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annotate lispref/sequences.texi @ 27114:4efa5e54e9a9
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author | Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org> |
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date | Mon, 03 Jan 2000 16:52:52 +0000 |
parents | a393c5e46e99 |
children | f6b52258db6a |
rev | line source |
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6374 | 1 @c -*-texinfo-*- |
2 @c This is part of the GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual. | |
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3 @c Copyright (C) 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1998 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
6374 | 4 @c See the file elisp.texi for copying conditions. |
5 @setfilename ../info/sequences | |
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6 @node Sequences Arrays Vectors, Hash Tables, Lists, Top |
6374 | 7 @chapter Sequences, Arrays, and Vectors |
8 @cindex sequence | |
9 | |
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10 Recall that the @dfn{sequence} type is the union of two other Lisp |
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11 types: lists and arrays. In other words, any list is a sequence, and |
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12 any array is a sequence. The common property that all sequences have is |
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13 that each is an ordered collection of elements. |
6374 | 14 |
7119 | 15 An @dfn{array} is a single primitive object that has a slot for each |
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16 of its elements. All the elements are accessible in constant time, but |
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17 the length of an existing array cannot be changed. Strings, vectors, |
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18 char-tables and bool-vectors are the four types of arrays. |
7119 | 19 |
20 A list is a sequence of elements, but it is not a single primitive | |
21 object; it is made of cons cells, one cell per element. Finding the | |
22 @var{n}th element requires looking through @var{n} cons cells, so | |
23 elements farther from the beginning of the list take longer to access. | |
24 But it is possible to add elements to the list, or remove elements. | |
6374 | 25 |
26 The following diagram shows the relationship between these types: | |
27 | |
28 @example | |
29 @group | |
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30 _____________________________________________ |
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31 | | |
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32 | Sequence | |
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33 | ______ ________________________________ | |
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34 | | | | | | |
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35 | | List | | Array | | |
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36 | | | | ________ ________ | | |
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37 | |______| | | | | | | | |
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38 | | | Vector | | String | | | |
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39 | | |________| |________| | | |
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40 | | ____________ _____________ | | |
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41 | | | | | | | | |
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42 | | | Char-table | | Bool-vector | | | |
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43 | | |____________| |_____________| | | |
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44 | |________________________________| | |
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45 |_____________________________________________| |
6374 | 46 @end group |
47 @end example | |
48 | |
49 The elements of vectors and lists may be any Lisp objects. The | |
50 elements of strings are all characters. | |
51 | |
52 @menu | |
53 * Sequence Functions:: Functions that accept any kind of sequence. | |
54 * Arrays:: Characteristics of arrays in Emacs Lisp. | |
55 * Array Functions:: Functions specifically for arrays. | |
7119 | 56 * Vectors:: Special characteristics of Emacs Lisp vectors. |
57 * Vector Functions:: Functions specifically for vectors. | |
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58 * Char-Tables:: How to work with char-tables. |
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59 * Bool-Vectors:: How to work with bool-vectors. |
6374 | 60 @end menu |
61 | |
62 @node Sequence Functions | |
63 @section Sequences | |
64 | |
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65 In Emacs Lisp, a @dfn{sequence} is either a list or an array. The |
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66 common property of all sequences is that they are ordered collections of |
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67 elements. This section describes functions that accept any kind of |
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68 sequence. |
6374 | 69 |
70 @defun sequencep object | |
71 Returns @code{t} if @var{object} is a list, vector, or | |
72 string, @code{nil} otherwise. | |
73 @end defun | |
74 | |
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75 @defun length sequence |
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76 @cindex string length |
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77 @cindex list length |
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78 @cindex vector length |
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79 @cindex sequence length |
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80 This function returns the number of elements in @var{sequence}. If |
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81 @var{sequence} is a cons cell that is not a list (because the final |
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82 @sc{cdr} is not @code{nil}), a @code{wrong-type-argument} error is |
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83 signaled. |
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84 |
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85 @xref{List Elements}, for the related function @code{safe-length}. |
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86 |
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87 @example |
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88 @group |
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89 (length '(1 2 3)) |
