annotate lispref/modes.texi @ 90109:790c49ba39db

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1 @c -*-texinfo-*-
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2 @c This is part of the GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual.
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3 @c Copyright (C) 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1998, 1999,
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4 @c 2003, 2004, 2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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5 @c See the file elisp.texi for copying conditions.
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6 @setfilename ../info/modes
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7 @node Modes, Documentation, Keymaps, Top
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8 @chapter Major and Minor Modes
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9 @cindex mode
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10
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11 A @dfn{mode} is a set of definitions that customize Emacs and can be
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12 turned on and off while you edit. There are two varieties of modes:
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13 @dfn{major modes}, which are mutually exclusive and used for editing
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14 particular kinds of text, and @dfn{minor modes}, which provide features
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15 that users can enable individually.
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16
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17 This chapter describes how to write both major and minor modes, how to
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18 indicate them in the mode line, and how they run hooks supplied by the
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19 user. For related topics such as keymaps and syntax tables, see
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20 @ref{Keymaps}, and @ref{Syntax Tables}.
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21
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22 @menu
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23 * Major Modes:: Defining major modes.
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24 * Minor Modes:: Defining minor modes.
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25 * Mode Line Format:: Customizing the text that appears in the mode line.
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26 * Imenu:: How a mode can provide a menu
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27 of definitions in the buffer.
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28 * Font Lock Mode:: How modes can highlight text according to syntax.
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29 * Desktop Save Mode:: How modes can have buffer state saved between
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30 Emacs sessions.
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31 * Hooks:: How to use hooks; how to write code that provides hooks.
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32 @end menu
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33
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34 @node Major Modes
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35 @section Major Modes
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36 @cindex major mode
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37 @cindex Fundamental mode
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38
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39 Major modes specialize Emacs for editing particular kinds of text.
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40 Each buffer has only one major mode at a time. For each major mode
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41 there is a function to switch to that mode in the current buffer; its
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42 name should end in @samp{-mode}. These functions work by setting
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43 buffer-local variable bindings and other data associated with the
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44 buffer, such as a local keymap. The effect lasts until you switch
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45 to another major mode in the same buffer.
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46
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47 The least specialized major mode is called @dfn{Fundamental mode}.
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48 This mode has no mode-specific definitions or variable settings, so each
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49 Emacs command behaves in its default manner, and each option is in its
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50 default state. All other major modes redefine various keys and options.
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51 For example, Lisp Interaction mode provides special key bindings for
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52 @kbd{C-j} (@code{eval-print-last-sexp}), @key{TAB}
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53 (@code{lisp-indent-line}), and other keys.
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54
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55 When you need to write several editing commands to help you perform a
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56 specialized editing task, creating a new major mode is usually a good
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57 idea. In practice, writing a major mode is easy (in contrast to
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58 writing a minor mode, which is often difficult).
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59
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60 If the new mode is similar to an old one, it is often unwise to modify
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61 the old one to serve two purposes, since it may become harder to use and
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62 maintain. Instead, copy and rename an existing major mode definition
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63 and alter the copy---or define a @dfn{derived mode} (@pxref{Derived
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64 Modes}). For example, Rmail Edit mode, which is in
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65 @file{emacs/lisp/mail/rmailedit.el}, is a major mode that is very similar to
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66 Text mode except that it provides two additional commands. Its
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67 definition is distinct from that of Text mode, but uses that of Text mode.
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68
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69 Even if the new mode is not an obvious derivative of any other mode,
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70 it is convenient to use @code{define-derived-mode} with a @code{nil}
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71 parent argument, since it automatically enforces the most important
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72 coding conventions for you.
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73
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74 @findex define-generic-mode
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75 For a very simple programming language major mode that handles
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76 comments and fontification, you can use @code{define-generic-mode}
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77 in @file{generic.el}.
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78
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79 Rmail Edit mode offers an example of changing the major mode
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80 temporarily for a buffer, so it can be edited in a different way (with
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81 ordinary Emacs commands rather than Rmail commands). In such cases, the
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82 temporary major mode usually provides a command to switch back to the
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83 buffer's usual mode (Rmail mode, in this case). You might be tempted to
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84 present the temporary redefinitions inside a recursive edit and restore
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85 the usual ones when the user exits; but this is a bad idea because it
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86 constrains the user's options when it is done in more than one buffer:
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87 recursive edits must be exited most-recently-entered first. Using an
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88 alternative major mode avoids this limitation. @xref{Recursive
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89 Editing}.
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90
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91 The standard GNU Emacs Lisp library directory tree contains the code
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92 for several major modes, in files such as @file{text-mode.el},
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93 @file{texinfo.el}, @file{lisp-mode.el}, @file{c-mode.el}, and
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94 @file{rmail.el}. They are found in various subdirectories of the
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95 @file{lisp} directory. You can study these libraries to see how modes
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96 are written. Text mode is perhaps the simplest major mode aside from
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97 Fundamental mode. Rmail mode is a complicated and specialized mode.
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98
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99 @menu
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100 * Major Mode Conventions:: Coding conventions for keymaps, etc.
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101 * Example Major Modes:: Text mode and Lisp modes.
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102 * Auto Major Mode:: How Emacs chooses the major mode automatically.
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103 * Mode Help:: Finding out how to use a mode.
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104 * Derived Modes:: Defining a new major mode based on another major
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105 mode.
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106 * Mode Hooks:: Hooks run at the end of major mode functions.
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107 @end menu
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108
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109 @node Major Mode Conventions
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110 @subsection Major Mode Conventions
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111
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112 The code for existing major modes follows various coding conventions,
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113 including conventions for local keymap and syntax table initialization,
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114 global names, and hooks. Please follow these conventions when you
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115 define a new major mode.
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116
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117 This list of conventions is only partial, because each major mode
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118 should aim for consistency in general with other Emacs major modes.
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119 This makes Emacs as a whole more coherent. It is impossible to list
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120 here all the possible points where this issue might come up; if the
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121 Emacs developers point out an area where your major mode deviates from
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122 the usual conventions, please make it compatible.
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123
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124 @itemize @bullet
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125 @item
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126 Define a command whose name ends in @samp{-mode}, with no arguments,
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127 that switches to the new mode in the current buffer. This command
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128 should set up the keymap, syntax table, and buffer-local variables in an
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129 existing buffer, without changing the buffer's contents.
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130
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131 @item
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132 Write a documentation string for this command that describes the
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133 special commands available in this mode. @kbd{C-h m}
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134 (@code{describe-mode}) in your mode will display this string.
