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annotate lispref/sequences.texi @ 58766:4b3cfed7370f
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author | Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org> |
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date | Sun, 05 Dec 2004 14:19:01 +0000 |
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6374 | 1 @c -*-texinfo-*- |
2 @c This is part of the GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual. | |
27189 | 3 @c Copyright (C) 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1998, 1999 |
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4 @c Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
6374 | 5 @c See the file elisp.texi for copying conditions. |
6 @setfilename ../info/sequences | |
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7 @node Sequences Arrays Vectors, Hash Tables, Lists, Top |
6374 | 8 @chapter Sequences, Arrays, and Vectors |
9 @cindex sequence | |
10 | |
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11 Recall that the @dfn{sequence} type is the union of two other Lisp |
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12 types: lists and arrays. In other words, any list is a sequence, and |
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13 any array is a sequence. The common property that all sequences have is |
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14 that each is an ordered collection of elements. |
6374 | 15 |
7119 | 16 An @dfn{array} is a single primitive object that has a slot for each |
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17 of its elements. All the elements are accessible in constant time, but |
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18 the length of an existing array cannot be changed. Strings, vectors, |
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19 char-tables and bool-vectors are the four types of arrays. |
7119 | 20 |
21 A list is a sequence of elements, but it is not a single primitive | |
22 object; it is made of cons cells, one cell per element. Finding the | |
23 @var{n}th element requires looking through @var{n} cons cells, so | |
24 elements farther from the beginning of the list take longer to access. | |
25 But it is possible to add elements to the list, or remove elements. | |
6374 | 26 |
27 The following diagram shows the relationship between these types: | |
28 | |
29 @example | |
30 @group | |
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31 _____________________________________________ |
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32 | | |
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33 | Sequence | |
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34 | ______ ________________________________ | |
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35 | | | | | | |
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36 | | List | | Array | | |
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37 | | | | ________ ________ | | |
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38 | |______| | | | | | | | |
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39 | | | Vector | | String | | | |
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40 | | |________| |________| | | |
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41 | | ____________ _____________ | | |
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42 | | | | | | | | |
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43 | | | Char-table | | Bool-vector | | | |
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44 | | |____________| |_____________| | | |
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45 | |________________________________| | |
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46 |_____________________________________________| |
6374 | 47 @end group |
48 @end example | |
49 | |
50 The elements of vectors and lists may be any Lisp objects. The | |
51 elements of strings are all characters. | |
52 | |
53 @menu | |
54 * Sequence Functions:: Functions that accept any kind of sequence. | |
55 * Arrays:: Characteristics of arrays in Emacs Lisp. | |
56 * Array Functions:: Functions specifically for arrays. | |
7119 | 57 * Vectors:: Special characteristics of Emacs Lisp vectors. |
58 * Vector Functions:: Functions specifically for vectors. | |
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59 * Char-Tables:: How to work with char-tables. |
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60 * Bool-Vectors:: How to work with bool-vectors. |
6374 | 61 @end menu |
62 | |
63 @node Sequence Functions | |
64 @section Sequences | |
65 | |
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66 In Emacs Lisp, a @dfn{sequence} is either a list or an array. The |
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67 common property of all sequences is that they are ordered collections of |
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68 elements. This section describes functions that accept any kind of |
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69 sequence. |
6374 | 70 |
71 @defun sequencep object | |
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72 Returns @code{t} if @var{object} is a list, vector, string, |
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73 bool-vector, or char-table, @code{nil} otherwise. |
6374 | 74 @end defun |
75 | |
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76 @defun length sequence |
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77 @cindex string length |
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78 @cindex list length |
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79 @cindex vector length |
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80 @cindex sequence length |
52787 | 81 @cindex char-table length |
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82 This function returns the number of elements in @var{sequence}. If |
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83 @var{sequence} is a dotted list, a @code{wrong-type-argument} error is |
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84 signaled. Circular lists may cause an infinite loop. For a |
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85 char-table, the value returned is always one more than the maximum |
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86 Emacs character code. |
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87 |
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88 @xref{Definition of safe-length}, for the related function @code{safe-length}. |
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89 |
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90 @example |
