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author | Dave Love <fx@gnu.org> |
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date | Tue, 07 Mar 2000 20:31:06 +0000 |
parents | acbd35afbe7b |
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27200 | 1 GNU Emacs NEWS -- history of user-visible changes. 5 Jan 2000 |
2 Copyright (C) 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc. | |
25853 | 3 See the end for copying conditions. |
4 | |
5 Please send Emacs bug reports to bug-gnu-emacs@gnu.org. | |
6 For older news, see the file ONEWS. | |
7 | |
8 | |
25995 | 9 * Installation Changes in Emacs 21.1 |
10 | |
27994 | 11 ** There are two new resources for colormap handling under X. |
12 | |
13 *** The X resource `visualClass, class `VisualClass', specifies the | |
14 visual Emacs should use. The resource's value should be a string of | |
27995 | 15 the form `CLASS-DEPTH', where CLASS is the name of the visual class, |
16 and DEPTH is the requested color depth as a decimal number. Valid | |
17 visual class names are | |
27994 | 18 |
19 TrueColor | |
20 PseudoColor | |
21 DirectColor | |
22 StaticColor | |
23 GrayScale | |
24 StaticGray | |
25 | |
26 Visual class names specified as X resource are case-insensitive, i.e. | |
27 `pseudocolor', `Pseudocolor' and `PseudoColor' all have the same | |
28 meaning. | |
29 | |
27995 | 30 The program `xdpyinfo' can be used to list the visual classes |
31 supported on your display, and which depths they have. If | |
32 `visualClass' is not specified, Emacs uses the display's default | |
33 visual. | |
34 | |
35 Example: | |
36 | |
37 emacs.visualClass: TrueColor-8 | |
27994 | 38 |
39 *** The X resource `privateColormap', class `PrivateColormap', | |
40 specifies that Emacs should use a private colormap if it is using the | |
41 default visual, and that visual is of class PseudoColor. Recognized | |
42 resource values are `true' or `on'. | |
43 | |
27995 | 44 Example: |
45 | |
46 emacs.privateColormap: true | |
47 | |
25995 | 48 ** `movemail' defaults to supporting POP. You can turn this off using |
49 the --without-pop configure option, should that be necessary. | |
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50 |
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51 ** There are new configure options associated with the support for |
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52 images and toolkit scrollbars. Use the --help option to list them. |
25995 | 53 |
25853 | 54 * Changes in Emacs 21.1 |
55 | |
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56 ** The menu bar configuration has changed. The new configuration is |
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57 more CUA-compliant. The most significant change is that Options is |
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58 now a separate menu-bar item, with Mule and Customize as its submenus. |
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59 |
27847 | 60 ** User-option `show-cursor-in-non-selected-windows' controls how to |
27845 | 61 display the cursor in non-selected windows. If nil, no cursor is |
27847 | 62 shown, if non-nil a hollow box cursor is shown. This option can |
63 be customized. | |
27845 | 64 |
27770 | 65 ** The variable `echo-keystrokes' may now have a floating point value. |
66 | |
27473 | 67 ** C-x 5 1 runs the new command delete-other-frames which deletes |
68 all frames except the selected one. | |
69 | |
27369 | 70 ** If your init file is compiled (.emacs.elc), `user-init-file' is set |
71 to the source name (.emacs.el), if that exists, after loading it. | |
72 | |
27356 | 73 ** The help string specified for a menu-item whose definition contains |
74 the property `:help HELP' is now displayed under X either in the echo | |
75 area or with tooltips. | |
76 | |
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77 ** New user option `read-mail-command' specifies a command to use to |
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78 read mail from the menu etc. |
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79 |
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80 ** Changes in Outline mode. |
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81 |
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82 There is now support for Imenu to index headings. A new command |
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83 `outline-headers-as-kill' copies the visible headings in the region to |
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84 the kill ring, e.g. to produce a table of contents. |
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85 |
27200 | 86 ** New command M-x check-parens can be used to find unbalanced paren |
87 groups and strings in buffers in Lisp mode (or other modes). | |
88 | |
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89 ** You can now easily create new *Info* buffers using either M-x clone-buffer |
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90 or C-u m <entry> RET. M-x clone-buffer can also be used on *Help* and |
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91 several other special buffers. |
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92 |
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93 ** Emacs can now support 'wheeled' mice (such as the MS IntelliMouse) |
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94 under XFree86. To enable this, simply put (mwheel-install) in your |
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95 .emacs file. |
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96 |
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97 The variables `mwheel-follow-mouse' and `mwheel-scroll-amount' |
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98 determine where and by how much buffers are scrolled. |
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99 |
26417 | 100 ** Listing buffers with M-x list-buffers (C-x C-b) now shows |
101 abbreviated file names. Abbreviations can be customized by changing | |
102 `directory-abbrev-alist'. | |
103 | |
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104 ** Reading from the mini-buffer now reads from standard input if Emacs |
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105 is running in batch mode. For example, |
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106 |
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107 (message "%s" (read t)) |
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108 |
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109 will read a Lisp expression from standard input and print the result |
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110 to standard output. |
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111 |
25853 | 112 ** Faces and frame parameters. |
113 | |
114 There are four new faces `scroll-bar', `border', `cursor' and `mouse'. | |
115 Setting the frame parameters `scroll-bar-foreground' and | |
116 `scroll-bar-background' sets foreground and background color of face | |
117 `scroll-bar' and vice versa. Setting frame parameter `border-color' | |
118 sets the background color of face `border' and vice versa. Likewise | |
119 for frame parameters `cursor-color' and face `cursor', and frame | |
120 parameter `mouse-color' and face `mouse'. | |
121 | |
122 Changing frame parameter `font' sets font-related attributes of the | |
123 `default' face and vice versa. Setting frame parameters | |
26264 | 124 `foreground-color' or `background-color' sets the colors of the |
25853 | 125 `default' face and vice versa. |
126 | |
25951 | 127 ** New face `menu'. |
128 | |
129 The face `menu' can be used to change colors and font of Emacs' menus. | |
130 Setting the font of LessTif/Motif menus is currently not supported; | |
131 attempts to set the font are ignored in this case. | |
132 | |
25853 | 133 ** New frame parameter `screen-gamma' for gamma correction. |
134 | |
135 The new frame parameter `screen-gamma' specifies gamma-correction for | |
136 colors. Its value may be nil, the default, in which case no gamma | |
137 correction occurs, or a number > 0, usually a float, that specifies | |
138 the screen gamma of a frame's display. | |
139 | |
140 PC monitors usually have a screen gamma of 2.2. smaller values result | |
141 in darker colors. You might want to try a screen gamma of 1.5 for LCD | |
142 color displays. The viewing gamma Emacs uses is 0.4545. (1/2.2). | |
143 | |
144 The X resource name of this parameter is `screenGamma', class | |
145 `ScreenGamma'. | |
146 | |
147 ** Emacs has a new redisplay engine. | |
148 | |
149 The new redisplay handles characters of variable width and height. | |
150 Italic text can be used without redisplay problems. Fonts containing | |
151 oversized characters, i.e. characters larger than the logical height | |
152 of a font can be used. Images of various formats can be displayed in | |
153 the text. | |
154 | |
155 ** Emacs has a new face implementation. | |
156 | |
157 The new faces no longer fundamentally use X font names to specify the | |
158 font. Instead, each face has several independent attributes--family, | |
159 height, width, weight and slant--that it may or may not specify. | |
160 These attributes can be merged from various faces, and then together | |
161 specify a font. | |
162 | |
163 Faces are supported on terminals that can display color or fonts. | |
164 These terminal capabilities are auto-detected. Details can be found | |
165 under Lisp changes, below. | |
166 | |
167 ** New default font is Courier 12pt. | |
168 | |
169 ** When using a windowing terminal, Emacs window now has a cursor of | |
170 its own. When the window is selected, the cursor is solid; otherwise, | |
171 it is hollow. | |
172 | |
173 ** Bitmap areas to the left and right of windows are used to display | |
174 truncation marks, continuation marks, overlay arrows and alike. The | |
175 foreground, background, and stipple of these areas can be changed by | |
176 customizing face `fringe'. | |
177 | |
178 ** The mode line under X is now drawn with shadows by default. You | |
179 can change its appearance by modifying the face `modeline'. | |
180 | |
181 ** LessTif support. | |
182 | |
183 Emacs now runs with LessTif (see <http://www.lesstif.org>). You will | |
184 need a version 0.88.1 or later. | |
185 | |
186 ** Toolkit scroll bars. | |
187 | |
188 Emacs now uses toolkit scrollbars if available. When configured for | |
189 LessTif/Motif, it will use that toolkit's scrollbar. Otherwise, when | |
190 configured for Lucid and Athena widgets, it will use the Xaw3d scroll | |
191 bar if Xaw3d is available. You can turn off the use of toolkit scroll | |
192 bars by specifying `--with-toolkit-scroll-bars=no' when configuring | |
193 Emacs. | |
194 | |
195 When you encounter problems with the Xaw3d scroll bar, watch out how | |
196 Xaw3d is compiled on your system. If the Makefile generated from | |
197 Xaw3d's Imakefile contains a `-DNARROWPROTO' compiler option, and your | |
198 Emacs system configuration file `s/your-system.h' does not contain a | |
199 define for NARROWPROTO, you might consider adding it. Take | |
200 `s/freebsd.h' as an example. | |
201 | |
202 Alternatively, if you don't have access to the Xaw3d source code, take | |
203 a look at your system's imake configuration file, for example in the | |
204 directory `/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/config' (paths are different on | |
205 different systems). You will find files `*.cf' there. If your | |
206 system's cf-file contains a line like `#define NeedWidePrototypes NO', | |
207 add a `#define NARROWPROTO' to your Emacs system configuration file. | |
208 | |
209 The reason for this is that one Xaw3d function uses `double' or | |
210 `float' function parameters depending on the setting of NARROWPROTO. | |
211 This is not a problem when Imakefiles are used because each system's | |
212 image configuration file contains the necessary information. Since | |
213 Emacs doesn't use imake, this has do be done manually. | |
214 | |
215 ** Toggle buttons and radio buttons in menus. | |
216 | |
217 When compiled with LessTif (or Motif) support, Emacs uses toolkit | |
218 widgets for radio and toggle buttons in menus. When configured for | |
219 Lucid, Emacs draws radio buttons and toggle buttons similar to Motif. | |
220 | |
221 ** Highlighting of trailing whitespace. | |
222 | |
223 When `show-trailing-whitespace' is non-nil, Emacs displays trailing | |
224 whitespace in the face `trailing-whitespace'. Trailing whitespace is | |
225 defined as spaces or tabs at the end of a line. To avoid busy | |
226 highlighting when entering new text, trailing whitespace is not | |
227 displayed if point is at the end of the line containing the | |
228 whitespace. | |
229 | |
230 ** Busy-cursor. | |
231 | |
232 Emacs can optionally display a busy-cursor under X. You can turn the | |
233 display on or off by customizing group `cursor'. | |
234 | |
235 ** Blinking cursor | |
236 | |
237 M-x blink-cursor-mode toggles a blinking cursor under X and on | |
238 terminals having terminal capabilities `vi', `vs', and `ve'. Blinking | |
239 and related parameters like frequency and delay can be customized in | |
240 the group `cursor'. | |
241 | |
242 ** New font-lock support mode `jit-lock-mode'. | |
243 | |
244 This support mode is roughly equivalent to `lazy-lock' but is | |
245 generally faster. It supports stealth and deferred fontification. | |
246 See the documentation of the function `jit-lock-mode' for more | |
247 details. | |
248 | |
249 Font-lock uses jit-lock-mode as default support mode, so you don't | |
250 have to do anything to activate it. | |
251 | |
252 ** Tabs and variable-width text. | |
253 | |
254 Tabs are now displayed with stretch properties; the width of a tab is | |
255 defined as a multiple of the normal character width of a frame, and is | |
256 independent of the fonts used in the text where the tab appears. | |
257 Thus, tabs can be used to line up text in different fonts. | |
258 | |
259 ** Enhancements of the Lucid menu bar | |
260 | |
261 *** The Lucid menu bar now supports the resource "margin". | |
262 | |
263 emacs.pane.menubar.margin: 5 | |
264 | |
265 The default margin is 4 which makes the menu bar appear like the Motif | |
266 one. | |
267 | |
268 *** Arrows that indicate sub-menus are now drawn with shadows, like in | |
269 Motif. | |
270 | |
271 ** Hscrolling in C code. | |
272 | |
273 Horizontal scrolling now happens automatically. | |
274 | |
275 ** Tool bar support. | |
276 | |
277 Emacs supports a tool bar at the top of a frame under X. For details | |
278 how to define a tool bar, see the page describing Lisp-level changes. | |
279 | |
280 ** Mouse-sensitive mode line. | |
281 | |
282 Different parts of the mode line under X have been made | |
283 mouse-sensitive. Moving the mouse to a mouse-sensitive part in the mode | |
284 line changes the appearance of the mouse pointer to an arrow, and help | |
285 about available mouse actions is displayed either in the echo area, or | |
286 in the tooltip window if you have enabled one. | |
287 | |
288 Currently, the following actions have been defined: | |
289 | |
290 - Mouse-1 on the buffer name in the mode line switches between two | |
291 buffers. | |
292 | |
293 - Mouse-2 on the buffer-name switches to the next buffer, and | |
294 M-mouse-2 switches to the previous buffer in the buffer list. | |
295 | |
296 - Mouse-3 on the buffer-name displays a buffer menu. | |
297 | |
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298 - Mouse-2 on the read-only status in the mode line (`%' or `*') |
25853 | 299 toggles the read-only status. |
300 | |
301 - Mouse-3 on the mode name display a minor-mode menu. | |
302 | |
303 ** LessTif/Motif file selection dialog. | |
304 | |
305 When Emacs is configured to use LessTif or Motif, reading a file name | |
26652 | 306 from a menu will pop up a file selection dialog if `use-dialog-box' is |
25853 | 307 non-nil. |
308 | |
309 ** Emacs can display faces on TTY frames. | |
310 | |
311 Emacs automatically detects terminals that are able to display colors. | |
312 Faces with a weight greater than normal are displayed extra-bright, if | |
313 the terminal supports it. Faces with a weight less than normal and | |
314 italic faces are displayed dimmed, if the terminal supports it. | |
315 Underlined faces are displayed underlined if possible. Other face | |
316 attributes like overlines, strike-throught, box are ignored. | |
317 | |
318 ** Sound support | |
319 | |
320 Emacs supports playing sound files on GNU/Linux and the free BSDs | |
321 (Voxware driver and native BSD driver, aka as Luigi's driver). | |
322 Currently supported file formats are RIFF-WAVE (*.wav) and Sun Audio | |
323 (*.au). You must configure Emacs with the option `--with-sound=yes' | |
324 to enable sound support. | |
325 | |
326 ** A new variable, backup-by-copying-when-privileged-mismatch, gives | |
327 the highest file uid for which backup-by-copying-when-mismatch will be | |
328 forced on. The assumption is that uids less than or equal to this | |
329 value are special uids (root, bin, daemon, etc.--not real system | |
330 users) and that files owned by these users should not change ownership, | |
331 even if your system policy allows users other than root to edit them. | |
332 | |
333 The default is 200; set the variable to nil to disable the feature. | |
334 | |
335 ** A block cursor can be drawn as wide as the glyph under it under X. | |
336 | |
337 As an example: if a block cursor is over a tab character, it will be | |
338 drawn as wide as that tab on the display. To do this, set | |
339 `x-stretch-cursor' to a non-nil value. | |
340 | |
341 ** Empty display lines at the end of a buffer may be marked with a | |
342 bitmap (this is similar to the tilde displayed by vi). | |
343 | |
344 This behavior is activated by setting the buffer-local variable | |
345 `indicate-empty-lines' to a non-nil value. The default value of this | |
346 variable is found in `default-indicate-empty-lines'. | |
347 | |
348 ** There is a new "aggressive" scrolling method. | |
349 | |
350 When scrolling up because point is above the window start, if the | |
351 value of the buffer-local variable `scroll-up-aggessively' is a | |
352 number, Emacs chooses a new window start so that point ends up that | |
353 fraction of the window's height from the bottom of the window. | |
354 | |
355 When scrolling down because point is below the window end, if the | |
356 value of the buffer-local variable `scroll-down-aggessively' is a | |
357 number, Emacs chooses a new window start so that point ends up that | |
358 fraction of the window's height from the top of the window. | |
359 | |
360 ** The rectangle commands now avoid inserting undesirable spaces, | |
361 notably at the end of lines. | |
362 | |
363 All these functions have been rewritten to avoid inserting unwanted | |
364 spaces, and an optional prefix now allows them to behave the old way. | |
365 | |
366 ** The new command M-x query-replace-regexp-eval acts like | |
367 query-replace-regexp, but takes a Lisp expression which is evaluated | |
368 after each match to get the replacement text. | |
369 | |
370 ** Emacs now resizes mini-windows if appropriate. | |
371 | |
372 If a message is longer than one line, or mini-buffer contents are | |
373 longer than one line, Emacs now resizes the mini-window unless it is | |
374 on a frame of its own. You can control the maximum mini-window size | |
375 by setting the following variable: | |
376 | |
377 - User option: max-mini-window-height | |
378 | |
379 Maximum height for resizing mini-windows. If a float, it specifies a | |
380 fraction of the mini-window frame's height. If an integer, it | |
381 specifies a number of lines. If nil, don't resize. | |
382 | |
383 Default is 0.25. | |
384 | |
27017 | 385 ** Changes to hideshow.el |
386 | |
387 Hideshow is now at version 5.x. It uses a new algorithms for block | |
388 selection and traversal and includes more isearch support. | |
389 | |
390 *** Generalized block selection and traversal | |
391 | |
392 A block is now recognized by three things: its start and end regexps | |
393 (both strings), and a match-data selector (an integer) specifying | |
394 which sub-expression in the start regexp serves as the place where a | |
395 `forward-sexp'-like function can operate. Hideshow always adjusts | |
396 point to this sub-expression before calling `hs-forward-sexp-func' | |
397 (which for most modes evaluates to `forward-sexp'). | |
398 | |
399 If the match-data selector is not specified, it defaults to zero, | |
400 i.e., the entire start regexp is valid, w/ no prefix. This is | |
401 backwards compatible with previous versions of hideshow. Please see | |
402 the docstring for variable `hs-special-modes-alist' for details. | |
403 | |
404 *** Isearch support for updating mode line | |
405 | |
406 During incremental search, if Hideshow minor mode is active, hidden | |
407 blocks are temporarily shown. The variable `hs-headline' records the | |
408 line at the beginning of the opened block (preceding the hidden | |
409 portion of the buffer), and the mode line is refreshed. When a block | |
410 is re-hidden, the variable is set to nil. | |
411 | |
412 To show `hs-headline' in the mode line, you may wish to include | |
413 something like this in your .emacs. | |
414 | |
415 (add-hook 'hs-minor-mode-hook | |
416 (lambda () | |
417 (add-to-list 'mode-line-format 'hs-headline))) | |
418 | |
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419 ** Changes to Change Log mode and Add-Log functions |
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420 |
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421 If you invoke `add-change-log-entry' from a backup file, it makes an |
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422 entry appropriate for the file's parent. This is useful for making |
8ce11c7a7fcb
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423 log entries by comparing a version with deleted functions. |
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read-mail-command, outline mode changes, change-log-merge,
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424 |
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425 New command M-x change-log-merge merges another log into the current |
8ce11c7a7fcb
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|
426 buffer, fixing old-style date formats if necessary. |
27005
e9167a5cfad2
Alto's change to add-log.el.
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427 |
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Alto's change to add-log.el.
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428 Change Log mode now adds a file's version number to change log entries |
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429 if user-option `change-log-version-info-enabled' is non-nil. |
e9167a5cfad2
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|
430 |
e9167a5cfad2
Alto's change to add-log.el.
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431 The search for a file's version number is performed based on regular |
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432 expressions from `change-log-version-number-regexp-list' which can be |
e9167a5cfad2
Alto's change to add-log.el.
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433 cutomized. Version numbers are only found in the first 10 percent of |
e9167a5cfad2
Alto's change to add-log.el.
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|
434 a file. |
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Alto's change to add-log.el.
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|
435 |
26964
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Font-lock changes by Anders Lindgren.
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436 ** Changes in Font Lock |
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Font-lock changes by Anders Lindgren.
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|
437 |
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438 *** The new function `font-lock-remove-keywords' can be used to remove |
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439 font-lock keywords from the current buffer or from a specific major |
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Font-lock changes by Anders Lindgren.
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440 mode. |
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441 |
26606 | 442 ** Comint (subshell) changes |
443 | |
444 Comint now includes new features to send commands to running processes | |
445 and redirect the output to a designated buffer or buffers. | |
446 | |
447 The command M-x comint-redirect-send-command reads a command and | |
448 buffer name from the mini-buffer. The command is sent to the current | |
449 buffer's process, and its output is inserted into the specified buffer. | |
450 | |
451 The command M-x comint-redirect-send-command-to-process acts like | |
452 M-x comint-redirect-send-command but additionally reads the name of | |
453 the buffer whose process should be used from the mini-buffer. | |
454 | |
26835
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RET bound in Rmail summary.
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455 ** Changes to Rmail mode |
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456 |
27361 | 457 *** RET is now bound in the Rmail summary to rmail-summary-goto-msg, |
458 like `j'. | |
459 | |
27381
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460 *** There is a new user option `rmail-digest-end-regexps' that |
622e861dce48
*** empty log message ***
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461 specifies the regular expressions to detect the line that ends a |
27378
af3075bcc264
*** empty log message ***
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462 digest message. |
26835
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463 |
26271 | 464 ** Changes to TeX mode |
465 | |
466 The default mode has been changed from `plain-tex-mode' to | |
467 `latex-mode'. | |
468 | |
25853 | 469 ** Changes to RefTeX mode |
470 | |
471 *** RefTeX has new support for index generation. Index entries can be | |
472 created with `C-c <', with completion available on index keys. | |
473 Pressing `C-c /' indexes the word at the cursor with a default | |
474 macro. `C-c >' compiles all index entries into an alphabetically | |
475 sorted *Index* buffer which looks like the final index. Entries | |
476 can be edited from that buffer. | |
477 | |
478 *** Label and citation key selection now allow to select several | |
479 items and reference them together (use `m' to mark items, `a' or | |
480 `A' to use all marked entries). | |
481 | |
482 *** reftex.el has been split into a number of smaller files to reduce | |
483 memory use when only a part of RefTeX is being used. | |
484 | |
485 *** a new command `reftex-view-crossref-from-bibtex' (bound to `C-c &' | |
486 in BibTeX-mode) can be called in a BibTeX database buffer in order | |
487 to show locations in LaTeX documents where a particular entry has | |
488 been cited. | |
489 | |
26684
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Add description of changed outline-regexp/new outline-level for
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490 ** Emacs Lisp mode now allows multiple levels of outline headings. |
5ffc1f61b1d4
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491 The level of a heading is determined from the number of leading |
5ffc1f61b1d4
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492 semicolons in a heading line. Toplevel forms starting with a `(' |
5ffc1f61b1d4
Add description of changed outline-regexp/new outline-level for
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493 in column 1 are always made leaves. |
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494 |
25853 | 495 ** The M-x time-stamp command (most commonly used on write-file-hooks) |
496 has the following new features: | |
497 | |
498 *** The patterns for finding the time stamp and for updating a pattern | |
499 may match text spanning multiple lines. For example, some people like | |
500 to have the filename and date on separate lines. The new variable | |
501 time-stamp-inserts-lines controls the matching for multi-line patterns. | |
502 | |
503 *** More than one time stamp can be updated in the same file. This | |
504 feature is useful if you need separate time stamps in a program source | |
505 file to both include in formatted documentation and insert in the | |
506 compiled binary. The same time-stamp will be written at each matching | |
507 pattern. The variable time-stamp-count enables this new feature; it | |
508 defaults to 1. | |
509 | |
510 ** Tooltips. | |
511 | |
512 Tooltips are small X windows displaying a help string at the current | |
513 mouse position. To use them, use the Lisp package `tooltip' which you | |
514 can access via the user option `tooltip-mode'. | |
515 | |
516 Tooltips also provides support for GUD debugging. If activated, | |
517 variable values can be displayed in tooltips by pointing at them with | |
518 the mouse in source buffers. You can customize various aspects of the | |
519 tooltip display in the group `tooltip'. | |
520 | |
521 ** Customize changes | |
522 | |
523 *** Customize now supports comments about customized items. Use the | |
26096 | 524 `State' menu to add comments. Note that customization comments will |
525 cause the customizations to fail in earlier versions of Emacs. | |
25853 | 526 |
527 *** The new option `custom-buffer-done-function' says whether to kill | |
528 Custom buffers when you've done with them or just bury them (the | |
529 default). | |
530 | |
26834
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|
531 *** The keyword :set-after in defcustom allows to specify dependencies |
782476a34d9d
Custom option keyword :set-after.
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|
532 between custom options. Example: |
782476a34d9d
Custom option keyword :set-after.
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|
533 |
782476a34d9d
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|
534 (defcustom default-input-method nil |
782476a34d9d
Custom option keyword :set-after.
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535 "*Default input method for multilingual text (a string). |
782476a34d9d
Custom option keyword :set-after.
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|
536 This is the input method activated automatically by the command |
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537 `toggle-input-method' (\\[toggle-input-method])." |
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|
538 :group 'mule |
782476a34d9d
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|
539 :type '(choice (const nil) string) |
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Custom option keyword :set-after.
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|
540 :set-after '(current-language-environment)) |
782476a34d9d
Custom option keyword :set-after.
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|
541 |
782476a34d9d
Custom option keyword :set-after.
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changeset
|
542 This specifies that default-input-method should be set after |
782476a34d9d
Custom option keyword :set-after.
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|
543 current-language-environment even if default-input-method appears |
782476a34d9d
Custom option keyword :set-after.
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changeset
|
544 first in a custom-set-variables statement. |
782476a34d9d
Custom option keyword :set-after.
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|
545 |
25853 | 546 ** New features in evaluation commands |
547 | |
548 The commands to evaluate Lisp expressions, such as C-M-x in Lisp | |
549 modes, C-j in Lisp Interaction mode, and M-:, now bind the variables | |
550 print-level, print-length, and debug-on-error based on the | |
551 customizable variables eval-expression-print-level, | |
552 eval-expression-print-length, and eval-expression-debug-on-error. | |
553 | |
554 ** Dired changes | |
555 | |
556 *** New variable `dired-recursive-deletes' determines if the delete | |
557 command will delete non-empty directories recursively. The default | |
558 is, delete only empty directories. | |
559 | |
560 *** New variable `dired-recursive-copies' determines if the copy | |
561 command will copy directories recursively. The default is, do not | |
562 copy directories recursively. | |
563 | |
26728
8a531f428463
Etags.el change moved. Add dired-aux change.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
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26718
diff
changeset
|
564 *** In command `dired-do-shell-command' (usually bound to `!') a `?' |
8a531f428463
Etags.el change moved. Add dired-aux change.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26718
diff
changeset
|
565 in the shell command has a special meaning similar to `*', but with |
8a531f428463
Etags.el change moved. Add dired-aux change.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26718
diff
changeset
|
566 the difference that the command will be run on each file individually. |
8a531f428463
Etags.el change moved. Add dired-aux change.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26718
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changeset
|
567 |
25853 | 568 ** The variable mail-specify-envelope-from controls whether to |
569 use the -f option when sending mail. | |
570 | |
26820 | 571 ** CC mode changes. |
572 | |
573 Note: This release contains changes that might not be compatible with | |
574 current user setups (although it's believed that these | |
575 incompatibilities will only show in very uncommon circumstances). | |
576 However, since the impact is uncertain, these changes may be rolled | |
577 back depending on user feedback. Therefore there's no forward | |
578 compatibility guarantee wrt the new features introduced in this | |
579 release. | |
580 | |
581 *** New initialization procedure for the style system. | |
582 When the initial style for a buffer is determined by CC Mode (from the | |
583 variable c-default-style), the global values of style variables now | |
584 take precedence over the values specified by the chosen style. This | |
585 is different than the old behavior: previously, the style-specific | |
586 settings would override the global settings. This change makes it | |
587 possible to do simple configuration in the intuitive way with | |
588 Customize or with setq lines in one's .emacs file. | |
589 | |
590 By default, the global value of every style variable is the new | |
591 special symbol set-from-style, which causes the value to be taken from | |
592 the style system. This means that in effect, only an explicit setting | |
593 of a style variable will cause the "overriding" behavior described | |
594 above. | |
595 | |
596 Also note that global settings override style-specific settings *only* | |
597 when the initial style of a buffer is chosen by a CC Mode major mode | |
598 function. When a style is chosen in other ways --- for example, by a | |
599 call like (c-set-style "gnu") in a hook, or via M-x c-set-style --- | |
600 then the style-specific values take precedence over any global style | |
601 values. In Lisp terms, global values override style-specific values | |
602 only when the new second argument to c-set-style is non-nil; see the | |
603 function documentation for more info. | |
604 | |
605 The purpose of these changes is to make it easier for users, | |
606 especially novice users, to do simple customizations with Customize or | |
607 with setq in their .emacs files. On the other hand, the new system is | |
608 intended to be compatible with advanced users' customizations as well, | |
609 such as those that choose styles in hooks or whatnot. This new system | |
610 is believed to be almost entirely compatible with current | |
611 configurations, in spite of the changed precedence between style and | |
612 global variable settings when a buffer's default style is set. | |
613 | |
614 (Thanks to Eric Eide for clarifying this explanation a bit.) | |
615 | |
616 **** c-offsets-alist is now a customizable variable. | |
617 This became possible as a result of the new initialization behavior. | |
618 | |
619 This variable is treated slightly differently from the other style | |
620 variables; instead of using the symbol set-from-style, it will be | |
621 completed with the syntactic symbols it doesn't already contain when | |
622 the style is first initialized. This means it now defaults to the | |
623 empty list to make all syntactic elements get their values from the | |
624 style system. | |
625 | |
626 **** Compatibility variable to restore the old behavior. | |
627 In case your configuration doesn't work with this change, you can set | |
628 c-old-style-variable-behavior to non-nil to get the old behavior back | |
629 as far as possible. | |
630 | |
631 *** Improvements to line breaking and text filling. | |
632 CC Mode now handles this more intelligently and seamlessly wrt the | |
633 surrounding code, especially inside comments. For details see the new | |
634 chapter about this in the manual. | |
635 | |
636 **** New variable to recognize comment line prefix decorations. | |
637 The variable c-comment-prefix-regexp has been added to properly | |
638 recognize the line prefix in both block and line comments. It's | |
639 primarily used to initialize the various paragraph recognition and | |
640 adaptive filling variables that the text handling functions uses. | |
641 | |
642 **** New variable c-block-comment-prefix. | |
643 This is a generalization of the now obsolete variable | |
644 c-comment-continuation-stars to handle arbitrary strings. | |
645 | |
646 **** CC Mode now uses adaptive fill mode. | |
647 This to make it adapt better to the paragraph style inside comments. | |
648 | |
649 It's also possible to use other adaptive filling packages inside CC | |
650 Mode, notably Kyle E. Jones' Filladapt mode (http://wonderworks.com/). | |
651 A new convenience function c-setup-filladapt sets up Filladapt for use | |
652 inside CC Mode. | |
653 | |
654 Note though that the 2.12 version of Filladapt lacks a feature that | |
655 causes it to work suboptimally when c-comment-prefix-regexp can match | |
656 the empty string (which it commonly does). A patch for that is | |
657 available from the CC Mode web site (http://www.python.org/emacs/ | |
658 cc-mode/). | |
659 | |
660 **** It's now possible to selectively turn off auto filling. | |
661 The variable c-ignore-auto-fill is used to ignore auto fill mode in | |
662 specific contexts, e.g. in preprocessor directives and in string | |
663 literals. | |
664 | |
665 **** New context sensitive line break function c-context-line-break. | |
666 It works like newline-and-indent in normal code, and adapts the line | |
667 prefix according to the comment style when used inside comments. If | |
668 you're normally using newline-and-indent, you might want to switch to | |
669 this function. | |
670 | |
671 *** Fixes to IDL mode. | |
672 It now does a better job in recognizing only the constructs relevant | |
673 to IDL. E.g. it no longer matches "class" as the beginning of a | |
674 struct block, but it does match the CORBA 2.3 "valuetype" keyword. | |
675 Thanks to Eric Eide. | |
676 | |
677 *** Improvements to the Whitesmith style. | |
678 It now keeps the style consistently on all levels and both when | |
679 opening braces hangs and when they don't. | |
680 | |
681 **** New lineup function c-lineup-whitesmith-in-block. | |
682 | |
683 *** New lineup functions c-lineup-template-args and c-indent-multi-line-block. | |
684 See their docstrings for details. c-lineup-template-args does a | |
685 better job of tracking the brackets used as parens in C++ templates, | |
686 and is used by default to line up continued template arguments. | |
687 | |
688 *** c-lineup-comment now preserves alignment with a comment on the | |
689 previous line. It used to instead preserve comments that started in | |
690 the column specified by comment-column. | |
691 | |
692 *** c-lineup-C-comments handles "free form" text comments. | |
693 In comments with a long delimiter line at the start, the indentation | |
694 is kept unchanged for lines that start with an empty comment line | |
695 prefix. This is intended for the type of large block comments that | |
696 contain documentation with its own formatting. In these you normally | |
697 don't want CC Mode to change the indentation. | |
698 | |
699 *** The `c' syntactic symbol is now relative to the comment start | |
700 instead of the previous line, to make integers usable as lineup | |
701 arguments. | |
702 | |
703 *** All lineup functions have gotten docstrings. | |
704 | |
705 *** More preprocessor directive movement functions. | |
706 c-down-conditional does the reverse of c-up-conditional. | |
707 c-up-conditional-with-else and c-down-conditional-with-else are | |
708 variants of these that also stops at "#else" lines (suggested by Don | |
709 Provan). | |
710 | |
711 *** Minor improvements to many movement functions in tricky situations. | |
712 | |
26407 | 713 ** Isearch changes |
714 | |
715 *** In Isearch mode, mouse-2 in the echo area now yanks the current | |
25853 | 716 selection into the search string rather than giving an error. |
717 | |
26407 | 718 *** There is a new lazy highlighting feature in incremental search. |
719 | |
26417 | 720 Lazy highlighting is switched on/off by customizing variable |
26407 | 721 `isearch-lazy-highlight'. When active, all matches for the current |
722 search string are highlighted. The current match is highlighted as | |
723 before using face `isearch' or `region'. All other matches are | |
724 highlighted using face `isearch-lazy-highlight-face' which defaults to | |
725 `secondary-selection'. | |
726 | |
727 The extra highlighting makes it easier to anticipate where the cursor | |
728 will end up each time you press C-s or C-r to repeat a pending search. | |
729 Highlighting of these additional matches happens in a deferred fashion | |
730 using "idle timers," so the cycles needed do not rob isearch of its | |
731 usual snappy response. | |
732 | |
733 If `isearch-lazy-highlight-cleanup' is set to t, highlights for | |
734 matches are automatically cleared when you end the search. If it is | |
735 set to nil, you can remove the highlights manually with `M-x | |
736 isearch-lazy-highlight-cleanup'. | |
737 | |
27470
483c021bf376
Change in sort-numeric-fields.
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parents:
27387
diff
changeset
|
738 ** Changes in sort.el |
483c021bf376
Change in sort-numeric-fields.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
27387
diff
changeset
|
739 |
483c021bf376
Change in sort-numeric-fields.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
27387
diff
changeset
|
740 The function sort-numeric-fields interprets numbers starting with `0' |
27533
6dfbe5197843
A typo ("ocatal" instead of "octal").
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
27498
diff
changeset
|
741 as octal and numbers starting with `0x' or `0X' as hexadecimal. The |
27470
483c021bf376
Change in sort-numeric-fields.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
27387
diff
changeset
|
742 new user-option sort-numberic-base can be used to specify a default |
483c021bf376
Change in sort-numeric-fields.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
27387
diff
changeset
|
743 numeric base. |
26407 | 744 |
25929 | 745 ** Ange-ftp allows you to specify of a port number in remote file |
746 names cleanly. It is appended to the host name, separated by a hash | |
747 sign, e.g. `/foo@bar.org#666:mumble'. (This syntax comes from EFS.) | |
748 | |
25984 | 749 ** Shell script mode changes. |
750 | |
751 Shell script mode (sh-script) can now indent scripts for shells | |
752 derived from sh and rc. The indentation style is customizeable, and | |
753 sh-script can attempt to "learn" the current buffer's style. | |
754 | |
26264 | 755 ** Etags changes. |
756 | |
757 *** In DOS, etags looks for file.cgz if it cannot find file.c. | |
758 | |
26289
6651db4a4b1f
Document regexp changes in etags.
Francesco Potortì <pot@gnu.org>
parents:
26277
diff
changeset
|
759 *** New option --ignore-case-regex is an alternative to --regex. It is now |
26292
81cd0c225dd9
Last changes for etags (I hope).
Francesco Potortì <pot@gnu.org>
parents:
26289
diff
changeset
|
760 possible to bind a regexp to a language, by prepending the regexp with |
81cd0c225dd9
Last changes for etags (I hope).
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diff
changeset
|
761 {lang}, where lang is one of the languages that `etags --help' prints out. |
81cd0c225dd9
Last changes for etags (I hope).
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changeset
|
762 This feature is useful especially for regex files, where each line contains |
81cd0c225dd9
Last changes for etags (I hope).
Francesco Potortì <pot@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
763 a regular expression. The manual contains details. |
26289
6651db4a4b1f
Document regexp changes in etags.
Francesco Potortì <pot@gnu.org>
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|
764 |
26264 | 765 *** In C and derived languages, etags creates tags for function |
766 declarations when given the --declarations option. | |
767 | |
768 *** In C++, tags are created for "operator". The tags have the form | |
26289
6651db4a4b1f
Document regexp changes in etags.
Francesco Potortì <pot@gnu.org>
parents:
26277
diff
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|
769 "operator+", without spaces between the keyword and the operator. |
26264 | 770 |
771 *** New language Ada: tags are functions, procedures, packages, tasks, and | |
772 types. | |
773 | |
774 *** In Fortran, procedure is no more tagged. | |
775 | |
776 *** In Java, tags are created for "interface". | |
777 | |
778 *** In Lisp, "(defstruct (foo", "(defun (operator" and similar constructs | |
779 are now tagged. | |
780 | |
781 *** In Perl, the --globals option tags global variables. my and local | |
782 variables are tagged. | |
783 | |
784 *** New language Python: def and class at the beginning of a line are tags. | |
785 | |
26292
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Francesco Potortì <pot@gnu.org>
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changeset
|
786 *** .ss files are Scheme files, .pdb is Postscript with C syntax, .psw is |
81cd0c225dd9
Last changes for etags (I hope).
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parents:
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|
787 for PSWrap. |
26264 | 788 |
26728
8a531f428463
Etags.el change moved. Add dired-aux change.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
789 ** Changes in etags.el |
8a531f428463
Etags.el change moved. Add dired-aux change.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
790 |
8a531f428463
Etags.el change moved. Add dired-aux change.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26718
diff
changeset
|
791 *** You can display additional output with M-x tags-apropos by setting |
8a531f428463
Etags.el change moved. Add dired-aux change.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
792 the new variable tags-apropos-additional-actions. |
8a531f428463
Etags.el change moved. Add dired-aux change.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
793 |
8a531f428463
Etags.el change moved. Add dired-aux change.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26718
diff
changeset
|
794 If non-nil, the variable's value should be a list of triples (TITLE |
8a531f428463
Etags.el change moved. Add dired-aux change.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26718
diff
changeset
|
795 FUNCTION TO-SEARCH). For each triple, M-x tags-apropos processes |
8a531f428463
Etags.el change moved. Add dired-aux change.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26718
diff
changeset
|
796 TO-SEARCH and lists tags from it. TO-SEARCH should be an alist, |
8a531f428463
Etags.el change moved. Add dired-aux change.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26718
diff
changeset
|
797 obarray, or symbol. If it is a symbol, the symbol's value is used. |
8a531f428463
Etags.el change moved. Add dired-aux change.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26718
diff
changeset
|
798 |
8a531f428463
Etags.el change moved. Add dired-aux change.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26718
diff
changeset
|
799 TITLE is a string to use to label the list of tags from TO-SEARCH. |
8a531f428463
Etags.el change moved. Add dired-aux change.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
800 |
8a531f428463
Etags.el change moved. Add dired-aux change.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26718
diff
changeset
|
801 FUNCTION is a function to call when an entry is selected in the Tags |
8a531f428463
Etags.el change moved. Add dired-aux change.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26718
diff
changeset
|
802 List buffer. It is called with one argument, the selected symbol. |
8a531f428463
Etags.el change moved. Add dired-aux change.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
803 |
8a531f428463
Etags.el change moved. Add dired-aux change.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26718
diff
changeset
|
804 A useful example value for this variable might be something like: |
8a531f428463
Etags.el change moved. Add dired-aux change.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26718
diff
changeset
|
805 |
8a531f428463
Etags.el change moved. Add dired-aux change.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26718
diff
changeset
|
806 '(("Emacs Lisp" Info-goto-emacs-command-node obarray) |
8a531f428463
Etags.el change moved. Add dired-aux change.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26718
diff
changeset
|
807 ("Common Lisp" common-lisp-hyperspec common-lisp-hyperspec-obarray) |
8a531f428463
Etags.el change moved. Add dired-aux change.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26718
diff
changeset
|
808 ("SCWM" scwm-documentation scwm-obarray)) |
8a531f428463
Etags.el change moved. Add dired-aux change.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26718
diff
changeset
|
809 |
8a531f428463
Etags.el change moved. Add dired-aux change.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26718
diff
changeset
|
810 *** The face tags-tag-face can be used to customize the appearance |
8a531f428463
Etags.el change moved. Add dired-aux change.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26718
diff
changeset
|
811 of tags in the output of M-x tags-apropos. |
8a531f428463
Etags.el change moved. Add dired-aux change.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26718
diff
changeset
|
812 |
8a531f428463
Etags.el change moved. Add dired-aux change.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26718
diff
changeset
|
813 *** Setting tags-apropos-verbose to a non-nil value displays the |
8a531f428463
Etags.el change moved. Add dired-aux change.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26718
diff
changeset
|
814 names of tags files in the *Tags List* buffer. |
8a531f428463
Etags.el change moved. Add dired-aux change.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26718
diff
changeset
|
815 |
26140
068f7ad41d40
Describe new functions and variables for locales.
Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com>
parents:
26133
diff
changeset
|
816 ** Emacs now attempts to determine the initial language environment |
068f7ad41d40
Describe new functions and variables for locales.
Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com>
parents:
26133
diff
changeset
|
817 and preferred and locale coding systems systematically from the |
068f7ad41d40
Describe new functions and variables for locales.
Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com>
parents:
26133
diff
changeset
|
818 LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE, and LANG environment variables during startup. |
068f7ad41d40
Describe new functions and variables for locales.
Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com>
parents:
26133
diff
changeset
|
819 |
26016 | 820 ** New language environments `Latin-8' and `Latin-9'. |
821 These correspond respectively to the ISO character sets 8859-14 | |
822 (Celtic) and 8859-15 (updated Latin-1, with the Euro sign). There is | |
823 currently no specific input method support for them. | |
824 | |
26652 | 825 ** Fortran mode has a new command `fortran-strip-sqeuence-nos' to |
826 remove text past column 72. The syntax class of `\' in Fortran is now | |
827 appropriate for C-style escape sequences in strings. | |
828 | |
829 ** SGML mode's default `sgml-validate-command' is now `nsgmls'. | |
830 | |
26768 | 831 ** A new command `view-emacs-problems' (C-h P) displays the PROBLEMS file. |
832 | |
25853 | 833 ** New modes and packages |
834 | |
27644 | 835 *** glasses-mode is a minor mode that makes |
836 unreadableIdentifiersLikeThis readable. It works as glasses, without | |
837 actually modifying content of a buffer. | |
838 | |
27498 | 839 *** The package ebnf2ps translates an EBNF to a syntactic chart in |
840 PostScript. | |
841 | |
842 Currently accepts ad-hoc EBNF, ISO EBNF and Bison/Yacc. | |
843 | |
844 The ad-hoc default EBNF syntax has the following elements: | |
845 | |
846 ; comment (until end of line) | |
847 A non-terminal | |
848 "C" terminal | |
849 ?C? special | |
850 $A default non-terminal | |
851 $"C" default terminal | |
852 $?C? default special | |
853 A = B. production (A is the header and B the body) | |
854 C D sequence (C occurs before D) | |
855 C | D alternative (C or D occurs) | |
856 A - B exception (A excluding B, B without any non-terminal) | |
857 n * A repetition (A repeats n (integer) times) | |
858 (C) group (expression C is grouped together) | |
859 [C] optional (C may or not occurs) | |
860 C+ one or more occurrences of C | |
861 {C}+ one or more occurrences of C | |
862 {C}* zero or more occurrences of C | |
863 {C} zero or more occurrences of C | |
864 C / D equivalent to: C {D C}* | |
865 {C || D}+ equivalent to: C {D C}* | |
866 {C || D}* equivalent to: [C {D C}*] | |
867 {C || D} equivalent to: [C {D C}*] | |
868 | |
869 Please, see ebnf2ps documentation for EBNF syntax and how to use it. | |
870 | |
27328 | 871 *** The package align.el will align columns within a region, using M-x |
872 align. Its mode-specific rules, based on regular expressions, | |
873 determine where the columns should be split. In C and C++, for | |
874 example, it will align variable names in declaration lists, or the | |
875 equal signs of assignments. | |
876 | |
27266
8ce11c7a7fcb
read-mail-command, outline mode changes, change-log-merge,
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
27200
diff
changeset
|
877 *** `paragraph-indent-minor-mode' is a new minor mode supporting |
8ce11c7a7fcb
read-mail-command, outline mode changes, change-log-merge,
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
27200
diff
changeset
|
878 paragraphs in the same style as `paragraph-indent-text-mode'. |
8ce11c7a7fcb
read-mail-command, outline mode changes, change-log-merge,
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
27200
diff
changeset
|
879 |
27016 | 880 *** bs.el is a new package for buffer selection similar to |
881 list-buffers or electric-buffer-list. Use M-x bs-show to display a | |
882 buffer menu with this package. You can use M-x bs-customize to | |
883 customize the package. | |
884 | |
27733 | 885 *** calculator.el is a small calculator package that is intended to |
886 replace desktop calculators such as xcalc and calc.exe. Actually, it | |
887 is not too small - it has more features than most desktop calculators, | |
888 and can be customized easily to get many more functions. It should | |
889 not be confused with "calc" which is a much bigger mathematical tool | |
890 which answers different needs. | |
891 | |
26964
2939daf50656
Font-lock changes by Anders Lindgren.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26933
diff
changeset
|
892 *** The minor modes cwarn-mode and global-cwarn-mode highlights |
2939daf50656
Font-lock changes by Anders Lindgren.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26933
diff
changeset
|
893 suspicious C and C++ constructions. Currently, assignments inside |
2939daf50656
Font-lock changes by Anders Lindgren.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26933
diff
changeset
|
894 expressions, semicolon following `if', `for' and `while' (except, of |
2939daf50656
Font-lock changes by Anders Lindgren.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26933
diff
changeset
|
895 course, after a `do .. while' statement), and C++ functions with |
2939daf50656
Font-lock changes by Anders Lindgren.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26933
diff
changeset
|
896 reference parameters are recognized. The modes require font-lock mode |
2939daf50656
Font-lock changes by Anders Lindgren.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26933
diff
changeset
|
897 to be enabled. |
2939daf50656
Font-lock changes by Anders Lindgren.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26933
diff
changeset
|
898 |
27094
6500fd0a7d8e
*** empty log message ***
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
27092
diff
changeset
|
899 *** smerge-mode.el provides `smerge-mode', a simple minor-mode for files |
6500fd0a7d8e
*** empty log message ***
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
27092
diff
changeset
|
900 containing diff3-style conflict markers, such as generated by RCS. |
6500fd0a7d8e
*** empty log message ***
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
27092
diff
changeset
|
901 |
25853 | 902 *** 5x5.el is a simple puzzle game. |
903 | |
904 *** hl-line.el provides a minor mode to highlight the current line. | |
905 | |
906 *** ansi-color.el translates ANSI terminal escapes into text-properties. | |
907 | |
908 *** delphi.el provides a major mode for editing the Delphi (Object | |
909 Pascal) language. | |
910 | |
911 *** quickurl.el provides a simple method of inserting a URL based on | |
912 the text at point. | |
913 | |
914 *** sql.el provides an interface to SQL data bases. | |
915 | |
25862 | 916 *** fortune.el uses the fortune program to create mail/news signatures. |
917 | |
25853 | 918 *** whitespace.el ??? |
919 | |
25992 | 920 *** PostScript mode (ps-mode) is a new major mode for editing PostScript |
921 files. It offers: interaction with a PostScript interpreter, including | |
922 (very basic) error handling; fontification, easily customizable for | |
923 interpreter messages; auto-indentation; insertion of EPSF templates and | |
924 often used code snippets; viewing of BoundingBox; commenting out / | |
925 uncommenting regions; conversion of 8bit characters to PostScript octal | |
926 codes. All functionality is accessible through a menu. | |
927 | |
928 *** delim-col helps to prettify columns in a text region or rectangle. | |
929 | |
930 Here is an example of columns: | |
931 | |
932 horse apple bus | |
933 dog pineapple car EXTRA | |
934 porcupine strawberry airplane | |
935 | |
936 Doing the following settings: | |
937 | |
938 (setq delimit-columns-str-before "[ ") | |
939 (setq delimit-columns-str-after " ]") | |
940 (setq delimit-columns-str-separator ", ") | |
941 (setq delimit-columns-separator "\t") | |
942 | |
943 | |
944 Selecting the lines above and typing: | |
945 | |
946 M-x delimit-columns-region | |
947 | |
948 It results: | |
949 | |
950 [ horse , apple , bus , ] | |
951 [ dog , pineapple , car , EXTRA ] | |
952 [ porcupine, strawberry, airplane, ] | |
953 | |
954 delim-col has the following options: | |
955 | |
956 delimit-columns-str-before Specify a string to be inserted | |
957 before all columns. | |
958 | |
959 delimit-columns-str-separator Specify a string to be inserted | |
960 between each column. | |
961 | |
962 delimit-columns-str-after Specify a string to be inserted | |
963 after all columns. | |
964 | |
965 delimit-columns-separator Specify a regexp which separates | |
966 each column. | |
967 | |
968 delim-col has the following commands: | |
969 | |
970 delimit-columns-region Prettify all columns in a text region. | |
971 delimit-columns-rectangle Prettify all columns in a text rectangle. | |
972 | |
26030
c5e8559a53cb
Add description of recentf.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26016
diff
changeset
|
973 *** The package recentf.el maintains a menu for visiting files that |
c5e8559a53cb
Add description of recentf.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26016
diff
changeset
|
974 were operated on recently. When enabled, a new "Open Recent" submenu |
c5e8559a53cb
Add description of recentf.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26016
diff
changeset
|
975 is displayed in the "Files" menu. |
c5e8559a53cb
Add description of recentf.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26016
diff
changeset
|
976 |
c5e8559a53cb
Add description of recentf.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26016
diff
changeset
|
977 The recent files list is automatically saved across Emacs sessions. |
c5e8559a53cb
Add description of recentf.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26016
diff
changeset
|
978 |
c5e8559a53cb
Add description of recentf.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26016
diff
changeset
|
979 To enable/disable recentf use M-x recentf-mode. |
c5e8559a53cb
Add description of recentf.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26016
diff
changeset
|
980 |
c5e8559a53cb
Add description of recentf.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26016
diff
changeset
|
981 To enable recentf at Emacs startup use |
c5e8559a53cb
Add description of recentf.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26016
diff
changeset
|
982 M-x customize-variable RET recentf-mode RET. |
c5e8559a53cb
Add description of recentf.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26016
diff
changeset
|
983 |
c5e8559a53cb
Add description of recentf.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26016
diff
changeset
|
984 To change the number of recent files displayed and others options use |
c5e8559a53cb
Add description of recentf.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26016
diff
changeset
|
985 M-x customize-group RET recentf RET. |
c5e8559a53cb
Add description of recentf.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
26016
diff
changeset
|
986 |
26149 | 987 *** elide-head.el provides a mechanism for eliding boilerplate header |
988 text. | |
989 | |
26924 | 990 *** footnote.el provides `footnote-mode', a minor mode supporting use |
26786 | 991 of footnotes. It is intended for use with Message mode, but isn't |
992 specific to Message mode. | |
993 | |
26924 | 994 *** diff-mode.el provides `diff-mode', a major mode for |
995 viewing/editing context diffs (patches). It is selected for files | |
996 with extension `.diff', `.diffs', `.patch' and `.rej'. | |
997 | |
27714
22a581e00fe4
Mention some new packages, extra configure options.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
27693
diff
changeset
|
998 *** EUDC, the Emacs Unified Directory Client, provides a common user |
22a581e00fe4
Mention some new packages, extra configure options.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
27693
diff
changeset
|
999 interface to access directory servers using different directory |
22a581e00fe4
Mention some new packages, extra configure options.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
27693
diff
changeset
|
1000 protocols. It has a separate manual. |
22a581e00fe4
Mention some new packages, extra configure options.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
27693
diff
changeset
|
1001 |
22a581e00fe4
Mention some new packages, extra configure options.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
27693
diff
changeset
|
1002 *** glasses.el |
22a581e00fe4
Mention some new packages, extra configure options.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
27693
diff
changeset
|
1003 |
22a581e00fe4
Mention some new packages, extra configure options.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
27693
diff
changeset
|
1004 *** windmove.el |
22a581e00fe4
Mention some new packages, extra configure options.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
27693
diff
changeset
|
1005 |
25853 | 1006 ** Withdrawn packages |
1007 | |
1008 *** mldrag.el has been removed. mouse.el provides the same | |
1009 functionality with aliases for the mldrag functions. | |
26133 | 1010 |
27369 | 1011 *** eval-reg.el has been obsoleted by changes to edebug.el and removed. |
1012 | |
1013 *** ph.el has been obsoleted by EUDC and removed. | |
25853 | 1014 |
1015 * Lisp changes in Emacs 21.1 (see following page for display-related features) | |
1016 | |
1017 Note that +++ before an item means the Lisp manual has been updated. | |
1018 --- means that I have decided it does not need to be in the Lisp manual. | |
1019 When you add a new item, please add it without either +++ or --- | |
1020 so I will know I still need to look at it -- rms. | |
1021 | |
28037 | 1022 ** The function documentation-property now evaluates the value of |
1023 the given property to obtain a a string if it doesn't refer to etc/DOC | |
1024 and isn't a string. | |
1025 | |
27881
f54471f7b913
replace-regexps-in-string, mouse-position-function, define-key-after change
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
27847
diff
changeset
|
1026 +++ |
f54471f7b913
replace-regexps-in-string, mouse-position-function, define-key-after change
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
27847
diff
changeset
|
1027 ** The last argument of `define-key-after' defaults to t for convenience. |
f54471f7b913
replace-regexps-in-string, mouse-position-function, define-key-after change
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
27847
diff
changeset
|
1028 |
f54471f7b913
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1029 ** The new function `replace-regexps-in-string' replaces all matches |
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|
1030 for a regexp in a string. |
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|
1031 |
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|
1032 ** `mouse-position' now runs the abnormal hook |
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|
1033 `mouse-position-function'. |
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|
1034 |
27827 | 1035 ** The function string-to-number now returns a float for numbers |
1036 that don't fit into a Lisp integer. | |
1037 | |
27820 | 1038 ** The variable keyword-symbols-constants-flag has been removed. |
1039 Keywords are now always considered constants. | |
1040 | |
27770 | 1041 +++ |
1042 ** The new function `delete-and-extract-region' deletes text and | |
1043 returns it. | |
1044 | |
27276 | 1045 ** The function `clear-this-command-keys' now also clears the vector |
1046 returned by function `recent-keys'. | |
1047 | |
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1048 +++ |
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1049 ** Variables `beginning-of-defun-function' and `end-of-defun-function' |
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1050 can be used to define handlers for the functions that find defuns. |
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1051 Major modes can define these locally instead of rebinding M-C-a |
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1052 etc. if the normal conventions for defuns are not appropriate for the |
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1053 mode. |
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1054 |
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1055 +++ |
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1056 ** easy-mmode-define-minor-mode now takes an additional BODY argument |
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1057 and is renamed `define-minor-mode'. |
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1058 |
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1059 +++ |
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1060 ** If an abbrev has a hook function which is a symbol, and that symbol |
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1061 has a non-nil `no-self-insert' property, the return value of the hook |
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1062 function specifies whether an expansion has been done or not. If it |
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1063 returns nil, abbrev-expand also returns nil, meaning "no expansion has |
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1064 been performed." |
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1065 |
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1066 When abbrev expansion is done by typing a self-inserting character, |
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1067 and the abbrev has a hook with the `no-self-insert' property, and the |
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1068 hook function returns non-nil meaning expansion has been done, |
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1069 then the self-inserting character is not inserted. |
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1070 |
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1071 +++ |
26737 | 1072 ** The function `intern-soft' now accepts a symbol as first argument. |
1073 In this case, that exact symbol is looked up in the specified obarray, | |
1074 and the function's value is nil if it is not found. | |
1075 | |
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1076 +++ |
26467 | 1077 ** The new macro `with-syntax-table' can be used to evaluate forms |
1078 with the syntax table of the current buffer temporarily set to a | |
1079 specified table. | |
1080 | |
1081 (with-syntax-table TABLE &rest BODY) | |
1082 | |
1083 Evaluate BODY with syntax table of current buffer set to a copy of | |
26541
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1084 TABLE. The current syntax table is saved, BODY is evaluated, and the |
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1085 saved table is restored, even in case of an abnormal exit. Value is |
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|
1086 what BODY returns. |
26467 | 1087 |
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1088 +++ |
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1089 ** Regular expressions now support intervals \{n,m\} as well as |
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1090 Perl's non-greedy *? +? and ?? operators. |
27094
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1091 |
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1092 +++ |
26397
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|
1093 ** The optional argument BUFFER of function file-local-copy has been |
17d6fe2e2d0f
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|
1094 removed since it wasn't used by anything. |
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1095 |
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1096 +++ |
26360
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|
1097 ** The file name argument of function `file-locked-p' is now required |
5370b1c171ef
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|
1098 instead of being optional. |
5370b1c171ef
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1099 |
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1100 +++ |
26277
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1101 ** The new built-in error `text-read-only' is signaled when trying to |
32e16b70ae15
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1102 modify read-only text. |
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1103 |
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1104 +++ |
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1105 ** New functions and variables for locales. |
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1106 |
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1107 The new variable `locale-coding-system' specifies how to encode and |
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1108 decode strings passed to low-level message functions like strerror and |
26525
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1109 time functions like strftime. The new variables |
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1110 `system-messages-locale' and `system-time-locale' give the system |
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1111 locales to be used when invoking these two types of functions. |
26140
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1112 |
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1113 The new function `set-locale-environment' sets the language |
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1114 environment, preferred coding system, and locale coding system from |
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|
1115 the system locale as specified by the LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE, and LANG |
26525
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1116 environment variables. Normally, it is invoked during startup and need |
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1117 not be invoked thereafter. It uses the new variables |
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|
1118 `locale-language-names', `locale-charset-language-names', and |
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|
1119 `locale-preferred-coding-systems' to make its decisions. |
26140
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|
1120 |
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1121 +++ |
26107
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1122 ** syntax tables now understand nested comments. |
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1123 To declare a comment syntax as allowing nesting, just add an `n' |
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1124 modifier to either of the characters of the comment end and the comment |
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1125 start sequences. |
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1126 |
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1127 +++ |
25910
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|
1128 ** The function `pixmap-spec-p' has been renamed `bitmap-spec-p' |
918acea58309
Add section for change of pixmap-spec-p to bitmap-spec-p.
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|
1129 because `bitmap' is more in line with the usual X terminology. |
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1130 |
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1131 +++ |
25853 | 1132 ** New function `propertize' |
1133 | |
1134 The new function `propertize' can be used to conveniently construct | |
1135 strings with text properties. | |
1136 | |
1137 - Function: propertize STRING &rest PROPERTIES | |
1138 | |
1139 Value is a copy of STRING with text properties assigned as specified | |
1140 by PROPERTIES. PROPERTIES is a sequence of pairs PROPERTY VALUE, with | |
1141 PROPERTY being the name of a text property and VALUE being the | |
1142 specified value of that property. Example: | |
1143 | |
1144 (propertize "foo" 'face 'bold 'read-only t) | |
1145 | |
1146 +++ | |
1147 ** push and pop macros. | |
1148 | |
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1149 Simple versions of the push and pop macros of Common Lisp |
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1150 are now defined in Emacs Lisp. These macros allow only symbols |
25853 | 1151 as the place that holds the list to be changed. |
1152 | |
1153 (push NEWELT LISTNAME) add NEWELT to the front of LISTNAME's value. | |
1154 (pop LISTNAME) return first elt of LISTNAME, and remove it | |
1155 (thus altering the value of LISTNAME). | |
1156 | |
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1157 ** New dolist and dotimes macros. |
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1158 |
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1159 Simple versions of the dolist and dotimes macros of Common Lisp |
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1160 are now defined in Emacs Lisp. |
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1161 |
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1162 (dolist (VAR LIST [RESULT]) BODY...) |
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1163 Execute body once for each element of LIST, |
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1164 using the variable VAR to hold the current element. |
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1165 Then return the value of RESULT, or nil if RESULT is omitted. |
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1166 |
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1167 (dotimes (VAR COUNT [RESULT]) BODY...) |
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1168 Execute BODY with VAR bound to successive integers running from 0, |
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1169 inclusive, to COUNT, exclusive. |
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1170 Then return the value of RESULT, or nil if RESULT is omitted. |
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1171 |
25853 | 1172 +++ |
1173 ** Regular expressions now support Posix character classes such | |
1174 as [:alpha:], [:space:] and so on. | |
1175 | |
1176 [:digit:] matches 0 through 9 | |
1177 [:cntrl:] matches ASCII control characters | |
1178 [:xdigit:] matches 0 through 9, a through f and A through F. | |
1179 [:blank:] matches space and tab only | |
1180 [:graph:] matches graphic characters--everything except ASCII control chars, | |
1181 space, and DEL. | |
1182 [:print:] matches printing characters--everything except ASCII control chars | |
1183 and DEL. | |
1184 [:alnum:] matches letters and digits. | |
1185 (But at present, for multibyte characters, | |
1186 it matches anything that has word syntax.) | |
1187 [:alpha:] matches letters. | |
1188 (But at present, for multibyte characters, | |
1189 it matches anything that has word syntax.) | |
1190 [:ascii:] matches ASCII (unibyte) characters. | |
1191 [:nonascii:] matches non-ASCII (multibyte) characters. | |
1192 [:lower:] matches anything lower-case. | |
1193 [:punct:] matches punctuation. | |
1194 (But at present, for multibyte characters, | |
1195 it matches anything that has non-word syntax.) | |
1196 [:space:] matches anything that has whitespace syntax. | |
1197 [:upper:] matches anything upper-case. | |
1198 [:word:] matches anything that has word syntax. | |
1199 | |
1200 +++ | |
1201 ** Emacs now has built-in hash tables. | |
1202 | |
1203 The following functions are defined for hash tables: | |
1204 | |
1205 - Function: make-hash-table ARGS | |
1206 | |
1207 The argument list ARGS consists of keyword/argument pairs. All arguments | |
1208 are optional. The following arguments are defined: | |
1209 | |
1210 :test TEST | |
1211 | |
1212 TEST must be a symbol specifying how to compare keys. Default is `eql'. | |
1213 Predefined are `eq', `eql' and `equal'. If TEST is not predefined, | |
1214 it must have been defined with `define-hash-table-test'. | |
1215 | |
1216 :size SIZE | |
1217 | |
1218 SIZE must be an integer > 0 giving a hint to the implementation how | |
1219 many elements will be put in the hash table. Default size is 65. | |
1220 | |
1221 :rehash-size REHASH-SIZE | |
1222 | |
1223 REHASH-SIZE specifies by how much to grow a hash table once it becomes | |
1224 full. If REHASH-SIZE is an integer, add that to the hash table's old | |
1225 size to get the new size. Otherwise, REHASH-SIZE must be a float > | |
1226 1.0, and the new size is computed by multiplying REHASH-SIZE with the | |
1227 old size. Default rehash size is 1.5. | |
1228 | |
1229 :rehash-threshold THRESHOLD | |
1230 | |
1231 THRESHOLD must be a float > 0 and <= 1.0 specifying when to resize the | |
1232 hash table. It is resized when the ratio of (number of entries) / | |
1233 (size of hash table) is >= THRESHOLD. Default threshold is 0.8. | |
1234 | |
1235 :weakness WEAK | |
1236 | |
1237 WEAK must be either nil, one of the symbols `key, `value', or t. | |
1238 Entries are removed from weak tables during garbage collection if | |
1239 their key and/or value are not referenced elsewhere outside of the | |
1240 hash table. Default are non-weak hash tables. | |
1241 | |
1242 - Function: makehash &optional TEST | |
1243 | |
1244 Similar to make-hash-table, but only TEST can be specified. | |
1245 | |
1246 - Function: hash-table-p TABLE | |
1247 | |
1248 Returns non-nil if TABLE is a hash table object. | |
1249 | |
1250 - Function: copy-hash-table TABLE | |
1251 | |
1252 Returns a copy of TABLE. Only the table itself is copied, keys and | |
1253 values are shared. | |
1254 | |
1255 - Function: hash-table-count TABLE | |
1256 | |
1257 Returns the number of entries in TABLE. | |
1258 | |
1259 - Function: hash-table-rehash-size TABLE | |
1260 | |
1261 Returns the rehash size of TABLE. | |
1262 | |
1263 - Function: hash-table-rehash-threshold TABLE | |
1264 | |
1265 Returns the rehash threshold of TABLE. | |
1266 | |
1267 - Function: hash-table-rehash-size TABLE | |
1268 | |
1269 Returns the size of TABLE. | |
1270 | |
1271 - Function: hash-table-rehash-test TABLE | |
1272 | |
1273 Returns the test TABLE uses to compare keys. | |
1274 | |
1275 - Function: hash-table-weakness TABLE | |
1276 | |
1277 Returns the weakness specified for TABLE. | |
1278 | |
1279 - Function: clrhash TABLE | |
1280 | |
1281 Clear TABLE. | |
1282 | |
1283 - Function: gethash KEY TABLE &optional DEFAULT | |
1284 | |
1285 Look up KEY in TABLE and return its associated VALUE or DEFAULT if | |
1286 not found. | |
1287 | |
26264 | 1288 - Function: puthash KEY VALUE TABLE |
25853 | 1289 |
1290 Associate KEY with VALUE in TABLE. If KEY is already associated with | |
1291 another value, replace the old value with VALUE. | |
1292 | |
1293 - Function: remhash KEY TABLE | |
1294 | |
1295 Remove KEY from TABLE if it is there. | |
1296 | |
1297 - Function: maphash FUNCTION TABLE | |
1298 | |
1299 Call FUNCTION for all elements in TABLE. FUNCTION must take two | |
1300 arguments KEY and VALUE. | |
1301 | |
1302 - Function: sxhash OBJ | |
1303 | |
1304 Return a hash code for Lisp object OBJ. | |
1305 | |
1306 - Function: define-hash-table-test NAME TEST-FN HASH-FN | |
1307 | |
1308 Define a new hash table test named NAME. If NAME is specified as | |
1309 a test in `make-hash-table', the table created will use TEST-FN for | |
26264 | 1310 comparing keys, and HASH-FN to compute hash codes for keys. Test |
25853 | 1311 and hash function are stored as symbol property `hash-table-test' |
1312 of NAME with a value of (TEST-FN HASH-FN). | |
1313 | |
1314 TEST-FN must take two arguments and return non-nil if they are the same. | |
1315 | |
1316 HASH-FN must take one argument and return an integer that is the hash | |
1317 code of the argument. The function should use the whole range of | |
1318 integer values for hash code computation, including negative integers. | |
1319 | |
1320 Example: The following creates a hash table whose keys are supposed to | |
1321 be strings that are compared case-insensitively. | |
1322 | |
1323 (defun case-fold-string= (a b) | |
1324 (compare-strings a nil nil b nil nil t)) | |
1325 | |
1326 (defun case-fold-string-hash (a) | |
1327 (sxhash (upcase a))) | |
1328 | |
26264 | 1329 (define-hash-table-test 'case-fold 'case-fold-string= |
25853 | 1330 'case-fold-string-hash)) |
1331 | |
1332 (make-hash-table :test 'case-fold) | |
1333 | |
1334 +++ | |
1335 ** The Lisp reader handles circular structure. | |
1336 | |
1337 It now works to use the #N= and #N# constructs to represent | |
1338 circular structures. For example, #1=(a . #1#) represents | |
1339 a cons cell which is its own cdr. | |
1340 | |
1341 +++ | |
1342 ** The Lisp printer handles circular structure. | |
1343 | |
1344 If you bind print-circle to a non-nil value, the Lisp printer outputs | |
1345 #N= and #N# constructs to represent circular and shared structure. | |
1346 | |
1347 +++ | |
1348 ** If the second argument to `move-to-column' is anything but nil or | |
1349 t, that means replace a tab with spaces if necessary to reach the | |
1350 specified column, but do not add spaces at the end of the line if it | |
1351 is too short to reach that column. | |
1352 | |
1353 +++ | |
1354 ** perform-replace has a new feature: the REPLACEMENTS argument may | |
1355 now be a cons cell (FUNCTION . DATA). This means to call FUNCTION | |
1356 after each match to get the replacement text. FUNCTION is called with | |
1357 two arguments: DATA, and the number of replacements already made. | |
1358 | |
1359 If the FROM-STRING contains any upper-case letters, | |
1360 perform-replace also turns off `case-fold-search' temporarily | |
1361 and inserts the replacement text without altering case in it. | |
1362 | |
1363 +++ | |
1364 ** The function buffer-size now accepts an optional argument | |
1365 to specify which buffer to return the size of. | |
1366 | |
1367 +++ | |
1368 ** The calendar motion commands now run the normal hook | |
1369 calendar-move-hook after moving point. | |
1370 | |
1371 +++ | |
1372 ** The new variable small-temporary-file-directory specifies a | |
1373 directory to use for creating temporary files that are likely to be | |
1374 small. (Certain Emacs features use this directory.) If | |
1375 small-temporary-file-directory is nil, they use | |
1376 temporary-file-directory instead. | |
1377 | |
1378 +++ | |
1379 ** The variable `inhibit-modification-hooks', if non-nil, inhibits all | |
1380 the hooks that track changes in the buffer. This affects | |
1381 `before-change-functions' and `after-change-functions', as well as | |
1382 hooks attached to text properties and overlay properties. | |
1383 | |
1384 +++ | |
1385 ** assoc-delete-all is a new function that deletes all the | |
1386 elements of an alist which have a particular value as the car. | |
1387 | |
1388 +++ | |
1389 ** make-temp-file provides a more reliable way to create a temporary file. | |
1390 | |
1391 make-temp-file is used like make-temp-name, except that it actually | |
1392 creates the file before it returns. This prevents a timing error, | |
1393 ensuring that no other job can use the same name for a temporary file. | |
1394 | |
1395 +++ | |
1396 ** New exclusive-open feature in `write-region' | |
1397 | |
1398 The optional seventh arg is now called MUSTBENEW. If non-nil, it insists | |
1399 on a check for an existing file with the same name. If MUSTBENEW | |
1400 is `excl', that means to get an error if the file already exists; | |
1401 never overwrite. If MUSTBENEW is neither nil nor `excl', that means | |
1402 ask for confirmation before overwriting, but do go ahead and | |
1403 overwrite the file if the user gives confirmation. | |
1404 | |
1405 If the MUSTBENEW argument in `write-region' is `excl', | |
1406 that means to use a special feature in the `open' system call | |
1407 to get an error if the file exists at that time. | |
1408 The error reported is `file-already-exists'. | |
1409 | |
1410 +++ | |
1411 ** Function `format' now handles text properties. | |
1412 | |
1413 Text properties of the format string are applied to the result string. | |
1414 If the result string is longer than the format string, text properties | |
1415 ending at the end of the format string are extended to the end of the | |
1416 result string. | |
1417 | |
1418 Text properties from string arguments are applied to the result | |
1419 string where arguments appear in the result string. | |
1420 | |
1421 Example: | |
1422 | |
1423 (let ((s1 "hello, %s") | |
1424 (s2 "world")) | |
1425 (put-text-property 0 (length s1) 'face 'bold s1) | |
1426 (put-text-property 0 (length s2) 'face 'italic s2) | |
26034 | 1427 (format s1 s2)) |
25853 | 1428 |
1429 results in a bold-face string with an italic `world' at the end. | |
1430 | |
1431 +++ | |
1432 ** Messages can now be displayed with text properties. | |
1433 | |
1434 Text properties are handled as described above for function `format'. | |
1435 The following example displays a bold-face message with an italic | |
1436 argument in it. | |
1437 | |
1438 (let ((msg "hello, %s!") | |
1439 (arg "world")) | |
1440 (put-text-property 0 (length msg) 'face 'bold msg) | |
1441 (put-text-property 0 (length arg) 'face 'italic arg) | |
1442 (message msg arg)) | |
1443 | |
1444 +++ | |
1445 ** Sound support | |
1446 | |
1447 Emacs supports playing sound files on GNU/Linux and the free BSDs | |
1448 (Voxware driver and native BSD driver, aka as Luigi's driver). | |
1449 | |
1450 Currently supported file formats are RIFF-WAVE (*.wav) and Sun Audio | |
1451 (*.au). You must configure Emacs with the option `--with-sound=yes' | |
1452 to enable sound support. | |
1453 | |
1454 Sound files can be played by calling (play-sound SOUND). SOUND is a | |
1455 list of the form `(sound PROPERTY...)'. The function is only defined | |
1456 when sound support is present for the system on which Emacs runs. The | |
1457 functions runs `play-sound-functions' with one argument which is the | |
1458 sound to play, before playing the sound. | |
1459 | |
1460 The following sound properties are supported: | |
1461 | |
1462 - `:file FILE' | |
1463 | |
1464 FILE is a file name. If FILE isn't an absolute name, it will be | |
1465 searched relative to `data-directory'. | |
1466 | |
27148 | 1467 - `:data DATA' |
1468 | |
1469 DATA is a string containing sound data. Either :file or :data | |
1470 may be present, but not both. | |
1471 | |
25853 | 1472 - `:volume VOLUME' |
1473 | |
1474 VOLUME must be an integer in the range 0..100 or a float in the range | |
1475 0..1. This property is optional. | |
1476 | |
1477 Other properties are ignored. | |
1478 | |
1479 ** `multimedia' is a new Finder keyword and Custom group. | |
26933 | 1480 |
1481 ** keywordp is a new predicate to test efficiently for an object being | |
1482 a keyword symbol. | |
27145
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|
1483 |
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|
1484 ** Changes to garbage collection |
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|
1485 |
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|
1486 *** The function garbage-collect now additionally returns the number |
01abacc81cce
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|
1487 of live and free strings. |
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|
1488 |
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|
1489 *** There is a new variable `strings-consed' holding the number of |
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|
1490 strings that have been consed so far. |
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|
1491 |
25853 | 1492 |
1493 * New Lisp-level Display features in Emacs 21.1 | |
1494 | |
1495 Note that +++ before an item means the Lisp manual has been updated. | |
1496 --- means that I have decided it does not need to be in the Lisp manual. | |
1497 When you add a new item, please add it without either +++ or --- | |
1498 so I will know I still need to look at it -- rms. | |
1499 | |
1500 ** New face implementation. | |
1501 | |
1502 Emacs faces have been reimplemented from scratch. They don't use XLFD | |
1503 font names anymore and face merging now works as expected. | |
1504 | |
1505 +++ | |
1506 *** New faces. | |
1507 | |
1508 Each face can specify the following display attributes: | |
1509 | |
1510 1. Font family or fontset alias name. | |
26264 | 1511 |
25853 | 1512 2. Relative proportionate width, aka character set width or set |
1513 width (swidth), e.g. `semi-compressed'. | |
26264 | 1514 |
25853 | 1515 3. Font height in 1/10pt |
26264 | 1516 |
25853 | 1517 4. Font weight, e.g. `bold'. |
26264 | 1518 |
25853 | 1519 5. Font slant, e.g. `italic'. |
26264 | 1520 |
25853 | 1521 6. Foreground color. |
26264 | 1522 |
25853 | 1523 7. Background color. |
1524 | |
1525 8. Whether or not characters should be underlined, and in what color. | |
1526 | |
1527 9. Whether or not characters should be displayed in inverse video. | |
1528 | |
1529 10. A background stipple, a bitmap. | |
1530 | |
1531 11. Whether or not characters should be overlined, and in what color. | |
1532 | |
1533 12. Whether or not characters should be strike-through, and in what | |
1534 color. | |
1535 | |
1536 13. Whether or not a box should be drawn around characters, its | |
1537 color, the width of the box lines, and 3D appearance. | |
1538 | |
1539 Faces are frame-local by nature because Emacs allows to define the | |
1540 same named face (face names are symbols) differently for different | |
1541 frames. Each frame has an alist of face definitions for all named | |
1542 faces. The value of a named face in such an alist is a Lisp vector | |
1543 with the symbol `face' in slot 0, and a slot for each each of the face | |
1544 attributes mentioned above. | |
1545 | |
1546 There is also a global face alist `face-new-frame-defaults'. Face | |
1547 definitions from this list are used to initialize faces of newly | |
1548 created frames. | |
26264 | 1549 |
25853 | 1550 A face doesn't have to specify all attributes. Those not specified |
1551 have a nil value. Faces specifying all attributes are called | |
1552 `fully-specified'. | |
1553 | |
1554 +++ | |
1555 *** Face merging. | |
1556 | |
1557 The display style of a given character in the text is determined by | |
1558 combining several faces. This process is called `face merging'. Any | |
1559 aspect of the display style that isn't specified by overlays or text | |
1560 properties is taken from the `default' face. Since it is made sure | |
1561 that the default face is always fully-specified, face merging always | |
1562 results in a fully-specified face. | |
1563 | |
1564 +++ | |
1565 *** Face realization. | |
1566 | |
1567 After all face attributes for a character have been determined by | |
1568 merging faces of that character, that face is `realized'. The | |
1569 realization process maps face attributes to what is physically | |
1570 available on the system where Emacs runs. The result is a `realized | |
1571 face' in form of an internal structure which is stored in the face | |
1572 cache of the frame on which it was realized. | |
1573 | |
1574 Face realization is done in the context of the charset of the | |
1575 character to display because different fonts and encodings are used | |
1576 for different charsets. In other words, for characters of different | |
1577 charsets, different realized faces are needed to display them. | |
1578 | |
1579 Except for composite characters, faces are always realized for a | |
1580 specific character set and contain a specific font, even if the face | |
1581 being realized specifies a fontset. The reason is that the result of | |
1582 the new font selection stage is better than what can be done with | |
1583 statically defined font name patterns in fontsets. | |
1584 | |
1585 In unibyte text, Emacs' charsets aren't applicable; function | |
1586 `char-charset' reports ASCII for all characters, including those > | |
1587 0x7f. The X registry and encoding of fonts to use is determined from | |
1588 the variable `face-default-registry' in this case. The variable is | |
1589 initialized at Emacs startup time from the font the user specified for | |
1590 Emacs. | |
1591 | |
1592 Currently all unibyte text, i.e. all buffers with | |
1593 `enable-multibyte-characters' nil are displayed with fonts of the same | |
1594 registry and encoding `face-default-registry'. This is consistent | |
1595 with the fact that languages can also be set globally, only. | |
1596 | |
1597 ++++ | |
1598 **** Clearing face caches. | |
1599 | |
1600 The Lisp function `clear-face-cache' can be called to clear face caches | |
1601 on all frames. If called with a non-nil argument, it will also unload | |
1602 unused fonts. | |
1603 | |
1604 +++ | |
1605 *** Font selection. | |
26264 | 1606 |
25853 | 1607 Font selection tries to find the best available matching font for a |
1608 given (charset, face) combination. This is done slightly differently | |
1609 for faces specifying a fontset, or a font family name. | |
1610 | |
1611 If the face specifies a fontset name, that fontset determines a | |
1612 pattern for fonts of the given charset. If the face specifies a font | |
1613 family, a font pattern is constructed. Charset symbols have a | |
1614 property `x-charset-registry' for that purpose that maps a charset to | |
1615 an XLFD registry and encoding in the font pattern constructed. | |
1616 | |
1617 Available fonts on the system on which Emacs runs are then matched | |
1618 against the font pattern. The result of font selection is the best | |
1619 match for the given face attributes in this font list. | |
1620 | |
1621 Font selection can be influenced by the user. | |
1622 | |
1623 The user can specify the relative importance he gives the face | |
1624 attributes width, height, weight, and slant by setting | |
1625 face-font-selection-order (faces.el) to a list of face attribute | |
1626 names. The default is (:width :height :weight :slant), and means | |
1627 that font selection first tries to find a good match for the font | |
1628 width specified by a face, then---within fonts with that width---tries | |
1629 to find a best match for the specified font height, etc. | |
1630 | |
1631 Setting `face-alternative-font-family-alist' allows the user to | |
1632 specify alternative font families to try if a family specified by a | |
1633 face doesn't exist. | |
1634 | |
1635 +++ | |
1636 **** Scalable fonts | |
1637 | |
1638 Emacs can make use of scalable fonts but doesn't do so by default, | |
1639 since the use of too many or too big scalable fonts may crash XFree86 | |
1640 servers. | |
1641 | |
1642 To enable scalable font use, set the variable | |
26034 | 1643 `scalable-fonts-allowed'. A value of nil, the default, means never use |
25853 | 1644 scalable fonts. A value of t means any scalable font may be used. |
1645 Otherwise, the value must be a list of regular expressions. A | |
1646 scalable font may then be used if it matches a regular expression from | |
1647 that list. Example: | |
1648 | |
1649 (setq scalable-fonts-allowed '("muleindian-2$")) | |
1650 | |
1651 allows the use of scalable fonts with registry `muleindian-2'. | |
1652 | |
1653 +++ | |
1654 *** Functions and variables related to font selection. | |
1655 | |
1656 - Function: x-family-fonts &optional FAMILY FRAME | |
1657 | |
1658 Return a list of available fonts of family FAMILY on FRAME. If FAMILY | |
1659 is omitted or nil, list all families. Otherwise, FAMILY must be a | |
1660 string, possibly containing wildcards `?' and `*'. | |
1661 | |
1662 If FRAME is omitted or nil, use the selected frame. Each element of | |
1663 the result is a vector [FAMILY WIDTH POINT-SIZE WEIGHT SLANT FIXED-P | |
1664 FULL REGISTRY-AND-ENCODING]. FAMILY is the font family name. | |
1665 POINT-SIZE is the size of the font in 1/10 pt. WIDTH, WEIGHT, and | |
1666 SLANT are symbols describing the width, weight and slant of the font. | |
1667 These symbols are the same as for face attributes. FIXED-P is non-nil | |
1668 if the font is fixed-pitch. FULL is the full name of the font, and | |
1669 REGISTRY-AND-ENCODING is a string giving the registry and encoding of | |
1670 the font. The result list is sorted according to the current setting | |
1671 of the face font sort order. | |
1672 | |
26264 | 1673 - Function: x-font-family-list |
25853 | 1674 |
1675 Return a list of available font families on FRAME. If FRAME is | |
1676 omitted or nil, use the selected frame. Value is a list of conses | |
1677 (FAMILY . FIXED-P) where FAMILY is a font family, and FIXED-P is | |
1678 non-nil if fonts of that family are fixed-pitch. | |
1679 | |
1680 - Variable: font-list-limit | |
1681 | |
1682 Limit for font matching. If an integer > 0, font matching functions | |
1683 won't load more than that number of fonts when searching for a | |
1684 matching font. The default is currently 100. | |
1685 | |
1686 +++ | |
1687 *** Setting face attributes. | |
1688 | |
1689 For the most part, the new face implementation is interface-compatible | |
1690 with the old one. Old face attribute related functions are now | |
1691 implemented in terms of the new functions `set-face-attribute' and | |
1692 `face-attribute'. | |
1693 | |
1694 Face attributes are identified by their names which are keyword | |
1695 symbols. All attributes can be set to `unspecified'. | |
1696 | |
1697 The following attributes are recognized: | |
1698 | |
1699 `:family' | |
1700 | |
1701 VALUE must be a string specifying the font family, e.g. ``courier'', | |
1702 or a fontset alias name. If a font family is specified, wild-cards `*' | |
1703 and `?' are allowed. | |
1704 | |
1705 `:width' | |
1706 | |
1707 VALUE specifies the relative proportionate width of the font to use. | |
1708 It must be one of the symbols `ultra-condensed', `extra-condensed', | |
1709 `condensed', `semi-condensed', `normal', `semi-expanded', `expanded', | |
1710 `extra-expanded', or `ultra-expanded'. | |
1711 | |
1712 `:height' | |
1713 | |
1714 VALUE must be an integer specifying the height of the font to use in | |
1715 1/10 pt. | |
1716 | |
1717 `:weight' | |
1718 | |
1719 VALUE specifies the weight of the font to use. It must be one of the | |