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90 @result{} 3 |
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91 @end group |
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92 @group |
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93 (length ()) |
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94 @result{} 0 |
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95 @end group |
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96 @group |
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97 (length "foobar") |
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98 @result{} 6 |
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99 @end group |
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100 @group |
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101 (length [1 2 3]) |
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102 @result{} 3 |
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103 @end group |
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104 @group |
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105 (length (make-bool-vector 5 nil)) |
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106 @result{} 5 |
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107 @end group |
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108 @end example |
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109 @end defun |
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110 |
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111 @defun elt sequence index |
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112 @cindex elements of sequences |
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113 This function returns the element of @var{sequence} indexed by |
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114 @var{index}. Legitimate values of @var{index} are integers ranging from |
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115 0 up to one less than the length of @var{sequence}. If @var{sequence} |
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116 is a list, then out-of-range values of @var{index} return @code{nil}; |
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117 otherwise, they trigger an @code{args-out-of-range} error. |
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118 |
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119 @example |
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120 @group |
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121 (elt [1 2 3 4] 2) |
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122 @result{} 3 |
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123 @end group |
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124 @group |
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125 (elt '(1 2 3 4) 2) |
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126 @result{} 3 |
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127 @end group |
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128 @group |
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129 ;; @r{We use @code{string} to show clearly which character @code{elt} returns.} |
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130 (string (elt "1234" 2)) |
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131 @result{} "3" |
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132 @end group |
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133 @group |
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134 (elt [1 2 3 4] 4) |
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135 @error{} Args out of range: [1 2 3 4], 4 |
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136 @end group |
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137 @group |
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138 (elt [1 2 3 4] -1) |
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139 @error{} Args out of range: [1 2 3 4], -1 |
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140 @end group |
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141 @end example |
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142 |
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143 This function generalizes @code{aref} (@pxref{Array Functions}) and |
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144 @code{nth} (@pxref{List Elements}). |
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145 @end defun |
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146 |
6374 | 147 @defun copy-sequence sequence |
148 @cindex copying sequences | |
149 Returns a copy of @var{sequence}. The copy is the same type of object | |
150 as the original sequence, and it has the same elements in the same order. | |
151 | |
152 Storing a new element into the copy does not affect the original | |
153 @var{sequence}, and vice versa. However, the elements of the new | |
154 sequence are not copies; they are identical (@code{eq}) to the elements | |
155 of the original. Therefore, changes made within these elements, as | |
156 found via the copied sequence, are also visible in the original | |
157 sequence. | |
158 | |
159 If the sequence is a string with text properties, the property list in | |
160 the copy is itself a copy, not shared with the original's property | |
161 list. However, the actual values of the properties are shared. | |
162 @xref{Text Properties}. | |
163 | |
164 See also @code{append} in @ref{Building Lists}, @code{concat} in | |
26239 | 165 @ref{Creating Strings}, and @code{vconcat} in @ref{Vectors}, for other |
6374 | 166 ways to copy sequences. |
167 | |
168 @example | |
169 @group | |
170 (setq bar '(1 2)) | |
171 @result{} (1 2) | |
172 @end group | |
173 @group | |
174 (setq x (vector 'foo bar)) | |
175 @result{} [foo (1 2)] | |
176 @end group | |
177 @group | |
178 (setq y (copy-sequence x)) | |
179 @result{} [foo (1 2)] | |
180 @end group | |
181 | |
182 @group | |
183 (eq x y) | |
184 @result{} nil | |
185 @end group | |
186 @group | |
187 (equal x y) | |
188 @result{} t | |
189 @end group | |
190 @group | |
191 (eq (elt x 1) (elt y 1)) | |
192 @result{} t | |
193 @end group | |
194 | |
195 @group | |
196 ;; @r{Replacing an element of one sequence.} | |
197 (aset x 0 'quux) | |
198 x @result{} [quux (1 2)] | |
199 y @result{} [foo (1 2)] | |
200 @end group | |
201 | |
202 @group | |
203 ;; @r{Modifying the inside of a shared element.} | |
204 (setcar (aref x 1) 69) | |
205 x @result{} [quux (69 2)] | |
206 y @result{} [foo (69 2)] | |
207 @end group | |
208 @end example | |