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91 @group |
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92 (length '(1 2 3)) |
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93 @result{} 3 |
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94 @end group |
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95 @group |
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96 (length ()) |
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97 @result{} 0 |
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98 @end group |
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99 @group |
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100 (length "foobar") |
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101 @result{} 6 |
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102 @end group |
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103 @group |
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104 (length [1 2 3]) |
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105 @result{} 3 |
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106 @end group |
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107 @group |
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108 (length (make-bool-vector 5 nil)) |
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109 @result{} 5 |
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110 @end group |
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111 @end example |
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112 @end defun |
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113 |
52787 | 114 @defun string-bytes string |
115 @cindex string, number of bytes | |
116 This function returns the number of bytes in @var{string}. | |
117 If @var{string} is a multibyte string, this is greater than | |
118 @code{(length @var{string})}. | |
119 @end defun | |
120 | |
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121 @defun elt sequence index |
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122 @cindex elements of sequences |
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123 This function returns the element of @var{sequence} indexed by |
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124 @var{index}. Legitimate values of @var{index} are integers ranging |
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125 from 0 up to one less than the length of @var{sequence}. If |
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126 @var{sequence} is a list, out-of-range values behave as for |
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127 @code{nth}. @xref{Definition of nth}. Otherwise, out-of-range values |
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128 trigger an @code{args-out-of-range} error. |
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129 |
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130 @example |
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131 @group |
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132 (elt [1 2 3 4] 2) |
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133 @result{} 3 |
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134 @end group |
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135 @group |
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136 (elt '(1 2 3 4) 2) |
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137 @result{} 3 |
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138 @end group |
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139 @group |
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140 ;; @r{We use @code{string} to show clearly which character @code{elt} returns.} |
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141 (string (elt "1234" 2)) |
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142 @result{} "3" |
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143 @end group |
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144 @group |
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145 (elt [1 2 3 4] 4) |
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146 @error{} Args out of range: [1 2 3 4], 4 |
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147 @end group |
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148 @group |
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149 (elt [1 2 3 4] -1) |
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150 @error{} Args out of range: [1 2 3 4], -1 |
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151 @end group |
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152 @end example |
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153 |
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154 This function generalizes @code{aref} (@pxref{Array Functions}) and |
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155 @code{nth} (@pxref{Definition of nth}). |
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156 @end defun |
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157 |
6374 | 158 @defun copy-sequence sequence |
159 @cindex copying sequences | |
160 Returns a copy of @var{sequence}. The copy is the same type of object | |
161 as the original sequence, and it has the same elements in the same order. | |
162 | |
163 Storing a new element into the copy does not affect the original | |
164 @var{sequence}, and vice versa. However, the elements of the new | |
165 sequence are not copies; they are identical (@code{eq}) to the elements | |
166 of the original. Therefore, changes made within these elements, as | |
167 found via the copied sequence, are also visible in the original | |
168 sequence. | |
169 | |
170 If the sequence is a string with text properties, the property list in | |
171 the copy is itself a copy, not shared with the original's property | |
172 list. However, the actual values of the properties are shared. | |
173 @xref{Text Properties}. | |
174 | |
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175 This function does not work for dotted lists. Trying to copy a |
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176 circular list may cause an infinite loop. |
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177 |
6374 | 178 See also @code{append} in @ref{Building Lists}, @code{concat} in |
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179 @ref{Creating Strings}, and @code{vconcat} in @ref{Vector Functions}, |
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180 for other ways to copy sequences. |
6374 | 181 |
182 @example | |
183 @group | |
184 (setq bar '(1 2)) | |
185 @result{} (1 2) | |
186 @end group | |
187 @group | |
188 (setq x (vector 'foo bar)) | |
189 @result{} [foo (1 2)] | |
190 @end group | |
191 @group | |
192 (setq y (copy-sequence x)) | |