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135
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136 The documentation string may include the special documentation
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137 substrings, @samp{\[@var{command}]}, @samp{\@{@var{keymap}@}}, and
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138 @samp{\<@var{keymap}>}, which enable the documentation to adapt
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139 automatically to the user's own key bindings. @xref{Keys in
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140 Documentation}.
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141
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142 @item
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143 The major mode command should start by calling
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144 @code{kill-all-local-variables}. This is what gets rid of the
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145 buffer-local variables of the major mode previously in effect.
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146
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147 @item
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148 The major mode command should set the variable @code{major-mode} to the
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149 major mode command symbol. This is how @code{describe-mode} discovers
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150 which documentation to print.
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151
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152 @item
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153 The major mode command should set the variable @code{mode-name} to the
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154 ``pretty'' name of the mode, as a string. This string appears in the
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155 mode line.
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156
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157 @item
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158 @cindex functions in modes
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159 Since all global names are in the same name space, all the global
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160 variables, constants, and functions that are part of the mode should
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161 have names that start with the major mode name (or with an abbreviation
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162 of it if the name is long). @xref{Coding Conventions}.
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163
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164 @item
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165 In a major mode for editing some kind of structured text, such as a
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166 programming language, indentation of text according to structure is
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167 probably useful. So the mode should set @code{indent-line-function}
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168 to a suitable function, and probably customize other variables
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169 for indentation.
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170
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171 @item
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172 @cindex keymaps in modes
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173 The major mode should usually have its own keymap, which is used as the
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174 local keymap in all buffers in that mode. The major mode command should
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175 call @code{use-local-map} to install this local map. @xref{Active
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176 Keymaps}, for more information.
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177
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178 This keymap should be stored permanently in a global variable named
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179 @code{@var{modename}-mode-map}. Normally the library that defines the
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180 mode sets this variable.
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181
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182 @xref{Tips for Defining}, for advice about how to write the code to set
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183 up the mode's keymap variable.
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184
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185 @item
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186 The key sequences bound in a major mode keymap should usually start with
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187 @kbd{C-c}, followed by a control character, a digit, or @kbd{@{},
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188 @kbd{@}}, @kbd{<}, @kbd{>}, @kbd{:} or @kbd{;}. The other punctuation
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189 characters are reserved for minor modes, and ordinary letters are
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190 reserved for users.
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191
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192 A major mode can also rebind the keys @kbd{M-n}, @kbd{M-p} and
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193 @kbd{M-s}. The bindings for @kbd{M-n} and @kbd{M-p} should normally
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194 be some kind of ``moving forward and backward,'' but this does not
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195 necessarily mean cursor motion.
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196
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197 It is legitimate for a major mode to rebind a standard key sequence if
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198 it provides a command that does ``the same job'' in a way better
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199 suited to the text this mode is used for. For example, a major mode
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200 for editing a programming language might redefine @kbd{C-M-a} to
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201 ``move to the beginning of a function'' in a way that works better for
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202 that language.
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203
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204 It is also legitimate for a major mode to rebind a standard key
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205 sequence whose standard meaning is rarely useful in that mode. For
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206 instance, minibuffer modes rebind @kbd{M-r}, whose standard meaning is
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207 rarely of any use in the minibuffer. Major modes such as Dired or
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208 Rmail that do not allow self-insertion of text can reasonably redefine
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209 letters and other printing characters as special commands.
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210
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211 @item
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212 Major modes must not define @key{RET} to do anything other than insert
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213 a newline. The command to insert a newline and then indent is
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214 @kbd{C-j}. Please keep this distinction uniform for all major modes.
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215
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216 @item
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217 Major modes should not alter options that are primarily a matter of user
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218 preference, such as whether Auto-Fill mode is enabled. Leave this to
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219 each user to decide. However, a major mode should customize other
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220 variables so that Auto-Fill mode will work usefully @emph{if} the user
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221 decides to use it.
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222
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223 @item
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224 @cindex syntax tables in modes
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225 The mode may have its own syntax table or may share one with other
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226 related modes. If it has its own syntax table, it should store this in
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227 a variable named @code{@var{modename}-mode-syntax-table}. @xref{Syntax
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228 Tables}.
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229
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230 @item
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231 If the mode handles a language that has a syntax for comments, it should
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232 set the variables that define the comment syntax. @xref{Options for
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233 Comments,, Options Controlling Comments, emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}.
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234
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235 @item
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236 @cindex abbrev tables in modes
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237 The mode may have its own abbrev table or may share one with other
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238 related modes. If it has its own abbrev table, it should store this
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239 in a variable named @code{@var{modename}-mode-abbrev-table}. If the
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240 major mode command defines any abbrevs itself, it should pass @code{t}
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241 for the @var{system-flag} argument to @code{define-abbrev}.
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242 @xref{Abbrev Tables}.
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243
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244 @item
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245 The mode should specify how to do highlighting for Font Lock mode, by
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246 setting up a buffer-local value for the variable
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247 @code{font-lock-defaults} (@pxref{Font Lock Mode}).
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248
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249 @item
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250 The mode should specify how Imenu should find the definitions or
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251 sections of a buffer, by setting up a buffer-local value for the
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252 variable @code{imenu-generic-expression}, for the pair of variables
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253 @code{imenu-prev-index-position-function} and
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254 @code{imenu-extract-index-name-function}, or for the variable
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255 @code{imenu-create-index-function} (@pxref{Imenu}).
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256
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257 @item
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258 Use @code{defvar} or @code{defcustom} to set mode-related variables, so
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259 that they are not reinitialized if they already have a value. (Such
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260 reinitialization could discard customizations made by the user.)
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261
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262 @item
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263 @cindex buffer-local variables in modes
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264 To make a buffer-local binding for an Emacs customization variable, use
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265 @code{make-local-variable} in the major mode command, not
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266 @code{make-variable-buffer-local}. The latter function would make the
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267 variable local to every buffer in which it is subsequently set, which
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268 would affect buffers that do not use this mode. It is undesirable for a
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269 mode to have such global effects. @xref{Buffer-Local Variables}.
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270
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271 With rare exceptions, the only reasonable way to use
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272 @code{make-variable-buffer-local} in a Lisp package is for a variable
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273 which is used only within that package. Using it on a variable used by
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274 other packages would interfere with them.
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275
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276 @item
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277 @cindex mode hook
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278 @cindex major mode hook
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279 Each major mode should have a @dfn{mode hook} named
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280 @code{@var{modename}-mode-hook}. The major mode command should run that
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281 hook, with @code{run-mode-hooks}, as the very last thing it
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282 does. @xref{Mode Hooks}.