209 @end defun | |
210 | |
211 @node Arrays | |
212 @section Arrays | |
213 @cindex array | |
214 | |
7119 | 215 An @dfn{array} object has slots that hold a number of other Lisp |
6374 | 216 objects, called the elements of the array. Any element of an array may |
217 be accessed in constant time. In contrast, an element of a list | |
218 requires access time that is proportional to the position of the element | |
219 in the list. | |
220 | |
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221 Emacs defines four types of array, all one-dimensional: @dfn{strings}, |
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222 @dfn{vectors}, @dfn{bool-vectors} and @dfn{char-tables}. A vector is a |
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223 general array; its elements can be any Lisp objects. A string is a |
26254 | 224 specialized array; its elements must be characters. Each type of array |
225 has its own read syntax. | |
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226 @xref{String Type}, and @ref{Vector Type}. |
6374 | 227 |
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228 All four kinds of array share these characteristics: |
6374 | 229 |
230 @itemize @bullet | |
231 @item | |
232 The first element of an array has index zero, the second element has | |
233 index 1, and so on. This is called @dfn{zero-origin} indexing. For | |
234 example, an array of four elements has indices 0, 1, 2, @w{and 3}. | |
235 | |
236 @item | |
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237 The length of the array is fixed once you create it; you cannot |
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238 change the length of an existing array. |
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239 |
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240 @item |
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241 The array is a constant, for evaluation---in other words, it evaluates |
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242 to itself. |
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243 |
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244 @item |
6374 | 245 The elements of an array may be referenced or changed with the functions |
246 @code{aref} and @code{aset}, respectively (@pxref{Array Functions}). | |
247 @end itemize | |
248 | |
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249 When you create an array, other than a char-table, you must specify |
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250 its length. You cannot specify the length of a char-table, because that |
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251 is determined by the range of character codes. |
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252 |
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253 In principle, if you want an array of text characters, you could use |
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254 either a string or a vector. In practice, we always choose strings for |
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255 such applications, for four reasons: |
6374 | 256 |
257 @itemize @bullet | |
258 @item | |
259 They occupy one-fourth the space of a vector of the same elements. | |
260 | |
261 @item | |
262 Strings are printed in a way that shows the contents more clearly | |
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263 as text. |
6374 | 264 |
265 @item | |
266 Strings can hold text properties. @xref{Text Properties}. | |
267 | |
268 @item | |
269 Many of the specialized editing and I/O facilities of Emacs accept only | |
270 strings. For example, you cannot insert a vector of characters into a | |
271 buffer the way you can insert a string. @xref{Strings and Characters}. | |
272 @end itemize | |
273 | |
12098 | 274 By contrast, for an array of keyboard input characters (such as a key |
275 sequence), a vector may be necessary, because many keyboard input | |
276 characters are outside the range that will fit in a string. @xref{Key | |
277 Sequence Input}. | |
278 | |
6374 | 279 @node Array Functions |
280 @section Functions that Operate on Arrays | |
281 | |
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282 In this section, we describe the functions that accept all types of |
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283 arrays. |
6374 | 284 |
285 @defun arrayp object | |
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286 This function returns @code{t} if @var{object} is an array (i.e., a |
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287 vector, a string, a bool-vector or a char-table). |
6374 | 288 |
289 @example | |
290 @group | |
291 (arrayp [a]) | |
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292 @result{} t |
6374 | 293 (arrayp "asdf") |
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294 @result{} t |
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295 (arrayp (syntax-table)) ;; @r{A char-table.} |
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296 @result{} t |
6374 | 297 @end group |
298 @end example | |
299 @end defun | |
300 | |
301 @defun aref array index | |
302 @cindex array elements | |
303 This function returns the @var{index}th element of @var{array}. The | |
304 first element is at index zero. | |
305 | |
306 @example | |
307 @group | |
308 (setq primes [2 3 5 7 11 13]) | |
309 @result{} [2 3 5 7 11 13] | |
310 (aref primes 4) | |
311 @result{} 11 | |
312 @end group | |
313 @group | |
314 (aref "abcdefg" 1) | |
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315 @result{} 98 ; @r{@samp{b} is @sc{ascii} code 98.} |
6374 | 316 @end group |
317 @end example | |
318 | |
319 See also the function @code{elt}, in @ref{Sequence Functions}. | |
320 @end defun | |
321 | |
322 @defun aset array index object | |
323 This function sets the @var{index}th element of @var{array} to be | |
324 @var{object}. It returns @var{object}. | |
325 | |
326 @example | |
327 @group | |
328 (setq w [foo bar baz]) | |
329 @result{} [foo bar baz] | |
330 (aset w 0 'fu) | |
331 @result{} fu | |
332 w | |
333 @result{} [fu bar baz] | |
334 @end group | |
335 | |
336 @group | |
337 (setq x "asdfasfd") | |
338 @result{} "asdfasfd" | |
339 (aset x 3 ?Z) | |
340 @result{} 90 | |
341 x | |
342 @result{} "asdZasfd" | |
343 @end group | |
344 @end example | |
345 | |
346 If @var{array} is a string and @var{object} is not a character, a | |
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347 @code{wrong-type-argument} error results. If @var{array} is a string |