193 @result{} [foo (1 2)] | |
194 @end group | |
195 | |
196 @group | |
197 (eq x y) | |
198 @result{} nil | |
199 @end group | |
200 @group | |
201 (equal x y) | |
202 @result{} t | |
203 @end group | |
204 @group | |
205 (eq (elt x 1) (elt y 1)) | |
206 @result{} t | |
207 @end group | |
208 | |
209 @group | |
210 ;; @r{Replacing an element of one sequence.} | |
211 (aset x 0 'quux) | |
212 x @result{} [quux (1 2)] | |
213 y @result{} [foo (1 2)] | |
214 @end group | |
215 | |
216 @group | |
217 ;; @r{Modifying the inside of a shared element.} | |
218 (setcar (aref x 1) 69) | |
219 x @result{} [quux (69 2)] | |
220 y @result{} [foo (69 2)] | |
221 @end group | |
222 @end example | |
223 @end defun | |
224 | |
225 @node Arrays | |
226 @section Arrays | |
227 @cindex array | |
228 | |
7119 | 229 An @dfn{array} object has slots that hold a number of other Lisp |
6374 | 230 objects, called the elements of the array. Any element of an array may |
231 be accessed in constant time. In contrast, an element of a list | |
232 requires access time that is proportional to the position of the element | |
233 in the list. | |
234 | |
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235 Emacs defines four types of array, all one-dimensional: @dfn{strings}, |
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236 @dfn{vectors}, @dfn{bool-vectors} and @dfn{char-tables}. A vector is a |
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237 general array; its elements can be any Lisp objects. A string is a |
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238 specialized array; its elements must be characters. Each type of array |
26254 | 239 has its own read syntax. |
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240 @xref{String Type}, and @ref{Vector Type}. |
6374 | 241 |
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242 All four kinds of array share these characteristics: |
6374 | 243 |
244 @itemize @bullet | |
245 @item | |
246 The first element of an array has index zero, the second element has | |
247 index 1, and so on. This is called @dfn{zero-origin} indexing. For | |
248 example, an array of four elements has indices 0, 1, 2, @w{and 3}. | |
249 | |
250 @item | |
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251 The length of the array is fixed once you create it; you cannot |
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252 change the length of an existing array. |
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253 |
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254 @item |
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255 The array is a constant, for evaluation---in other words, it evaluates |
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256 to itself. |
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257 |
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258 @item |
6374 | 259 The elements of an array may be referenced or changed with the functions |
260 @code{aref} and @code{aset}, respectively (@pxref{Array Functions}). | |
261 @end itemize | |
262 | |
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263 When you create an array, other than a char-table, you must specify |
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264 its length. You cannot specify the length of a char-table, because that |
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265 is determined by the range of character codes. |
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266 |
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267 In principle, if you want an array of text characters, you could use |
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268 either a string or a vector. In practice, we always choose strings for |
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269 such applications, for four reasons: |
6374 | 270 |
271 @itemize @bullet | |
272 @item | |
273 They occupy one-fourth the space of a vector of the same elements. | |
274 | |
275 @item | |
276 Strings are printed in a way that shows the contents more clearly | |
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277 as text. |
6374 | 278 |
279 @item | |
280 Strings can hold text properties. @xref{Text Properties}. | |
281 | |
282 @item | |
283 Many of the specialized editing and I/O facilities of Emacs accept only | |
284 strings. For example, you cannot insert a vector of characters into a | |
285 buffer the way you can insert a string. @xref{Strings and Characters}. | |
286 @end itemize | |
287 | |
12098 | 288 By contrast, for an array of keyboard input characters (such as a key |
289 sequence), a vector may be necessary, because many keyboard input | |
290 characters are outside the range that will fit in a string. @xref{Key | |
291 Sequence Input}. | |
292 | |
6374 | 293 @node Array Functions |
294 @section Functions that Operate on Arrays | |
295 | |
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296 In this section, we describe the functions that accept all types of |
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297 arrays. |
6374 | 298 |
299 @defun arrayp object | |
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300 This function returns @code{t} if @var{object} is an array (i.e., a |
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301 vector, a string, a bool-vector or a char-table). |
6374 | 302 |
303 @example | |
304 @group | |
305 (arrayp [a]) | |
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306 @result{} t |
6374 | 307 (arrayp "asdf") |
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308 @result{} t |
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309 (arrayp (syntax-table)) ;; @r{A char-table.} |
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310 @result{} t |
6374 | 311 @end group |
312 @end example | |
313 @end defun | |
314 | |
315 @defun aref array index | |
316 @cindex array elements | |
317 This function returns the @var{index}th element of @var{array}. The | |
318 first element is at index zero. | |
319 | |
320 @example | |
321 @group | |
322 (setq primes [2 3 5 7 11 13]) | |
323 @result{} [2 3 5 7 11 13] | |
324 (aref primes 4) | |
325 @result{} 11 | |
326 @end group | |
327 @group | |
328 (aref "abcdefg" 1) | |
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329 @result{} 98 ; @r{@samp{b} is @acronym{ASCII} code 98.} |
6374 | 330 @end group |
331 @end example | |
332 | |
333 See also the function @code{elt}, in @ref{Sequence Functions}. | |
334 @end defun | |
335 | |
336 @defun aset array index object | |
337 This function sets the @var{index}th element of @var{array} to be | |
338 @var{object}. It returns @var{object}. | |
339 | |
340 @example | |
341 @group | |
342 (setq w [foo bar baz]) | |
