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annotate etc/DEBUG @ 45262:780424a19a2b
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author | Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org> |
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date | Mon, 13 May 2002 00:05:02 +0000 |
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25853 | 1 Debugging GNU Emacs |
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2 Copyright (c) 1985, 2000, 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
25853 | 3 |
4 Permission is granted to anyone to make or distribute verbatim copies | |
5 of this document as received, in any medium, provided that the | |
6 copyright notice and permission notice are preserved, | |
7 and that the distributor grants the recipient permission | |
8 for further redistribution as permitted by this notice. | |
9 | |
10 Permission is granted to distribute modified versions | |
11 of this document, or of portions of it, | |
12 under the above conditions, provided also that they | |
13 carry prominent notices stating who last changed them. | |
14 | |
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15 [People who debug Emacs on Windows using native Windows debuggers |
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16 should read the Windows-specific section near the end of this |
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17 document.] |
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18 |
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19 ** When you debug Emacs with GDB, you should start it in the directory |
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20 where you built Emacs. That directory has a .gdbinit file that defines |
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21 various "user-defined" commands for debugging Emacs. |
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22 |
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23 ** It is a good idea to run Emacs under GDB (or some other suitable |
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24 debugger) *all the time*. Then, when Emacs crashes, you will be able |
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25 to debug the live process, not just a core dump. (This is especially |
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26 important on systems which don't support core files, and instead print |
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27 just the registers and some stack addresses.) |
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28 |
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29 ** If Emacs hangs, or seems to be stuck in some infinite loop, typing |
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30 "kill -TSTP PID", where PID is the Emacs process ID, will cause GDB to |
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31 kick in, provided that you run under GDB. |
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32 |
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33 ** Getting control to the debugger |
25853 | 34 |
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35 `Fsignal' is a very useful place to put a breakpoint in. |
25853 | 36 All Lisp errors go through there. |
37 | |
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38 It is useful, when debugging, to have a guaranteed way to return to |
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39 the debugger at any time. When using X, this is easy: type C-z at the |
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40 window where Emacs is running under GDB, and it will stop Emacs just |
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41 as it would stop any ordinary program. When Emacs is running in a |
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42 terminal, things are not so easy. |
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43 |
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44 The src/.gdbinit file in the Emacs distribution arranges for SIGINT |
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45 (C-g in Emacs) to be passed to Emacs and not give control back to GDB. |
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46 On modern POSIX systems, you can override that with this command: |
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47 |
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48 handle SIGINT stop nopass |
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49 |
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50 After this `handle' command, SIGINT will return control to GDB. If |
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51 you want the C-g to cause a QUIT within Emacs as well, omit the |
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52 `nopass'. |
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53 |
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54 A technique that can work when `handle SIGINT' does not is to store |
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55 the code for some character into the variable stop_character. Thus, |
25853 | 56 |
57 set stop_character = 29 | |
58 | |
59 makes Control-] (decimal code 29) the stop character. | |
60 Typing Control-] will cause immediate stop. You cannot | |
61 use the set command until the inferior process has been started. | |
62 Put a breakpoint early in `main', or suspend the Emacs, | |
63 to get an opportunity to do the set command. | |
64 | |
65 ** Examining Lisp object values. | |
66 | |
67 When you have a live process to debug, and it has not encountered a | |
68 fatal error, you can use the GDB command `pr'. First print the value | |
69 in the ordinary way, with the `p' command. Then type `pr' with no | |
70 arguments. This calls a subroutine which uses the Lisp printer. | |
71 | |
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72 Note: It is not a good idea to try `pr' if you know that Emacs is in |
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73 deep trouble: its stack smashed (e.g., if it encountered SIGSEGV due |
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74 to stack overflow), or crucial data structures, such as `obarray', |
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75 corrupted, etc. In such cases, the Emacs subroutine called by `pr' |
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76 might make more damage, like overwrite some data that is important for |
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77 debugging the original problem. |
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78 |
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79 Also, on some systems it is impossible to use `pr' if you stopped |
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80 Emacs while it was inside `select'. This is in fact what happens if |
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81 you stop Emacs while it is waiting. In such a situation, don't try to |
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82 use `pr'. Instead, use `s' to step out of the system call. Then |
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83 Emacs will be between instructions and capable of handling `pr'. |
25853 | 84 |
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85 If you can't use `pr' command, for whatever reason, you can fall back |
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86 on lower-level commands. Use the `xtype' command to print out the |
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87 data type of the last data value. Once you know the data type, use |
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88 the command that corresponds to that type. Here are these commands: |
25853 | 89 |
90 xint xptr xwindow xmarker xoverlay xmiscfree xintfwd xboolfwd xobjfwd | |
91 xbufobjfwd xkbobjfwd xbuflocal xbuffer xsymbol xstring xvector xframe | |
92 xwinconfig xcompiled xcons xcar xcdr xsubr xprocess xfloat xscrollbar | |
93 | |
94 Each one of them applies to a certain type or class of types. | |
95 (Some of these types are not visible in Lisp, because they exist only | |
96 internally.) | |
97 | |
98 Each x... command prints some information about the value, and | |
