faces | |
1152 (@pxref{Faces}): | |
1153 | |
1154 @table @code | |
1155 @item @var{face}.attributeFont | |
1156 Font for face @var{face}. | |
1157 @item @var{face}.attributeForeground | |
1158 Foreground color for face @var{face}. | |
1159 @item @var{face}.attributeBackground | |
1160 Background color for face @var{face}. | |
1161 @item @var{face}.attributeUnderline | |
1162 Underline flag for face @var{face}. Use @samp{on} or @samp{true} for | |
1163 yes. | |
1164 @end table | |
1165 | |
1166 @node Lucid Resources | |
1167 @section Lucid Menu X Resources | |
1168 @cindex Menu X Resources (Lucid widgets) | |
1169 @cindex Lucid Widget X Resources | |
1170 | |
1171 If the Emacs installed at your site was built to use the X toolkit | |
1172 with the Lucid menu widgets, then the menu bar is a separate widget and | |
1173 has its own resources. The resource names contain @samp{pane.menubar} | |
1174 (following, as always, the name of the Emacs invocation or @samp{Emacs} | |
1175 which stands for all Emacs invocations). Specify them like this: | |
1176 | |
1177 @example | |
1178 Emacs.pane.menubar.@var{resource}: @var{value} | |
1179 @end example | |
1180 | |
1181 @noindent | |
1182 For example, to specify the font @samp{8x16} for the menu-bar items, | |
1183 write this: | |
1184 | |
1185 @example | |
1186 Emacs.pane.menubar.font: 8x16 | |
1187 @end example | |
1188 | |
1189 @noindent | |
1190 Resources for @emph{non-menubar} toolkit pop-up menus have | |
1191 @samp{menu*}, in like fashion. For example, to specify the font | |
1192 @samp{8x16} for the pop-up menu items, write this: | |
1193 | |
1194 @example | |
1195 Emacs.menu*.font: 8x16 | |
1196 @end example | |
1197 | |
1198 @noindent | |
1199 For dialog boxes, use @samp{dialog} instead of @samp{menu}: | |
1200 | |
1201 @example | |
1202 Emacs.dialog*.font: 8x16 | |
1203 @end example | |
1204 | |
1205 @noindent | |
1206 Experience shows that on some systems you may need to add | |
1207 @samp{shell.}@: before the @samp{pane.menubar} or @samp{menu*}. On | |
1208 some other systems, you must not add @samp{shell.}. | |
1209 | |
1210 Here is a list of the specific resources for menu bars and pop-up menus: | |
1211 | |
1212 @table @code | |
1213 @item font | |
1214 Font for menu item text. | |
1215 @item foreground | |
1216 Color of the foreground. | |
1217 @item background | |
1218 Color of the background. | |
1219 @item buttonForeground | |
1220 In the menu bar, the color of the foreground for a selected item. | |
1221 @item horizontalSpacing | |
1222 Horizontal spacing in pixels between items. Default is 3. | |
1223 @item verticalSpacing | |
1224 Vertical spacing in pixels between items. Default is 1. | |
1225 @item arrowSpacing | |
1226 Horizontal spacing between the arrow (which indicates a submenu) and | |
1227 the associated text. Default is 10. | |
1228 @item shadowThickness | |
1229 Thickness of shadow line around the widget. | |
30923 | 1230 @item margin |
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1231 The margin of the menu bar, in characters. The default of 4 makes the |
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1232 menu bar appear like the LessTif/Motif one. |
25829 | 1233 @end table |
1234 | |
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1235 @node LessTif Resources |
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1236 @section LessTif Menu X Resources |
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1237 @cindex Menu X Resources (LessTif widgets) |
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1238 @cindex LessTif Widget X Resources |
25829 | 1239 |
1240 If the Emacs installed at your site was built to use the X toolkit | |
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1241 with the LessTif or Motif widgets, then the menu bar is a separate |
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1242 widget and has its own resources. The resource names contain |
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1243 @samp{pane.menubar} (following, as always, the name of the Emacs |
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1244 invocation or @samp{Emacs} which stands for all Emacs invocations). |
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1245 Specify them like this: |
25829 | 1246 |
1247 @smallexample | |
1248 Emacs.pane.menubar.@var{subwidget}.@var{resource}: @var{value} | |
1249 @end smallexample | |
1250 | |
1251 Each individual string in the menu bar is a subwidget; the subwidget's | |