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348 and @var{object} is character, but @var{object} does not use the same |
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349 number of bytes as the character currently stored in @code{(aref |
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350 @var{object} @var{index})}, that is also an error. @xref{Splitting |
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351 Characters}. |
6374 | 352 @end defun |
353 | |
354 @defun fillarray array object | |
7119 | 355 This function fills the array @var{array} with @var{object}, so that |
356 each element of @var{array} is @var{object}. It returns @var{array}. | |
6374 | 357 |
358 @example | |
359 @group | |
360 (setq a [a b c d e f g]) | |
361 @result{} [a b c d e f g] | |
362 (fillarray a 0) | |
363 @result{} [0 0 0 0 0 0 0] | |
364 a | |
365 @result{} [0 0 0 0 0 0 0] | |
366 @end group | |
367 @group | |
368 (setq s "When in the course") | |
369 @result{} "When in the course" | |
370 (fillarray s ?-) | |
371 @result{} "------------------" | |
372 @end group | |
373 @end example | |
374 | |
375 If @var{array} is a string and @var{object} is not a character, a | |
376 @code{wrong-type-argument} error results. | |
377 @end defun | |
378 | |
379 The general sequence functions @code{copy-sequence} and @code{length} | |
380 are often useful for objects known to be arrays. @xref{Sequence Functions}. | |
381 | |
382 @node Vectors | |
383 @section Vectors | |
384 @cindex vector | |
385 | |
386 Arrays in Lisp, like arrays in most languages, are blocks of memory | |
387 whose elements can be accessed in constant time. A @dfn{vector} is a | |
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388 general-purpose array of specified length; its elements can be any Lisp |
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389 objects. (By contrast, a string can hold only characters as elements.) |
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390 Vectors in Emacs are used for obarrays (vectors of symbols), and as part |
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391 of keymaps (vectors of commands). They are also used internally as part |
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392 of the representation of a byte-compiled function; if you print such a |
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393 function, you will see a vector in it. |
6374 | 394 |
395 In Emacs Lisp, the indices of the elements of a vector start from zero | |
396 and count up from there. | |
397 | |
7119 | 398 Vectors are printed with square brackets surrounding the elements. |
399 Thus, a vector whose elements are the symbols @code{a}, @code{b} and | |
400 @code{a} is printed as @code{[a b a]}. You can write vectors in the | |
401 same way in Lisp input. | |
6374 | 402 |
403 A vector, like a string or a number, is considered a constant for | |
404 evaluation: the result of evaluating it is the same vector. This does | |
405 not evaluate or even examine the elements of the vector. | |
406 @xref{Self-Evaluating Forms}. | |
407 | |
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408 Here are examples illustrating these principles: |
6374 | 409 |
410 @example | |
411 @group | |
412 (setq avector [1 two '(three) "four" [five]]) | |
413 @result{} [1 two (quote (three)) "four" [five]] | |
414 (eval avector) | |
415 @result{} [1 two (quote (three)) "four" [five]] | |
416 (eq avector (eval avector)) | |
417 @result{} t | |
418 @end group | |
419 @end example | |
420 | |
7119 | 421 @node Vector Functions |
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422 @section Functions for Vectors |
7119 | 423 |
6374 | 424 Here are some functions that relate to vectors: |
425 | |
426 @defun vectorp object | |
427 This function returns @code{t} if @var{object} is a vector. | |
428 | |
429 @example | |
430 @group | |
431 (vectorp [a]) | |
432 @result{} t | |
433 (vectorp "asdf") | |
434 @result{} nil | |
435 @end group | |
436 @end example | |
437 @end defun | |
438 | |
439 @defun vector &rest objects | |
440 This function creates and returns a vector whose elements are the | |
441 arguments, @var{objects}. | |
442 | |
443 @example | |
444 @group | |
445 (vector 'foo 23 [bar baz] "rats") | |
446 @result{} [foo 23 [bar baz] "rats"] | |
447 (vector) | |
448 @result{} [] | |
449 @end group | |
450 @end example | |
451 @end defun | |
452 | |
453 @defun make-vector length object | |
454 This function returns a new vector consisting of @var{length} elements, | |
455 each initialized to @var{object}. | |
456 | |
457 @example | |
458 @group | |
459 (setq sleepy (make-vector 9 'Z)) | |
460 @result{} [Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z] | |
461 @end group | |
462 @end example | |
463 @end defun | |
464 | |
465 @defun vconcat &rest sequences | |
466 @cindex copying vectors | |
467 This function returns a new vector containing all the elements of the | |
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468 @var{sequences}. The arguments @var{sequences} may be any kind of |
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469 arrays, including lists, vectors, or strings. If no @var{sequences} are |
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470 given, an empty vector is returned. |
6374 | 471 |
472 The value is a newly constructed vector that is not @code{eq} to any | |
473 existing vector. | |
474 | |
475 @example | |
476 @group | |
477 (setq a (vconcat '(A B C) '(D E F))) | |
478 @result{} [A B C D E F] | |
479 (eq a (vconcat a)) | |
480 @result{} nil | |
481 @end group | |
482 @group | |
483 (vconcat) | |
484 @result{} [] | |
485 (vconcat [A B C] "aa" '(foo (6 7))) | |
486 @result{} [A B C 97 97 foo (6 7)] | |
487 @end group | |
488 @end example | |
489 | |
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490 The @code{vconcat} function also allows byte-code function objects as |
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491 arguments. This is a special feature to make it easy to access the entire |
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492 contents of a byte-code function object. @xref{Byte-Code Objects}. |
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493 |
12067 | 494 The @code{vconcat} function also allows integers as arguments. It |
495 converts them to strings of digits, making up the decimal print | |
496 representation of the integer, and then uses the strings instead of the | |
497 original integers. @strong{Don't use this feature; we plan to eliminate | |
498 it. If you already use this feature, change your programs now!} The | |
