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annotate man/cmdargs.texi @ 79421:56d25c64546c
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author | Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com> |
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date | Thu, 15 Nov 2007 22:13:17 +0000 |
parents | 346831152250 |
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25829 | 1 @c This is part of the Emacs manual. |
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2 @c Copyright (C) 1985, 1986, 1987, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1997, 2001, 2002, |
75348 | 3 @c 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
25829 | 4 @c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions. |
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5 @node Emacs Invocation, X Resources, GNU Free Documentation License, Top |
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6 @appendix Command Line Arguments for Emacs Invocation |
25829 | 7 @cindex command line arguments |
8 @cindex arguments (command line) | |
9 @cindex options (command line) | |
10 @cindex switches (command line) | |
11 @cindex startup (command line arguments) | |
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12 @cindex invocation (command line arguments) |
25829 | 13 |
14 GNU Emacs supports command line arguments to request various actions | |
15 when invoking Emacs. These are for compatibility with other editors and | |
16 for sophisticated activities. We don't recommend using them for | |
17 ordinary editing. | |
18 | |
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19 Arguments starting with @samp{-} are @dfn{options}, and so is |
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20 @samp{+@var{linenum}}. All other arguments specify files to visit. |
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21 Emacs visits the specified files while it starts up. The last file |
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22 name on your command line becomes the current buffer; the other files |
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23 are also visited in other buffers. If there are two files, they are |
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24 both displayed; otherwise the last file is displayed along with a |
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25 buffer list that shows what other buffers there are. As with most |
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26 programs, the special argument @samp{--} says that all subsequent |
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27 arguments are file names, not options, even if they start with |
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28 @samp{-}. |
25829 | 29 |
30 Emacs command options can specify many things, such as the size and | |
31 position of the X window Emacs uses, its colors, and so on. A few | |
32 options support advanced usage, such as running Lisp functions on files | |
33 in batch mode. The sections of this chapter describe the available | |
34 options, arranged according to their purpose. | |
35 | |
36 There are two ways of writing options: the short forms that start with | |
37 a single @samp{-}, and the long forms that start with @samp{--}. For | |
38 example, @samp{-d} is a short form and @samp{--display} is the | |
39 corresponding long form. | |
40 | |
41 The long forms with @samp{--} are easier to remember, but longer to | |
42 type. However, you don't have to spell out the whole option name; any | |
43 unambiguous abbreviation is enough. When a long option takes an | |
44 argument, you can use either a space or an equal sign to separate the | |
45 option name and the argument. Thus, you can write either | |
46 @samp{--display sugar-bombs:0.0} or @samp{--display=sugar-bombs:0.0}. | |
47 We recommend an equal sign because it makes the relationship clearer, | |
48 and the tables below always show an equal sign. | |
49 | |
50 @cindex initial options (command line) | |
51 @cindex action options (command line) | |
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52 @vindex command-line-args |
25829 | 53 Most options specify how to initialize Emacs, or set parameters for |
54 the Emacs session. We call them @dfn{initial options}. A few options | |
55 specify things to do: for example, load libraries, call functions, or | |
38745 | 56 terminate Emacs. These are called @dfn{action options}. These and file |
25829 | 57 names together are called @dfn{action arguments}. Emacs processes all |
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58 the action arguments in the order they are written. The @file{.emacs} file |
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59 can access the values of the action arguments as the elements of a list in |
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60 the variable @code{command-line-args}. |
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61 |
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62 |
25829 | 63 |
64 @menu | |
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65 * Action Arguments:: Arguments to visit files, load libraries, |
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66 and call functions. |
25829 | 67 * Initial Options:: Arguments that take effect while starting Emacs. |
68 * Command Example:: Examples of using command line arguments. | |
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69 * Resume Arguments:: Specifying arguments when you resume a running Emacs. |
25829 | 70 * Environment:: Environment variables that Emacs uses. |
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71 * Display X:: Changing the default display and using remote login. |
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72 * Font X:: Choosing a font for text, under X. |
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73 * Colors:: Choosing display colors. |
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74 * Window Size X:: Start-up window size, under X. |
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75 * Borders X:: Internal and external borders, under X. |
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76 * Title X:: Specifying the initial frame's title. |
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77 * Icons X:: Choosing what sort of icon to use, under X. |
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78 * Misc X:: Other display options. |
25829 | 79 @end menu |
80 | |
81 @node Action Arguments | |
82 @appendixsec Action Arguments | |
83 | |
84 Here is a table of the action arguments and options: | |
85 | |
86 @table @samp | |
87 @item @var{file} | |
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88 @opindex --file |
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89 @itemx --file=@var{file} |
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90 @opindex --find-file |
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91 @itemx --find-file=@var{file} |
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92 @opindex --visit |
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93 @itemx --visit=@var{file} |
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94 @cindex visiting files, command-line argument |
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95 @vindex inhibit-startup-buffer-menu |
25829 | 96 Visit @var{file} using @code{find-file}. @xref{Visiting}. |
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97 If you visit several files at startup in this way, Emacs |
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98 also displays a Buffer Menu buffer to show you what files it |
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99 has visited. You can inhibit that by setting @code{inhibit-startup-buffer-menu} to @code{t}. |
25829 | 100 |
101 @item +@var{linenum} @var{file} | |
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102 @opindex +@var{linenum} |
25829 | 103 Visit @var{file} using @code{find-file}, then go to line number |
104 @var{linenum} in it. | |
105 | |
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106 @item +@var{linenum}:@var{columnnum} @var{file} |
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107 Visit @var{file} using @code{find-file}, then go to line number |
38745 | 108 @var{linenum} and put point at column number @var{columnnum}. |
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109 |
25829 | 110 @need 3000 |
111 @item -l @var{file} | |
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112 @opindex -l |
25829 | 113 @itemx --load=@var{file} |
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114 @opindex --load |
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115 @cindex loading Lisp libraries, command-line argument |
25829 | 116 Load a Lisp library named @var{file} with the function @code{load}. |
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117 @xref{Lisp Libraries}. If @var{file} is not an absolute file name, |
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118 the library can be found either in the current directory, or in the |
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119 Emacs library search path as specified with @env{EMACSLOADPATH} |
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120 (@pxref{General Variables}). |
25829 | 121 |
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122 @strong{Warning:} If previous command-line arguments have visited |
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123 files, the current directory is the directory of the last file |
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124 visited. |
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125 |
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126 @item -L @var{dir} |
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127 @opindex -L |
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128 @itemx --directory=@var{dir} |
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129 @opindex --directory |
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130 Add directory @var{dir} to the variable @code{load-path}. |
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131 |
25829 | 132 @item -f @var{function} |
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133 @opindex -f |
25829 | 134 @itemx --funcall=@var{function} |
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135 @opindex --funcall |
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136 @cindex call Lisp functions, command-line argument |
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137 Call Lisp function @var{function}. If it is an interactive function |
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138 (a command), it reads the arguments interactively just as if you had |
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139 called the same function with a key sequence. Otherwise, it calls the |
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140 function with no arguments. |
25829 | 141 |
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142 @item --eval=@var{expression} |
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143 @opindex --eval |
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144 @itemx --execute=@var{expression} |
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145 @opindex --execute |
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146 @cindex evaluate expression, command-line argument |
25829 | 147 Evaluate Lisp expression @var{expression}. |
148 | |
149 @item --insert=@var{file} | |
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150 @opindex --insert |
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151 @cindex insert file contents, command-line argument |
25829 | 152 Insert the contents of @var{file} into the current buffer. This is like |
153 what @kbd{M-x insert-file} does. @xref{Misc File Ops}. | |
154 | |
155 @item --kill | |
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156 @opindex --kill |
25829 | 157 Exit from Emacs without asking for confirmation. |
158 | |
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159 @item --help |
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160 @opindex --help |
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161 Print a usage message listing all available options, then exit |
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162 successfully. |
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163 |
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164 @item --version |
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165 @opindex --version |
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166 Print Emacs version, then exit successfully. |
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167 @end table |
25829 | 168 |
169 @node Initial Options | |
170 @appendixsec Initial Options | |
171 | |
172 The initial options specify parameters for the Emacs session. This | |
173 section describes the more general initial options; some other options | |
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174 specifically related to the X Window System appear in the following |
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175 sections. |
25829 | 176 |
177 Some initial options affect the loading of init files. The normal | |
178 actions of Emacs are to first load @file{site-start.el} if it exists, | |
179 then your own init file @file{~/.emacs} if it exists, and finally | |
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180 @file{default.el} if it exists. @xref{Init File}. Certain options |
