annotate etc/TUTORIAL.es @ 64723:395915a45f02

Fix typo.
author Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
date Tue, 02 Aug 2005 23:18:27 +0000
parents 86f9d80d2dc1
children f05a048483cc 7a3341d65a12
Ignore whitespace changes - Everywhere: Within whitespace: At end of lines:
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1 Tutorial de Emacs. Vea al final las condiciones de copiado.
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2 Copyright (c) 1985, 1996, 1998, 2001, 2002 Free Software Foundation.
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3
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4 Generalmente los comandos de Emacs involucran la tecla CONTROL
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5 (algunas veces llamada CTRL O CTL) o la tecla meta (algunas veces
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6 llamada EDIT o ALT). En lugar de escribir completamente esto en cada
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7 ocasión, usaremos las siguientes abreviaturas.
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8
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9 C-<car> significa mantener presionada la tecla CONTROL mientras
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10 teclea el carácter <car>. Por lo tanto C-f será: Mantenga
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11 presionada la tecla CONTROL y teclee f.
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12 M-<car> significa mantener presionada la tecla META o EDIT o ALT
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13 mientras teclea <car>. Si no hay teclas META, EDIT o ALT, en
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14 su lugar presione y libere la tecla ESC y luego teclee
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15 <car>. Escribimos <ESC> para referirnos a la tecla ESC.
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16
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17 Nota importante: para terminar la sesión de Emacs teclee C-x C-c (dos
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18 caracteres). Los caracteres ">>" en el margen izquierdo indican
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19 instrucciones para que usted trate de usar un comando. Por ejemplo:
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20 <<Blank lines inserted around following line by help-with-tutorial>>
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21 [Mitad de página en blanco para propósitos didácticos. El texto continúa abajo]
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22 >> Ahora teclee C-v (ver la próxima pantalla) para desplazarse a la
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23 siguiente pantalla (hágalo manteniendo la tecla control
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24 oprimida mientras teclea v). Desde ahora debería hacer esto
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25 cada vez que termine de leer la pantalla.
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26
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27 Note que se superponen dos líneas cuando se mueve de pantalla en
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28 pantalla; esto provee una continuidad para que pueda seguir leyendo el
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29 texto.
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31 Lo primero que necesita saber es como moverse de un lugar a otro en el
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32 texto. Ya sabe como avanzar una pantalla, con C-v. Para retroceder
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33 una pantalla teclee M-v (mantenga oprimida la tecla META y teclee v, o
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34 teclee <ESC>v si no tiene las teclas META, EDIT o ALT).
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35
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36 >> Intente teclear M-v y luego C-v, varias veces.
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37
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38
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39 * RESUMEN
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40 ---------
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41
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42 Los siguientes comandos son útiles para ver pantallas completas:
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43
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44 C-v Avanzar una pantalla completa
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45 M-v Retroceder una pantalla completa
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46 C-l Limpiar la pantalla y mostrar todo el texto de nuevo,
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47 moviendo el texto alrededor del cursor al centro de la
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48 pantalla (Esto es CONTROL-L, no CONTROL-1.)
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49
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50 >> Encuentre el cursor, y fíjese qué texto hay cerca de éste.
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51 Luego teclee C-l.
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52 Encuentre el cursor otra vez y note que el mismo texto está cerca
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53 del cursor ahora.
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54
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55 Si su terminal las soporta, también puede usar las teclas AvPág o
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56 RegPág para moverse por pantallas completas, pero puede editar más
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57 eficientemente si usa C-v y M-v.
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58
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59 * MOVIMIENTO BÁSICO DE CURSOR
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60 -----------------------------
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61
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62 Es útil moverse de una pantalla completa a otra pero, ¿cómo moverse a
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63 un lugar específico dentro del texto en la pantalla?
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64
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65 Puede hacerlo de diversas formas. Puede usar las teclas de flechas,
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66 pero es mas eficiente mantener las manos en la posición estándar y
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67 usar los comandos C-p, C-b, C-f, y C-n. Estos caracteres son
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68 equivalentes a las cuatro teclas de flechas, de esta manera:
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69
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70 Línea anterior, C-P
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71 :
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72 :
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73 Atrás, C-b.... Posición actual del cursor .... Adelante, C-f
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74 :
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75 :
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76 Línea siguiente, C-n
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77
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78 >> Mueva el cursor a la línea en la mitad del diagrama
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79 usando C-n o C-p. Luego teclee C-l para ver el
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80 diagrama completo centrado en la pantalla.
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81
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82 Le resultará fácil recordar estas letras por las palabras que
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83 representan: P de Previous (anterior), N de Next (siguiente), B de
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84 Backward (atrás) y F de Forward (adelante). Estará usando estos
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85 comandos de posicionamiento básico del cursor todo el tiempo.
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86
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87 >> Teclee algunos C-n para traer el cursor a esta línea.
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88
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89 >> Muévase a la línea con C-f y hacia arriba con algunos C-p. Observe
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90 lo que hace C-p cuando el cursor está en medio de la línea.
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91
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92 Cada línea de texto termina con un carácter de nueva línea (Newline),
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93 que sirve para separarla de la línea siguiente. La última línea de su
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94 archivo debe de tener un carácter de nueva línea al final (pero Emacs
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95 no requiere que ésta lo tenga).
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96
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97 >> Intente usar C-b al comienzo de una línea. Debería moverse al
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98 final de la línea previa. Esto sucede porque retrocede a través
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99 del carácter de nueva línea.
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100
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101 C-f puede moverse a través de una nueva línea igual que C-b.
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102
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103 >> Teclee algunos C-b más para que sienta por donde se encuentra el
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104 cursor.
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105 Luego teclee C-f para regresar al final de la línea.
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106 Luego teclee otro C-f más para moverse a la línea siguiente.
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107
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108 Cuando pase el tope o el final de la pantalla, se mostrará el texto
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109 más allá del borde de la pantalla. Esto recibe el nombre de
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110 "desplazamiento". Esto le permite a Emacs mover el cursor al lugar
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111 especificado en el texto sin moverlo fuera de la pantalla.
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112
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113 >> Intente mover el cursor fuera del borde de la pantalla con C-n, y
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114 observe lo que sucede.
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115
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116 Si moverse por caracteres es muy lento, puede moverse por palabras.
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117 M-f (META-f) mueve adelante una palabra y M-b mueva atrás una palabra.
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119 >> Teclee algunos M-f y M-b
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120
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121 Cuando está en la mitad de una palabra, M-f mueve al final de la
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122 palabra. Cuando está en un espacio entre dos palabras, M-f mueve al
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123 final de la siguiente palabra. M-b trabaja de la misma forma en la
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124 dirección opuesta.
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125
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126 >> Teclee algunos M-f y M-b, intercaladas con C-f y C-b de tal forma
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127 que observe la acción de M-f y M-b desde varios sitios dentro y
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128 entre palabras.
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130 Note el paralelo entre C-f y C-b de un lado y M-f y M-b del otro. Muy
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131 frecuentemente los caracteres Meta se usan para operaciones
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132 relacionadas, con las unidades definidas por el lenguaje (palabras,
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133 oraciones y párrafos), mientras los caracteres Control operan sobre
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134 unidades básicas que son independientes de lo que está editando
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135 (caracteres, líneas, etc).
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137 Este paralelo se aplica entre líneas y oraciones: C-a y C-e para
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138 moverse al comienzo o al final de la línea; y M-a y M-e para mover al
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139 comienzo o al final de una oración.
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141 >> Intente algunos C-a, y después unos cuantos C-e.
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142 >> Intente algunos M-a, y después unos cuantos M-e.
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143
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144 Vea cómo la repetición de C-a no hace nada, pero la repetición de M-a
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145 sigue moviendo una oración más. Aunque no son muy análogas, cada una
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146 parece natural.
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147
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148 La ubicación del cursor en el texto se llama también "punto". En
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149 otras palabras, el cursor muestra sobre la pantalla donde está
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150 situado el punto dentro del texto.
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151
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152 Aquí hay un resumen de operaciones simples de movimiento del cursor,
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153 incluyendo los comandos de movimiento por palabra y oración:
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155 C-f Avanzar un carácter
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156 C-d Retroceder un carácter
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157
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158 M-f Avanzar una palabra
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159 M-b Retroceder una palabra
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160
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161 C-n Avanzar a la línea siguiente
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162 C-p Retroceder a la línea anterior
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163
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164 C-a Retroceder al comienzo de la línea
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165 C-e Avanzar al final de la línea
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167 M-a Retroceder al comienzo de la oración
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168 M-e Avanzar al final de la oración
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170 >> Ahora pruebe todos estos comandos algunas veces para practicar.