1720 symbols `ultra-bold', `extra-bold', `bold', `semi-bold', `normal', | |
1721 `semi-light', `light', `extra-light', `ultra-light'. | |
1722 | |
1723 `:slant' | |
1724 | |
1725 VALUE specifies the slant of the font to use. It must be one of the | |
1726 symbols `italic', `oblique', `normal', `reverse-italic', or | |
1727 `reverse-oblique'. | |
1728 | |
1729 `:foreground', `:background' | |
1730 | |
1731 VALUE must be a color name, a string. | |
1732 | |
1733 `:underline' | |
1734 | |
1735 VALUE specifies whether characters in FACE should be underlined. If | |
1736 VALUE is t, underline with foreground color of the face. If VALUE is | |
1737 a string, underline with that color. If VALUE is nil, explicitly | |
1738 don't underline. | |
1739 | |
1740 `:overline' | |
1741 | |
1742 VALUE specifies whether characters in FACE should be overlined. If | |
1743 VALUE is t, overline with foreground color of the face. If VALUE is a | |
1744 string, overline with that color. If VALUE is nil, explicitly don't | |
1745 overline. | |
1746 | |
1747 `:strike-through' | |
1748 | |
1749 VALUE specifies whether characters in FACE should be drawn with a line | |
1750 striking through them. If VALUE is t, use the foreground color of the | |
1751 face. If VALUE is a string, strike-through with that color. If VALUE | |
1752 is nil, explicitly don't strike through. | |
1753 | |
1754 `:box' | |
1755 | |
1756 VALUE specifies whether characters in FACE should have a box drawn | |
1757 around them. If VALUE is nil, explicitly don't draw boxes. If | |
1758 VALUE is t, draw a box with lines of width 1 in the foreground color | |
1759 of the face. If VALUE is a string, the string must be a color name, | |
1760 and the box is drawn in that color with a line width of 1. Otherwise, | |
1761 VALUE must be a property list of the form `(:line-width WIDTH | |
1762 :color COLOR :style STYLE)'. If a keyword/value pair is missing from | |
1763 the property list, a default value will be used for the value, as | |
1764 specified below. WIDTH specifies the width of the lines to draw; it | |
1765 defaults to 1. COLOR is the name of the color to draw in, default is | |
1766 the foreground color of the face for simple boxes, and the background | |
1767 color of the face for 3D boxes. STYLE specifies whether a 3D box | |
1768 should be draw. If STYLE is `released-button', draw a box looking | |
1769 like a released 3D button. If STYLE is `pressed-button' draw a box | |
1770 that appears like a pressed button. If STYLE is nil, the default if | |
1771 the property list doesn't contain a style specification, draw a 2D | |
1772 box. | |
1773 | |
1774 `:inverse-video' | |
1775 | |
1776 VALUE specifies whether characters in FACE should be displayed in | |
1777 inverse video. VALUE must be one of t or nil. | |
1778 | |
1779 `:stipple' | |
1780 | |
1781 If VALUE is a string, it must be the name of a file of pixmap data. | |
1782 The directories listed in the `x-bitmap-file-path' variable are | |
1783 searched. Alternatively, VALUE may be a list of the form (WIDTH | |
1784 HEIGHT DATA) where WIDTH and HEIGHT are the size in pixels, and DATA | |
1785 is a string containing the raw bits of the bitmap. VALUE nil means | |
1786 explicitly don't use a stipple pattern. | |
1787 | |
1788 For convenience, attributes `:family', `:width', `:height', `:weight', | |
1789 and `:slant' may also be set in one step from an X font name: | |
1790 | |
1791 `:font' | |
1792 | |
1793 Set font-related face attributes from VALUE. VALUE must be a valid | |
1794 XLFD font name. If it is a font name pattern, the first matching font | |
1795 is used--this is for compatibility with the behavior of previous | |
1796 versions of Emacs. | |
1797 | |
1798 For compatibility with Emacs 20, keywords `:bold' and `:italic' can | |
1799 be used to specify that a bold or italic font should be used. VALUE | |
1800 must be t or nil in that case. A value of `unspecified' is not allowed." | |
1801 | |
1802 Please see also the documentation of `set-face-attribute' and | |
1803 `defface'. | |
1804 | |
1805 *** Face attributes and X resources | |
1806 | |
1807 The following X resource names can be used to set face attributes | |
1808 from X resources: | |
1809 | |
1810 Face attribute X resource class | |
1811 ----------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
1812 :family attributeFamily . Face.AttributeFamily | |
1813 :width attributeWidth Face.AttributeWidth | |
1814 :height attributeHeight Face.AttributeHeight | |
1815 :weight attributeWeight Face.AttributeWeight | |
1816 :slant attributeSlant Face.AttributeSlant | |
1817 foreground attributeForeground Face.AttributeForeground | |
1818 :background attributeBackground . Face.AttributeBackground | |
1819 :overline attributeOverline Face.AttributeOverline | |
1820 :strike-through attributeStrikeThrough Face.AttributeStrikeThrough | |
1821 :box attributeBox Face.AttributeBox | |
1822 :underline attributeUnderline Face.AttributeUnderline | |
1823 :inverse-video attributeInverse Face.AttributeInverse | |
1824 :stipple attributeStipple Face.AttributeStipple | |
26264 | 1825 or attributeBackgroundPixmap |
25853 | 1826 Face.AttributeBackgroundPixmap |
1827 :font attributeFont Face.AttributeFont | |
1828 :bold attributeBold Face.AttributeBold | |
1829 :italic attributeItalic . Face.AttributeItalic | |
1830 :font attributeFont Face.AttributeFont | |
1831 | |
1832 +++ | |
1833 *** Text property `face'. | |
1834 | |
1835 The value of the `face' text property can now be a single face | |
1836 specification or a list of such specifications. Each face | |
1837 specification can be | |
1838 | |
1839 1. A symbol or string naming a Lisp face. | |
1840 | |
1841 2. A property list of the form (KEYWORD VALUE ...) where each | |
1842 KEYWORD is a face attribute name, and VALUE is an appropriate value | |
1843 for that attribute. Please see the doc string of `set-face-attribute' | |
1844 for face attribute names. | |
1845 | |
1846 3. Conses of the form (FOREGROUND-COLOR . COLOR) or | |
1847 (BACKGROUND-COLOR . COLOR) where COLOR is a color name. This is | |
1848 for compatibility with previous Emacs versions. | |
1849 | |
1850 +++ | |
1851 ** Support functions for colors on text-only terminals. | |
1852 | |
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1853 The function `tty-color-define' can be used to define colors for use |
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1854 on TTY and MSDOS frames. It maps a color name to a color number on |
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1855 the terminal. Emacs defines a couple of common color mappings by |
25853 | 1856 default. You can get defined colors with a call to |
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1857 `defined-colors'. The function `tty-color-clear' can be |
25853 | 1858 used to clear the mapping table. |
1859 | |
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1860 ** Unified support for colors independent of frame type. |
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1861 |
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1862 The new functions `defined-colors', `color-defined-p', `color-values', |
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1863 and `display-color-p' work for any type of frame. On frames whose |
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1864 type is neither x nor w32, these functions transparently map X-style |
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1865 color specifications to the closest colors supported by the frame |
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1866 display. Lisp programs should use these new functions instead of the |
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1867 old `x-defined-colors', `x-color-defined-p', `x-color-values', and |
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1868 `x-display-color-p'. (The old function names are still available for |
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1869 compatibility; they are now aliases of the new names.) Lisp programs |
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1870 should no more look at the value of the variable window-system to |
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1871 modify their color-related behavior. |
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1872 |
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1873 The primitives `color-gray-p' and `color-supported-p' also work for |
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1874 any frame type. |
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1875 |
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1876 ** Platform-independent functions to describe display capabilities. |
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1877 |
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1878 The new functions `display-mouse-p', `display-popup-menus-p', |
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1879 `display-graphic-p', `display-selections-p', `display-screens', |
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1880 `display-pixel-width', `display-pixel-height', `display-mm-width', |
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1881 `display-mm-height', `display-backing-store', `display-save-under', |
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1882 `display-planes', `display-color-cells', `display-visual-class', and |
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1883 `display-grayscale-p' describe the basic capabilities of a particular |
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1884 display. Lisp programs should call these functions instead of testing |
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1885 the value of the variables `window-system' or `system-type', or calling |
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1886 platform-specific functions such as `x-display-pixel-width'. |
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1887 |
25853 | 1888 +++ |
1889 ** The minibuffer prompt is now actually inserted in the minibuffer. | |
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1890 |
25853 | 1891 This makes it possible to scroll through the prompt, if you want to. |
1892 | |
1893 The function minubuffer-prompt-end returns the current position of the | |
1894 end of the minibuffer prompt, if the minibuffer is current. | |
1895 Otherwise, it returns zero. | |
1896 | |
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1897 ** New `field' abstraction in buffers. |
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1898 |
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1899 There is now code to support an abstraction called `fields' in emacs |
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1900 buffers. A field is a contiguous region of text with the same `field' |
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1901 text-property. |
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1902 |
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1903 Many emacs functions, such as forward-word, forward-sentence, |
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1904 forward-paragraph, beginning-of-line, etc., stop moving when they come |
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1905 to the boundary between fields; beginning-of-line and end-of-line will |
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1906 not let the point move past the field boundary, but other movement |
27144 | 1907 commands continue into the next field if repeated. Stopping at field |
1908 boundaries can be suppressed programmatically by binding | |
1909 `inhibit-field-text-motion' to a non-nil value around calls to these | |
1910 functions. | |
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1911 |
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1912 Now that the minibuffer prompt is inserted into the minibuffer, it is in |
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1913 a separate field from the user-input part of the buffer, so that common |
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1914 editing commands treat the user's text separately from the prompt. |
25853 | 1915 |
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1916 The following functions are defined for operating on fields: |
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1917 |
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1918 - Function: constrain-to-field NEW-POS OLD-POS &optional ESCAPE-FROM-EDGE ONLY-IN-LINE |
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1919 |
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1920 Return the position closest to NEW-POS that is in the same field as OLD-POS. |
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1921 A field is a region of text with the same `field' property. |
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1922 If NEW-POS is nil, then the current point is used instead, and set to the |
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1923 constrained position if that is is different. |
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1924 |
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1925 If OLD-POS is at the boundary of two fields, then the allowable |
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1926 positions for NEW-POS depends on the value of the optional argument |
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1927 ESCAPE-FROM-EDGE: If ESCAPE-FROM-EDGE is nil, then NEW-POS is |
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1928 constrained to the field that has the same `field' text-property |
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1929 as any new characters inserted at OLD-POS, whereas if ESCAPE-FROM-EDGE |
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1930 is non-nil, NEW-POS is constrained to the union of the two adjacent |
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1931 fields. |
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1932 |
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1933 If the optional argument ONLY-IN-LINE is non-nil and constraining |
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1934 NEW-POS would move it to a different line, NEW-POS is returned |
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1935 unconstrained. This useful for commands that move by line, like |
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1936 C-n or C-a, which should generally respect field boundaries |
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1937 only in the case where they can still move to the right line. |
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1938 |
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1939 - Function: erase-field &optional POS |
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1940 |
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1941 Erases the field surrounding POS. |
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1942 A field is a region of text with the same `field' property. |
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1943 If POS is nil, the position of the current buffer's point is used. |
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1944 |
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1945 - Function: field-beginning &optional POS ESCAPE-FROM-EDGE |
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1946 |
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1947 Return the beginning of the field surrounding POS. |
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1948 A field is a region of text with the same `field' property. |
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1949 If POS is nil, the position of the current buffer's point is used. |
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1950 If ESCAPE-FROM-EDGE is non-nil and POS is already at beginning of an |
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1951 field, then the beginning of the *previous* field is returned. |
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1952 |
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1953 - Function: field-end &optional POS ESCAPE-FROM-EDGE |
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1954 |
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1955 Return the end of the field surrounding POS. |
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1956 A field is a region of text with the same `field' property. |
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1957 If POS is nil, the position of the current buffer's point is used. |
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1958 If ESCAPE-FROM-EDGE is non-nil and POS is already at end of a field, |
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1959 then the end of the *following* field is returned. |
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1960 |
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1961 - Function: field-string &optional POS |
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1962 |
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1963 Return the contents of the field surrounding POS as a string. |
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1964 A field is a region of text with the same `field' property. |
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1965 If POS is nil, the position of the current buffer's point is used. |
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1966 |
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1967 - Function: field-string-no-properties &optional POS |
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1968 |
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1969 Return the contents of the field around POS, without text-properties. |
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1970 A field is a region of text with the same `field' property. |
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1971 If POS is nil, the position of the current buffer's point is used. |
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1972 |
25853 | 1973 +++ |
1974 ** Image support. | |
1975 | |
1976 Emacs can now display images. Images are inserted into text by giving | |
1977 strings or buffer text a `display' text property containing one of | |
1978 (AREA IMAGE) or IMAGE. The display of the `display' property value | |
1979 replaces the display of the characters having that property. | |
1980 | |
1981 If the property value has the form (AREA IMAGE), AREA must be one of | |
1982 `(margin left-margin)', `(margin right-margin)' or `(margin nil)'. If | |
1983 AREA is `(margin nil)', IMAGE will be displayed in the text area of a | |
1984 window, otherwise it will be displayed in the left or right marginal | |
1985 area. | |
1986 | |
1987 IMAGE is an image specification. | |
1988 | |
1989 *** Image specifications | |
1990 | |
1991 Image specifications are lists of the form `(image PROPS)' where PROPS | |
1992 is a property list whose keys are keyword symbols. Each | |
1993 specifications must contain a property `:type TYPE' with TYPE being a | |
26403 | 1994 symbol specifying the image type, e.g. `xbm'. Properties not |
1995 described below are ignored. | |
25853 | 1996 |
1997 The following is a list of properties all image types share. | |
1998 | |
1999 `:ascent ASCENT' | |
2000 | |
2001 ASCENT must be a number in the range 0..100, and specifies the percentage | |
2002 of the image's height to use for its ascent. Default is 50. | |
2003 | |
2004 `:margin MARGIN' | |
2005 | |
26264 | 2006 MARGIN must be a number >= 0 specifying how many pixels to put as |
25853 | 2007 margin around the image. Default is 0. |
2008 | |
2009 `:relief RELIEF' | |
2010 | |
2011 RELIEF is analogous to the `:relief' attribute of faces. Puts a relief | |
2012 around an image. | |
2013 | |
2014 `:algorithm ALGO' | |
2015 | |
2016 Apply an image algorithm to the image before displaying it. ALGO must | |
2017 be a symbol specifying the algorithm. Currently only `laplace' is | |
2018 supported which applies a Laplace edge detection algorithm to an image | |
2019 which is intended to display images "disabled." | |
2020 | |
2021 `:heuristic-mask BG' | |
2022 | |
2023 If BG is not nil, build a clipping mask for the image, so that the | |
2024 background of a frame is visible behind the image. If BG is t, | |
2025 determine the background color of the image by looking at the 4 | |
2026 corners of the image, assuming the most frequently occuring color from | |
2027 the corners is the background color of the image. Otherwise, BG must | |
2028 be a list `(RED GREEN BLUE)' specifying the color to assume for the | |
2029 background of the image. | |
2030 | |
2031 `:file FILE' | |
2032 | |
2033 Load image from FILE. If FILE is not absolute after expanding it, | |
2034 search for the image in `data-directory'. Some image types support | |
2035 building images from data. When this is done, no `:file' property | |
2036 may be present in the image specification. | |
2037 | |
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2038 `:data DATA' |
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2039 |
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2040 Get image data from DATA. (As of this writing, this is not yet |
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2041 supported for image type `postscript'). Either :file or :data may be |
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2042 present in an image specification, but not both. All image types |
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2043 support strings as DATA, some types allow additional types of DATA. |
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2044 |
25853 | 2045 *** Supported image types |
2046 | |
26034 | 2047 **** XBM, image type `xbm'. |
25853 | 2048 |
2049 XBM images don't require an external library. Additional image | |
2050 properties supported are | |
2051 | |
2052 `:foreground FG' | |
2053 | |
2054 FG must be a string specifying the image foreground color. Default | |
2055 is the frame's foreground. | |
2056 | |
2057 `:background FG' | |
2058 | |
2059 BG must be a string specifying the image foreground color. Default is | |
2060 the frame's background color. | |
2061 | |
2062 XBM images can be constructed from data instead of file. In this | |
2063 case, the image specification must contain the following properties | |
2064 instead of a `:file' property. | |
2065 | |
2066 `:width WIDTH' | |
2067 | |
2068 WIDTH specifies the width of the image in pixels. | |
2069 | |
2070 `:height HEIGHT' | |
2071 | |
2072 HEIGHT specifies the height of the image in pixels. | |
2073 | |
2074 `:data DATA' | |
2075 | |
2076 DATA must be either | |
2077 | |
2078 1. a string large enough to hold the bitmap data, i.e. it must | |
2079 have a size >= (WIDTH + 7) / 8 * HEIGHT | |
2080 | |
2081 2. a bool-vector of size >= WIDTH * HEIGHT | |
2082 | |
2083 3. a vector of strings or bool-vectors, one for each line of the | |
2084 bitmap. | |
2085 | |
2086 **** XPM, image type `xpm' | |
2087 | |
2088 XPM images require the external library `libXpm', package | |
2089 `xpm-3.4k.tar.gz', version 3.4k or later. Make sure the library is | |
2090 found when Emacs is configured by supplying appropriate paths via | |
2091 `--x-includes' and `--x-libraries'. | |
2092 | |
2093 Additional image properties supported are: | |
2094 | |
2095 `:color-symbols SYMBOLS' | |
2096 | |
2097 SYMBOLS must be a list of pairs (NAME . COLOR), with NAME being the | |
2098 name of color as it appears in an XPM file, and COLOR being an X color | |
2099 name. | |
2100 | |
2101 XPM images can be built from memory instead of files. In that case, | |
2102 add a `:data' property instead of a `:file' property. | |
2103 | |
2104 The XPM library uses libz in its implementation so that it is able | |
2105 to display compressed images. | |
2106 | |
2107 **** PBM, image type `pbm' | |
2108 | |
2109 PBM images don't require an external library. Color, gray-scale and | |
2110 mono images are supported. There are no additional image properties | |
2111 defined. | |
2112 | |
2113 **** JPEG, image type `jpeg' | |
2114 | |
2115 Support for JPEG images requires the external library `libjpeg', | |
27055 | 2116 package `jpegsrc.v6a.tar.gz', or later. Additional image properties |
2117 are: | |
2118 | |
25853 | 2119 **** TIFF, image type `tiff' |
2120 | |
2121 Support for TIFF images requires the external library `libtiff', | |
2122 package `tiff-v3.4-tar.gz', or later. There are no additional image | |
2123 properties defined. | |
2124 | |
2125 **** GIF, image type `gif' | |
2126 | |
2127 Support for GIF images requires the external library `libungif', package | |
2128 `libungif-4.1.0', or later. | |
2129 | |
2130 Additional image properties supported are: | |
2131 | |
2132 `:index INDEX' | |
2133 | |
2134 INDEX must be an integer >= 0. Load image number INDEX from a | |
2135 multi-image GIF file. An error is signalled if INDEX is too large. | |
2136 | |
2137 This could be used to implement limited support for animated GIFs. | |
2138 For example, the following function displays a multi-image GIF file | |
2139 at point-min in the current buffer, switching between sub-images | |
2140 every 0.1 seconds. | |
2141 | |
2142 (defun show-anim (file max) | |
2143 "Display multi-image GIF file FILE which contains MAX subimages." | |
2144 (display-anim (current-buffer) file 0 max t)) | |
2145 | |
2146 (defun display-anim (buffer file idx max first-time) | |
2147 (when (= idx max) | |
2148 (setq idx 0)) | |
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2149 (let ((img (create-image file nil nil :index idx))) |
25853 | 2150 (save-excursion |
2151 (set-buffer buffer) | |
2152 (goto-char (point-min)) | |
2153 (unless first-time (delete-char 1)) | |
2154 (insert-image img "x")) | |
2155 (run-with-timer 0.1 nil 'display-anim buffer file (1+ idx) max nil))) | |
2156 | |
2157 **** PNG, image type `png' | |
2158 | |
2159 Support for PNG images requires the external library `libpng', | |
2160 package `libpng-1.0.2.tar.gz', or later. There are no additional image | |
2161 properties defined. | |
2162 | |
2163 **** Ghostscript, image type `postscript'. | |
2164 | |
2165 Additional image properties supported are: | |
2166 | |
2167 `:pt-width WIDTH' | |
2168 | |
2169 WIDTH is width of the image in pt (1/72 inch). WIDTH must be an | |
26034 | 2170 integer. This is a required property. |
25853 | 2171 |
2172 `:pt-height HEIGHT' | |
2173 | |
2174 HEIGHT specifies the height of the image in pt (1/72 inch). HEIGHT | |
26034 | 2175 must be a integer. This is an required property. |
25853 | 2176 |
2177 `:bounding-box BOX' | |
2178 | |
2179 BOX must be a list or vector of 4 integers giving the bounding box of | |
2180 the PS image, analogous to the `BoundingBox' comment found in PS | |
2181 files. This is an required property. | |
2182 | |
2183 Part of the Ghostscript interface is implemented in Lisp. See | |
2184 lisp/gs.el. | |
2185 | |
2186 *** Lisp interface. | |
2187 | |
26264 | 2188 The variable `image-types' contains a list of those image types |
2189 which are supported in the current configuration. | |
25853 | 2190 |
2191 Images are stored in an image cache and removed from the cache when | |
2192 they haven't been displayed for `image-cache-eviction-delay seconds. | |
2193 The function `clear-image-cache' can be used to clear the image cache | |
2194 manually. | |
2195 | |
2196 *** Simplified image API, image.el | |
2197 | |
2198 The new Lisp package image.el contains functions that simplify image | |
2199 creation and putting images into text. The function `create-image' | |
2200 can be used to create images. The macro `defimage' can be used to | |
2201 define an image based on available image types. The functions | |
2202 `put-image' and `insert-image' can be used to insert an image into a | |
2203 buffer. | |
2204 | |
2205 +++ | |
2206 ** Display margins. | |
2207 | |
2208 Windows can now have margins which are used for special text | |
2209 and images. | |
2210 | |
2211 To give a window margins, either set the buffer-local variables | |
2212 `left-margin-width' and `right-margin-width', or call | |
2213 `set-window-margins'. The function `window-margins' can be used to | |
2214 obtain the current settings. To make `left-margin-width' and | |
2215 `right-margin-width' take effect, you must set them before displaying | |
2216 the buffer in a window, or use `set-window-buffer' to force an update | |
2217 of the display margins. | |
2218 | |
2219 You can put text in margins by giving it a `display' text property | |
2220 containing a pair of the form `(LOCATION . VALUE)', where LOCATION is | |
2221 one of `left-margin' or `right-margin' or nil. VALUE can be either a | |
2222 string, an image specification or a stretch specification (see later | |
2223 in this file). | |
2224 | |
2225 +++ | |
2226 ** Help display | |
2227 | |
2228 Emacs displays short help messages in the echo area, when the mouse | |
2229 moves over a tool-bar item or a piece of text that has a text property | |
2230 `help-echo'. This feature also applies to strings in the mode line | |
2231 that have a `help-echo' property. | |
2232 | |
2233 The value of the `help-echo' property must be a string. For tool-bar | |
2234 items, their key definition is used to determine the help to display. | |
2235 If their definition contains a property `:help FORM', FORM is | |
2236 evaluated to determine the help string. Otherwise, the caption of the | |
2237 tool-bar item is used. | |
2238 | |
2239 The hook `show-help-function' can be set to a function that displays | |
2240 help differently. For example, enabling a tooltip window causes the | |
2241 help display to appear there instead of in the echo area. | |
2242 | |
2243 +++ | |
2244 ** Vertical fractional scrolling. | |
2245 | |
2246 The display of text in windows can be scrolled smoothly in pixels. | |
2247 This is useful, for example, for making parts of large images visible. | |
2248 | |
2249 The function `window-vscroll' returns the current value of vertical | |
2250 scrolling, a non-negative fraction of the canonical character height. | |
2251 The function `set-window-vscroll' can be used to set the vertical | |
2252 scrolling value. Here is an example of how these function might be | |
2253 used. | |
2254 | |
26264 | 2255 (global-set-key [A-down] |
2256 #'(lambda () | |
25853 | 2257 (interactive) |
26264 | 2258 (set-window-vscroll (selected-window) |
25853 | 2259 (+ 0.5 (window-vscroll))))) |
26264 | 2260 (global-set-key [A-up] |
25853 | 2261 #'(lambda () |
2262 (interactive) | |
26264 | 2263 (set-window-vscroll (selected-window) |
25853 | 2264 (- (window-vscroll) 0.5))))) |
2265 | |
2266 +++ | |
2267 ** New hook `fontification-functions'. | |
2268 | |
2269 Functions from `fontification-functions' are called from redisplay | |
2270 when it encounters a region of text that is not yet fontified. This | |
2271 variable automatically becomes buffer-local when set. Each function | |
2272 is called with one argument, POS. | |
2273 | |
2274 At least one of the hook functions should fontify one or more | |
2275 characters starting at POS in the current buffer. It should mark them | |
2276 as fontified by giving them a non-nil value of the `fontified' text | |
2277 property. It may be reasonable for these functions to check for the | |
2278 `fontified' property and not put it back on, but they do not have to. | |
2279 | |
2280 +++ | |
2281 ** Tool bar support. | |
2282 | |
2283 Emacs supports a tool bar at the top of a frame under X. The frame | |
2284 parameter `tool-bar-lines' (X resource "toolBar", class "ToolBar") | |
2285 controls how may lines to reserve for the tool bar. A zero value | |
2286 suppresses the tool bar. If the value is non-zero and | |
2287 `auto-resize-tool-bars' is non-nil the tool bar's size will be changed | |
2288 automatically so that all tool bar items are visible. | |
2289 | |
2290 *** Tool bar item definitions | |
2291 | |
2292 Tool bar items are defined using `define-key' with a prefix-key | |
2293 `tool-bar'. For example `(define-key global-map [tool-bar item1] ITEM)' | |
2294 where ITEM is a list `(menu-item CAPTION BINDING PROPS...)'. | |
26264 | 2295 |
25853 | 2296 CAPTION is the caption of the item, If it's not a string, it is |
2297 evaluated to get a string. The caption is currently not displayed in | |
2298 the tool bar, but it is displayed if the item doesn't have a `:help' | |
2299 property (see below). | |
26264 | 2300 |
25853 | 2301 BINDING is the tool bar item's binding. Tool bar items with keymaps as |
2302 binding are currently ignored. | |
2303 | |
2304 The following properties are recognized: | |
2305 | |
2306 `:enable FORM'. | |
26264 | 2307 |
25853 | 2308 FORM is evaluated and specifies whether the tool bar item is enabled |
2309 or disabled. | |
26264 | 2310 |
25853 | 2311 `:visible FORM' |
26264 | 2312 |
25853 | 2313 FORM is evaluated and specifies whether the tool bar item is displayed. |
26264 | 2314 |
25853 | 2315 `:filter FUNCTION' |
2316 | |
2317 FUNCTION is called with one parameter, the same list BINDING in which | |
2318 FUNCTION is specified as the filter. The value FUNCTION returns is | |
2319 used instead of BINDING to display this item. | |
26264 | 2320 |
25853 | 2321 `:button (TYPE SELECTED)' |
2322 | |
2323 TYPE must be one of `:radio' or `:toggle'. SELECTED is evaluated | |
2324 and specifies whether the button is selected (pressed) or not. | |
26264 | 2325 |
25853 | 2326 `:image IMAGES' |
2327 | |
2328 IMAGES is either a single image specification or a vector of four | |
2329 image specifications. If it is a vector, this table lists the | |
2330 meaning of each of the four elements: | |
2331 | |
2332 Index Use when item is | |
2333 ---------------------------------------- | |
2334 0 enabled and selected | |
2335 1 enabled and deselected | |
2336 2 disabled and selected | |
2337 3 disabled and deselected | |
26264 | 2338 |
25853 | 2339 `:help HELP-STRING'. |
26264 | 2340 |
25853 | 2341 Gives a help string to display for the tool bar item. This help |
2342 is displayed when the mouse is moved over the item. | |
2343 | |
2344 *** Tool-bar-related variables. | |
2345 | |
2346 If `auto-resize-tool-bar' is non-nil, the tool bar will automatically | |
2347 resize to show all defined tool bar items. It will never grow larger | |
2348 than 1/4 of the frame's size. | |
2349 | |
26264 | 2350 If `auto-raise-tool-bar-buttons' is non-nil, tool bar buttons will be |
25853 | 2351 raised when the mouse moves over them. |
2352 | |
2353 You can add extra space between tool bar items by setting | |
2354 `tool-bar-button-margin' to a positive integer specifying a number of | |
2355 pixels. Default is 1. | |
2356 | |
2357 You can change the shadow thickness of tool bar buttons by setting | |
2358 `tool-bar-button-relief' to an integer. Default is 3. | |
2359 | |
2360 *** Tool-bar clicks with modifiers. | |
2361 | |
2362 You can bind commands to clicks with control, shift, meta etc. on | |
26264 | 2363 a tool bar item. If |
25853 | 2364 |
2365 (define-key global-map [tool-bar shell] | |
2366 '(menu-item "Shell" shell | |
2367 :image (image :type xpm :file "shell.xpm"))) | |
2368 | |
2369 is the original tool bar item definition, then | |
2370 | |
2371 (define-key global-map [tool-bar S-shell] 'some-command) | |
2372 | |
2373 makes a binding to run `some-command' for a shifted click on the same | |
2374 item. | |
2375 | |
2376 ** Mode line changes. | |
2377 | |
2378 +++ | |
2379 *** Mouse-sensitive mode line. | |
2380 | |
2381 The mode line can be made mouse-sensitive by displaying strings there | |
2382 that have a `local-map' text property. There are three ways to display | |
2383 a string with a `local-map' property in the mode line. | |
2384 | |
2385 1. The mode line spec contains a variable whose string value has | |
2386 a `local-map' text property. | |
2387 | |
2388 2. The mode line spec contains a format specifier (e.g. `%12b'), and | |
2389 that format specifier has a `local-map' property. | |
2390 | |
2391 3. The mode line spec contains a list containing `:eval FORM'. FORM | |
2392 is evaluated. If the result is a string, and that string has a | |
2393 `local-map' property. | |
2394 | |
2395 The same mechanism is used to determine the `face' and `help-echo' | |
2396 properties of strings in the mode line. See `bindings.el' for an | |
2397 example. | |
2398 | |
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2399 *** If a mode line element has the form `(:eval FORM)', FORM is |
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2400 evaluated and the result is used as mode line element. |
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2401 |
25853 | 2402 +++ |
2403 *** You can suppress mode-line display by setting the buffer-local | |
2404 variable mode-line-format to nil. | |
2405 | |
2406 +++ | |
2407 *** A headerline can now be displayed at the top of a window. | |
2408 | |
2409 This mode line's contents are controlled by the new variable | |
2410 `header-line-format' and `default-header-line-format' which are | |
2411 completely analogous to `mode-line-format' and | |
2412 `default-mode-line-format'. A value of nil means don't display a top | |
2413 line. | |
2414 | |
2415 The appearance of top mode lines is controlled by the face | |
2416 `header-line'. | |
2417 | |
2418 The function `coordinates-in-window-p' returns `header-line' for a | |
2419 position in the header-line. | |
2420 | |
2421 +++ | |
2422 ** Text property `display' | |
2423 | |
2424 The `display' text property is used to insert images into text, and | |
2425 also control other aspects of how text displays. The value of the | |
2426 `display' property should be a display specification, as described | |
2427 below, or a list or vector containing display specifications. | |
2428 | |
2429 *** Variable width and height spaces | |
2430 | |
2431 To display a space of fractional width or height, use a display | |
2432 specification of the form `(LOCATION STRECH)'. If LOCATION is | |
2433 `(margin left-margin)', the space is displayed in the left marginal | |
2434 area, if it is `(margin right-margin)', it is displayed in the right | |
2435 marginal area, and if LOCATION is `(margin nil)' the space is | |
2436 displayed in the text. In the latter case you can also use the | |
2437 simpler form STRETCH as property value. | |
2438 | |
2439 The stretch specification STRETCH itself is a list of the form `(space | |
2440 PROPS)', where PROPS is a property list which can contain the | |
2441 properties described below. | |
2442 | |
2443 The display of the fractional space replaces the display of the | |
2444 characters having the `display' property. | |
2445 | |
2446 - :width WIDTH | |
2447 | |
2448 Specifies that the space width should be WIDTH times the normal | |
2449 character width. WIDTH can be an integer or floating point number. | |
2450 | |
2451 - :relative-width FACTOR | |
2452 | |
2453 Specifies that the width of the stretch should be computed from the | |
2454 first character in a group of consecutive characters that have the | |
2455 same `display' property. The computation is done by multiplying the | |
2456 width of that character by FACTOR. | |
2457 | |
2458 - :align-to HPOS | |
2459 | |
2460 Specifies that the space should be wide enough to reach HPOS. The | |
2461 value HPOS is measured in units of the normal character width. | |
2462 | |
2463 Exactly one of the above properties should be used. | |
2464 | |
2465 - :height HEIGHT | |
2466 | |
2467 Specifies the height of the space, as HEIGHT, measured in terms of the | |
2468 normal line height. | |
2469 | |
2470 - :relative-height FACTOR | |
2471 | |
2472 The height of the space is computed as the product of the height | |
2473 of the text having the `display' property and FACTOR. | |
2474 | |
2475 - :ascent ASCENT | |
2476 | |
2477 Specifies that ASCENT percent of the height of the stretch should be | |
2478 used for the ascent of the stretch, i.e. for the part above the | |
2479 baseline. The value of ASCENT must be a non-negative number less or | |
2480 equal to 100. | |
2481 | |
2482 You should not use both `:height' and `:relative-height' together. | |
2483 | |
2484 *** Images | |
2485 | |
2486 A display specification for an image has the form `(LOCATION | |
2487 . IMAGE)', where IMAGE is an image specification. The image replaces, | |
2488 in the display, the characters having this display specification in | |
2489 their `display' text property. If LOCATION is `(margin left-margin)', | |
2490 the image will be displayed in the left marginal area, if it is | |
2491 `(margin right-margin)' it will be displayed in the right marginal | |
2492 area, and if LOCATION is `(margin nil)' the image will be displayed in | |
2493 the text. In the latter case you can also use the simpler form IMAGE | |
2494 as display specification. | |
2495 | |
2496 *** Other display properties | |
2497 | |
2498 - :space-width FACTOR | |
2499 | |
2500 Specifies that space characters in the text having that property | |
2501 should be displayed FACTOR times as wide as normal; FACTOR must be an | |
2502 integer or float. | |
2503 | |
2504 - :height HEIGHT | |
2505 | |
2506 Display text having this property in a font that is smaller or larger. | |
2507 | |
2508 If HEIGHT is a list of the form `(+ N)', where N is an integer, that | |
2509 means to use a font that is N steps larger. If HEIGHT is a list of | |
2510 the form `(- N)', that means to use a font that is N steps smaller. A | |
2511 ``step'' is defined by the set of available fonts; each size for which | |
2512 a font is available counts as a step. | |
2513 | |
2514 If HEIGHT is a number, that means to use a font that is HEIGHT times | |
2515 as tall as the frame's default font. | |
2516 | |
2517 If HEIGHT is a symbol, it is called as a function with the current | |
2518 height as argument. The function should return the new height to use. | |
2519 | |
2520 Otherwise, HEIGHT is evaluated to get the new height, with the symbol | |
2521 `height' bound to the current specified font height. | |
2522 | |
2523 - :raise FACTOR | |
2524 | |
2525 FACTOR must be a number, specifying a multiple of the current | |
2526 font's height. If it is positive, that means to display the characters | |
2527 raised. If it is negative, that means to display them lower down. The | |
2528 amount of raising or lowering is computed without taking account of the | |
2529 `:height' subproperty. | |
2530 | |
2531 *** Conditional display properties | |
2532 | |
2533 All display specifications can be conditionalized. If a specification | |
2534 has the form `(:when CONDITION . SPEC)', the specification SPEC | |
2535 applies only when CONDITION yields a non-nil value when evaluated. | |
2536 During evaluattion, point is temporarily set to the end position of | |
2537 the text having the `display' property. | |
2538 | |
2539 The normal specification consisting of SPEC only is equivalent to | |
2540 `(:when t SPEC)'. | |
2541 | |
2542 +++ | |
2543 ** New menu separator types. | |
2544 | |
2545 Emacs now supports more than one menu separator type. Menu items with | |
2546 item names consisting of dashes only (including zero dashes) are | |
2547 treated like before. In addition, the following item names are used | |
2548 to specify other menu separator types. | |
2549 | |
2550 - `--no-line' or `--space', or `--:space', or `--:noLine' | |
2551 | |
2552 No separator lines are drawn, but a small space is inserted where the | |
2553 separator occurs. | |
2554 | |
2555 - `--single-line' or `--:singleLine' | |
2556 | |
2557 A single line in the menu's foreground color. | |
2558 | |
2559 - `--double-line' or `--:doubleLine' | |
2560 | |
2561 A double line in the menu's foreground color. | |
2562 | |
2563 - `--single-dashed-line' or `--:singleDashedLine' | |
2564 | |
2565 A single dashed line in the menu's foreground color. | |
2566 | |
2567 - `--double-dashed-line' or `--:doubleDashedLine' | |
2568 | |
2569 A double dashed line in the menu's foreground color. | |
2570 | |
2571 - `--shadow-etched-in' or `--:shadowEtchedIn' | |
2572 | |
2573 A single line with 3D sunken appearance. This is the the form | |
2574 displayed for item names consisting of dashes only. | |
2575 | |
2576 - `--shadow-etched-out' or `--:shadowEtchedOut' | |
2577 | |
2578 A single line with 3D raised appearance. | |
2579 | |
2580 - `--shadow-etched-in-dash' or `--:shadowEtchedInDash' | |
2581 | |
2582 A single dashed line with 3D sunken appearance. | |
2583 | |
2584 - `--shadow-etched-out-dash' or `--:shadowEtchedOutDash' | |
2585 | |
2586 A single dashed line with 3D raise appearance. | |
2587 | |
2588 - `--shadow-double-etched-in' or `--:shadowDoubleEtchedIn' | |
2589 | |
2590 Two lines with 3D sunken appearance. | |
2591 | |
2592 - `--shadow-double-etched-out' or `--:shadowDoubleEtchedOut' | |
2593 | |
2594 Two lines with 3D raised appearance. | |
2595 | |
2596 - `--shadow-double-etched-in-dash' or `--:shadowDoubleEtchedInDash' | |
2597 | |
2598 Two dashed lines with 3D sunken appearance. | |
2599 | |
2600 - `--shadow-double-etched-out-dash' or `--:shadowDoubleEtchedOutDash' | |
2601 | |
2602 Two dashed lines with 3D raised appearance. | |
2603 | |
2604 Under LessTif/Motif, the last four separator types are displayed like | |
2605 the corresponding single-line separators. | |
2606 | |
2607 +++ | |
2608 ** New frame parameters for scroll bar colors. | |
2609 | |
2610 The new frame parameters `scroll-bar-foreground' and | |
2611 `scroll-bar-background' can be used to change scroll bar colors. | |
2612 Their value must be either a color name, a string, or nil to specify | |
2613 that scroll bars should use a default color. For toolkit scroll bars, | |
2614 default colors are toolkit specific. For non-toolkit scroll bars, the | |
2615 default background is the background color of the frame, and the | |
2616 default foreground is black. | |
2617 | |
2618 The X resource name of these parameters are `scrollBarForeground' | |
2619 (class ScrollBarForeground) and `scrollBarBackground' (class | |
2620 `ScrollBarBackground'). | |
2621 | |
2622 Setting these parameters overrides toolkit specific X resource | |
2623 settings for scroll bar colors. | |
2624 | |
2625 +++ | |
2626 ** You can set `redisplay-dont-pause' to a non-nil value to prevent | |
2627 display updates from being interrupted when input is pending. | |
2628 | |
2629 --- | |
2630 ** Changing a window's width may now change its window start if it | |
2631 starts on a continuation line. The new window start is computed based | |
2632 on the window's new width, starting from the start of the continued | |
2633 line as the start of the screen line with the minimum distance from | |
2634 the original window start. | |
2635 | |
2636 --- | |
2637 ** The variable `hscroll-step' and the functions | |
2638 `hscroll-point-visible' and `hscroll-window-column' have been removed | |
2639 now that proper horizontal scrolling is implemented. | |
2640 | |
2641 +++ | |
2642 ** Windows can now be made fixed-width and/or fixed-height. | |
2643 | |
2644 A window is fixed-size if its buffer has a buffer-local variable | |
2645 `window-size-fixed' whose value is not nil. A value of `height' makes | |
2646 windows fixed-height, a value of `width' makes them fixed-width, any | |
2647 other non-nil value makes them both fixed-width and fixed-height. | |
2648 | |
2649 The following code makes all windows displaying the current buffer | |
2650 fixed-width and fixed-height. | |
2651 | |
2652 (set (make-local-variable 'window-size-fixed) t) | |
2653 | |
2654 A call to enlarge-window on a window gives an error if that window is | |
2655 fixed-width and it is tried to change the window's width, or if the | |
2656 window is fixed-height, and it is tried to change its height. To | |
2657 change the size of a fixed-size window, bind `window-size-fixed' | |
2658 temporarily to nil, for example | |
2659 | |
2660 (let ((window-size-fixed nil)) | |
2661 (enlarge-window 10)) | |
2662 | |
26264 | 2663 Likewise, an attempt to split a fixed-height window vertically, |
25853 | 2664 or a fixed-width window horizontally results in a error. |
26652 | 2665 ^L |
2666 * Emacs 20.5 is a bug-fix release with no user-visible changes. | |
2667 | |
2668 ** Not new, but not mentioned before: | |
2669 M-w when Transient Mark mode is enabled disables the mark. | |
25853 | 2670 |
2671 * Changes in Emacs 20.4 | |
2672 | |
2673 ** Init file may be called .emacs.el. | |
2674 | |
2675 You can now call the Emacs init file `.emacs.el'. | |
2676 Formerly the name had to be `.emacs'. If you use the name | |
2677 `.emacs.el', you can byte-compile the file in the usual way. | |
2678 | |
2679 If both `.emacs' and `.emacs.el' exist, the latter file | |
2680 is the one that is used. | |
2681 | |
2682 ** shell-command, and shell-command-on-region, now return | |
2683 the exit code of the command (unless it is asynchronous). | |
2684 Also, you can specify a place to put the error output, | |
2685 separate from the command's regular output. | |
2686 Interactively, the variable shell-command-default-error-buffer | |
2687 says where to put error output; set it to a buffer name. | |
2688 In calls from Lisp, an optional argument ERROR-BUFFER specifies | |
2689 the buffer name. | |
2690 | |
2691 When you specify a non-nil error buffer (or buffer name), any error | |