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181 prevent loading of some of these files or substitute other files for |
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182 them. |
25829 | 183 |
184 @table @samp | |
185 @item -t @var{device} | |
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186 @opindex -t |
25829 | 187 @itemx --terminal=@var{device} |
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188 @opindex --terminal |
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189 @cindex device for Emacs terminal I/O |
25829 | 190 Use @var{device} as the device for terminal input and output. |
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191 @samp{--terminal} implies @samp{--no-window-system}. |
25829 | 192 |
193 @item -d @var{display} | |
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194 @opindex -d |
25829 | 195 @itemx --display=@var{display} |
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196 @opindex --display |
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197 @cindex display for Emacs frame |
25829 | 198 Use the X Window System and use the display named @var{display} to open |
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199 the initial Emacs frame. @xref{Display X}, for more details. |
25829 | 200 |
201 @item -nw | |
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202 @opindex -nw |
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203 @itemx --no-window-system |
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204 @opindex --no-window-system |
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205 @cindex disable window system |
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206 Don't communicate directly with the window system, disregarding the |
40652 | 207 @env{DISPLAY} environment variable even if it is set. This means that |
208 Emacs uses the terminal from which it was launched for all its display | |
209 and input. | |
25829 | 210 |
211 @need 3000 | |
212 @cindex batch mode | |
213 @item -batch | |
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214 @opindex --batch |
25829 | 215 @itemx --batch |
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216 Run Emacs in @dfn{batch mode}. Batch mode is used for running |
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217 programs written in Emacs Lisp from shell scripts, makefiles, and so |
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218 on. You should also use the @samp{-l}, @samp{-f} or @samp{--eval} |
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219 option, to invoke a Lisp program to do batch processing. |
25829 | 220 |
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221 In batch mode, Emacs does not display the text being edited, and the |
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222 standard terminal interrupt characters such as @kbd{C-z} and @kbd{C-c} |
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223 continue to have their normal effect. The functions @code{prin1}, |
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224 @code{princ} and @code{print} output to @code{stdout} instead of the |
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225 echo area, while @code{message} and error messages output to |
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226 @code{stderr}. Functions that would normally read from the minibuffer |
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227 take their input from @code{stdin} instead. |
25829 | 228 |
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229 @samp{--batch} implies @samp{-q} (do not load an init file), but |
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230 @file{site-start.el} is loaded nonetheless. It also causes Emacs to |
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231 exit after processing all the command options. In addition, it |
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232 disables auto-saving except in buffers for which it has been |
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233 explicitly requested. |
25829 | 234 |
47323 | 235 @item --script @var{file} |
236 @opindex --script | |
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237 @cindex script mode |
47323 | 238 Run Emacs in batch mode, like @samp{--batch}, and then read and |
239 execute the Lisp code in @var{file}. | |
240 | |
241 The normal use of this option is in executable script files that run | |
242 Emacs. They can start with this text on the first line | |
243 | |
244 @example | |
245 #!/usr/bin/emacs --script | |
246 @end example | |
247 | |
248 @noindent | |
249 which will invoke Emacs with @samp{--script} and supply the name of | |
250 the script file as @var{file}. Emacs Lisp then treats @samp{#!} as a | |
251 comment delimiter. | |
252 | |
25829 | 253 @item -q |
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254 @opindex -q |
25829 | 255 @itemx --no-init-file |
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256 @opindex --no-init-file |
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257 @cindex bypassing init and @file{default.el} file |
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258 @cindex init file, not loading |
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259 @cindex @file{default.el} file, not loading |
25829 | 260 Do not load your Emacs init file @file{~/.emacs}, or @file{default.el} |
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261 either. Regardless of this switch, @file{site-start.el} is still loaded. |
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262 When invoked like this, Emacs does not allow saving options |
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263 changed with the @kbd{M-x customize} command and its variants. |
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264 @xref{Easy Customization}. |
25829 | 265 |
266 @item --no-site-file | |
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267 @opindex --no-site-file |
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268 @cindex @file{site-start.el} file, not loading |
25829 | 269 Do not load @file{site-start.el}. The options @samp{-q}, @samp{-u} |
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270 and @samp{--batch} have no effect on the loading of this file---this |
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271 option and @samp{-Q} are the only options that block it. |
25829 | 272 |
54899 | 273 @item -Q |
274 @opindex -Q | |
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275 @itemx --quick |
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276 @opindex --quick |
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277 Start emacs with minimum customizations. This is like using @samp{-q} |
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278 and @samp{--no-site-file}, but also disables the startup screen. |
54899 | 279 |
45532 | 280 @item --no-splash |
281 @opindex --no-splash | |
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282 @vindex inhibit-splash-screen |
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283 @cindex splash screen |
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284 @cindex startup message |
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285 Do not display a splash screen on startup. You can also achieve this |
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286 effect by setting the variable @code{inhibit-splash-screen} to |
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287 non-@code{nil} in you personal init file (but @emph{not} in |
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288 @file{site-start.el}). (This variable was called |
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289 @code{inhibit-startup-message} in previous Emacs versions.) |
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290 |
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291 @item --no-desktop |
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292 @opindex --no-desktop |
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293 Do not reload any saved desktop. @xref{Saving Emacs Sessions}. |
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294 |
25829 | 295 @item -u @var{user} |
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296 @opindex -u |
25829 | 297 @itemx --user=@var{user} |
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298 @opindex --user |
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299 @cindex load init file of another user |
25829 | 300 Load @var{user}'s Emacs init file @file{~@var{user}/.emacs} instead of |
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301 your own@footnote{ |
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302 This option has no effect on MS-Windows.}. |
25829 | 303 |
304 @item --debug-init | |
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305 @opindex --debug-init |
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306 @cindex errors in init file |
25829 | 307 Enable the Emacs Lisp debugger for errors in the init file. |
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308 @xref{Error Debugging,, Entering the Debugger on an Error, elisp, The |
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309 GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual}. |
25829 | 310 |
311 @item --unibyte | |
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312 @opindex --unibyte |
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313 @itemx --no-multibyte |
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314 @opindex --no-multibyte |
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315 @cindex unibyte operation, command-line argument |
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316 Do almost everything with single-byte buffers and strings. |
25829 | 317 All buffers and strings are unibyte unless you (or a Lisp program) |
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318 explicitly ask for a multibyte buffer or string. (Note that Emacs |
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319 always loads Lisp files in multibyte mode, even if @samp{--unibyte} is |
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320 specified; see @ref{Enabling Multibyte}.) Setting the environment |
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321 variable @env{EMACS_UNIBYTE} has the same effect |
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322 (@pxref{General Variables}). |
25829 | 323 |
324 @item --multibyte | |
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325 @opindex --multibyte |
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326 @itemx --no-unibyte |
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327 @opindex --no-unibyte |
29107 | 328 Inhibit the effect of @env{EMACS_UNIBYTE}, so that Emacs |
25829 | 329 uses multibyte characters by default, as usual. |
330 @end table | |
331 | |
332 @node Command Example | |
333 @appendixsec Command Argument Example | |
334 | |
335 Here is an example of using Emacs with arguments and options. It | |
336 assumes you have a Lisp program file called @file{hack-c.el} which, when | |
337 loaded, performs some useful operation on the current buffer, expected | |
338 to be a C program. | |
339 | |
340 @example | |
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341 emacs --batch foo.c -l hack-c -f save-buffer >& log |
25829 | 342 @end example |
343 | |
344 @noindent | |
345 This says to visit @file{foo.c}, load @file{hack-c.el} (which makes | |
346 changes in the visited file), save @file{foo.c} (note that | |
347 @code{save-buffer} is the function that @kbd{C-x C-s} is bound to), and | |
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348 then exit back to the shell (because of @samp{--batch}). @samp{--batch} |
25829 | 349 also guarantees there will be no problem redirecting output to |
350 @file{log}, because Emacs will not assume that it has a display terminal | |
351 to work with. | |
352 | |
353 @node Resume Arguments | |
354 @appendixsec Resuming Emacs with Arguments | |
355 | |
356 You can specify action arguments for Emacs when you resume it after | |
357 a suspension. To prepare for this, put the following code in your | |
358 @file{.emacs} file (@pxref{Hooks}): | |
359 | |
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360 @c `resume-suspend-hook' is correct. It is the name of a function. |
25829 | 361 @example |
362 (add-hook 'suspend-hook 'resume-suspend-hook) | |
363 (add-hook 'suspend-resume-hook 'resume-process-args) | |
364 @end example | |
365 | |
366 As further preparation, you must execute the shell script | |
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367 @file{emacs.csh} (if you use csh as your shell) or @file{emacs.bash} |
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368 (if you use bash as your shell). These scripts define an alias named |
25829 | 369 @code{edit}, which will resume Emacs giving it new command line |
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370 arguments such as files to visit. The scripts are found in the |
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371 @file{etc} subdirectory of the Emacs distribution. |
25829 | 372 |
373 Only action arguments work properly when you resume Emacs. Initial | |
374 arguments are not recognized---it's too late to execute them anyway. | |
375 | |
376 Note that resuming Emacs (with or without arguments) must be done from | |
377 within the shell that is the parent of the Emacs job. This is why | |
378 @code{edit} is an alias rather than a program or a shell script. It is | |