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171 Estos comandos son los más frecuentemente usados.
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172
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173 Otros dos comandos importantes de movimiento del cursor son M-< (META
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174 Menor que), el cual se mueve al comienzo del texto entero, y M-> (META
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175 Mayor que), el cual se mueve al final del texto entero.
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176
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177 En la mayoría de las terminales, el "<" está sobre la coma, por lo
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178 tanto tiene que usar la tecla shift para teclearlo. En estas
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179 terminales tendrá que usar la tecla shift también al teclear M-<; sin
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180 la tecla shift, usted estaría escribiendo M-coma.
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181
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182 >> Ahora pruebe M-<, para moverse al comienzo del tutorial.
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183 Después use C-v repetidamente para regresar aquí.
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184
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185 >> Ahora pruebe M->, para moverse al final del tutorial.
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186 Después use M-v repetidamente para regresar aquí.
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188 También puede mover el cursor con las teclas de flecha si su terminal
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189 dispone de ellas. Recomendamos aprender C-b, C-f, C-n y C-p por tres
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190 razones. Primero, funcionan en todo tipo de terminales. Segundo, una
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191 vez que gane práctica usando Emacs, encontrará que teclear estos
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192 caracteres Control es más rápido que usar teclas de flecha (porque no
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193 tendrá que mover las manos de la posición para mecanografiar).
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194 Tercero, una vez tenga el hábito de usar estos comandos Control,
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195 también puede aprender a usar otros comandos avanzados de movimiento
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196 del cursor fácilmente.
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197
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198 La mayoría de comandos de Emacs aceptan un argumento numérico; para la
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199 mayoría de comandos esto sirve como un factor de repetición. La
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200 manera de pasarle un factor de repetición a un comando es tecleando
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201 C-u y luego los dígitos antes de introducir los comandos. Si tiene
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202 una tecla META (o EDIT o ALT), hay una manera alternativa para
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203 ingresar un argumento numérico: teclear los dígitos mientras presiona
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204 la tecla META. Recomendamos aprender el método C-u porque este
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205 funciona en cualquier terminal. El argumento numérico es también
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206 llamado un "argumento prefijo", porque usted teclea el argumento antes
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207 del comando al que se aplica.
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208
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209 Por ejemplo, C-u 8 C-f mueve hacia adelante ocho caracteres.
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210
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211 >> Pruebe usar C-n o C-p con un argumento numérico, para mover el
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212 cursor a una línea cercana a ésta con un solo comando.
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213
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214 La mayoría de comandos usan el argumento numérico como un factor de
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215 repetición, pero algunos comandos le dan otros usos. Varios comandos
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216 (pero ninguno de los que ha aprendido hasta ahora) lo usan como una
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217 bandera: la presencia de un argumento prefijo, sin tener en cuenta su
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218 valor, hace que el comando actúe de forma diferente.
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219
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220 C-v y M-v son otro tipo de excepción. Cuando se les da un argumento,
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221 desplazan la pantalla arriba o abajo esa cantidad de líneas, en vez de
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222 una pantalla completa. Por ejemplo, C-u 8 C-v desplaza la pantalla 8
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223 líneas.
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224
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225 >> Pruebe tecleando C-u 8 C-v ahora.
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226
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227 Esto debió haber desplazado la pantalla hacia arriba 8 líneas. Si
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228 quisiera desplazarla hacia abajo de nuevo, puede dar un argumento a
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229 M-v.
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230
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231 Si está usando un sistema de ventanas, como X11 o MS-Windows, debe
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232 haber una larga área rectangular llamada una barra de desplazamiento
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233 en el lado izquierdo de la ventana de Emacs. Puede desplazar el texto
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234 al oprimir el botón del ratón en la barra de desplazamiento.
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235
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236 >> Pruebe presionando el botón del medio en la parte superior del área
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237 resaltada en la barra de desplazamiento. Éste debe desplazar el
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238 texto a una posición determinada según cuan alto o bajo oprima el
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239 botón.
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240
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241 >> Intente mover el ratón arriba y abajo, mientras mantiene el botón
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242 del medio presionado. Verá que el texto se desplaza arriba y abajo
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243 a medida que mueve el ratón.
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244
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245
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246
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247 * CUANDO EMACS ESTÁ BLOQUEADO
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248 -----------------------------
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249
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250 Si Emacs dejara de responder a sus comandos, puede detenerlo con
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251 seguridad al teclear C-g. Puede usar C-g para detener un comando que
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252 esté tomando mucho tiempo para ejecutarse.
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253
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254 También puede usar C-g para descartar un argumento numérico o el
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255 comienzo de un comando que no quiere finalizar.
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256
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257 >> Escriba C-u 100 para hacer un argumento numérico de 100, entonces
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258 pruebe C-g.
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259 Ahora pruebe C-f. Esto deberá mover sólo un carácter, ya que
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260 canceló el argumento con C-g.
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261
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262 Si ha tecleado <ESC> por error, puede desecharlo con un C-g.
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263
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264
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265 * COMANDOS DESACTIVADOS
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266 -----------------------
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267
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268 Algunos comandos de Emacs están "desactivados" de manera que los
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269 usuarios principiantes no puedan usarlos accidentalmente.
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270
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271 Si teclea uno de los comandos desactivados, Emacs muestra un mensaje
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272 informando acerca de qué comando era, y preguntándole si quiere
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273 continuar y ejecutar el comando.
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274
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275 Si realmente quiere intentar el comando, teclee Espacio como repuesta
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276 a la pregunta. Normalmente, si no quiere ejecutar el comando
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277 desactivado, conteste la pregunta con "n".
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278
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279 >> Escriba C-x C-l (que es un comando desactivado), a continuación
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280 escriba n para responder la pregunta.
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281
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282
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283 * VENTANAS
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284 ----------
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285
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286 Emacs puede tener varias ventanas, cada una mostrando su propio texto.
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287 Explicaremos después como usar múltiples ventanas. Ahora mismo
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288 queremos explicar cómo deshacerse de ventanas adicionales y volver a
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289 la edición básica en una ventana. Es sencillo:
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290
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291 C-x 1 Una ventana (p.ej., elimina todas las otras ventanas).
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292
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293 Esto es CONTROL-x seguido por el dígito 1. C-x 1 expande la ventana que
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294 contiene el cursor, para ocupar toda la pantalla. Esto borra todas las
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295 demás ventanas.
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296
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297 >> Mueva el cursor a esta línea y escriba C-u 0 C-l.
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298 >> Escriba Control-h k Control-f.
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299 Vea como esta ventana se encoge, mientras una nueva aparece y
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300 muestra documentación sobre el comando Control-f.
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301
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302 >> Escriba C-x 1 y vea que la ventana de listado de documentación
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303 desaparece.
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304
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305 Este comando es diferente a los otros que ha aprendido en que éste
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306 consiste de dos caracteres. Comienza con el carácter CONTROL-x. Hay
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307 toda una serie de comandos que comienzan con CONTROL-x; muchos de
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308 ellos tienen que ver con ventanas, archivos, buffers y cosas
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309 relacionadas. Estos comandos son de una longitud de dos, tres o
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310 cuatro caracteres.
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311
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312
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313 * INSERTAR Y BORRAR
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314 -------------------
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315
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316 Si quiere insertar un texto, basta con que lo teclee. Emacs
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317 interpreta los caracteres que usted puede ver, tales como A, 7, *,
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318 etc. como texto y los inserta inmediatamente. Teclee <Return> (la
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319 tecla Enter) para insertar un carácter de nueva línea.
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320
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321 Puede borrar el último carácter que escribió oprimiendo <Delback>.
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322 <Delback> es una tecla en el teclado--la misma que normalmente usa
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323 fuera de emacs para borrar el último carácter que escribió.
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324 Normalmente es una tecla una o dos filas arriba de la tecla <Return>,
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325 y que esta usualmente rotulada como "Backspace", "Del" o simplemente
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326 con una flecha en dirección izquierda que no es parte de las teclas de
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327 flecha.
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328
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329 Si la tecla larga esta rotulada "Backspace", entonces esa es la que
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330 debe de usar para <Delback>. Puede haber otra tecla llamada "Del" en
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331 otra parte, pero esa no es <Delback>.
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332
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333 Generalmente, <Delback> borra el carácter inmediatamente anterior a la
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334 posición actual del cursor.
