annotate lispref/elisp.texi @ 74067:31f3e5f2df5c

Bump version to 22.0.91
author Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
date Sat, 18 Nov 2006 21:45:26 +0000
parents 6b7048d2eb41
children 73ea4cc2cd07 c71725faff1a dbe3f29e61d6
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1 \input texinfo @c -*-texinfo-*-
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2 @c %**start of header
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3 @setfilename elisp
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4 @settitle GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual
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5 @c %**end of header
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6
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7 @c Version of the manual and of Emacs.
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8 @c Please remember to update the edition number in README as well.
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9 @set VERSION 2.9
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10 @set EMACSVER 22.0.91
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11
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12 @dircategory Emacs
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13 @direntry
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14 * Elisp: (elisp). The Emacs Lisp Reference Manual.
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15 @end direntry
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16
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17 @c So that anyone making the printed manual gets the version we have
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18 @c tuned to avoid bad line breaks, etc.
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19 @smallbook
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21 @c per rms and peterb, use 10pt fonts for the main text, mostly to
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22 @c save on paper cost. Also, do not declare @setchapternewpage odd,
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24 @c last-released makeinfo does not complain.
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25 @tex
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26 @fonttextsize 10
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27 \global\hbadness=6000 % don't worry about not-too-underfull boxes
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28 @end tex
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30 @c Combine indices.
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31 @synindex cp fn
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32 @syncodeindex vr fn
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33 @syncodeindex ky fn
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34 @syncodeindex pg fn
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35 @c We use the "type index" to index new functions and variables.
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36 @c @syncodeindex tp fn
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38 @copying
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39 This is edition @value{VERSION} of the GNU Emacs Lisp
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40 Reference Manual, corresponding to Emacs version @value{EMACSVER}.
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41
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42 Copyright @copyright{} 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1998,
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43 1999, 2000, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 Free Software Foundation,
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44 Inc.
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46 @quotation
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47 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
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48 under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
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49 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the
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50 Invariant Sections being ``GNU General Public License,'' with the
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51 Front-Cover texts being ``A GNU Manual,'' and with the Back-Cover
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52 Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the license is included in the
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53 section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation License.''
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55 (a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: ``You have freedom to copy and modify
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56 this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Copies published by the Free
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57 Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development.''
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58 @end quotation
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59 @end copying
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60
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61 @titlepage
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62 @title GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual
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63 @subtitle For Emacs Version @value{EMACSVER}
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64 @subtitle Revision @value{VERSION}, January 2002
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65
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66 @author by Bil Lewis, Dan LaLiberte, Richard Stallman
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67 @author and the GNU Manual Group
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68 @page
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69 @vskip 0pt plus 1filll
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70 @insertcopying
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72 @sp 1
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73 Published by the Free Software Foundation @*
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74 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor @*
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75 Boston, MA 02110-1301 @*
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76 USA @*
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77 ISBN 1-882114-74-4
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79 @sp 1
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80 Cover art by Etienne Suvasa.
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81 @end titlepage
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84 @c Print the tables of contents
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85 @summarycontents
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86 @contents
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87
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89 @ifnottex
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90 @node Top, Introduction, (dir), (dir)
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91 @top Emacs Lisp
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92
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93 This Info file contains edition @value{VERSION} of the GNU Emacs Lisp
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94 Reference Manual, corresponding to GNU Emacs version @value{EMACSVER}.
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95 @end ifnottex
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96
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97 @menu
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98 * Introduction:: Introduction and conventions used.
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99
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100 * Lisp Data Types:: Data types of objects in Emacs Lisp.
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101 * Numbers:: Numbers and arithmetic functions.
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102 * Strings and Characters:: Strings, and functions that work on them.
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103 * Lists:: Lists, cons cells, and related functions.
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104 * Sequences Arrays Vectors:: Lists, strings and vectors are called sequences.
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105 Certain functions act on any kind of sequence.
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106 The description of vectors is here as well.
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107 * Hash Tables:: Very fast lookup-tables.
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108 * Symbols:: Symbols represent names, uniquely.
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109
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110 * Evaluation:: How Lisp expressions are evaluated.
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111 * Control Structures:: Conditionals, loops, nonlocal exits.
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112 * Variables:: Using symbols in programs to stand for values.
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113 * Functions:: A function is a Lisp program
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114 that can be invoked from other functions.
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115 * Macros:: Macros are a way to extend the Lisp language.
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116 * Customization:: Writing customization declarations.
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117
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118 * Loading:: Reading files of Lisp code into Lisp.
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119 * Byte Compilation:: Compilation makes programs run faster.
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120 * Advising Functions:: Adding to the definition of a function.
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121 * Debugging:: Tools and tips for debugging Lisp programs.
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122
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123 * Read and Print:: Converting Lisp objects to text and back.
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124 * Minibuffers:: Using the minibuffer to read input.
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125 * Command Loop:: How the editor command loop works,
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126 and how you can call its subroutines.
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127 * Keymaps:: Defining the bindings from keys to commands.
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128 * Modes:: Defining major and minor modes.
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129 * Documentation:: Writing and using documentation strings.
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130
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131 * Files:: Accessing files.
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132 * Backups and Auto-Saving:: Controlling how backups and auto-save
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133 files are made.
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134 * Buffers:: Creating and using buffer objects.
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135 * Windows:: Manipulating windows and displaying buffers.
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136 * Frames:: Making multiple system-level windows.
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137 * Positions:: Buffer positions and motion functions.
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138 * Markers:: Markers represent positions and update
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139 automatically when the text is changed.
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140
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141 * Text:: Examining and changing text in buffers.
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142 * Non-ASCII Characters:: Non-ASCII text in buffers and strings.
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143 * Searching and Matching:: Searching buffers for strings or regexps.
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144 * Syntax Tables:: The syntax table controls word and list parsing.
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145 * Abbrevs:: How Abbrev mode works, and its data structures.
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146
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147 * Processes:: Running and communicating with subprocesses.
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148 * Display:: Features for controlling the screen display.
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149 * System Interface:: Getting the user id, system type, environment
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150 variables, and other such things.
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151
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152 Appendices
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153
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154 * Antinews:: Info for users downgrading to Emacs 21.
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155 * GNU Free Documentation License:: The license for this documentation
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156 * GPL:: Conditions for copying and changing GNU Emacs.
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157 * Tips:: Advice and coding conventions for Emacs Lisp.
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158 * GNU Emacs Internals:: Building and dumping Emacs;
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159 internal data structures.
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160 * Standard Errors:: List of all error symbols.
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161 * Standard Buffer-Local Variables::
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162 List of variables buffer-local in all buffers.
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163 * Standard Keymaps:: List of standard keymaps.
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164 * Standard Hooks:: List of standard hook variables.
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165
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166 * Index:: Index including concepts, functions, variables,
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167 and other terms.
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168
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169 @ignore
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170 * New Symbols:: New functions and variables in Emacs @value{EMACSVER}.
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171 @end ignore
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172
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173 Detailed Node Listing
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174 ---------------------
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175
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176 Here are other nodes that are inferiors of those already listed,
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177 mentioned here so you can get to them in one step:
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178
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179 Introduction
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180
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181 * Caveats:: Flaws and a request for help.
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182 * Lisp History:: Emacs Lisp is descended from Maclisp.
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183 * Conventions:: How the manual is formatted.
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184 * Version Info:: Which Emacs version is running?
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185 * Acknowledgements:: The authors, editors, and sponsors of this manual.
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186
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187 Conventions
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188
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189 * Some Terms:: Explanation of terms we use in this manual.
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190 * nil and t:: How the symbols @code{nil} and @code{t} are used.
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191 * Evaluation Notation:: The format we use for examples of evaluation.
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192 * Printing Notation:: The format we use for examples that print output.
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193 * Error Messages:: The format we use for examples of errors.
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194 * Buffer Text Notation:: The format we use for buffer contents in examples.
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195 * Format of Descriptions:: Notation for describing functions, variables, etc.