99 produces a GDB value (subsequently available in $) through which you | |
100 can get at the rest of the contents. | |
101 | |
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102 In general, most of the rest of the contents will be additional Lisp |
25853 | 103 objects which you can examine in turn with the x... commands. |
104 | |
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105 Even with a live process, these x... commands are useful for |
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106 examining the fields in a buffer, window, process, frame or marker. |
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107 Here's an example using concepts explained in the node "Value History" |
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108 of the GDB manual to print the variable frame from this line in |
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109 xmenu.c: |
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110 |
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111 buf.frame_or_window = frame; |
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112 |
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113 First, use these commands: |
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114 |
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115 cd src |
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116 gdb emacs |
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117 b xmenu.c:1296 |
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118 r -q |
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119 |
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120 Then type C-x 5 2 to create a new frame, and it hits the breakpoint: |
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121 |
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122 (gdb) p frame |
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123 $1 = 1077872640 |
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124 (gdb) xtype |
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125 Lisp_Vectorlike |
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126 PVEC_FRAME |
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127 (gdb) xframe |
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128 $2 = (struct frame *) 0x3f0800 |
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129 (gdb) p *$ |
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130 $3 = { |
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131 size = 536871989, |
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132 next = 0x366240, |
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133 name = 809661752, |
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134 [...] |
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135 } |
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136 (gdb) p $3->name |
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137 $4 = 809661752 |
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138 |
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139 Now we can use `pr' to print the name of the frame: |
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140 |
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141 (gdb) pr |
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142 "emacs@steenrod.math.nwu.edu" |
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143 |
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144 The Emacs C code heavily uses macros defined in lisp.h. So suppose |
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145 we want the address of the l-value expression near the bottom of |
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146 `add_command_key' from keyboard.c: |
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147 |
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148 XVECTOR (this_command_keys)->contents[this_command_key_count++] = key; |
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149 |
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150 XVECTOR is a macro, and therefore GDB does not know about it. |
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151 GDB cannot evaluate "p XVECTOR (this_command_keys)". |
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152 |
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153 However, you can use the xvector command in GDB to get the same |
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154 result. Here is how: |
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155 |
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156 (gdb) p this_command_keys |
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157 $1 = 1078005760 |
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158 (gdb) xvector |
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159 $2 = (struct Lisp_Vector *) 0x411000 |
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160 0 |
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161 (gdb) p $->contents[this_command_key_count] |
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162 $3 = 1077872640 |
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163 (gdb) p &$ |
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164 $4 = (int *) 0x411008 |
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165 |
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166 Here's a related example of macros and the GDB `define' command. |
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167 There are many Lisp vectors such as `recent_keys', which contains the |
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168 last 100 keystrokes. We can print this Lisp vector |
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169 |
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170 p recent_keys |
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171 pr |
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172 |
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173 But this may be inconvenient, since `recent_keys' is much more verbose |
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174 than `C-h l'. We might want to print only the last 10 elements of |
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175 this vector. `recent_keys' is updated in keyboard.c by the command |
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176 |
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177 XVECTOR (recent_keys)->contents[recent_keys_index] = c; |
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178 |
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179 So we define a GDB command `xvector-elts', so the last 10 keystrokes |
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180 are printed by |
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181 |
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182 xvector-elts recent_keys recent_keys_index 10 |
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183 |
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184 where you can define xvector-elts as follows: |
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185 |
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186 define xvector-elts |
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187 set $i = 0 |
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188 p $arg0 |
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189 xvector |
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190 set $foo = $ |
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191 while $i < $arg2 |
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192 p $foo->contents[$arg1-($i++)] |
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193 pr |
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194 end |
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195 document xvector-elts |
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196 Prints a range of elements of a Lisp vector. |
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197 xvector-elts v n i |
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198 prints `i' elements of the vector `v' ending at the index `n'. |
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199 end |
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200 |