379 not possible to implement a resumption command that could be run from | |
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380 other subjobs of the shell; there is no way to define a command that could |
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381 be made the value of @env{EDITOR}, for example. Therefore, this feature |
25829 | 382 does not take the place of the Emacs Server feature (@pxref{Emacs |
383 Server}). | |
384 | |
385 The aliases use the Emacs Server feature if you appear to have a | |
386 server Emacs running. However, they cannot determine this with complete | |
387 accuracy. They may think that a server is still running when in | |
388 actuality you have killed that Emacs, because the file | |
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389 @file{/tmp/esrv@dots{}} still exists. If this happens, find that |
25829 | 390 file and delete it. |
391 | |
392 @node Environment | |
393 @appendixsec Environment Variables | |
394 @cindex environment variables | |
395 | |
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396 The @dfn{environment} is a feature of the operating system; it |
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397 consists of a collection of variables with names and values. Each |
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398 variable is called an @dfn{environment variable}; environment variable |
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399 names are case-sensitive, and it is conventional to use upper case |
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400 letters only. The values are all text strings. |
25829 | 401 |
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402 What makes the environment useful is that subprocesses inherit the |
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403 environment automatically from their parent process. This means you |
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404 can set up an environment variable in your login shell, and all the |
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405 programs you run (including Emacs) will automatically see it. |
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406 Subprocesses of Emacs (such as shells, compilers, and version-control |
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407 software) inherit the environment from Emacs, too. |
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408 |
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409 @findex setenv |
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410 @findex getenv |
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411 Inside Emacs, the command @kbd{M-x getenv} gets the value of an |
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412 environment variable. @kbd{M-x setenv} sets a variable in the Emacs |
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413 environment. (Environment variable substitutions with @samp{$} work |
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414 in the value just as in file names; see @ref{File Names with $}.) |
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415 |
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416 The way to set environment variables outside of Emacs depends on the |
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417 operating system, and especially the shell that you are using. For |
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418 example, here's how to set the environment variable @env{ORGANIZATION} |
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419 to @samp{not very much} using Bash: |
25829 | 420 |
421 @example | |
422 export ORGANIZATION="not very much" | |
423 @end example | |
424 | |
425 @noindent | |
426 and here's how to do it in csh or tcsh: | |
427 | |
428 @example | |
429 setenv ORGANIZATION "not very much" | |
430 @end example | |
431 | |
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432 When Emacs is using the X Window System, various environment |
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433 variables that control X work for Emacs as well. See the X |
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434 documentation for more information. |
25829 | 435 |
436 @menu | |
437 * General Variables:: Environment variables that all versions of Emacs use. | |
438 * Misc Variables:: Certain system-specific variables. | |
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439 * MS-Windows Registry:: An alternative to the environment on MS-Windows. |
25829 | 440 @end menu |
441 | |
442 @node General Variables | |
443 @appendixsubsec General Variables | |
444 | |
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445 Here is an alphabetical list of specific environment variables that |
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446 have special meanings in Emacs, giving the name of each variable and |
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447 its meaning. Most of these variables are also used by some other |
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448 programs. Emacs does not require any of these environment variables |
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449 to be set, but it uses their values if they are set. |
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450 |
29107 | 451 @table @env |
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452 @item CDPATH |
25829 | 453 Used by the @code{cd} command to search for the directory you specify, |
454 when you specify a relative directory name. | |
455 @item EMACS_UNIBYTE | |
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456 @cindex unibyte operation, environment variable |
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457 Defining this environment variable with a nonempty value directs Emacs |
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458 to do almost everything with single-byte buffers and strings. It is |
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459 equivalent to using the @samp{--unibyte} command-line option on each |
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460 invocation. @xref{Initial Options}. |
25829 | 461 @item EMACSDATA |
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462 Directory for the architecture-independent files that come with Emacs. |
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463 This is used to initialize the Lisp variable @code{data-directory}. |
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464 @item EMACSDOC |
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465 Directory for the documentation string file, |
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466 @file{DOC-@var{emacsversion}}. This is used to initialize the Lisp |
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467 variable @code{doc-directory}. |
25829 | 468 @item EMACSLOADPATH |
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469 A colon-separated list of directories@footnote{ |
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470 Here and below, whenever we say ``colon-separated list of directories,'' |
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471 it pertains to Unix and GNU/Linux systems. On MS-DOS and MS-Windows, |
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472 the directories are separated by semi-colons instead, since DOS/Windows |
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473 file names might include a colon after a drive letter.} |
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474 to search for Emacs Lisp files---used to initialize @code{load-path}. |
25829 | 475 @item EMACSPATH |
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476 A colon-separated list of directories to search for executable |
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477 files---used to initialize @code{exec-path}. |
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478 @item EMAIL |
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479 @vindex user-mail-address@r{, initialization} |
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480 Your email address; used to initialize the Lisp variable |
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481 @code{user-mail-address}, which the Emacs mail interface puts into |
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482 the @samp{From} header of outgoing messages (@pxref{Mail Headers}). |
25829 | 483 @item ESHELL |
29107 | 484 Used for shell-mode to override the @env{SHELL} environment variable. |
25829 | 485 @item HISTFILE |
486 The name of the file that shell commands are saved in between logins. | |
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487 This variable defaults to @file{~/.bash_history} if you use Bash, to |
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488 @file{~/.sh_history} if you use ksh, and to @file{~/.history} |
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489 otherwise. |
25829 | 490 @item HOME |
68687 | 491 The location of your files in the directory tree; used for |
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492 expansion of file names starting with a tilde (@file{~}). On MS-DOS, |
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493 it defaults to the directory from which Emacs was started, with |
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494 @samp{/bin} removed from the end if it was present. On Windows, the |
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495 default value of @env{HOME} is the @file{Application Data} |
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496 subdirectory of the user profile directory (normally, this is |
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497 @file{C:/Documents and Settings/@var{username}/Application Data}, |
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498 where @var{username} is your user name), though for backwards |
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499 compatibility @file{C:/} will be used instead if a @file{.emacs} file |
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500 is found there. |
25829 | 501 @item HOSTNAME |
502 The name of the machine that Emacs is running on. | |
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503 @item INCPATH |
25829 | 504 A colon-separated list of directories. Used by the @code{complete} package |
505 to search for files. | |
506 @item INFOPATH | |
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507 A colon-separated list of directories in which to search for Info files. |
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508 @item LC_ALL |
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509 @itemx LC_COLLATE |
25829 | 510 @itemx LC_CTYPE |
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511 @itemx LC_MESSAGES |
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512 @itemx LC_MONETARY |
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513 @itemx LC_NUMERIC |
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514 @itemx LC_TIME |
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515 @itemx LANG |
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516 The user's preferred locale. The locale has six categories, specified |
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517 by the environment variables @env{LC_COLLATE} for sorting, |
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518 @env{LC_CTYPE} for character encoding, @env{LC_MESSAGES} for system |
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519 messages, @env{LC_MONETARY} for monetary formats, @env{LC_NUMERIC} for |
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520 numbers, and @env{LC_TIME} for dates and times. If one of these |
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521 variables is not set, the category defaults to the value of the |
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522 @env{LANG} environment variable, or to the default @samp{C} locale if |
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523 @env{LANG} is not set. But if @env{LC_ALL} is specified, it overrides |
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524 the settings of all the other locale environment variables. |
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525 |
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526 On MS-Windows, if @env{LANG} is not already set in the environment |
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527 when Emacs starts, Emacs sets it based on the system-wide default |
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528 language, which you can set in the @samp{Regional Settings} Control Panel |
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529 on some versions of MS-Windows. |
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530 |
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531 The value of the @env{LC_CTYPE} category is |
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532 matched against entries in @code{locale-language-names}, |
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533 @code{locale-charset-language-names}, and |
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534 @code{locale-preferred-coding-systems}, to select a default language |
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535 environment and coding system. @xref{Language Environments}. |
25829 | 536 @item LOGNAME |
29107 | 537 The user's login name. See also @env{USER}. |
25829 | 538 @item MAIL |
68687 | 539 The name of your system mail inbox. |
25829 | 540 @item MH |