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196
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197 Format of Descriptions
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198
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199 * A Sample Function Description::
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200 * A Sample Variable Description::
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201
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202 Lisp Data Types
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203
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204 * Printed Representation:: How Lisp objects are represented as text.
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205 * Comments:: Comments and their formatting conventions.
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206 * Programming Types:: Types found in all Lisp systems.
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207 * Editing Types:: Types specific to Emacs.
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208 * Circular Objects:: Read syntax for circular structure.
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209 * Type Predicates:: Tests related to types.
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210 * Equality Predicates:: Tests of equality between any two objects.
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211
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212 Programming Types
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213
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214 * Integer Type:: Numbers without fractional parts.
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215 * Floating Point Type:: Numbers with fractional parts and with a large range.
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216 * Character Type:: The representation of letters, numbers and
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217 control characters.
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218 * Symbol Type:: A multi-use object that refers to a function,
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219 variable, property list, or itself.
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220 * Sequence Type:: Both lists and arrays are classified as sequences.
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221 * Cons Cell Type:: Cons cells, and lists (which are made from cons cells).
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222 * Array Type:: Arrays include strings and vectors.
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223 * String Type:: An (efficient) array of characters.
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224 * Vector Type:: One-dimensional arrays.
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225 * Char-Table Type:: One-dimensional sparse arrays indexed by characters.
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226 * Bool-Vector Type:: One-dimensional arrays of @code{t} or @code{nil}.
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227 * Hash Table Type:: Super-fast lookup tables.
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228 * Function Type:: A piece of executable code you can call from elsewhere.
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229 * Macro Type:: A method of expanding an expression into another
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230 expression, more fundamental but less pretty.
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231 * Primitive Function Type:: A function written in C, callable from Lisp.
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232 * Byte-Code Type:: A function written in Lisp, then compiled.
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233 * Autoload Type:: A type used for automatically loading seldom-used
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234 functions.
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235
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236 Cons Cell and List Types
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237
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238 * Box Diagrams:: Drawing pictures of lists.
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239 * Dotted Pair Notation:: An alternative syntax for lists.
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240 * Association List Type:: A specially constructed list.
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241
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242 Editing Types
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243
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244 * Buffer Type:: The basic object of editing.
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245 * Marker Type:: A position in a buffer.
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246 * Window Type:: What makes buffers visible.
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247 * Frame Type:: Windows subdivide frames.
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248 * Window Configuration Type::Save what the screen looks like.
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249 * Frame Configuration Type::Recording the status of all frames.
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250 * Process Type:: A process running on the underlying OS.
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251 * Stream Type:: Receive or send characters.
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252 * Keymap Type:: What function a keystroke invokes.
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253 * Overlay Type:: How an overlay is represented.
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254
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255 Numbers
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256
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257 * Integer Basics:: Representation and range of integers.
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258 * Float Basics:: Representation and range of floating point.
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259 * Predicates on Numbers:: Testing for numbers.
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260 * Comparison of Numbers:: Equality and inequality predicates.
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261 * Numeric Conversions:: Converting float to integer and vice versa.
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262 * Arithmetic Operations:: How to add, subtract, multiply and divide.
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263 * Rounding Operations:: Explicitly rounding floating point numbers.
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264 * Bitwise Operations:: Logical and, or, not, shifting.
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265 * Math Functions:: Trig, exponential and logarithmic functions.
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266 * Random Numbers:: Obtaining random integers, predictable or not.
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267
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268 Strings and Characters
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269
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270 * String Basics:: Basic properties of strings and characters.
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271 * Predicates for Strings:: Testing whether an object is a string or char.
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272 * Creating Strings:: Functions to allocate new strings.
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273 * Modifying Strings:: Altering the contents of an existing string.
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274 * Text Comparison:: Comparing characters or strings.
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275 * String Conversion:: Converting characters or strings and vice versa.
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276 * Formatting Strings:: @code{format}: Emacs's analogue of @code{printf}.
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277 * Case Conversion:: Case conversion functions.
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278 * Case Tables:: Customizing case conversion.
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279
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280 Lists
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281
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282 * Cons Cells:: How lists are made out of cons cells.
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283 * List-related Predicates:: Is this object a list? Comparing two lists.
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284 * List Elements:: Extracting the pieces of a list.
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285 * Building Lists:: Creating list structure.
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286 * Modifying Lists:: Storing new pieces into an existing list.
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287 * Sets And Lists:: A list can represent a finite mathematical set.
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288 * Association Lists:: A list can represent a finite relation or mapping.
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289 * Rings:: Managing a fixed-size ring of objects.
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290
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291 Modifying Existing List Structure
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292
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293 * Setcar:: Replacing an element in a list.
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294 * Setcdr:: Replacing part of the list backbone.
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295 This can be used to remove or add elements.
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296 * Rearrangement:: Reordering the elements in a list; combining lists.
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297
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298 Sequences, Arrays, and Vectors
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299
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300 * Sequence Functions:: Functions that accept any kind of sequence.
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301 * Arrays:: Characteristics of arrays in Emacs Lisp.
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302 * Array Functions:: Functions specifically for arrays.
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303 * Vectors:: Functions specifically for vectors.
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304 * Vector Functions:: Functions specifically for vectors.
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305 * Char-Tables:: How to work with char-tables.
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306 * Bool-Vectors:: How to work with bool-vectors.
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307
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308 Hash Tables
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309
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310 * Creating Hash:: Functions to create hash tables.
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311 * Hash Access:: Reading and writing the hash table contents.
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312 * Defining Hash:: Defining new comparison methods
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313 * Other Hash:: Miscellaneous.
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314
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315 Symbols
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316
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317 * Symbol Components:: Symbols have names, values, function definitions
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318 and property lists.
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319 * Definitions:: A definition says how a symbol will be used.
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320 * Creating Symbols:: How symbols are kept unique.
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321 * Property Lists:: Each symbol has a property list
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322 for recording miscellaneous information.
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323
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324 Evaluation
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325
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326 * Intro Eval:: Evaluation in the scheme of things.
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327 * Forms:: How various sorts of objects are evaluated.
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328 * Quoting:: Avoiding evaluation (to put constants in
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329 the program).
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330 * Eval:: How to invoke the Lisp interpreter explicitly.
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331
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332 Kinds of Forms
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333
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334 * Self-Evaluating Forms:: Forms that evaluate to themselves.
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335 * Symbol Forms:: Symbols evaluate as variables.
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336 * Classifying Lists:: How to distinguish various sorts of list forms.
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337 * Function Indirection:: When a symbol appears as the car of a list,
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338 we find the real function via the symbol.
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339 * Function Forms:: Forms that call functions.
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340 * Macro Forms:: Forms that call macros.
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341 * Special Forms:: "Special forms" are idiosyncratic primitives,
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342 most of them extremely important.
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343 * Autoloading:: Functions set up to load files
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344 containing their real definitions.
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345
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346 Control Structures
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347
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348 * Sequencing:: Evaluation in textual order.
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349 * Conditionals:: @code{if}, @code{cond}, @code{when}, @code{unless}.
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350 * Combining Conditions:: @code{and}, @code{or}, @code{not}.
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351 * Iteration:: @code{while} loops.
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352 * Nonlocal Exits:: Jumping out of a sequence.
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353
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354 Nonlocal Exits
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355
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356 * Catch and Throw:: Nonlocal exits for the program's own purposes.
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357 * Examples of Catch:: Showing how such nonlocal exits can be written.
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358 * Errors:: How errors are signaled and handled.
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359 * Cleanups:: Arranging to run a cleanup form if an
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360 error happens.
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361
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362 Errors
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363
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364 * Signaling Errors:: How to report an error.
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365 * Processing of Errors:: What Emacs does when you report an error.
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366 * Handling Errors:: How you can trap errors and continue execution.
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367 * Error Symbols:: How errors are classified for trapping them.
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368
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369 Variables
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370
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371 * Global Variables:: Variable values that exist permanently, everywhere.
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372 * Constant Variables:: Certain "variables" have values that never change.
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373 * Local Variables:: Variable values that exist only temporarily.
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374 * Void Variables:: Symbols that lack values.