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335
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336 >> Haga esto ahora: teclee unos pocos caracteres, después bórrelos
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337 tecleando <Delback> varias veces. No se preocupe si este archivo
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338 cambia, no alterará el tutorial principal. Ésta es su copia
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339 personal de él.
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340
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341 Cuando una línea de texto se hace muy grande para una sola línea en la
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342 pantalla, la línea de texto "continúa" en una segunda línea en la
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343 pantalla. Un backslash ("\") (o, si está usando un sistema de
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344 ventanas, una pequeña flecha curva) en el margen derecho indica que la
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345 línea "continúa".
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346
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347 >> Inserte texto hasta que llegue al margen derecho, y siga
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348 insertando. Verá aparecer una línea de continuación.
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349
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350 >> Use <Delback> para borrar el texto hasta que la línea de nuevo
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351 quepa en la pantalla. La línea de continuación se pierde.
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352
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353 Puede borrar un carácter de nueva línea como cualquier otro carácter.
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354 Al borrar el carácter de nueva línea entre dos líneas las junta en una
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355 sola línea. Si el resultado de la combinación de líneas es demasiado
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356 largo para caber en el ancho de la pantalla, se mostrará con una línea
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357 de continuación.
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358
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359 >> Mueva el cursor al comienzo de una línea y teclee <Delback>. Esto
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360 juntará esa línea con la línea anterior.
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361
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362 >> Teclee <Return> para reinsertar la nueva línea que borró.
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363
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364 Recuerde que a la mayoría de los comandos de Emacs se les puede dar un
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365 factor de repetición; esto incluye los caracteres de texto. Repetir
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366 un carácter de texto lo inserta varias veces.
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367
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368 >> Inténtelo ahora: teclee C-u 8 * para insertar ********.
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369
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370 Ya ha aprendido la manera más básica de teclear algo en Emacs y
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371 corregir errores. Puede borrar por palabras o por líneas. He aquí un
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372 resumen de las operaciones de borrado:
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373
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374 <Delback> borra el carácter justo antes que el cursor
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375 C-d borra el siguiente carácter después del cursor
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376
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377 M-<Delback> Elimina la palabra inmediatamente antes del
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378 cursor
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379 M-d Elimina la siguiente palabra después del cursor
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380
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381 C-k Elimina desde el cursor hasta el fin de la línea
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382 M-k Elimina hasta el final de la oración actual
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383
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384 Note que <Delback> y C-d, comparados con M-<Delback> y M-d, extienden
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385 el paralelismo iniciado por C-f y M-f (bien, <Delback> no es realmente
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386 una tecla de control, pero no nos preocuparemos de eso ahora). C-k y
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387 M-k, en ciertas forma, son como C-e y M-e, en que las líneas son
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388 oraciones opuestas.
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389
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390 También puede eliminar cualquier parte del buffer con un método
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391 uniforme. Muévase a un extremo de esa parte, y teclee C-@ o C-SPC
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392 (cualquiera de los dos). (SPC es la barra espaciadora.) Muévase al
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393 otro extremo de esa parte, y teclee C-w. Eso elimina todo el texto
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394 entre las dos posiciones.
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395
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396 >> Mueva el cursor a la letra T del inicio del párrafo anterior.
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397 >> Teclee C-SPC. Emacs debe mostrar el mensaje "Mark set" en la parte
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398 de abajo de la pantalla.
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399 >> Mueva el cursor a la x en "extremo", en la segunda línea del
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400 párrafo.
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401 >> Teclee C-w. Esto eliminará el texto que comienza desde la T, y
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402 termina justo antes de la x.
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403
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404 La diferencia entre "eliminar" y "borrar" es que el texto "eliminado"
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405 puede ser reinsertado, mientras que las cosas "borradas" no pueden ser
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406 reinsertadas. La reinserción de texto eliminado se llama "yanking" o
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407 "pegar". Generalmente, los comandos que pueden quitar mucho texto lo
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408 eliminan, mientras que los comandos que quitan solo un carácter, o
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409 solo lineas en blanco y espacios, borran (para que no pueda pegar ese
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410 texto).
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411
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412 >> Mueva el cursor al comienzo de una línea que no esté vacía.
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413 Luego teclee C-k para eliminar el texto de esa línea.
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414 >> Teclee C-k por segunda vez. Verá que elimina la nueva línea que
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415 sigue a esa línea.
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416
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417 Note que al teclear C-k una sola vez elimina el contenido de la línea,
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418 y un segundo C-k elimina la línea misma, y hace que todas las otras
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419 líneas se muevan hacia arriba. C-k trata un argumento numérico
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420 especialmente: Elimina ese número de líneas y TAMBIÉN sus
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421 contenidos. Esto no es una simple repetición. C-u 2 C-k elimina dos
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422 líneas y sus nuevas líneas, tecleando C-k dos veces no hace esto.
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423
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424 Traer texto eliminado de regreso es llamado "yanking" o "pegar".
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425 (Piense en ello como pegar de nuevo, o traer de vuelta, algún texto
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426 que le fue quitado.) Puede pegar el texto eliminado en, ya sea el
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427 lugar en que fue eliminado, o en otra parte del buffer, o hasta en un
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428 archivo diferente. Puede pegar el texto varias veces, lo que hace
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429 varias copias de él.
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430
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431 El comando para pegar es C-y. Reinserta el último texto eliminado, en
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432 la posición actual del cursor.
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433
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434 >> Inténtelo; teclee C-y para pegar de nuevo el texto.
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435
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436 Si hace varios C-k seguidos, todo el texto eliminado se guarda junto,
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437 de manera que un C-y pegará todas las líneas al mismo tiempo.
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438
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439 >> Haga esto ahora, teclee C-k varias veces.
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440
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441 Ahora para recuperar ese texto eliminado:
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442
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443 >> Teclee C-y. Luego baje el cursor unas pocas líneas y teclee C-y de
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444 nuevo. De esta forma puede copiar un texto.
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445
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446 ¿Qué hacer si tiene algún texto que quiere pegar, y entonces elimina
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447 otra cosa? C-y pegaría la eliminación más reciente. Pero el texto
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448 previo no está perdido. Puede regresar a éste usando el comando M-y.
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449 Después de haber tecleado C-y para conseguir la eliminación más
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450 reciente, tecleando M-y reemplaza el texto pegado con la eliminación
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
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451 previa. Tecleando M-y una y otra vez traerá las eliminaciones
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
452 anteriores. Cuando haya encontrado el texto que buscaba, no tiene que
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
453 hacer nada para conservarlo. Sólo siga con su edición, dejando el
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
454 texto pegado en donde está.
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455
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
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456 Si teclea M-y suficientes veces, regresa al punto inicial (la
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
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457 eliminación más reciente).
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parents:
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458
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
459 >> Elimine una línea, muévase un poco, elimine otra línea.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
460 Luego teclee C-y para recuperar la segunda línea eliminada.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
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461 Luego teclee M-y y será reemplazado por la primera línea eliminada.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
462 Teclee más veces M-y y vea lo que obtiene. Siga haciéndolo hasta
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
463 que la segunda línea eliminada regrese, y entonces unas pocas
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
464 más. Si quiere, puede tratar de darle a M-y argumentos positivos y
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
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465 negativos.
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466
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467
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
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468 * DESHACER
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469 ----------
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470
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471 Si hace un cambio al texto, y luego decide que fue un error,
48502
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
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472 puede deshacer el cambio con el comando deshacer, C-x u.
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473
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474 Normalmente, C-x u deshace los cambios hechos por un comando; si repite
48502
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
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475 varias veces seguidas C-x u, cada repetición deshará un comando
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476 adicional.
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477
48502
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
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478 Pero hay dos excepciones: los comandos que no cambian el texto no
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
479 cuentan (esto incluye los comandos de movimiento del cursor y el
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
480 comando de desplazamiento), y los caracteres de autoinserción se
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
481 manejan usualmente en grupos de hasta 20. (Esto es para reducir el
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
482 numero de C-x u que tenga que teclear para deshacer una inserción en
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
483 el texto.)
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
484
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
485 >> Elimine esta línea con C-k, después teclee C-x u y debería
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
486 reaparecer.
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487
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
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488 C-_ es un comando alternativo para deshacer; funciona igual que C-x u,
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
489 pero es más fácil de teclear varias veces seguidas. La desventaja de
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
490 C-_ es que en algunos teclados no es obvio cómo se teclea. Por esto
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
491 existe también C-x u. En algunas terminales, puede teclear C-_ al
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
492 teclear / mientras oprime CONTROL.