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201 ** Getting Lisp-level backtrace information within GDB |
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202 |
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203 The most convenient way is to use the `xbacktrace' command. This |
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204 shows the names of the Lisp functions that are currently active. |
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205 |
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206 If that doesn't work (e.g., because the `backtrace_list' structure is |
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207 corrupted), type "bt" at the GDB prompt, to produce the C-level |
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208 backtrace, and look for stack frames that call Ffuncall. Select them |
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209 one by one in GDB, by typing "up N", where N is the appropriate number |
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210 of frames to go up, and in each frame that calls Ffuncall type this: |
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211 |
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212 p *args |
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213 pr |
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214 |
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215 This will print the name of the Lisp function called by that level |
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216 of function calling. |
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217 |
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218 By printing the remaining elements of args, you can see the argument |
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219 values. Here's how to print the first argument: |
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220 |
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221 p args[1] |
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222 pr |
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223 |
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224 If you do not have a live process, you can use xtype and the other |
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225 x... commands such as xsymbol to get such information, albeit less |
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226 conveniently. For example: |
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227 |
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228 p *args |
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229 xtype |
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230 |
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231 and, assuming that "xtype" says that args[0] is a symbol: |
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232 |
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233 xsymbol |
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234 |
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235 ** Debugging what happens while preloading and dumping Emacs |
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236 |
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237 Type `gdb temacs' and start it with `r -batch -l loadup dump'. |
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238 |
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239 If temacs actually succeeds when running under GDB in this way, do not |
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240 try to run the dumped Emacs, because it was dumped with the GDB |
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241 breakpoints in it. |
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242 |
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243 ** Debugging `temacs' |
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244 |
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245 Debugging `temacs' is useful when you want to establish whether a |
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246 problem happens in an undumped Emacs. To run `temacs' under a |
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247 debugger, type "gdb temacs", then start it with `r -batch -l loadup'. |
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248 |
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249 ** If you encounter X protocol errors |
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250 |
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251 Try evaluating (x-synchronize t). That puts Emacs into synchronous |
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252 mode, where each Xlib call checks for errors before it returns. This |
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253 mode is much slower, but when you get an error, you will see exactly |
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254 which call really caused the error. |
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255 |
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256 You can start Emacs in a synchronous mode by invoking it with the -xrm |
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257 option, like this: |
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258 |
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259 emacs -xrm "emacs.synchronous: true" |
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260 |
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261 Setting a breakpoint in the function `x_error_quitter' and looking at |
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262 the backtrace when Emacs stops inside that function will show what |
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263 code causes the X protocol errors. |
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264 |
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265 Some bugs related to the X protocol disappear when Emacs runs in a |
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266 synchronous mode. To track down those bugs, we suggest the following |
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267 procedure: |
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268 |
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269 - Run Emacs under a debugger and put a breakpoint inside the |
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270 primitive function which, when called from Lisp, triggers the X |
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271 protocol errors. For example, if the errors happen when you |
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272 delete a frame, put a breakpoint inside `Fdelete_frame'. |
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273 |
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274 - When the breakpoint breaks, step through the code, looking for |
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275 calls to X functions (the ones whose names begin with "X" or |
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276 "Xt" or "Xm"). |
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277 |
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278 - Insert calls to `XSync' before and after each call to the X |
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279 functions, like this: |
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280 |
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281 XSync (f->output_data.x->display_info->display, 0); |
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282 |
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283 where `f' is the pointer to the `struct frame' of the selected |
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284 frame, normally available via XFRAME (selected_frame). (Most |
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285 functions which call X already have some variable that holds the |
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286 pointer to the frame, perhaps called `f' or `sf', so you shouldn't |
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287 need to compute it.) |
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288 |