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375 * Defining Variables:: A definition says a symbol is used as a variable.
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376 * Tips for Defining:: Things you should think about when you
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377 define a variable.
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378 * Accessing Variables:: Examining values of variables whose names
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379 are known only at run time.
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380 * Setting Variables:: Storing new values in variables.
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381 * Variable Scoping:: How Lisp chooses among local and global values.
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382 * Buffer-Local Variables:: Variable values in effect only in one buffer.
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383 * Frame-Local Variables:: Variable values in effect only in one frame.
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384 * Future Local Variables:: New kinds of local values we might add some day.
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385 * File Local Variables:: Handling local variable lists in files.
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386 * Variable Aliases:: Variables that are aliases for other variables.
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387 * Variables with Restricted Values:: Non-constant variables whose value can
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388 @emph{not} be an arbitrary Lisp object.
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389
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390 Scoping Rules for Variable Bindings
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391
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392 * Scope:: Scope means where in the program a value
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393 is visible. Comparison with other languages.
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394 * Extent:: Extent means how long in time a value exists.
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395 * Impl of Scope:: Two ways to implement dynamic scoping.
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396 * Using Scoping:: How to use dynamic scoping carefully and
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397 avoid problems.
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398
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399 Buffer-Local Variables
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400
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401 * Intro to Buffer-Local:: Introduction and concepts.
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402 * Creating Buffer-Local:: Creating and destroying buffer-local bindings.
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403 * Default Value:: The default value is seen in buffers
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404 that don't have their own buffer-local values.
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405
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406 Functions
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407
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408 * What Is a Function:: Lisp functions vs primitives; terminology.
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409 * Lambda Expressions:: How functions are expressed as Lisp objects.
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410 * Function Names:: A symbol can serve as the name of a function.
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411 * Defining Functions:: Lisp expressions for defining functions.
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412 * Calling Functions:: How to use an existing function.
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413 * Mapping Functions:: Applying a function to each element of a list, etc.
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414 * Anonymous Functions:: Lambda-expressions are functions with no names.
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415 * Function Cells:: Accessing or setting the function definition
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416 of a symbol.
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417 * Obsolete Functions:: Declaring functions obsolete.
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418 * Inline Functions:: Defining functions that the compiler will open code.
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419 * Function Safety:: Determining whether a function is safe to call.
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420 * Related Topics:: Cross-references to specific Lisp primitives
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421 that have a special bearing on how
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422 functions work.
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423
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424 Lambda Expressions
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425
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426 * Lambda Components:: The parts of a lambda expression.
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427 * Simple Lambda:: A simple example.
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428 * Argument List:: Details and special features of argument lists.
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429 * Function Documentation:: How to put documentation in a function.
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430
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431 Macros
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432
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433 * Simple Macro:: A basic example.
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434 * Expansion:: How, when and why macros are expanded.
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435 * Compiling Macros:: How macros are expanded by the compiler.
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436 * Defining Macros:: How to write a macro definition.
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437 * Backquote:: Easier construction of list structure.
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438 * Problems with Macros:: Don't evaluate the macro arguments too many times.
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439 Don't hide the user's variables.
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440 * Indenting Macros:: Specifying how to indent macro calls.
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441
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442 Writing Customization Definitions
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443
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444 * Common Keywords:: Common keyword arguments for all kinds of
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445 customization declarations.
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446 * Group Definitions:: Writing customization group definitions.
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447 * Variable Definitions:: Declaring user options.
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448 * Customization Types:: Specifying the type of a user option.
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449
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450 Loading
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451
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452 * How Programs Do Loading:: The @code{load} function and others.
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453 * Load Suffixes:: Details about the suffixes that @code{load} tries.
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454 * Library Search:: Finding a library to load.
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455 * Loading Non-ASCII:: Non-@acronym{ASCII} characters in Emacs Lisp files.
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456 * Autoload:: Setting up a function to autoload.
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457 * Repeated Loading:: Precautions about loading a file twice.
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458 * Named Features:: Loading a library if it isn't already loaded.
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459 * Where Defined:: Finding which file defined a certain symbol.
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460 * Unloading:: How to "unload" a library that was loaded.
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461 * Hooks for Loading:: Providing code to be run when
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462 particular libraries are loaded.
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463
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464 Byte Compilation
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465
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466 * Speed of Byte-Code:: An example of speedup from byte compilation.
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467 * Compilation Functions:: Byte compilation functions.
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468 * Docs and Compilation:: Dynamic loading of documentation strings.
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469 * Dynamic Loading:: Dynamic loading of individual functions.
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470 * Eval During Compile:: Code to be evaluated when you compile.
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471 * Compiler Errors:: Handling compiler error messages.
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472 * Byte-Code Objects:: The data type used for byte-compiled functions.
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473 * Disassembly:: Disassembling byte-code; how to read byte-code.
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474
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475 Advising Emacs Lisp Functions
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476
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477 * Simple Advice:: A simple example to explain the basics of advice.
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478 * Defining Advice:: Detailed description of @code{defadvice}.
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479 * Around-Advice:: Wrapping advice around a function's definition.
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480 * Computed Advice:: ...is to @code{defadvice} as @code{fset} is to @code{defun}.
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481 * Activation of Advice:: Advice doesn't do anything until you activate it.
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482 * Enabling Advice:: You can enable or disable each piece of advice.
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483 * Preactivation:: Preactivation is a way of speeding up the
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484 loading of compiled advice.
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485 * Argument Access in Advice:: How advice can access the function's arguments.
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486 * Advising Primitives:: Accessing arguments when advising a primitive.
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487 * Combined Definition:: How advice is implemented.
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488
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489 Debugging Lisp Programs
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490
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491 * Debugger:: How the Emacs Lisp debugger is implemented.
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492 * Edebug:: A source-level Emacs Lisp debugger.
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493 * Syntax Errors:: How to find syntax errors.
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494 * Test Coverage:: Ensuring you have tested all branches in your code.
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495 * Compilation Errors:: How to find errors that show up in
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496 byte compilation.
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497
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498 The Lisp Debugger
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499
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500 * Error Debugging:: Entering the debugger when an error happens.
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501 * Infinite Loops:: Stopping and debugging a program that doesn't exit.
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502 * Function Debugging:: Entering it when a certain function is called.
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503 * Explicit Debug:: Entering it at a certain point in the program.
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504 * Using Debugger:: What the debugger does; what you see while in it.
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505 * Debugger Commands:: Commands used while in the debugger.
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506 * Invoking the Debugger:: How to call the function @code{debug}.
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507 * Internals of Debugger:: Subroutines of the debugger, and global variables.
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508
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509 Edebug
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510
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511 * Using Edebug:: Introduction to use of Edebug.
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512 * Instrumenting:: You must instrument your code
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513 in order to debug it with Edebug.
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514 * Edebug Execution Modes:: Execution modes, stopping more or less often.
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515 * Jumping:: Commands to jump to a specified place.
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516 * Edebug Misc:: Miscellaneous commands.
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517 * Breaks:: Setting breakpoints to make the program stop.
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518 * Trapping Errors:: Trapping errors with Edebug.
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519 * Edebug Views:: Views inside and outside of Edebug.
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520 * Edebug Eval:: Evaluating expressions within Edebug.
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521 * Eval List:: Expressions whose values are displayed
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522 each time you enter Edebug.
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523 * Printing in Edebug:: Customization of printing.
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524 * Trace Buffer:: How to produce trace output in a buffer.
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525 * Coverage Testing:: How to test evaluation coverage.
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526 * The Outside Context:: Data that Edebug saves and restores.
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527 * Edebug and Macros:: Specifying how to handle macro calls.
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528 * Edebug Options:: Option variables for customizing Edebug.
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529
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530 Debugging Invalid Lisp Syntax
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531
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532 * Excess Open:: How to find a spurious open paren or missing close.
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533 * Excess Close:: How to find a spurious close paren or missing open.
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534
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535 Reading and Printing Lisp Objects
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536
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537 * Streams Intro:: Overview of streams, reading and printing.
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538 * Input Streams:: Various data types that can be used as
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diff changeset
539 input streams.