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283
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284 @item
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285 The major mode command may start by calling some other major mode
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286 command (called the @dfn{parent mode}) and then alter some of its
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287 settings. A mode that does this is called a @dfn{derived mode}. The
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288 recommended way to define one is to use @code{define-derived-mode},
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289 but this is not required. Such a mode should use
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290 @code{delay-mode-hooks} around its entire body (including the call to
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291 the parent mode command) @emph{except} for the final call to
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292 @code{run-mode-hooks}, which runs the derived mode's hook. (Using
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293 @code{define-derived-mode} does this automatically.) @xref{Derived
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294 Modes}, and @ref{Mode Hooks}.
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295
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296 @item
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297 If something special should be done if the user switches a buffer from
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298 this mode to any other major mode, this mode can set up a buffer-local
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299 value for @code{change-major-mode-hook} (@pxref{Creating Buffer-Local}).
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300
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301 @item
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302 If this mode is appropriate only for specially-prepared text, then the
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303 major mode command symbol should have a property named @code{mode-class}
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304 with value @code{special}, put on as follows:
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305
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306 @kindex mode-class @r{(property)}
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307 @cindex @code{special}
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308 @example
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309 (put 'funny-mode 'mode-class 'special)
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310 @end example
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311
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312 @noindent
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313 This tells Emacs that new buffers created while the current buffer is
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314 in Funny mode should not inherit Funny mode, in case
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315 @code{default-major-mode} is @code{nil}. Modes such as Dired, Rmail,
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316 and Buffer List use this feature.
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317
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318 @item
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319 If you want to make the new mode the default for files with certain
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320 recognizable names, add an element to @code{auto-mode-alist} to select
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321 the mode for those file names. If you define the mode command to
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322 autoload, you should add this element in the same file that calls
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323 @code{autoload}. Otherwise, it is sufficient to add the element in the
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324 file that contains the mode definition. @xref{Auto Major Mode}.
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325
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326 @item
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327 In the comments that document the file, you should provide a sample
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328 @code{autoload} form and an example of how to add to
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329 @code{auto-mode-alist}, that users can include in their init files
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330 (@pxref{Init File}).
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331
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332 @item
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333 @cindex mode loading
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334 The top-level forms in the file defining the mode should be written so
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335 that they may be evaluated more than once without adverse consequences.
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336 Even if you never load the file more than once, someone else will.
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337 @end itemize
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338
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339 @node Example Major Modes
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340 @subsection Major Mode Examples
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341
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342 Text mode is perhaps the simplest mode besides Fundamental mode.
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343 Here are excerpts from @file{text-mode.el} that illustrate many of
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344 the conventions listed above:
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345
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346 @smallexample
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347 @group
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348 ;; @r{Create the syntax table for this mode.}
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349 (defvar text-mode-syntax-table
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350 (let ((st (make-syntax-table)))
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351 (modify-syntax-entry ?\" ". " st)
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352 (modify-syntax-entry ?\\ ". " st)
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353 ;; We add `p' so that M-c on 'hello' leads to 'Hello' rather than 'hello'.
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354 (modify-syntax-entry ?' "w p" st)
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355 st)
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356 "Syntax table used while in `text-mode'.")
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357 @end group
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358
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359 ;; @r{Create the keymap for this mode.}
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360 @group
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361 (defvar text-mode-map
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362 (let ((map (make-sparse-keymap)))
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363 (define-key map "\e\t" 'ispell-complete-word)
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364 (define-key map "\es" 'center-line)
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365 (define-key map "\eS" 'center-paragraph)
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366 map)
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367 "Keymap for `text-mode'.
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368 Many other modes, such as `mail-mode', `outline-mode' and `indented-text-mode',
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369 inherit all the commands defined in this map.")
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370 @end group
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371 @end smallexample
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372
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373 Here is how the actual mode command is defined now:
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374
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375 @smallexample
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376 @group
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377 (define-derived-mode text-mode nil "Text"
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378 "Major mode for editing text written for humans to read.
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379 In this mode, paragraphs are delimited only by blank or white lines.
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380 You can thus get the full benefit of adaptive filling
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381 (see the variable `adaptive-fill-mode').
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382 \\@{text-mode-map@}
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383 Turning on Text mode runs the normal hook `text-mode-hook'."
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384 @end group
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385 @group
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386 (make-local-variable 'text-mode-variant)
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387 (setq text-mode-variant t)
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388 ;; @r{These two lines are a feature added recently.}
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389 (set (make-local-variable 'require-final-newline)
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390 mode-require-final-newline)
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391 (set (make-local-variable 'indent-line-function) 'indent-relative))
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392 @end group
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393 @end smallexample
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394
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395 But here is how it was defined formerly, before
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396 @code{define-derived-mode} existed:
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397
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398 @smallexample
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399 @group
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400 ;; @r{This isn't needed nowadays, since @code{define-derived-mode} does it.}
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401 (defvar text-mode-abbrev-table nil
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402 "Abbrev table used while in text mode.")
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403 (define-abbrev-table 'text-mode-abbrev-table ())
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404 @end group
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405
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406 @group
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407 (defun text-mode ()
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408 "Major mode for editing text intended for humans to read...
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409 Special commands: \\@{text-mode-map@}
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410 @end group
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411 @group
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412 Turning on text-mode runs the hook `text-mode-hook'."
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413 (interactive)
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414 (kill-all-local-variables)
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415 (use-local-map text-mode-map)
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416 @end group
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417 @group
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418 (setq local-abbrev-table text-mode-abbrev-table)
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419 (set-syntax-table text-mode-syntax-table)
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420 @end group
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421 @group
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422 ;; @r{These four lines are absent from the current version}
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423 ;; @r{not because this is done some other way, but rather}
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424 ;; @r{because nowadays Text mode uses the normal definition of paragraphs.}
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425 (make-local-variable 'paragraph-start)
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426 (setq paragraph-start (concat "[ \t]*$\\|" page-delimiter))
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427 (make-local-variable 'paragraph-separate)
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428 (setq paragraph-separate paragraph-start)
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429 (make-local-variable 'indent-line-function)
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430 (setq indent-line-function 'indent-relative-maybe)
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431 @end group
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432 @group
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433 (setq mode-name "Text")
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diff changeset
434 (setq major-mode 'text-mode)
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435 (run-mode-hooks 'text-mode-hook)) ; @r{Finally, this permits the user to}
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436 ; @r{customize the mode with a hook.}
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437 @end group
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438 @end smallexample
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439
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440 @cindex @file{lisp-mode.el}
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441 The three Lisp modes (Lisp mode, Emacs Lisp mode, and Lisp
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442 Interaction mode) have more features than Text mode and the code is
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443 correspondingly more complicated. Here are excerpts from
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444 @file{lisp-mode.el} that illustrate how these modes are written.