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289 If your debugger can call functions in the program being debugged, |
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290 you should be able to issue the calls to `XSync' without recompiling |
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291 Emacs. For example, with GDB, just type: |
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292 |
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293 call XSync (f->output_data.x->display_info->display, 0) |
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294 |
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295 before and immediately after the suspect X calls. If your |
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296 debugger does not support this, you will need to add these pairs |
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297 of calls in the source and rebuild Emacs. |
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298 |
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299 Either way, systematically step through the code and issue these |
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300 calls until you find the first X function called by Emacs after |
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301 which a call to `XSync' winds up in the function |
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302 `x_error_quitter'. The first X function call for which this |
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303 happens is the one that generated the X protocol error. |
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304 |
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305 - You should now look around this offending X call and try to figure |
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306 out what is wrong with it. |
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307 |
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308 ** If the symptom of the bug is that Emacs fails to respond |
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309 |
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310 Don't assume Emacs is `hung'--it may instead be in an infinite loop. |
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311 To find out which, make the problem happen under GDB and stop Emacs |
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312 once it is not responding. (If Emacs is using X Windows directly, you |
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313 can stop Emacs by typing C-z at the GDB job.) Then try stepping with |
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314 `step'. If Emacs is hung, the `step' command won't return. If it is |
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315 looping, `step' will return. |
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316 |
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317 If this shows Emacs is hung in a system call, stop it again and |
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318 examine the arguments of the call. If you report the bug, it is very |
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319 important to state exactly where in the source the system call is, and |
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320 what the arguments are. |
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321 |
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322 If Emacs is in an infinite loop, try to determine where the loop |
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323 starts and ends. The easiest way to do this is to use the GDB command |
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324 `finish'. Each time you use it, Emacs resumes execution until it |
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325 exits one stack frame. Keep typing `finish' until it doesn't |
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326 return--that means the infinite loop is in the stack frame which you |
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327 just tried to finish. |
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328 |
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329 Stop Emacs again, and use `finish' repeatedly again until you get back |
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330 to that frame. Then use `next' to step through that frame. By |
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331 stepping, you will see where the loop starts and ends. Also, examine |
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332 the data being used in the loop and try to determine why the loop does |
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333 not exit when it should. |
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334 |
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335 ** If certain operations in Emacs are slower than they used to be, here |
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336 is some advice for how to find out why. |
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337 |
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338 Stop Emacs repeatedly during the slow operation, and make a backtrace |
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339 each time. Compare the backtraces looking for a pattern--a specific |
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340 function that shows up more often than you'd expect. |
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341 |
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342 If you don't see a pattern in the C backtraces, get some Lisp |
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343 backtrace information by typing "xbacktrace" or by looking at Ffuncall |
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344 frames (see above), and again look for a pattern. |
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345 |
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346 When using X, you can stop Emacs at any time by typing C-z at GDB. |
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347 When not using X, you can do this with C-g. On non-Unix platforms, |
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348 such as MS-DOS, you might need to press C-BREAK instead. |
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349 |
25853 | 350 ** If GDB does not run and your debuggers can't load Emacs. |
351 | |
352 On some systems, no debugger can load Emacs with a symbol table, | |
353 perhaps because they all have fixed limits on the number of symbols | |
354 and Emacs exceeds the limits. Here is a method that can be used | |
355 in such an extremity. Do | |
356 | |
357 nm -n temacs > nmout | |
358 strip temacs | |
359 adb temacs | |
360 0xd:i | |
361 0xe:i | |
362 14:i | |
363 17:i | |
364 :r -l loadup (or whatever) | |
365 | |
366 It is necessary to refer to the file `nmout' to convert | |
367 numeric addresses into symbols and vice versa. | |
368 | |
369 It is useful to be running under a window system. | |
370 Then, if Emacs becomes hopelessly wedged, you can create | |
371 another window to do kill -9 in. kill -ILL is often | |
372 useful too, since that may make Emacs dump core or return | |
373 to adb. | |
374 | |
375 | |
376 ** Debugging incorrect screen updating. | |
377 | |
378 To debug Emacs problems that update the screen wrong, it is useful | |
379 to have a record of what input you typed and what Emacs sent to the | |
380 screen. To make these records, do | |
381 | |
382 (open-dribble-file "~/.dribble") | |
383 (open-termscript "~/.termscript") | |
384 | |
385 The dribble file contains all characters read by Emacs from the | |
386 terminal, and the termscript file contains all characters it sent to | |
387 the terminal. The use of the directory `~/' prevents interference | |
388 with any other user. | |
389 | |
390 If you have irreproducible display problems, put those two expressions | |
391 in your ~/.emacs file. When the problem happens, exit the Emacs that | |
392 you were running, kill it, and rename the two files. Then you can start | |
393 another Emacs without clobbering those files, and use it to examine them. | |
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394 |