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540 * Input Functions:: Functions to read Lisp objects from text.
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541 * Output Streams:: Various data types that can be used as
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542 output streams.
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543 * Output Functions:: Functions to print Lisp objects as text.
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544 * Output Variables:: Variables that control what the printing
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545 functions do.
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546
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547 Minibuffers
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548
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549 * Intro to Minibuffers:: Basic information about minibuffers.
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550 * Text from Minibuffer:: How to read a straight text string.
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551 * Object from Minibuffer:: How to read a Lisp object or expression.
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552 * Minibuffer History:: Recording previous minibuffer inputs
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553 so the user can reuse them.
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554 * Initial Input:: Specifying initial contents for the minibuffer.
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555 * Completion:: How to invoke and customize completion.
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556 * Yes-or-No Queries:: Asking a question with a simple answer.
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557 * Multiple Queries:: Asking a series of similar questions.
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558 * Reading a Password:: Reading a password from the terminal.
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559 * Minibuffer Commands:: Commands used as key bindings in minibuffers.
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560 * Minibuffer Contents:: How such commands access the minibuffer text.
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561 * Minibuffer Windows:: Operating on the special minibuffer windows.
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562 * Recursive Mini:: Whether recursive entry to minibuffer is allowed.
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563 * Minibuffer Misc:: Various customization hooks and variables.
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564
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565 Completion
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566
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567 * Basic Completion:: Low-level functions for completing strings.
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568 (These are too low level to use the minibuffer.)
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569 * Minibuffer Completion:: Invoking the minibuffer with completion.
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570 * Completion Commands:: Minibuffer commands that do completion.
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571 * High-Level Completion:: Convenient special cases of completion
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572 (reading buffer name, file name, etc.)
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573 * Reading File Names:: Using completion to read file names.
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574 * Programmed Completion:: Finding the completions for a given file name.
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575
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576 Command Loop
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577
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578 * Command Overview:: How the command loop reads commands.
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579 * Defining Commands:: Specifying how a function should read arguments.
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580 * Interactive Call:: Calling a command, so that it will read arguments.
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581 * Command Loop Info:: Variables set by the command loop for you to examine.
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582 * Adjusting Point:: Adjustment of point after a command.
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583 * Input Events:: What input looks like when you read it.
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584 * Reading Input:: How to read input events from the keyboard or mouse.
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585 * Special Events:: Events processed immediately and individually.
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586 * Waiting:: Waiting for user input or elapsed time.
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587 * Quitting:: How @kbd{C-g} works. How to catch or defer quitting.
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588 * Prefix Command Arguments:: How the commands to set prefix args work.
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589 * Recursive Editing:: Entering a recursive edit,
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590 and why you usually shouldn't.
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591 * Disabling Commands:: How the command loop handles disabled commands.
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592 * Command History:: How the command history is set up, and how accessed.
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593 * Keyboard Macros:: How keyboard macros are implemented.
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594
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595 Defining Commands
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596
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597 * Using Interactive:: General rules for @code{interactive}.
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598 * Interactive Codes:: The standard letter-codes for reading arguments
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599 in various ways.
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600 * Interactive Examples:: Examples of how to read interactive arguments.
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601
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602 Keymaps
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603
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604 * Key Sequences:: Key sequences as Lisp objects.
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605 * Keymap Basics:: Basic concepts of keymaps.
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606 * Format of Keymaps:: What a keymap looks like as a Lisp object.
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parents:
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607 * Creating Keymaps:: Functions to create and copy keymaps.
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parents:
diff changeset
608 * Inheritance and Keymaps:: How one keymap can inherit the bindings
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parents:
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609 of another keymap.
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parents:
diff changeset
610 * Prefix Keys:: Defining a key with a keymap as its definition.
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parents:
diff changeset
611 * Active Keymaps:: Each buffer has a local keymap
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parents:
diff changeset
612 to override the standard (global) bindings.
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parents: 25751
diff changeset
613 Each minor mode can also override them.
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parents:
diff changeset
614 * Key Lookup:: How extracting elements from keymaps works.
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parents:
diff changeset
615 * Functions for Key Lookup:: How to request key lookup.
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parents:
diff changeset
616 * Changing Key Bindings:: Redefining a key in a keymap.
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parents: 73506
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617 * Remapping Commands:: A keymap can translate one command to another.
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parents:
diff changeset
618 * Key Binding Commands:: Interactive interfaces for redefining keys.
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parents:
diff changeset
619 * Scanning Keymaps:: Looking through all keymaps, for printing help.
62244
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parents: 62225
diff changeset
620 * Menu Keymaps:: A keymap can define a menu for X
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
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parents: 62225
diff changeset
621 or for use from the terminal.
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622
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parents:
diff changeset
623 Major and Minor Modes
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parents:
diff changeset
624
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Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 62244
diff changeset
625 * Hooks:: How to use hooks; how to write code that
2f43def6e036 (Top): Update detailed menu for node changes.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 62244
diff changeset
626 provides hooks.
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diff changeset
627 * Major Modes:: Defining major modes.
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parents:
diff changeset
628 * Minor Modes:: Defining minor modes.
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parents:
diff changeset
629 * Mode Line Format:: Customizing the text that appears in the mode line.
62225
36f1bfc37efb (Top): Add some nodes from the chapter "Major and Minor Modes" to the
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 60997
diff changeset
630 * Imenu:: How a mode can provide a menu
36f1bfc37efb (Top): Add some nodes from the chapter "Major and Minor Modes" to the
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 60997
diff changeset
631 of definitions in the buffer.
36f1bfc37efb (Top): Add some nodes from the chapter "Major and Minor Modes" to the
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 60997
diff changeset
632 * Font Lock Mode:: How modes can highlight text according to syntax.
36f1bfc37efb (Top): Add some nodes from the chapter "Major and Minor Modes" to the
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 60997
diff changeset
633 * Desktop Save Mode:: How modes can have buffer state saved between
36f1bfc37efb (Top): Add some nodes from the chapter "Major and Minor Modes" to the
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 60997
diff changeset
634 Emacs sessions.
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diff changeset
635
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parents:
diff changeset
636 Major Modes
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parents:
diff changeset
637
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diff changeset
638 * Major Mode Basics::
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diff changeset
639 * Major Mode Conventions:: Coding conventions for keymaps, etc.
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parents:
diff changeset
640 * Example Major Modes:: Text mode and Lisp modes.
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parents:
diff changeset
641 * Auto Major Mode:: How Emacs chooses the major mode automatically.
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parents:
diff changeset
642 * Mode Help:: Finding out how to use a mode.
62225
36f1bfc37efb (Top): Add some nodes from the chapter "Major and Minor Modes" to the
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parents: 60997
diff changeset
643 * Derived Modes:: Defining a new major mode based on another major
36f1bfc37efb (Top): Add some nodes from the chapter "Major and Minor Modes" to the
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 60997
diff changeset
644 mode.
36f1bfc37efb (Top): Add some nodes from the chapter "Major and Minor Modes" to the
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 60997
diff changeset
645 * Generic Modes:: Defining a simple major mode that supports
36f1bfc37efb (Top): Add some nodes from the chapter "Major and Minor Modes" to the
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 60997
diff changeset
646 comment syntax and Font Lock mode.
36f1bfc37efb (Top): Add some nodes from the chapter "Major and Minor Modes" to the
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 60997
diff changeset
647 * Mode Hooks:: Hooks run at the end of major mode functions.
6451
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parents:
diff changeset
648
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parents:
diff changeset
649 Minor Modes
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parents:
diff changeset
650
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parents:
diff changeset
651 * Minor Mode Conventions:: Tips for writing a minor mode.
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parents:
diff changeset
652 * Keymaps and Minor Modes:: How a minor mode can have its own keymap.
62225
36f1bfc37efb (Top): Add some nodes from the chapter "Major and Minor Modes" to the
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 60997
diff changeset
653 * Defining Minor Modes:: A convenient facility for defining minor modes.