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445
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446 @cindex syntax table example
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447 @smallexample
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448 @group
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449 ;; @r{Create mode-specific table variables.}
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450 (defvar lisp-mode-syntax-table nil "")
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451 (defvar lisp-mode-abbrev-table nil "")
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452 @end group
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453
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454 @group
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455 (defvar emacs-lisp-mode-syntax-table
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456 (let ((table (make-syntax-table)))
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457 (let ((i 0))
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458 @end group
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459
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460 @group
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461 ;; @r{Set syntax of chars up to @samp{0} to say they are}
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462 ;; @r{part of symbol names but not words.}
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463 ;; @r{(The digit @samp{0} is @code{48} in the @acronym{ASCII} character set.)}
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464 (while (< i ?0)
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465 (modify-syntax-entry i "_ " table)
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466 (setq i (1+ i)))
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467 ;; @r{@dots{} similar code follows for other character ranges.}
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468 @end group
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469 @group
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470 ;; @r{Then set the syntax codes for characters that are special in Lisp.}
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471 (modify-syntax-entry ? " " table)
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472 (modify-syntax-entry ?\t " " table)
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473 (modify-syntax-entry ?\f " " table)
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474 (modify-syntax-entry ?\n "> " table)
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475 @end group
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476 @group
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477 ;; @r{Give CR the same syntax as newline, for selective-display.}
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478 (modify-syntax-entry ?\^m "> " table)
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diff changeset
479 (modify-syntax-entry ?\; "< " table)
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480 (modify-syntax-entry ?` "' " table)
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481 (modify-syntax-entry ?' "' " table)
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482 (modify-syntax-entry ?, "' " table)
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483 @end group
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484 @group
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485 ;; @r{@dots{}likewise for many other characters@dots{}}
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486 (modify-syntax-entry ?\( "() " table)
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487 (modify-syntax-entry ?\) ")( " table)
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488 (modify-syntax-entry ?\[ "(] " table)
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489 (modify-syntax-entry ?\] ")[ " table))
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490 table))
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491 @end group
59963
2bc848857427 (Example Major Modes): Fix typos.
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diff changeset
492 @group
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493 ;; @r{Create an abbrev table for lisp-mode.}
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494 (define-abbrev-table 'lisp-mode-abbrev-table ())
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495 @end group
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496 @end smallexample
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497
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498 Much code is shared among the three Lisp modes. The following
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499 function sets various variables; it is called by each of the major Lisp
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500 mode functions:
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501
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502 @smallexample
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503 @group
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504 (defun lisp-mode-variables (lisp-syntax)
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diff changeset
505 (when lisp-syntax
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506 (set-syntax-table lisp-mode-syntax-table))
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diff changeset
507 (setq local-abbrev-table lisp-mode-abbrev-table)
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508 @dots{}
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509 @end group
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510 @end smallexample
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diff changeset
511
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512 Functions such as @code{forward-paragraph} use the value of the
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513 @code{paragraph-start} variable. Since Lisp code is different from
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514 ordinary text, the @code{paragraph-start} variable needs to be set
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515 specially to handle Lisp. Also, comments are indented in a special
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516 fashion in Lisp and the Lisp modes need their own mode-specific
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517 @code{comment-indent-function}. The code to set these variables is the
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518 rest of @code{lisp-mode-variables}.
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519
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diff changeset
520 @smallexample
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521 @group
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diff changeset
522 (make-local-variable 'paragraph-start)
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523 (setq paragraph-start (concat page-delimiter "\\|$" ))
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diff changeset
524 (make-local-variable 'paragraph-separate)
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525 (setq paragraph-separate paragraph-start)
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526 @dots{}
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diff changeset
527 @end group
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diff changeset
528 @group
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diff changeset
529 (make-local-variable 'comment-indent-function)
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parents:
diff changeset
530 (setq comment-indent-function 'lisp-comment-indent))
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diff changeset
531 @dots{}
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532 @end group
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533 @end smallexample
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diff changeset
534
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535 Each of the different Lisp modes has a slightly different keymap. For
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536 example, Lisp mode binds @kbd{C-c C-z} to @code{run-lisp}, but the other
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537 Lisp modes do not. However, all Lisp modes have some commands in
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diff changeset
538 common. The following code sets up the common commands:
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539
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540 @smallexample
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diff changeset
541 @group
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diff changeset
542 (defvar shared-lisp-mode-map ()
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diff changeset
543 "Keymap for commands shared by all sorts of Lisp modes.")
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544
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545 ;; @r{Putting this @code{if} after the @code{defvar} is an older style.}
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546 (if shared-lisp-mode-map
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547 ()
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
548 (setq shared-lisp-mode-map (make-sparse-keymap))
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diff changeset
549 (define-key shared-lisp-mode-map "\e\C-q" 'indent-sexp)
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diff changeset
550 (define-key shared-lisp-mode-map "\177"
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551 'backward-delete-char-untabify))
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552 @end group
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553 @end smallexample
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diff changeset
554
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555 @noindent
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
556 And here is the code to set up the keymap for Lisp mode:
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557
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558 @smallexample
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559 @group
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560 (defvar lisp-mode-map ()
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561 "Keymap for ordinary Lisp mode...")
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562
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563 (if lisp-mode-map
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564 ()
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565 (setq lisp-mode-map (make-sparse-keymap))
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566 (set-keymap-parent lisp-mode-map shared-lisp-mode-map)
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567 (define-key lisp-mode-map "\e\C-x" 'lisp-eval-defun)
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diff changeset
568 (define-key lisp-mode-map "\C-c\C-z" 'run-lisp))
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569 @end group
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diff changeset
570 @end smallexample
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571
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diff changeset
572 Finally, here is the complete major mode function definition for
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diff changeset
573 Lisp mode.
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parents:
diff changeset
574
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diff changeset
575 @smallexample
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576 @group
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577 (defun lisp-mode ()
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578 "Major mode for editing Lisp code for Lisps other than GNU Emacs Lisp.
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579 Commands:
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580 Delete converts tabs to spaces as it moves back.
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581 Blank lines separate paragraphs. Semicolons start comments.
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582 \\@{lisp-mode-map@}
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583 Note that `run-lisp' may be used either to start an inferior Lisp job
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584 or to switch back to an existing one.
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585 @end group
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586
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587 @group
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588 Entry to this mode calls the value of `lisp-mode-hook'
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589 if that value is non-nil."