499 proper way to convert an integer to a decimal number in this way is with | |
6374 | 500 @code{format} (@pxref{Formatting Strings}) or @code{number-to-string} |
501 (@pxref{String Conversion}). | |
502 | |
503 For other concatenation functions, see @code{mapconcat} in @ref{Mapping | |
504 Functions}, @code{concat} in @ref{Creating Strings}, and @code{append} | |
505 in @ref{Building Lists}. | |
506 @end defun | |
507 | |
508 The @code{append} function provides a way to convert a vector into a | |
509 list with the same elements (@pxref{Building Lists}): | |
510 | |
511 @example | |
512 @group | |
513 (setq avector [1 two (quote (three)) "four" [five]]) | |
514 @result{} [1 two (quote (three)) "four" [five]] | |
515 (append avector nil) | |
516 @result{} (1 two (quote (three)) "four" [five]) | |
517 @end group | |
518 @end example | |
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519 |
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520 @node Char-Tables |
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521 @section Char-Tables |
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522 @cindex char-tables |
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523 @cindex extra slots of char-table |
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524 |
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525 A char-table is much like a vector, except that it is indexed by |
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526 character codes. Any valid character code, without modifiers, can be |
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527 used as an index in a char-table. You can access a char-table's |
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528 elements with @code{aref} and @code{aset}, as with any array. In |
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529 addition, a char-table can have @dfn{extra slots} to hold additional |
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530 data not associated with particular character codes. Char-tables are |
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531 constants when evaluated. |
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532 |
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533 @cindex subtype of char-table |
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534 Each char-table has a @dfn{subtype} which is a symbol. The subtype |
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535 has two purposes: to distinguish char-tables meant for different uses, |
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536 and to control the number of extra slots. For example, display tables |
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537 are char-tables with @code{display-table} as the subtype, and syntax |
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538 tables are char-tables with @code{syntax-table} as the subtype. A valid |
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539 subtype must have a @code{char-table-extra-slots} property which is an |
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540 integer between 0 and 10. This integer specifies the number of |
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541 @dfn{extra slots} in the char-table. |
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542 |
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543 @cindex parent of char-table |
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544 A char-table can have a @dfn{parent}. which is another char-table. If |
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545 it does, then whenever the char-table specifies @code{nil} for a |
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546 particular character @var{c}, it inherits the value specified in the |
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547 parent. In other words, @code{(aref @var{char-table} @var{c})} returns |
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548 the value from the parent of @var{char-table} if @var{char-table} itself |
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549 specifies @code{nil}. |
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550 |
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551 @cindex default value of char-table |
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552 A char-table can also have a @dfn{default value}. If so, then |
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553 @code{(aref @var{char-table} @var{c})} returns the default value |
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554 whenever the char-table does not specify any other non-@code{nil} value. |
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555 |
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556 @defun make-char-table subtype &optional init |
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557 @tindex make-char-table |
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558 Return a newly created char-table, with subtype @var{subtype}. Each |
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559 element is initialized to @var{init}, which defaults to @code{nil}. You |
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560 cannot alter the subtype of a char-table after the char-table is |
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561 created. |
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562 |
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563 There is no argument to specify the length of the char-table, because |
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564 all char-tables have room for any valid character code as an index. |
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565 @end defun |
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566 |
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567 @defun char-table-p object |
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568 @tindex char-table-p |
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569 This function returns @code{t} if @var{object} is a char-table, |
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570 otherwise @code{nil}. |
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571 @end defun |
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572 |
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573 @defun char-table-subtype char-table |
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574 @tindex char-table-subtype |
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575 This function returns the subtype symbol of @var{char-table}. |