6451
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
654
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parents:
diff changeset
655 Mode Line Format
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parents:
diff changeset
656
62352
2f43def6e036 (Top): Update detailed menu for node changes.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 62244
diff changeset
657 * Mode Line Basics::
6451
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
658 * Mode Line Data:: The data structure that controls the mode line.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
659 * Mode Line Variables:: Variables used in that data structure.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
660 * %-Constructs:: Putting information into a mode line.
62225
36f1bfc37efb (Top): Add some nodes from the chapter "Major and Minor Modes" to the
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 60997
diff changeset
661 * Properties in Mode:: Using text properties in the mode line.
36f1bfc37efb (Top): Add some nodes from the chapter "Major and Minor Modes" to the
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 60997
diff changeset
662 * Header Lines:: Like a mode line, but at the top.
36f1bfc37efb (Top): Add some nodes from the chapter "Major and Minor Modes" to the
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 60997
diff changeset
663 * Emulating Mode Line:: Formatting text as the mode line would.
6451
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
664
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
665 Documentation
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
666
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
667 * Documentation Basics:: Good style for doc strings.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
668 Where to put them. How Emacs stores them.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
669 * Accessing Documentation:: How Lisp programs can access doc strings.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
670 * Keys in Documentation:: Substituting current key bindings.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
671 * Describing Characters:: Making printable descriptions of
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
672 non-printing characters and key sequences.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
673 * Help Functions:: Subroutines used by Emacs help facilities.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
674
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
675 Files
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
676
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
677 * Visiting Files:: Reading files into Emacs buffers for editing.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
678 * Saving Buffers:: Writing changed buffers back into files.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
679 * Reading from Files:: Reading files into other buffers.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
680 * Writing to Files:: Writing new files from parts of buffers.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
681 * File Locks:: Locking and unlocking files, to prevent
62244
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
682 simultaneous editing by two people.
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
683 * Information about Files:: Testing existence, accessibility, size of files.
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17279
diff changeset
684 * Changing Files:: Renaming files, changing protection, etc.
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17279
diff changeset
685 * File Names:: Decomposing and expanding file names.
62244
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
686 * Contents of Directories:: Getting a list of the files in a directory.
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
687 * Create/Delete Dirs:: Creating and Deleting Directories.
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
688 * Magic File Names:: Defining "magic" special handling
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
689 for certain file names.
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
690 * Format Conversion:: Conversion to and from various file formats.
6451
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
691
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
692 Visiting Files
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
693
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
694 * Visiting Functions:: The usual interface functions for visiting.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
695 * Subroutines of Visiting:: Lower-level subroutines that they use.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
696
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
697 Information about Files
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
698
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
699 * Testing Accessibility:: Is a given file readable? Writable?
62244
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
700 * Kinds of Files:: Is it a directory? A symbolic link?
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
701 * Truenames:: Eliminating symbolic links from a file name.
6451
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
702 * File Attributes:: How large is it? Any other names? Etc.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
703
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
704 File Names
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
705
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
706 * File Name Components:: The directory part of a file name, and the rest.
62244
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
707 * Relative File Names:: Some file names are relative to a
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
708 current directory.
6451
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
709 * Directory Names:: A directory's name as a directory
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
710 is different from its name as a file.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
711 * File Name Expansion:: Converting relative file names to absolute ones.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
712 * Unique File Names:: Generating names for temporary files.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
713 * File Name Completion:: Finding the completions for a given file name.
62244
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
714 * Standard File Names:: If your package uses a fixed file name,
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
715 how to handle various operating systems simply.
6451
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
716
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
717 Backups and Auto-Saving
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
718
49600
23a1cea22d13 Trailing whitespace deleted.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 44210
diff changeset
719 * Backup Files:: How backup files are made; how their names
6451
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
720 are chosen.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
721 * Auto-Saving:: How auto-save files are made; how their
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
722 names are chosen.
49600
23a1cea22d13 Trailing whitespace deleted.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 44210
diff changeset
723 * Reverting:: @code{revert-buffer}, and how to customize
6451
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
724 what it does.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
725
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
726 Backup Files
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
727
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
728 * Making Backups:: How Emacs makes backup files, and when.
49600
23a1cea22d13 Trailing whitespace deleted.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 44210
diff changeset
729 * Rename or Copy:: Two alternatives: renaming the old file
6451
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
730 or copying it.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
731 * Numbered Backups:: Keeping multiple backups for each source file.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
732 * Backup Names:: How backup file names are computed; customization.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
733
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
734 Buffers
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
735
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
736 * Buffer Basics:: What is a buffer?
62244
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
737 * Current Buffer:: Designating a buffer as current
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
738 so primitives will access its contents.
6451
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parents:
diff changeset
739 * Buffer Names:: Accessing and changing buffer names.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
740 * Buffer File Name:: The buffer file name indicates which file
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
741 is visited.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
742 * Buffer Modification:: A buffer is @dfn{modified} if it needs to be saved.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
743 * Modification Time:: Determining whether the visited file was changed
71956
1caee6e0cbe1 Put period and comma inside quotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 71747
diff changeset
744 "behind Emacs's back".
6451
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parents:
diff changeset
745 * Read Only Buffers:: Modifying text is not allowed in a
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
746 read-only buffer.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
747 * The Buffer List:: How to look at all the existing buffers.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
748 * Creating Buffers:: Functions that create buffers.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
749 * Killing Buffers:: Buffers exist until explicitly killed.
62244
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
750 * Indirect Buffers:: An indirect buffer shares text with some
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
751 other buffer.
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
752 * Buffer Gap:: The gap in the buffer.
6451
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parents:
diff changeset
753
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
754 Windows
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
755
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
756 * Basic Windows:: Basic information on using windows.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
757 * Splitting Windows:: Splitting one window into two windows.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
758 * Deleting Windows:: Deleting a window gives its space to other windows.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
759 * Selecting Windows:: The selected window is the one that you edit in.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
760 * Cyclic Window Ordering:: Moving around the existing windows.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
761 * Buffers and Windows:: Each window displays the contents of a buffer.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
762 * Displaying Buffers:: Higher-lever functions for displaying a buffer
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
763 and choosing a window for it.
62244
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
764 * Choosing Window:: How to choose a window for displaying a buffer.
6451
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
765 * Window Point:: Each window has its own location of point.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
766 * Window Start:: The display-start position controls which text
49600
23a1cea22d13 Trailing whitespace deleted.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 44210
diff changeset
767 is on-screen in the window.
62244
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
768 * Textual Scrolling:: Moving text up and down through the window.
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
769 * Vertical Scrolling:: Moving the contents up and down on the window.
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
770 * Horizontal Scrolling:: Moving the contents sideways on the window.
6451
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parents:
diff changeset
771 * Size of Window:: Accessing the size of a window.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
772 * Resizing Windows:: Changing the size of a window.
62244
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
773 * Coordinates and Windows:: Converting coordinates to windows.
6451
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parents:
diff changeset
774 * Window Configurations:: Saving and restoring the state of the screen.
62244
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
775 * Window Hooks:: Hooks for scrolling, window size changes,
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
776 redisplay going past a certain point,
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
777 or window configuration changes.
6451
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parents:
diff changeset
778
12098
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Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
779 Frames
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
780
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
781 * Creating Frames:: Creating additional frames.
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
782 * Multiple Displays:: Creating frames on other X displays.
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
783 * Frame Parameters:: Controlling frame size, position, font, etc.
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
784 * Frame Titles:: Automatic updating of frame titles.
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
785 * Deleting Frames:: Frames last until explicitly deleted.
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
786 * Finding All Frames:: How to examine all existing frames.
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
787 * Frames and Windows:: A frame contains windows;
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
788 display of text always works through windows.
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
789 * Minibuffers and Frames:: How a frame finds the minibuffer to use.
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
790 * Input Focus:: Specifying the selected frame.
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
791 * Visibility of Frames:: Frames may be visible or invisible, or icons.
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
792 * Raising and Lowering:: Raising a frame makes it hide other X windows;
22252
40089afa2b1d *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 22138
diff changeset
793 lowering it puts it underneath the others.
12098
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
794 * Frame Configurations:: Saving the state of all frames.