2692 output is inserted before point in that buffer, with \f\n to separate | |
2693 it from the previous batch of error output. The error buffer is not | |
2694 cleared, so error output from successive commands accumulates there. | |
2695 | |
2696 ** Setting the default value of enable-multibyte-characters to nil in | |
2697 the .emacs file, either explicitly using setq-default, or via Custom, | |
2698 is now essentially equivalent to using --unibyte: all buffers | |
2699 created during startup will be made unibyte after loading .emacs. | |
2700 | |
2701 ** C-x C-f now handles the wildcards * and ? in file names. For | |
2702 example, typing C-x C-f c*.c RET visits all the files whose names | |
2703 match c*.c. To visit a file whose name contains * or ?, add the | |
2704 quoting sequence /: to the beginning of the file name. | |
2705 | |
2706 ** The M-x commands keep-lines, flush-lines and count-matches | |
2707 now have the same feature as occur and query-replace: | |
2708 if the pattern contains any upper case letters, then | |
2709 they never ignore case. | |
2710 | |
2711 ** The end-of-line format conversion feature previously mentioned | |
2712 under `* Emacs 20.1 changes for MS-DOS and MS-Windows' actually | |
2713 applies to all operating systems. Emacs recognizes from the contents | |
2714 of a file what convention it uses to separate lines--newline, CRLF, or | |
2715 just CR--and automatically converts the contents to the normal Emacs | |
2716 convention (using newline to separate lines) for editing. This is a | |
2717 part of the general feature of coding system conversion. | |
2718 | |
2719 If you subsequently save the buffer, Emacs converts the text back to | |
2720 the same format that was used in the file before. | |
2721 | |
2722 You can turn off end-of-line conversion by setting the variable | |
2723 `inhibit-eol-conversion' to non-nil, e.g. with Custom in the MULE group. | |
2724 | |
2725 ** The character set property `prefered-coding-system' has been | |
2726 renamed to `preferred-coding-system', for the sake of correct spelling. | |
2727 This is a fairly internal feature, so few programs should be affected. | |
2728 | |
2729 ** Mode-line display of end-of-line format is changed. | |
2730 The indication of the end-of-line format of the file visited by a | |
2731 buffer is now more explicit when that format is not the usual one for | |
2732 your operating system. For example, the DOS-style end-of-line format | |
2733 is displayed as "(DOS)" on Unix and GNU/Linux systems. The usual | |
2734 end-of-line format is still displayed as a single character (colon for | |
2735 Unix, backslash for DOS and Windows, and forward slash for the Mac). | |
2736 | |
2737 The values of the variables eol-mnemonic-unix, eol-mnemonic-dos, | |
2738 eol-mnemonic-mac, and eol-mnemonic-undecided, which are strings, | |
2739 control what is displayed in the mode line for each end-of-line | |
2740 format. You can now customize these variables. | |
2741 | |
2742 ** In the previous version of Emacs, tar-mode didn't work well if a | |
2743 filename contained non-ASCII characters. Now this is fixed. Such a | |
2744 filename is decoded by file-name-coding-system if the default value of | |
2745 enable-multibyte-characters is non-nil. | |
2746 | |
2747 ** The command temp-buffer-resize-mode toggles a minor mode | |
2748 in which temporary buffers (such as help buffers) are given | |
2749 windows just big enough to hold the whole contents. | |
2750 | |
2751 ** If you use completion.el, you must now run the function | |
2752 dynamic-completion-mode to enable it. Just loading the file | |
2753 doesn't have any effect. | |
2754 | |
2755 ** In Flyspell mode, the default is now to make just one Ispell process, | |
2756 not one per buffer. | |
2757 | |
2758 ** If you use iswitchb but do not call (iswitchb-default-keybindings) to | |
2759 use the default keybindings, you will need to add the following line: | |
2760 (add-hook 'minibuffer-setup-hook 'iswitchb-minibuffer-setup) | |
2761 | |
2762 ** Auto-show mode is no longer enabled just by loading auto-show.el. | |
2763 To control it, set `auto-show-mode' via Custom or use the | |
2764 `auto-show-mode' command. | |
2765 | |
2766 ** Handling of X fonts' ascent/descent parameters has been changed to | |
2767 avoid redisplay problems. As a consequence, compared with previous | |
2768 versions the line spacing and frame size now differ with some font | |
2769 choices, typically increasing by a pixel per line. This change | |
2770 occurred in version 20.3 but was not documented then. | |
2771 | |
2772 ** If you select the bar cursor style, it uses the frame's | |
2773 cursor-color, rather than the cursor foreground pixel. | |
2774 | |
2775 ** In multibyte mode, Rmail decodes incoming MIME messages using the | |
2776 character set specified in the message. If you want to disable this | |
2777 feature, set the variable rmail-decode-mime-charset to nil. | |
2778 | |
2779 ** Not new, but not mentioned previously in NEWS: when you use #! at | |
2780 the beginning of a file to make it executable and specify an | |
2781 interpreter program, Emacs looks on the second line for the -*- mode | |
2782 and variable specification, as well as on the first line. | |
2783 | |
2784 ** Support for IBM codepage encoding of non-ASCII characters. | |
2785 | |
2786 The new command M-x codepage-setup creates a special coding system | |
2787 that can be used to convert text between a specific IBM codepage and | |
2788 one of the character sets built into Emacs which matches that | |
2789 codepage. For example, codepage 850 corresponds to Latin-1 character | |
2790 set, codepage 855 corresponds to Cyrillic-ISO character set, etc. | |
2791 | |
2792 Windows codepages 1250, 1251 and some others, where Windows deviates | |
2793 from the corresponding ISO character set, are also supported. | |
2794 | |
2795 IBM box-drawing characters and other glyphs which don't have | |
2796 equivalents in the corresponding ISO character set, are converted to | |
2797 a character defined by dos-unsupported-char-glyph on MS-DOS, and to | |
2798 `?' on other systems. | |
2799 | |
2800 IBM codepages are widely used on MS-DOS and MS-Windows, so this | |
2801 feature is most useful on those platforms, but it can also be used on | |
2802 Unix. | |
2803 | |
2804 Emacs compiled for MS-DOS automatically loads the support for the | |
2805 current codepage when it starts. | |
2806 | |
2807 ** Mail changes | |
2808 | |
2809 *** The new variable default-sendmail-coding-system specifies the | |
2810 default way to encode outgoing mail. This has higher priority than | |
2811 default-buffer-file-coding-system but has lower priority than | |
2812 sendmail-coding-system and the local value of | |
2813 buffer-file-coding-system. | |
2814 | |
2815 You should not set this variable manually. Instead, set | |
2816 sendmail-coding-system to specify a fixed encoding for all outgoing | |
2817 mail. | |
2818 | |
2819 *** When you try to send a message that contains non-ASCII characters, | |
2820 if the coding system specified by those variables doesn't handle them, | |
2821 Emacs will ask you to select a suitable coding system while showing a | |
2822 list of possible coding systems. | |
2823 | |
2824 ** CC Mode changes | |
2825 | |
2826 *** c-default-style can now take an association list that maps major | |
2827 modes to style names. When this variable is an alist, Java mode no | |
2828 longer hardcodes a setting to "java" style. See the variable's | |
2829 docstring for details. | |
2830 | |
2831 *** It's now possible to put a list as the offset on a syntactic | |
2832 symbol. The list is evaluated recursively until a non-nil offset is | |
2833 found. This is useful to combine several lineup functions to act in a | |
2834 prioritized order on a single line. However, none of the supplied | |
2835 lineup functions use this feature currently. | |
2836 | |
2837 *** New syntactic symbol catch-clause, which is used on the "catch" and | |
2838 "finally" lines in try-catch constructs in C++ and Java. | |
2839 | |
2840 *** New cleanup brace-catch-brace on c-cleanup-list, which does for | |
2841 "catch" lines what brace-elseif-brace does for "else if" lines. | |
2842 | |
2843 *** The braces of Java anonymous inner classes are treated separately | |
2844 from the braces of other classes in auto-newline mode. Two new | |
2845 symbols inexpr-class-open and inexpr-class-close may be used on | |
2846 c-hanging-braces-alist to control the automatic newlines used for | |
2847 anonymous classes. | |
2848 | |
2849 *** Support for the Pike language added, along with new Pike specific | |
2850 syntactic symbols: inlambda, lambda-intro-cont | |
2851 | |
2852 *** Support for Java anonymous classes via new syntactic symbol | |
2853 inexpr-class. New syntactic symbol inexpr-statement for Pike | |
2854 support and gcc-style statements inside expressions. New lineup | |
2855 function c-lineup-inexpr-block. | |
2856 | |
2857 *** New syntactic symbol brace-entry-open which is used in brace lists | |
2858 (i.e. static initializers) when a list entry starts with an open | |
2859 brace. These used to be recognized as brace-list-entry's. | |
2860 c-electric-brace also recognizes brace-entry-open braces | |
2861 (brace-list-entry's can no longer be electrified). | |
2862 | |
2863 *** New command c-indent-line-or-region, not bound by default. | |
2864 | |
2865 *** `#' is only electric when typed in the indentation of a line. | |
2866 | |
2867 *** Parentheses are now electric (via the new command c-electric-paren) | |
2868 for auto-reindenting lines when parens are typed. | |
2869 | |
2870 *** In "gnu" style, inline-open offset is now set to zero. | |
2871 | |
2872 *** Uniform handling of the inclass syntactic symbol. The indentation | |
2873 associated with it is now always relative to the class opening brace. | |
2874 This means that the indentation behavior has changed in some | |
2875 circumstances, but only if you've put anything besides 0 on the | |
2876 class-open syntactic symbol (none of the default styles do that). | |
2877 | |
2878 ** Gnus changes. | |
2879 | |
2880 *** New functionality for using Gnus as an offline newsreader has been | |
2881 added. A plethora of new commands and modes have been added. See the | |
2882 Gnus manual for the full story. | |
2883 | |
2884 *** The nndraft backend has returned, but works differently than | |
2885 before. All Message buffers are now also articles in the nndraft | |
2886 group, which is created automatically. | |
2887 | |
2888 *** `gnus-alter-header-function' can now be used to alter header | |
2889 values. | |
2890 | |
2891 *** `gnus-summary-goto-article' now accept Message-ID's. | |
2892 | |
2893 *** A new Message command for deleting text in the body of a message | |
2894 outside the region: `C-c C-v'. | |
2895 | |
2896 *** You can now post to component group in nnvirtual groups with | |
2897 `C-u C-c C-c'. | |
2898 | |
2899 *** `nntp-rlogin-program' -- new variable to ease customization. | |
2900 | |
2901 *** `C-u C-c C-c' in `gnus-article-edit-mode' will now inhibit | |
2902 re-highlighting of the article buffer. | |
2903 | |
2904 *** New element in `gnus-boring-article-headers' -- `long-to'. | |
2905 | |
2906 *** `M-i' symbolic prefix command. See the section "Symbolic | |
2907 Prefixes" in the Gnus manual for details. | |
2908 | |
2909 *** `L' and `I' in the summary buffer now take the symbolic prefix | |
2910 `a' to add the score rule to the "all.SCORE" file. | |
2911 | |
2912 *** `gnus-simplify-subject-functions' variable to allow greater | |
2913 control over simplification. | |
2914 | |
2915 *** `A T' -- new command for fetching the current thread. | |
2916 | |
2917 *** `/ T' -- new command for including the current thread in the | |
2918 limit. | |
2919 | |
2920 *** `M-RET' is a new Message command for breaking cited text. | |
2921 | |
2922 *** \\1-expressions are now valid in `nnmail-split-methods'. | |
2923 | |
26264 | 2924 *** The `custom-face-lookup' function has been removed. |
25853 | 2925 If you used this function in your initialization files, you must |
2926 rewrite them to use `face-spec-set' instead. | |
2927 | |
2928 *** Cancelling now uses the current select method. Symbolic prefix | |
2929 `a' forces normal posting method. | |
2930 | |
2931 *** New command to translate M******** sm*rtq**t*s into proper text | |
2932 -- `W d'. | |
2933 | |
2934 *** For easier debugging of nntp, you can set `nntp-record-commands' | |
2935 to a non-nil value. | |
2936 | |
2937 *** nntp now uses ~/.authinfo, a .netrc-like file, for controlling | |
2938 where and how to send AUTHINFO to NNTP servers. | |
2939 | |
2940 *** A command for editing group parameters from the summary buffer | |
2941 has been added. | |
2942 | |
2943 *** A history of where mails have been split is available. | |
2944 | |
2945 *** A new article date command has been added -- `article-date-iso8601'. | |
2946 | |
2947 *** Subjects can be simplified when threading by setting | |
2948 `gnus-score-thread-simplify'. | |
2949 | |
2950 *** A new function for citing in Message has been added -- | |
2951 `message-cite-original-without-signature'. | |
2952 | |
2953 *** `article-strip-all-blank-lines' -- new article command. | |
2954 | |
2955 *** A new Message command to kill to the end of the article has | |
2956 been added. | |
2957 | |
2958 *** A minimum adaptive score can be specified by using the | |
2959 `gnus-adaptive-word-minimum' variable. | |
2960 | |
2961 *** The "lapsed date" article header can be kept continually | |
2962 updated by the `gnus-start-date-timer' command. | |
2963 | |
2964 *** Web listserv archives can be read with the nnlistserv backend. | |
2965 | |
2966 *** Old dejanews archives can now be read by nnweb. | |
2967 | |
2968 *** `gnus-posting-styles' has been re-activated. | |
2969 | |
2970 ** Changes to TeX and LaTeX mode | |
2971 | |
2972 *** The new variable `tex-start-options-string' can be used to give | |
2973 options for the TeX run. The default value causes TeX to run in | |
2974 nonstopmode. For an interactive TeX run set it to nil or "". | |
2975 | |
2976 *** The command `tex-feed-input' sends input to the Tex Shell. In a | |
2977 TeX buffer it is bound to the keys C-RET, C-c RET, and C-c C-m (some | |
2978 of these keys may not work on all systems). For instance, if you run | |
2979 TeX interactively and if the TeX run stops because of an error, you | |
2980 can continue it without leaving the TeX buffer by typing C-RET. | |
2981 | |
2982 *** The Tex Shell Buffer is now in `compilation-shell-minor-mode'. | |
2983 All error-parsing commands of the Compilation major mode are available | |
2984 but bound to keys that don't collide with the shell. Thus you can use | |
2985 the Tex Shell for command line executions like a usual shell. | |
2986 | |
2987 *** The commands `tex-validate-region' and `tex-validate-buffer' check | |
2988 the matching of braces and $'s. The errors are listed in a *Occur* | |
2989 buffer and you can use C-c C-c or mouse-2 to go to a particular | |
2990 mismatch. | |
2991 | |
2992 ** Changes to RefTeX mode | |
2993 | |
2994 *** The table of contents buffer can now also display labels and | |
2995 file boundaries in addition to sections. Use `l', `i', and `c' keys. | |
2996 | |
2997 *** Labels derived from context (the section heading) are now | |
2998 lowercase by default. To make the label legal in LaTeX, latin-1 | |
2999 characters will lose their accent. All Mule characters will be | |
3000 removed from the label. | |
3001 | |
3002 *** The automatic display of cross reference information can also use | |
3003 a window instead of the echo area. See variable `reftex-auto-view-crossref'. | |
3004 | |
3005 *** kpsewhich can be used by RefTeX to find TeX and BibTeX files. See the | |
3006 customization group `reftex-finding-files'. | |
3007 | |
3008 *** The option `reftex-bibfile-ignore-list' has been renamed to | |
3009 `reftex-bibfile-ignore-regexps' and indeed can be fed with regular | |
26264 | 3010 expressions. |
25853 | 3011 |
3012 *** Multiple Selection buffers are now hidden buffers. | |
3013 | |
3014 ** New/deleted modes and packages | |
3015 | |
3016 *** The package snmp-mode.el provides major modes for editing SNMP and | |
3017 SNMPv2 MIBs. It has entries on `auto-mode-alist'. | |
3018 | |
3019 *** The package sql.el provides a major mode, M-x sql-mode, for | |
3020 editing SQL files, and M-x sql-interactive-mode for interacting with | |
3021 SQL interpreters. It has an entry on `auto-mode-alist'. | |
3022 | |
3023 *** M-x highlight-changes-mode provides a minor mode displaying buffer | |
3024 changes with a special face. | |
3025 | |
3026 *** ispell4.el has been deleted. It got in the way of ispell.el and | |
3027 this was hard to fix reliably. It has long been obsolete -- use | |
3028 Ispell 3.1 and ispell.el. | |
3029 | |
3030 * MS-DOS changes in Emacs 20.4 | |
3031 | |
3032 ** Emacs compiled for MS-DOS now supports MULE features better. | |
3033 This includes support for display of all ISO 8859-N character sets, | |
3034 conversion to and from IBM codepage encoding of non-ASCII characters, | |
3035 and automatic setup of the MULE environment at startup. For details, | |
3036 check out the section `MS-DOS and MULE' in the manual. | |
3037 | |
3038 The MS-DOS installation procedure automatically configures and builds | |
3039 Emacs with input method support if it finds an unpacked Leim | |
3040 distribution when the config.bat script is run. | |
3041 | |
3042 ** Formerly, the value of lpr-command did not affect printing on | |
3043 MS-DOS unless print-region-function was set to nil, but now it | |
3044 controls whether an external program is invoked or output is written | |
3045 directly to a printer port. Similarly, in the previous version of | |
3046 Emacs, the value of ps-lpr-command did not affect PostScript printing | |
3047 on MS-DOS unless ps-printer-name was set to something other than a | |
3048 string (eg. t or `pipe'), but now it controls whether an external | |
3049 program is used. (These changes were made so that configuration of | |
3050 printing variables would be almost identical across all platforms.) | |
3051 | |
3052 ** In the previous version of Emacs, PostScript and non-PostScript | |
3053 output was piped to external programs, but because most print programs | |
3054 available for MS-DOS and MS-Windows cannot read data from their standard | |
3055 input, on those systems the data to be output is now written to a | |
3056 temporary file whose name is passed as the last argument to the external | |
3057 program. | |
3058 | |
3059 An exception is made for `print', a standard program on Windows NT, | |
3060 and `nprint', a standard program on Novell Netware. For both of these | |
3061 programs, the command line is constructed in the appropriate syntax | |
3062 automatically, using only the value of printer-name or ps-printer-name | |
3063 as appropriate--the value of the relevant `-switches' variable is | |
3064 ignored, as both programs have no useful switches. | |
3065 | |
3066 ** The value of the variable dos-printer (cf. dos-ps-printer), if it has | |
3067 a value, overrides the value of printer-name (cf. ps-printer-name), on | |
3068 MS-DOS and MS-Windows only. This has been true since version 20.3, but | |
3069 was not documented clearly before. | |
3070 | |
3071 ** All the Emacs games now work on MS-DOS terminals. | |
3072 This includes Tetris and Snake. | |
3073 | |
3074 * Lisp changes in Emacs 20.4 | |
3075 | |
3076 ** New functions line-beginning-position and line-end-position | |
3077 return the position of the beginning or end of the current line. | |
3078 They both accept an optional argument, which has the same | |
3079 meaning as the argument to beginning-of-line or end-of-line. | |
3080 | |
3081 ** find-file and allied functions now have an optional argument | |
3082 WILDCARD. If this is non-nil, they do wildcard processing, | |
3083 and visit all files that match the wildcard pattern. | |
3084 | |
3085 ** Changes in the file-attributes function. | |
3086 | |
3087 *** The file size returned by file-attributes may be an integer or a float. | |
3088 It is an integer if the size fits in a Lisp integer, float otherwise. | |
3089 | |
3090 *** The inode number returned by file-attributes may be an integer (if | |
3091 the number fits in a Lisp integer) or a cons cell containing two | |
3092 integers. | |
3093 | |
3094 ** The new function directory-files-and-attributes returns a list of | |
3095 files in a directory and their attributes. It accepts the same | |
3096 arguments as directory-files and has similar semantics, except that | |
3097 file names and attributes are returned. | |
3098 | |
3099 ** The new function file-attributes-lessp is a helper function for | |
3100 sorting the list generated by directory-files-and-attributes. It | |
3101 accepts two arguments, each a list of a file name and its atttributes. | |
3102 It compares the file names of each according to string-lessp and | |
3103 returns the result. | |
3104 | |
3105 ** The new function file-expand-wildcards expands a wildcard-pattern | |
3106 to produce a list of existing files that match the pattern. | |
3107 | |
3108 ** New functions for base64 conversion: | |
3109 | |
3110 The function base64-encode-region converts a part of the buffer | |
3111 into the base64 code used in MIME. base64-decode-region | |
3112 performs the opposite conversion. Line-breaking is supported | |
3113 optionally. | |
3114 | |
3115 Functions base64-encode-string and base64-decode-string do a similar | |
3116 job on the text in a string. They return the value as a new string. | |
3117 | |
3118 ** | |
3119 The new function process-running-child-p | |
3120 will tell you if a subprocess has given control of its | |
3121 terminal to its own child process. | |
3122 | |
3123 ** interrupt-process and such functions have a new feature: | |
3124 when the second argument is `lambda', they send a signal | |
3125 to the running child of the subshell, if any, but if the shell | |
3126 itself owns its terminal, no signal is sent. | |
3127 | |
3128 ** There are new widget types `plist' and `alist' which can | |
3129 be used for customizing variables whose values are plists or alists. | |
3130 | |
3131 ** easymenu.el Now understands `:key-sequence' and `:style button'. | |
3132 :included is an alias for :visible. | |
3133 | |
3134 easy-menu-add-item now understands the values returned by | |
3135 easy-menu-remove-item and easy-menu-item-present-p. This can be used | |
3136 to move or copy menu entries. | |
3137 | |
3138 ** Multibyte editing changes | |
3139 | |
3140 *** The definitions of sref and char-bytes are changed. Now, sref is | |
3141 an alias of aref and char-bytes always returns 1. This change is to | |
3142 make some Emacs Lisp code which works on 20.2 and earlier also | |
3143 work on the latest Emacs. Such code uses a combination of sref and | |
3144 char-bytes in a loop typically as below: | |
3145 (setq char (sref str idx) | |
3146 idx (+ idx (char-bytes idx))) | |
3147 The byte-compiler now warns that this is obsolete. | |
3148 | |
3149 If you want to know how many bytes a specific multibyte character | |
3150 (say, CH) occupies in a multibyte buffer, use this code: | |
3151 (charset-bytes (char-charset ch)) | |
3152 | |
3153 *** In multibyte mode, when you narrow a buffer to some region, and the | |
3154 region is preceded or followed by non-ASCII codes, inserting or | |
3155 deleting at the head or the end of the region may signal this error: | |
3156 | |
3157 Byte combining across boundary of accessible buffer text inhibitted | |
3158 | |
3159 This is to avoid some bytes being combined together into a character | |
3160 across the boundary. | |
3161 | |
3162 *** The functions find-charset-region and find-charset-string include | |
3163 `unknown' in the returned list in the following cases: | |
3164 o The current buffer or the target string is unibyte and | |
3165 contains 8-bit characters. | |
3166 o The current buffer or the target string is multibyte and | |
3167 contains invalid characters. | |
3168 | |
3169 *** The functions decode-coding-region and encode-coding-region remove | |
3170 text properties of the target region. Ideally, they should correctly | |
3171 preserve text properties, but for the moment, it's hard. Removing | |
3172 text properties is better than preserving them in a less-than-correct | |
3173 way. | |
3174 | |
3175 *** prefer-coding-system sets EOL conversion of default coding systems. | |
3176 If the argument to prefer-coding-system specifies a certain type of | |
3177 end of line conversion, the default coding systems set by | |
3178 prefer-coding-system will specify that conversion type for end of line. | |
3179 | |
3180 *** The new function thai-compose-string can be used to properly | |
3181 compose Thai characters in a string. | |
3182 | |
3183 ** The primitive `define-prefix-command' now takes an optional third | |
3184 argument NAME, which should be a string. It supplies the menu name | |
3185 for the created keymap. Keymaps created in order to be displayed as | |
3186 menus should always use the third argument. | |
3187 | |
3188 ** The meanings of optional second arguments for read-char, | |
3189 read-event, and read-char-exclusive are flipped. Now the second | |
3190 arguments are INHERIT-INPUT-METHOD. These functions use the current | |
3191 input method (if any) if and only if INHERIT-INPUT-METHOD is non-nil. | |
3192 | |
3193 ** The new function clear-this-command-keys empties out the contents | |
3194 of the vector that (this-command-keys) returns. This is useful in | |
3195 programs that read passwords, to prevent the passwords from echoing | |
3196 inadvertently as part of the next command in certain cases. | |
3197 | |
3198 ** The new macro `with-temp-message' displays a temporary message in | |
3199 the echo area, while executing some Lisp code. Like `progn', it | |
3200 returns the value of the last form, but it also restores the previous | |
3201 echo area contents. | |
3202 | |
3203 (with-temp-message MESSAGE &rest BODY) | |
3204 | |
3205 ** The function `require' now takes an optional third argument | |
3206 NOERROR. If it is non-nil, then there is no error if the | |
3207 requested feature cannot be loaded. | |
3208 | |
3209 ** In the function modify-face, an argument of (nil) for the | |
3210 foreground color, background color or stipple pattern | |
26264 | 3211 means to clear out that attribute. |
25853 | 3212 |
3213 ** The `outer-window-id' frame property of an X frame | |
3214 gives the window number of the outermost X window for the frame. | |
3215 | |
3216 ** Temporary buffers made with with-output-to-temp-buffer are now | |
3217 read-only by default, and normally use the major mode Help mode | |
3218 unless you put them in some other non-Fundamental mode before the | |
3219 end of with-output-to-temp-buffer. | |
3220 | |
3221 ** The new functions gap-position and gap-size return information on | |
3222 the gap of the current buffer. | |
3223 | |
3224 ** The new functions position-bytes and byte-to-position provide a way | |
3225 to convert between character positions and byte positions in the | |
3226 current buffer. | |
3227 | |
3228 ** vc.el defines two new macros, `edit-vc-file' and `with-vc-file', to | |
3229 facilitate working with version-controlled files from Lisp programs. | |
3230 These macros check out a given file automatically if needed, and check | |
3231 it back in after any modifications have been made. | |
3232 | |
3233 * Installation Changes in Emacs 20.3 | |
3234 | |
3235 ** The default value of load-path now includes most subdirectories of | |
3236 the site-specific directories /usr/local/share/emacs/site-lisp and | |
3237 /usr/local/share/emacs/VERSION/site-lisp, in addition to those | |
3238 directories themselves. Both immediate subdirectories and | |
3239 subdirectories multiple levels down are added to load-path. | |
3240 | |
3241 Not all subdirectories are included, though. Subdirectories whose | |
3242 names do not start with a letter or digit are excluded. | |
3243 Subdirectories named RCS or CVS are excluded. Also, a subdirectory | |
3244 which contains a file named `.nosearch' is excluded. You can use | |
3245 these methods to prevent certain subdirectories from being searched. | |
3246 | |
3247 Emacs finds these subdirectories and adds them to load-path when it | |
3248 starts up. While it would be cleaner to find the subdirectories each | |
3249 time Emacs loads a file, that would be much slower. | |
3250 | |
3251 This feature is an incompatible change. If you have stored some Emacs | |
3252 Lisp files in a subdirectory of the site-lisp directory specifically | |
3253 to prevent them from being used, you will need to rename the | |
3254 subdirectory to start with a non-alphanumeric character, or create a | |
3255 `.nosearch' file in it, in order to continue to achieve the desired | |
3256 results. | |
3257 | |
3258 ** Emacs no longer includes an old version of the C preprocessor from | |
3259 GCC. This was formerly used to help compile Emacs with C compilers | |
3260 that had limits on the significant length of an identifier, but in | |
3261 fact we stopped supporting such compilers some time ago. | |
3262 | |
3263 * Changes in Emacs 20.3 | |
3264 | |
3265 ** The new command C-x z (repeat) repeats the previous command | |
3266 including its argument. If you repeat the z afterward, | |
3267 it repeats the command additional times; thus, you can | |
3268 perform many repetitions with one keystroke per repetition. | |
3269 | |
3270 ** Emacs now supports "selective undo" which undoes only within a | |
3271 specified region. To do this, set point and mark around the desired | |
3272 region and type C-u C-x u (or C-u C-_). You can then continue undoing | |
3273 further, within the same region, by repeating the ordinary undo | |
3274 command C-x u or C-_. This will keep undoing changes that were made | |
3275 within the region you originally specified, until either all of them | |
3276 are undone, or it encounters a change which crosses the edge of that | |
3277 region. | |
3278 | |
3279 In Transient Mark mode, undoing when a region is active requests | |
3280 selective undo. | |
3281 | |
3282 ** If you specify --unibyte when starting Emacs, then all buffers are | |
3283 unibyte, except when a Lisp program specifically creates a multibyte | |
3284 buffer. Setting the environment variable EMACS_UNIBYTE has the same | |
3285 effect. The --no-unibyte option overrides EMACS_UNIBYTE and directs | |
3286 Emacs to run normally in multibyte mode. | |
3287 | |
3288 The option --unibyte does not affect the reading of Emacs Lisp files, | |
3289 though. If you want a Lisp file to be read in unibyte mode, use | |
3290 -*-unibyte: t;-*- on its first line. That will force Emacs to | |
3291 load that file in unibyte mode, regardless of how Emacs was started. | |
3292 | |
3293 ** toggle-enable-multibyte-characters no longer has a key binding and | |
3294 no longer appears in the menu bar. We've realized that changing the | |
3295 enable-multibyte-characters variable in an existing buffer is | |
3296 something that most users not do. | |
3297 | |
3298 ** You can specify a coding system to use for the next cut or paste | |
3299 operations through the window system with the command C-x RET X. | |
3300 The coding system can make a difference for communication with other | |
3301 applications. | |
3302 | |
3303 C-x RET x specifies a coding system for all subsequent cutting and | |
3304 pasting operations. | |
3305 | |
3306 ** You can specify the printer to use for commands that do printing by | |
3307 setting the variable `printer-name'. Just what a printer name looks | |
3308 like depends on your operating system. You can specify a different | |
3309 printer for the Postscript printing commands by setting | |
3310 `ps-printer-name'. | |
3311 | |
3312 ** Emacs now supports on-the-fly spell checking by the means of a | |
3313 minor mode. It is called M-x flyspell-mode. You don't have to remember | |
3314 any other special commands to use it, and you will hardly notice it | |
3315 except when you make a spelling error. Flyspell works by highlighting | |
3316 incorrect words as soon as they are completed or as soon as the cursor | |
3317 hits a new word. | |
3318 | |
3319 Flyspell mode works with whichever dictionary you have selected for | |
3320 Ispell in Emacs. In TeX mode, it understands TeX syntax so as not | |
3321 to be confused by TeX commands. | |
3322 | |
3323 You can correct a misspelled word by editing it into something | |
3324 correct. You can also correct it, or accept it as correct, by | |
3325 clicking on the word with Mouse-2; that gives you a pop-up menu | |
3326 of various alternative replacements and actions. | |
3327 | |
3328 Flyspell mode also proposes "automatic" corrections. M-TAB replaces | |
3329 the current misspelled word with a possible correction. If several | |
3330 corrections are made possible, M-TAB cycles through them in | |
3331 alphabetical order, or in order of decreasing likelihood if | |
3332 flyspell-sort-corrections is nil. | |
3333 | |
3334 Flyspell mode also flags an error when a word is repeated, if | |
3335 flyspell-mark-duplications-flag is non-nil. | |
3336 | |
3337 ** Changes in input method usage. | |
3338 | |
3339 Now you can use arrow keys (right, left, down, up) for selecting among | |
3340 the alternatives just the same way as you do by C-f, C-b, C-n, and C-p | |
3341 respectively. | |
3342 | |
3343 You can use the ENTER key to accept the current conversion. | |
3344 | |
3345 If you type TAB to display a list of alternatives, you can select one | |
3346 of the alternatives with Mouse-2. | |
3347 | |
3348 The meaning of the variable `input-method-verbose-flag' is changed so | |
3349 that you can set it to t, nil, `default', or `complex-only'. | |
3350 | |
3351 If the value is nil, extra guidance is never given. | |
3352 | |
3353 If the value is t, extra guidance is always given. | |
3354 | |
3355 If the value is `complex-only', extra guidance is always given only | |
3356 when you are using complex input methods such as chinese-py. | |
3357 | |
3358 If the value is `default' (this is the default), extra guidance is | |
26264 | 3359 given in the following case: |
25853 | 3360 o When you are using a complex input method. |
3361 o When you are using a simple input method but not in the minibuffer. | |
3362 | |
3363 If you are using Emacs through a very slow line, setting | |
3364 input-method-verbose-flag to nil or to complex-only is a good choice, | |
3365 and if you are using an input method you are not familiar with, | |
3366 setting it to t is helpful. | |
3367 | |
3368 The old command select-input-method is now called set-input-method. | |
3369 | |
3370 In the language environment "Korean", you can use the following | |
3371 keys: | |
3372 Shift-SPC toggle-korean-input-method | |
3373 C-F9 quail-hangul-switch-symbol-ksc | |
3374 F9 quail-hangul-switch-hanja | |
3375 These key bindings are canceled when you switch to another language | |
3376 environment. | |
3377 | |
3378 ** The minibuffer history of file names now records the specified file | |
3379 names, not the entire minibuffer input. For example, if the | |
3380 minibuffer starts out with /usr/foo/, you might type in /etc/passwd to | |
3381 get | |
3382 | |
3383 /usr/foo//etc/passwd | |
3384 | |
3385 which stands for the file /etc/passwd. | |
3386 | |
3387 Formerly, this used to put /usr/foo//etc/passwd in the history list. | |
3388 Now this puts just /etc/passwd in the history list. | |
3389 | |
3390 ** If you are root, Emacs sets backup-by-copying-when-mismatch to t | |
3391 at startup, so that saving a file will be sure to preserve | |
3392 its owner and group. | |
3393 | |
3394 ** find-func.el can now also find the place of definition of Emacs | |
3395 Lisp variables in user-loaded libraries. | |
3396 | |
3397 ** C-x r t (string-rectangle) now deletes the existing rectangle | |
3398 contents before inserting the specified string on each line. | |
3399 | |
3400 ** There is a new command delete-whitespace-rectangle | |
3401 which deletes whitespace starting from a particular column | |
3402 in all the lines on a rectangle. The column is specified | |
3403 by the left edge of the rectangle. | |
3404 | |
3405 ** You can now store a number into a register with C-u NUMBER C-x r n REG, | |
3406 increment it by INC with C-u INC C-x r + REG (to increment by one, omit | |
3407 C-u INC), and insert it in the buffer with C-x r g REG. This is useful | |
3408 for writing keyboard macros. | |
3409 | |
3410 ** The new command M-x speedbar displays a frame in which directories, | |
3411 files, and tags can be displayed, manipulated, and jumped to. The | |
3412 frame defaults to 20 characters in width, and is the same height as | |
3413 the frame that it was started from. Some major modes define | |
3414 additional commands for the speedbar, including Rmail, GUD/GDB, and | |
3415 info. | |
3416 | |
3417 ** query-replace-regexp is now bound to C-M-%. | |
3418 | |
3419 ** In Transient Mark mode, when the region is active, M-x | |
3420 query-replace and the other replace commands now operate on the region | |
3421 contents only. | |
3422 | |
3423 ** M-x write-region, when used interactively, now asks for | |
3424 confirmation before overwriting an existing file. When you call | |
3425 the function from a Lisp program, a new optional argument CONFIRM | |
3426 says whether to ask for confirmation in this case. | |
3427 | |
3428 ** If you use find-file-literally and the file is already visited | |
3429 non-literally, the command asks you whether to revisit the file | |
3430 literally. If you say no, it signals an error. | |
3431 | |
3432 ** Major modes defined with the "derived mode" feature | |
3433 now use the proper name for the mode hook: WHATEVER-mode-hook. | |
3434 Formerly they used the name WHATEVER-mode-hooks, but that is | |
3435 inconsistent with Emacs conventions. | |
3436 | |
3437 ** shell-command-on-region (and shell-command) reports success or | |
3438 failure if the command produces no output. | |
3439 | |
3440 ** Set focus-follows-mouse to nil if your window system or window | |
3441 manager does not transfer focus to another window when you just move | |
3442 the mouse. | |
3443 | |
3444 ** mouse-menu-buffer-maxlen has been renamed to | |
3445 mouse-buffer-menu-maxlen to be consistent with the other related | |
3446 function and variable names. | |
3447 | |
3448 ** The new variable auto-coding-alist specifies coding systems for | |
3449 reading specific files. This has higher priority than | |
3450 file-coding-system-alist. | |
3451 | |
3452 ** If you set the variable unibyte-display-via-language-environment to | |
3453 t, then Emacs displays non-ASCII characters are displayed by | |
3454 converting them to the equivalent multibyte characters according to | |
3455 the current language environment. As a result, they are displayed | |
3456 according to the current fontset. | |
3457 | |
3458 ** C-q's handling of codes in the range 0200 through 0377 is changed. | |
3459 | |
3460 The codes in the range 0200 through 0237 are inserted as one byte of | |
3461 that code regardless of the values of nonascii-translation-table and | |
3462 nonascii-insert-offset. | |
3463 | |
3464 For the codes in the range 0240 through 0377, if | |
3465 enable-multibyte-characters is non-nil and nonascii-translation-table | |
3466 nor nonascii-insert-offset can't convert them to valid multibyte | |
3467 characters, they are converted to Latin-1 characters. | |
3468 | |
3469 ** If you try to find a file that is not read-accessible, you now get | |
3470 an error, rather than an empty buffer and a warning. | |
3471 | |
3472 ** In the minibuffer history commands M-r and M-s, an upper case | |
3473 letter in the regular expression forces case-sensitive search. | |
3474 | |
3475 ** In the *Help* buffer, cross-references to commands and variables | |
3476 are inferred and hyperlinked. Use C-h m in Help mode for the relevant | |
3477 command keys. | |
3478 | |
3479 ** M-x apropos-command, with a prefix argument, no longer looks for | |
3480 user option variables--instead it looks for noninteractive functions. | |
3481 | |
3482 Meanwhile, the command apropos-variable normally searches for | |
3483 user option variables; with a prefix argument, it looks at | |
3484 all variables that have documentation. | |
3485 | |
3486 ** When you type a long line in the minibuffer, and the minibuffer | |
3487 shows just one line, automatically scrolling works in a special way | |
3488 that shows you overlap with the previous line of text. The variable | |
3489 minibuffer-scroll-overlap controls how many characters of overlap | |
3490 it should show; the default is 20. | |
3491 | |
3492 Meanwhile, Resize Minibuffer mode is still available; in that mode, | |
3493 the minibuffer grows taller (up to a point) as needed to show the whole | |
3494 of your input. | |
3495 | |
3496 ** The new command M-x customize-changed-options lets you customize | |
3497 all the options whose meanings or default values have changed in | |
3498 recent Emacs versions. You specify a previous Emacs version number as | |
3499 argument, and the command creates a customization buffer showing all | |
3500 the customizable options which were changed since that version. | |
3501 Newly added options are included as well. | |
3502 | |
3503 If you don't specify a particular version number argument, | |
3504 then the customization buffer shows all the customizable options | |
3505 for which Emacs versions of changes are recorded. | |
3506 | |
3507 This function is also bound to the Changed Options entry in the | |
3508 Customize menu. | |
3509 | |
3510 ** When you run M-x grep with a prefix argument, it figures out | |
3511 the tag around point and puts that into the default grep command. | |
3512 | |
3513 ** The new command M-* (pop-tag-mark) pops back through a history of | |
3514 buffer positions from which M-. or other tag-finding commands were | |
3515 invoked. | |
3516 | |
3517 ** The new variable comment-padding specifies the number of spaces | |
3518 that `comment-region' will insert before the actual text of the comment. | |
3519 The default is 1. | |
3520 | |
3521 ** In Fortran mode the characters `.', `_' and `$' now have symbol | |
3522 syntax, not word syntax. Fortran mode now supports `imenu' and has | |
3523 new commands fortran-join-line (M-^) and fortran-narrow-to-subprogram | |
3524 (C-x n d). M-q can be used to fill a statement or comment block | |
3525 sensibly. | |
3526 | |
3527 ** GUD now supports jdb, the Java debugger, and pdb, the Python debugger. | |
3528 | |
3529 ** If you set the variable add-log-keep-changes-together to a non-nil | |
3530 value, the command `C-x 4 a' will automatically notice when you make | |
3531 two entries in one day for one file, and combine them. | |
3532 | |
3533 ** You can use the command M-x diary-mail-entries to mail yourself a | |
3534 reminder about upcoming diary entries. See the documentation string | |
3535 for a sample shell script for calling this function automatically | |
3536 every night. | |
3537 | |
3538 ** All you need to do, to enable use of the Desktop package, is to set | |
3539 the variable desktop-enable to t with Custom. | |
3540 | |
3541 ** There is no need to do anything special, now, to enable Gnus to | |
3542 read and post multi-lingual articles. | |
3543 | |
3544 ** Outline mode has now support for showing hidden outlines when | |
3545 doing an isearch. In order for this to happen search-invisible should | |
3546 be set to open (the default). If an isearch match is inside a hidden | |
3547 outline the outline is made visible. If you continue pressing C-s and | |
3548 the match moves outside the formerly invisible outline, the outline is | |
26264 | 3549 made invisible again. |
25853 | 3550 |
3551 ** Mail reading and sending changes | |
3552 | |
3553 *** The Rmail e command now switches to displaying the whole header of | |
3554 the message before it lets you edit the message. This is so that any | |
3555 changes you make in the header will not be lost if you subsequently | |
3556 toggle. | |
3557 | |
3558 *** The w command in Rmail, which writes the message body into a file, | |
3559 now works in the summary buffer as well. (The command to delete the | |
3560 summary buffer is now Q.) The default file name for the w command, if | |
3561 the message has no subject, is stored in the variable | |
3562 rmail-default-body-file. | |
3563 | |
3564 *** Most of the commands and modes that operate on mail and netnews no | |
3565 longer depend on the value of mail-header-separator. Instead, they | |
3566 handle whatever separator the buffer happens to use. | |
3567 | |
3568 *** If you set mail-signature to a value which is not t, nil, or a string, | |
3569 it should be an expression. When you send a message, this expression | |
3570 is evaluated to insert the signature. | |
3571 | |
3572 *** The new Lisp library feedmail.el (version 8) enhances processing of | |
3573 outbound email messages. It works in coordination with other email | |
3574 handling packages (e.g., rmail, VM, gnus) and is responsible for | |
3575 putting final touches on messages and actually submitting them for | |
3576 transmission. Users of the emacs program "fakemail" might be | |
3577 especially interested in trying feedmail. | |
3578 | |
3579 feedmail is not enabled by default. See comments at the top of | |
3580 feedmail.el for set-up instructions. Among the bigger features | |
3581 provided by feedmail are: | |
3582 | |
3583 **** you can park outgoing messages into a disk-based queue and | |
3584 stimulate sending some or all of them later (handy for laptop users); | |
3585 there is also a queue for draft messages | |
3586 | |
3587 **** you can get one last look at the prepped outbound message and | |
3588 be prompted for confirmation | |
3589 | |
3590 **** does smart filling of address headers | |
3591 | |
3592 **** can generate a MESSAGE-ID: line and a DATE: line; the date can be | |
3593 the time the message was written or the time it is being sent; this | |
3594 can make FCC copies more closely resemble copies that recipients get | |
3595 | |
3596 **** you can specify an arbitrary function for actually transmitting | |
3597 the message; included in feedmail are interfaces for /bin/[r]mail, | |
3598 /usr/lib/sendmail, and elisp smtpmail; it's easy to write a new | |
3599 function for something else (10-20 lines of elisp) | |
3600 | |
3601 ** Dired changes | |
3602 | |
3603 *** The Dired function dired-do-toggle, which toggles marked and unmarked | |
3604 files, is now bound to "t" instead of "T". | |
3605 | |
3606 *** dired-at-point has been added to ffap.el. It allows one to easily | |
3607 run Dired on the directory name at point. | |
3608 | |
3609 *** Dired has a new command: %g. It searches the contents of | |
3610 files in the directory and marks each file that contains a match | |
3611 for a specified regexp. | |
3612 | |
3613 ** VC Changes | |
3614 | |
3615 *** New option vc-ignore-vc-files lets you turn off version control | |
3616 conveniently. | |
3617 | |
3618 *** VC Dired has been completely rewritten. It is now much | |
3619 faster, especially for CVS, and works very similar to ordinary | |
3620 Dired. | |
3621 | |
3622 VC Dired is invoked by typing C-x v d and entering the name of the | |
3623 directory to display. By default, VC Dired gives you a recursive | |
3624 listing of all files at or below the given directory which are | |
3625 currently locked (for CVS, all files not up-to-date are shown). | |
3626 | |
3627 You can change the listing format by setting vc-dired-recurse to nil, | |
3628 then it shows only the given directory, and you may also set | |
3629 vc-dired-terse-display to nil, then it shows all files under version | |
3630 control plus the names of any subdirectories, so that you can type `i' | |
3631 on such lines to insert them manually, as in ordinary Dired. | |
3632 | |
3633 All Dired commands operate normally in VC Dired, except for `v', which | |
3634 is redefined as the version control prefix. That means you may type | |
3635 `v l', `v =' etc. to invoke `vc-print-log', `vc-diff' and the like on | |
3636 the file named in the current Dired buffer line. `v v' invokes | |
3637 `vc-next-action' on this file, or on all files currently marked. | |
3638 | |
3639 The new command `v t' (vc-dired-toggle-terse-mode) allows you to | |
3640 toggle between terse display (only locked files) and full display (all | |
26264 | 3641 VC files plus subdirectories). There is also a special command, |
25853 | 3642 `* l', to mark all files currently locked. |
3643 | |
3644 Giving a prefix argument to C-x v d now does the same thing as in | |
3645 ordinary Dired: it allows you to supply additional options for the ls | |
3646 command in the minibuffer, to fine-tune VC Dired's output. | |
3647 | |
3648 *** Under CVS, if you merge changes from the repository into a working | |
3649 file, and CVS detects conflicts, VC now offers to start an ediff | |
3650 session to resolve them. | |
3651 | |
3652 Alternatively, you can use the new command `vc-resolve-conflicts' to | |
3653 resolve conflicts in a file at any time. It works in any buffer that | |
3654 contains conflict markers as generated by rcsmerge (which is what CVS | |
3655 uses as well). | |
3656 | |