343 @result{} [foo bar baz] | |
344 (aset w 0 'fu) | |
345 @result{} fu | |
346 w | |
347 @result{} [fu bar baz] | |
348 @end group | |
349 | |
350 @group | |
351 (setq x "asdfasfd") | |
352 @result{} "asdfasfd" | |
353 (aset x 3 ?Z) | |
354 @result{} 90 | |
355 x | |
356 @result{} "asdZasfd" | |
357 @end group | |
358 @end example | |
359 | |
360 If @var{array} is a string and @var{object} is not a character, a | |
30983 | 361 @code{wrong-type-argument} error results. The function converts a |
362 unibyte string to multibyte if necessary to insert a character. | |
6374 | 363 @end defun |
364 | |
365 @defun fillarray array object | |
7119 | 366 This function fills the array @var{array} with @var{object}, so that |
367 each element of @var{array} is @var{object}. It returns @var{array}. | |
6374 | 368 |
369 @example | |
370 @group | |
371 (setq a [a b c d e f g]) | |
372 @result{} [a b c d e f g] | |
373 (fillarray a 0) | |
374 @result{} [0 0 0 0 0 0 0] | |
375 a | |
376 @result{} [0 0 0 0 0 0 0] | |
377 @end group | |
378 @group | |
379 (setq s "When in the course") | |
380 @result{} "When in the course" | |
381 (fillarray s ?-) | |
382 @result{} "------------------" | |
383 @end group | |
384 @end example | |
385 | |
386 If @var{array} is a string and @var{object} is not a character, a | |
387 @code{wrong-type-argument} error results. | |
388 @end defun | |
389 | |
390 The general sequence functions @code{copy-sequence} and @code{length} | |
391 are often useful for objects known to be arrays. @xref{Sequence Functions}. | |
392 | |
393 @node Vectors | |
394 @section Vectors | |
395 @cindex vector | |
396 | |
397 Arrays in Lisp, like arrays in most languages, are blocks of memory | |
398 whose elements can be accessed in constant time. A @dfn{vector} is a | |
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399 general-purpose array of specified length; its elements can be any Lisp |
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400 objects. (By contrast, a string can hold only characters as elements.) |
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401 Vectors in Emacs are used for obarrays (vectors of symbols), and as part |
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402 of keymaps (vectors of commands). They are also used internally as part |
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403 of the representation of a byte-compiled function; if you print such a |
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404 function, you will see a vector in it. |
6374 | 405 |
406 In Emacs Lisp, the indices of the elements of a vector start from zero | |
407 and count up from there. | |
408 | |
7119 | 409 Vectors are printed with square brackets surrounding the elements. |
410 Thus, a vector whose elements are the symbols @code{a}, @code{b} and | |
411 @code{a} is printed as @code{[a b a]}. You can write vectors in the | |
412 same way in Lisp input. | |
6374 | 413 |
414 A vector, like a string or a number, is considered a constant for | |
415 evaluation: the result of evaluating it is the same vector. This does | |
416 not evaluate or even examine the elements of the vector. | |
417 @xref{Self-Evaluating Forms}. | |
418 | |
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419 Here are examples illustrating these principles: |
6374 | 420 |
421 @example | |
422 @group | |
423 (setq avector [1 two '(three) "four" [five]]) | |
424 @result{} [1 two (quote (three)) "four" [five]] | |
425 (eval avector) | |
426 @result{} [1 two (quote (three)) "four" [five]] | |
427 (eq avector (eval avector)) | |
428 @result{} t | |
429 @end group | |
430 @end example | |
431 | |
7119 | 432 @node Vector Functions |
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433 @section Functions for Vectors |
7119 | 434 |
6374 | 435 Here are some functions that relate to vectors: |
436 | |
437 @defun vectorp object | |
438 This function returns @code{t} if @var{object} is a vector. | |
439 | |
440 @example | |
441 @group | |
442 (vectorp [a]) | |
443 @result{} t | |
444 (vectorp "asdf") | |
445 @result{} nil | |
446 @end group | |
447 @end example | |
448 @end defun | |
449 | |
450 @defun vector &rest objects | |
451 This function creates and returns a vector whose elements are the | |
452 arguments, @var{objects}. | |
453 | |
454 @example | |
455 @group | |
456 (vector 'foo 23 [bar baz] "rats") | |
457 @result{} [foo 23 [bar baz] "rats"] | |
458 (vector) | |
459 @result{} [] | |
460 @end group | |
461 @end example | |
462 @end defun | |
463 | |
464 @defun make-vector length object | |
465 This function returns a new vector consisting of @var{length} elements, | |
466 each initialized to @var{object}. | |
467 | |
468 @example | |
469 @group | |
470 (setq sleepy (make-vector 9 'Z)) | |
471 @result{} [Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z] | |
472 @end group | |
473 @end example | |
474 @end defun | |
475 | |
476 @defun vconcat &rest sequences | |
477 @cindex copying vectors | |
478 This function returns a new vector containing all the elements of the | |
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479 @var{sequences}. The arguments @var{sequences} may be true lists, |
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480 vectors, strings or bool-vectors. If no @var{sequences} are given, an |
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481 empty vector is returned. |
6374 | 482 |
483 The value is a newly constructed vector that is not @code{eq} to any | |
484 existing vector. | |
485 | |
486 @example | |
487 @group | |
488 (setq a (vconcat '(A B C) '(D E F))) | |
489 @result{} [A B C D E F] | |
490 (eq a (vconcat a)) | |
491 @result{} nil | |
492 @end group | |
493 @group | |
494 (vconcat) | |
495 @result{} [] | |
496 (vconcat [A B C] "aa" '(foo (6 7))) | |
497 @result{} [A B C 97 97 foo (6 7)] | |
498 @end group | |
499 @end example | |
500 | |
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501 The @code{vconcat} function also allows byte-code function objects as |
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502 arguments. This is a special feature to make it easy to access the entire |
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503 contents of a byte-code function object. @xref{Byte-Code Objects}. |
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504 |
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505 In Emacs versions before 21, the @code{vconcat} function allowed |
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506 integers as arguments, converting them to strings of digits, but that |
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507 feature has been eliminated. The proper way to convert an integer to |