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590 (interactive)
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591 (kill-all-local-variables)
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592 @end group
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593 @group
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594 (use-local-map lisp-mode-map) ; @r{Select the mode's keymap.}
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595 (setq major-mode 'lisp-mode) ; @r{This is how @code{describe-mode}}
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596 ; @r{finds out what to describe.}
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597 (setq mode-name "Lisp") ; @r{This goes into the mode line.}
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598 (lisp-mode-variables t) ; @r{This defines various variables.}
59942
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599 (make-local-variable 'comment-start-skip)
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600 (setq comment-start-skip
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601 "\\(\\(^\\|[^\\\\\n]\\)\\(\\\\\\\\\\)*\\)\\(;+\\|#|\\) *")
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parents: 59516
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602 (make-local-variable 'font-lock-keywords-case-fold-search)
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603 (setq font-lock-keywords-case-fold-search t)
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604 @end group
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605 @group
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606 (setq imenu-case-fold-search t)
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607 (set-syntax-table lisp-mode-syntax-table)
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3039afbb0746 (Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
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608 (run-mode-hooks 'lisp-mode-hook)) ; @r{This permits the user to use a}
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609 ; @r{hook to customize the mode.}
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610 @end group
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611 @end smallexample
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612
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613 @node Auto Major Mode
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614 @subsection How Emacs Chooses a Major Mode
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615
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616 Based on information in the file name or in the file itself, Emacs
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617 automatically selects a major mode for the new buffer when a file is
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618 visited. It also processes local variables specified in the file text.
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619
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620 @deffn Command fundamental-mode
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621 Fundamental mode is a major mode that is not specialized for anything
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622 in particular. Other major modes are defined in effect by comparison
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623 with this one---their definitions say what to change, starting from
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624 Fundamental mode. The @code{fundamental-mode} function does @emph{not}
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3497eca006fe Various minor changes in addition to:
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diff changeset
625 run any mode hooks; you're not supposed to customize it. (If you want Emacs
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626 to behave differently in Fundamental mode, change the @emph{global}
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627 state of Emacs.)
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628 @end deffn
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629
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630 @deffn Command normal-mode &optional find-file
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631 This function establishes the proper major mode and buffer-local variable
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632 bindings for the current buffer. First it calls @code{set-auto-mode},
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633 then it runs @code{hack-local-variables} to parse, and bind or
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634 evaluate as appropriate, the file's local variables.
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635
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636 If the @var{find-file} argument to @code{normal-mode} is non-@code{nil},
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637 @code{normal-mode} assumes that the @code{find-file} function is calling
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638 it. In this case, it may process a local variables list at the end of
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639 the file and in the @samp{-*-} line. The variable
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640 @code{enable-local-variables} controls whether to do so. @xref{File
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641 variables, , Local Variables in Files, emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}, for
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642 the syntax of the local variables section of a file.
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643
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644 If you run @code{normal-mode} interactively, the argument
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645 @var{find-file} is normally @code{nil}. In this case,
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646 @code{normal-mode} unconditionally processes any local variables list.
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647
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648 @cindex file mode specification error
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649 @code{normal-mode} uses @code{condition-case} around the call to the
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650 major mode function, so errors are caught and reported as a @samp{File
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651 mode specification error}, followed by the original error message.
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652 @end deffn
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653
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654 @defun set-auto-mode
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655 @cindex visited file mode
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656 This function selects the major mode that is appropriate for the
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657 current buffer. It may base its decision on the value of the @w{@samp{-*-}}
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658 line, on the visited file name (using @code{auto-mode-alist}), on the
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diff changeset
659 @w{@samp{#!}} line (using @code{interpreter-mode-alist}), or on the
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diff changeset
660 file's local variables list. However, this function does not look for
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661 the @samp{mode:} local variable near the end of a file; the
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662 @code{hack-local-variables} function does that. @xref{Choosing Modes, ,
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663 How Major Modes are Chosen, emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}.
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664 @end defun
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665
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666 @defopt default-major-mode
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667 This variable holds the default major mode for new buffers. The
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668 standard value is @code{fundamental-mode}.
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669
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diff changeset
670 If the value of @code{default-major-mode} is @code{nil}, Emacs uses
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671 the (previously) current buffer's major mode for the major mode of a new
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diff changeset
672 buffer. However, if that major mode symbol has a @code{mode-class}
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673 property with value @code{special}, then it is not used for new buffers;
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674 Fundamental mode is used instead. The modes that have this property are
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parents:
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675 those such as Dired and Rmail that are useful only with text that has
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676 been specially prepared.
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677 @end defopt
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678
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diff changeset
679 @defun set-buffer-major-mode buffer
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680 This function sets the major mode of @var{buffer} to the value of
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parents: 8960
diff changeset
681 @code{default-major-mode}. If that variable is @code{nil}, it uses
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parents: 8960
diff changeset
682 the current buffer's major mode (if that is suitable).
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683
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diff changeset
684 The low-level primitives for creating buffers do not use this function,
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diff changeset
685 but medium-level commands such as @code{switch-to-buffer} and
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686 @code{find-file-noselect} use it whenever they create buffers.
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687 @end defun
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diff changeset
688
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689 @defvar initial-major-mode
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690 @cindex @samp{*scratch*}
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691 The value of this variable determines the major mode of the initial
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692 @samp{*scratch*} buffer. The value should be a symbol that is a major
21007
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diff changeset
693 mode command. The default value is @code{lisp-interaction-mode}.
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694 @end defvar
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parents:
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695
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696 @defvar auto-mode-alist
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parents:
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697 This variable contains an association list of file name patterns
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parents:
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698 (regular expressions; @pxref{Regular Expressions}) and corresponding
21007
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diff changeset
699 major mode commands. Usually, the file name patterns test for suffixes,
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parents: 17278
diff changeset
700 such as @samp{.el} and @samp{.c}, but this need not be the case. An
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parents: 17278
diff changeset
701 ordinary element of the alist looks like @code{(@var{regexp} .
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diff changeset
702 @var{mode-function})}.
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parents:
diff changeset
703
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parents:
diff changeset
704 For example,
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parents:
diff changeset
705
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parents:
diff changeset
706 @smallexample
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parents:
diff changeset
707 @group
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diff changeset
708 (("\\`/tmp/fol/" . text-mode)
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parents: 8016
diff changeset
709 ("\\.texinfo\\'" . texinfo-mode)
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parents: 8016
diff changeset
710 ("\\.texi\\'" . texinfo-mode)
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711 @end group
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712 @group
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parents: 8016
diff changeset
713 ("\\.el\\'" . emacs-lisp-mode)
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parents: 48700
diff changeset
714 ("\\.c\\'" . c-mode)
8505
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parents: 8016
diff changeset
715 ("\\.h\\'" . c-mode)
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diff changeset
716 @dots{})
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parents:
diff changeset
717 @end group
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parents:
diff changeset
718 @end smallexample
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parents:
diff changeset
719
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parents:
diff changeset
720 When you visit a file whose expanded file name (@pxref{File Name
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parents:
diff changeset
721 Expansion}) matches a @var{regexp}, @code{set-auto-mode} calls the
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parents:
diff changeset
722 corresponding @var{mode-function}. This feature enables Emacs to select
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parents:
diff changeset
723 the proper major mode for most files.