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
795 * Mouse Tracking:: Getting events that say when the mouse moves.
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
796 * Mouse Position:: Asking where the mouse is, or moving it.
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
797 * Pop-Up Menus:: Displaying a menu for the user to select from.
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
798 * Dialog Boxes:: Displaying a box to ask yes or no.
70845
c71516b9b014 (Top): Update subnode menus.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 69681
diff changeset
799 * Pointer Shape:: Specifying the shape of the mouse pointer.
22267
dfac7398266b *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 22252
diff changeset
800 * Window System Selections::Transferring text to and from other windows.
12098
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
801 * Color Names:: Getting the definitions of color names.
62244
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
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parents: 62225
diff changeset
802 * Text Terminal Colors:: Defining colors for text-only terminals.
12098
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Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
803 * Resources:: Getting resource values from the server.
27476
e732cf6d8d12 Fix entry in main menu.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 27193
diff changeset
804 * Display Feature Testing:: Determining the features of a terminal.
12098
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
805
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parents:
diff changeset
806 Positions
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parents:
diff changeset
807
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
808 * Point:: The special position where editing takes place.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
809 * Motion:: Changing point.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
810 * Excursions:: Temporary motion and buffer changes.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
811 * Narrowing:: Restricting editing to a portion of the buffer.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
812
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
813 Motion
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parents:
diff changeset
814
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
815 * Character Motion:: Moving in terms of characters.
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parents:
diff changeset
816 * Word Motion:: Moving in terms of words.
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parents:
diff changeset
817 * Buffer End Motion:: Moving to the beginning or end of the buffer.
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parents:
diff changeset
818 * Text Lines:: Moving in terms of lines of text.
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parents:
diff changeset
819 * Screen Lines:: Moving in terms of lines as displayed.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
820 * List Motion:: Moving by parsing lists and sexps.
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parents:
diff changeset
821 * Skipping Characters:: Skipping characters belonging to a certain set.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
822
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
823 Markers
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parents:
diff changeset
824
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
825 * Overview of Markers:: The components of a marker, and how it relocates.
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parents:
diff changeset
826 * Predicates on Markers:: Testing whether an object is a marker.
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parents:
diff changeset
827 * Creating Markers:: Making empty markers or markers at certain places.
62244
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diff changeset
828 * Information from Markers::Finding the marker's buffer or character
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
829 position.
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
830 * Marker Insertion Types:: Two ways a marker can relocate when you
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
831 insert where it points.
21007
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parents: 17279
diff changeset
832 * Moving Markers:: Moving the marker to a new buffer or position.
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diff changeset
833 * The Mark:: How "the mark" is implemented with a marker.
1caee6e0cbe1 Put period and comma inside quotes.
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parents: 71747
diff changeset
834 * The Region:: How to access "the region".
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835
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diff changeset
836 Text
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parents:
diff changeset
837
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parents:
diff changeset
838 * Near Point:: Examining text in the vicinity of point.
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parents:
diff changeset
839 * Buffer Contents:: Examining text in a general fashion.
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parents: 62225
diff changeset
840 * Comparing Text:: Comparing substrings of buffers.
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diff changeset
841 * Insertion:: Adding new text to a buffer.
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parents:
diff changeset
842 * Commands for Insertion:: User-level commands to insert text.
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parents:
diff changeset
843 * Deletion:: Removing text from a buffer.
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parents:
diff changeset
844 * User-Level Deletion:: User-level commands to delete text.
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parents:
diff changeset
845 * The Kill Ring:: Where removed text sometimes is saved for
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parents:
diff changeset
846 later use.
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parents:
diff changeset
847 * Undo:: Undoing changes to the text of a buffer.
62244
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Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
848 * Maintaining Undo:: How to enable and disable undo information.
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
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parents: 62225
diff changeset
849 How to control how much information is kept.
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diff changeset
850 * Filling:: Functions for explicit filling.
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diff changeset
851 * Margins:: How to specify margins for filling commands.
62244
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Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
852 * Adaptive Fill:: Adaptive Fill mode chooses a fill prefix
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
853 from context.
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
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parents: 62225
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854 * Auto Filling:: How auto-fill mode is implemented to break lines.
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parents:
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855 * Sorting:: Functions for sorting parts of the buffer.
62244
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parents: 62225
diff changeset
856 * Columns:: Computing horizontal positions, and using them.
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diff changeset
857 * Indentation:: Functions to insert or adjust indentation.
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parents:
diff changeset
858 * Case Changes:: Case conversion of parts of the buffer.
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parents: 12098
diff changeset
859 * Text Properties:: Assigning Lisp property lists to text characters.
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860 * Substitution:: Replacing a given character wherever it appears.
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861 * Transposition:: Swapping two portions of a buffer.
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862 * Registers:: How registers are implemented. Accessing
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parents:
diff changeset
863 the text or position stored in a register.
52193
f8d29e8eb4a7 (Top): Update subnode lists in menu.
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parents: 52157
diff changeset
864 * Base 64:: Conversion to or from base 64 encoding.
71956
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 71747
diff changeset
865 * MD5 Checksum:: Compute the MD5 "message digest"/"checksum".
1caee6e0cbe1 Put period and comma inside quotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 71747
diff changeset
866 * Atomic Changes:: Installing several buffer changes "atomically".
15725
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parents: 12098
diff changeset
867 * Change Hooks:: Supplying functions to be run when text is changed.
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parents: 44210
diff changeset
868
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diff changeset
869 The Kill Ring
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parents:
diff changeset
870
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parents:
diff changeset
871 * Kill Ring Concepts:: What text looks like in the kill ring.
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parents:
diff changeset
872 * Kill Functions:: Functions that kill text.
52193
f8d29e8eb4a7 (Top): Update subnode lists in menu.
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parents: 52157
diff changeset
873 * Yanking:: How yanking is done.
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parents:
diff changeset
874 * Yank Commands:: Commands that access the kill ring.
12067
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 7734
diff changeset
875 * Low-Level Kill Ring:: Functions and variables for kill ring access.
6451
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parents:
diff changeset
876 * Internals of Kill Ring:: Variables that hold kill-ring data.
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parents:
diff changeset
877
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parents:
diff changeset
878 Indentation
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parents:
diff changeset
879
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
880 * Primitive Indent:: Functions used to count and insert indentation.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
881 * Mode-Specific Indent:: Customize indentation for different modes.
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parents:
diff changeset
882 * Region Indent:: Indent all the lines in a region.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
883 * Relative Indent:: Indent the current line based on previous lines.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
884 * Indent Tabs:: Adjustable, typewriter-like tab stops.
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parents:
diff changeset
885 * Motion by Indent:: Move to first non-blank character.
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parents:
diff changeset
886
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diff changeset
887 Text Properties
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parents: 12098
diff changeset
888
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parents: 12098
diff changeset
889 * Examining Properties:: Looking at the properties of one character.
bf32c17c153b Changes for Emacs 19.32.
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parents: 12098
diff changeset
890 * Changing Properties:: Setting the properties of a range of text.
bf32c17c153b Changes for Emacs 19.32.
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parents: 12098
diff changeset
891 * Property Search:: Searching for where a property changes value.
bf32c17c153b Changes for Emacs 19.32.
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parents: 12098
diff changeset
892 * Special Properties:: Particular properties with special meanings.
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parents: 12098
diff changeset
893 * Format Properties:: Properties for representing formatting of text.
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parents: 12098
diff changeset
894 * Sticky Properties:: How inserted text gets properties from
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parents: 12098
diff changeset
895 neighboring text.
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parents: 12098
diff changeset
896 * Saving Properties:: Saving text properties in files, and reading
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parents: 12098
diff changeset
897 them back.
bf32c17c153b Changes for Emacs 19.32.
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parents: 12098
diff changeset
898 * Lazy Properties:: Computing text properties in a lazy fashion
bf32c17c153b Changes for Emacs 19.32.
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parents: 12098
diff changeset
899 only when text is examined.
40587
85791f717d5c Update menu for subnodes of Text Properties.