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541 Name of setup file for the mh system. (The default is @file{~/.mh_profile}.) |
25829 | 542 @item NAME |
68687 | 543 Your real-world name. |
25829 | 544 @item NNTPSERVER |
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545 The name of the news server. Used by the mh and Gnus packages. |
25829 | 546 @item ORGANIZATION |
547 The name of the organization to which you belong. Used for setting the | |
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548 `Organization:' header in your posts from the Gnus package. |
25829 | 549 @item PATH |
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550 A colon-separated list of directories in which executables reside. This |
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551 is used to initialize the Emacs Lisp variable @code{exec-path}. |
25829 | 552 @item PWD |
553 If set, this should be the default directory when Emacs was started. | |
554 @item REPLYTO | |
555 If set, this specifies an initial value for the variable | |
556 @code{mail-default-reply-to}. @xref{Mail Headers}. | |
557 @item SAVEDIR | |
558 The name of a directory in which news articles are saved by default. | |
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559 Used by the Gnus package. |
25829 | 560 @item SHELL |
561 The name of an interpreter used to parse and execute programs run from | |
562 inside Emacs. | |
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563 @item SMTPSERVER |
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564 The name of the outgoing mail server. Used by the SMTP library |
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565 (@pxref{Top,,,smtpmail,Sending mail via SMTP}). |
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566 @cindex background mode, on @command{xterm} |
25829 | 567 @item TERM |
38745 | 568 The type of the terminal that Emacs is using. This variable must be |
25829 | 569 set unless Emacs is run in batch mode. On MS-DOS, it defaults to |
570 @samp{internal}, which specifies a built-in terminal emulation that | |
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571 handles the machine's own display. If the value of @env{TERM} indicates |
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572 that Emacs runs in non-windowed mode from @command{xterm} or a similar |
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573 terminal emulator, the background mode defaults to @samp{light}, and |
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574 Emacs will choose colors that are appropriate for a light background. |
25829 | 575 @item TERMCAP |
576 The name of the termcap library file describing how to program the | |
29107 | 577 terminal specified by the @env{TERM} variable. This defaults to |
25829 | 578 @file{/etc/termcap}. |
579 @item TMPDIR | |
580 Used by the Emerge package as a prefix for temporary files. | |
581 @item TZ | |
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582 This specifies the current time zone and possibly also daylight |
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583 saving time information. On MS-DOS, if @env{TZ} is not set in the |
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584 environment when Emacs starts, Emacs defines a default value as |
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585 appropriate for the country code returned by DOS. On MS-Windows, Emacs |
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586 does not use @env{TZ} at all. |
25829 | 587 @item USER |
29107 | 588 The user's login name. See also @env{LOGNAME}. On MS-DOS, this |
25829 | 589 defaults to @samp{root}. |
590 @item VERSION_CONTROL | |
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591 Used to initialize the @code{version-control} variable (@pxref{Numbered Backups}). |
25829 | 592 @end table |
593 | |
594 @node Misc Variables | |
595 @appendixsubsec Miscellaneous Variables | |
596 | |
597 These variables are used only on particular configurations: | |
598 | |
29107 | 599 @table @env |
25829 | 600 @item COMSPEC |
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601 On MS-DOS and MS-Windows, the name of the command interpreter to use |
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602 when invoking batch files and commands internal to the shell. On MS-DOS |
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603 this is also used to make a default value for the @env{SHELL} environment |
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604 variable. |
25829 | 605 |
606 @item NAME | |
29107 | 607 On MS-DOS, this variable defaults to the value of the @env{USER} |
25829 | 608 variable. |
609 | |
610 @item TEMP | |
611 @itemx TMP | |
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612 On MS-DOS and MS-Windows, these specify the name of the directory for |
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613 storing temporary files in. |
25829 | 614 |
615 @item EMACSTEST | |
616 On MS-DOS, this specifies a file to use to log the operation of the | |
617 internal terminal emulator. This feature is useful for submitting bug | |
618 reports. | |
619 | |
620 @item EMACSCOLORS | |
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621 On MS-DOS, this specifies the screen colors. It is useful to set them |
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622 this way, since otherwise Emacs would display the default colors |
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623 momentarily when it starts up. |
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624 |
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625 The value of this variable should be the two-character encoding of the |
25829 | 626 foreground (the first character) and the background (the second |
627 character) colors of the default face. Each character should be the | |
628 hexadecimal code for the desired color on a standard PC text-mode | |
39267 | 629 display. For example, to get blue text on a light gray background, |
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630 specify @samp{EMACSCOLORS=17}, since 1 is the code of the blue color and |
39267 | 631 7 is the code of the light gray color. |
25829 | 632 |
633 The PC display usually supports only eight background colors. However, | |
634 Emacs switches the DOS display to a mode where all 16 colors can be used | |
635 for the background, so all four bits of the background color are | |
636 actually used. | |
637 | |
638 @item WINDOW_GFX | |
639 Used when initializing the Sun windows system. | |
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640 |
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641 @item PRELOAD_WINSOCK |
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642 On MS-Windows, if you set this variable, Emacs will load and initialize |
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643 the network library at startup, instead of waiting until the first |
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644 time it is required. |
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645 |
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646 @item emacs_dir |
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647 On MS-Windows, @env{emacs_dir} is a special environment variable, which |
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648 indicates the full path of the directory in which Emacs is installed. |
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649 If Emacs is installed in the standard directory structure, it |
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650 calculates this value automatically. It is not much use setting this |
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651 variable yourself unless your installation is non-standard, since |
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652 unlike other environment variables, it will be overridden by Emacs at |
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653 startup. When setting other environment variables, such as |
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654 @env{EMACSLOADPATH}, you may find it useful to use @env{emacs_dir} |
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655 rather than hard-coding an absolute path. This allows multiple |
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656 versions of Emacs to share the same environment variable settings, and |
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657 it allows you to move the Emacs installation directory, without |
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658 changing any environment or registry settings. |
25829 | 659 @end table |
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660 |
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661 @node MS-Windows Registry |
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662 @appendixsubsec The MS-Windows System Registry |
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663 @pindex addpm, MS-Windows installation program |
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664 @cindex registry, setting environment variables and resources on MS-Windows |
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665 |
71593 | 666 Under MS-Windows, the installation program @command{addpm.exe} adds |
667 values for @env{emacs_dir}, @env{EMACSLOADPATH}, @env{EMACSDATA}, | |
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668 @env{EMACSPATH}, @env{EMACSDOC}, @env{SHELL} and @env{TERM} to the |
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669 @file{HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE} section of the system registry, under |
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670 @file{/Software/GNU/Emacs}. It does this because there is no standard |
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671 place to set environment variables across different versions of |
71593 | 672 Windows. Running @command{addpm.exe} is no longer strictly necessary |
673 in recent versions of Emacs, but if you are upgrading from an older | |
674 version, running @command{addpm.exe} ensures that you do not have | |
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675 older registry entries from a previous installation, which may not be |
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676 compatible with the latest version of Emacs. |
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677 |
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678 When Emacs starts, as well as checking the environment, it also checks |
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679 the System Registry for those variables and for @env{HOME}, @env{LANG} |
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680 and @env{PRELOAD_WINSOCK}. |
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681 |
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682 To determine the value of those variables, Emacs goes through the |
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683 following procedure. First, the environment is checked. If the |
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684 variable is not found there, Emacs looks for registry keys by that |
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685 name under @file{/Software/GNU/Emacs}; first in the |
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686 @file{HKEY_CURRENT_USER} section of the registry, and if not found |
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687 there, in the @file{HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE} section. Finally, if Emacs |
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688 still cannot determine the values, compiled-in defaults are used. |
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689 |
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690 In addition to the environment variables above, you can also add many |
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691 of the settings which on X belong in the @file{.Xdefaults} file |
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692 (@pxref{X Resources}) to the @file{/Software/GNU/Emacs} registry key. |
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693 Settings you add to the @file{HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE} section will affect |
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694 all users of the machine. Settings you add to the |
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695 @file{HKEY_CURRENT_USER} section will only affect you, and will |
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696 override machine wide settings. |
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697 |
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698 @node Display X |
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699 @appendixsec Specifying the Display Name |
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700 @cindex display name (X Window System) |
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701 @cindex @env{DISPLAY} environment variable |
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702 |
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703 The environment variable @env{DISPLAY} tells all X clients, including |
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704 Emacs, where to display their windows. Its value is set by default |
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705 in ordinary circumstances, when you start an X server and run jobs |