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493
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
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494 Un argumento numérico para C-_ o C-x u actúa como un factor de
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
495 repetición.
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496
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
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497 Uuede deshacer un texto borrado justo como puede deshacer el texto
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
498 eliminado. La distinción entre eliminar algo y borrar algo afecta en
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
499 si puede pegarlo con C-y; no hay diferencia alguna para deshacer.
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500
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501
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502 * ARCHIVOS
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503 ----------
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504
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
505 Para que pueda hacer permanente el texto que edite, lo debe colocar en
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
506 un archivo. De otra manera, éste se perderá cuando cierre Emacs.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
507 Para poder poner su texto en un archivo, debe "encontrar" el archivo
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
508 antes de ingresar el texto. (Esto se llama también "visitar" el
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
509 archivo.)
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510
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
511 Encontrar un archivo significa que puede ver su contenido dentro de
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
512 Emacs. En cierta forma, es como si estuviera editando el archivo
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
513 mismo. Sin embargo los cambios que haga mediante Emacs no serán
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
514 permanentes hasta que "guarde" el archivo. Esto es para evitar dejar
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
515 un archivo a medio cambiar en el sistema cuando no quiera. Incluso
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
516 cuando guarde, Emacs dejará el archivo original bajo un nombre
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
517 cambiado en caso de que luego decida que sus cambios fueron un error.
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518
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
519 Si mira cerca del final de la pantalla podrá ver una línea que
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
520 comienza y termina con guiones, y comienza con "--:-- TUTORIAL.es" o
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
521 algo así. Esta parte de la pantalla normalmente muestra el nombre del
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
522 archivo que está visitando. En este momento está visitando un archivo
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
523 llamado "TUTORIAL.es" que es su borrador personal del tutorial de
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
524 Emacs. Cuando encuentre un archivo con Emacs, el nombre de ese
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
525 archivo aparecerá en ese mismo punto.
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526
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
527 Una cosa especial acerca del comando para encontrar un archivo, es que
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
528 tendrá que decir que nombre de archivo desea. Decimos que el comando
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
529 "lee un argumento desde la terminal" (en este caso, el argumento es el
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
530 nombre del archivo). Después de teclear el comando:
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531
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diff changeset
532 C-x C-f Encontrar un archivo
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diff changeset
533
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
534 Emacs le pide que teclee el nombre del archivo. El nombre de archivo
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
535 que teclee aparece en la línea final de la pantalla. A la línea final
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
536 de la pantalla se la denomina minibuffer cuando se utiliza para este
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
537 tipo de entradas. Puede usar comandos de edición ordinarios de Emacs
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
538 para editar el nombre del archivo.
35127
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539
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
540 Mientras está ingresando el nombre del archivo (o cualquier otra
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
541 entrada al minibuffer) puede cancelar el comando con C-g.
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542
48502
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
543 >> Teclee C-x C-f, luego teclee C-g. Esto cancela el minibuffer, y
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
544 también cancela el comando C-x C-f que estaba usando el minibuffer.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
545 Así que no encontrará archivo alguno.
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546
48502
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
547 Cuando haya finalizado de ingresar el nombre del archivo, teclee
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
548 <Return> para terminarlo. Entonces el comando C-x C-f trabaja, y
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
549 encuentra el archivo que escogió. El minibuffer desaparece cuando el
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
550 comando C-x C-f termina.
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551
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
552 Poco tiempo después aparecerá el contenido del archivo en la pantalla,
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
553 y puede editarlo. Cuando quiera que sus cambios sean permanentes,
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
554 teclee el comando
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555
48502
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
556 C-x C-s Guardar el archivo
35127
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diff changeset
557
48502
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
558 Esto copia el texto dentro de Emacs al archivo. La primera vez que
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
559 haga esto, Emacs renombrará el archivo original con un nuevo nombre
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
560 para que este no se pierda. El nuevo nombre se hace agregando "~" al
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
561 final del nombre del archivo original.
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diff changeset
562
48502
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
563 Cuando guardar haya terminado, Emacs mostrará el nombre del archivo
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
564 escrito. Deberá guardar frecuentemente, para que no pierda mucho
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
565 trabajo si el sistema falla.
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parents:
diff changeset
566
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
567 >> Teclee C-x C-s, guardando la copia del tutorial.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
568 Esto debería mostrar "Wrote ...TUTORIAL.es" al final de la
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
569 pantalla.
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diff changeset
570
48502
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
571 NOTA: En algunos sistemas, teclear C-x C-s dejará inmóvil la pantalla
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
572 y no podrá ver más respuesta de Emacs. Esto indica que una
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
573 "característica" del sistema operativo llamada "control de flujo" está
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
574 interceptando el C-s y no permitiéndole llegar hasta Emacs. Para
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
575 descongelar la pantalla, teclee C-q. Luego consulte la sección
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
576 "Entrada Espontánea para Búsqueda Incremental" en el manual de Emacs
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
577 para consejos de cómo tratar con esta "característica".
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578
48502
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
579 Puede encontrar un archivo existente, para verlo o editarlo. También
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
580 puede hacerlo con un archivo que no exista. Ésta es la forma de crear
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
581 un archivo en Emacs: encuentre el archivo, que comenzará vacío, luego
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
582 comience a insertar el texto para ese archivo. Cuando invoque
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
583 "guardar" el archivo, Emacs creará realmente el archivo con el texto
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
584 que ha insertado. De ahí en adelante, puede considerarse estar
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
585 editando un archivo existente.
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586
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587
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parents:
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588 * BUFFERS
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parents:
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589 ---------
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
590
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
591 Si visita un segundo archivo con C-x C-f, el primer archivo permanece
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
592 dentro de Emacs. Puede volver a el encontrándolo de nuevo con C-x
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
593 C-f. De esta forma puede mantener un gran número de archivos dentro
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
594 de Emacs.
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595
48502
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
596 >> Cree un archivo llamado "foo" tecleando C-x C-f foo <Return>.
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
597 Luego inserte algún texto, edítelo, y guarde "foo" tecleando C-x
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
598 C-s.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
599 Finalmente teclee C-x C-f TUTORIAL.es <Return>
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
600 para regresar al tutorial.
35127
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diff changeset
601
48502
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
602 Emacs almacena cada texto del archivo dentro de un objeto llamado
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
603 "buffer". Al encontrar un archivo se crea un nuevo buffer dentro de
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
604 Emacs. Para mirar la lista de los buffers que existen actualmente en
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
605 su sesión de Emacs, teclee:
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606
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607 C-x C-b Lista de Buffers
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diff changeset
608
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
609 >> Pruebe C-x C-b ahora.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
610
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
611 Vea como cada buffer tiene un nombre, y además puede tener un nombre
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
612 de archivo para el archivo que contiene. CUALQUIER texto que vea en
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
613 una ventana de Emacs es siempre parte de algún Buffer.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
614
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
615 >> Teclee C-x 1 para deshacerse de la lista de buffers.
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616
48502
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
617 Cuando tenga varios buffers, solo uno de ellos es "actual" en algún
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
618 momento. Ese buffer es el que actualmente edita. Si quiere editar
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
619 otro buffer, necesita "cambiar" a él. Si quiere cambiar a un buffer
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
620 que corresponde a un archivo, puede hacerlo visitando el archivo de
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
621 nuevo con C-x C-f. Pero existe una manera más rápida: use el comando
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
622 C-x b. En ese comando, necesita teclear el nombre de buffer.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
623
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
624 >> Teclee C-x b foo <Return> para volver al buffer "foo" que contiene
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
625 el texto del archivo "foo". Después teclee C-x b TUTORIAL.es
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
626 <Return> para regresar a este tutorial.
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diff changeset
627
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
628 La mayoría del tiempo el nombre del buffer es el mismo que el nombre
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
629 del archivo (sin la parte del directorio del archivo). Sin embargo,
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
630 esto no es así siempre. La lista de buffers que hace con C-x C-b
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
631 siempre muestra el nombre de todos los buffers.