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parents: 39993
diff changeset
900 * Clickable Text:: Using text properties to make regions of text
85791f717d5c Update menu for subnodes of Text Properties.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 39993
diff changeset
901 do something when you click on them.
62244
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parents: 62225
diff changeset
902 * Links and Mouse-1:: How to make @key{Mouse-1} follow a link.
40587
85791f717d5c Update menu for subnodes of Text Properties.
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parents: 39993
diff changeset
903 * Fields:: The @code{field} property defines
85791f717d5c Update menu for subnodes of Text Properties.
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parents: 39993
diff changeset
904 fields within the buffer.
15725
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Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12098
diff changeset
905 * Not Intervals:: Why text properties do not use
bf32c17c153b Changes for Emacs 19.32.
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12098
diff changeset
906 Lisp-visible text intervals.
bf32c17c153b Changes for Emacs 19.32.
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12098
diff changeset
907
28635
cda2b6ed6aec *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 27476
diff changeset
908 Non-ASCII Characters
cda2b6ed6aec *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 27476
diff changeset
909
cda2b6ed6aec *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 27476
diff changeset
910 * Text Representations:: Unibyte and multibyte representations
cda2b6ed6aec *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 27476
diff changeset
911 * Converting Representations:: Converting unibyte to multibyte and vice versa.
cda2b6ed6aec *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 27476
diff changeset
912 * Selecting a Representation:: Treating a byte sequence as unibyte or multi.
cda2b6ed6aec *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 27476
diff changeset
913 * Character Codes:: How unibyte and multibyte relate to
cda2b6ed6aec *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 27476
diff changeset
914 codes of individual characters.
cda2b6ed6aec *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 27476
diff changeset
915 * Character Sets:: The space of possible characters codes
cda2b6ed6aec *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 27476
diff changeset
916 is divided into various character sets.
cda2b6ed6aec *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 27476
diff changeset
917 * Chars and Bytes:: More information about multibyte encodings.
cda2b6ed6aec *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 27476
diff changeset
918 * Splitting Characters:: Converting a character to its byte sequence.
cda2b6ed6aec *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 27476
diff changeset
919 * Scanning Charsets:: Which character sets are used in a buffer?
cda2b6ed6aec *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 27476
diff changeset
920 * Translation of Characters:: Translation tables are used for conversion.
cda2b6ed6aec *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 27476
diff changeset
921 * Coding Systems:: Coding systems are conversions for saving files.
cda2b6ed6aec *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 27476
diff changeset
922 * Input Methods:: Input methods allow users to enter various
40834
9552d64e0367 Fix typo.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 40587
diff changeset
923 non-ASCII characters without special keyboards.
28635
cda2b6ed6aec *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 27476
diff changeset
924 * Locales:: Interacting with the POSIX locale.
cda2b6ed6aec *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 27476
diff changeset
925
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
926 Searching and Matching
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
927
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
928 * String Search:: Search for an exact match.
65183
36922dc86799 (Top): Update subnode menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 64922
diff changeset
929 * Searching and Case:: Case-independent or case-significant searching.
6451
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
930 * Regular Expressions:: Describing classes of strings.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
931 * Regexp Search:: Searching for a match for a regexp.
62244
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
932 * POSIX Regexps:: Searching POSIX-style for the longest match.
65183
36922dc86799 (Top): Update subnode menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 64922
diff changeset
933 * Match Data:: Finding out which part of the text matched,
36922dc86799 (Top): Update subnode menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 64922
diff changeset
934 after a string or regexp search.
36922dc86799 (Top): Update subnode menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 64922
diff changeset
935 * Search and Replace:: Commands that loop, searching and replacing.
6451
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
936 * Standard Regexps:: Useful regexps for finding sentences, pages,...
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
937
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
938 Regular Expressions
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
939
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
940 * Syntax of Regexps:: Rules for writing regular expressions.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
941 * Regexp Example:: Illustrates regular expression syntax.
62244
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
942 * Regexp Functions:: Functions for operating on regular expressions.
6451
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
943
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
944 Syntax Tables
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
945
62244
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
946 * Syntax Basics:: Basic concepts of syntax tables.
6451
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
947 * Syntax Descriptors:: How characters are classified.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
948 * Syntax Table Functions:: How to create, examine and alter syntax tables.
62244
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
949 * Syntax Properties:: Overriding syntax with text properties.
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
950 * Motion and Syntax:: Moving over characters with certain syntaxes.
6451
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
951 * Parsing Expressions:: Parsing balanced expressions
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
952 using the syntax table.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
953 * Standard Syntax Tables:: Syntax tables used by various major modes.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
954 * Syntax Table Internals:: How syntax table information is stored.
62244
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
955 * Categories:: Another way of classifying character syntax.
6451
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
956
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
957 Syntax Descriptors
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
958
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
959 * Syntax Class Table:: Table of syntax classes.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
960 * Syntax Flags:: Additional flags each character can have.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
961
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
962 Abbrevs And Abbrev Expansion
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
963
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
964 * Abbrev Mode:: Setting up Emacs for abbreviation.
62244
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
965 * Abbrev Tables:: Creating and working with abbrev tables.
6451
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
966 * Defining Abbrevs:: Specifying abbreviations and their expansions.
62244
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
967 * Abbrev Files:: Saving abbrevs in files.
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
968 * Abbrev Expansion:: Controlling expansion; expansion subroutines.
6451
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
969 * Standard Abbrev Tables:: Abbrev tables used by various major modes.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
970
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
971 Processes
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
972
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
973 * Subprocess Creation:: Functions that start subprocesses.
62244
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
974 * Shell Arguments:: Quoting an argument to pass it to a shell.
6451
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
975 * Synchronous Processes:: Details of using synchronous subprocesses.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
976 * Asynchronous Processes:: Starting up an asynchronous subprocess.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
977 * Deleting Processes:: Eliminating an asynchronous subprocess.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
978 * Process Information:: Accessing run-status and other attributes.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
979 * Input to Processes:: Sending input to an asynchronous subprocess.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
980 * Signals to Processes:: Stopping, continuing or interrupting
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
981 an asynchronous subprocess.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
982 * Output from Processes:: Collecting output from an asynchronous subprocess.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
983 * Sentinels:: Sentinels run when process run-status changes.
62244
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
984 * Query Before Exit:: Whether to query if exiting will kill a process.
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
985 * Transaction Queues:: Transaction-based communication with subprocesses.
12098
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
986 * Network:: Opening network connections.
62244
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
987 * Network Servers:: Network servers let Emacs accept net connections.
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
988 * Datagrams:: UDP network connections.
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
989 * Low-Level Network:: Lower-level but more general function
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
990 to create connections and servers.
64922
5e32e6187a91 (Top): Update subnode lists.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 64889
diff changeset
991 * Misc Network:: Additional relevant functions for network connections.
5e32e6187a91 (Top): Update subnode lists.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 64889
diff changeset
992 * Byte Packing:: Using bindat to pack and unpack binary data.
6451
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
993
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
994 Receiving Output from Processes
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
995
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
996 * Process Buffers:: If no filter, output is put in a buffer.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
997 * Filter Functions:: Filter functions accept output from the process.
52157
3619f7bd9400 (Top): Fix typo.
John Paul Wallington <jpw@pobox.com>
parents: 52152
diff changeset
998 * Decoding Output:: Filters can get unibyte or multibyte strings.
6451
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
999 * Accepting Output:: How to wait until process output arrives.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1000
62244
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
1001 Emacs Display
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
1002
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
1003 * Refresh Screen:: Clearing the screen and redrawing everything on it.
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
1004 * Forcing Redisplay:: Forcing redisplay.
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
1005 * Truncation:: Folding or wrapping long text lines.
63958
180214c3bcc9 (Top): Update subnode menu for Display.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 63646
diff changeset
1006 * The Echo Area:: Displaying messages at the bottom of the screen.
62244
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
1007 * Warnings:: Displaying warning messages for the user.
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
1008 * Invisible Text:: Hiding part of the buffer text.
63958
180214c3bcc9 (Top): Update subnode menu for Display.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 63646
diff changeset
1009 * Selective Display:: Hiding part of the buffer text (the old way).