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508 a decimal number in this way is with @code{format} (@pxref{Formatting |
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509 Strings}) or @code{number-to-string} (@pxref{String Conversion}). |
6374 | 510 |
511 For other concatenation functions, see @code{mapconcat} in @ref{Mapping | |
512 Functions}, @code{concat} in @ref{Creating Strings}, and @code{append} | |
513 in @ref{Building Lists}. | |
514 @end defun | |
515 | |
516 The @code{append} function provides a way to convert a vector into a | |
517 list with the same elements (@pxref{Building Lists}): | |
518 | |
519 @example | |
520 @group | |
521 (setq avector [1 two (quote (three)) "four" [five]]) | |
522 @result{} [1 two (quote (three)) "four" [five]] | |
523 (append avector nil) | |
524 @result{} (1 two (quote (three)) "four" [five]) | |
525 @end group | |
526 @end example | |
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527 |
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528 @node Char-Tables |
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529 @section Char-Tables |
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530 @cindex char-tables |
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531 @cindex extra slots of char-table |
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532 |
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533 A char-table is much like a vector, except that it is indexed by |
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534 character codes. Any valid character code, without modifiers, can be |
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535 used as an index in a char-table. You can access a char-table's |
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536 elements with @code{aref} and @code{aset}, as with any array. In |
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537 addition, a char-table can have @dfn{extra slots} to hold additional |
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538 data not associated with particular character codes. Char-tables are |
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539 constants when evaluated. |
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540 |
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541 @cindex subtype of char-table |
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542 Each char-table has a @dfn{subtype} which is a symbol. The subtype |
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543 has two purposes: to distinguish char-tables meant for different uses, |
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544 and to control the number of extra slots. For example, display tables |
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545 are char-tables with @code{display-table} as the subtype, and syntax |
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546 tables are char-tables with @code{syntax-table} as the subtype. A valid |
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547 subtype must have a @code{char-table-extra-slots} property which is an |
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548 integer between 0 and 10. This integer specifies the number of |
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549 @dfn{extra slots} in the char-table. |
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550 |
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551 @cindex parent of char-table |
38941 | 552 A char-table can have a @dfn{parent}, which is another char-table. If |
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553 it does, then whenever the char-table specifies @code{nil} for a |
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554 particular character @var{c}, it inherits the value specified in the |
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555 parent. In other words, @code{(aref @var{char-table} @var{c})} returns |
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556 the value from the parent of @var{char-table} if @var{char-table} itself |
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557 specifies @code{nil}. |
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558 |
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559 @cindex default value of char-table |
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560 A char-table can also have a @dfn{default value}. If so, then |
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561 @code{(aref @var{char-table} @var{c})} returns the default value |
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562 whenever the char-table does not specify any other non-@code{nil} value. |
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563 |
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564 @defun make-char-table subtype &optional init |
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565 Return a newly created char-table, with subtype @var{subtype}. Each |
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566 element is initialized to @var{init}, which defaults to @code{nil}. You |
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567 cannot alter the subtype of a char-table after the char-table is |
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568 created. |
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569 |
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570 There is no argument to specify the length of the char-table, because |
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571 all char-tables have room for any valid character code as an index. |
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572 @end defun |
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573 |
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574 @defun char-table-p object |
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575 This function returns @code{t} if @var{object} is a char-table, |
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576 otherwise @code{nil}. |
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577 @end defun |
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578 |
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579 @defun char-table-subtype char-table |
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580 This function returns the subtype symbol of @var{char-table}. |
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581 @end defun |
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582 |
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583 @defun set-char-table-default char-table new-default |
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584 This function sets the default value of @var{char-table} to |
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585 @var{new-default}. |