3657 *** You can now transfer changes between branches, using the new | |
3658 command vc-merge (C-x v m). It is implemented for RCS and CVS. When | |
3659 you invoke it in a buffer under version-control, you can specify | |
3660 either an entire branch or a pair of versions, and the changes on that | |
3661 branch or between the two versions are merged into the working file. | |
3662 If this results in any conflicts, they may be resolved interactively, | |
3663 using ediff. | |
3664 | |
3665 ** Changes in Font Lock | |
3666 | |
3667 *** The face and variable previously known as font-lock-reference-face | |
3668 are now called font-lock-constant-face to better reflect their typical | |
3669 use for highlighting constants and labels. (Its face properties are | |
3670 unchanged.) The variable font-lock-reference-face remains for now for | |
3671 compatibility reasons, but its value is font-lock-constant-face. | |
3672 | |
3673 ** Frame name display changes | |
3674 | |
3675 *** The command set-frame-name lets you set the name of the current | |
3676 frame. You can use the new command select-frame-by-name to select and | |
3677 raise a frame; this is mostly useful on character-only terminals, or | |
3678 when many frames are invisible or iconified. | |
3679 | |
3680 *** On character-only terminal (not a window system), changing the | |
3681 frame name is now reflected on the mode line and in the Buffers/Frames | |
3682 menu. | |
3683 | |
3684 ** Comint (subshell) changes | |
3685 | |
3686 *** In Comint modes, the commands to kill, stop or interrupt a | |
3687 subjob now also kill pending input. This is for compatibility | |
3688 with ordinary shells, where the signal characters do this. | |
3689 | |
3690 *** There are new commands in Comint mode. | |
3691 | |
3692 C-c C-x fetches the "next" line from the input history; | |
3693 that is, the line after the last line you got. | |
3694 You can use this command to fetch successive lines, one by one. | |
3695 | |
3696 C-c SPC accumulates lines of input. More precisely, it arranges to | |
3697 send the current line together with the following line, when you send | |
3698 the following line. | |
3699 | |
3700 C-c C-a if repeated twice consecutively now moves to the process mark, | |
3701 which separates the pending input from the subprocess output and the | |
3702 previously sent input. | |
3703 | |
3704 C-c M-r now runs comint-previous-matching-input-from-input; | |
3705 it searches for a previous command, using the current pending input | |
3706 as the search string. | |
3707 | |
3708 *** New option compilation-scroll-output can be set to scroll | |
3709 automatically in compilation-mode windows. | |
3710 | |
3711 ** C mode changes | |
3712 | |
3713 *** Multiline macros are now handled, both as they affect indentation, | |
3714 and as recognized syntax. New syntactic symbol cpp-macro-cont is | |
3715 assigned to second and subsequent lines of a multiline macro | |
26264 | 3716 definition. |
25853 | 3717 |
3718 *** A new style "user" which captures all non-hook-ified | |
3719 (i.e. top-level) .emacs file variable settings and customizations. | |
3720 Style "cc-mode" is an alias for "user" and is deprecated. "gnu" | |
3721 style is still the default however. | |
3722 | |
3723 *** "java" style now conforms to Sun's JDK coding style. | |
3724 | |
3725 *** There are new commands c-beginning-of-defun, c-end-of-defun which | |
3726 are alternatives which you could bind to C-M-a and C-M-e if you prefer | |
3727 them. They do not have key bindings by default. | |
3728 | |
3729 *** New and improved implementations of M-a (c-beginning-of-statement) | |
3730 and M-e (c-end-of-statement). | |
3731 | |
3732 *** C++ namespace blocks are supported, with new syntactic symbols | |
3733 namespace-open, namespace-close, and innamespace. | |
3734 | |
3735 *** File local variable settings of c-file-style and c-file-offsets | |
3736 makes the style variables local to that buffer only. | |
3737 | |
3738 *** New indentation functions c-lineup-close-paren, | |
3739 c-indent-one-line-block, c-lineup-dont-change. | |
3740 | |
3741 *** Improvements (hopefully!) to the way CC Mode is loaded. You | |
3742 should now be able to do a (require 'cc-mode) to get the entire | |
3743 package loaded properly for customization in your .emacs file. A new | |
3744 variable c-initialize-on-load controls this and is t by default. | |
3745 | |
3746 ** Changes to hippie-expand. | |
3747 | |
26264 | 3748 *** New customization variable `hippie-expand-dabbrev-skip-space'. If |
25853 | 3749 non-nil, trailing spaces may be included in the abbreviation to search for, |
3750 which then gives the same behavior as the original `dabbrev-expand'. | |
3751 | |
3752 *** New customization variable `hippie-expand-dabbrev-as-symbol'. If | |
3753 non-nil, characters of syntax '_' is considered part of the word when | |
3754 expanding dynamically. | |
3755 | |
3756 *** New customization variable `hippie-expand-no-restriction'. If | |
3757 non-nil, narrowed buffers are widened before they are searched. | |
3758 | |
3759 *** New customization variable `hippie-expand-only-buffers'. If | |
3760 non-empty, buffers searched are restricted to the types specified in | |
3761 this list. Useful for example when constructing new special-purpose | |
3762 expansion functions with `make-hippie-expand-function'. | |
3763 | |
3764 *** Text properties of the expansion are no longer copied. | |
3765 | |
3766 ** Changes in BibTeX mode. | |
3767 | |
3768 *** Any titleword matching a regexp in the new variable | |
3769 bibtex-autokey-titleword-ignore (case sensitive) is ignored during | |
3770 automatic key generation. This replaces variable | |
3771 bibtex-autokey-titleword-first-ignore, which only checked for matches | |
3772 against the first word in the title. | |
3773 | |
3774 *** Autokey generation now uses all words from the title, not just | |
3775 capitalized words. To avoid conflicts with existing customizations, | |
3776 bibtex-autokey-titleword-ignore is set up such that words starting with | |
26264 | 3777 lowerkey characters will still be ignored. Thus, if you want to use |
25853 | 3778 lowercase words from the title, you will have to overwrite the |
26264 | 3779 bibtex-autokey-titleword-ignore standard setting. |
25853 | 3780 |
3781 *** Case conversion of names and title words for automatic key | |
3782 generation is more flexible. Variable bibtex-autokey-preserve-case is | |
3783 replaced by bibtex-autokey-titleword-case-convert and | |
3784 bibtex-autokey-name-case-convert. | |
3785 | |
3786 ** Changes in vcursor.el. | |
3787 | |
3788 *** Support for character terminals is available: there is a new keymap | |
3789 and the vcursor will appear as an arrow between buffer text. A | |
3790 variable `vcursor-interpret-input' allows input from the vcursor to be | |
3791 entered exactly as if typed. Numerous functions, including | |
3792 `vcursor-compare-windows', have been rewritten to improve consistency | |
3793 in the selection of windows and corresponding keymaps. | |
3794 | |
3795 *** vcursor options can now be altered with M-x customize under the | |
3796 Editing group once the package is loaded. | |
3797 | |
3798 *** Loading vcursor now does not define keys by default, as this is | |
3799 generally a bad side effect. Use M-x customize to set | |
3800 vcursor-key-bindings to t to restore the old behaviour. | |
3801 | |
3802 *** vcursor-auto-disable can be `copy', which turns off copying from the | |
3803 vcursor, but doesn't disable it, after any non-vcursor command. | |
3804 | |
3805 ** Ispell changes. | |
3806 | |
26264 | 3807 *** You can now spell check comments and strings in the current |
3808 buffer with M-x ispell-comments-and-strings. Comments and strings | |
25853 | 3809 are identified by syntax tables in effect. |
3810 | |
3811 *** Generic region skipping implemented. | |
3812 A single buffer can be broken into a number of regions where text will | |
3813 and will not be checked. The definitions of the regions can be user | |
3814 defined. New applications and improvements made available by this | |
26264 | 3815 include: |
25853 | 3816 |
3817 o URLs are automatically skipped | |
3818 o EMail message checking is vastly improved. | |
3819 | |
3820 *** Ispell can highlight the erroneous word even on non-window terminals. | |
3821 | |
3822 ** Changes to RefTeX mode | |
3823 | |
3824 RefTeX has been updated in order to make it more usable with very | |
3825 large projects (like a several volume math book). The parser has been | |
3826 re-written from scratch. To get maximum speed from RefTeX, check the | |
3827 section `Optimizations' in the manual. | |
3828 | |
3829 *** New recursive parser. | |
3830 | |
3831 The old version of RefTeX created a single large buffer containing the | |
3832 entire multifile document in order to parse the document. The new | |
3833 recursive parser scans the individual files. | |
3834 | |
3835 *** Parsing only part of a document. | |
26264 | 3836 |
25853 | 3837 Reparsing of changed document parts can now be made faster by enabling |
3838 partial scans. To use this feature, read the documentation string of | |
3839 the variable `reftex-enable-partial-scans' and set the variable to t. | |
3840 | |
3841 (setq reftex-enable-partial-scans t) | |
3842 | |
3843 *** Storing parsing information in a file. | |
3844 | |
3845 This can improve startup times considerably. To turn it on, use | |
3846 | |
3847 (setq reftex-save-parse-info t) | |
3848 | |
3849 *** Using multiple selection buffers | |
3850 | |
3851 If the creation of label selection buffers is too slow (this happens | |
3852 for large documents), you can reuse these buffers by setting | |
3853 | |
3854 (setq reftex-use-multiple-selection-buffers t) | |
3855 | |
3856 *** References to external documents. | |
3857 | |
3858 The LaTeX package `xr' allows to cross-reference labels in external | |
3859 documents. RefTeX can provide information about the external | |
3860 documents as well. To use this feature, set up the \externaldocument | |
3861 macros required by the `xr' package and rescan the document with | |
3862 RefTeX. The external labels can then be accessed with the `x' key in | |
3863 the selection buffer provided by `reftex-reference' (bound to `C-c )'). | |
3864 The `x' key also works in the table of contents buffer. | |
3865 | |
3866 *** Many more labeled LaTeX environments are recognized by default. | |
3867 | |
3868 The builtin command list now covers all the standard LaTeX commands, | |
3869 and all of the major packages included in the LaTeX distribution. | |
3870 | |
3871 Also, RefTeX now understands the \appendix macro and changes | |
3872 the enumeration of sections in the *toc* buffer accordingly. | |
3873 | |
3874 *** Mouse support for selection and *toc* buffers | |
3875 | |
3876 The mouse can now be used to select items in the selection and *toc* | |
3877 buffers. See also the new option `reftex-highlight-selection'. | |
3878 | |
3879 *** New keymaps for selection and table of contents modes. | |
3880 | |
3881 The selection processes for labels and citation keys, and the table of | |
3882 contents buffer now have their own keymaps: `reftex-select-label-map', | |
3883 `reftex-select-bib-map', `reftex-toc-map'. The selection processes | |
3884 have a number of new keys predefined. In particular, TAB lets you | |
3885 enter a label with completion. Check the on-the-fly help (press `?' | |
3886 at the selection prompt) or read the Info documentation to find out | |
3887 more. | |
3888 | |
3889 *** Support for the varioref package | |
3890 | |
3891 The `v' key in the label selection buffer toggles \ref versus \vref. | |
3892 | |
3893 *** New hooks | |
3894 | |
3895 Three new hooks can be used to redefine the way labels, references, | |
3896 and citations are created. These hooks are | |
3897 `reftex-format-label-function', `reftex-format-ref-function', | |
3898 `reftex-format-cite-function'. | |
3899 | |
3900 *** Citations outside LaTeX | |
3901 | |
3902 The command `reftex-citation' may also be used outside LaTeX (e.g. in | |
3903 a mail buffer). See the Info documentation for details. | |
3904 | |
3905 *** Short context is no longer fontified. | |
3906 | |
3907 The short context in the label menu no longer copies the | |
3908 fontification from the text in the buffer. If you prefer it to be | |
3909 fontified, use | |
3910 | |
3911 (setq reftex-refontify-context t) | |
3912 | |
3913 ** file-cache-minibuffer-complete now accepts a prefix argument. | |
3914 With a prefix argument, it does not try to do completion of | |
3915 the file name within its directory; it only checks for other | |
3916 directories that contain the same file name. | |
3917 | |
3918 Thus, given the file name Makefile, and assuming that a file | |
3919 Makefile.in exists in the same directory, ordinary | |
3920 file-cache-minibuffer-complete will try to complete Makefile to | |
3921 Makefile.in and will therefore never look for other directories that | |
3922 have Makefile. A prefix argument tells it not to look for longer | |
3923 names such as Makefile.in, so that instead it will look for other | |
3924 directories--just as if the name were already complete in its present | |
3925 directory. | |
3926 | |
3927 ** New modes and packages | |
3928 | |
3929 *** There is a new alternative major mode for Perl, Cperl mode. | |
3930 It has many more features than Perl mode, and some people prefer | |
3931 it, but some do not. | |
3932 | |
3933 *** There is a new major mode, M-x vhdl-mode, for editing files of VHDL | |
3934 code. | |
3935 | |
3936 *** M-x which-function-mode enables a minor mode that displays the | |
3937 current function name continuously in the mode line, as you move | |
3938 around in a buffer. | |
3939 | |
3940 Which Function mode is effective in major modes which support Imenu. | |
3941 | |
3942 *** Gametree is a major mode for editing game analysis trees. The author | |
3943 uses it for keeping notes about his postal Chess games, but it should | |
3944 be helpful for other two-player games as well, as long as they have an | |
3945 established system of notation similar to Chess. | |
3946 | |
3947 *** The new minor mode checkdoc-minor-mode provides Emacs Lisp | |
3948 documentation string checking for style and spelling. The style | |
3949 guidelines are found in the Emacs Lisp programming manual. | |
3950 | |
3951 *** The net-utils package makes some common networking features | |
3952 available in Emacs. Some of these functions are wrappers around | |
3953 system utilities (ping, nslookup, etc); others are implementations of | |
3954 simple protocols (finger, whois) in Emacs Lisp. There are also | |
3955 functions to make simple connections to TCP/IP ports for debugging and | |
3956 the like. | |
3957 | |
3958 *** highlight-changes-mode is a minor mode that uses colors to | |
3959 identify recently changed parts of the buffer text. | |
3960 | |
3961 *** The new package `midnight' lets you specify things to be done | |
3962 within Emacs at midnight--by default, kill buffers that you have not | |
3963 used in a considerable time. To use this feature, customize | |
3964 the user option `midnight-mode' to t. | |
3965 | |
3966 *** The file generic-x.el defines a number of simple major modes. | |
3967 | |
3968 apache-generic-mode: For Apache and NCSA httpd configuration files | |
3969 samba-generic-mode: Samba configuration files | |
3970 fvwm-generic-mode: For fvwm initialization files | |
3971 x-resource-generic-mode: For X resource files | |
3972 hosts-generic-mode: For hosts files (.rhosts, /etc/hosts, etc) | |
3973 mailagent-rules-generic-mode: For mailagent .rules files | |
3974 javascript-generic-mode: For JavaScript files | |
3975 vrml-generic-mode: For VRML files | |
3976 java-manifest-generic-mode: For Java MANIFEST files | |
3977 java-properties-generic-mode: For Java property files | |
3978 mailrc-generic-mode: For .mailrc files | |
3979 | |
3980 Platform-specific modes: | |
3981 | |
3982 prototype-generic-mode: For Solaris/Sys V prototype files | |
3983 pkginfo-generic-mode: For Solaris/Sys V pkginfo files | |
3984 alias-generic-mode: For C shell alias files | |
3985 inf-generic-mode: For MS-Windows INF files | |
3986 ini-generic-mode: For MS-Windows INI files | |
3987 reg-generic-mode: For MS-Windows Registry files | |
3988 bat-generic-mode: For MS-Windows BAT scripts | |
3989 rc-generic-mode: For MS-Windows Resource files | |
3990 rul-generic-mode: For InstallShield scripts | |
3991 | |
3992 * Lisp changes in Emacs 20.3 since the Emacs Lisp Manual was published | |
3993 | |
3994 ** If you want a Lisp file to be read in unibyte mode, | |
3995 use -*-unibyte: t;-*- on its first line. | |
3996 That will force Emacs to read that file in unibyte mode. | |
3997 Otherwise, the file will be loaded and byte-compiled in multibyte mode. | |
3998 | |
3999 Thus, each lisp file is read in a consistent way regardless of whether | |
4000 you started Emacs with --unibyte, so that a Lisp program gives | |
4001 consistent results regardless of how Emacs was started. | |
4002 | |
4003 ** The new function assoc-default is useful for searching an alist, | |
4004 and using a default value if the key is not found there. You can | |
4005 specify a comparison predicate, so this function is useful for | |
4006 searching comparing a string against an alist of regular expressions. | |
4007 | |
4008 ** The functions unibyte-char-to-multibyte and | |
4009 multibyte-char-to-unibyte convert between unibyte and multibyte | |
4010 character codes, in a way that is appropriate for the current language | |
4011 environment. | |
4012 | |
4013 ** The functions read-event, read-char and read-char-exclusive now | |
4014 take two optional arguments. PROMPT, if non-nil, specifies a prompt | |
4015 string. SUPPRESS-INPUT-METHOD, if non-nil, says to disable the | |
4016 current input method for reading this one event. | |
4017 | |
4018 ** Two new variables print-escape-nonascii and print-escape-multibyte | |
4019 now control whether to output certain characters as | |
4020 backslash-sequences. print-escape-nonascii applies to single-byte | |
4021 non-ASCII characters; print-escape-multibyte applies to multibyte | |
4022 characters. Both of these variables are used only when printing | |
4023 in readable fashion (prin1 uses them, princ does not). | |
4024 | |
4025 * Lisp changes in Emacs 20.3 before the Emacs Lisp Manual was published | |
4026 | |
4027 ** Compiled Emacs Lisp files made with the modified "MBSK" version | |
4028 of Emacs 20.2 do not work in Emacs 20.3. | |
4029 | |
4030 ** Buffer positions are now measured in characters, as they were | |
4031 in Emacs 19 and before. This means that (forward-char 1) | |
4032 always increases point by 1. | |
4033 | |
4034 The function chars-in-region now just subtracts its arguments. It is | |
4035 considered obsolete. The function char-boundary-p has been deleted. | |
4036 | |
4037 See below for additional changes relating to multibyte characters. | |
4038 | |
4039 ** defcustom, defface and defgroup now accept the keyword `:version'. | |
4040 Use this to specify in which version of Emacs a certain variable's | |
4041 default value changed. For example, | |
4042 | |
4043 (defcustom foo-max 34 "*Maximum number of foo's allowed." | |
4044 :type 'integer | |
4045 :group 'foo | |
4046 :version "20.3") | |
4047 | |
26264 | 4048 (defgroup foo-group nil "The foo group." |
25853 | 4049 :version "20.3") |
4050 | |
4051 If an entire new group is added or the variables in it have the | |
4052 default values changed, then just add a `:version' to that group. It | |
4053 is recommended that new packages added to the distribution contain a | |
4054 `:version' in the top level group. | |
4055 | |
4056 This information is used to control the customize-changed-options command. | |
4057 | |
4058 ** It is now an error to change the value of a symbol whose name | |
4059 starts with a colon--if it is interned in the standard obarray. | |
4060 | |
4061 However, setting such a symbol to its proper value, which is that | |
4062 symbol itself, is not an error. This is for the sake of programs that | |
4063 support previous Emacs versions by explicitly setting these variables | |
4064 to themselves. | |
4065 | |
4066 If you set the variable keyword-symbols-constant-flag to nil, | |
4067 this error is suppressed, and you can set these symbols to any | |
4068 values whatever. | |
4069 | |
4070 ** There is a new debugger command, R. | |
4071 It evaluates an expression like e, but saves the result | |
4072 in the buffer *Debugger-record*. | |
4073 | |
4074 ** Frame-local variables. | |
4075 | |
4076 You can now make a variable local to various frames. To do this, call | |
4077 the function make-variable-frame-local; this enables frames to have | |
4078 local bindings for that variable. | |
4079 | |
4080 These frame-local bindings are actually frame parameters: you create a | |
4081 frame-local binding in a specific frame by calling | |
4082 modify-frame-parameters and specifying the variable name as the | |
4083 parameter name. | |
4084 | |
4085 Buffer-local bindings take precedence over frame-local bindings. | |
4086 Thus, if the current buffer has a buffer-local binding, that binding is | |
4087 active; otherwise, if the selected frame has a frame-local binding, | |
4088 that binding is active; otherwise, the default binding is active. | |
4089 | |
4090 It would not be hard to implement window-local bindings, but it is not | |
4091 clear that this would be very useful; windows tend to come and go in a | |
4092 very transitory fashion, so that trying to produce any specific effect | |
4093 through a window-local binding would not be very robust. | |
4094 | |
4095 ** `sregexq' and `sregex' are two new functions for constructing | |
4096 "symbolic regular expressions." These are Lisp expressions that, when | |
4097 evaluated, yield conventional string-based regexps. The symbolic form | |
4098 makes it easier to construct, read, and maintain complex patterns. | |
4099 See the documentation in sregex.el. | |
4100 | |
4101 ** parse-partial-sexp's return value has an additional element which | |
4102 is used to pass information along if you pass it to another call to | |
4103 parse-partial-sexp, starting its scan where the first call ended. | |
4104 The contents of this field are not yet finalized. | |
4105 | |
4106 ** eval-region now accepts a fourth optional argument READ-FUNCTION. | |
4107 If it is non-nil, that function is used instead of `read'. | |
4108 | |
4109 ** unload-feature by default removes the feature's functions from | |
4110 known hooks to avoid trouble, but a package providing FEATURE can | |
4111 define a hook FEATURE-unload-hook to be run by unload-feature instead. | |
4112 | |
4113 ** read-from-minibuffer no longer returns the argument DEFAULT-VALUE | |
4114 when the user enters empty input. It now returns the null string, as | |
4115 it did in Emacs 19. The default value is made available in the | |
4116 history via M-n, but it is not applied here as a default. | |
4117 | |
4118 The other, more specialized minibuffer-reading functions continue to | |
4119 return the default value (not the null string) when the user enters | |
4120 empty input. | |
4121 | |
4122 ** The new variable read-buffer-function controls which routine to use | |
4123 for selecting buffers. For example, if you set this variable to | |
4124 `iswitchb-read-buffer', iswitchb will be used to read buffer names. | |
4125 Other functions can also be used if they accept the same arguments as | |
4126 `read-buffer' and return the selected buffer name as a string. | |
4127 | |
4128 ** The new function read-passwd reads a password from the terminal, | |
4129 echoing a period for each character typed. It takes three arguments: | |
4130 a prompt string, a flag which says "read it twice to make sure", and a | |
4131 default password to use if the user enters nothing. | |
4132 | |
4133 ** The variable fill-nobreak-predicate gives major modes a way to | |
4134 specify not to break a line at certain places. Its value is a | |
4135 function which is called with no arguments, with point located at the | |
4136 place where a break is being considered. If the function returns | |
4137 non-nil, then the line won't be broken there. | |
4138 | |
4139 ** window-end now takes an optional second argument, UPDATE. | |
4140 If this is non-nil, then the function always returns an accurate | |
4141 up-to-date value for the buffer position corresponding to the | |
4142 end of the window, even if this requires computation. | |
4143 | |
4144 ** other-buffer now takes an optional argument FRAME | |
4145 which specifies which frame's buffer list to use. | |
4146 If it is nil, that means use the selected frame's buffer list. | |
4147 | |
4148 ** The new variable buffer-display-time, always local in every buffer, | |
4149 holds the value of (current-time) as of the last time that a window | |
4150 was directed to display this buffer. | |
4151 | |
4152 ** It is now meaningful to compare two window-configuration objects | |
4153 with `equal'. Two window-configuration objects are equal if they | |
4154 describe equivalent arrangements of windows, in the same frame--in | |
4155 other words, if they would give the same results if passed to | |
4156 set-window-configuration. | |
4157 | |
4158 ** compare-window-configurations is a new function that compares two | |
4159 window configurations loosely. It ignores differences in saved buffer | |
4160 positions and scrolling, and considers only the structure and sizes of | |
4161 windows and the choice of buffers to display. | |
4162 | |
4163 ** The variable minor-mode-overriding-map-alist allows major modes to | |
4164 override the key bindings of a minor mode. The elements of this alist | |
4165 look like the elements of minor-mode-map-alist: (VARIABLE . KEYMAP). | |
4166 | |
4167 If the VARIABLE in an element of minor-mode-overriding-map-alist has a | |
4168 non-nil value, the paired KEYMAP is active, and totally overrides the | |
4169 map (if any) specified for the same variable in minor-mode-map-alist. | |
4170 | |
4171 minor-mode-overriding-map-alist is automatically local in all buffers, | |
4172 and it is meant to be set by major modes. | |
4173 | |
4174 ** The function match-string-no-properties is like match-string | |
4175 except that it discards all text properties from the result. | |
4176 | |
4177 ** The function load-average now accepts an optional argument | |
4178 USE-FLOATS. If it is non-nil, the load average values are returned as | |
4179 floating point numbers, rather than as integers to be divided by 100. | |
4180 | |
4181 ** The new variable temporary-file-directory specifies the directory | |
4182 to use for creating temporary files. The default value is determined | |
4183 in a reasonable way for your operating system; on GNU and Unix systems | |
4184 it is based on the TMP and TMPDIR environment variables. | |
4185 | |
4186 ** Menu changes | |
4187 | |
4188 *** easymenu.el now uses the new menu item format and supports the | |
4189 keywords :visible and :filter. The existing keyword :keys is now | |
4190 better supported. | |
4191 | |
4192 The variable `easy-menu-precalculate-equivalent-keybindings' controls | |
4193 a new feature which calculates keyboard equivalents for the menu when | |
4194 you define the menu. The default is t. If you rarely use menus, you | |
4195 can set the variable to nil to disable this precalculation feature; | |
4196 then the calculation is done only if you use the menu bar. | |
4197 | |
4198 *** A new format for menu items is supported. | |
4199 | |
4200 In a keymap, a key binding that has the format | |
4201 (STRING . REAL-BINDING) or (STRING HELP-STRING . REAL-BINDING) | |
4202 defines a menu item. Now a menu item definition may also be a list that | |
4203 starts with the symbol `menu-item'. | |
4204 | |
4205 The format is: | |
4206 (menu-item ITEM-NAME) or | |
4207 (menu-item ITEM-NAME REAL-BINDING . ITEM-PROPERTY-LIST) | |
4208 where ITEM-NAME is an expression which evaluates to the menu item | |
4209 string, and ITEM-PROPERTY-LIST has the form of a property list. | |
4210 The supported properties include | |
4211 | |
4212 :enable FORM Evaluate FORM to determine whether the | |
4213 item is enabled. | |
4214 :visible FORM Evaluate FORM to determine whether the | |
4215 item should appear in the menu. | |
26264 | 4216 :filter FILTER-FN |
25853 | 4217 FILTER-FN is a function of one argument, |
4218 which will be REAL-BINDING. | |
4219 It should return a binding to use instead. | |
4220 :keys DESCRIPTION | |
4221 DESCRIPTION is a string that describes an equivalent keyboard | |
4222 binding for for REAL-BINDING. DESCRIPTION is expanded with | |
4223 `substitute-command-keys' before it is used. | |
4224 :key-sequence KEY-SEQUENCE | |
4225 KEY-SEQUENCE is a key-sequence for an equivalent | |
4226 keyboard binding. | |
4227 :key-sequence nil | |
4228 This means that the command normally has no | |
4229 keyboard equivalent. | |
4230 :help HELP HELP is the extra help string (not currently used). | |
4231 :button (TYPE . SELECTED) | |
4232 TYPE is :toggle or :radio. | |
4233 SELECTED is a form, to be evaluated, and its | |
4234 value says whether this button is currently selected. | |
4235 | |
4236 Buttons are at the moment only simulated by prefixes in the menu. | |
4237 Eventually ordinary X-buttons may be supported. | |
4238 | |
4239 (menu-item ITEM-NAME) defines unselectable item. | |
4240 | |
4241 ** New event types | |
4242 | |
4243 *** The new event type `mouse-wheel' is generated by a wheel on a | |
4244 mouse (such as the MS Intellimouse). The event contains a delta that | |
4245 corresponds to the amount and direction that the wheel is rotated, | |
4246 which is typically used to implement a scroll or zoom. The format is: | |
4247 | |
4248 (mouse-wheel POSITION DELTA) | |
4249 | |
4250 where POSITION is a list describing the position of the event in the | |
4251 same format as a mouse-click event, and DELTA is a signed number | |
4252 indicating the number of increments by which the wheel was rotated. A | |
4253 negative DELTA indicates that the wheel was rotated backwards, towards | |
4254 the user, and a positive DELTA indicates that the wheel was rotated | |
4255 forward, away from the user. | |
4256 | |
4257 As of now, this event type is generated only on MS Windows. | |
4258 | |
4259 *** The new event type `drag-n-drop' is generated when a group of | |
4260 files is selected in an application outside of Emacs, and then dragged | |
4261 and dropped onto an Emacs frame. The event contains a list of | |
4262 filenames that were dragged and dropped, which are then typically | |
4263 loaded into Emacs. The format is: | |
4264 | |
4265 (drag-n-drop POSITION FILES) | |
4266 | |
4267 where POSITION is a list describing the position of the event in the | |
4268 same format as a mouse-click event, and FILES is the list of filenames | |
4269 that were dragged and dropped. | |
4270 | |
4271 As of now, this event type is generated only on MS Windows. | |
4272 | |
4273 ** Changes relating to multibyte characters. | |
4274 | |
4275 *** The variable enable-multibyte-characters is now read-only; | |
4276 any attempt to set it directly signals an error. The only way | |
4277 to change this value in an existing buffer is with set-buffer-multibyte. | |
4278 | |
4279 *** In a string constant, `\ ' now stands for "nothing at all". You | |
4280 can use it to terminate a hex escape which is followed by a character | |
4281 that could otherwise be read as part of the hex escape. | |
4282 | |
4283 *** String indices are now measured in characters, as they were | |
4284 in Emacs 19 and before. | |
4285 | |
4286 The function chars-in-string has been deleted. | |
4287 The function concat-chars has been renamed to `string'. | |
4288 | |
4289 *** The function set-buffer-multibyte sets the flag in the current | |
4290 buffer that says whether the buffer uses multibyte representation or | |
4291 unibyte representation. If the argument is nil, it selects unibyte | |
4292 representation. Otherwise it selects multibyte representation. | |
4293 | |
4294 This function does not change the contents of the buffer, viewed | |
4295 as a sequence of bytes. However, it does change the contents | |
4296 viewed as characters; a sequence of two bytes which is treated as | |
4297 one character when the buffer uses multibyte representation | |
4298 will count as two characters using unibyte representation. | |
4299 | |
4300 This function sets enable-multibyte-characters to record which | |
4301 representation is in use. It also adjusts various data in the buffer | |
4302 (including its markers, overlays and text properties) so that they are | |
4303 consistent with the new representation. | |
4304 | |
4305 *** string-make-multibyte takes a string and converts it to multibyte | |
4306 representation. Most of the time, you don't need to care | |
4307 about the representation, because Emacs converts when necessary; | |
4308 however, it makes a difference when you compare strings. | |
4309 | |
4310 The conversion of non-ASCII characters works by adding the value of | |
4311 nonascii-insert-offset to each character, or by translating them | |
4312 using the table nonascii-translation-table. | |
4313 | |
4314 *** string-make-unibyte takes a string and converts it to unibyte | |
4315 representation. Most of the time, you don't need to care about the | |
4316 representation, but it makes a difference when you compare strings. | |
4317 | |
4318 The conversion from multibyte to unibyte representation | |
4319 loses information; the only time Emacs performs it automatically | |
4320 is when inserting a multibyte string into a unibyte buffer. | |
4321 | |
4322 *** string-as-multibyte takes a string, and returns another string | |
4323 which contains the same bytes, but treats them as multibyte. | |
4324 | |
4325 *** string-as-unibyte takes a string, and returns another string | |
4326 which contains the same bytes, but treats them as unibyte. | |
4327 | |
4328 *** The new function compare-strings lets you compare | |
4329 portions of two strings. Unibyte strings are converted to multibyte, | |
4330 so that a unibyte string can match a multibyte string. | |
4331 You can specify whether to ignore case or not. | |
4332 | |
4333 *** assoc-ignore-case now uses compare-strings so that | |
4334 it can treat unibyte and multibyte strings as equal. | |
4335 | |
4336 *** Regular expression operations and buffer string searches now | |
4337 convert the search pattern to multibyte or unibyte to accord with the | |
4338 buffer or string being searched. | |
4339 | |
4340 One consequence is that you cannot always use \200-\377 inside of | |
4341 [...] to match all non-ASCII characters. This does still work when | |
4342 searching or matching a unibyte buffer or string, but not when | |
4343 searching or matching a multibyte string. Unfortunately, there is no | |
4344 obvious choice of syntax to use within [...] for that job. But, what | |
4345 you want is just to match all non-ASCII characters, the regular | |
4346 expression [^\0-\177] works for it. | |
4347 | |
4348 *** Structure of coding system changed. | |
4349 | |
4350 All coding systems (including aliases and subsidiaries) are named | |
4351 by symbols; the symbol's `coding-system' property is a vector | |
4352 which defines the coding system. Aliases share the same vector | |
4353 as the principal name, so that altering the contents of this | |
4354 vector affects the principal name and its aliases. You can define | |
4355 your own alias name of a coding system by the function | |
4356 define-coding-system-alias. | |
4357 | |
4358 The coding system definition includes a property list of its own. Use | |
4359 the new functions `coding-system-get' and `coding-system-put' to | |
4360 access such coding system properties as post-read-conversion, | |
4361 pre-write-conversion, character-translation-table-for-decode, | |
4362 character-translation-table-for-encode, mime-charset, and | |
4363 safe-charsets. For instance, (coding-system-get 'iso-latin-1 | |
4364 'mime-charset) gives the corresponding MIME-charset parameter | |
4365 `iso-8859-1'. | |
4366 | |
4367 Among the coding system properties listed above, safe-charsets is new. | |
4368 The value of this property is a list of character sets which this | |
4369 coding system can correctly encode and decode. For instance: | |
4370 (coding-system-get 'iso-latin-1 'safe-charsets) => (ascii latin-iso8859-1) | |
4371 | |
4372 Here, "correctly encode" means that the encoded character sets can | |
4373 also be handled safely by systems other than Emacs as far as they | |
4374 are capable of that coding system. Though, Emacs itself can encode | |
4375 the other character sets and read it back correctly. | |
4376 | |
4377 *** The new function select-safe-coding-system can be used to find a | |
4378 proper coding system for encoding the specified region or string. | |
4379 This function requires a user interaction. | |
4380 | |
4381 *** The new functions find-coding-systems-region and | |
4382 find-coding-systems-string are helper functions used by | |
4383 select-safe-coding-system. They return a list of all proper coding | |
4384 systems to encode a text in some region or string. If you don't want | |
4385 a user interaction, use one of these functions instead of | |
4386 select-safe-coding-system. | |
4387 | |
4388 *** The explicit encoding and decoding functions, such as | |
4389 decode-coding-region and encode-coding-string, now set | |
4390 last-coding-system-used to reflect the actual way encoding or decoding | |
4391 was done. | |
4392 | |
4393 *** The new function detect-coding-with-language-environment can be | |
4394 used to detect a coding system of text according to priorities of | |
4395 coding systems used by some specific language environment. | |
4396 | |
4397 *** The functions detect-coding-region and detect-coding-string always | |
4398 return a list if the arg HIGHEST is nil. Thus, if only ASCII | |
4399 characters are found, they now return a list of single element | |
4400 `undecided' or its subsidiaries. | |
4401 | |
4402 *** The new functions coding-system-change-eol-conversion and | |
4403 coding-system-change-text-conversion can be used to get a different | |
4404 coding system than what specified only in how end-of-line or text is | |
4405 converted. | |
4406 | |
4407 *** The new function set-selection-coding-system can be used to set a | |
4408 coding system for communicating with other X clients. | |
4409 | |
4410 *** The function `map-char-table' now passes as argument only valid | |
4411 character codes, plus generic characters that stand for entire | |
4412 character sets or entire subrows of a character set. In other words, | |
4413 each time `map-char-table' calls its FUNCTION argument, the key value | |
4414 either will be a valid individual character code, or will stand for a | |
4415 range of characters. | |
4416 | |
4417 *** The new function `char-valid-p' can be used for checking whether a | |
4418 Lisp object is a valid character code or not. | |
4419 | |
4420 *** The new function `charset-after' returns a charset of a character | |
4421 in the current buffer at position POS. | |
4422 | |
4423 *** Input methods are now implemented using the variable | |
4424 input-method-function. If this is non-nil, its value should be a | |
4425 function; then, whenever Emacs reads an input event that is a printing | |
4426 character with no modifier bits, it calls that function, passing the | |
4427 event as an argument. Often this function will read more input, first | |
4428 binding input-method-function to nil. | |
4429 | |
4430 The return value should be a list of the events resulting from input | |
4431 method processing. These events will be processed sequentially as | |
4432 input, before resorting to unread-command-events. Events returned by | |
4433 the input method function are not passed to the input method function, | |
4434 not even if they are printing characters with no modifier bits. | |
4435 | |
4436 The input method function is not called when reading the second and | |
4437 subsequent events of a key sequence. | |
4438 | |
4439 *** You can customize any language environment by using | |
4440 set-language-environment-hook and exit-language-environment-hook. | |
4441 | |
4442 The hook `exit-language-environment-hook' should be used to undo | |
4443 customizations that you made with set-language-environment-hook. For | |
4444 instance, if you set up a special key binding for a specific language | |
4445 environment by set-language-environment-hook, you should set up | |
4446 exit-language-environment-hook to restore the normal key binding. | |
4447 | |
4448 * Changes in Emacs 20.1 | |
4449 | |
4450 ** Emacs has a new facility for customization of its many user | |
4451 options. It is called M-x customize. With this facility you can look | |
4452 at the many user options in an organized way; they are grouped into a | |
4453 tree structure. | |
4454 | |
4455 M-x customize also knows what sorts of values are legitimate for each | |
4456 user option and ensures that you don't use invalid values. | |
4457 | |
4458 With M-x customize, you can set options either for the present Emacs | |
4459 session or permanently. (Permanent settings are stored automatically | |
4460 in your .emacs file.) | |
4461 | |
4462 ** Scroll bars are now on the left side of the window. | |
4463 You can change this with M-x customize-option scroll-bar-mode. | |
4464 | |
4465 ** The mode line no longer includes the string `Emacs'. | |
4466 This makes more space in the mode line for other information. | |
4467 | |
4468 ** When you select a region with the mouse, it is highlighted | |
4469 immediately afterward. At that time, if you type the DELETE key, it | |
4470 kills the region. | |
4471 | |
4472 The BACKSPACE key, and the ASCII character DEL, do not do this; they | |
4473 delete the character before point, as usual. | |
4474 | |
4475 ** In an incremental search the whole current match is highlighted | |
4476 on terminals which support this. (You can disable this feature | |
4477 by setting search-highlight to nil.) | |
4478 | |
4479 ** In the minibuffer, in some cases, you can now use M-n to | |
4480 insert the default value into the minibuffer as text. In effect, | |
4481 the default value (if the minibuffer routines know it) is tacked | |
4482 onto the history "in the future". (The more normal use of the | |
4483 history list is to use M-p to insert minibuffer input used in the | |
4484 past.) | |
4485 | |
4486 ** In Text mode, now only blank lines separate paragraphs. | |
4487 This makes it possible to get the full benefit of Adaptive Fill mode | |
4488 in Text mode, and other modes derived from it (such as Mail mode). | |
4489 TAB in Text mode now runs the command indent-relative; this | |
4490 makes a practical difference only when you use indented paragraphs. | |
4491 | |
4492 As a result, the old Indented Text mode is now identical to Text mode, | |
4493 and is an alias for it. | |
4494 | |
4495 If you want spaces at the beginning of a line to start a paragraph, | |
4496 use the new mode, Paragraph Indent Text mode. | |
4497 | |
4498 ** Scrolling changes | |
4499 | |
4500 *** Scroll commands to scroll a whole screen now preserve the screen | |
4501 position of the cursor, if scroll-preserve-screen-position is non-nil. | |
4502 | |
4503 In this mode, if you scroll several screens back and forth, finishing | |
4504 on the same screen where you started, the cursor goes back to the line | |
4505 where it started. | |
4506 | |
4507 *** If you set scroll-conservatively to a small number, then when you | |
4508 move point a short distance off the screen, Emacs will scroll the | |
4509 screen just far enough to bring point back on screen, provided that | |
4510 does not exceed `scroll-conservatively' lines. | |
4511 | |
4512 *** The new variable scroll-margin says how close point can come to the | |
4513 top or bottom of a window. It is a number of screen lines; if point | |
4514 comes within that many lines of the top or bottom of the window, Emacs | |
4515 recenters the window. | |
4516 | |
4517 ** International character set support (MULE) | |
4518 | |
4519 Emacs now supports a wide variety of international character sets, | |
4520 including European variants of the Latin alphabet, as well as Chinese, | |
4521 Devanagari (Hindi and Marathi), Ethiopian, Greek, IPA, Japanese, | |
4522 Korean, Lao, Russian, Thai, Tibetan, and Vietnamese scripts. These | |
4523 features have been merged from the modified version of Emacs known as | |
4524 MULE (for "MULti-lingual Enhancement to GNU Emacs") | |
4525 | |
4526 Users of these scripts have established many more-or-less standard | |
4527 coding systems for storing files. Emacs uses a single multibyte | |
4528 character encoding within Emacs buffers; it can translate from a wide | |
4529 variety of coding systems when reading a file and can translate back | |
4530 into any of these coding systems when saving a file. | |
4531 | |
4532 Keyboards, even in the countries where these character sets are used, | |
4533 generally don't have keys for all the characters in them. So Emacs | |
4534 supports various "input methods", typically one for each script or | |
4535 language, to make it possible to type them. | |
4536 | |
4537 The Emacs internal multibyte encoding represents a non-ASCII | |
4538 character as a sequence of bytes in the range 0200 through 0377. | |
4539 | |
4540 The new prefix key C-x RET is used for commands that pertain | |
4541 to multibyte characters, coding systems, and input methods. | |
4542 | |
4543 You can disable multibyte character support as follows: | |
4544 | |
4545 (setq-default enable-multibyte-characters nil) | |
4546 | |
4547 Calling the function standard-display-european turns off multibyte | |
4548 characters, unless you specify a non-nil value for the second | |
4549 argument, AUTO. This provides compatibility for people who are | |
4550 already using standard-display-european to continue using unibyte | |
4551 characters for their work until they want to change. | |
4552 | |
4553 *** Input methods | |
4554 | |
4555 An input method is a kind of character conversion which is designed | |
4556 specifically for interactive input. In Emacs, typically each language | |
4557 has its own input method (though sometimes several languages which use | |
4558 the same characters can share one input method). Some languages | |
4559 support several input methods. | |
4560 | |
4561 The simplest kind of input method works by mapping ASCII letters into | |
4562 another alphabet. This is how the Greek and Russian input methods | |
4563 work. | |
4564 | |
4565 A more powerful technique is composition: converting sequences of | |
4566 characters into one letter. Many European input methods use | |
4567 composition to produce a single non-ASCII letter from a sequence which | |
4568 consists of a letter followed by diacritics. For example, a' is one | |
4569 sequence of two characters that might be converted into a single | |
4570 letter. | |
4571 | |
4572 The input methods for syllabic scripts typically use mapping followed | |
4573 by conversion. The input methods for Thai and Korean work this way. | |
4574 First, letters are mapped into symbols for particular sounds or tone | |
4575 marks; then, sequences of these which make up a whole syllable are | |
4576 mapped into one syllable sign--most often a "composite character". | |
4577 | |
4578 None of these methods works very well for Chinese and Japanese, so | |
4579 they are handled specially. First you input a whole word using | |
4580 phonetic spelling; then, after the word is in the buffer, Emacs | |
4581 converts it into one or more characters using a large dictionary. | |
4582 | |
4583 Since there is more than one way to represent a phonetically spelled | |
4584 word using Chinese characters, Emacs can only guess which one to use; | |
4585 typically these input methods give you a way to say "guess again" if | |
4586 the first guess is wrong. | |
4587 | |
4588 *** The command C-x RET m (toggle-enable-multibyte-characters) | |
4589 turns multibyte character support on or off for the current buffer. | |
4590 | |
4591 If multibyte character support is turned off in a buffer, then each | |
4592 byte is a single character, even codes 0200 through 0377--exactly as | |
4593 they did in Emacs 19.34. This includes the features for support for | |
4594 the European characters, ISO Latin-1 and ISO Latin-2. | |
4595 | |
4596 However, there is no need to turn off multibyte character support to | |
4597 use ISO Latin-1 or ISO Latin-2; the Emacs multibyte character set | |
4598 includes all the characters in these character sets, and Emacs can | |
4599 translate automatically to and from either one. | |
4600 | |
4601 *** Visiting a file in unibyte mode. | |
4602 | |
4603 Turning off multibyte character support in the buffer after visiting a | |
4604 file with multibyte code conversion will display the multibyte | |
4605 sequences already in the buffer, byte by byte. This is probably not | |
4606 what you want. | |
4607 | |
4608 If you want to edit a file of unibyte characters (Latin-1, for | |
4609 example), you can do it by specifying `no-conversion' as the coding | |
4610 system when reading the file. This coding system also turns off | |