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632
48502
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
633 CUALQUIER texto que vea en una ventana de Emacs siempre es parte de un
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
634 buffer. Algunos buffers no corresponden a un archivo. Por ejemplo,
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
635 el buffer llamado "*Buffer List*" no tiene ningún archivo. Es el
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
636 buffer que contiene la lista de buffers que ha creado con C-x C-b. El
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
637 buffer llamado "*Messages*" tampoco tiene un archivo correspondiente;
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
638 contiene los mensajes que han aparecido en la línea de abajo durante
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
639 su sesión de Emacs.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
640
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
641 >> Teclee C-x b *Messages* <Return> para ver el buffer de mensajes.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
642 Luego teclee C-b TUTORIAL <Return> para regresar a este tutorial.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
643
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
644 Si hace cambios al texto de un archivo, y luego encuentra otro
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
645 archivo, esto no guarda el primer archivo. Sus cambios permanecerán
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
646 dentro de Emacs en ese buffer del archivo. La creación o edición del
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
647 segundo buffer de archivo no afecta al primero. Esto es muy útil,
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
648 pero también significa que necesita una forma conveniente para guardar
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
649 el archivo del primer buffer. Sería una molestia tener que volver a
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
650 este con C-x C-f para guardarlo con C-x C-s. Así tenemos
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
651
35127
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diff changeset
652 C-x s Guardar algunos buffers
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
653
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
654 C-x s le pregunta sobre cada buffer que contenga cambios que no haya
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
655 guardada. Le pregunta, por cada buffer, si quiere guardarlo o no.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
656
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
657 >> Inserte una línea de texto, luego teclee C-x s.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
658 Debería preguntarle si desea guardar el buffer llamado TUTORIAL.es.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
659 Conteste si a la pregunta tecleando "y".
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
660
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
661
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
662 * EXTENDER EL CONJUNTO DE COMANDOS
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
663 ----------------------------------
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
664
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
665 Hay muchísimos más comandos de Emacs que los que podrían asignarse a
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
666 todos los caracteres control y meta. Emacs puede darle la vuelta a
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
667 esto usando el comando X (eXtendido). Este viene de dos formas:
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
668
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
669 C-x Carácter eXtendido. Seguido por un carácter.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
670 M-x Comando eXtendido por nombre. Seguido por un nombre
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
671 largo.
35127
501e704b34bc *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
672
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
673 Estos comandos son generalmente útiles pero menos usados que los
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
674 comandos que ha aprendido hasta ahora. Ya ha visto dos: los comandos
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
675 de archivo C-x C-f para Encontrar y C-x C-s para Guardar. Otro
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
676 ejemplo es el comando para terminar la sesión de Emacs: se trata del
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
677 comando C-x C-c. (No se preocupe por perder los cambios que haya
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
678 hecho; C-x C-c ofrece guardar cada archivo alterado antes de finalizar
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
679 Emacs.)
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
680
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
681 C-z es el comando para salir de Emacs *temporalmente*: para que pueda
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
682 regresar a la misma sesión de Emacs después.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
683
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
684 En sistemas que lo permiten C-z "suspende" Emacs; esto es, se regresa
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
685 al intérprete de comandos pero no se destruye Emacs. En los
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
686 intérpretes de comandos más comunes, puede reanudar Emacs con el
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
687 comando `fg' o con `%emacs'.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
688
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
689 En sistemas que no implementen el suspendido, C-z crea un
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
690 subintérprete que corre bajo Emacs para darle la opción de correr
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
691 otros programas y regresar a Emacs después; esto en realidad no "sale"
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
692 de Emacs. En este caso, el comando `exit' del intérprete es la vía
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
693 usual para regresar a Emacs desde éste.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
694
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
695 El momento para usar C-x C-c es cuando está listo para salir del
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
696 sistema. Es además el paso correcto para salir de un Emacs llamado
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
697 bajo programas de manejo de correo y diversas otras utilidades, puesto
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
698 que ellos no saben cómo lidiar con la suspensión de Emacs. En
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
699 circunstancias normales, si no va a salir, es mejor suspender
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
700 Emacs con C-z en lugar de salir de él.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
701
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
702 Existen varios comandos C-x. Aquí hay una lista de los que ha
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
703 aprendido:
35127
501e704b34bc *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
704
501e704b34bc *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
705 C-x C-f Encontrar archivo.
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
706 C-x C-s Guardar archivo.
35127
501e704b34bc *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
707 C-x C-b Lista de buffers.
501e704b34bc *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
708 C-x C-c Salir de Emacs.
501e704b34bc *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
709 C-x 1 Borrar todo menos una ventana.
501e704b34bc *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
710 C-x u Deshacer.
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
711
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
712 Los comandos eXtendidos por nombre son comandos que se utilizan aún
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
713 con menos frecuencia, o únicamente en ciertos modos. Un ejemplo es el
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
714 comando replace-string, el cual globalmente substituye una cadena de
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
715 caracteres por otra. Cuando teclea M-x, Emacs le pregunta al
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
716 final de la pantalla con M-x y debe escribir el nombre del
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
717 comando; en este caso "replace-string". Solo teclee "repl s<TAB>" y
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
718 Emacs completará el nombre. Finalice el nombre del comando con
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
719 <Return>.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
720
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
721 El comando replace-string requiere dos argumentos: la cadena de
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
722 caracteres a reemplazar, y la cadena de caracteres para reemplazarla.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
723 Debe terminar cada argumento con <Return>.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
724
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
725 >> Mueva el cursor hacia la línea en blanco dos líneas abajo de esta.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
726 A continuación escriba
35127
501e704b34bc *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
727 M-x repl s<Return>cambiado<Return>alterado<Return>.
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
728
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
729 Note cómo esta línea ha cambiado: ha substituido la palabra
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
730 c-a-m-b-i-a-d-o por "alterado" en cada ocurrencia, después de la
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
731 posición inicial del cursor.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
732
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
733
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
734 * AUTO GUARDADO
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
735 ---------------
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
736
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
737 Si ha hecho cambios en un archivo, pero no los ha guardado, éstos
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
738 podrían perderse si su computadora falla. Para protegerlo de esto,
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
739 Emacs periódicamente escribe un archivo "auto guardado" para cada
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
740 archivo que está editando. El nombre del archivo auto guardado tiene
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
741 un # al principio y al final; por ejemplo, si su archivo se llama
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
742 "hola.c", su archivo auto guardado es "#hola.c#". Cuando guarda por
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
743 la vía normal, Emacs borra su archivo de auto guardado.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
744
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
745 Si la computadora falla, puede recuperar su edición de auto
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
746 guardado encontrando el archivo normal (el archivo que estuvo
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
747 editando, no el archivo de auto guardar) y entonces tecleando M-x
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
748 recover file<Return>. Cuando le pregunte por la confirmación, teclee
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
749 yes<Return> para ir y recuperar la información del auto guardado.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
750
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
751
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
752 * ÁREA DE ECO
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
753 -------------
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
754
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
755 Si Emacs ve que usted está tecleando comandos de multicaracteres
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
756 lentamente, se los muestra al final de la pantalla en un área llamada
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
757 "área de eco". El área de eco contiene la línea final de la pantalla.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
758
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
759
35127
501e704b34bc *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
760 * LÍNEA DE MODO
501e704b34bc *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
761 ---------------
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
762
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
763 La línea inmediatamente encima del área de eco recibe el nombre de
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
764 "línea de modo" o "mode line". La línea de modo dice algo así:
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
765
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
766 --:** TUTORIAL.es (Fundamental)--l765--65%---------
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
767
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
768 Esta línea da información útil acerca del estado de Emacs y del texto
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
769 que está editando.
35127
501e704b34bc *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
770
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
771 Ya sabe qué significa el nombre del archivo: es el archivo que usted
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
772 ha encontrado. -NN%-- indica su posición actual en el texto; esto
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
773 significa que NN por ciento del texto está encima de la parte superior
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
774 de la pantalla. Si el principio del archivo está en la pantalla, este
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
775 dirá --Top-- en vez de --00%--. Si el final del texto está en la
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
776 pantalla, dirá --Bot--. Si está mirando un texto tan pequeño que cabe
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
777 en la pantalla, el modo de línea dirá --All--.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
778
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779 La L y los dígitos indican la posición de otra forma: ellos dan el
501e704b34bc *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
780 número de línea actual del punto.
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
781
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
782 Los asteriscos cerca del frente significan que usted ha hecho cambios
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
783 al texto. Inmediatamente después que visite o guarde un archivo, esa
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
784 parte de la línea de modo no muestra asteriscos, solo guiones.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
785
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
786 La parte de la línea de modo dentro de los paréntesis es para
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
787 indicarle en qué modo de edición está. El modo por omisión es
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
788 Fundamental, el cual está usando ahora. Este es un ejemplo de un
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parents:
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789 "modo mayor".