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586 |
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587 There is no special function to access the default value of a char-table. |
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588 To do that, use @code{(char-table-range @var{char-table} nil)}. |
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589 @end defun |
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590 |
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591 @defun char-table-parent char-table |
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592 This function returns the parent of @var{char-table}. The parent is |
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593 always either @code{nil} or another char-table. |
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594 @end defun |
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595 |
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596 @defun set-char-table-parent char-table new-parent |
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597 This function sets the parent of @var{char-table} to @var{new-parent}. |
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598 @end defun |
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599 |
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600 @defun char-table-extra-slot char-table n |
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601 This function returns the contents of extra slot @var{n} of |
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602 @var{char-table}. The number of extra slots in a char-table is |
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603 determined by its subtype. |
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604 @end defun |
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605 |
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606 @defun set-char-table-extra-slot char-table n value |
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607 This function stores @var{value} in extra slot @var{n} of |
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608 @var{char-table}. |
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609 @end defun |
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610 |
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611 A char-table can specify an element value for a single character code; |
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612 it can also specify a value for an entire character set. |
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613 |
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614 @defun char-table-range char-table range |
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615 This returns the value specified in @var{char-table} for a range of |
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616 characters @var{range}. Here are the possibilities for @var{range}: |
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617 |
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618 @table @asis |
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619 @item @code{nil} |
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620 Refers to the default value. |
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621 |
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622 @item @var{char} |
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623 Refers to the element for character @var{char} |
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624 (supposing @var{char} is a valid character code). |
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625 |
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626 @item @var{charset} |
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627 Refers to the value specified for the whole character set |
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628 @var{charset} (@pxref{Character Sets}). |
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629 |
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630 @item @var{generic-char} |
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631 A generic character stands for a character set; specifying the generic |
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632 character as argument is equivalent to specifying the character set |
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633 name. @xref{Splitting Characters}, for a description of generic characters. |
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634 @end table |
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635 @end defun |
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636 |
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637 @defun set-char-table-range char-table range value |
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638 This function sets the value in @var{char-table} for a range of |
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639 characters @var{range}. Here are the possibilities for @var{range}: |
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640 |
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641 @table @asis |
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642 @item @code{nil} |
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643 Refers to the default value. |
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644 |
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645 @item @code{t} |
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646 Refers to the whole range of character codes. |
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647 |
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648 @item @var{char} |
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649 Refers to the element for character @var{char} |
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650 (supposing @var{char} is a valid character code). |
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651 |
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652 @item @var{charset} |
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653 Refers to the value specified for the whole character set |
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654 @var{charset} (@pxref{Character Sets}). |
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655 |
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656 @item @var{generic-char} |
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657 A generic character stands for a character set; specifying the generic |
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658 character as argument is equivalent to specifying the character set |
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659 name. @xref{Splitting Characters}, for a description of generic characters. |