4611 multibyte characters in that buffer. | |
4612 | |
4613 If you turn off multibyte character support entirely, this turns off | |
4614 character conversion as well. | |
4615 | |
4616 *** Displaying international characters on X Windows. | |
4617 | |
4618 A font for X typically displays just one alphabet or script. | |
4619 Therefore, displaying the entire range of characters Emacs supports | |
4620 requires using many fonts. | |
4621 | |
4622 Therefore, Emacs now supports "fontsets". Each fontset is a | |
4623 collection of fonts, each assigned to a range of character codes. | |
4624 | |
4625 A fontset has a name, like a font. Individual fonts are defined by | |
4626 the X server; fontsets are defined within Emacs itself. But once you | |
4627 have defined a fontset, you can use it in a face or a frame just as | |
4628 you would use a font. | |
4629 | |
4630 If a fontset specifies no font for a certain character, or if it | |
4631 specifies a font that does not exist on your system, then it cannot | |
4632 display that character. It will display an empty box instead. | |
4633 | |
4634 The fontset height and width are determined by the ASCII characters | |
4635 (that is, by the font in the fontset which is used for ASCII | |
4636 characters). If another font in the fontset has a different height, | |
4637 or the wrong width, then characters assigned to that font are clipped, | |
4638 and displayed within a box if highlight-wrong-size-font is non-nil. | |
4639 | |
4640 *** Defining fontsets. | |
4641 | |
4642 Emacs does not use any fontset by default. Its default font is still | |
4643 chosen as in previous versions. You can tell Emacs to use a fontset | |
4644 with the `-fn' option or the `Font' X resource. | |
4645 | |
4646 Emacs creates a standard fontset automatically according to the value | |
4647 of standard-fontset-spec. This fontset's short name is | |
4648 `fontset-standard'. Bold, italic, and bold-italic variants of the | |
4649 standard fontset are created automatically. | |
4650 | |
4651 If you specify a default ASCII font with the `Font' resource or `-fn' | |
4652 argument, a fontset is generated from it. This works by replacing the | |
4653 FOUNDARY, FAMILY, ADD_STYLE, and AVERAGE_WIDTH fields of the font name | |
4654 with `*' then using this to specify a fontset. This fontset's short | |
4655 name is `fontset-startup'. | |
4656 | |
4657 Emacs checks resources of the form Fontset-N where N is 0, 1, 2... | |
4658 The resource value should have this form: | |
4659 FONTSET-NAME, [CHARSET-NAME:FONT-NAME]... | |
4660 FONTSET-NAME should have the form of a standard X font name, except: | |
4661 * most fields should be just the wild card "*". | |
4662 * the CHARSET_REGISTRY field should be "fontset" | |
4663 * the CHARSET_ENCODING field can be any nickname of the fontset. | |
4664 The construct CHARSET-NAME:FONT-NAME can be repeated any number | |
4665 of times; each time specifies the font for one character set. | |
4666 CHARSET-NAME should be the name name of a character set, and | |
4667 FONT-NAME should specify an actual font to use for that character set. | |
4668 | |
4669 Each of these fontsets has an alias which is made from the | |
4670 last two font name fields, CHARSET_REGISTRY and CHARSET_ENCODING. | |
4671 You can refer to the fontset by that alias or by its full name. | |
4672 | |
4673 For any character sets that you don't mention, Emacs tries to choose a | |
4674 font by substituting into FONTSET-NAME. For instance, with the | |
4675 following resource, | |
4676 Emacs*Fontset-0: -*-fixed-medium-r-normal-*-24-*-*-*-*-*-fontset-24 | |
4677 the font for ASCII is generated as below: | |
4678 -*-fixed-medium-r-normal-*-24-*-ISO8859-1 | |
4679 Here is the substitution rule: | |
4680 Change CHARSET_REGISTRY and CHARSET_ENCODING to that of the charset | |
4681 defined in the variable x-charset-registries. For instance, ASCII has | |
4682 the entry (ascii . "ISO8859-1") in this variable. Then, reduce | |
4683 sequences of wild cards -*-...-*- with a single wildcard -*-. | |
4684 (This is to prevent use of auto-scaled fonts.) | |
4685 | |
4686 The function which processes the fontset resource value to create the | |
4687 fontset is called create-fontset-from-fontset-spec. You can also call | |
4688 that function explicitly to create a fontset. | |
4689 | |
4690 With the X resource Emacs.Font, you can specify a fontset name just | |
4691 like an actual font name. But be careful not to specify a fontset | |
4692 name in a wildcard resource like Emacs*Font--that tries to specify the | |
4693 fontset for other purposes including menus, and they cannot handle | |
4694 fontsets. | |
4695 | |
4696 *** The command M-x set-language-environment sets certain global Emacs | |
4697 defaults for a particular choice of language. | |
4698 | |
4699 Selecting a language environment typically specifies a default input | |
4700 method and which coding systems to recognize automatically when | |
4701 visiting files. However, it does not try to reread files you have | |
4702 already visited; the text in those buffers is not affected. The | |
4703 language environment may also specify a default choice of coding | |
4704 system for new files that you create. | |
4705 | |
4706 It makes no difference which buffer is current when you use | |
4707 set-language-environment, because these defaults apply globally to the | |
4708 whole Emacs session. | |
4709 | |
4710 For example, M-x set-language-environment RET Latin-1 RET | |
4711 chooses the Latin-1 character set. In the .emacs file, you can do this | |
4712 with (set-language-environment "Latin-1"). | |
4713 | |
4714 *** The command C-x RET f (set-buffer-file-coding-system) | |
4715 specifies the file coding system for the current buffer. This | |
4716 specifies what sort of character code translation to do when saving | |
4717 the file. As an argument, you must specify the name of one of the | |
4718 coding systems that Emacs supports. | |
4719 | |
4720 *** The command C-x RET c (universal-coding-system-argument) | |
4721 lets you specify a coding system when you read or write a file. | |
4722 This command uses the minibuffer to read a coding system name. | |
4723 After you exit the minibuffer, the specified coding system | |
4724 is used for *the immediately following command*. | |
4725 | |
4726 So if the immediately following command is a command to read or | |
4727 write a file, it uses the specified coding system for that file. | |
4728 | |
4729 If the immediately following command does not use the coding system, | |
4730 then C-x RET c ultimately has no effect. | |
4731 | |
4732 For example, C-x RET c iso-8859-1 RET C-x C-f temp RET | |
4733 visits the file `temp' treating it as ISO Latin-1. | |
4734 | |
4735 *** You can specify the coding system for a file using the -*- | |
4736 construct. Include `coding: CODINGSYSTEM;' inside the -*-...-*- | |
4737 to specify use of coding system CODINGSYSTEM. You can also | |
4738 specify the coding system in a local variable list at the end | |
4739 of the file. | |
4740 | |
4741 *** The command C-x RET t (set-terminal-coding-system) specifies | |
4742 the coding system for terminal output. If you specify a character | |
4743 code for terminal output, all characters output to the terminal are | |
4744 translated into that character code. | |
4745 | |
4746 This feature is useful for certain character-only terminals built in | |
4747 various countries to support the languages of those countries. | |
4748 | |
4749 By default, output to the terminal is not translated at all. | |
4750 | |
4751 *** The command C-x RET k (set-keyboard-coding-system) specifies | |
4752 the coding system for keyboard input. | |
4753 | |
4754 Character code translation of keyboard input is useful for terminals | |
4755 with keys that send non-ASCII graphic characters--for example, | |
4756 some terminals designed for ISO Latin-1 or subsets of it. | |
4757 | |
4758 By default, keyboard input is not translated at all. | |
4759 | |
4760 Character code translation of keyboard input is similar to using an | |
4761 input method, in that both define sequences of keyboard input that | |
4762 translate into single characters. However, input methods are designed | |
4763 to be convenient for interactive use, while the code translations are | |
4764 designed to work with terminals. | |
4765 | |
4766 *** The command C-x RET p (set-buffer-process-coding-system) | |
4767 specifies the coding system for input and output to a subprocess. | |
4768 This command applies to the current buffer; normally, each subprocess | |
4769 has its own buffer, and thus you can use this command to specify | |
4770 translation to and from a particular subprocess by giving the command | |
4771 in the corresponding buffer. | |
4772 | |
4773 By default, process input and output are not translated at all. | |
4774 | |
4775 *** The variable file-name-coding-system specifies the coding system | |
4776 to use for encoding file names before operating on them. | |
4777 It is also used for decoding file names obtained from the system. | |
4778 | |
4779 *** The command C-\ (toggle-input-method) activates or deactivates | |
4780 an input method. If no input method has been selected before, the | |
4781 command prompts for you to specify the language and input method you | |
4782 want to use. | |
4783 | |
4784 C-u C-\ (select-input-method) lets you switch to a different input | |
4785 method. C-h C-\ (or C-h I) describes the current input method. | |
4786 | |
4787 *** Some input methods remap the keyboard to emulate various keyboard | |
4788 layouts commonly used for particular scripts. How to do this | |
4789 remapping properly depends on your actual keyboard layout. To specify | |
4790 which layout your keyboard has, use M-x quail-set-keyboard-layout. | |
4791 | |
4792 *** The command C-h C (describe-coding-system) displays | |
4793 the coding systems currently selected for various purposes, plus | |
4794 related information. | |
4795 | |
4796 *** The command C-h h (view-hello-file) displays a file called | |
4797 HELLO, which has examples of text in many languages, using various | |
4798 scripts. | |
4799 | |
4800 *** The command C-h L (describe-language-support) displays | |
4801 information about the support for a particular language. | |
4802 You specify the language as an argument. | |
4803 | |
4804 *** The mode line now contains a letter or character that identifies | |
4805 the coding system used in the visited file. It normally follows the | |
4806 first dash. | |
4807 | |
4808 A dash indicates the default state of affairs: no code conversion | |
4809 (except CRLF => newline if appropriate). `=' means no conversion | |
4810 whatsoever. The ISO 8859 coding systems are represented by digits | |
4811 1 through 9. Other coding systems are represented by letters: | |
4812 | |
4813 A alternativnyj (Russian) | |
4814 B big5 (Chinese) | |
4815 C cn-gb-2312 (Chinese) | |
4816 C iso-2022-cn (Chinese) | |
4817 D in-is13194-devanagari (Indian languages) | |
4818 E euc-japan (Japanese) | |
4819 I iso-2022-cjk or iso-2022-ss2 (Chinese, Japanese, Korean) | |
4820 J junet (iso-2022-7) or old-jis (iso-2022-jp-1978-irv) (Japanese) | |
4821 K euc-korea (Korean) | |
4822 R koi8 (Russian) | |
4823 Q tibetan | |
4824 S shift_jis (Japanese) | |
4825 T lao | |
4826 T tis620 (Thai) | |
4827 V viscii or vscii (Vietnamese) | |
4828 i iso-2022-lock (Chinese, Japanese, Korean) | |
4829 k iso-2022-kr (Korean) | |
4830 v viqr (Vietnamese) | |
4831 z hz (Chinese) | |
4832 | |
4833 When you are using a character-only terminal (not a window system), | |
4834 two additional characters appear in between the dash and the file | |
4835 coding system. These two characters describe the coding system for | |
4836 keyboard input, and the coding system for terminal output. | |
4837 | |
4838 *** The new variable rmail-file-coding-system specifies the code | |
4839 conversion to use for RMAIL files. The default value is nil. | |
4840 | |
4841 When you read mail with Rmail, each message is decoded automatically | |
4842 into Emacs' internal format. This has nothing to do with | |
4843 rmail-file-coding-system. That variable controls reading and writing | |
4844 Rmail files themselves. | |
4845 | |
4846 *** The new variable sendmail-coding-system specifies the code | |
4847 conversion for outgoing mail. The default value is nil. | |
4848 | |
4849 Actually, there are three different ways of specifying the coding system | |
4850 for sending mail: | |
4851 | |
4852 - If you use C-x RET f in the mail buffer, that takes priority. | |
4853 - Otherwise, if you set sendmail-coding-system non-nil, that specifies it. | |
4854 - Otherwise, the default coding system for new files is used, | |
4855 if that is non-nil. That comes from your language environment. | |
4856 - Otherwise, Latin-1 is used. | |
4857 | |
4858 *** The command C-h t (help-with-tutorial) accepts a prefix argument | |
4859 to specify the language for the tutorial file. Currently, English, | |
4860 Japanese, Korean and Thai are supported. We welcome additional | |
4861 translations. | |
4862 | |
4863 ** An easy new way to visit a file with no code or format conversion | |
4864 of any kind: Use M-x find-file-literally. There is also a command | |
4865 insert-file-literally which inserts a file into the current buffer | |
4866 without any conversion. | |
4867 | |
4868 ** C-q's handling of octal character codes is changed. | |
4869 You can now specify any number of octal digits. | |
4870 RET terminates the digits and is discarded; | |
4871 any other non-digit terminates the digits and is then used as input. | |
4872 | |
4873 ** There are new commands for looking up Info documentation for | |
4874 functions, variables and file names used in your programs. | |
4875 | |
4876 Type M-x info-lookup-symbol to look up a symbol in the buffer at point. | |
4877 Type M-x info-lookup-file to look up a file in the buffer at point. | |
4878 | |
4879 Precisely which Info files are used to look it up depends on the major | |
4880 mode. For example, in C mode, the GNU libc manual is used. | |
4881 | |
4882 ** M-TAB in most programming language modes now runs the command | |
4883 complete-symbol. This command performs completion on the symbol name | |
4884 in the buffer before point. | |
4885 | |
4886 With a numeric argument, it performs completion based on the set of | |
4887 symbols documented in the Info files for the programming language that | |
4888 you are using. | |
4889 | |
4890 With no argument, it does completion based on the current tags tables, | |
4891 just like the old binding of M-TAB (complete-tag). | |
4892 | |
4893 ** File locking works with NFS now. | |
4894 | |
4895 The lock file for FILENAME is now a symbolic link named .#FILENAME, | |
4896 in the same directory as FILENAME. | |
4897 | |
4898 This means that collision detection between two different machines now | |
4899 works reasonably well; it also means that no file server or directory | |
4900 can become a bottleneck. | |
4901 | |
4902 The new method does have drawbacks. It means that collision detection | |
4903 does not operate when you edit a file in a directory where you cannot | |
4904 create new files. Collision detection also doesn't operate when the | |
4905 file server does not support symbolic links. But these conditions are | |
4906 rare, and the ability to have collision detection while using NFS is | |
4907 so useful that the change is worth while. | |
4908 | |
4909 When Emacs or a system crashes, this may leave behind lock files which | |
4910 are stale. So you may occasionally get warnings about spurious | |
4911 collisions. When you determine that the collision is spurious, just | |
4912 tell Emacs to go ahead anyway. | |
4913 | |
4914 ** If you wish to use Show Paren mode to display matching parentheses, | |
4915 it is no longer sufficient to load paren.el. Instead you must call | |
4916 show-paren-mode. | |
4917 | |
4918 ** If you wish to use Delete Selection mode to replace a highlighted | |
4919 selection when you insert new text, it is no longer sufficient to load | |
4920 delsel.el. Instead you must call the function delete-selection-mode. | |
4921 | |
4922 ** If you wish to use Partial Completion mode to complete partial words | |
4923 within symbols or filenames, it is no longer sufficient to load | |
4924 complete.el. Instead you must call the function partial-completion-mode. | |
4925 | |
4926 ** If you wish to use uniquify to rename buffers for you, | |
4927 it is no longer sufficient to load uniquify.el. You must also | |
4928 set uniquify-buffer-name-style to one of the non-nil legitimate values. | |
4929 | |
4930 ** Changes in View mode. | |
4931 | |
4932 *** Several new commands are available in View mode. | |
4933 Do H in view mode for a list of commands. | |
4934 | |
4935 *** There are two new commands for entering View mode: | |
4936 view-file-other-frame and view-buffer-other-frame. | |
4937 | |
4938 *** Exiting View mode does a better job of restoring windows to their | |
4939 previous state. | |
4940 | |
4941 *** New customization variable view-scroll-auto-exit. If non-nil, | |
4942 scrolling past end of buffer makes view mode exit. | |
4943 | |
4944 *** New customization variable view-exits-all-viewing-windows. If | |
4945 non-nil, view-mode will at exit restore all windows viewing buffer, | |
4946 not just the selected window. | |
4947 | |
4948 *** New customization variable view-read-only. If non-nil, visiting a | |
4949 read-only file automatically enters View mode, and toggle-read-only | |
4950 turns View mode on or off. | |
4951 | |
4952 *** New customization variable view-remove-frame-by-deleting controls | |
4953 how to remove a not needed frame at view mode exit. If non-nil, | |
4954 delete the frame, if nil make an icon of it. | |
4955 | |
4956 ** C-x v l, the command to print a file's version control log, | |
4957 now positions point at the entry for the file's current branch version. | |
4958 | |
4959 ** C-x v =, the command to compare a file with the last checked-in version, | |
4960 has a new feature. If the file is currently not locked, so that it is | |
4961 presumably identical to the last checked-in version, the command now asks | |
4962 which version to compare with. | |
4963 | |
4964 ** When using hideshow.el, incremental search can temporarily show hidden | |
26264 | 4965 blocks if a match is inside the block. |
25853 | 4966 |
4967 The block is hidden again if the search is continued and the next match | |
4968 is outside the block. By customizing the variable | |
4969 isearch-hide-immediately you can choose to hide all the temporarily | |
4970 shown blocks only when exiting from incremental search. | |
4971 | |
4972 By customizing the variable hs-isearch-open you can choose what kind | |
4973 of blocks to temporarily show during isearch: comment blocks, code | |
4974 blocks, all of them or none. | |
4975 | |
4976 ** The new command C-x 4 0 (kill-buffer-and-window) kills the | |
4977 current buffer and deletes the selected window. It asks for | |
4978 confirmation first. | |
4979 | |
4980 ** C-x C-w, which saves the buffer into a specified file name, | |
4981 now changes the major mode according to that file name. | |
4982 However, the mode will not be changed if | |
4983 (1) a local variables list or the `-*-' line specifies a major mode, or | |
4984 (2) the current major mode is a "special" mode, | |
4985 not suitable for ordinary files, or | |
4986 (3) the new file name does not particularly specify any mode. | |
4987 | |
4988 This applies to M-x set-visited-file-name as well. | |
4989 | |
4990 However, if you set change-major-mode-with-file-name to nil, then | |
4991 these commands do not change the major mode. | |
4992 | |
4993 ** M-x occur changes. | |
4994 | |
4995 *** If the argument to M-x occur contains upper case letters, | |
4996 it performs a case-sensitive search. | |
4997 | |
4998 *** In the *Occur* buffer made by M-x occur, | |
4999 if you type g or M-x revert-buffer, this repeats the search | |
5000 using the same regular expression and the same buffer as before. | |
5001 | |
5002 ** In Transient Mark mode, the region in any one buffer is highlighted | |
5003 in just one window at a time. At first, it is highlighted in the | |
5004 window where you set the mark. The buffer's highlighting remains in | |
5005 that window unless you select to another window which shows the same | |
5006 buffer--then the highlighting moves to that window. | |
5007 | |
5008 ** The feature to suggest key bindings when you use M-x now operates | |
5009 after the command finishes. The message suggesting key bindings | |
5010 appears temporarily in the echo area. The previous echo area contents | |
5011 come back after a few seconds, in case they contain useful information. | |
5012 | |
5013 ** Each frame now independently records the order for recently | |
5014 selected buffers, so that the default for C-x b is now based on the | |
5015 buffers recently selected in the selected frame. | |
5016 | |
5017 ** Outline mode changes. | |
5018 | |
5019 *** Outline mode now uses overlays (this is the former noutline.el). | |
5020 | |
5021 *** Incremental searches skip over invisible text in Outline mode. | |
5022 | |
5023 ** When a minibuffer window is active but not the selected window, if | |
5024 you try to use the minibuffer, you used to get a nested minibuffer. | |
5025 Now, this not only gives an error, it also cancels the minibuffer that | |
5026 was already active. | |
5027 | |
5028 The motive for this change is so that beginning users do not | |
5029 unknowingly move away from minibuffers, leaving them active, and then | |
5030 get confused by it. | |
5031 | |
5032 If you want to be able to have recursive minibuffers, you must | |
5033 set enable-recursive-minibuffers to non-nil. | |
5034 | |
5035 ** Changes in dynamic abbrevs. | |
5036 | |
5037 *** Expanding dynamic abbrevs with M-/ is now smarter about case | |
5038 conversion. If the expansion has mixed case not counting the first | |
5039 character, and the abbreviation matches the beginning of the expansion | |
5040 including case, then the expansion is copied verbatim. | |
5041 | |
5042 The expansion is also copied verbatim if the abbreviation itself has | |
5043 mixed case. And using SPC M-/ to copy an additional word always | |
5044 copies it verbatim except when the previous copied word is all caps. | |
5045 | |
5046 *** The values of `dabbrev-case-replace' and `dabbrev-case-fold-search' | |
5047 are no longer Lisp expressions. They have simply three possible | |
5048 values. | |
5049 | |
5050 `dabbrev-case-replace' has these three values: nil (don't preserve | |
5051 case), t (do), or `case-replace' (do like M-x query-replace). | |
5052 `dabbrev-case-fold-search' has these three values: nil (don't ignore | |
5053 case), t (do), or `case-fold-search' (do like search). | |
5054 | |
5055 ** Minibuffer history lists are truncated automatically now to a | |
5056 certain length. The variable history-length specifies how long they | |
5057 can be. The default value is 30. | |
5058 | |
5059 ** Changes in Mail mode. | |
5060 | |
5061 *** The key C-x m no longer runs the `mail' command directly. | |
5062 Instead, it runs the command `compose-mail', which invokes the mail | |
5063 composition mechanism you have selected with the variable | |
5064 `mail-user-agent'. The default choice of user agent is | |
5065 `sendmail-user-agent', which gives behavior compatible with the old | |
5066 behavior. | |
5067 | |
5068 C-x 4 m now runs compose-mail-other-window, and C-x 5 m runs | |
5069 compose-mail-other-frame. | |
5070 | |
5071 *** While composing a reply to a mail message, from Rmail, you can use | |
5072 the command C-c C-r to cite just the region from the message you are | |
5073 replying to. This copies the text which is the selected region in the | |
5074 buffer that shows the original message. | |
5075 | |
5076 *** The command C-c C-i inserts a file at the end of the message, | |
5077 with separator lines around the contents. | |
5078 | |
5079 *** The command M-x expand-mail-aliases expands all mail aliases | |
5080 in suitable mail headers. Emacs automatically extracts mail alias | |
5081 definitions from your mail alias file (e.g., ~/.mailrc). You do not | |
5082 need to expand mail aliases yourself before sending mail. | |
5083 | |
5084 *** New features in the mail-complete command. | |
5085 | |
5086 **** The mail-complete command now inserts the user's full name, | |
5087 for local users or if that is known. The variable mail-complete-style | |
5088 controls the style to use, and whether to do this at all. | |
5089 Its values are like those of mail-from-style. | |
5090 | |
5091 **** The variable mail-passwd-command lets you specify a shell command | |
5092 to run to fetch a set of password-entries that add to the ones in | |
5093 /etc/passwd. | |
5094 | |
5095 **** The variable mail-passwd-file now specifies a list of files to read | |
5096 to get the list of user ids. By default, one file is used: | |
5097 /etc/passwd. | |
5098 | |
5099 ** You can "quote" a file name to inhibit special significance of | |
5100 special syntax, by adding `/:' to the beginning. Thus, if you have a | |
5101 directory named `/foo:', you can prevent it from being treated as a | |
5102 reference to a remote host named `foo' by writing it as `/:/foo:'. | |
5103 | |
5104 Emacs uses this new construct automatically when necessary, such as | |
5105 when you start it with a working directory whose name might otherwise | |
5106 be taken to be magic. | |
5107 | |
5108 ** There is a new command M-x grep-find which uses find to select | |
5109 files to search through, and grep to scan them. The output is | |
5110 available in a Compile mode buffer, as with M-x grep. | |
5111 | |
5112 M-x grep now uses the -e option if the grep program supports that. | |
5113 (-e prevents problems if the search pattern starts with a dash.) | |
5114 | |
5115 ** In Dired, the & command now flags for deletion the files whose names | |
5116 suggest they are probably not needed in the long run. | |
5117 | |
5118 In Dired, * is now a prefix key for mark-related commands. | |
5119 | |
5120 new key dired.el binding old key | |
5121 ------- ---------------- ------- | |
5122 * c dired-change-marks c | |
5123 * m dired-mark m | |
5124 * * dired-mark-executables * (binding deleted) | |
5125 * / dired-mark-directories / (binding deleted) | |
5126 * @ dired-mark-symlinks @ (binding deleted) | |
5127 * u dired-unmark u | |
5128 * DEL dired-unmark-backward DEL | |
5129 * ? dired-unmark-all-files M-C-? | |
5130 * ! dired-unmark-all-marks | |
5131 * % dired-mark-files-regexp % m | |
5132 * C-n dired-next-marked-file M-} | |
5133 * C-p dired-prev-marked-file M-{ | |
5134 | |
5135 ** Rmail changes. | |
5136 | |
5137 *** When Rmail cannot convert your incoming mail into Babyl format, it | |
5138 saves the new mail in the file RMAILOSE.n, where n is an integer | |
5139 chosen to make a unique name. This way, Rmail will not keep crashing | |
5140 each time you run it. | |
5141 | |
5142 *** In Rmail, the variable rmail-summary-line-count-flag now controls | |
5143 whether to include the line count in the summary. Non-nil means yes. | |
5144 | |
5145 *** In Rmail summary buffers, d and C-d (the commands to delete | |
5146 messages) now take repeat counts as arguments. A negative argument | |
5147 means to move in the opposite direction. | |
5148 | |
5149 *** In Rmail, the t command now takes an optional argument which lets | |
5150 you specify whether to show the message headers in full or pruned. | |
5151 | |
5152 *** In Rmail, the new command w (rmail-output-body-to-file) writes | |
5153 just the body of the current message into a file, without the headers. | |
5154 It takes the file name from the message subject, by default, but you | |
5155 can edit that file name in the minibuffer before it is actually used | |
5156 for output. | |
5157 | |
5158 ** Gnus changes. | |
5159 | |
5160 *** nntp.el has been totally rewritten in an asynchronous fashion. | |
5161 | |
26264 | 5162 *** Article prefetching functionality has been moved up into |
5163 Gnus. | |
5164 | |
5165 *** Scoring can now be performed with logical operators like | |
25853 | 5166 `and', `or', `not', and parent redirection. |
5167 | |
5168 *** Article washing status can be displayed in the | |
5169 article mode line. | |
5170 | |
5171 *** gnus.el has been split into many smaller files. | |
5172 | |
5173 *** Suppression of duplicate articles based on Message-ID. | |
5174 | |
5175 (setq gnus-suppress-duplicates t) | |
5176 | |
5177 *** New variables for specifying what score and adapt files | |
5178 are to be considered home score and adapt files. See | |
5179 `gnus-home-score-file' and `gnus-home-adapt-files'. | |
5180 | |
5181 *** Groups can inherit group parameters from parent topics. | |
5182 | |
5183 *** Article editing has been revamped and is now usable. | |
5184 | |
5185 *** Signatures can be recognized in more intelligent fashions. | |
5186 See `gnus-signature-separator' and `gnus-signature-limit'. | |
5187 | |
5188 *** Summary pick mode has been made to look more nn-like. | |
5189 Line numbers are displayed and the `.' command can be | |
5190 used to pick articles. | |
5191 | |
5192 *** Commands for moving the .newsrc.eld from one server to | |
5193 another have been added. | |
5194 | |
5195 `M-x gnus-change-server' | |
5196 | |
5197 *** A way to specify that "uninteresting" fields be suppressed when | |
5198 generating lines in buffers. | |
5199 | |
5200 *** Several commands in the group buffer can be undone with | |
5201 `M-C-_'. | |
5202 | |
5203 *** Scoring can be done on words using the new score type `w'. | |
5204 | |
5205 *** Adaptive scoring can be done on a Subject word-by-word basis: | |
5206 | |
5207 (setq gnus-use-adaptive-scoring '(word)) | |
5208 | |
5209 *** Scores can be decayed. | |
26264 | 5210 |
25853 | 5211 (setq gnus-decay-scores t) |
5212 | |
5213 *** Scoring can be performed using a regexp on the Date header. The | |
5214 Date is normalized to compact ISO 8601 format first. | |
5215 | |
5216 *** A new command has been added to remove all data on articles from | |
5217 the native server. | |
5218 | |
5219 `M-x gnus-group-clear-data-on-native-groups' | |
5220 | |
5221 *** A new command for reading collections of documents | |
5222 (nndoc with nnvirtual on top) has been added -- `M-C-d'. | |
5223 | |
5224 *** Process mark sets can be pushed and popped. | |
5225 | |
5226 *** A new mail-to-news backend makes it possible to post | |
5227 even when the NNTP server doesn't allow posting. | |
5228 | |
5229 *** A new backend for reading searches from Web search engines | |
5230 (DejaNews, Alta Vista, InReference) has been added. | |
5231 | |
5232 Use the `G w' command in the group buffer to create such | |
5233 a group. | |
5234 | |
5235 *** Groups inside topics can now be sorted using the standard | |
5236 sorting functions, and each topic can be sorted independently. | |
5237 | |
5238 See the commands under the `T S' submap. | |
5239 | |
5240 *** Subsets of the groups can be sorted independently. | |
5241 | |
5242 See the commands under the `G P' submap. | |
5243 | |
5244 *** Cached articles can be pulled into the groups. | |
26264 | 5245 |
25853 | 5246 Use the `Y c' command. |
5247 | |
5248 *** Score files are now applied in a more reliable order. | |
5249 | |
5250 *** Reports on where mail messages end up can be generated. | |
5251 | |
5252 `M-x nnmail-split-history' | |
5253 | |
5254 *** More hooks and functions have been added to remove junk | |
5255 from incoming mail before saving the mail. | |
26264 | 5256 |
25853 | 5257 See `nnmail-prepare-incoming-header-hook'. |
5258 | |
5259 *** The nnml mail backend now understands compressed article files. | |
5260 | |
5261 *** To enable Gnus to read/post multi-lingual articles, you must execute | |
5262 the following code, for instance, in your .emacs. | |
5263 | |
5264 (add-hook 'gnus-startup-hook 'gnus-mule-initialize) | |
5265 | |
5266 Then, when you start Gnus, it will decode non-ASCII text automatically | |
5267 and show appropriate characters. (Note: if you are using gnus-mime | |
5268 from the SEMI package, formerly known as TM, you should NOT add this | |
5269 hook to gnus-startup-hook; gnus-mime has its own method of handling | |
5270 this issue.) | |
5271 | |
5272 Since it is impossible to distinguish all coding systems | |
5273 automatically, you may need to specify a choice of coding system for a | |
5274 particular news group. This can be done by: | |
5275 | |
5276 (gnus-mule-add-group NEWSGROUP 'CODING-SYSTEM) | |
5277 | |
5278 Here NEWSGROUP should be a string which names a newsgroup or a tree | |
5279 of newsgroups. If NEWSGROUP is "XXX.YYY", all news groups under | |
5280 "XXX.YYY" (including "XXX.YYY.ZZZ") will use the specified coding | |
5281 system. CODING-SYSTEM specifies which coding system to use (for both | |
5282 for reading and posting). | |
5283 | |
5284 CODING-SYSTEM can also be a cons cell of the form | |
5285 (READ-CODING-SYSTEM . POST-CODING-SYSTEM) | |
5286 Then READ-CODING-SYSTEM is used when you read messages from the | |
5287 newsgroups, while POST-CODING-SYSTEM is used when you post messages | |
5288 there. | |
5289 | |
5290 Emacs knows the right coding systems for certain newsgroups by | |
5291 default. Here are some of these default settings: | |
5292 | |
5293 (gnus-mule-add-group "fj" 'iso-2022-7) | |
5294 (gnus-mule-add-group "alt.chinese.text" 'hz-gb-2312) | |
5295 (gnus-mule-add-group "alt.hk" 'hz-gb-2312) | |
5296 (gnus-mule-add-group "alt.chinese.text.big5" 'cn-big5) | |
5297 (gnus-mule-add-group "soc.culture.vietnamese" '(nil . viqr)) | |
5298 | |
5299 When you reply by mail to an article, these settings are ignored; | |
5300 the mail is encoded according to sendmail-coding-system, as usual. | |
5301 | |
5302 ** CC mode changes. | |
5303 | |
5304 *** If you edit primarily one style of C (or C++, Objective-C, Java) | |
5305 code, you may want to make the CC Mode style variables have global | |
5306 values so that you can set them directly in your .emacs file. To do | |
5307 this, set c-style-variables-are-local-p to nil in your .emacs file. | |
5308 Note that this only takes effect if you do it *before* cc-mode.el is | |
5309 loaded. | |
5310 | |
5311 If you typically edit more than one style of C (or C++, Objective-C, | |
26264 | 5312 Java) code in a single Emacs session, you may want to make the CC Mode |
25853 | 5313 style variables have buffer local values. By default, all buffers |
26264 | 5314 share the same style variable settings; to make them buffer local, set |
5315 c-style-variables-are-local-p to t in your .emacs file. Note that you | |
25853 | 5316 must do this *before* CC Mode is loaded. |
5317 | |
5318 *** The new variable c-indentation-style holds the C style name | |
5319 of the current buffer. | |
5320 | |
5321 *** The variable c-block-comments-indent-p has been deleted, because | |
5322 it is no longer necessary. C mode now handles all the supported styles | |
5323 of block comments, with no need to say which one you will use. | |
5324 | |
5325 *** There is a new indentation style "python", which specifies the C | |
5326 style that the Python developers like. | |
5327 | |
5328 *** There is a new c-cleanup-list option: brace-elseif-brace. | |
5329 This says to put ...} else if (...) {... on one line, | |
5330 just as brace-else-brace says to put ...} else {... on one line. | |
5331 | |
5332 ** VC Changes [new] | |
5333 | |
5334 ** In vc-retrieve-snapshot (C-x v r), if you don't specify a snapshot | |
5335 name, it retrieves the *latest* versions of all files in the current | |
5336 directory and its subdirectories (aside from files already locked). | |
5337 | |
5338 This feature is useful if your RCS directory is a link to a common | |
5339 master directory, and you want to pick up changes made by other | |
5340 developers. | |
5341 | |
5342 You can do the same thing for an individual file by typing C-u C-x C-q | |
5343 RET in a buffer visiting that file. | |
5344 | |
5345 *** VC can now handle files under CVS that are being "watched" by | |
5346 other developers. Such files are made read-only by CVS. To get a | |
5347 writable copy, type C-x C-q in a buffer visiting such a file. VC then | |
5348 calls "cvs edit", which notifies the other developers of it. | |
5349 | |
5350 *** vc-version-diff (C-u C-x v =) now suggests reasonable defaults for | |
5351 version numbers, based on the current state of the file. | |
5352 | |
5353 ** Calendar changes. | |
5354 | |
5355 A new function, list-holidays, allows you list holidays or subclasses | |
5356 of holidays for ranges of years. Related menu items allow you do this | |
5357 for the year of the selected date, or the following/previous years. | |
5358 | |
5359 ** ps-print changes | |
5360 | |
26264 | 5361 There are some new user variables for customizing the page layout. |
25853 | 5362 |
5363 *** Paper size, paper orientation, columns | |
5364 | |
5365 The variable `ps-paper-type' determines the size of paper ps-print | |
5366 formats for; it should contain one of the symbols: | |
5367 `a4' `a3' `letter' `legal' `letter-small' `tabloid' | |
5368 `ledger' `statement' `executive' `a4small' `b4' `b5' | |
5369 It defaults to `letter'. | |
5370 If you need other sizes, see the variable `ps-page-dimensions-database'. | |
5371 | |
5372 The variable `ps-landscape-mode' determines the orientation | |
26264 | 5373 of the printing on the page. nil, the default, means "portrait" mode, |
25853 | 5374 non-nil means "landscape" mode. |
5375 | |
5376 The variable `ps-number-of-columns' must be a positive integer. | |
5377 It determines the number of columns both in landscape and portrait mode. | |
26264 | 5378 It defaults to 1. |
25853 | 5379 |
5380 *** Horizontal layout | |
5381 | |
5382 The horizontal layout is determined by the variables | |
5383 `ps-left-margin', `ps-inter-column', and `ps-right-margin'. | |
5384 All are measured in points. | |
5385 | |
5386 *** Vertical layout | |
5387 | |
5388 The vertical layout is determined by the variables | |
5389 `ps-bottom-margin', `ps-top-margin', and `ps-header-offset'. | |
5390 All are measured in points. | |
5391 | |
5392 *** Headers | |
5393 | |
5394 If the variable `ps-print-header' is nil, no header is printed. Then | |
5395 `ps-header-offset' is not relevant and `ps-top-margin' represents the | |
5396 margin above the text. | |
5397 | |
26264 | 5398 If the variable `ps-print-header-frame' is non-nil, a gaudy |
25853 | 5399 framing box is printed around the header. |
5400 | |
5401 The contents of the header are determined by `ps-header-lines', | |
5402 `ps-show-n-of-n', `ps-left-header' and `ps-right-header'. | |
5403 | |
26264 | 5404 The height of the header is determined by `ps-header-line-pad', |
5405 `ps-header-font-family', `ps-header-title-font-size' and | |
25853 | 5406 `ps-header-font-size'. |
5407 | |
5408 *** Font managing | |
5409 | |
5410 The variable `ps-font-family' determines which font family is to be | |
5411 used for ordinary text. Its value must be a key symbol in the alist | |
5412 `ps-font-info-database'. You can add other font families by adding | |
5413 elements to this alist. | |
5414 | |
26264 | 5415 The variable `ps-font-size' determines the size of the font |
25853 | 5416 for ordinary text. It defaults to 8.5 points. |
5417 | |
5418 ** hideshow changes. | |
5419 | |
5420 *** now supports hiding of blocks of single line comments (like // for | |
26264 | 5421 C++, ; for lisp). |
25853 | 5422 |
5423 *** Support for java-mode added. | |
5424 | |
5425 *** When doing `hs-hide-all' it is now possible to also hide the comments | |
5426 in the file if `hs-hide-comments-when-hiding-all' is set. | |
5427 | |
5428 *** The new function `hs-hide-initial-comment' hides the the comments at | |
5429 the beginning of the files. Finally those huge RCS logs don't stay in your | |
5430 way! This is run by default when entering the `hs-minor-mode'. | |
5431 | |
5432 *** Now uses overlays instead of `selective-display', so is more | |
5433 robust and a lot faster. | |
5434 | |
26264 | 5435 *** A block beginning can span multiple lines. |
25853 | 5436 |
5437 *** The new variable `hs-show-hidden-short-form' if t, directs hideshow | |
5438 to show only the beginning of a block when it is hidden. See the | |
5439 documentation for more details. | |
5440 | |
5441 ** Changes in Enriched mode. | |
5442 | |
5443 *** When you visit a file in enriched-mode, Emacs will make sure it is | |
5444 filled to the current fill-column. This behavior is now independent | |
5445 of the size of the window. When you save the file, the fill-column in | |
5446 use is stored as well, so that the whole buffer need not be refilled | |
5447 the next time unless the fill-column is different. | |
5448 | |
5449 *** use-hard-newlines is now a minor mode. When it is enabled, Emacs | |
5450 distinguishes between hard and soft newlines, and treats hard newlines | |
5451 as paragraph boundaries. Otherwise all newlines inserted are marked | |
5452 as soft, and paragraph boundaries are determined solely from the text. | |
5453 | |
5454 ** Font Lock mode | |
5455 | |
5456 *** Custom support | |
5457 | |
5458 The variables font-lock-face-attributes, font-lock-display-type and | |
5459 font-lock-background-mode are now obsolete; the recommended way to specify the | |
5460 faces to use for Font Lock mode is with M-x customize-group on the new custom | |
5461 group font-lock-highlighting-faces. If you set font-lock-face-attributes in | |
5462 your ~/.emacs file, Font Lock mode will respect its value. However, you should | |
5463 consider converting from setting that variable to using M-x customize. | |
5464 | |
5465 You can still use X resources to specify Font Lock face appearances. | |
5466 | |
5467 *** Maximum decoration | |
5468 | |
5469 Fontification now uses the maximum level of decoration supported by | |
5470 default. Previously, fontification used a mode-specific default level | |
5471 of decoration, which is typically the minimum level of decoration | |
5472 supported. You can set font-lock-maximum-decoration to nil | |
5473 to get the old behavior. | |
5474 | |
5475 *** New support | |
5476 | |
5477 Support is now provided for Java, Objective-C, AWK and SIMULA modes. | |
5478 | |
5479 Note that Font Lock mode can be turned on without knowing exactly what modes | |
5480 support Font Lock mode, via the command global-font-lock-mode. | |
5481 | |
5482 *** Configurable support | |
5483 | |
5484 Support for C, C++, Objective-C and Java can be more easily configured for | |
5485 additional types and classes via the new variables c-font-lock-extra-types, | |
5486 c++-font-lock-extra-types, objc-font-lock-extra-types and, you guessed it, | |
5487 java-font-lock-extra-types. These value of each of these variables should be a | |
5488 list of regexps matching the extra type names. For example, the default value | |
5489 of c-font-lock-extra-types is ("\\sw+_t") which means fontification follows the | |
5490 convention that C type names end in _t. This results in slower fontification. | |
5491 | |
5492 Of course, you can change the variables that specify fontification in whatever | |
5493 way you wish, typically by adding regexps. However, these new variables make | |
5494 it easier to make specific and common changes for the fontification of types. | |
5495 | |
5496 *** Adding highlighting patterns to existing support | |
5497 | |
5498 You can use the new function font-lock-add-keywords to add your own | |
5499 highlighting patterns, such as for project-local or user-specific constructs, | |
5500 for any mode. | |
5501 | |
5502 For example, to highlight `FIXME:' words in C comments, put: | |
5503 | |
5504 (font-lock-add-keywords 'c-mode '(("\\<FIXME:" 0 font-lock-warning-face t))) | |
5505 | |
5506 in your ~/.emacs. | |
5507 | |
5508 *** New faces | |
5509 | |
5510 Font Lock now defines two new faces, font-lock-builtin-face and | |
5511 font-lock-warning-face. These are intended to highlight builtin keywords, | |
5512 distinct from a language's normal keywords, and objects that should be brought | |
5513 to user attention, respectively. Various modes now use these new faces. | |
5514 | |
5515 *** Changes to fast-lock support mode | |
5516 | |
5517 The fast-lock package, one of the two Font Lock support modes, can now process | |
5518 cache files silently. You can use the new variable fast-lock-verbose, in the | |
5519 same way as font-lock-verbose, to control this feature. | |
5520 | |
5521 *** Changes to lazy-lock support mode | |
5522 | |
5523 The lazy-lock package, one of the two Font Lock support modes, can now fontify | |
5524 according to the true syntactic context relative to other lines. You can use | |
5525 the new variable lazy-lock-defer-contextually to control this feature. If | |
5526 non-nil, changes to the buffer will cause subsequent lines in the buffer to be | |
5527 refontified after lazy-lock-defer-time seconds of idle time. If nil, then only | |
5528 the modified lines will be refontified; this is the same as the previous Lazy | |
5529 Lock mode behaviour and the behaviour of Font Lock mode. | |
5530 | |
5531 This feature is useful in modes where strings or comments can span lines. | |
5532 For example, if a string or comment terminating character is deleted, then if | |
5533 this feature is enabled subsequent lines in the buffer will be correctly | |
5534 refontified to reflect their new syntactic context. Previously, only the line | |
5535 containing the deleted character would be refontified and you would have to use | |
5536 the command M-g M-g (font-lock-fontify-block) to refontify some lines. | |
5537 | |
5538 As a consequence of this new feature, two other variables have changed: | |
5539 | |
5540 Variable `lazy-lock-defer-driven' is renamed `lazy-lock-defer-on-scrolling'. | |
5541 Variable `lazy-lock-defer-time' can now only be a time, i.e., a number. | |
5542 Buffer modes for which on-the-fly deferral applies can be specified via the | |
5543 new variable `lazy-lock-defer-on-the-fly'. | |
5544 | |
5545 If you set these variables in your ~/.emacs, then you may have to change those | |
5546 settings. | |
5547 | |
5548 ** Ada mode changes. | |
5549 | |
5550 *** There is now better support for using find-file.el with Ada mode. | |
5551 If you switch between spec and body, the cursor stays in the same | |
5552 procedure (modulo overloading). If a spec has no body file yet, but | |
5553 you try to switch to its body file, Ada mode now generates procedure | |
5554 stubs. | |
5555 | |
5556 *** There are two new commands: | |
5557 - `ada-make-local' : invokes gnatmake on the current buffer | |
5558 - `ada-check-syntax' : check syntax of current buffer. | |
5559 | |
5560 The user options `ada-compiler-make', `ada-make-options', | |
5561 `ada-language-version', `ada-compiler-syntax-check', and | |
26264 | 5562 `ada-compile-options' are used within these commands. |
25853 | 5563 |
5564 *** Ada mode can now work with Outline minor mode. The outline level | |
5565 is calculated from the indenting, not from syntactic constructs. | |
5566 Outlining does not work if your code is not correctly indented. | |
5567 | |
5568 *** The new function `ada-gnat-style' converts the buffer to the style of | |
5569 formatting used in GNAT. It places two blanks after a comment start, | |
5570 places one blank between a word end and an opening '(', and puts one | |
5571 space between a comma and the beginning of a word. | |
5572 | |
5573 ** Scheme mode changes. | |
5574 | |
5575 *** Scheme mode indentation now uses many of the facilities of Lisp | |
5576 mode; therefore, the variables to customize it are the variables used | |
5577 for Lisp mode which have names starting with `lisp-'. The variables | |
5578 with names starting with `scheme-' which used to do this no longer | |
5579 have any effect. | |
5580 | |
5581 If you want to use different indentation for Scheme and Lisp, this is | |
5582 still possible, but now you must do it by adding a hook to | |
5583 scheme-mode-hook, which could work by setting the `lisp-' indentation | |
5584 variables as buffer-local variables. | |
5585 | |
5586 *** DSSSL mode is a variant of Scheme mode, for editing DSSSL scripts. | |
5587 Use M-x dsssl-mode. | |
5588 | |
27307
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changeset
|
5589 ** Changes to the emacsclient program |
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changeset
|
5590 |
27475 | 5591 *** If a socket can't be found, and environment variables LOGNAME or |
5592 USER are set, emacsclient now looks for a socket based on the UID | |
5593 associated with the name. That is an emacsclient running as root | |
5594 can connect to an Emacs server started by a non-root user. | |
5595 | |
27307
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|
5596 *** The emacsclient program now accepts an option --no-wait which tells |
25853 | 5597 it to return immediately without waiting for you to "finish" the |
5598 buffer in Emacs. | |
5599 | |
27307
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diff
changeset
|
5600 *** The new option --alternate-editor allows to specify an editor to |
1d69cbf8a91e
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
27276
diff
changeset
|
5601 use if Emacs is not running. The environment variable |
1d69cbf8a91e