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395 An easy way to see if too much text is being redrawn on a terminal is to |
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396 evaluate `(setq inverse-video t)' before you try the operation you think |
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397 will cause too much redrawing. This doesn't refresh the screen, so only |
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398 newly drawn text is in inverse video. |
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399 |
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400 The Emacs display code includes special debugging code, but it is |
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401 normally disabled. You can enable it by building Emacs with the |
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402 pre-processing symbol GLYPH_DEBUG defined. Here's one easy way, |
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403 suitable for Unix and GNU systems, to build such a debugging version: |
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404 |
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405 MYCPPFLAGS='-DGLYPH_DEBUG=1' make |
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406 |
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407 Building Emacs like that activates many assertions which scrutinize |
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408 display code operation more than Emacs does normally. (To see the |
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409 code which tests these assertions, look for calls to the `xassert' |
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410 macros.) Any assertion that is reported to fail should be |
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411 investigated. |
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412 |
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413 Building with GLYPH_DEBUG defined also defines several helper |
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414 functions which can help debugging display code. One such function is |
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415 `dump_glyph_matrix'. If you run Emacs under GDB, you can print the |
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416 contents of any glyph matrix by just calling that function with the |
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417 matrix as its argument. For example, the following command will print |
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418 the contents of the current matrix of the window whose pointer is in |
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419 `w': |
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420 |
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421 (gdb) p dump_glyph_matrix (w->current_matrix, 2) |
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422 |
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423 (The second argument 2 tells dump_glyph_matrix to print the glyphs in |
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424 a long form.) You can dump the selected window's current glyph matrix |
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425 interactively with "M-x dump-glyph-matrix RET"; see the documentation |
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426 of this function for more details. |
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427 |
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428 Several more functions for debugging display code are available in |
37565 | 429 Emacs compiled with GLYPH_DEBUG defined; type "C-h f dump- TAB" and |
430 "C-h f trace- TAB" to see the full list. | |
37509
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431 |
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432 |
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433 ** Debugging LessTif |
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434 |
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435 If you encounter bugs whereby Emacs built with LessTif grabs all mouse |
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436 and keyboard events, or LessTif menus behave weirdly, it might be |
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437 helpful to set the `DEBUGSOURCES' and `DEBUG_FILE' environment |
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438 variables, so that one can see what LessTif was doing at this point. |
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439 For instance |
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440 |
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441 export DEBUGSOURCES="RowColumn.c:MenuShell.c:MenuUtil.c" |
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442 export DEBUG_FILE=/usr/tmp/LESSTIF_TRACE |
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443 emacs & |
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444 |
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445 causes LessTif to print traces from the three named source files to a |
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446 file in `/usr/tmp' (that file can get pretty large). The above should |
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447 be typed at the shell prompt before invoking Emacs, as shown by the |
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448 last line above. |
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449 |
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450 Running GDB from another terminal could also help with such problems. |
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451 You can arrange for GDB to run on one machine, with the Emacs display |
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452 appearing on another. Then, when the bug happens, you can go back to |
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453 the machine where you started GDB and use the debugger from there. |
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454 |
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455 |
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456 ** Debugging problems which happen in GC |
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457 |
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458 The array `last_marked' (defined on alloc.c) can be used to display up |
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459 to 500 last objects marked by the garbage collection process. |
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460 Whenever the garbage collector marks a Lisp object, it records the |
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461 pointer to that object in the `last_marked' array. The variable |
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462 `last_marked_index' holds the index into the `last_marked' array one |
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463 place beyond where the pointer to the very last marked object is |
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464 stored. |
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465 |
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466 The single most important goal in debugging GC problems is to find the |
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467 Lisp data structure that got corrupted. This is not easy since GC |
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468 changes the tag bits and relocates strings which make it hard to look |
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469 at Lisp objects with commands such as `pr'. It is sometimes necessary |
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470 to convert Lisp_Object variables into pointers to C struct's manually. |
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471 Use the `last_marked' array and the source to reconstruct the sequence |
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472 that objects were marked. |
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473 |
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474 Once you discover the corrupted Lisp object or data structure, it is |
35861 | 475 useful to look at it in a fresh Emacs session and compare its contents |