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parents:
diff changeset
724
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parents:
diff changeset
725 If an element of @code{auto-mode-alist} has the form @code{(@var{regexp}
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parents:
diff changeset
726 @var{function} t)}, then after calling @var{function}, Emacs searches
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
727 @code{auto-mode-alist} again for a match against the portion of the file
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
728 name that did not match before. This feature is useful for
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
729 uncompression packages: an entry of the form @code{("\\.gz\\'"
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
730 @var{function} t)} can uncompress the file and then put the uncompressed
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
731 file in the proper mode according to the name sans @samp{.gz}.
6451
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
732
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
733 Here is an example of how to prepend several pattern pairs to
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
734 @code{auto-mode-alist}. (You might use this sort of expression in your
25875
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25751
diff changeset
735 init file.)
6451
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parents:
diff changeset
736
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
737 @smallexample
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
738 @group
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
739 (setq auto-mode-alist
49600
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 48700
diff changeset
740 (append
21007
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
741 ;; @r{File name (within directory) starts with a dot.}
49600
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 48700
diff changeset
742 '(("/\\.[^/]*\\'" . fundamental-mode)
7253
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6451
diff changeset
743 ;; @r{File name has no dot.}
49600
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 48700
diff changeset
744 ("[^\\./]*\\'" . fundamental-mode)
7253
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6451
diff changeset
745 ;; @r{File name ends in @samp{.C}.}
8505
d3f7cadf8c95 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 8016
diff changeset
746 ("\\.C\\'" . c++-mode))
6451
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
747 auto-mode-alist))
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
748 @end group
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
749 @end smallexample
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
750 @end defvar
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
751
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
752 @defvar interpreter-mode-alist
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
753 This variable specifies major modes to use for scripts that specify a
24934
f5e3b4ecd255 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 22274
diff changeset
754 command interpreter in a @samp{#!} line. Its value is a list of
6451
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
755 elements of the form @code{(@var{interpreter} . @var{mode})}; for
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
756 example, @code{("perl" . perl-mode)} is one element present by default.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
757 The element says to use mode @var{mode} if the file specifies
21007
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
758 an interpreter which matches @var{interpreter}. The value of
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
759 @var{interpreter} is actually a regular expression.
6451
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parents:
diff changeset
760
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6451
diff changeset
761 This variable is applicable only when the @code{auto-mode-alist} does
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6451
diff changeset
762 not indicate which major mode to use.
6451
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parents:
diff changeset
763 @end defvar
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
764
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
765 @node Mode Help
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
766 @subsection Getting Help about a Major Mode
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
767 @cindex mode help
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
768 @cindex help for major mode
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
769 @cindex documentation for major mode
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
770
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
771 The @code{describe-mode} function is used to provide information
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
772 about major modes. It is normally called with @kbd{C-h m}. The
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
773 @code{describe-mode} function uses the value of @code{major-mode},
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
774 which is why every major mode function needs to set the
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
775 @code{major-mode} variable.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
776
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
777 @deffn Command describe-mode
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
778 This function displays the documentation of the current major mode.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
779
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
780 The @code{describe-mode} function calls the @code{documentation}
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
781 function using the value of @code{major-mode} as an argument. Thus, it
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
782 displays the documentation string of the major mode function.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
783 (@xref{Accessing Documentation}.)
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
784 @end deffn
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
785
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
786 @defvar major-mode
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
787 This variable holds the symbol for the current buffer's major mode.
7253
6ba87aed7836 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6451
diff changeset
788 This symbol should have a function definition that is the command to
6451
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
789 switch to that major mode. The @code{describe-mode} function uses the
7253
6ba87aed7836 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6451
diff changeset
790 documentation string of the function as the documentation of the major
6451
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
791 mode.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
792 @end defvar
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
793
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
794 @node Derived Modes
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
795 @subsection Defining Derived Modes
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
796
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
797 It's often useful to define a new major mode in terms of an existing
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
798 one. An easy way to do this is to use @code{define-derived-mode}.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
799
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parents: 6451
diff changeset
800 @defmac define-derived-mode variant parent name docstring body@dots{}
6451
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
801 This construct defines @var{variant} as a major mode command, using
7253
6ba87aed7836 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6451
diff changeset
802 @var{name} as the string form of the mode name.
6451
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
803
7253
6ba87aed7836 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6451
diff changeset
804 The new command @var{variant} is defined to call the function
6ba87aed7836 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6451
diff changeset
805 @var{parent}, then override certain aspects of that parent mode:
6451
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
806
49600
23a1cea22d13 Trailing whitespace deleted.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 48700
diff changeset
807 @itemize @bullet
6451
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
808 @item
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
809 The new mode has its own keymap, named @code{@var{variant}-map}.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
810 @code{define-derived-mode} initializes this map to inherit from
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
811 @code{@var{parent}-map}, if it is not already set.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
812
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
813 @item
7253
6ba87aed7836 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 6451
diff changeset
814 The new mode has its own syntax table, kept in the variable
6451
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
815 @code{@var{variant}-syntax-table}.
49600
23a1cea22d13 Trailing whitespace deleted.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 48700
diff changeset
816 @code{define-derived-mode} initializes this variable by copying
6451
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
817 @code{@var{parent}-syntax-table}, if it is not already set.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
818
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parents:
diff changeset
819 @item
7253
6ba87aed7836 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6451
diff changeset
820 The new mode has its own abbrev table, kept in the variable
6451
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parents:
diff changeset
821 @code{@var{variant}-abbrev-table}.
49600
23a1cea22d13 Trailing whitespace deleted.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 48700
diff changeset
822 @code{define-derived-mode} initializes this variable by copying
6451
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
823 @code{@var{parent}-abbrev-table}, if it is not already set.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
824
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
825 @item
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
826 The new mode has its own mode hook, @code{@var{variant}-hook},
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
827 which it runs in standard fashion as the very last thing that it does.
49600
23a1cea22d13 Trailing whitespace deleted.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 48700
diff changeset
828 (The new mode also runs the mode hook of @var{parent} as part
6451
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
829 of calling @var{parent}.)