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
790
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
791 Emacs tiene diferentes modos mayores. Algunos están hechos para
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
792 editar diferentes lenguajes y/o clases de texto, tales como modo de
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
793 Lisp, modo de Texto, etc. En cualquier momento uno y solo un modo
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
794 mayor está activo, y su nombre siempre se puede encontrar en la línea
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
795 de modo, justo en donde "Fundamental" está ahora.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
796
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
797 Cada modo mayor hace que algunos comandos actúen diferente. Por
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
798 ejemplo, hay comandos para crear comentarios en un programa, y como
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
799 cada lenguaje de programación tiene una idea diferente de cómo debe
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
800 verse un comentario, cada modo mayor tiene que insertar comentarios de
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
801 forma distinta. Cada modo mayor es el nombre de un comando extendido,
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
802 que es como puede cambiar a ese modo. Por ejemplo, M-x
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
803 fundamental-mode es un comando para cambiar al modo fundamental.
35127
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parents:
diff changeset
804
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
805 Si va a editar un texto de algún lenguaje humano, como este archivo,
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
806 debería usar el modo de texto.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
807 >> Teclee M-x text mode<Return>.
35127
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parents:
diff changeset
808
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
809 No se preocupe, ninguno de los comandos de Emacs que ha aprendido
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
810 cambia de manera significativa. Pero puede observar que M-f y M-b
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
811 tratan los apóstrofes como parte de las palabras. Previamente, en
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
812 modo Fundamental, M-f y M-b trataban los apóstrofes como separadores
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
813 de palabras.
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parents:
diff changeset
814
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
815 Los modos mayores normalmente hacen cambios sutiles como el anterior:
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
816 la mayoría de comandos hacen "el mismo trabajo" en cada modo mayor,
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
817 pero funcionan un poco diferente.
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parents:
diff changeset
818
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
819 Para ver documentación en el modo mayor actual, teclee C-h m.
35127
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parents:
diff changeset
820
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
821 >> Use C-u C-v una o más veces para traer esta línea cerca de la
35127
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parents:
diff changeset
822 parte superior de la pantalla.
501e704b34bc *** empty log message ***
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parents:
diff changeset
823
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
824 >> Teclee C-h m, para ver como el modo de Texto difiere del modo
35127
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parents:
diff changeset
825 Fundamental.
501e704b34bc *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
826
501e704b34bc *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
827 >> Teclee C-x 1 para eliminar la documentación de la pantalla.
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parents:
diff changeset
828
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parents:
diff changeset
829 Los modos mayores son llamados así porque también hay modos menores.
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
830 Los modos menores no son alternativas para los modos mayores, solo
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
831 modificaciones menores de éstos. Cada modo menor puede ser activado o
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
832 desactivado por sí mismo, independiente de todos los otros modos
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
833 menores, e independiente de su modo mayor. Por tanto, puede no usar
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
834 modos menores, o solamente uno, o cualquier combinación de varios
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
835 modos menores.
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parents:
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836
501e704b34bc *** empty log message ***
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diff changeset
837 Un modo menor que es muy útil, especialmente para editar textos en
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
838 español, es el modo Auto Fill. Cuando este modo está activado, Emacs
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
839 rompe la línea entre palabras automáticamente siempre que inserte
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
840 texto y la línea sea demasiado ancha.
35127
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parents:
diff changeset
841
48502
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
842 Puede activar el modo Auto Fill al hacer M-x auto fill mode<Return>.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
843 Cuando el modo esté activado, puede desactivarlo nuevamente usando M-x
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
844 auto fill mode<Return>. Si el modo está desactivado, este comando lo
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
845 activa, y si el modo está activado, este comando lo desactiva.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
846 Decimos que el comando "cambia el modo".
35127
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parents:
diff changeset
847
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
848 >> teclee M-x auto fill mode<Return> ahora. Luego inserte una línea
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
849 de "asdf " repetidas veces hasta que la vea dividida en dos líneas.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
850 Debe intercalar espacios porque Auto Fill sólo rompe líneas en los
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
851 espacios.
35127
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parents:
diff changeset
852
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
853 El margen esta normalmente puesto en 70 caracteres, pero puede
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
854 cambiarlo con el comando C-x f. Debe indicar el margen deseado como
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
855 un argumento numérico.
35127
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diff changeset
856
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
857 >> Teclee C-x f con un argumento de 20. (C-u 2 0 C-x f). Luego
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
858 teclee algún texto y vea como Emacs lo parte en líneas de 20
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
859 caracteres. A continuación ponga de nuevo el margen a 70 usando
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
860 otra vez C-x f.
35127
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parents:
diff changeset
861
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
862 Si hace cambios en el medio de un párrafo, el modo Auto Fill no lo
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
863 rellenará por usted.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
864 Para rellenar el párrafo, teclee M-q (META-q) con el cursor dentro de
35127
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parents:
diff changeset
865 ese párrafo.
501e704b34bc *** empty log message ***
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parents:
diff changeset
866
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
867 >> Mueva el cursor al párrafo anterior y teclee M-q.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
868
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parents:
diff changeset
869
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
870 * BUSCAR
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
871 --------
35127
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parents:
diff changeset
872
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
873 Emacs puede hacer búsquedas de cadenas (grupos de caracteres o
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
874 palabras contiguos) hacia adelante a través del texto o hacia atrás en
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
875 el mismo. La búsqueda de una cadena es un comando de movimiento de
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
876 cursor; mueve el cursor al próximo lugar donde esa cadena aparece.
35127
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parents:
diff changeset
877
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
878 El comando de búsqueda de Emacs es diferente a los comandos de
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
879 búsqueda de los demás editores, en que es "incremental". Esto
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
880 significa que la búsqueda ocurre mientras teclea la cadena para
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
881 buscarla.
35127
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parents:
diff changeset
882
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
883 El comando para iniciar una búsqueda es C-s para búsqueda hacia
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
884 adelante, y C-r para la búsqueda hacia atrás. ¡PERO ESPERE! No los
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
885 intente aún.
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diff changeset
886
48502
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
887 Cuando teclee C-s verá que la cadena "I-search" aparece como una
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
888 petición en el área de eco. Esto le indica que Emacs está en lo que
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
889 se conoce como búsqueda incremental, esperando que teclee lo que
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
890 quiere buscar. <Return> termina una búsqueda.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
891
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
892 >> Ahora teclee C-s para comenzar la búsqueda. LENTAMENTE, una letra
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
893 a la vez, teclee la palabra 'cursor', haciendo pausa después de
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
894 cada carácter para notar lo que pasa con el cursor.
35127
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
895 Ahora ha buscado "cursor", una vez.
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
896 >> Teclee C-s de nuevo, para buscar la siguiente ocurrencia de
35127
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
897 "cursor".
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
898 >> Ahora teclee <Delback> cuatro veces y vea como se mueve el cursor.
35127
501e704b34bc *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
899 >> Teclee <Return> para terminar la búsqueda.
501e704b34bc *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
900
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
901 ¿Vió lo que ocurrió? Emacs, en una búsqueda incremental, trata de ir
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
902 a la ocurrencia de la cadena que ha tecleado hasta el momento. Para
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
903 ir a la próxima ocurrencia de 'cursor' solo teclee C-s de nuevo. Si
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
904 tal ocurrencia no existe, Emacs pita y le dice que la búsqueda actual
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
905 está fallando ("failing"). C-g también termina la búsqueda.
35127
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
906
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
907 NOTA: En algunos sistemas, teclear C-s dejará inmóvil la pantalla y no
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
908 podrá ver más respuesta de Emacs. Esto indica que una
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
909 "característica" del sistema operativo llamada "control de flujo" está
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
910 interceptando el C-s y no permitiéndole llegar hasta Emacs. Para
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
911 descongelar la pantalla, teclee C-q. Luego consulte la sección
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
912 "Entrada Espontánea para Búsqueda Incremental" en el manual de Emacs
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
913 para consejos de cómo tratar con esta "característica".
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
914
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
915 Si se encuentra en medio de una búsqueda incremental y teclea
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
916 <Delback>, notará que el último carácter de la cadena buscada se borra
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
917 y la búsqueda vuelve al sitio anterior de la búsqueda. Por ejemplo,
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
918 suponga que ha tecleado "c", para buscar la primera ocurrencia de "c".
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
919 Ahora, si teclea "u", el cursor se moverá a la primera ocurrencia de
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
920 "cu". Ahora teclee <Delback>. Esto borra la "u" de la cadena
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
921 buscada, y el cursor vuelve a la primera ocurrencia de "c".