62244
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
1010 * Temporary Displays:: Displays that go away automatically.
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
1011 * Overlays:: Use overlays to highlight parts of the buffer.
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
1012 * Width:: How wide a character or string is on the screen.
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
1013 * Line Height:: Controlling the height of lines.
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
1014 * Faces:: A face defines a graphics style
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
1015 for text characters: font, colors, etc.
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
1016 * Fringes:: Controlling window fringes.
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
1017 * Scroll Bars:: Controlling vertical scroll bars.
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
1018 * Display Property:: Enabling special display features.
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
1019 * Images:: Displaying images in Emacs buffers.
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
1020 * Buttons:: Adding clickable buttons to Emacs buffers.
71010
278ae27a2594 (Top): Add "Abstract Display" to menu.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents: 70925
diff changeset
1021 * Abstract Display:: Emacs' Widget for Object Collections.
62244
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
1022 * Blinking:: How Emacs shows the matching open parenthesis.
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
1023 * Usual Display:: The usual conventions for displaying nonprinting chars.
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
1024 * Display Tables:: How to specify other conventions.
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
1025 * Beeping:: Audible signal to the user.
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
1026 * Window Systems:: Which window system is being used.
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
1027
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1028 Operating System Interface
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1029
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1030 * Starting Up:: Customizing Emacs start-up processing.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1031 * Getting Out:: How exiting works (permanent or temporary).
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1032 * System Environment:: Distinguish the name and kind of system.
62244
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
1033 * User Identification:: Finding the name and user id of the user.
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
1034 * Time of Day:: Getting the current time.
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
1035 * Time Conversion:: Converting a time from numeric form to a string, or
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
1036 to calendrical data (or vice versa).
64922
5e32e6187a91 (Top): Update subnode lists.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 64889
diff changeset
1037 * Time Parsing:: Converting a time from numeric form to text
5e32e6187a91 (Top): Update subnode lists.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 64889
diff changeset
1038 and vice versa.
62244
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
1039 * Processor Run Time:: Getting the run time used by Emacs.
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
1040 * Time Calculations:: Adding, subtracting, comparing times, etc.
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
1041 * Timers:: Setting a timer to call a function at a certain time.
72448
e01c5850129b (Top): Update subnode menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 72209
diff changeset
1042 * Idle Timers:: Setting a timer to call a function when Emacs has
e01c5850129b (Top): Update subnode menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 72209
diff changeset
1043 been idle for a certain length of time.
72209
db3e2c7ec185 (Top): Update subnode menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 71956
diff changeset
1044 * Terminal Input:: Accessing and recordingo terminal input.
db3e2c7ec185 (Top): Update subnode menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 71956
diff changeset
1045 * Terminal Output:: Controlling and recording terminal output.
62244
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
1046 * Sound Output:: Playing sounds on the computer's speaker.
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
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1047 * X11 Keysyms:: Operating on key symbols for X Windows
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1048 * Batch Mode:: Running Emacs without terminal interaction.
62244
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
1049 * Session Management:: Saving and restoring state with X Session Management.
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1050
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diff changeset
1051 Starting Up Emacs
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parents:
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1052
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1053 * Startup Summary:: Sequence of actions Emacs performs at start-up.
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1054 * Init File:: Details on reading the init file (@file{.emacs}).
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parents:
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1055 * Terminal-Specific:: How the terminal-specific Lisp file is read.
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1056 * Command-Line Arguments:: How command line arguments are processed,
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1057 and how you can customize them.
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1058
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1059 Getting out of Emacs
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1060
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1061 * Killing Emacs:: Exiting Emacs irreversibly.
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1062 * Suspending Emacs:: Exiting Emacs reversibly.
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1063
62244
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1064 Tips and Conventions
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1065
62244
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1066 * Coding Conventions:: Conventions for clean and robust programs.
64922
5e32e6187a91 (Top): Update subnode lists.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 64889
diff changeset
1067 * Key Binding Conventions:: Which keys should be bound by which programs.
5e32e6187a91 (Top): Update subnode lists.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 64889
diff changeset
1068 * Programming Tips:: Making Emacs code fit smoothly in Emacs.
5e32e6187a91 (Top): Update subnode lists.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 64889
diff changeset
1069 * Compilation Tips:: Making compiled code run fast.
5e32e6187a91 (Top): Update subnode lists.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 64889
diff changeset
1070 * Warning Tips:: Turning off compiler warnings.
62244
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
1071 * Documentation Tips:: Writing readable documentation strings.
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
1072 * Comment Tips:: Conventions for writing comments.
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
1073 * Library Headers:: Standard headers for library packages.
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diff changeset
1074
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diff changeset
1075 GNU Emacs Internals
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parents:
diff changeset
1076
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diff changeset
1077 * Building Emacs:: How to preload Lisp libraries into Emacs.
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parents:
diff changeset
1078 * Pure Storage:: A kludge to make preloaded Lisp functions sharable.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1079 * Garbage Collection:: Reclaiming space for Lisp objects no longer used.
62244
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
1080 * Memory Usage:: Info about total size of Lisp objects made so far.
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
1081 * Writing Emacs Primitives:: Writing C code for Emacs.
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diff changeset
1082 * Object Internals:: Data formats of buffers, windows, processes.
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1083
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diff changeset
1084 Object Internals
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1085
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parents:
diff changeset
1086 * Buffer Internals:: Components of a buffer structure.
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parents:
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1087 * Window Internals:: Components of a window structure.
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parents:
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1088 * Process Internals:: Components of a process structure.
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1089 @end menu
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1090
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1091 @include intro.texi
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1092 @include objects.texi
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1093 @include numbers.texi
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diff changeset
1094 @include strings.texi
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diff changeset
1095
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diff changeset
1096 @include lists.texi
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diff changeset
1097 @include sequences.texi
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1098 @include hash.texi
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1099 @include symbols.texi
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1100 @include eval.texi
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diff changeset
1101
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parents:
diff changeset
1102 @include control.texi
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diff changeset
1103 @include variables.texi
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1104 @include functions.texi
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diff changeset
1105 @include macros.texi
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1106
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1107 @include customize.texi
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1108 @include loading.texi
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1109 @include compile.texi
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1110 @include advice.texi
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1111
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1112 @include debugging.texi
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1113 @include streams.texi
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diff changeset
1114 @include minibuf.texi
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1115 @include commands.texi
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1116
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1117 @include keymaps.texi
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
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diff changeset
1118 @include modes.texi
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
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1119 @include help.texi
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1120 @include files.texi
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1121
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1122 @include backups.texi
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1123 @include buffers.texi
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1124 @include windows.texi
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1125 @include frames.texi
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1126
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1127 @include positions.texi
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1128 @include markers.texi
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1129 @include text.texi
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1130 @include nonascii.texi
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1131
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1132 @include searching.texi
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1133 @include syntax.texi
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1134 @include abbrevs.texi
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1135 @include processes.texi
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1136
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1137 @include display.texi
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1138 @include os.texi
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1139
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1140 @c MOVE to Emacs Manual: include misc-modes.texi
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1141
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1142 @c appendices
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1143
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1144 @c REMOVE this: include non-hacker.texi
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1145
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1146 @include anti.texi
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1147 @include doclicense.texi
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1148 @include gpl.texi
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1149 @include tips.texi
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1150 @include internals.texi
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1151 @include errors.texi
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1152 @include locals.texi
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1153 @include maps.texi
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1154 @include hooks.texi
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1155
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1156 @include index.texi
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diff changeset
1157
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diff changeset
1158 @ignore
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1159 @node New Symbols, , Index, Top
22138
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1160 @unnumbered New Symbols Since the Previous Edition
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1161
21702
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1162 @printindex tp
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1163 @end ignore
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1164
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1165 @bye
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1166
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1167
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1168 These words prevent "local variables" above from confusing Emacs.
52401
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1169
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1170 @ignore
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1171 arch-tag: f7e9a219-a0e1-4776-b631-08eaa1d49b34
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1172 @end ignore