476 with a session that you are debugging. | |
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477 |
37481 | 478 ** Debugging problems with non-ASCII characters |
479 | |
480 If you experience problems which seem to be related to non-ASCII | |
481 characters, such as \201 characters appearing in the buffer or in your | |
482 files, set the variable byte-debug-flag to t. This causes Emacs to do | |
483 some extra checks, such as look for broken relations between byte and | |
484 character positions in buffers and strings; the resulting diagnostics | |
485 might pinpoint the cause of the problem. | |
486 | |
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487 ** Debugging the TTY (non-windowed) version |
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488 |
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489 The most convenient method of debugging the character-terminal display |
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490 is to do that on a window system such as X. Begin by starting an |
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491 xterm window, then type these commands inside that window: |
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492 |
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493 $ tty |
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494 $ echo $TERM |
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495 |
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496 Let's say these commands print "/dev/ttyp4" and "xterm", respectively. |
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497 |
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498 Now start Emacs (the normal, windowed-display session, i.e. without |
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499 the `-nw' option), and invoke "M-x gdb RET emacs RET" from there. Now |
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500 type these commands at GDB's prompt: |
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501 |
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502 (gdb) set args -nw -t /dev/ttyp4 |
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503 (gdb) set environment TERM xterm |
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504 (gdb) run |
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505 |
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506 The debugged Emacs should now start in no-window mode with its display |
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507 directed to the xterm window you opened above. |
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508 |
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509 Similar arrangement is possible on a character terminal by using the |
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510 `screen' package. |
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511 |
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512 ** Running Emacs built with malloc debugging packages |
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513 |
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514 If Emacs exhibits bugs that seem to be related to use of memory |
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515 allocated off the heap, it might be useful to link Emacs with a |
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516 special debugging library, such as Electric Fence (a.k.a. efence) or |
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517 GNU Checker, which helps find such problems. |
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518 |
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519 Emacs compiled with such packages might not run without some hacking, |
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520 because Emacs replaces the system's memory allocation functions with |
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521 its own versions, and because the dumping process might be |
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522 incompatible with the way these packages use to track allocated |
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523 memory. Here are some of the changes you might find necessary |
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524 (SYSTEM-NAME and MACHINE-NAME are the names of your OS- and |
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525 CPU-specific headers in the subdirectories of `src'): |
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526 |
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527 - In src/s/SYSTEM-NAME.h add "#define SYSTEM_MALLOC". |
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528 |
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529 - In src/m/MACHINE-NAME.h add "#define CANNOT_DUMP" and |
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530 "#define CANNOT_UNEXEC". |
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531 |
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532 - Configure with a different --prefix= option. If you use GCC, |
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533 version 2.7.2 is preferred, as some malloc debugging packages |
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534 work a lot better with it than with 2.95 or later versions. |
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535 |
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536 - Type "make" then "make -k install". |
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537 |
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538 - If required, invoke the package-specific command to prepare |
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539 src/temacs for execution. |
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540 |
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541 - cd ..; src/temacs |
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542 |
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543 (Note that this runs `temacs' instead of the usual `emacs' executable. |
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544 This avoids problems with dumping Emacs mentioned above.) |
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545 |
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546 Some malloc debugging libraries might print lots of false alarms for |
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547 bitfields used by Emacs in some data structures. If you want to get |
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548 rid of the false alarms, you will have to hack the definitions of |
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549 these data structures on the respective headers to remove the `:N' |
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550 bitfield definitions (which will cause each such field to use a full |
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551 int). |
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552 |
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553 ** Some suggestions for debugging on MS Windows: |
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554 |
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555 (written by Marc Fleischeuers, Geoff Voelker and Andrew Innes) |
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556 |
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557 To debug Emacs with Microsoft Visual C++, you either start emacs from |
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558 the debugger or attach the debugger to a running emacs process. |
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559 |
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560 To start emacs from the debugger, you can use the file bin/debug.bat. |
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561 The Microsoft Developer studio will start and under Project, Settings, |
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562 Debug, General you can set the command-line arguments and Emacs's |
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563 startup directory. Set breakpoints (Edit, Breakpoints) at Fsignal and |
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564 other functions that you want to examine. Run the program (Build, |