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576 @end defun |
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577 |
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578 @defun set-char-table-default char-table new-default |
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579 @tindex set-char-table-default |
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580 This function sets the default value of @var{char-table} to |
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581 @var{new-default}. |
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582 |
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583 There is no special function to access the default value of a char-table. |
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584 To do that, use @code{(char-table-range @var{char-table} nil)}. |
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585 @end defun |
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586 |
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587 @defun char-table-parent char-table |
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588 @tindex char-table-parent |
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589 This function returns the parent of @var{char-table}. The parent is |
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590 always either @code{nil} or another char-table. |
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591 @end defun |
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592 |
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593 @defun set-char-table-parent char-table new-parent |
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594 @tindex set-char-table-parent |
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595 This function sets the parent of @var{char-table} to @var{new-parent}. |
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596 @end defun |
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597 |
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598 @defun char-table-extra-slot char-table n |
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599 @tindex char-table-extra-slot |
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600 This function returns the contents of extra slot @var{n} of |
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601 @var{char-table}. The number of extra slots in a char-table is |
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602 determined by its subtype. |
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603 @end defun |
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604 |
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605 @defun set-char-table-extra-slot char-table n value |
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606 @tindex set-char-table-extra-slot |
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607 This function stores @var{value} in extra slot @var{n} of |
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608 @var{char-table}. |
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609 @end defun |
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610 |
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611 A char-table can specify an element value for a single character code; |
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612 it can also specify a value for an entire character set. |
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613 |
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614 @defun char-table-range char-table range |
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615 @tindex char-table-range |
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616 This returns the value specified in @var{char-table} for a range of |
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617 characters @var{range}. Here are the possibilities for @var{range}: |
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618 |
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619 @table @asis |
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620 @item @code{nil} |
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621 Refers to the default value. |
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622 |
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623 @item @var{char} |
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624 Refers to the element for character @var{char} |
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625 (supposing @var{char} is a valid character code). |
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626 |
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627 @item @var{charset} |
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628 Refers to the value specified for the whole character set |
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629 @var{charset} (@pxref{Character Sets}). |
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630 |
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631 @item @var{generic-char} |
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632 A generic character stands for a character set; specifying the generic |
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633 character as argument is equivalent to specifying the character set |
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634 name. @xref{Splitting Characters}, for a description of generic characters. |
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635 @end table |
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636 @end defun |
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637 |
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638 @defun set-char-table-range char-table range value |
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639 @tindex set-char-table-range |
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640 This function sets the value in @var{char-table} for a range of |
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641 characters @var{range}. Here are the possibilities for @var{range}: |
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642 |
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643 @table @asis |
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644 @item @code{nil} |
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645 Refers to the default value. |
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646 |
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647 @item @code{t} |
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648 Refers to the whole range of character codes. |