1252 name is the same as the menu item string. For example, the word | |
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1253 @samp{File} in the menu bar is part of a subwidget named |
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1254 @samp{emacs.pane.menubar.File}. Most likely, you want to specify the |
25829 | 1255 same resources for the whole menu bar. To do this, use @samp{*} instead |
1256 of a specific subwidget name. For example, to specify the font | |
1257 @samp{8x16} for the menu-bar items, write this: | |
1258 | |
1259 @smallexample | |
1260 Emacs.pane.menubar.*.fontList: 8x16 | |
1261 @end smallexample | |
1262 | |
1263 @noindent | |
1264 This also specifies the resource value for submenus. | |
1265 | |
1266 Each item in a submenu in the menu bar also has its own name for X | |
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1267 resources; for example, the @samp{File} submenu has an item named |
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1268 @samp{Save (current buffer)}. A resource specification for a submenu |
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1269 item looks like this: |
25829 | 1270 |
1271 @smallexample | |
1272 Emacs.pane.menubar.popup_*.@var{menu}.@var{item}.@var{resource}: @var{value} | |
1273 @end smallexample | |
1274 | |
1275 @noindent | |
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1276 For example, here's how to specify the font for the @samp{Save (current |
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1277 buffer)} item: |
25829 | 1278 |
1279 @smallexample | |
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1280 Emacs.pane.menubar.popup_*.File.Save (current buffer).fontList: 8x16 |
25829 | 1281 @end smallexample |
1282 | |
1283 @noindent | |
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1284 For an item in a second-level submenu, such as @samp{Spell-Check Message} |
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1285 under @samp{Spell Checking} under @samp{Tools}, the resource fits this |
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1286 template: |
25829 | 1287 |
1288 @smallexample | |
1289 Emacs.pane.menubar.popup_*.popup_*.@var{menu}.@var{resource}: @var{value} | |
1290 @end smallexample | |
1291 | |
1292 @noindent | |
1293 For example, | |
1294 | |
1295 @smallexample | |
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1296 Emacs.pane.menubar.popup_*.popup_*.Spell Checking.Spell-Check Message: |
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1297 @var{value} |
25829 | 1298 @end smallexample |
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1299 |
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1300 @noindent |
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1301 (This should be one long line.) |
25829 | 1302 |
1303 It's impossible to specify a resource for all the menu-bar items | |
1304 without also specifying it for the submenus as well. So if you want the | |
1305 submenu items to look different from the menu bar itself, you must ask | |
1306 for that in two steps. First, specify the resource for all of them; | |
1307 then, override the value for submenus alone. Here is an example: | |
1308 | |
1309 @smallexample | |
1310 Emacs.pane.menubar.*.fontList: 8x16 | |
1311 Emacs.pane.menubar.popup_*.fontList: 8x16 | |
1312 @end smallexample | |
1313 | |
1314 @noindent | |
1315 For toolkit pop-up menus, use @samp{menu*} instead of | |
1316 @samp{pane.menubar}. For example, to specify the font @samp{8x16} for | |
1317 the pop-up menu items, write this: | |
1318 | |
1319 @smallexample | |
1320 Emacs.menu*.fontList: 8x16 | |
1321 @end smallexample | |
1322 | |
1323 @iftex | |
1324 @medbreak | |
1325 @end iftex | |
1326 Here is a list of the specific resources for menu bars and pop-up menus: | |
1327 | |
1328 @table @code | |
1329 @item armColor | |
1330 The color to show in an armed button. | |
1331 @item fontList | |
1332 The font to use. | |
1333 @item marginBottom | |
1334 @itemx marginHeight | |
1335 @itemx marginLeft | |
1336 @itemx marginRight | |
1337 @itemx marginTop | |
1338 @itemx marginWidth | |
1339 Amount of space to leave around the item, within the border. | |
1340 @item borderWidth | |
1341 The width of border around the menu item, on all sides. | |
1342 @item shadowThickness | |
1343 The width of the border shadow. | |
1344 @item bottomShadowColor | |
1345 The color for the border shadow, on the bottom and the right. | |
1346 @item topShadowColor | |
1347 The color for the border shadow, on the top and the left. | |
1348 @end table |