35127
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
922
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
923 Si está en medio de una búsqueda y teclea un carácter control o meta
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
924 (con algunas pocas excepciones: los caracteres que son especiales en
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
925 una búsqueda, tales como C-s y C-r), la búsqueda termina.
35127
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
926
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
927 El C-s inicia una exploración que busca alguna ocurrencia de la cadena
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
928 buscada DESPUÉS de la posición actual del cursor. Si quiere buscar
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
929 algo anterior en el texto, teclee en cambio C-r. Todo lo que hemos
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
930 dicho sobre C-s también se aplica a C-r, excepto que la dirección de
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
931 la búsqueda se invierte.
35127
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
932
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
933
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
934 * MÚLTIPLES VENTANAS
35127
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parents:
diff changeset
935 --------------------
501e704b34bc *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
936
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
937 Una de las características agradables de Emacs es que se puede mostrar
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
938 más de una ventana en la pantalla al mismo tiempo.
35127
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
939
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
940 >> Mueva el cursor a esta línea y teclee C-u 0 C-l (eso es CONTROL-L,
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
941 no CONTROL-1).
35127
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parents:
diff changeset
942
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
943 >> Ahora teclee C-x 2 que divide la pantalla en dos ventanas. Ambas
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
944 ventanas muestran este tutorial. El cursor permanece en la ventana
35127
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
945 superior.
501e704b34bc *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
946
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
947 >> Teclee C-M-v para desplazar la ventana inferior.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
948 (Si no tiene una tecla META real, teclee ESC C-v.)
35127
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
949
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
950 >> Teclee C-x o ("o" para "otro") para mover el cursor a la ventana
35127
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
951 inferior.
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
952 >> Use C-v y M-v en la ventana inferior para desplazarla.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
953 Siga leyendo estas direcciones en la ventana superior.
35127
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parents:
diff changeset
954
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
955 >> Teclee C-x o de nuevo para mover el cursor de vuelta a la ventana
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
956 superior.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
957 El cursor en la ventana superior está justo donde estaba antes.
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parents:
diff changeset
958
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
959 Puede continuar usando C-x o para cambiar entre las ventanas. Cada
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
960 ventana tiene su propia posición del cursor, pero únicamente una
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
961 ventana actual muestra el cursor. Todos los comandos de edición
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
962 comunes se aplican a la ventana en que está el cursor. Llamaremos
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
963 esto la "ventana seleccionada".
35127
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parents:
diff changeset
964
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
965 El comando C-M-v es muy útil cuando está editando un texto en una
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
966 ventana y usando la otra ventana como referencia. Puede mantener el
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
967 cursor siempre en la ventana donde está editando, y avanzar a la otra
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
968 ventana secuencialmente con C-M-v.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
969
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
970 C-M-v es un ejemplo de un carácter CONTROL-META. Si tiene una tecla
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
971 META real, puede teclear C-M-v pulsando a la vez CONTROL y META
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
972 mientras teclea v. No importa qué tecla "vaya primero", CONTROL o
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
973 META, porque las dos teclas actúan modificando los caracteres que
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
974 teclea.
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diff changeset
975
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
976 Si no tiene una tecla META real, y en vez de eso usa ESC, el orden sí
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
977 importa: debe teclear ESC seguido de Control-v, porque Control-ESC v
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
978 no funcionará. Esto es porque ESC es un carácter que tiene valor por
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
979 sí mismo, no es una tecla modificadora.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
980
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
981 >> Teclee C-x 1 (en la ventana de arriba) para deshacerse de la
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
982 ventana de abajo.
35127
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parents:
diff changeset
983
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
984 (Si hubiera tecleado C-x 1 en la ventana inferior, esto eliminaría la
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
985 superior. Piense en este comando como "mantener sólo una
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
986 ventana--aquella en la cual estoy.")
35127
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parents:
diff changeset
987
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
988 No tiene por qué mostrarse el mismo buffer en ambas ventanas. Si usa
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
989 C-x C-f para encontrar un archivo en una ventana, la otra ventana no
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
990 cambia. Puede encontrar un archivo en cada ventana
35127
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parents:
diff changeset
991 independientemente.
501e704b34bc *** empty log message ***
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parents:
diff changeset
992
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
993 Aquí hay otra forma para usar dos ventanas para mostrar dos cosas
35127
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parents:
diff changeset
994 diferentes:
501e704b34bc *** empty log message ***
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parents:
diff changeset
995
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
996 >> Teclee C-x 4 C-f seguido del nombre de uno de sus archivos.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
997 Finalice con <Return>. Vea que el archivo especificado aparece en
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
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998 la ventana inferior. El cursor vá allá también.
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999
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1000 >> Teclee C-x o para regresar a la ventana superior, y C-x 1 para
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1001 borrar la ventana inferior.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
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1002
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1003
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1004 * NIVELES RECURSIVOS DE EDICIÓN
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1005 --------------------------------
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1006
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1007 Algunas veces entrará a lo que es llamado un "nivel recursivo de
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1008 edición". Esto se indica en la línea de modo mediante corchetes en la
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1009 línea de modo, rodeando los paréntesis del nombre del modo mayor. Por
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1010 ejemplo, probablemente vea [(Fundamental)] en vez de (Fundamental).
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1011
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1012 Para salir de los niveles recursivos de edición, teclee ESC ESC ESC.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1013 Éste es un comando de "salida" para todo propósito. También lo puede
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1014 usar para eliminar ventanas extras, y salir del minibuffer.
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1015
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
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1016 >> Teclee M-x para entrar a un minibuffer; luego teclee ESC ESC ESC
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diff changeset
1017 para salir.
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parents:
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1018
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parents: 46563
diff changeset
1019 No se puede usar C-g para salir de los "niveles recursivos de
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1020 edición". Esto es porque C-g es usado para cancelar comandos y
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1021 argumentos DENTRO del nivel recursivo de edición.
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1022
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1023
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1024 * CONSEGUIR MAS AYUDA
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1025 ---------------------
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1026
48502
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1027 En este tutorial hemos tratado de ofrecer suficiente información para
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1028 que empiece a usar Emacs. Hay tanto disponible en Emacs que sería
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1029 imposible explicar todo aquí. Sin embargo, quizá desee aprender más
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1030 sobre Emacs, ya que tiene muchas otras características útiles. Emacs
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1031 provee comandos para leer documentación acerca de los comandos de
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1032 Emacs. Todos estos comandos de "ayuda" comienzan con el carácter
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1033 Control-h, que es llamado "el carácter de Ayuda (Help)".
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1034
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1035 Para usar las funciones de ayuda, teclee el carácter C-h, y luego un
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1036 carácter decidiendo qué tipo de ayuda quiere. Si está REALMENTE
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1037 perdido teclee C-h ? y Emacs le dirá qué tipo de ayuda puede
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1038 ofrecerle. Si ha tecleado C-h y decide que no quiere ninguna ayuda,
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1039 teclee C-g para cancelarlo.
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1040
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1041 (En algunas instalaciones cambian el significado del carácter C-h.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1042 Realmente no deberían hacer esto como una política para todos los
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1043 usuarios, así que tiene argumentos para quejarse al administrador del
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1044 sistema. Mientras tanto, si C-h no muestra un mensaje de ayuda en el
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1045 final de la pantalla, intente teclear la tecla F1 o, en su lugar, M-x
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diff changeset
1046 help <Return>).
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parents:
diff changeset
1047
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1048 La función de AYUDA más básica es C-h c. Teclee C-h, el carácter c y
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1049 un carácter de comando o secuencia de comando; Emacs le mostrará
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1050 una descripción muy breve del comando.
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1051
48502
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1052 >> Teclee C-h c C-p.
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1053 El mensaje debe ser algo como
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1054
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1055 C-p runs the command previous-line
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diff changeset
1056
48502
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1057 Esto le dice el "nombre de la función". Los nombres de función se
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1058 usan principalmente para adecuar y extender Emacs. Pero ya que los
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1059 nombres de las funciones se eligen para indicar lo que el comando
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1060 hace, también pueden servir como una breve documentación: suficiente
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1061 para recordarle los comandos que ha aprendido.
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diff changeset
1062
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1063 Los comandos de múltiples caracteres tales como C-x C-s y (sí no tiene
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1064 las teclas META o EDIT o ALT) <ESC>v también están permitidos después
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1065 de C-h c.
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1066
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1067 Para conseguir más información sobre un comando use C-h k en vez de
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diff changeset
1068 C-h c.
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parents:
diff changeset
1069
48502
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1070 >> Teclee C-h k C-p.