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
830 @end itemize
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
831
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
832 In addition, you can specify how to override other aspects of
7253
6ba87aed7836 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6451
diff changeset
833 @var{parent} with @var{body}. The command @var{variant}
49600
23a1cea22d13 Trailing whitespace deleted.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 48700
diff changeset
834 evaluates the forms in @var{body} after setting up all its usual
6451
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
835 overrides, just before running @code{@var{variant}-hook}.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
836
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
837 The argument @var{docstring} specifies the documentation string for the
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
838 new mode. If you omit @var{docstring}, @code{define-derived-mode}
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
839 generates a documentation string.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
840
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
841 Here is a hypothetical example:
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
842
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
843 @example
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
844 (define-derived-mode hypertext-mode
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parents:
diff changeset
845 text-mode "Hypertext"
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
846 "Major mode for hypertext.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
847 \\@{hypertext-mode-map@}"
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
848 (setq case-fold-search nil))
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
849
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
850 (define-key hypertext-mode-map
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
851 [down-mouse-3] 'do-hyper-link)
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
852 @end example
40928
ebfea94f75d4 Don't write explicit (interactive) in defining a derived mode.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 39793
diff changeset
853
ebfea94f75d4 Don't write explicit (interactive) in defining a derived mode.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 39793
diff changeset
854 Do not write an @code{interactive} spec in the definition;
ebfea94f75d4 Don't write explicit (interactive) in defining a derived mode.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 39793
diff changeset
855 @code{define-derived-mode} does that automatically.
6451
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parents:
diff changeset
856 @end defmac
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
857
57213
3497eca006fe Various minor changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56768
diff changeset
858 @node Mode Hooks
3497eca006fe Various minor changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56768
diff changeset
859 @subsection Mode Hooks
3497eca006fe Various minor changes in addition to:
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parents: 56768
diff changeset
860
3497eca006fe Various minor changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56768
diff changeset
861 The two last things a major mode function does is to run its mode
3497eca006fe Various minor changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56768
diff changeset
862 hook and finally the mode independent normal hook
3497eca006fe Various minor changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56768
diff changeset
863 @code{after-change-major-mode-hook}. If the major mode is a derived
3497eca006fe Various minor changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56768
diff changeset
864 mode, that is if it calls another major mode (the parent mode) in its
3497eca006fe Various minor changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56768
diff changeset
865 body, then the parent's mode hook is run just before the derived
3497eca006fe Various minor changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56768
diff changeset
866 mode's hook. Neither the parent's mode hook nor
3497eca006fe Various minor changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56768
diff changeset
867 @code{after-change-major-mode-hook} are run at the end of the actual
3497eca006fe Various minor changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56768
diff changeset
868 call to the parent mode. This applies recursively if the parent mode
3497eca006fe Various minor changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56768
diff changeset
869 has itself a parent. That is, the mode hooks of all major modes called
3497eca006fe Various minor changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56768
diff changeset
870 directly or indirectly by the major mode function are all run in
3497eca006fe Various minor changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56768
diff changeset
871 sequence at the end, just before @code{after-change-major-mode-hook}.
3497eca006fe Various minor changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56768
diff changeset
872
3497eca006fe Various minor changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56768
diff changeset
873 If you are customizing a major mode, rather than defining one, the
3497eca006fe Various minor changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56768
diff changeset
874 above is all you need to know about the hooks run at the end of a
3497eca006fe Various minor changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56768
diff changeset
875 major mode. This also applies if you use @code{define-derived-mode}
3497eca006fe Various minor changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56768
diff changeset
876 to define a major mode, because that macro will automatically
3497eca006fe Various minor changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56768
diff changeset
877 implement the above for you.
3497eca006fe Various minor changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56768
diff changeset
878
3497eca006fe Various minor changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56768
diff changeset
879 Programmers wishing to define a major mode without using
3497eca006fe Various minor changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56768
diff changeset
880 @code{define-derived-mode}, should make sure that their major mode
3497eca006fe Various minor changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56768
diff changeset
881 follows the above conventions. @xref{Major Mode Conventions}, for how
3497eca006fe Various minor changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56768
diff changeset
882 this should be accomplished. Below, we give some implementation
3497eca006fe Various minor changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56768
diff changeset
883 details.
3497eca006fe Various minor changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56768
diff changeset
884
3497eca006fe Various minor changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56768
diff changeset
885 @defun run-mode-hooks &rest hookvars
3497eca006fe Various minor changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56768
diff changeset
886 Major modes should run their mode hook using this function. It is
3497eca006fe Various minor changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56768
diff changeset
887 similar to @code{run-hooks} (@pxref{Hooks}), but if run inside a
3497eca006fe Various minor changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56768
diff changeset
888 @code{delay-mode-hooks} form, this function does not run any hooks.
3497eca006fe Various minor changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56768
diff changeset
889 Instead, it arranges for @var{hookvars} to be run at a later call to
3497eca006fe Various minor changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56768
diff changeset
890 the function. Otherwise, @code{run-mode-hooks} runs any delayed hooks
3497eca006fe Various minor changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56768
diff changeset
891 in order, then @var{hookvars} and finally
3497eca006fe Various minor changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56768
diff changeset
892 @code{after-change-major-mode-hook}.
3497eca006fe Various minor changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56768
diff changeset
893 @end defun
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Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56768
diff changeset
894
3497eca006fe Various minor changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56768
diff changeset
895 @defmac delay-mode-hooks body...
3497eca006fe Various minor changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56768
diff changeset
896 This macro executes @var{body} like @code{progn}, but all calls to
3497eca006fe Various minor changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56768
diff changeset
897 @code{run-mode-hooks} inside @var{body} delay running their hooks.
3497eca006fe Various minor changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56768
diff changeset
898 They will be run by the first call to @code{run-mode-hooks} after exit
3497eca006fe Various minor changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56768
diff changeset
899 from @code{delay-mode-hooks}.
3497eca006fe Various minor changes in addition to:
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parents: 56768
diff changeset
900 @end defmac
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parents: 56768
diff changeset
901
3497eca006fe Various minor changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56768
diff changeset
902 @defvar after-change-major-mode-hook
3497eca006fe Various minor changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56768
diff changeset
903 Every major mode function should run this normal hook at its very end.
3497eca006fe Various minor changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56768
diff changeset
904 It normally does not need to do so explicitly. Indeed, a major mode
3497eca006fe Various minor changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56768
diff changeset
905 function should normally run its mode hook with @code{run-mode-hooks}
3497eca006fe Various minor changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56768
diff changeset
906 as the very last thing it does and @code{run-mode-hooks} runs
3497eca006fe Various minor changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56768
diff changeset
907 @code{after-change-major-mode-hook} at its very end.