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660 @end table |
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661 @end defun |
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662 |
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663 @defun map-char-table function char-table |
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664 This function calls @var{function} for each element of @var{char-table}. |
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665 @var{function} is called with two arguments, a key and a value. The key |
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666 is a possible @var{range} argument for @code{char-table-range}---either |
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667 a valid character or a generic character---and the value is |
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668 @code{(char-table-range @var{char-table} @var{key})}. |
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669 |
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670 Overall, the key-value pairs passed to @var{function} describe all the |
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671 values stored in @var{char-table}. |
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672 |
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673 The return value is always @code{nil}; to make this function useful, |
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674 @var{function} should have side effects. For example, |
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675 here is how to examine each element of the syntax table: |
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676 |
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677 @example |
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678 (let (accumulator) |
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679 (map-char-table |
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680 #'(lambda (key value) |
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681 (setq accumulator |
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682 (cons (list key value) accumulator))) |
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683 (syntax-table)) |
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684 accumulator) |
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685 @result{} |
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686 ((475008 nil) (474880 nil) (474752 nil) (474624 nil) |
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687 ... (5 (3)) (4 (3)) (3 (3)) (2 (3)) (1 (3)) (0 (3))) |
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688 @end example |
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689 @end defun |
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690 |
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691 @node Bool-Vectors |
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692 @section Bool-vectors |
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693 @cindex Bool-vectors |
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694 |
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695 A bool-vector is much like a vector, except that it stores only the |
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696 values @code{t} and @code{nil}. If you try to store any non-@code{nil} |
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697 value into an element of the bool-vector, the effect is to store |
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698 @code{t} there. As with all arrays, bool-vector indices start from 0, |
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699 and the length cannot be changed once the bool-vector is created. |
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700 Bool-vectors are constants when evaluated. |
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701 |
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702 There are two special functions for working with bool-vectors; aside |
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703 from that, you manipulate them with same functions used for other kinds |
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704 of arrays. |
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705 |
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706 @defun make-bool-vector length initial |
38019 | 707 Return a new bool-vector of @var{length} elements, |
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708 each one initialized to @var{initial}. |
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709 @end defun |
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710 |
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711 @defun bool-vector-p object |
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712 This returns @code{t} if @var{object} is a bool-vector, |
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713 and @code{nil} otherwise. |
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714 @end defun |
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715 |
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716 Here is an example of creating, examining, and updating a |
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717 bool-vector. Note that the printed form represents up to 8 boolean |
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718 values as a single character. |
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719 |
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720 @example |
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721 (setq bv (make-bool-vector 5 t)) |
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722 @result{} #&5"^_" |
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723 (aref bv 1) |
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724 @result{} t |
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725 (aset bv 3 nil) |
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726 @result{} nil |
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727 bv |
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728 @result{} #&5"^W" |
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729 @end example |
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730 |
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731 @noindent |
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732 These results make sense because the binary codes for control-_ and |
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733 control-W are 11111 and 10111, respectively. |
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734 |
52401 | 735 @ignore |
736 arch-tag: fcf1084a-cd29-4adc-9f16-68586935b386 | |
737 @end ignore |