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1071
48502
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1072 Esto muestra la documentación de la función, al igual que el nombre,
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1073 en una ventana de Emacs. Cuando haya terminado de leer el resultado,
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1074 teclee C-x 1 para deshacerse del texto de ayuda. No tiene que hacer
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1075 esto ahora. Puede hacer algunas ediciones mientras se refiere
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1076 al texto de ayuda, y entonces teclear C-x 1.
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diff changeset
1077
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parents:
diff changeset
1078 Aquí hay algunas otras opciones útiles de C-h:
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parents:
diff changeset
1079
48502
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1080 C-h f Describe una función. Usted teclea el nombre de la
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diff changeset
1081 función.
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parents:
diff changeset
1082
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1083 >> Intente teclear C-h f previous-line<Return>.
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1084 Esto muestra toda la información que Emacs tiene sobre la función
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1085 que implementa el comando C-p
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1086
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1087 Un comando similar, C-h v, muestra la documentación de variables cuyos
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1088 valores pueda poner para adecuar el comportamiento de Emacs. Necesita
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1089 teclear el nombre de la variable cuando Emacs pregunte por ella.
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1090
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1091 C-h a Comando Apropos. Teclee una palabra y Emacs hará una
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1092 lista de todos los comandos que contengan esa palabra.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1093 Todos estos comandos pueden ser invocados con META-x.
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1094 Para algunos comandos, el Comando Apropos también
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1095 listará una secuencia de uno o dos caracteres la cual
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1096 ejecutará el mismo comando.
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1097
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1098 >> Teclee C-h a file<Return>.
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diff changeset
1099
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diff changeset
1100 Esto muestra en otra ventana una lista de todos los comandos M-x con
48502
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1101 la palabra "file" en sus nombres. Verá comandos de caracteres como
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1102 C-x C-f listados además de los nombres de los comandos
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1103 correspondientes tales como find-file.
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1104
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1105 >> Teclee C-M-v para desplazar la ventana de ayuda. Haga esto unas
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1106 cuantas veces.
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1107
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1108 >> Teclee C-x 1 para borrar la ventana de ayuda.
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parents:
diff changeset
1109
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parents: 46563
diff changeset
1110 C-h i Leer los Manuales En-Línea (alias Info). Este comando
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1111 lo pone en un buffer especial llamado `*info*' donde
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1112 puede leer manuales en línea de los paquetes
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1113 instalados en su sistema. Teclee m Emacs <Return>
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1114 para leer el manual de Emacs. Sí nunca ha usado Info
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1115 antes, teclee ? y Emacs lo llevará en una visita
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1116 guiada de los servicios del modo de Info. Una vez que
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1117 haya terminado este tutorial, debería considerar el
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1118 manual Info de Emacs como su documentación primaria.
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parents:
diff changeset
1119
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1120
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1121 * MÁS CARACTERÍSTICAS
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1122 ---------------------
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1123
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1124 Puede aprender más de Emacs leyendo su manual, ya sea como libro o en
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1125 línea en el Info (use el menú Ayuda--"Help"--o teclee F10 h r). Dos
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1126 características que pueden gustarle son la completación, que ahorra
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1127 teclear, y dired, que simplifica el manejo de archivos.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1128
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1129 La completación es una manera de ahorrar teclear innecesariamente.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1130 Por ejemplo, si quiere cambiarse al buffer "*Messages*", puede teclear
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1131 C-x b *M<Tab> y emacs encontrará el resto del nombre del buffer tan
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1132 lejos como pueda determinar de lo que ya haya tecleado. La
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1133 completación es descrita en el Info del manual de Emacs en el nodo
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1134 llamado "Completation".
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1135
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1136 Dired le permite listar los archivos en un directorio (y opcionalmente
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1137 sus subdirectorios), moverse alrededor de esa lista, visitar,
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1138 renombrar, borrar y aparte de eso operar en los archivos. Dired esta
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1139 descrito en el Info en el manual de Emacs en el nodo llamado "Dired".
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1140
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1141 El manual también describe otras características de Emacs.
40721
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35128
diff changeset
1142
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35128
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1143
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diff changeset
1144 * CONCLUSIÓN
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parents:
diff changeset
1145 ------------
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parents:
diff changeset
1146
48502
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1147 Recuerde, para salir permanentemente de Emacs use C-x C-c. Para salir
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1148 temporalmente a un intérprete de comandos, de forma que puede volver a
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1149 Emacs después, use C-z.
35127
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parents:
diff changeset
1150
48502
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1151 Este tutorial intenta ser comprensible para todos los usuarios nuevos,
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1152 así que si encuentra algo que no esté claro, no se siente y se culpe a
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1153 sí mismo: ¡Quéjese!
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parents:
diff changeset
1154
48502
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1155
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1156 * COPIA
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1157 -------
35127
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parents:
diff changeset
1158
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diff changeset
1159 Este tutorial desciende de una larga línea de tutoriales de Emacs
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parents:
diff changeset
1160 comenzando con el escrito por Stuart Cracraft para el Emacs original.
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1161
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1162 La versión en español fue originalmente traducida por estudiantes del
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1163 Gimnasio Fidel Cano (un colegio en Santafé de Bogotá, Colombia):
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parents:
diff changeset
1164
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1165 Carlos Alberto López Troncoso
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1166 Andrés Felipe Mancipe Galvis
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1167 Lina Fernanda Pinto García
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1168 Liliana Carolina Quitián Cedeño
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1169 Leonardo Ramírez Vargas <leonardoramirez@latinmail.com>
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1170 Juan David Vargas Botero <cyberbob1164@hotmail.com>
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1171 Juan Pablo Yela Gallón
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1172 Jorge Enrique Cárdenas Carrillo <platypus_life@hotmail.com>
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
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1173
48502
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1174 La versión en español ha sido revisada y corregida por:
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1175
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parents:
diff changeset
1176 Pablo Reyes <reyes_pablo@hotmail.com>
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1177 Igor Támara <ikks@bigfoot.com>
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1178 Melissa Giraldo de Támara <melagira@yahoo.com>
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1179 Vladimir Támara <vtamara@gnu.org>
48502
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1180 Rafael Sepúlveda <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1181 Juanma Barranquero <lektu@terra.es>
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1182
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1183 La versión en español ha sido actualizada por:
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1184
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1185 Rafael Sepúlveda <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>
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parents:
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1186
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parents:
diff changeset
1187 Por favor, en caso de duda, sólo es válido el original en inglés de la
46563
d155b00f8345 Many cleanups, fixing of accents, punctuation, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43965
diff changeset
1188 siguiente nota de derechos de reproducción (que puede encontrar en el
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diff changeset
1189 archivo TUTORIAL).
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parents:
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1190
48502
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1191 Copyright (c) 1985, 1996, 1998, 2001, 2002 Free Software Foundation
35127
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parents:
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1192
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1193 Se permite a cualquiera hacer o distribuir copias literales de este
48502
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1194 documento como se recibe, en cualquier medio, siempre que la nota
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1195 de derechos de reproducción y la nota de permiso se preserven, y
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1196 que el distribuidor permita que el que la recibe hacer distribución
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1197 posterior como lo permite esta nota.
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1198
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1199 Se permite distribuir versiones modificadas de este documento, o
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parents:
diff changeset
1200 porciones de este, bajo las condiciones anteriores, siempre que
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parents:
diff changeset
1201 ellas tengan nota visible especificando quién fue el último en
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parents:
diff changeset
1202 alterarlas.
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parents:
diff changeset
1203
46563
d155b00f8345 Many cleanups, fixing of accents, punctuation, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43965
diff changeset
1204 Las condiciones para copiar Emacs mismo son más complejas, pero con el
48502
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1205 mismo espíritu. Por favor lea el archivo COPYING y luego distribuya
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1206 copias de GNU Emacs a sus amigos. ¡Ayude a erradicar el
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1207 obstruccionismo del software ("propietariedad") usando, escribiendo, y
46563
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parents: 43965
diff changeset
1208 compartiendo software libre!
35127
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diff changeset
1209
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parents: 48502
diff changeset
1210 --- end of TUTORIAL.es ---
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1211
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parents: 48502
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1212 ;;; Local Variables:
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parents: 48502
diff changeset
1213 ;;; coding: latin-1
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parents: 48502
diff changeset
1214 ;;; End:
52401
695cf19ef79e Add arch taglines
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents: 49777
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1215
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parents: 49777
diff changeset
1216 ;;; arch-tag: 66aae86e-6f86-4a3e-b82a-44a783f774fd