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565 Start debug). Emacs will start and the debugger will take control as |
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566 soon as a breakpoint is hit. |
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567 |
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568 You can also attach the debugger to an already running Emacs process. |
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569 To do this, start up the Microsoft Developer studio and select Build, |
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570 Start debug, Attach to process. Choose the Emacs process from the |
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571 list. Send a break to the running process (Debug, Break) and you will |
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572 find that execution is halted somewhere in user32.dll. Open the stack |
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573 trace window and go up the stack to w32_msg_pump. Now you can set |
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574 breakpoints in Emacs (Edit, Breakpoints). Continue the running Emacs |
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575 process (Debug, Step out) and control will return to Emacs, until a |
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576 breakpoint is hit. |
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577 |
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578 To examine the contents of a Lisp variable, you can use the function |
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579 'debug_print'. Right-click on a variable, select QuickWatch (it has |
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580 an eyeglass symbol on its button in the toolbar), and in the text |
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581 field at the top of the window, place 'debug_print(' and ')' around |
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582 the expression. Press 'Recalculate' and the output is sent to stderr, |
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583 and to the debugger via the OutputDebugString routine. The output |
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584 sent to stderr should be displayed in the console window that was |
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585 opened when the emacs.exe executable was started. The output sent to |
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586 the debugger should be displayed in the 'Debug' pane in the Output |
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587 window. If Emacs was started from the debugger, a console window was |
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588 opened at Emacs' startup; this console window also shows the output of |
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589 'debug_print'. |
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590 |
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591 For example, start and run Emacs in the debugger until it is waiting |
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592 for user input. Then click on the `Break' button in the debugger to |
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593 halt execution. Emacs should halt in `ZwUserGetMessage' waiting for |
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594 an input event. Use the `Call Stack' window to select the procedure |
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595 `w32_msp_pump' up the call stack (see below for why you have to do |
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596 this). Open the QuickWatch window and enter |
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597 "debug_print(Vexec_path)". Evaluating this expression will then print |
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598 out the contents of the Lisp variable `exec-path'. |
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599 |
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600 If QuickWatch reports that the symbol is unknown, then check the call |
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601 stack in the `Call Stack' window. If the selected frame in the call |
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602 stack is not an Emacs procedure, then the debugger won't recognize |
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603 Emacs symbols. Instead, select a frame that is inside an Emacs |
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604 procedure and try using `debug_print' again. |
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605 |
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606 If QuickWatch invokes debug_print but nothing happens, then check the |
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607 thread that is selected in the debugger. If the selected thread is |
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608 not the last thread to run (the "current" thread), then it cannot be |
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609 used to execute debug_print. Use the Debug menu to select the current |
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610 thread and try using debug_print again. Note that the debugger halts |
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611 execution (e.g., due to a breakpoint) in the context of the current |
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612 thread, so this should only be a problem if you've explicitly switched |
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613 threads. |
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614 |
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615 It is also possible to keep appropriately masked and typecast Lisp |
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616 symbols in the Watch window, this is more convenient when steeping |
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617 though the code. For instance, on entering apply_lambda, you can |
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618 watch (struct Lisp_Symbol *) (0xfffffff & args[0]). |
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619 |
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620 Optimizations often confuse the MS debugger. For example, the |
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621 debugger will sometimes report wrong line numbers, e.g., when it |
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622 prints the backtrace for a crash. It is usually best to look at the |
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623 disassembly to determine exactly what code is being run--the |
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624 disassembly will probably show several source lines followed by a |
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625 block of assembler for those lines. The actual point where Emacs |
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626 crashes will be one of those source lines, but not neccesarily the one |
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627 that the debugger reports. |
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628 |
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629 Another problematic area with the MS debugger is with variables that |
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630 are stored in registers: it will sometimes display wrong values for |
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631 those variables. Usually you will not be able to see any value for a |
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632 register variable, but if it is only being stored in a register |
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633 temporarily, you will see an old value for it. Again, you need to |
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634 look at the disassembly to determine which registers are being used, |
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635 and look at those registers directly, to see the actual current values |
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636 of these variables. |