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changeset
|
5602 ALTERNATE_EDITOR can be used for the same effect; the command line |
1d69cbf8a91e
emacsclient, --alternate-editor
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
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|
5603 option takes precedence. |
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|
5604 |
25853 | 5605 ** M-x eldoc-mode enables a minor mode in which the echo area |
5606 constantly shows the parameter list for function being called at point | |
5607 (in Emacs Lisp and Lisp Interaction modes only). | |
5608 | |
5609 ** C-x n d now runs the new command narrow-to-defun, | |
5610 which narrows the accessible parts of the buffer to just | |
5611 the current defun. | |
5612 | |
5613 ** Emacs now handles the `--' argument in the standard way; all | |
5614 following arguments are treated as ordinary file names. | |
5615 | |
5616 ** On MSDOS and Windows, the bookmark file is now called _emacs.bmk, | |
5617 and the saved desktop file is now called _emacs.desktop (truncated if | |
5618 necessary). | |
5619 | |
5620 ** When you kill a buffer that visits a file, | |
5621 if there are any registers that save positions in the file, | |
5622 these register values no longer become completely useless. | |
5623 If you try to go to such a register with C-x j, then you are | |
5624 asked whether to visit the file again. If you say yes, | |
5625 it visits the file and then goes to the same position. | |
5626 | |
5627 ** When you visit a file that changes frequently outside Emacs--for | |
5628 example, a log of output from a process that continues to run--it may | |
5629 be useful for Emacs to revert the file without querying you whenever | |
5630 you visit the file afresh with C-x C-f. | |
5631 | |
5632 You can request this behavior for certain files by setting the | |
5633 variable revert-without-query to a list of regular expressions. If a | |
5634 file's name matches any of these regular expressions, find-file and | |
5635 revert-buffer revert the buffer without asking for permission--but | |
5636 only if you have not edited the buffer text yourself. | |
5637 | |
5638 ** set-default-font has been renamed to set-frame-font | |
5639 since it applies only to the current frame. | |
5640 | |
5641 ** In TeX mode, you can use the variable tex-main-file to specify the | |
5642 file for tex-file to run TeX on. (By default, tex-main-file is nil, | |
5643 and tex-file runs TeX on the current visited file.) | |
5644 | |
5645 This is useful when you are editing a document that consists of | |
5646 multiple files. In each of the included files, you can set up a local | |
5647 variable list which specifies the top-level file of your document for | |
5648 tex-main-file. Then tex-file will run TeX on the whole document | |
5649 instead of just the file you are editing. | |
5650 | |
5651 ** RefTeX mode | |
5652 | |
5653 RefTeX mode is a new minor mode with special support for \label, \ref | |
5654 and \cite macros in LaTeX documents. RefTeX distinguishes labels of | |
5655 different environments (equation, figure, ...) and has full support for | |
5656 multifile documents. To use it, select a buffer with a LaTeX document and | |
5657 turn the mode on with M-x reftex-mode. Here are the main user commands: | |
5658 | |
26264 | 5659 C-c ( reftex-label |
25853 | 5660 Creates a label semi-automatically. RefTeX is context sensitive and |
5661 knows which kind of label is needed. | |
5662 | |
5663 C-c ) reftex-reference | |
5664 Offers in a menu all labels in the document, along with context of the | |
5665 label definition. The selected label is referenced as \ref{LABEL}. | |
5666 | |
5667 C-c [ reftex-citation | |
5668 Prompts for a regular expression and displays a list of matching BibTeX | |
5669 database entries. The selected entry is cited with a \cite{KEY} macro. | |
5670 | |
5671 C-c & reftex-view-crossref | |
5672 Views the cross reference of a \ref or \cite command near point. | |
5673 | |
5674 C-c = reftex-toc | |
5675 Shows a table of contents of the (multifile) document. From there you | |
5676 can quickly jump to every section. | |
26264 | 5677 |
25853 | 5678 Under X, RefTeX installs a "Ref" menu in the menu bar, with additional |
5679 commands. Press `?' to get help when a prompt mentions this feature. | |
5680 Full documentation and customization examples are in the file | |
5681 reftex.el. You can use the finder to view the file documentation: | |
5682 C-h p --> tex --> reftex.el | |
5683 | |
5684 ** Changes in BibTeX mode. | |
5685 | |
5686 *** Info documentation is now available. | |
5687 | |
5688 *** Don't allow parentheses in string constants anymore. This confused | |
5689 both the BibTeX program and Emacs BibTeX mode. | |
5690 | |
5691 *** Renamed variable bibtex-mode-user-optional-fields to | |
5692 bibtex-user-optional-fields. | |
5693 | |
5694 *** Removed variable bibtex-include-OPTannote | |
5695 (use bibtex-user-optional-fields instead). | |
5696 | |
5697 *** New interactive functions to copy and kill fields and complete | |
5698 entries to the BibTeX kill ring, from where they can be yanked back by | |
5699 appropriate functions. | |
5700 | |
5701 *** New interactive functions for repositioning and marking of | |
5702 entries. They are bound by default to M-C-l and M-C-h. | |
5703 | |
5704 *** New hook bibtex-clean-entry-hook. It is called after entry has | |
5705 been cleaned. | |
5706 | |
5707 *** New variable bibtex-field-delimiters, which replaces variables | |
5708 bibtex-field-{left|right}-delimiter. | |
5709 | |
5710 *** New variable bibtex-entry-delimiters to determine how entries | |
5711 shall be delimited. | |
5712 | |
5713 *** Allow preinitialization of fields. See documentation of | |
5714 bibtex-user-optional-fields, bibtex-entry-field-alist, and | |
5715 bibtex-include-OPTkey for details. | |
5716 | |
5717 *** Book and InBook entries require either an author or an editor | |
5718 field. This is now supported by bibtex.el. Alternative fields are | |
5719 prefixed with `ALT'. | |
5720 | |
5721 *** New variable bibtex-entry-format, which replaces variable | |
5722 bibtex-clean-entry-zap-empty-opts and allows specification of many | |
5723 formatting options performed on cleaning an entry (see variable | |
5724 documentation). | |
5725 | |
5726 *** Even more control on how automatic keys are generated. See | |
5727 documentation of bibtex-generate-autokey for details. Transcriptions | |
5728 for foreign languages other than German are now handled, too. | |
5729 | |
5730 *** New boolean user option bibtex-comma-after-last-field to decide if | |
5731 comma should be inserted at end of last field. | |
5732 | |
5733 *** New boolean user option bibtex-align-at-equal-sign to determine if | |
5734 alignment should be made at left side of field contents or at equal | |
5735 signs. New user options to control entry layout (e.g. indentation). | |
5736 | |
5737 *** New function bibtex-fill-entry to realign entries. | |
5738 | |
5739 *** New function bibtex-reformat to reformat region or buffer. | |
5740 | |
5741 *** New function bibtex-convert-alien to convert a BibTeX database | |
5742 from alien sources. | |
5743 | |
5744 *** New function bibtex-complete-key (similar to bibtex-complete-string) | |
5745 to complete prefix to a key defined in buffer. Mainly useful in | |
5746 crossref entries. | |
5747 | |
5748 *** New function bibtex-count-entries to count entries in buffer or | |
5749 region. | |
5750 | |
5751 *** Added support for imenu. | |
5752 | |
5753 *** The function `bibtex-validate' now checks current region instead | |
5754 of buffer if mark is active. Now it shows all errors of buffer in a | |
5755 `compilation mode' buffer. You can use the normal commands (e.g. | |
5756 `next-error') for compilation modes to jump to errors. | |
5757 | |
5758 *** New variable `bibtex-string-file-path' to determine where the files | |
5759 from `bibtex-string-files' are searched. | |
5760 | |
5761 ** Iso Accents mode now supports Latin-3 as an alternative. | |
5762 | |
27136 | 5763 ** The command next-error now opens blocks hidden by hideshow. |
27112 | 5764 |
25853 | 5765 ** The function using-unix-filesystems has been replaced by the |
5766 functions add-untranslated-filesystem and remove-untranslated-filesystem. | |
5767 Each of these functions takes the name of a drive letter or directory | |
5768 as an argument. | |
5769 | |
5770 When a filesystem is added as untranslated, all files on it are read | |
5771 and written in binary mode (no cr/lf translation is performed). | |
5772 | |
5773 ** browse-url changes | |
5774 | |
5775 *** New methods for: Grail (browse-url-generic), MMM (browse-url-mmm), | |
5776 Lynx in a separate xterm (browse-url-lynx-xterm) or in an Emacs window | |
5777 (browse-url-lynx-emacs), remote W3 (browse-url-w3-gnudoit), generic | |
5778 non-remote-controlled browsers (browse-url-generic) and associated | |
5779 customization variables. | |
5780 | |
5781 *** New commands `browse-url-of-region' and `browse-url'. | |
5782 | |
5783 *** URLs marked up with <URL:...> (RFC1738) work if broken across | |
5784 lines. Browsing methods can be associated with URL regexps | |
5785 (e.g. mailto: URLs) via `browse-url-browser-function'. | |
5786 | |
5787 ** Changes in Ediff | |
5788 | |
5789 *** Clicking Mouse-2 on a brief command description in Ediff control panel | |
5790 pops up the Info file for this command. | |
5791 | |
5792 *** There is now a variable, ediff-autostore-merges, which controls whether | |
5793 the result of a merge is saved in a file. By default, this is done only when | |
5794 merge is done from a session group (eg, when merging files in two different | |
5795 directories). | |
5796 | |
5797 *** Since Emacs 19.31 (this hasn't been announced before), Ediff can compare | |
5798 and merge groups of files residing in different directories, or revisions of | |
5799 files in the same directory. | |
5800 | |
5801 *** Since Emacs 19.31, Ediff can apply multi-file patches interactively. | |
5802 The patches must be in the context format or GNU unified format. (The bug | |
5803 related to the GNU format has now been fixed.) | |
5804 | |
5805 ** Changes in Viper | |
5806 | |
5807 *** The startup file is now .viper instead of .vip | |
26264 | 5808 *** All variable/function names have been changed to start with viper- |
25853 | 5809 instead of vip-. |
5810 *** C-\ now simulates the meta-key in all Viper states. | |
26264 | 5811 *** C-z in Insert state now escapes to Vi for the duration of the next |
25853 | 5812 Viper command. In Vi and Insert states, C-z behaves as before. |
5813 *** C-c \ escapes to Vi for one command if Viper is in Insert or Emacs states. | |
5814 *** _ is no longer the meta-key in Vi state. | |
5815 *** The variable viper-insert-state-cursor-color can be used to change cursor | |
5816 color when Viper is in insert state. | |
5817 *** If search lands the cursor near the top or the bottom of the window, | |
5818 Viper pulls the window up or down to expose more context. The variable | |
5819 viper-adjust-window-after-search controls this behavior. | |
5820 | |
5821 ** Etags changes. | |
5822 | |
5823 *** In C, C++, Objective C and Java, Etags tags global variables by | |
5824 default. The resulting tags files are inflated by 30% on average. | |
5825 Use --no-globals to turn this feature off. Etags can also tag | |
5826 variables which are members of structure-like constructs, but it does | |
5827 not by default. Use --members to turn this feature on. | |
5828 | |
5829 *** C++ member functions are now recognized as tags. | |
5830 | |
5831 *** Java is tagged like C++. In addition, "extends" and "implements" | |
5832 constructs are tagged. Files are recognised by the extension .java. | |
5833 | |
5834 *** Etags can now handle programs written in Postscript. Files are | |
5835 recognised by the extensions .ps and .pdb (Postscript with C syntax). | |
5836 In Postscript, tags are lines that start with a slash. | |
5837 | |
5838 *** Etags now handles Objective C and Objective C++ code. The usual C and | |
5839 C++ tags are recognized in these languages; in addition, etags | |
5840 recognizes special Objective C syntax for classes, class categories, | |
5841 methods and protocols. | |
5842 | |
5843 *** Etags also handles Cobol. Files are recognised by the extension | |
5844 .cobol. The tagged lines are those containing a word that begins in | |
5845 column 8 and ends in a full stop, i.e. anything that could be a | |
5846 paragraph name. | |
5847 | |
5848 *** Regexps in Etags now support intervals, as in ed or grep. The syntax of | |
5849 an interval is \{M,N\}, and it means to match the preceding expression | |
5850 at least M times and as many as N times. | |
5851 | |
5852 ** The format for specifying a custom format for time-stamp to insert | |
5853 in files has changed slightly. | |
5854 | |
5855 With the new enhancements to the functionality of format-time-string, | |
5856 time-stamp-format will change to be eventually compatible with it. | |
5857 This conversion is being done in two steps to maintain compatibility | |
5858 with old time-stamp-format values. | |
5859 | |
5860 In the new scheme, alternate case is signified by the number-sign | |
5861 (`#') modifier, rather than changing the case of the format character. | |
5862 This feature is as yet incompletely implemented for compatibility | |
5863 reasons. | |
5864 | |
5865 In the old time-stamp-format, all numeric fields defaulted to their | |
5866 natural width. (With format-time-string, each format has a | |
5867 fixed-width default.) In this version, you can specify the colon | |
5868 (`:') modifier to a numeric conversion to mean "give me the historical | |
5869 time-stamp-format width default." Do not use colon if you are | |
5870 specifying an explicit width, as in "%02d". | |
5871 | |
5872 Numbers are no longer truncated to the requested width, except in the | |
5873 case of "%02y", which continues to give a two-digit year. Digit | |
5874 truncation probably wasn't being used for anything else anyway. | |
5875 | |
5876 The new formats will work with old versions of Emacs. New formats are | |
5877 being recommended now to allow time-stamp-format to change in the | |
5878 future to be compatible with format-time-string. The new forms being | |
5879 recommended now will continue to work then. | |
5880 | |
5881 See the documentation string for the variable time-stamp-format for | |
5882 details. | |
5883 | |
5884 ** There are some additional major modes: | |
5885 | |
5886 dcl-mode, for editing VMS DCL files. | |
5887 m4-mode, for editing files of m4 input. | |
5888 meta-mode, for editing MetaFont and MetaPost source files. | |
5889 | |
5890 ** In Shell mode, the command shell-copy-environment-variable lets you | |
5891 copy the value of a specified environment variable from the subshell | |
5892 into Emacs. | |
5893 | |
5894 ** New Lisp packages include: | |
5895 | |
5896 *** battery.el displays battery status for laptops. | |
5897 | |
5898 *** M-x bruce (named after Lenny Bruce) is a program that might | |
5899 be used for adding some indecent words to your email. | |
5900 | |
5901 *** M-x crisp-mode enables an emulation for the CRiSP editor. | |
5902 | |
5903 *** M-x dirtrack arranges for better tracking of directory changes | |
5904 in shell buffers. | |
5905 | |
5906 *** The new library elint.el provides for linting of Emacs Lisp code. | |
5907 See the documentation for `elint-initialize', `elint-current-buffer' | |
5908 and `elint-defun'. | |
5909 | |
5910 *** M-x expand-add-abbrevs defines a special kind of abbrev which is | |
5911 meant for programming constructs. These abbrevs expand like ordinary | |
5912 ones, when you type SPC, but only at the end of a line and not within | |
5913 strings or comments. | |
5914 | |
5915 These abbrevs can act as templates: you can define places within an | |
5916 abbrev for insertion of additional text. Once you expand the abbrev, | |
5917 you can then use C-x a p and C-x a n to move back and forth to these | |
5918 insertion points. Thus you can conveniently insert additional text | |
5919 at these points. | |
5920 | |
5921 *** filecache.el remembers the location of files so that you | |
5922 can visit them by short forms of their names. | |
5923 | |
5924 *** find-func.el lets you find the definition of the user-loaded | |
5925 Emacs Lisp function at point. | |
5926 | |
5927 *** M-x handwrite converts text to a "handwritten" picture. | |
5928 | |
5929 *** M-x iswitchb-buffer is a command for switching to a buffer, much like | |
5930 switch-buffer, but it reads the argument in a more helpful way. | |
5931 | |
5932 *** M-x landmark implements a neural network for landmark learning. | |
5933 | |
5934 *** M-x locate provides a convenient interface to the `locate' program. | |
5935 | |
5936 *** M4 mode is a new mode for editing files of m4 input. | |
5937 | |
5938 *** mantemp.el creates C++ manual template instantiations | |
5939 from the GCC error messages which indicate which instantiations are needed. | |
5940 | |
5941 *** mouse-copy.el provides a one-click copy and move feature. | |
5942 You can drag a region with M-mouse-1, and it is automatically | |
5943 inserted at point. M-Shift-mouse-1 deletes the text from its | |
5944 original place after inserting the copy. | |
5945 | |
5946 *** mouse-drag.el lets you do scrolling by dragging Mouse-2 | |
5947 on the buffer. | |
5948 | |
5949 You click the mouse and move; that distance either translates into the | |
5950 velocity to scroll (with mouse-drag-throw) or the distance to scroll | |
5951 (with mouse-drag-drag). Horizontal scrolling is enabled when needed. | |
5952 | |
5953 Enable mouse-drag with: | |
5954 (global-set-key [down-mouse-2] 'mouse-drag-throw) | |
5955 -or- | |
5956 (global-set-key [down-mouse-2] 'mouse-drag-drag) | |
5957 | |
5958 *** mspools.el is useful for determining which mail folders have | |
5959 mail waiting to be read in them. It works with procmail. | |
5960 | |
5961 *** Octave mode is a major mode for editing files of input for Octave. | |
5962 It comes with a facility for communicating with an Octave subprocess. | |
5963 | |
5964 *** ogonek | |
5965 | |
5966 The ogonek package provides functions for changing the coding of | |
5967 Polish diacritic characters in buffers. Codings known from various | |
5968 platforms are supported such as ISO8859-2, Mazovia, IBM Latin2, and | |
5969 TeX. For example, you can change the coding from Mazovia to | |
5970 ISO8859-2. Another example is a change of coding from ISO8859-2 to | |
5971 prefix notation (in which `/a' stands for the aogonek character, for | |
5972 instance) and vice versa. | |
5973 | |
5974 To use this package load it using | |
5975 M-x load-library [enter] ogonek | |
5976 Then, you may get an explanation by calling one of | |
26264 | 5977 M-x ogonek-jak -- in Polish |
25853 | 5978 M-x ogonek-how -- in English |
5979 The info specifies the commands and variables provided as well as the | |
5980 ways of customization in `.emacs'. | |
5981 | |
5982 *** Interface to ph. | |
5983 | |
5984 Emacs provides a client interface to CCSO Nameservers (ph/qi) | |
5985 | |
5986 The CCSO nameserver is used in many universities to provide directory | |
5987 services about people. ph.el provides a convenient Emacs interface to | |
5988 these servers. | |
5989 | |
5990 *** uce.el is useful for replying to unsolicited commercial email. | |
5991 | |
5992 *** vcursor.el implements a "virtual cursor" feature. | |
5993 You can move the virtual cursor with special commands | |
5994 while the real cursor does not move. | |
5995 | |
5996 *** webjump.el is a "hot list" package which you can set up | |
5997 for visiting your favorite web sites. | |
5998 | |
5999 *** M-x winner-mode is a minor mode which saves window configurations, | |
6000 so you can move back to other configurations that you have recently used. | |
6001 | |
6002 ** movemail change | |
6003 | |
6004 Movemail no longer needs to be installed setuid root in order for POP | |
6005 mail retrieval to function properly. This is because it no longer | |
6006 supports the RPOP (reserved-port POP) protocol; instead, it uses the | |
6007 user's POP password to authenticate to the mail server. | |
6008 | |
6009 This change was made earlier, but not reported in NEWS before. | |
6010 | |
6011 * Emacs 20.1 changes for MS-DOS and MS-Windows. | |
6012 | |
6013 ** Changes in handling MS-DOS/MS-Windows text files. | |
6014 | |
6015 Emacs handles three different conventions for representing | |
6016 end-of-line: CRLF for MSDOS, LF for Unix and GNU, and CR (used on the | |
6017 Macintosh). Emacs determines which convention is used in a specific | |
6018 file based on the contents of that file (except for certain special | |
6019 file names), and when it saves the file, it uses the same convention. | |
6020 | |
6021 To save the file and change the end-of-line convention, you can use | |
6022 C-x RET f (set-buffer-file-coding-system) to specify a different | |
6023 coding system for the buffer. Then, when you save the file, the newly | |
6024 specified coding system will take effect. For example, to save with | |
6025 LF, specify undecided-unix (or some other ...-unix coding system); to | |
6026 save with CRLF, specify undecided-dos. | |
6027 | |
6028 * Lisp Changes in Emacs 20.1 | |
6029 | |
6030 ** Byte-compiled files made with Emacs 20 will, in general, work in | |
6031 Emacs 19 as well, as long as the source code runs in Emacs 19. And | |
6032 vice versa: byte-compiled files made with Emacs 19 should also run in | |
6033 Emacs 20, as long as the program itself works in Emacs 20. | |
6034 | |
6035 ** Windows-specific functions and variables have been renamed | |
6036 to start with w32- instead of win32-. | |
6037 | |
6038 In hacker language, calling something a "win" is a form of praise. We | |
6039 don't want to praise a non-free Microsoft system, so we don't call it | |
6040 "win". | |
6041 | |
6042 ** Basic Lisp changes | |
6043 | |
6044 *** A symbol whose name starts with a colon now automatically | |
6045 evaluates to itself. Therefore such a symbol can be used as a constant. | |
6046 | |
6047 *** The defined purpose of `defconst' has been changed. It should now | |
6048 be used only for values that should not be changed whether by a program | |
6049 or by the user. | |
6050 | |
6051 The actual behavior of defconst has not been changed. | |
6052 | |
6053 *** There are new macros `when' and `unless' | |
6054 | |
6055 (when CONDITION BODY...) is short for (if CONDITION (progn BODY...)) | |
6056 (unless CONDITION BODY...) is short for (if CONDITION nil BODY...) | |
6057 | |
6058 *** Emacs now defines functions caar, cadr, cdar and cddr with their | |
6059 usual Lisp meanings. For example, caar returns the car of the car of | |
6060 its argument. | |
6061 | |
6062 *** equal, when comparing strings, now ignores their text properties. | |
6063 | |
6064 *** The new function `functionp' tests whether an object is a function. | |
6065 | |
6066 *** arrayp now returns t for char-tables and bool-vectors. | |
6067 | |
6068 *** Certain primitives which use characters (as integers) now get an | |
6069 error if the integer is not a valid character code. These primitives | |
6070 include insert-char, char-to-string, and the %c construct in the | |
6071 `format' function. | |
6072 | |
6073 *** The `require' function now insists on adding a suffix, either .el | |
6074 or .elc, to the file name. Thus, (require 'foo) will not use a file | |
6075 whose name is just foo. It insists on foo.el or foo.elc. | |
6076 | |
6077 *** The `autoload' function, when the file name does not contain | |
6078 either a directory name or the suffix .el or .elc, insists on | |
6079 adding one of these suffixes. | |
6080 | |
6081 *** string-to-number now takes an optional second argument BASE | |
6082 which specifies the base to use when converting an integer. | |
26264 | 6083 If BASE is omitted, base 10 is used. |
25853 | 6084 |
6085 We have not implemented other radices for floating point numbers, | |
6086 because that would be much more work and does not seem useful. | |
6087 | |
6088 *** substring now handles vectors as well as strings. | |
6089 | |
6090 *** The Common Lisp function eql is no longer defined normally. | |
6091 You must load the `cl' library to define it. | |
6092 | |
6093 *** The new macro `with-current-buffer' lets you evaluate an expression | |
6094 conveniently with a different current buffer. It looks like this: | |
6095 | |
6096 (with-current-buffer BUFFER BODY-FORMS...) | |
6097 | |
6098 BUFFER is the expression that says which buffer to use. | |
6099 BODY-FORMS say what to do in that buffer. | |
6100 | |
6101 *** The new primitive `save-current-buffer' saves and restores the | |
6102 choice of current buffer, like `save-excursion', but without saving or | |
6103 restoring the value of point or the mark. `with-current-buffer' | |
6104 works using `save-current-buffer'. | |
6105 | |
6106 *** The new macro `with-temp-file' lets you do some work in a new buffer and | |
6107 write the output to a specified file. Like `progn', it returns the value | |
6108 of the last form. | |
6109 | |
6110 *** The new macro `with-temp-buffer' lets you do some work in a new buffer, | |
6111 which is discarded after use. Like `progn', it returns the value of the | |
6112 last form. If you wish to return the buffer contents, use (buffer-string) | |
6113 as the last form. | |
6114 | |
6115 *** The new function split-string takes a string, splits it at certain | |
6116 characters, and returns a list of the substrings in between the | |
6117 matches. | |
6118 | |
6119 For example, (split-string "foo bar lose" " +") returns ("foo" "bar" "lose"). | |
6120 | |
6121 *** The new macro with-output-to-string executes some Lisp expressions | |
6122 with standard-output set up so that all output feeds into a string. | |
6123 Then it returns that string. | |
6124 | |
6125 For example, if the current buffer name is `foo', | |
6126 | |
6127 (with-output-to-string | |
6128 (princ "The buffer is ") | |
6129 (princ (buffer-name))) | |
6130 | |
6131 returns "The buffer is foo". | |
6132 | |
6133 ** Non-ASCII characters are now supported, if enable-multibyte-characters | |
6134 is non-nil. | |
6135 | |
6136 These characters have character codes above 256. When inserted in the | |
6137 buffer or stored in a string, they are represented as multibyte | |
6138 characters that occupy several buffer positions each. | |
6139 | |
6140 *** When enable-multibyte-characters is non-nil, a single character in | |
6141 a buffer or string can be two or more bytes (as many as four). | |
6142 | |
6143 Buffers and strings are still made up of unibyte elements; | |
6144 character positions and string indices are always measured in bytes. | |
6145 Therefore, moving forward one character can increase the buffer | |
6146 position by 2, 3 or 4. The function forward-char moves by whole | |
6147 characters, and therefore is no longer equivalent to | |
6148 (lambda (n) (goto-char (+ (point) n))). | |
6149 | |
6150 ASCII characters (codes 0 through 127) are still single bytes, always. | |
6151 Sequences of byte values 128 through 255 are used to represent | |
6152 non-ASCII characters. These sequences are called "multibyte | |
6153 characters". | |
6154 | |
6155 The first byte of a multibyte character is always in the range 128 | |
6156 through 159 (octal 0200 through 0237). These values are called | |
6157 "leading codes". The second and subsequent bytes are always in the | |
6158 range 160 through 255 (octal 0240 through 0377). The first byte, the | |
6159 leading code, determines how many bytes long the sequence is. | |
6160 | |
6161 *** The function forward-char moves over characters, and therefore | |
6162 (forward-char 1) may increase point by more than 1 if it moves over a | |
6163 multibyte character. Likewise, delete-char always deletes a | |
6164 character, which may be more than one buffer position. | |
6165 | |
6166 This means that some Lisp programs, which assume that a character is | |
6167 always one buffer position, need to be changed. | |
6168 | |
6169 However, all ASCII characters are always one buffer position. | |
26264 | 6170 |
25853 | 6171 *** The regexp [\200-\377] no longer matches all non-ASCII characters, |
6172 because when enable-multibyte-characters is non-nil, these characters | |
6173 have codes that are not in the range octal 200 to octal 377. However, | |
6174 the regexp [^\000-\177] does match all non-ASCII characters, | |
6175 guaranteed. | |
6176 | |
6177 *** The function char-boundary-p returns non-nil if position POS is | |
6178 between two characters in the buffer (not in the middle of a | |
6179 character). | |
6180 | |
6181 When the value is non-nil, it says what kind of character follows POS: | |
6182 | |
6183 0 if POS is at an ASCII character or at the end of range, | |
6184 1 if POS is before a 2-byte length multi-byte form, | |
6185 2 if POS is at a head of 3-byte length multi-byte form, | |
6186 3 if POS is at a head of 4-byte length multi-byte form, | |
6187 4 if POS is at a head of multi-byte form of a composite character. | |
6188 | |
6189 *** The function char-bytes returns how many bytes the character CHAR uses. | |
6190 | |
6191 *** Strings can contain multibyte characters. The function | |
6192 `length' returns the string length counting bytes, which may be | |
6193 more than the number of characters. | |
6194 | |
6195 You can include a multibyte character in a string constant by writing | |
6196 it literally. You can also represent it with a hex escape, | |
6197 \xNNNNNNN..., using as many digits as necessary. Any character which | |
6198 is not a valid hex digit terminates this construct. If you want to | |
6199 follow it with a character that is a hex digit, write backslash and | |
6200 newline in between; that will terminate the hex escape. | |
6201 | |
6202 *** The function concat-chars takes arguments which are characters | |
6203 and returns a string containing those characters. | |
6204 | |
6205 *** The function sref access a multibyte character in a string. | |
6206 (sref STRING INDX) returns the character in STRING at INDEX. INDEX | |
6207 counts from zero. If INDEX is at a position in the middle of a | |
6208 character, sref signals an error. | |
6209 | |
6210 *** The function chars-in-string returns the number of characters | |
6211 in a string. This is less than the length of the string, if the | |
6212 string contains multibyte characters (the length counts bytes). | |
6213 | |
6214 *** The function chars-in-region returns the number of characters | |
6215 in a region from BEG to END. This is less than (- END BEG) if the | |
6216 region contains multibyte characters (the length counts bytes). | |
6217 | |
6218 *** The function string-to-list converts a string to a list of | |
6219 the characters in it. string-to-vector converts a string | |
6220 to a vector of the characters in it. | |
6221 | |
6222 *** The function store-substring alters part of the contents | |
6223 of a string. You call it as follows: | |
6224 | |
6225 (store-substring STRING IDX OBJ) | |
6226 | |
6227 This says to alter STRING, by storing OBJ starting at index IDX in | |
6228 STRING. OBJ may be either a character or a (smaller) string. | |
6229 This function really does alter the contents of STRING. | |
6230 Since it is impossible to change the length of an existing string, | |
6231 it is an error if OBJ doesn't fit within STRING's actual length. | |
6232 | |
6233 *** char-width returns the width (in columns) of the character CHAR, | |
6234 if it were displayed in the current buffer and the selected window. | |
6235 | |
6236 *** string-width returns the width (in columns) of the text in STRING, | |
6237 if it were displayed in the current buffer and the selected window. | |
6238 | |
6239 *** truncate-string-to-width shortens a string, if necessary, | |
6240 to fit within a certain number of columns. (Of course, it does | |
6241 not alter the string that you give it; it returns a new string | |
6242 which contains all or just part of the existing string.) | |
6243 | |
6244 (truncate-string-to-width STR END-COLUMN &optional START-COLUMN PADDING) | |
6245 | |
6246 This returns the part of STR up to column END-COLUMN. | |
6247 | |
6248 The optional argument START-COLUMN specifies the starting column. | |
6249 If this is non-nil, then the first START-COLUMN columns of the string | |
6250 are not included in the resulting value. | |
6251 | |
6252 The optional argument PADDING, if non-nil, is a padding character to be added | |
6253 at the beginning and end the resulting string, to extend it to exactly | |
6254 WIDTH columns. If PADDING is nil, that means do not pad; then, if STRING | |
6255 is narrower than WIDTH, the value is equal to STRING. | |
6256 | |
6257 If PADDING and START-COLUMN are both non-nil, and if there is no clean | |
6258 place in STRING that corresponds to START-COLUMN (because one | |
6259 character extends across that column), then the padding character | |
6260 PADDING is added one or more times at the beginning of the result | |
6261 string, so that its columns line up as if it really did start at | |
6262 column START-COLUMN. | |
6263 | |
6264 *** When the functions in the list after-change-functions are called, | |
6265 the third argument is the number of bytes in the pre-change text, not | |
6266 necessarily the number of characters. It is, in effect, the | |
6267 difference in buffer position between the beginning and the end of the | |
6268 changed text, before the change. | |
6269 | |
6270 *** The characters Emacs uses are classified in various character | |
6271 sets, each of which has a name which is a symbol. In general there is | |
6272 one character set for each script, not for each language. | |
6273 | |
6274 **** The function charsetp tests whether an object is a character set name. | |
6275 | |
6276 **** The variable charset-list holds a list of character set names. | |
6277 | |
6278 **** char-charset, given a character code, returns the name of the character | |
6279 set that the character belongs to. (The value is a symbol.) | |
6280 | |
6281 **** split-char, given a character code, returns a list containing the | |
6282 name of the character set, followed by one or two byte-values | |
6283 which identify the character within that character set. | |
6284 | |
6285 **** make-char, given a character set name and one or two subsequent | |
6286 byte-values, constructs a character code. This is roughly the | |
6287 opposite of split-char. | |
6288 | |
6289 **** find-charset-region returns a list of the character sets | |
6290 of all the characters between BEG and END. | |
6291 | |
6292 **** find-charset-string returns a list of the character sets | |
6293 of all the characters in a string. | |
6294 | |
6295 *** Here are the Lisp facilities for working with coding systems | |
6296 and specifying coding systems. | |
6297 | |
6298 **** The function coding-system-list returns a list of all coding | |
6299 system names (symbols). With optional argument t, it returns a list | |
6300 of all distinct base coding systems, not including variants. | |
6301 (Variant coding systems are those like latin-1-dos, latin-1-unix | |
6302 and latin-1-mac which specify the end-of-line conversion as well | |
6303 as what to do about code conversion.) | |
6304 | |
6305 **** coding-system-p tests a symbol to see if it is a coding system | |
6306 name. It returns t if so, nil if not. | |
6307 | |
6308 **** file-coding-system-alist specifies which coding systems to use | |
6309 for certain file names. It works like network-coding-system-alist, | |
6310 except that the PATTERN is matched against the file name. | |
6311 | |
6312 Each element has the format (PATTERN . VAL), where PATTERN determines | |
6313 which file names the element applies to. PATTERN should be a regexp | |
6314 to match against a file name. | |
6315 | |
6316 VAL is a coding system, a cons cell containing two coding systems, or | |
6317 a function symbol. If VAL is a coding system, it is used for both | |
6318 decoding what received from the network stream and encoding what sent | |
6319 to the network stream. If VAL is a cons cell containing two coding | |
6320 systems, the car specifies the coding system for decoding, and the cdr | |
6321 specifies the coding system for encoding. | |
6322 | |
6323 If VAL is a function symbol, the function must return a coding system | |
6324 or a cons cell containing two coding systems, which is used as above. | |
6325 | |
6326 **** The variable network-coding-system-alist specifies | |
6327 the coding system to use for network sockets. | |
6328 | |
6329 Each element has the format (PATTERN . VAL), where PATTERN determines | |
6330 which network sockets the element applies to. PATTERN should be | |
6331 either a port number or a regular expression matching some network | |
6332 service names. | |
6333 | |
6334 VAL is a coding system, a cons cell containing two coding systems, or | |
6335 a function symbol. If VAL is a coding system, it is used for both | |
6336 decoding what received from the network stream and encoding what sent | |
6337 to the network stream. If VAL is a cons cell containing two coding | |
6338 systems, the car specifies the coding system for decoding, and the cdr | |
6339 specifies the coding system for encoding. | |
6340 | |
6341 If VAL is a function symbol, the function must return a coding system | |
6342 or a cons cell containing two coding systems, which is used as above. | |
6343 | |
6344 **** process-coding-system-alist specifies which coding systems to use | |
6345 for certain subprocess. It works like network-coding-system-alist, | |
6346 except that the PATTERN is matched against the program name used to | |
6347 start the subprocess. | |
6348 | |
6349 **** The variable default-process-coding-system specifies the coding | |
6350 systems to use for subprocess (and net connection) input and output, | |
6351 when nothing else specifies what to do. The value is a cons cell | |
6352 (OUTPUT-CODING . INPUT-CODING). OUTPUT-CODING applies to output | |
6353 to the subprocess, and INPUT-CODING applies to input from it. | |
6354 | |
6355 **** The variable coding-system-for-write, if non-nil, specifies the | |
6356 coding system to use for writing a file, or for output to a synchronous | |
6357 subprocess. | |
6358 | |
6359 It also applies to any asynchronous subprocess or network connection, | |
6360 but in a different way: the value of coding-system-for-write when you | |
6361 start the subprocess or connection affects that subprocess or | |
6362 connection permanently or until overridden. | |
6363 | |
6364 The variable coding-system-for-write takes precedence over | |
6365 file-coding-system-alist, process-coding-system-alist and | |
6366 network-coding-system-alist, and all other methods of specifying a | |
6367 coding system for output. But most of the time this variable is nil. | |
6368 It exists so that Lisp programs can bind it to a specific coding | |
6369 system for one operation at a time. | |
6370 | |
6371 **** coding-system-for-read applies similarly to input from | |
6372 files, subprocesses or network connections. | |
6373 | |
6374 **** The function process-coding-system tells you what | |
6375 coding systems(s) an existing subprocess is using. | |
6376 The value is a cons cell, | |
6377 (DECODING-CODING-SYSTEM . ENCODING-CODING-SYSTEM) | |
6378 where DECODING-CODING-SYSTEM is used for decoding output from | |
6379 the subprocess, and ENCODING-CODING-SYSTEM is used for encoding | |
6380 input to the subprocess. | |
6381 | |
6382 **** The function set-process-coding-system can be used to | |
6383 change the coding systems in use for an existing subprocess. | |
6384 | |
6385 ** Emacs has a new facility to help users manage the many | |
6386 customization options. To make a Lisp program work with this facility, | |
6387 you need to use the new macros defgroup and defcustom. | |
6388 | |
6389 You use defcustom instead of defvar, for defining a user option | |
6390 variable. The difference is that you specify two additional pieces of | |
6391 information (usually): the "type" which says what values are | |
6392 legitimate, and the "group" which specifies the hierarchy for | |
6393 customization. | |
6394 | |
6395 Thus, instead of writing | |
6396 | |
6397 (defvar foo-blurgoze nil | |
6398 "*Non-nil means that foo will act very blurgozely.") | |
6399 | |
6400 you would now write this: | |
6401 | |
6402 (defcustom foo-blurgoze nil | |
6403 "*Non-nil means that foo will act very blurgozely." | |
6404 :type 'boolean | |
6405 :group foo) | |
6406 | |
6407 The type `boolean' means that this variable has only | |
6408 two meaningful states: nil and non-nil. Other type values | |
6409 describe other possibilities; see the manual for Custom | |
6410 for a description of them. | |
6411 | |
6412 The "group" argument is used to specify a group which the option | |
6413 should belong to. You define a new group like this: | |
6414 | |
6415 (defgroup ispell nil | |
6416 "Spell checking using Ispell." | |
6417 :group 'processes) | |
6418 | |
6419 The "group" argument in defgroup specifies the parent group. The root | |
6420 group is called `emacs'; it should not contain any variables itself, | |
6421 but only other groups. The immediate subgroups of `emacs' correspond | |
6422 to the keywords used by C-h p. Under these subgroups come | |
6423 second-level subgroups that belong to individual packages. | |
6424 | |
6425 Each Emacs package should have its own set of groups. A simple | |
6426 package should have just one group; a more complex package should | |
6427 have a hierarchy of its own groups. The sole or root group of a | |
6428 package should be a subgroup of one or more of the "keyword" | |
6429 first-level subgroups. | |
6430 | |
6431 ** New `widget' library for inserting UI components in buffers. | |
6432 | |
6433 This library, used by the new custom library, is documented in a | |
6434 separate manual that accompanies Emacs. | |
6435 | |
6436 ** easy-mmode | |
6437 | |
6438 The easy-mmode package provides macros and functions that make | |
6439 developing minor modes easier. Roughly, the programmer has to code | |
6440 only the functionality of the minor mode. All the rest--toggles, | |
6441 predicate, and documentation--can be done in one call to the macro | |
6442 `easy-mmode-define-minor-mode' (see the documentation). See also | |
6443 `easy-mmode-define-keymap'. | |
6444 | |
6445 ** Text property changes | |
6446 | |
6447 *** The `intangible' property now works on overlays as well as on a | |
6448 text property. | |
6449 | |
6450 *** The new functions next-char-property-change and | |
6451 previous-char-property-change scan through the buffer looking for a | |
6452 place where either a text property or an overlay might change. The | |
6453 functions take two arguments, POSITION and LIMIT. POSITION is the | |
6454 starting position for the scan. LIMIT says where to stop the scan. | |
6455 | |
6456 If no property change is found before LIMIT, the value is LIMIT. If | |
6457 LIMIT is nil, scan goes to the beginning or end of the accessible part | |
6458 of the buffer. If no property change is found, the value is the | |
6459 position of the beginning or end of the buffer. | |
6460 | |
6461 *** In the `local-map' text property or overlay property, the property | |
6462 value can now be a symbol whose function definition is a keymap. This | |
6463 is an alternative to using the keymap itself. | |
6464 | |
6465 ** Changes in invisibility features | |
6466 | |
6467 *** Isearch can now temporarily show parts of the buffer which are | |
6468 hidden by an overlay with a invisible property, when the search match | |
6469 is inside that portion of the buffer. To enable this the overlay | |
6470 should have a isearch-open-invisible property which is a function that | |
6471 would be called having the overlay as an argument, the function should | |
6472 make the overlay visible. | |
6473 | |
6474 During incremental search the overlays are shown by modifying the | |
6475 invisible and intangible properties, if beside this more actions are | |
6476 needed the overlay should have a isearch-open-invisible-temporary | |
6477 which is a function. The function is called with 2 arguments: one is | |
6478 the overlay and the second is nil when it should show the overlay and | |
6479 t when it should hide it. | |
6480 | |
6481 *** add-to-invisibility-spec, remove-from-invisibility-spec | |
6482 | |
6483 Modes that use overlays to hide portions of a buffer should set the | |
26264 | 6484 invisible property of the overlay to the mode's name (or another symbol) |
6485 and modify the `buffer-invisibility-spec' to include that symbol. | |
25853 | 6486 Use `add-to-invisibility-spec' and `remove-from-invisibility-spec' to |
26264 | 6487 manipulate the `buffer-invisibility-spec'. |
25853 | 6488 Here is an example of how to do this: |
6489 | |
6490 ;; If we want to display an ellipsis: | |
26264 | 6491 (add-to-invisibility-spec '(my-symbol . t)) |
25853 | 6492 ;; If you don't want ellipsis: |
26264 | 6493 (add-to-invisibility-spec 'my-symbol) |
25853 | 6494 |
6495 ... | |
6496 (overlay-put (make-overlay beginning end) 'invisible 'my-symbol) | |
6497 | |
6498 ... | |
6499 ;; When done with the overlays: | |
6500 (remove-from-invisibility-spec '(my-symbol . t)) | |
6501 ;; Or respectively: | |
6502 (remove-from-invisibility-spec 'my-symbol) | |
6503 | |
6504 ** Changes in syntax parsing. | |
6505 | |
6506 *** The syntax-directed buffer-scan functions (such as | |
6507 `parse-partial-sexp', `forward-word' and similar functions) can now | |
6508 obey syntax information specified by text properties, if the variable | |
6509 `parse-sexp-lookup-properties' is non-nil. | |
6510 | |
6511 If the value of `parse-sexp-lookup-properties' is nil, the behavior | |
6512 is as before: the syntax-table of the current buffer is always | |
6513 used to determine the syntax of the character at the position. | |
6514 | |
6515 When `parse-sexp-lookup-properties' is non-nil, the syntax of a | |
6516 character in the buffer is calculated thus: | |
6517 | |
6518 a) if the `syntax-table' text-property of that character | |
6519 is a cons, this cons becomes the syntax-type; | |
6520 | |
6521 Valid values of `syntax-table' text-property are: nil, a valid | |
6522 syntax-table, and a valid syntax-table element, i.e., | |
6523 a cons cell of the form (SYNTAX-CODE . MATCHING-CHAR). | |
6524 | |
6525 b) if the character's `syntax-table' text-property | |
6526 is a syntax table, this syntax table is used | |
6527 (instead of the syntax-table of the current buffer) to | |
6528 determine the syntax type of the character. | |
6529 | |
6530 c) otherwise the syntax-type is determined by the syntax-table | |
6531 of the current buffer. | |
6532 | |
6533 *** The meaning of \s in regular expressions is also affected by the | |
6534 value of `parse-sexp-lookup-properties'. The details are the same as | |
6535 for the syntax-directed buffer-scan functions. | |
6536 | |
6537 *** There are two new syntax-codes, `!' and `|' (numeric values 14 | |
6538 and 15). A character with a code `!' starts a comment which is ended | |
6539 only by another character with the same code (unless quoted). A | |
6540 character with a code `|' starts a string which is ended only by | |
6541 another character with the same code (unless quoted). | |
6542 | |
6543 These codes are mainly meant for use as values of the `syntax-table' | |
6544 text property. | |
6545 | |
6546 *** The function `parse-partial-sexp' has new semantics for the sixth | |
6547 arg COMMENTSTOP. If it is `syntax-table', parse stops after the start | |
6548 of a comment or a string, or after end of a comment or a string. | |
6549 | |
6550 *** The state-list which the return value from `parse-partial-sexp' | |
6551 (and can also be used as an argument) now has an optional ninth | |
6552 element: the character address of the start of last comment or string; | |
6553 nil if none. The fourth and eighth elements have special values if the | |
6554 string/comment is started by a "!" or "|" syntax-code. | |
6555 | |
6556 *** Since new features of `parse-partial-sexp' allow a complete | |
6557 syntactic parsing, `font-lock' no longer supports | |
6558 `font-lock-comment-start-regexp'. | |
6559 | |
6560 ** Changes in face features | |
6561 | |
6562 *** The face functions are now unconditionally defined in Emacs, even | |
6563 if it does not support displaying on a device that supports faces. | |
6564 | |
6565 *** The function face-documentation returns the documentation string | |
6566 of a face (or nil if it doesn't have one). | |
6567 | |
6568 *** The function face-bold-p returns t if a face should be bold. | |
6569 set-face-bold-p sets that flag. | |
6570 | |
6571 *** The function face-italic-p returns t if a face should be italic. | |
6572 set-face-italic-p sets that flag. | |
6573 | |
6574 *** You can now specify foreground and background colors for text | |
6575 by adding elements of the form (foreground-color . COLOR-NAME) | |
6576 and (background-color . COLOR-NAME) to the list of faces in | |
6577 the `face' property (either the character's text property or an | |
6578 overlay property). | |
6579 | |
6580 This means that you no longer need to create named faces to use | |
6581 arbitrary colors in a Lisp package. | |
6582 | |