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706 locally. Occasionally you may need to specify the display yourself; for |
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707 example, if you do a remote login and want to run a client program |
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708 remotely, displaying on your local screen. |
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709 |
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710 With Emacs, the main reason people change the default display is to |
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711 let them log into another system, run Emacs on that system, but have the |
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712 window displayed at their local terminal. You might need to log in |
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713 to another system because the files you want to edit are there, or |
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714 because the Emacs executable file you want to run is there. |
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715 |
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716 The syntax of the @env{DISPLAY} environment variable is |
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717 @samp{@var{host}:@var{display}.@var{screen}}, where @var{host} is the |
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718 host name of the X Window System server machine, @var{display} is an |
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719 arbitrarily-assigned number that distinguishes your server (X terminal) |
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720 from other servers on the same machine, and @var{screen} is a |
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721 rarely-used field that allows an X server to control multiple terminal |
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722 screens. The period and the @var{screen} field are optional. If |
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723 included, @var{screen} is usually zero. |
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724 |
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725 For example, if your host is named @samp{glasperle} and your server is |
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726 the first (or perhaps the only) server listed in the configuration, your |
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727 @env{DISPLAY} is @samp{glasperle:0.0}. |
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728 |
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729 You can specify the display name explicitly when you run Emacs, either |
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730 by changing the @env{DISPLAY} variable, or with the option @samp{-d |
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731 @var{display}} or @samp{--display=@var{display}}. Here is an example: |
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732 |
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733 @smallexample |
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734 emacs --display=glasperle:0 & |
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735 @end smallexample |
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736 |
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737 You can inhibit the direct use of the window system and GUI with the |
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738 @samp{-nw} option. It tells Emacs to display using ordinary @acronym{ASCII} on |
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739 its controlling terminal. This is also an initial option. |
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740 |
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741 Sometimes, security arrangements prevent a program on a remote system |
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742 from displaying on your local system. In this case, trying to run Emacs |
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743 produces messages like this: |
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744 |
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745 @smallexample |
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746 Xlib: connection to "glasperle:0.0" refused by server |
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747 @end smallexample |
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748 |
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749 @noindent |
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750 You might be able to overcome this problem by using the @command{xhost} |
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751 command on the local system to give permission for access from your |
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752 remote machine. |
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753 |
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754 @node Font X |
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755 @appendixsec Font Specification Options |
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756 @cindex font name (X Window System) |
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757 |
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758 By default, Emacs displays text in a twelve point Courier font (when |
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759 using X). You can specify a different font on your command line |
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760 through the option @samp{-fn @var{name}} (or @samp{--font}, which is |
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761 an alias for @samp{-fn}). |
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762 |
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763 @table @samp |
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764 @item -fn @var{name} |
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765 @opindex -fn |
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766 @itemx --font=@var{name} |
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767 @opindex --font |
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768 @cindex specify default font from the command line |
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769 Use font @var{name} as the default font. |
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770 @end table |
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771 |
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772 Under X, each font has a long name which consists of fourteen words |
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773 or numbers, separated by dashes. Some fonts also have shorter |
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774 nicknames. For instance, @samp{9x15} is such a nickname. This font |
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775 makes each character nine pixels wide and fifteen pixels high. You |
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776 can use either kind of name. Case is insignificant in both kinds. |
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777 You can use wildcard patterns for the font name; then Emacs lets X |
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778 choose one of the fonts that match the pattern. The wildcard |
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779 character @samp{*} matches any sequence of characters (including none) |
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780 and @samp{?} matches any single character. However, matching is |
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781 implementation-dependent, and can be inaccurate when wildcards match |
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782 dashes in a long name. For reliable results, supply all 14 dashes and |
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783 use wildcards only within a field. Here is an example, which happens |
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784 to specify the font whose nickname is @samp{6x13}: |
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785 |
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786 @smallexample |
44326 | 787 emacs -fn \ |
788 "-misc-fixed-medium-r-semicondensed--13-*-*-*-c-60-iso8859-1" & | |
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789 @end smallexample |
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790 |
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791 @noindent |
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792 You can also specify the font in your @file{.Xdefaults} file: |
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793 |
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794 @smallexample |
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795 emacs.font: -misc-fixed-medium-r-semicondensed--13-*-*-*-c-60-iso8859-1 |
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796 @end smallexample |
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797 |
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798 Note that if you use a wildcard pattern on the command line, you |
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799 need to enclose it in single or double quotes, to prevent the shell |
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800 from accidentally expanding it into a list of file names. On the |
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801 other hand, you should not quote the name in the @file{.Xdefaults} |
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802 file. |
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803 |
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804 The default font used by Emacs (under X) is: |
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805 |
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806 @smallexample |
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807 -adobe-courier-medium-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-iso8859-1 |
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808 @end smallexample |
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809 |
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810 A long font name has the following form: |
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811 |
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812 @smallexample |
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813 -@var{maker}-@var{family}-@var{weight}-@var{slant}-@var{widthtype}-@var{style}@dots{} |
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814 @dots{}-@var{pixels}-@var{height}-@var{horiz}-@var{vert}-@var{spacing}-@var{width}-@var{registry}-@var{encoding} |
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815 @end smallexample |
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816 |
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817 @table @var |
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818 @item maker |
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819 This is the name of the font manufacturer. |
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820 @item family |
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821 This is the name of the font family---for example, @samp{courier}. |
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822 @item weight |
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823 This is normally @samp{bold}, @samp{medium} or @samp{light}. Other |
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824 words may appear here in some font names. |
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825 @item slant |
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826 This is @samp{r} (roman), @samp{i} (italic), @samp{o} (oblique), |
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827 @samp{ri} (reverse italic), or @samp{ot} (other). |
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828 @item widthtype |
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829 This is normally @samp{condensed}, @samp{extended}, @samp{semicondensed} |
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830 or @samp{normal}. Other words may appear here in some font names. |
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831 @item style |
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832 This is an optional additional style name. Usually it is empty---most |
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833 long font names have two hyphens in a row at this point. |
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834 @item pixels |
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835 This is the font height, in pixels. |
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836 @item height |
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837 This is the font height on the screen, measured in tenths of a printer's |
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838 point---approximately 1/720 of an inch. In other words, it is the point |
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839 size of the font, times ten. For a given vertical resolution, |
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840 @var{height} and @var{pixels} are proportional; therefore, it is common |
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841 to specify just one of them and use @samp{*} for the other. |
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842 @item horiz |
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843 This is the horizontal resolution, in pixels per inch, of the screen for |