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649 |
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650 @item @var{char} |
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651 Refers to the element for character @var{char} |
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652 (supposing @var{char} is a valid character code). |
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653 |
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654 @item @var{charset} |
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655 Refers to the value specified for the whole character set |
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656 @var{charset} (@pxref{Character Sets}). |
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657 |
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658 @item @var{generic-char} |
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659 A generic character stands for a character set; specifying the generic |
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660 character as argument is equivalent to specifying the character set |
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661 name. @xref{Splitting Characters}, for a description of generic characters. |
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662 @end table |
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663 @end defun |
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664 |
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665 @defun map-char-table function char-table |
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666 @tindex map-char-table |
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667 This function calls @var{function} for each element of @var{char-table}. |
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668 @var{function} is called with two arguments, a key and a value. The key |
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669 is a possible @var{range} argument for @code{char-table-range}---either |
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670 a valid character or a generic character---and the value is |
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671 @code{(char-table-range @var{char-table} @var{key})}. |
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672 |
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673 Overall, the key-value pairs passed to @var{function} describe all the |
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674 values stored in @var{char-table}. |
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675 |
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676 The return value is always @code{nil}; to make this function useful, |
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677 @var{function} should have side effects. For example, |
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678 here is how to examine each element of the syntax table: |
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679 |
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680 @example |
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681 (let (accumulator) |
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682 (map-char-table |
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683 #'(lambda (key value) |
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684 (setq accumulator |
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685 (cons (list key value) accumulator))) |
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686 (syntax-table)) |
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687 accumulator) |
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688 @result{} |
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689 ((475008 nil) (474880 nil) (474752 nil) (474624 nil) |
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690 ... (5 (3)) (4 (3)) (3 (3)) (2 (3)) (1 (3)) (0 (3))) |
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691 @end example |
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692 @end defun |
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693 |
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694 @node Bool-Vectors |
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695 @section Bool-vectors |
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696 @cindex Bool-vectors |
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697 |
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698 A bool-vector is much like a vector, except that it stores only the |
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699 values @code{t} and @code{nil}. If you try to store any non-@code{nil} |
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700 value into an element of the bool-vector, the effect is to store |
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701 @code{t} there. As with all arrays, bool-vector indices start from 0, |
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702 and the length cannot be changed once the bool-vector is created. |
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703 Bool-vectors are constants when evaluated. |
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704 |
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705 There are two special functions for working with bool-vectors; aside |
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706 from that, you manipulate them with same functions used for other kinds |
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707 of arrays. |
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708 |
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709 @defun make-bool-vector length initial |
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710 @tindex make-bool-vector |
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711 Return a new book-vector of @var{length} elements, |
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712 each one initialized to @var{initial}. |
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713 @end defun |
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714 |
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715 @defun bool-vector-p object |
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716 @tindex bool-vector-p |
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717 This returns @code{t} if @var{object} is a bool-vector, |
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718 and @code{nil} otherwise. |
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719 @end defun |
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720 |