6583 ** Changes in file-handling functions | |
6584 | |
6585 *** File-access primitive functions no longer discard an extra redundant | |
6586 directory name from the beginning of the file name. In other words, | |
6587 they no longer do anything special with // or /~. That conversion | |
6588 is now done only in substitute-in-file-name. | |
6589 | |
6590 This makes it possible for a Lisp program to open a file whose name | |
6591 begins with ~. | |
6592 | |
6593 *** If copy-file is unable to set the date of the output file, | |
6594 it now signals an error with the condition file-date-error. | |
6595 | |
6596 *** The inode number returned by file-attributes may be an integer (if | |
6597 the number fits in a Lisp integer) or a list of integers. | |
6598 | |
6599 *** insert-file-contents can now read from a special file, | |
6600 as long as the arguments VISIT and REPLACE are nil. | |
6601 | |
6602 *** The RAWFILE arg to find-file-noselect, if non-nil, now suppresses | |
6603 character code conversion as well as other things. | |
6604 | |
6605 Meanwhile, this feature does work with remote file names | |
6606 (formerly it did not). | |
6607 | |
6608 *** Lisp packages which create temporary files should use the TMPDIR | |
6609 environment variable to decide which directory to put them in. | |
6610 | |
6611 *** interpreter-mode-alist elements now specify regexps | |
6612 instead of constant strings. | |
6613 | |
6614 *** expand-file-name no longer treats `//' or `/~' specially. It used | |
6615 to delete all the text of a file name up through the first slash of | |
6616 any `//' or `/~' sequence. Now it passes them straight through. | |
6617 | |
6618 substitute-in-file-name continues to treat those sequences specially, | |
6619 in the same way as before. | |
6620 | |
6621 *** The variable `format-alist' is more general now. | |
6622 The FROM-FN and TO-FN in a format definition can now be strings | |
6623 which specify shell commands to use as filters to perform conversion. | |
6624 | |
6625 *** The new function access-file tries to open a file, and signals an | |
6626 error if that fails. If the open succeeds, access-file does nothing | |
6627 else, and returns nil. | |
6628 | |
6629 *** The function insert-directory now signals an error if the specified | |
6630 directory cannot be listed. | |
6631 | |
6632 ** Changes in minibuffer input | |
6633 | |
6634 *** The functions read-buffer, read-variable, read-command, read-string | |
6635 read-file-name, read-from-minibuffer and completing-read now take an | |
6636 additional argument which specifies the default value. If this | |
6637 argument is non-nil, it should be a string; that string is used in two | |
6638 ways: | |
6639 | |
6640 It is returned if the user enters empty input. | |
6641 It is available through the history command M-n. | |
6642 | |
6643 *** The functions read-string, read-from-minibuffer, | |
6644 read-no-blanks-input and completing-read now take an additional | |
6645 argument INHERIT-INPUT-METHOD. If this is non-nil, then the | |
6646 minibuffer inherits the current input method and the setting of | |
6647 enable-multibyte-characters from the previously current buffer. | |
6648 | |
6649 In an interactive spec, you can use M instead of s to read an | |
6650 argument in this way. | |
6651 | |
6652 *** All minibuffer input functions discard text properties | |
6653 from the text you enter in the minibuffer, unless the variable | |
6654 minibuffer-allow-text-properties is non-nil. | |
6655 | |
6656 ** Echo area features | |
6657 | |
6658 *** Clearing the echo area now runs the normal hook | |
6659 echo-area-clear-hook. Note that the echo area can be used while the | |
6660 minibuffer is active; in that case, the minibuffer is still active | |
6661 after the echo area is cleared. | |
6662 | |
6663 *** The function current-message returns the message currently displayed | |
6664 in the echo area, or nil if there is none. | |
6665 | |
6666 ** Keyboard input features | |
6667 | |
6668 *** tty-erase-char is a new variable that reports which character was | |
6669 set up as the terminal's erase character when time Emacs was started. | |
6670 | |
6671 *** num-nonmacro-input-events is the total number of input events | |
6672 received so far from the terminal. It does not count those generated | |
6673 by keyboard macros. | |
6674 | |
6675 ** Frame-related changes | |
6676 | |
6677 *** make-frame runs the normal hook before-make-frame-hook just before | |
6678 creating a frame, and just after creating a frame it runs the abnormal | |
6679 hook after-make-frame-functions with the new frame as arg. | |
6680 | |
6681 *** The new hook window-configuration-change-hook is now run every time | |
6682 the window configuration has changed. The frame whose configuration | |
6683 has changed is the selected frame when the hook is run. | |
6684 | |
6685 *** Each frame now independently records the order for recently | |
6686 selected buffers, in its buffer-list frame parameter, so that the | |
6687 value of other-buffer is now based on the buffers recently displayed | |
6688 in the selected frame. | |
6689 | |
6690 *** The value of the frame parameter vertical-scroll-bars | |
6691 is now `left', `right' or nil. A non-nil value specifies | |
6692 which side of the window to put the scroll bars on. | |
6693 | |
6694 ** X Windows features | |
6695 | |
6696 *** You can examine X resources for other applications by binding | |
6697 x-resource-class around a call to x-get-resource. The usual value of | |
6698 x-resource-class is "Emacs", which is the correct value for Emacs. | |
6699 | |
6700 *** In menus, checkboxes and radio buttons now actually work. | |
6701 The menu displays the current status of the box or button. | |
6702 | |
6703 *** The function x-list-fonts now takes an optional fourth argument | |
6704 MAXIMUM which sets a limit on how many matching fonts to return. | |
6705 A smaller value of MAXIMUM makes the function faster. | |
6706 | |
6707 If the only question is whether *any* font matches the pattern, | |
6708 it is good to supply 1 for this argument. | |
6709 | |
6710 ** Subprocess features | |
6711 | |
6712 *** A reminder: it is no longer necessary for subprocess filter | |
6713 functions and sentinels to do save-match-data, because Emacs does this | |
6714 automatically. | |
6715 | |
6716 *** The new function shell-command-to-string executes a shell command | |
6717 and returns the output from the command as a string. | |
6718 | |
6719 *** The new function process-contact returns t for a child process, | |
6720 and (HOSTNAME SERVICE) for a net connection. | |
6721 | |
6722 ** An error in running pre-command-hook or post-command-hook | |
6723 does clear the variable to nil. The documentation was wrong before. | |
6724 | |
6725 ** In define-key-after, if AFTER is t, the new binding now always goes | |
6726 at the end of the keymap. If the keymap is a menu, this means it | |
6727 goes after the other menu items. | |
6728 | |
6729 ** If you have a program that makes several changes in the same area | |
26264 | 6730 of the buffer, you can use the macro combine-after-change-calls |
25853 | 6731 around that Lisp code to make it faster when after-change hooks |
6732 are in use. | |
6733 | |
6734 The macro arranges to call the after-change functions just once for a | |
6735 series of several changes--if that seems safe. | |
6736 | |
6737 Don't alter the variables after-change-functions and | |
6738 after-change-function within the body of a combine-after-change-calls | |
6739 form. | |
6740 | |
6741 ** If you define an abbrev (with define-abbrev) whose EXPANSION | |
6742 is not a string, then the abbrev does not expand in the usual sense, | |
6743 but its hook is still run. | |
6744 | |
6745 ** Normally, the Lisp debugger is not used (even if you have enabled it) | |
6746 for errors that are handled by condition-case. | |
6747 | |
6748 If you set debug-on-signal to a non-nil value, then the debugger is called | |
6749 regardless of whether there is a handler for the condition. This is | |
6750 useful for debugging problems that happen inside of a condition-case. | |
6751 | |
6752 This mode of operation seems to be unreliable in other ways. Errors that | |
6753 are normal and ought to be handled, perhaps in timers or process | |
6754 filters, will instead invoke the debugger. So don't say you weren't | |
6755 warned. | |
6756 | |
6757 ** The new variable ring-bell-function lets you specify your own | |
6758 way for Emacs to "ring the bell". | |
6759 | |
6760 ** If run-at-time's TIME argument is t, the action is repeated at | |
6761 integral multiples of REPEAT from the epoch; this is useful for | |
6762 functions like display-time. | |
6763 | |
6764 ** You can use the function locate-library to find the precise file | |
6765 name of a Lisp library. This isn't new, but wasn't documented before. | |
6766 | |
6767 ** Commands for entering view mode have new optional arguments that | |
6768 can be used from Lisp. Low-level entrance to and exit from view mode | |
6769 is done by functions view-mode-enter and view-mode-exit. | |
6770 | |
6771 ** batch-byte-compile-file now makes Emacs return a nonzero status code | |
6772 if there is an error in compilation. | |
6773 | |
6774 ** pop-to-buffer, switch-to-buffer-other-window and | |
6775 switch-to-buffer-other-frame now accept an additional optional | |
6776 argument NORECORD, much like switch-to-buffer. If it is non-nil, | |
6777 they don't put the buffer at the front of the buffer list. | |
6778 | |
6779 ** If your .emacs file leaves the *scratch* buffer non-empty, | |
6780 Emacs does not display the startup message, so as to avoid changing | |
6781 the *scratch* buffer. | |
6782 | |
6783 ** The new function regexp-opt returns an efficient regexp to match a string. | |
6784 The arguments are STRINGS and (optionally) PAREN. This function can be used | |
6785 where regexp matching or searching is intensively used and speed is important, | |
6786 e.g., in Font Lock mode. | |
6787 | |
6788 ** The variable buffer-display-count is local to each buffer, | |
6789 and is incremented each time the buffer is displayed in a window. | |
6790 It starts at 0 when the buffer is created. | |
6791 | |
6792 ** The new function compose-mail starts composing a mail message | |
6793 using the user's chosen mail composition agent (specified with the | |
6794 variable mail-user-agent). It has variants compose-mail-other-window | |
6795 and compose-mail-other-frame. | |
6796 | |
6797 ** The `user-full-name' function now takes an optional parameter which | |
6798 can either be a number (the UID) or a string (the login name). The | |
6799 full name of the specified user will be returned. | |
6800 | |
6801 ** Lisp packages that load files of customizations, or any other sort | |
6802 of user profile, should obey the variable init-file-user in deciding | |
6803 where to find it. They should load the profile of the user name found | |
6804 in that variable. If init-file-user is nil, meaning that the -q | |
6805 option was used, then Lisp packages should not load the customization | |
6806 files at all. | |
6807 | |
6808 ** format-time-string now allows you to specify the field width | |
6809 and type of padding. This works as in printf: you write the field | |
6810 width as digits in the middle of a %-construct. If you start | |
6811 the field width with 0, it means to pad with zeros. | |
6812 | |
6813 For example, %S normally specifies the number of seconds since the | |
6814 minute; %03S means to pad this with zeros to 3 positions, %_3S to pad | |
6815 with spaces to 3 positions. Plain %3S pads with zeros, because that | |
6816 is how %S normally pads to two positions. | |
6817 | |
6818 ** thing-at-point now supports a new kind of "thing": url. | |
6819 | |
6820 ** imenu.el changes. | |
6821 | |
6822 You can now specify a function to be run when selecting an | |
26264 | 6823 item from menu created by imenu. |
25853 | 6824 |
6825 An example of using this feature: if we define imenu items for the | |
6826 #include directives in a C file, we can open the included file when we | |
6827 select one of those items. | |
6828 | |
6829 * Emacs 19.34 is a bug-fix release with no user-visible changes. | |
6830 | |
6831 * Changes in Emacs 19.33. | |
6832 | |
6833 ** Bibtex mode no longer turns on Auto Fill automatically. (No major | |
6834 mode should do that--it is the user's choice.) | |
6835 | |
6836 ** The variable normal-auto-fill-function specifies the function to | |
6837 use for auto-fill-function, if and when Auto Fill is turned on. | |
6838 Major modes can set this locally to alter how Auto Fill works. | |
6839 | |
6840 * Editing Changes in Emacs 19.32 | |
6841 | |
6842 ** C-x f with no argument now signals an error. | |
6843 To set the fill column at the current column, use C-u C-x f. | |
6844 | |
6845 ** Expanding dynamic abbrevs with M-/ is now smarter about case | |
6846 conversion. If you type the abbreviation with mixed case, and it | |
6847 matches the beginning of the expansion including case, then the | |
6848 expansion is copied verbatim. Using SPC M-/ to copy an additional | |
6849 word always copies it verbatim except when the previous copied word is | |
6850 all caps. | |
6851 | |
6852 ** On a non-windowing terminal, which can display only one Emacs frame | |
6853 at a time, creating a new frame with C-x 5 2 also selects that frame. | |
6854 | |
6855 When using a display that can show multiple frames at once, C-x 5 2 | |
6856 does make the frame visible, but does not select it. This is the same | |
6857 as in previous Emacs versions. | |
6858 | |
6859 ** You can use C-x 5 2 to create multiple frames on MSDOS, just as on a | |
6860 non-X terminal on Unix. Of course, only one frame is visible at any | |
6861 time, since your terminal doesn't have the ability to display multiple | |
6862 frames. | |
6863 | |
6864 ** On Windows, set win32-pass-alt-to-system to a non-nil value | |
6865 if you would like tapping the Alt key to invoke the Windows menu. | |
6866 This feature is not enabled by default; since the Alt key is also the | |
6867 Meta key, it is too easy and painful to activate this feature by | |
6868 accident. | |
6869 | |
6870 ** The command apply-macro-to-region-lines repeats the last defined | |
6871 keyboard macro once for each complete line within the current region. | |
6872 It does this line by line, by moving point to the beginning of that | |
6873 line and then executing the macro. | |
6874 | |
6875 This command is not new, but was never documented before. | |
6876 | |
6877 ** You can now use Mouse-1 to place the region around a string constant | |
6878 (something surrounded by doublequote characters or other delimiter | |
6879 characters of like syntax) by double-clicking on one of the delimiting | |
6880 characters. | |
6881 | |
6882 ** Font Lock mode | |
6883 | |
6884 *** Font Lock support modes | |
6885 | |
6886 Font Lock can be configured to use Fast Lock mode and Lazy Lock mode (see | |
6887 below) in a flexible way. Rather than adding the appropriate function to the | |
6888 hook font-lock-mode-hook, you can use the new variable font-lock-support-mode | |
6889 to control which modes have Fast Lock mode or Lazy Lock mode turned on when | |
6890 Font Lock mode is enabled. | |
6891 | |
6892 For example, to use Fast Lock mode when Font Lock mode is turned on, put: | |
6893 | |
6894 (setq font-lock-support-mode 'fast-lock-mode) | |
6895 | |
6896 in your ~/.emacs. | |
6897 | |
6898 *** lazy-lock | |
6899 | |
6900 The lazy-lock package speeds up Font Lock mode by making fontification occur | |
6901 only when necessary, such as when a previously unfontified part of the buffer | |
6902 becomes visible in a window. When you create a buffer with Font Lock mode and | |
6903 Lazy Lock mode turned on, the buffer is not fontified. When certain events | |
6904 occur (such as scrolling), Lazy Lock makes sure that the visible parts of the | |
6905 buffer are fontified. Lazy Lock also defers on-the-fly fontification until | |
6906 Emacs has been idle for a given amount of time. | |
6907 | |
6908 To use this package, put in your ~/.emacs: | |
6909 | |
6910 (setq font-lock-support-mode 'lazy-lock-mode) | |
6911 | |
6912 To control the package behaviour, see the documentation for `lazy-lock-mode'. | |
6913 | |
6914 ** Changes in BibTeX mode. | |
6915 | |
6916 *** For all entries allow spaces and tabs between opening brace or | |
6917 paren and key. | |
6918 | |
6919 *** Non-escaped double-quoted characters (as in `Sch"of') are now | |
6920 supported. | |
6921 | |
6922 ** Gnus changes. | |
6923 | |
6924 Gnus, the Emacs news reader, has undergone further rewriting. Many new | |
6925 commands and variables have been added. There should be no | |
6926 significant incompatibilities between this Gnus version and the | |
6927 previously released version, except in the message composition area. | |
6928 | |
6929 Below is a list of the more user-visible changes. Coding changes | |
6930 between Gnus 5.1 and 5.2 are more extensive. | |
6931 | |
26264 | 6932 *** A new message composition mode is used. All old customization |
25853 | 6933 variables for mail-mode, rnews-reply-mode and gnus-msg are now |
6934 obsolete. | |
6935 | |
6936 *** Gnus is now able to generate "sparse" threads -- threads where | |
6937 missing articles are represented by empty nodes. | |
6938 | |
6939 (setq gnus-build-sparse-threads 'some) | |
6940 | |
6941 *** Outgoing articles are stored on a special archive server. | |
6942 | |
6943 To disable this: (setq gnus-message-archive-group nil) | |
6944 | |
6945 *** Partial thread regeneration now happens when articles are | |
26264 | 6946 referred. |
25853 | 6947 |
6948 *** Gnus can make use of GroupLens predictions: | |
6949 | |
6950 (setq gnus-use-grouplens t) | |
6951 | |
6952 *** A trn-line tree buffer can be displayed. | |
6953 | |
6954 (setq gnus-use-trees t) | |
6955 | |
6956 *** An nn-like pick-and-read minor mode is available for the summary | |
26264 | 6957 buffers. |
25853 | 6958 |
6959 (add-hook 'gnus-summary-mode-hook 'gnus-pick-mode) | |
6960 | |
6961 *** In binary groups you can use a special binary minor mode: | |
6962 | |
6963 `M-x gnus-binary-mode' | |
6964 | |
6965 *** Groups can be grouped in a folding topic hierarchy. | |
6966 | |
6967 (add-hook 'gnus-group-mode-hook 'gnus-topic-mode) | |
6968 | |
6969 *** Gnus can re-send and bounce mail. | |
6970 | |
6971 Use the `S D r' and `S D b'. | |
6972 | |
6973 *** Groups can now have a score, and bubbling based on entry frequency | |
6974 is possible. | |
6975 | |
6976 (add-hook 'gnus-summary-exit-hook 'gnus-summary-bubble-group) | |
6977 | |
6978 *** Groups can be process-marked, and commands can be performed on | |
6979 groups of groups. | |
6980 | |
6981 *** Caching is possible in virtual groups. | |
6982 | |
6983 *** nndoc now understands all kinds of digests, mail boxes, rnews news | |
26264 | 6984 batches, ClariNet briefs collections, and just about everything else. |
25853 | 6985 |
6986 *** Gnus has a new backend (nnsoup) to create/read SOUP packets. | |
6987 | |
6988 *** The Gnus cache is much faster. | |
6989 | |
6990 *** Groups can be sorted according to many criteria. | |
6991 | |
6992 For instance: (setq gnus-group-sort-function 'gnus-group-sort-by-rank) | |
6993 | |
6994 *** New group parameters have been introduced to set list-address and | |
6995 expiration times. | |
6996 | |
6997 *** All formatting specs allow specifying faces to be used. | |
6998 | |
6999 *** There are several more commands for setting/removing/acting on | |
7000 process marked articles on the `M P' submap. | |
7001 | |
7002 *** The summary buffer can be limited to show parts of the available | |
7003 articles based on a wide range of criteria. These commands have been | |
7004 bound to keys on the `/' submap. | |
7005 | |
7006 *** Articles can be made persistent -- as an alternative to saving | |
7007 articles with the `*' command. | |
7008 | |
7009 *** All functions for hiding article elements are now toggles. | |
7010 | |
7011 *** Article headers can be buttonized. | |
7012 | |
7013 (add-hook 'gnus-article-display-hook 'gnus-article-add-buttons-to-head) | |
7014 | |
7015 *** All mail backends support fetching articles by Message-ID. | |
7016 | |
26264 | 7017 *** Duplicate mail can now be treated properly. See the |
25853 | 7018 `nnmail-treat-duplicates' variable. |
7019 | |
7020 *** All summary mode commands are available directly from the article | |
26264 | 7021 buffer. |
25853 | 7022 |
7023 *** Frames can be part of `gnus-buffer-configuration'. | |
7024 | |
7025 *** Mail can be re-scanned by a daemonic process. | |
7026 | |
7027 *** Gnus can make use of NoCeM files to filter spam. | |
7028 | |
7029 (setq gnus-use-nocem t) | |
7030 | |
26264 | 7031 *** Groups can be made permanently visible. |
25853 | 7032 |
7033 (setq gnus-permanently-visible-groups "^nnml:") | |
7034 | |
26264 | 7035 *** Many new hooks have been introduced to make customizing easier. |
25853 | 7036 |
7037 *** Gnus respects the Mail-Copies-To header. | |
7038 | |
26264 | 7039 *** Threads can be gathered by looking at the References header. |
7040 | |
7041 (setq gnus-summary-thread-gathering-function | |
25853 | 7042 'gnus-gather-threads-by-references) |
7043 | |
7044 *** Read articles can be stored in a special backlog buffer to avoid | |
26264 | 7045 refetching. |
25853 | 7046 |
7047 (setq gnus-keep-backlog 50) | |
7048 | |
7049 *** A clean copy of the current article is always stored in a separate | |
7050 buffer to allow easier treatment. | |
7051 | |
7052 *** Gnus can suggest where to save articles. See `gnus-split-methods'. | |
7053 | |
7054 *** Gnus doesn't have to do as much prompting when saving. | |
7055 | |
7056 (setq gnus-prompt-before-saving t) | |
7057 | |
7058 *** gnus-uu can view decoded files asynchronously while fetching | |
26264 | 7059 articles. |
25853 | 7060 |
7061 (setq gnus-uu-grabbed-file-functions 'gnus-uu-grab-view) | |
7062 | |
26264 | 7063 *** Filling in the article buffer now works properly on cited text. |
25853 | 7064 |
7065 *** Hiding cited text adds buttons to toggle hiding, and how much | |
7066 cited text to hide is now customizable. | |
7067 | |
7068 (setq gnus-cited-lines-visible 2) | |
7069 | |
7070 *** Boring headers can be hidden. | |
7071 | |
7072 (add-hook 'gnus-article-display-hook 'gnus-article-hide-boring-headers) | |
7073 | |
7074 *** Default scoring values can now be set from the menu bar. | |
7075 | |
7076 *** Further syntax checking of outgoing articles have been added. | |
7077 | |
7078 The Gnus manual has been expanded. It explains all these new features | |
7079 in greater detail. | |
7080 | |
7081 * Lisp Changes in Emacs 19.32 | |
7082 | |
7083 ** The function set-visited-file-name now accepts an optional | |
7084 second argument NO-QUERY. If it is non-nil, then the user is not | |
7085 asked for confirmation in the case where the specified file already | |
7086 exists. | |
7087 | |
7088 ** The variable print-length applies to printing vectors and bitvectors, | |
7089 as well as lists. | |
7090 | |
7091 ** The new function keymap-parent returns the parent keymap | |
7092 of a given keymap. | |
7093 | |
7094 ** The new function set-keymap-parent specifies a new parent for a | |
7095 given keymap. The arguments are KEYMAP and PARENT. PARENT must be a | |
7096 keymap or nil. | |
7097 | |
7098 ** Sometimes menu keymaps use a command name, a symbol, which is really | |
7099 an automatically generated alias for some other command, the "real" | |
7100 name. In such a case, you should give that alias symbol a non-nil | |
7101 menu-alias property. That property tells the menu system to look for | |
7102 equivalent keys for the real name instead of equivalent keys for the | |
7103 alias. | |
7104 | |
7105 * Editing Changes in Emacs 19.31 | |
7106 | |
7107 ** Freedom of the press restricted in the United States. | |
7108 | |
7109 Emacs has been censored in accord with the Communications Decency Act. | |
7110 This includes removing some features of the doctor program. That law | |
7111 was described by its supporters as a ban on pornography, but it bans | |
7112 far more than that. The Emacs distribution has never contained any | |
7113 pornography, but parts of it were nonetheless prohibited. | |
7114 | |
7115 For information on US government censorship of the Internet, and what | |
7116 you can do to bring back freedom of the press, see the web site | |
7117 `http://www.vtw.org/'. | |
7118 | |
7119 ** A note about C mode indentation customization. | |
7120 | |
7121 The old (Emacs 19.29) ways of specifying a C indentation style | |
7122 do not normally work in the new implementation of C mode. | |
7123 It has its own methods of customizing indentation, which are | |
7124 much more powerful than the old C mode. See the Editing Programs | |
7125 chapter of the manual for details. | |
7126 | |
7127 However, you can load the library cc-compat to make the old | |
7128 customization variables take effect. | |
7129 | |
7130 ** Marking with the mouse. | |
7131 | |
7132 When you mark a region with the mouse, the region now remains | |
7133 highlighted until the next input event, regardless of whether you are | |
7134 using M-x transient-mark-mode. | |
7135 | |
7136 ** Improved Windows NT/95 support. | |
7137 | |
7138 *** Emacs now supports scroll bars on Windows NT and Windows 95. | |
7139 | |
7140 *** Emacs now supports subprocesses on Windows 95. (Subprocesses used | |
7141 to work on NT only and not on 95.) | |
7142 | |
7143 *** There are difficulties with subprocesses, though, due to problems | |
7144 in Windows, beyond the control of Emacs. They work fine as long as | |
7145 you run Windows applications. The problems arise when you run a DOS | |
7146 application in a subprocesses. Since current shells run as DOS | |
7147 applications, these problems are significant. | |
7148 | |
7149 If you run a DOS application in a subprocess, then the application is | |
7150 likely to busy-wait, which means that your machine will be 100% busy. | |
7151 However, if you don't mind the temporary heavy load, the subprocess | |
7152 will work OK as long as you tell it to terminate before you start any | |
7153 other DOS application as a subprocess. | |
7154 | |
7155 Emacs is unable to terminate or interrupt a DOS subprocess. | |
7156 You have to do this by providing input directly to the subprocess. | |
7157 | |
7158 If you run two DOS applications at the same time in two separate | |
7159 subprocesses, even if one of them is asynchronous, you will probably | |
7160 have to reboot your machine--until then, it will remain 100% busy. | |
7161 Windows simply does not cope when one Windows process tries to run two | |
7162 separate DOS subprocesses. Typing CTL-ALT-DEL and then choosing | |
7163 Shutdown seems to work although it may take a few minutes. | |
7164 | |
7165 ** M-x resize-minibuffer-mode. | |
7166 | |
7167 This command, not previously mentioned in NEWS, toggles a mode in | |
7168 which the minibuffer window expands to show as many lines as the | |
7169 minibuffer contains. | |
7170 | |
7171 ** `title' frame parameter and resource. | |
7172 | |
7173 The `title' X resource now specifies just the frame title, nothing else. | |
7174 It does not affect the name used for looking up other X resources. | |
7175 It works by setting the new `title' frame parameter, which likewise | |
7176 affects just the displayed title of the frame. | |
7177 | |
7178 The `name' parameter continues to do what it used to do: | |
7179 it specifies the frame name for looking up X resources, | |
7180 and also serves as the default for the displayed title | |
7181 when the `title' parameter is unspecified or nil. | |
7182 | |
7183 ** Emacs now uses the X toolkit by default, if you have a new | |
7184 enough version of X installed (X11R5 or newer). | |
7185 | |
7186 ** When you compile Emacs with the Motif widget set, Motif handles the | |
7187 F10 key by activating the menu bar. To avoid confusion, the usual | |
7188 Emacs binding of F10 is replaced with a no-op when using Motif. | |
7189 | |
7190 If you want to be able to use F10 in Emacs, you can rebind the Motif | |
7191 menubar to some other key which you don't use. To do so, add | |
7192 something like this to your X resources file. This example rebinds | |
7193 the Motif menu bar activation key to S-F12: | |
7194 | |
7195 Emacs*defaultVirtualBindings: osfMenuBar : Shift<Key>F12 | |
7196 | |
7197 ** In overwrite mode, DEL now inserts spaces in most cases | |
7198 to replace the characters it "deletes". | |
7199 | |
7200 ** The Rmail summary now shows the number of lines in each message. | |
7201 | |
7202 ** Rmail has a new command M-x unforward-rmail-message, which extracts | |
7203 a forwarded message from the message that forwarded it. To use it, | |
7204 select a message which contains a forwarded message and then type the command. | |
7205 It inserts the forwarded message as a separate Rmail message | |
7206 immediately after the selected one. | |
7207 | |
7208 This command also undoes the textual modifications that are standardly | |
7209 made, as part of forwarding, by Rmail and other mail reader programs. | |
7210 | |
7211 ** Turning off saving of .saves-... files in your home directory. | |
7212 | |
7213 Each Emacs session writes a file named .saves-... in your home | |
7214 directory to record which files M-x recover-session should recover. | |
7215 If you exit Emacs normally with C-x C-c, it deletes that file. If | |
7216 Emacs or the operating system crashes, the file remains for M-x | |
7217 recover-session. | |
7218 | |
7219 You can turn off the writing of these files by setting | |
7220 auto-save-list-file-name to nil. If you do this, M-x recover-session | |
7221 will not work. | |
7222 | |
7223 Some previous Emacs versions failed to delete these files even on | |
7224 normal exit. This is fixed now. If you are thinking of turning off | |
7225 this feature because of past experiences with versions that had this | |
7226 bug, it would make sense to check whether you still want to do so | |
7227 now that the bug is fixed. | |
7228 | |
7229 ** Changes to Version Control (VC) | |
7230 | |
7231 There is a new variable, vc-follow-symlinks. It indicates what to do | |
7232 when you visit a link to a file that is under version control. | |
7233 Editing the file through the link bypasses the version control system, | |
7234 which is dangerous and probably not what you want. | |
7235 | |
7236 If this variable is t, VC follows the link and visits the real file, | |
7237 telling you about it in the echo area. If it is `ask' (the default), | |
7238 VC asks for confirmation whether it should follow the link. If nil, | |
7239 the link is visited and a warning displayed. | |
7240 | |
7241 ** iso-acc.el now lets you specify a choice of language. | |
7242 Languages include "latin-1" (the default) and "latin-2" (which | |
7243 is designed for entering ISO Latin-2 characters). | |
7244 | |
7245 There are also choices for specific human languages such as French and | |
7246 Portuguese. These are subsets of Latin-1, which differ in that they | |
7247 enable only the accent characters needed for particular language. | |
7248 The other accent characters, not needed for the chosen language, | |
7249 remain normal. | |
7250 | |
7251 ** Posting articles and sending mail now has M-TAB completion on various | |
7252 header fields (Newsgroups, To, CC, ...). | |
7253 | |
7254 Completion in the Newsgroups header depends on the list of groups | |
7255 known to your news reader. Completion in the Followup-To header | |
7256 offers those groups which are in the Newsgroups header, since | |
7257 Followup-To usually just holds one of those. | |
7258 | |
7259 Completion in fields that hold mail addresses works based on the list | |
7260 of local users plus your aliases. Additionally, if your site provides | |
7261 a mail directory or a specific host to use for any unrecognized user | |
7262 name, you can arrange to query that host for completion also. (See the | |
7263 documentation of variables `mail-directory-process' and | |
7264 `mail-directory-stream'.) | |
7265 | |
7266 ** A greatly extended sgml-mode offers new features such as (to be configured) | |
7267 skeletons with completing read for tags and attributes, typing named | |
7268 characters including optionally all 8bit characters, making tags invisible | |
7269 with optional alternate display text, skipping and deleting tag(pair)s. | |
7270 | |
7271 Note: since Emacs' syntax feature cannot limit the special meaning of ', " and | |
7272 - to inside <>, for some texts the result, especially of font locking, may be | |
7273 wrong (see `sgml-specials' if you get wrong results). | |
7274 | |
7275 The derived html-mode configures this with tags and attributes more or | |
7276 less HTML3ish. It also offers optional quick keys like C-c 1 for | |
7277 headline or C-c u for unordered list (see `html-quick-keys'). Edit / | |
7278 Text Properties / Face or M-g combinations create tags as applicable. | |
7279 Outline minor mode is supported and level 1 font-locking tries to | |
7280 fontify tag contents (which only works when they fit on one line, due | |
7281 to a limitation in font-lock). | |
7282 | |
7283 External viewing via browse-url can occur automatically upon saving. | |
7284 | |
7285 ** M-x imenu-add-to-menubar now adds to the menu bar for the current | |
7286 buffer only. If you want to put an Imenu item in the menu bar for all | |
7287 buffers that use a particular major mode, use the mode hook, as in | |
7288 this example: | |
7289 | |
7290 (add-hook 'emacs-lisp-mode-hook | |
7291 '(lambda () (imenu-add-to-menubar "Index"))) | |
7292 | |
7293 ** Changes in BibTeX mode. | |
7294 | |
7295 *** Field names may now contain digits, hyphens, and underscores. | |
7296 | |
7297 *** Font Lock mode is now supported. | |
7298 | |
7299 *** bibtex-make-optional-field is no longer interactive. | |
7300 | |
7301 *** If bibtex-maintain-sorted-entries is non-nil, inserting new | |
7302 entries is now done with a faster algorithm. However, inserting | |
7303 will fail in this case if the buffer contains invalid entries or | |
7304 isn't in sorted order, so you should finish each entry with C-c C-c | |
7305 (bibtex-close-entry) after you have inserted or modified it. | |
7306 The default value of bibtex-maintain-sorted-entries is nil. | |
7307 | |
7308 *** Function `show-all' is no longer bound to a key, since C-u C-c C-q | |
7309 does the same job. | |
7310 | |
7311 *** Entries with quotes inside quote-delimited fields (as `author = | |
7312 "Stefan Sch{\"o}f"') are now supported. | |
7313 | |
7314 *** Case in field names doesn't matter anymore when searching for help | |
7315 text. | |
7316 | |
7317 ** Font Lock mode | |
7318 | |
7319 *** Global Font Lock mode | |
7320 | |
7321 Font Lock mode can be turned on globally, in buffers that support it, by the | |
7322 new command global-font-lock-mode. You can use the new variable | |
7323 font-lock-global-modes to control which modes have Font Lock mode automagically | |
7324 turned on. By default, this variable is set so that Font Lock mode is turned | |
7325 on globally where the buffer mode supports it. | |
7326 | |
7327 For example, to automagically turn on Font Lock mode where supported, put: | |
7328 | |
7329 (global-font-lock-mode t) | |
7330 | |
7331 in your ~/.emacs. | |
7332 | |
7333 *** Local Refontification | |
7334 | |
7335 In Font Lock mode, editing a line automatically refontifies that line only. | |
7336 However, if your change alters the syntactic context for following lines, | |
7337 those lines remain incorrectly fontified. To refontify them, use the new | |
7338 command M-g M-g (font-lock-fontify-block). | |
7339 | |
7340 In certain major modes, M-g M-g refontifies the entire current function. | |
7341 (The variable font-lock-mark-block-function controls how to find the | |
7342 current function.) In other major modes, M-g M-g refontifies 16 lines | |
7343 above and below point. | |
7344 | |
7345 With a prefix argument N, M-g M-g refontifies N lines above and below point. | |
7346 | |
7347 ** Follow mode | |
7348 | |
7349 Follow mode is a new minor mode combining windows showing the same | |
7350 buffer into one tall "virtual window". The windows are typically two | |
7351 side-by-side windows. Follow mode makes them scroll together as if | |
7352 they were a unit. To use it, go to a frame with just one window, | |
7353 split it into two side-by-side windows using C-x 3, and then type M-x | |
7354 follow-mode. | |
7355 | |
7356 M-x follow-mode turns off Follow mode if it is already enabled. | |
7357 | |
7358 To display two side-by-side windows and activate Follow mode, use the | |
7359 command M-x follow-delete-other-windows-and-split. | |
7360 | |
7361 ** hide-show changes. | |
7362 | |
7363 The hooks hs-hide-hooks and hs-show-hooks have been renamed | |
7364 to hs-hide-hook and hs-show-hook, to follow the convention for | |
7365 normal hooks. | |
7366 | |
7367 ** Simula mode now has a menu containing the most important commands. | |
7368 The new command simula-indent-exp is bound to C-M-q. | |
7369 | |
7370 ** etags can now handle programs written in Erlang. Files are | |
7371 recognised by the extensions .erl and .hrl. The tagged lines are | |
7372 those that begin a function, record, or macro. | |
7373 | |
7374 ** MSDOS Changes | |
7375 | |
7376 *** It is now possible to compile Emacs with the version 2 of DJGPP. | |
7377 Compilation with DJGPP version 1 also still works. | |
7378 | |
7379 *** The documentation of DOS-specific aspects of Emacs was rewritten | |
7380 and expanded; see the ``MS-DOS'' node in the on-line docs. | |
7381 | |
7382 *** Emacs now uses ~ for backup file names, not .bak. | |
7383 | |
7384 *** You can simulate mouse-3 on two-button mice by simultaneously | |
7385 pressing both mouse buttons. | |
7386 | |
7387 *** A number of packages and commands which previously failed or had | |
7388 restricted functionality on MS-DOS, now work. The most important ones | |
26264 | 7389 are: |
25853 | 7390 |
7391 **** Printing (both with `M-x lpr-buffer' and with `ps-print' package) | |
7392 now works. | |
7393 | |
7394 **** `Ediff' works (in a single-frame mode). | |
7395 | |
7396 **** `M-x display-time' can be used on MS-DOS (due to the new | |
7397 implementation of Emacs timers, see below). | |
7398 | |
7399 **** `Dired' supports Unix-style shell wildcards. | |
7400 | |
7401 **** The `c-macro-expand' command now works as on other platforms. | |
7402 | |
7403 **** `M-x recover-session' works. | |
7404 | |
7405 **** `M-x list-colors-display' displays all the available colors. | |
7406 | |
7407 **** The `TPU-EDT' package works. | |
7408 | |
7409 * Lisp changes in Emacs 19.31. | |
7410 | |
7411 ** The function using-unix-filesystems on Windows NT and Windows 95 | |
7412 tells Emacs to read and write files assuming that they reside on a | |
7413 remote Unix filesystem. No CR/LF translation is done on any files in | |
7414 this case. Invoking using-unix-filesystems with t activates this | |
7415 behavior, and invoking it with any other value deactivates it. | |
7416 | |
7417 ** Change in system-type and system-configuration values. | |
7418 | |
7419 The value of system-type on a Linux-based GNU system is now `lignux', | |
7420 not `linux'. This means that some programs which use `system-type' | |
7421 need to be changed. The value of `system-configuration' will also | |
7422 be different. | |
7423 | |
7424 It is generally recommended to use `system-configuration' rather | |
7425 than `system-type'. | |
7426 | |
7427 See the file LINUX-GNU in this directory for more about this. | |
7428 | |
7429 ** The functions shell-command and dired-call-process | |
7430 now run file name handlers for default-directory, if it has them. | |
7431 | |
7432 ** Undoing the deletion of text now restores the positions of markers | |
7433 that pointed into or next to the deleted text. | |
7434 | |
7435 ** Timers created with run-at-time now work internally to Emacs, and | |
7436 no longer use a separate process. Therefore, they now work more | |
7437 reliably and can be used for shorter time delays. | |
7438 | |
7439 The new function run-with-timer is a convenient way to set up a timer | |
7440 to run a specified amount of time after the present. A call looks | |
7441 like this: | |
7442 | |
7443 (run-with-timer SECS REPEAT FUNCTION ARGS...) | |
7444 | |
7445 SECS says how many seconds should elapse before the timer happens. | |
7446 It may be an integer or a floating point number. When the timer | |
7447 becomes ripe, the action is to call FUNCTION with arguments ARGS. | |
7448 | |
7449 REPEAT gives the interval for repeating the timer (measured in | |
7450 seconds). It may be an integer or a floating point number. nil or 0 | |
7451 means don't repeat at all--call FUNCTION just once. | |
7452 | |
7453 *** with-timeout provides an easy way to do something but give | |
7454 up if too much time passes. | |
7455 | |
7456 (with-timeout (SECONDS TIMEOUT-FORMS...) BODY...) | |
7457 | |
7458 This executes BODY, but gives up after SECONDS seconds. | |
7459 If it gives up, it runs the TIMEOUT-FORMS and returns the value | |
7460 of the last one of them. Normally it returns the value of the last | |
7461 form in BODY. | |
7462 | |
7463 *** You can now arrange to call a function whenever Emacs is idle for | |
7464 a certain length of time. To do this, call run-with-idle-timer. A | |
7465 call looks like this: | |
7466 | |
7467 (run-with-idle-timer SECS REPEAT FUNCTION ARGS...) | |
7468 | |
7469 SECS says how many seconds of idleness should elapse before the timer | |
7470 runs. It may be an integer or a floating point number. When the | |
7471 timer becomes ripe, the action is to call FUNCTION with arguments | |
7472 ARGS. | |
7473 | |
7474 Emacs becomes idle whenever it finishes executing a keyboard or mouse | |
7475 command. It remains idle until it receives another keyboard or mouse | |
7476 command. | |
7477 | |
7478 REPEAT, if non-nil, means this timer should be activated again each | |
7479 time Emacs becomes idle and remains idle for SECS seconds The timer | |
7480 does not repeat if Emacs *remains* idle; it runs at most once after | |
7481 each time Emacs becomes idle. | |
7482 | |
7483 If REPEAT is nil, the timer runs just once, the first time Emacs is | |
7484 idle for SECS seconds. | |
7485 | |
7486 *** post-command-idle-hook is now obsolete; you shouldn't use it at | |
7487 all, because it interferes with the idle timer mechanism. If your | |
7488 programs use post-command-idle-hook, convert them to use idle timers | |
7489 instead. | |
7490 | |
7491 *** y-or-n-p-with-timeout lets you ask a question but give up if | |
7492 there is no answer within a certain time. | |
7493 | |
7494 (y-or-n-p-with-timeout PROMPT SECONDS DEFAULT-VALUE) | |
7495 | |
7496 asks the question PROMPT (just like y-or-n-p). If the user answers | |
7497 within SECONDS seconds, it returns the answer that the user gave. | |
7498 Otherwise it gives up after SECONDS seconds, and returns DEFAULT-VALUE. | |
7499 | |
7500 ** Minor change to `encode-time': you can now pass more than seven | |
7501 arguments. If you do that, the first six arguments have the usual | |
7502 meaning, the last argument is interpreted as the time zone, and the | |
7503 arguments in between are ignored. | |
7504 | |
7505 This means that it works to use the list returned by `decode-time' as | |
7506 the list of arguments for `encode-time'. | |
7507 | |
7508 ** The default value of load-path now includes the directory | |
7509 /usr/local/share/emacs/VERSION/site-lisp In addition to | |
7510 /usr/local/share/emacs/site-lisp. You can use this new directory for | |
7511 site-specific Lisp packages that belong with a particular Emacs | |
7512 version. | |
7513 | |
7514 It is not unusual for a Lisp package that works well in one Emacs | |
7515 version to cause trouble in another. Sometimes packages need updating | |
7516 for incompatible changes; sometimes they look at internal data that | |
7517 has changed; sometimes the package has been installed in Emacs itself | |
7518 and the installed version should be used. Whatever the reason for the | |
7519 problem, this new feature makes it easier to solve. | |
7520 | |
7521 ** When your program contains a fixed file name (like .completions or | |
7522 .abbrev.defs), the file name usually needs to be different on operating | |
7523 systems with limited file name syntax. | |
7524 | |
7525 Now you can avoid ad-hoc conditionals by using the function | |
7526 convert-standard-filename to convert the file name to a proper form | |
7527 for each operating system. Here is an example of use, from the file | |
7528 completions.el: | |
7529 | |
7530 (defvar save-completions-file-name | |
7531 (convert-standard-filename "~/.completions") | |
7532 "*The filename to save completions to.") | |
7533 | |
7534 This sets the variable save-completions-file-name to a value that | |
7535 depends on the operating system, because the definition of | |
7536 convert-standard-filename depends on the operating system. On | |
7537 Unix-like systems, it returns the specified file name unchanged. On | |
7538 MS-DOS, it adapts the name to fit the limitations of that system. | |
7539 | |
7540 ** The interactive spec N now returns the numeric prefix argument | |
7541 rather than the raw prefix argument. (It still reads a number using the | |
7542 minibuffer if there is no prefix argument at all.) | |
7543 | |
7544 ** When a process is deleted, this no longer disconnects the process | |
7545 marker from its buffer position. | |
7546 | |
7547 ** The variable garbage-collection-messages now controls whether | |
7548 Emacs displays a message at the beginning and end of garbage collection. | |
7549 The default is nil, meaning there are no messages. | |
7550 | |
7551 ** The variable debug-ignored-errors specifies certain kinds of errors | |
7552 that should not enter the debugger. Its value is a list of error | |
7553 condition symbols and/or regular expressions. If the error has any | |
7554 of the condition symbols listed, or if any of the regular expressions | |
7555 matches the error message, then that error does not enter the debugger, | |
7556 regardless of the value of debug-on-error. | |
7557 | |
7558 This variable is initialized to match certain common but uninteresting | |
7559 errors that happen often during editing. | |
7560 | |
7561 ** The new function error-message-string converts an error datum | |
7562 into its error message. The error datum is what condition-case | |
7563 puts into the variable, to describe the error that happened. | |
7564 | |
7565 ** Anything that changes which buffer appears in a given window | |
7566 now runs the window-scroll-functions for that window. | |
7567 | |
7568 ** The new function get-buffer-window-list returns a list of windows displaying | |
7569 a buffer. The function is called with the buffer (a buffer object or a buffer | |
7570 name) and two optional arguments specifying the minibuffer windows and frames | |
7571 to search. Therefore this function takes optional args like next-window etc., | |
7572 and not get-buffer-window. | |
7573 | |
7574 ** buffer-substring now runs the hook buffer-access-fontify-functions, | |
7575 calling each function with two arguments--the range of the buffer | |
7576 being accessed. buffer-substring-no-properties does not call them. | |
7577 | |
7578 If you use this feature, you should set the variable | |
7579 buffer-access-fontified-property to a non-nil symbol, which is a | |
7580 property name. Then, if all the characters in the buffer range have a | |
7581 non-nil value for that property, the buffer-access-fontify-functions | |
7582 are not called. When called, these functions should put a non-nil | |
7583 property on the text that they fontify, so that they won't get called | |
7584 over and over for the same text. | |
7585 | |
7586 ** Changes in lisp-mnt.el | |
7587 | |
7588 *** The lisp-mnt package can now recognize file headers that are written | |
7589 in the formats used by the `what' command and the RCS `ident' command: | |
7590 | |
7591 ;; @(#) HEADER: text | |
7592 ;; $HEADER: text $ | |
7593 | |
7594 in addition to the normal | |
7595 | |
7596 ;; HEADER: text | |
7597 | |
7598 *** The commands lm-verify and lm-synopsis are now interactive. lm-verify | |
7599 checks that the library file has proper sections and headers, and | |
7600 lm-synopsis extracts first line "synopsis'"information. | |
7601 | |
7602 * For older news, see the file ONEWS. | |
7603 | |
7604 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
7605 Copyright information: | |
7606 | |
27200 | 7607 Copyright (C) 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
25853 | 7608 |
7609 Permission is granted to anyone to make or distribute verbatim copies | |
7610 of this document as received, in any medium, provided that the | |
7611 copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved, | |
7612 thus giving the recipient permission to redistribute in turn. | |
7613 | |
7614 Permission is granted to distribute modified versions | |
7615 of this document, or of portions of it, | |
7616 under the above conditions, provided also that they | |
7617 carry prominent notices stating who last changed them. | |
7618 | |
7619 Local variables: | |
7620 mode: outline | |
7621 paragraph-separate: "[ ]*$" | |
7622 end: |