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844 which the font is intended. |
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845 @item vert |
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846 This is the vertical resolution, in pixels per inch, of the screen for |
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847 which the font is intended. Normally the resolution of the fonts on |
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848 your system is the right value for your screen; therefore, you normally |
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849 specify @samp{*} for this and @var{horiz}. |
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850 @item spacing |
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851 This is @samp{m} (monospace), @samp{p} (proportional) or @samp{c} |
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852 (character cell). |
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853 @item width |
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854 This is the average character width, in pixels, multiplied by ten. |
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855 @item registry |
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856 @itemx encoding |
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857 These together make up the X font character set that the font depicts. |
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858 (X font character sets are not the same as Emacs charsets, but they |
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859 are solutions for the same problem.) You can use the |
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860 @command{xfontsel} program to check which choices you have. However, |
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861 normally you should use @samp{iso8859} for @var{registry} and @samp{1} |
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862 for @var{encoding}. |
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863 @end table |
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864 |
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865 @cindex listing system fonts |
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866 You will probably want to use a fixed-width default font---that is, |
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867 a font in which all characters have the same width. Any font with |
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868 @samp{m} or @samp{c} in the @var{spacing} field of the long name is a |
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869 fixed-width font. Here's how to use the @command{xlsfonts} program to |
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870 list all the fixed-width fonts available on your system: |
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871 |
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872 @example |
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873 xlsfonts -fn '*x*' | egrep "^[0-9]+x[0-9]+" |
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874 xlsfonts -fn '*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-m*' |
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875 xlsfonts -fn '*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-c*' |
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876 @end example |
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877 |
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878 @noindent |
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879 To see what a particular font looks like, use the @command{xfd} command. |
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880 For example: |
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881 |
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882 @example |
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883 xfd -fn 6x13 |
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884 @end example |
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885 |
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886 @noindent |
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887 displays the entire font @samp{6x13}. |
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888 |
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889 While running Emacs, you can set the font of the current frame |
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890 (@pxref{Frame Parameters}) or for a specific kind of text |
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891 (@pxref{Faces}). |
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892 |
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893 @node Colors |
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894 @appendixsec Window Color Options |
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895 @cindex color of window, from command line |
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896 @cindex text colors, from command line |
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897 |
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898 @findex list-colors-display |
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899 @cindex available colors |
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900 On a color display, you can specify which color to use for various |
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901 parts of the Emacs display. To find out what colors are available on |
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902 your system, type @kbd{M-x list-colors-display}, or press |
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903 @kbd{C-Mouse-2} and select @samp{Display Colors} from the pop-up menu. |
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904 (A particular window system might support many more colors, but the |
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905 list displayed by @code{list-colors-display} shows their portable |
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906 subset that can be safely used on any display supported by Emacs.) |
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907 If you do not specify colors, on windowed displays the default for the |
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908 background is white and the default for all other colors is black. On a |
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909 monochrome display, the foreground is black, the background is white, |
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910 and the border is gray if the display supports that. On terminals, the |
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911 background is usually black and the foreground is white. |
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912 |
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913 Here is a list of the command-line options for specifying colors: |
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914 |
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915 @table @samp |
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916 @item -fg @var{color} |
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917 @opindex -fg |
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918 @itemx --foreground-color=@var{color} |
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919 @opindex --foreground-color |
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920 @cindex foreground color, command-line argument |
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921 Specify the foreground color. @var{color} should be a standard color |
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922 name, or a numeric specification of the color's red, green, and blue |
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923 components as in @samp{#4682B4} or @samp{RGB:46/82/B4}. |
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924 @item -bg @var{color} |
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925 @opindex -bg |
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926 @itemx --background-color=@var{color} |
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|
927 @opindex --background-color |
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928 @cindex background color, command-line argument |
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|
929 Specify the background color. |
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930 @item -bd @var{color} |
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931 @opindex -bd |
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932 @itemx --border-color=@var{color} |
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933 @opindex --border-color |
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934 @cindex border color, command-line argument |
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935 Specify the color of the border of the X window. |
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936 @item -cr @var{color} |
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937 @opindex -cr |
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938 @itemx --cursor-color=@var{color} |
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939 @opindex --cursor-color |
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940 @cindex cursor color, command-line argument |
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941 Specify the color of the Emacs cursor which indicates where point is. |
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942 @item -ms @var{color} |
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943 @opindex -ms |
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944 @itemx --mouse-color=@var{color} |
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945 @opindex --mouse-color |
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946 @cindex mouse pointer color, command-line argument |
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947 Specify the color for the mouse cursor when the mouse is in the Emacs window. |
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948 @item -r |
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949 @opindex -r |
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950 @itemx -rv |
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951 @opindex -rv |
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952 @itemx --reverse-video |
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953 @opindex --reverse-video |
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954 @cindex reverse video, command-line argument |
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955 Reverse video---swap the foreground and background colors. |
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956 @item --color=@var{mode} |
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957 @opindex --color |
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958 @cindex standard colors on a character terminal |
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959 @cindex override character terminal color support |
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960 For a character terminal only, specify the mode of color support. |
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961 This option is intended for overriding the number of supported colors |
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962 that the character terminal advertises in its @code{termcap} or |
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963 @code{terminfo} database. The parameter @var{mode} can be one of the |
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964 following: |
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965 @table @samp |
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966 @item never |
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967 @itemx no |
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968 Don't use colors even if the terminal's capabilities specify color |
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969 support. |
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970 @item default |
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971 @itemx auto |
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972 Same as when @option{--color} is not used at all: Emacs detects at |
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973 startup whether the terminal supports colors, and if it does, turns on |
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974 colored display. |
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975 @item always |
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976 @itemx yes |
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977 @itemx ansi8 |
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978 Turn on the color support unconditionally, and use color commands |
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979 specified by the ANSI escape sequences for the 8 standard colors. |
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980 @item @var{num} |
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981 Use color mode for @var{num} colors. If @var{num} is -1, turn off |
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982 color support (equivalent to @samp{never}); if it is 0, use the |
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983 default color support for this terminal (equivalent to @samp{auto}); |
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984 otherwise use an appropriate standard mode for @var{num} colors. |
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985 Depending on your terminal's capabilities, Emacs might be able to turn |
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986 on a color mode for 8, 16, 88, or 256 as the value of @var{num}. If |
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987 there is no mode that supports @var{num} colors, Emacs acts as if |
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988 @var{num} were 0, i.e.@: it uses the terminal's default color support |
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989 mode. |
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990 @end table |
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991 If @var{mode} is omitted, it defaults to @var{ansi8}. |
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992 @end table |
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993 |
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994 For example, to use a coral mouse cursor and a slate blue text cursor, |
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995 enter: |
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996 |
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997 @example |
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998 emacs -ms coral -cr 'slate blue' & |
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999 @end example |
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1000 |
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1001 You can reverse the foreground and background colors through the |
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1002 @samp{-rv} option or with the X resource @samp{reverseVideo}. |
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1003 |
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1004 The @samp{-fg}, @samp{-bg}, and @samp{-rv} options function on |
68687 | 1005 text-only terminals as well as on graphical displays. |
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1006 |
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1007 @node Window Size X |
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1008 @appendixsec Options for Window Size and Position |
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1009 @cindex geometry of Emacs window |
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1010 @cindex position and size of Emacs frame |
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1011 @cindex width and height of Emacs frame |
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1012 @cindex specifying fullscreen for Emacs frame |
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1013 |
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1014 Here is a list of the command-line options for specifying size and |
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1015 position of the initial Emacs frame: |
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1016 |
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1017 @table @samp |
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1018 @item -g @var{width}x@var{height}@r{[@{}+-@r{@}}@var{xoffset}@r{@{}+-@r{@}}@var{yoffset}@r{]]} |
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1019 @opindex -g |
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1020 @itemx --geometry=@var{width}x@var{height}@r{[@{}+-@r{@}}@var{xoffset}@r{@{}+-@r{@}}@var{yoffset}@r{]]} |
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1021 @opindex --geometry |
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1022 @cindex geometry, command-line argument |
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1023 Specify the size @var{width} and @var{height} (measured in character |
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1024 columns and lines), and positions @var{xoffset} and @var{yoffset} |
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1025 (measured in pixels). The @var{width} and @var{height} parameters |
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1026 apply to all frames, whereas @var{xoffset} and @var{yoffset} only to |
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1027 the initial frame. |
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1028 |
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1029 @item -fs |
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1030 @opindex -fs |
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1031 @itemx --fullscreen |
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1032 @opindex --fullscreen |
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1033 @cindex fullscreen, command-line argument |
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1034 Specify that width and height shall be the size of the screen. |
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1035 |
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|
1036 @item -fh |
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|
1037 @opindex -fh |
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|
1038 @itemx --fullheight |
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|
1039 @opindex --fullheight |
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|
1040 @cindex fullheight, command-line argument |
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|
1041 Specify that the height shall be the height of the screen. |
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|
1042 |
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|
1043 @item -fw |
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|
1044 @opindex -fw |
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|
1045 @itemx --fullwidth |
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|
1046 @opindex --fullwidth |
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|
1047 @cindex fullwidth, command-line argument |
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|
1048 Specify that the width shall be the width of the screen. |
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1049 @end table |
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1050 |
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|
1051 |
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|
1052 @noindent |
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1053 In the @samp{--geometry} option, @code{@r{@{}+-@r{@}}} means either a plus |
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|
1054 sign or a minus sign. A plus |
41369
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1055 sign before @var{xoffset} means it is the distance from the left side of |
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1056 the screen; a minus sign means it counts from the right side. A plus |
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1057 sign before @var{yoffset} means it is the distance from the top of the |
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1058 screen, and a minus sign there indicates the distance from the bottom. |
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1059 The values @var{xoffset} and @var{yoffset} may themselves be positive or |
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1060 negative, but that doesn't change their meaning, only their direction. |
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|
1061 |
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1062 Emacs uses the same units as @command{xterm} does to interpret the geometry. |
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1063 The @var{width} and @var{height} are measured in characters, so a large font |
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1064 creates a larger frame than a small font. (If you specify a proportional |
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1065 font, Emacs uses its maximum bounds width as the width unit.) The |
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1066 @var{xoffset} and @var{yoffset} are measured in pixels. |
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1067 |
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1068 You do not have to specify all of the fields in the geometry |
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1069 specification. If you omit both @var{xoffset} and @var{yoffset}, the |
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Explain how enabling or disabling the tool bar affects specified geometry.
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|
1070 window manager decides where to put the Emacs frame, possibly by |
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|
1071 letting you place it with the mouse. For example, @samp{164x55} |
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|
1072 specifies a window 164 columns wide, enough for two ordinary width |
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|
1073 windows side by side, and 55 lines tall. |
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1074 |
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1075 The default width for Emacs is 80 characters and the default height is |
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1076 40 lines. You can omit either the width or the height or both. If |
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1077 you start the geometry with an integer, Emacs interprets it as the |
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1078 width. If you start with an @samp{x} followed by an integer, Emacs |
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1079 interprets it as the height. Thus, @samp{81} specifies just the width; |
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1080 @samp{x45} specifies just the height. |
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1081 |
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1082 If you start with @samp{+} or @samp{-}, that introduces an offset, |
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1083 which means both sizes are omitted. Thus, @samp{-3} specifies the |
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1084 @var{xoffset} only. (If you give just one offset, it is always |
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1085 @var{xoffset}.) @samp{+3-3} specifies both the @var{xoffset} and the |
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1086 @var{yoffset}, placing the frame near the bottom left of the screen. |
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|
1087 |
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1088 You can specify a default for any or all of the fields in |
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1089 @file{.Xdefaults} file, and then override selected fields with a |
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|
1090 @samp{--geometry} option. |
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1091 |
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|
1092 Since the mode line and the echo area occupy the last 2 lines of the |
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|
1093 frame, the height of the initial text window is 2 less than the height |
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|
1094 specified in your geometry. In non-X-toolkit versions of Emacs, the |
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Explain how enabling or disabling the tool bar affects specified geometry.
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|
1095 menu bar also takes one line of the specified number. But in the X |
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Explain how enabling or disabling the tool bar affects specified geometry.
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parents:
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|
1096 toolkit version, the menu bar is additional and does not count against |
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Explain how enabling or disabling the tool bar affects specified geometry.
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|
1097 the specified height. The tool bar, if present, is also additional. |
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1098 |
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|
1099 Enabling or disabling the menu bar or tool bar alters the amount of |
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1100 space available for ordinary text. Therefore, if Emacs starts up with |
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1101 a tool bar (which is the default), and handles the geometry |
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Explain how enabling or disabling the tool bar affects specified geometry.
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|
1102 specification assuming there is a tool bar, and then your |
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|
1103 @file{~/.emacs} file disables the tool bar, you will end up with a |
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|
1104 frame geometry different from what you asked for. To get the intended |
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|
1105 size with no tool bar, use an X resource to specify ``no tool bar'' |
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|
1106 (@pxref{Table of Resources}); then Emacs will already know there's no |
46717
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1107 tool bar when it processes the specified geometry. |
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|
1108 |
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Explain how enabling or disabling the tool bar affects specified geometry.
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1109 When using one of @samp{--fullscreen}, @samp{--fullwidth} or |
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1110 @samp{--fullheight} there may be some space around the frame |
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1111 anyway. That is because Emacs rounds the sizes so they are an |
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1112 even number of character heights and widths. |
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1113 |
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1114 Some window managers have options that can make them ignore both |
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1115 program-specified and user-specified positions (sawfish is one). |
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1116 If these are set, Emacs fails to position the window correctly. |
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1117 |
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1118 @node Borders X |
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1119 @appendixsec Internal and External Borders |
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1120 @cindex borders (X Window System) |
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1121 |
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1122 An Emacs frame has an internal border and an external border. The |
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1123 internal border is an extra strip of the background color around the |
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1124 text portion of the frame. Emacs itself draws the internal border. |
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1125 The external border is added by the window manager outside the frame; |
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1126 depending on the window manager you use, it may contain various boxes |
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1127 you can click on to move or iconify the window. |
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1128 |
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1129 @table @samp |
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1130 @item -ib @var{width} |
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1131 @opindex -ib |
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1132 @itemx --internal-border=@var{width} |
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1133 @opindex --internal-border |
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1134 @cindex internal border width, command-line argument |
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1135 Specify @var{width} as the width of the internal border (between the text |
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1136 and the main border), in pixels. |
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1137 |
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1138 @item -bw @var{width} |
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1139 @opindex -bw |
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1140 @itemx --border-width=@var{width} |
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1141 @opindex --border-width |
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1142 @cindex main border width, command-line argument |
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1143 Specify @var{width} as the width of the main border, in pixels. |
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1144 @end table |
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1145 |
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1146 When you specify the size of the frame, that does not count the |
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1147 borders. The frame's position is measured from the outside edge of the |
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1148 external border. |
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|
1149 |
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1150 Use the @samp{-ib @var{n}} option to specify an internal border |
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1151 @var{n} pixels wide. The default is 1. Use @samp{-bw @var{n}} to |
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1152 specify the width of the external border (though the window manager may |
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1153 not pay attention to what you specify). The default width of the |
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1154 external border is 2. |
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|
1155 |
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|
1156 @node Title X |
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|
1157 @appendixsec Frame Titles |
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|
1158 |
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|
1159 An Emacs frame may or may not have a specified title. The frame |
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|
1160 title, if specified, appears in window decorations and icons as the |
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1161 name of the frame. If an Emacs frame has no specified title, the |
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|
1162 default title has the form @samp{@var{invocation-name}@@@var{machine}} |
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1163 (if there is only one frame) or the selected window's buffer name (if |
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1164 there is more than one frame). |
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1165 |
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1166 You can specify a title for the initial Emacs frame with a command |
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|
1167 line option: |
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|
1168 |
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|
1169 @table @samp |
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1170 @item -T @var{title} |
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|
1171 @opindex -T |
41369
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|
1172 @itemx --title=@var{title} |
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1173 @opindex --title |
41369
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1174 @cindex frame title, command-line argument |
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|
1175 Specify @var{title} as the title for the initial Emacs frame. |
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1176 @end table |
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|
1177 |
41374
608e18d9fb18
Fix cross-references to "Resources".
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|
1178 The @samp{--name} option (@pxref{Resources}) also specifies the title |
41369
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|
1179 for the initial Emacs frame. |
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1180 |
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1181 @node Icons X |
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|
1182 @appendixsec Icons |
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|
1183 @cindex icons (X Window System) |
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1184 |
68687 | 1185 Most window managers allow you to ``iconify'' a frame, removing |
41369
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|
1186 it from sight, and leaving a small, distinctive ``icon'' window in its |
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|
1187 place. Clicking on the icon window makes the frame itself appear again. |
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1188 If you have many clients running at once, you can avoid cluttering up |
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|
1189 the screen by iconifying most of the clients. |
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|
1190 |
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|
1191 @table @samp |
65979 | 1192 @item -nbi |
1193 @opindex -nbi | |
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|
1194 @itemx --no-bitmap-icon |
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|
1195 @opindex --no-bitmap-icon |
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|
1196 @cindex Emacs icon, a gnu |
65939
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|
1197 Do not use a picture of a gnu as the Emacs icon. |
41369
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|
1198 |
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1199 @item -iconic |
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1200 @opindex --iconic |
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|
1201 @itemx --iconic |
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|
1202 @cindex start iconified, command-line argument |
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|
1203 Start Emacs in iconified state. |
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1204 @end table |
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|
1205 |
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diff
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|
1206 By default Emacs uses an icon window containing a picture of the GNU gnu. |
66053
824d0114e769
* cmdargs.texi (Icons X): Fix typo.
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|
1207 The @samp{-nbi} or @samp{--no-bitmap-icon} option tells Emacs to let the |
41369
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|
1208 window manager choose what sort of icon to use---usually just a small |
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1209 rectangle containing the frame's title. |
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|
1210 |
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|
1211 The @samp{-iconic} option tells Emacs to begin running as an icon, |
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|
1212 rather than showing a frame right away. In this situation, the icon |
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|
1213 is the only indication that Emacs has started; the text frame doesn't |
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|
1214 appear until you deiconify it. |
52401 | 1215 |
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|
1216 @node Misc X |
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|
1217 @appendixsec Other Display Options |
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|
1218 |
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|
1219 @table @samp |
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|
1220 @item -hb |
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|
1221 @opindex -hb |
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|
1222 @itemx --horizontal-scroll-bars |
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|
1223 @opindex --horizontal-scroll-bars |
61220
969c63f59860
(Misc X): Explain horizontal scroll bars don't exist.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
1224 @c @cindex horizontal scroll bars, command-line argument |
969c63f59860
(Misc X): Explain horizontal scroll bars don't exist.
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|
1225 Enable horizontal scroll bars. Since horizontal scroll bars |
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(Misc X): Explain horizontal scroll bars don't exist.
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|
1226 are not yet implemented, this actually does nothing. |
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|
1227 |
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|
1228 @item -vb |
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|
1229 @opindex -vb |
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|
1230 @itemx --vertical-scroll-bars |
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|
1231 @opindex --vertical-scroll-bars |
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|
1232 @cindex vertical scroll bars, command-line argument |
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|
1233 Enable vertical scroll bars. |
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|
1234 |
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|
1235 @item -lsp @var{pixels} |
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|
1236 @opindex -lsp |
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|
1237 @itemx --line-spacing=@var{pixels} |
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|
1238 @opindex --line-spacing |
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|
1239 @cindex line spacing, command-line argument |
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|
1240 Specify @var{pixels} as additional space to put between lines, in pixels. |
60400
616254f1bdb6
(Emacs Invocation): Add cindex "invocation (command line arguments)"
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|
1241 |
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|
1242 @item -nbc |
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|
1243 @opindex -nbc |
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|
1244 @itemx --no-blinking-cursor |
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|
1245 @opindex --no-blinking-cursor |
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|
1246 @cindex blinking cursor disable, command-line argument |
70355
3bc0f01a04e8
(Misc X): Say "graphical displays".
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69945
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|
1247 Disable the blinking cursor on graphical displays. |
61467
a3e6e523bd06
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|
1248 |
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|
1249 @item -D |
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|
1250 @opindex -D |
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|
1251 @itemx --basic-display |
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|
1252 @opindex --basic-display |
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|
1253 Disable the menu-bar, the tool-bar, the scroll-bars, and tool tips, |
a3e6e523bd06
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|
1254 and turn off the blinking cursor. This can be useful for making a |
a3e6e523bd06
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|
1255 test case that simplifies debugging of display problems. |
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|
1256 @end table |
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|
1257 |
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|
1258 The @samp{--xrm} option (@pxref{Resources}) specifies additional |
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1259 X resource values. |
721c4c4b537b
(Action Arguments): Add alias --find-file. Add
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@is.elta.co.il>
parents:
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1260 |
52401 | 1261 @ignore |
1262 arch-tag: fffecd9e-7329-4a51-a3cc-dd4a9889340e | |
1263 @end ignore |