3497eca006fe Various minor changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56768
diff changeset
908 @end defvar
3497eca006fe Various minor changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56768
diff changeset
909
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parents:
diff changeset
910 @node Minor Modes
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
911 @section Minor Modes
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
912 @cindex minor mode
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
913
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
914 A @dfn{minor mode} provides features that users may enable or disable
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
915 independently of the choice of major mode. Minor modes can be enabled
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
916 individually or in combination. Minor modes would be better named
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
917 ``generally available, optional feature modes,'' except that such a name
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
918 would be unwieldy.
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8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
919
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
920 A minor mode is not usually meant as a variation of a single major mode.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
921 Usually they are general and can apply to many major modes. For
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
922 example, Auto Fill mode works with any major mode that permits text
6451
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
923 insertion. To be general, a minor mode must be effectively independent
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
924 of the things major modes do.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
925
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
926 A minor mode is often much more difficult to implement than a major
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
927 mode. One reason is that you should be able to activate and deactivate
7253
6ba87aed7836 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6451
diff changeset
928 minor modes in any order. A minor mode should be able to have its
6ba87aed7836 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6451
diff changeset
929 desired effect regardless of the major mode and regardless of the other
6ba87aed7836 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6451
diff changeset
930 minor modes in effect.
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8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
931
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
932 Often the biggest problem in implementing a minor mode is finding a
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
933 way to insert the necessary hook into the rest of Emacs. Minor mode
12098
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
934 keymaps make this easier than it used to be.
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parents:
diff changeset
935
51917
3039afbb0746 (Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 51794
diff changeset
936 @defvar minor-mode-list
3039afbb0746 (Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 51794
diff changeset
937 The value of this variable is a list of all minor mode commands.
3039afbb0746 (Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 51794
diff changeset
938 @end defvar
3039afbb0746 (Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 51794
diff changeset
939
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parents:
diff changeset
940 @menu
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
941 * Minor Mode Conventions:: Tips for writing a minor mode.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
942 * Keymaps and Minor Modes:: How a minor mode can have its own keymap.
26696
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26211
diff changeset
943 * Defining Minor Modes:: A convenient facility for defining minor modes.
6451
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
944 @end menu
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
945
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
946 @node Minor Mode Conventions
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
947 @subsection Conventions for Writing Minor Modes
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
948 @cindex minor mode conventions
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
949 @cindex conventions for writing minor modes
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
950
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
951 There are conventions for writing minor modes just as there are for
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
952 major modes. Several of the major mode conventions apply to minor
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
953 modes as well: those regarding the name of the mode initialization
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
954 function, the names of global symbols, and the use of keymaps and
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
955 other tables.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
956
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
957 In addition, there are several conventions that are specific to
59942
1f6a9cf44999 (Major Mode Conventions): Mention "system abbrevs".
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59516
diff changeset
958 minor modes. (The easiest way to follow all the conventions is to use
1f6a9cf44999 (Major Mode Conventions): Mention "system abbrevs".
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59516
diff changeset
959 the macro @code{define-minor-mode}; @ref{Defining Minor Modes}.)
6451
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
960
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
961 @itemize @bullet
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
962 @item
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
963 @cindex mode variable
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
964 Make a variable whose name ends in @samp{-mode} to control the minor
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
965 mode. We call this the @dfn{mode variable}. The minor mode command
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
966 should set this variable (@code{nil} to disable; anything else to
22252
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 22138
diff changeset
967 enable).
21682
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
968
25751
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parents: 24934
diff changeset
969 If possible, implement the mode so that setting the variable
21682
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
970 automatically enables or disables the mode. Then the minor mode command
22252
40089afa2b1d *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 22138
diff changeset
971 does not need to do anything except set the variable.
6451
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parents:
diff changeset
972
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
973 This variable is used in conjunction with the @code{minor-mode-alist} to
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
974 display the minor mode name in the mode line. It can also enable
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
975 or disable a minor mode keymap. Individual commands or hooks can also
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
976 check the variable's value.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
977
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
978 If you want the minor mode to be enabled separately in each buffer,
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
979 make the variable buffer-local.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
980
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
981 @item
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
982 Define a command whose name is the same as the mode variable.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
983 Its job is to enable and disable the mode by setting the variable.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
984
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
985 The command should accept one optional argument. If the argument is
51794
8a7816e7f5bd (Minor Mode Conventions): Specify only some kinds
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 51703
diff changeset
986 @code{nil}, it should toggle the mode (turn it on if it is off, and
8a7816e7f5bd (Minor Mode Conventions): Specify only some kinds
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 51703
diff changeset
987 off if it is on). It should turn the mode on if the argument is a
8a7816e7f5bd (Minor Mode Conventions): Specify only some kinds
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 51703
diff changeset
988 positive integer, the symbol @code{t}, or a list whose @sc{car} is one
8a7816e7f5bd (Minor Mode Conventions): Specify only some kinds
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 51703
diff changeset
989 of those. It should turn the mode off if the argument is a negative
55831
3d0a4333d97a (Minor Mode Conventions): (-) has no special meaning
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 55687
diff changeset
990 integer or zero, the symbol @code{-}, or a list whose @sc{car} is a
3d0a4333d97a (Minor Mode Conventions): (-) has no special meaning
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 55687
diff changeset
991 negative integer or zero. The meaning of other arguments is not
3d0a4333d97a (Minor Mode Conventions): (-) has no special meaning
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 55687
diff changeset
992 specified.
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8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
993
12098
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 12067
diff changeset
994 Here is an example taken from the definition of @code{transient-mark-mode}.
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
995 It shows the use of @code{transient-mark-mode} as a variable that enables or
7253
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6451
diff changeset
996 disables the mode's behavior, and also shows the proper way to toggle,
6ba87aed7836 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6451
diff changeset
997 enable or disable the minor mode based on the raw prefix argument value.
6451
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
998
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parents:
diff changeset
999 @smallexample
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parents:
diff changeset
1000 @group
12098
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 12067
diff changeset
1001 (setq transient-mark-mode
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 12067
diff changeset
1002 (if (null arg) (not transient-mark-mode)
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parents:
diff changeset
1003 (> (prefix-numeric-value arg) 0)))
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parents:
diff changeset
1004 @end group
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parents:
diff changeset
1005 @end smallexample
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parents:
diff changeset
1006
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parents:
diff changeset
1007 @item
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parents:
diff changeset
1008 Add an element to @code{minor-mode-alist} for each minor mode
21682
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1009 (@pxref{Mode Line Variables}), if you want to indicate the minor mode in
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1010 the mode line. This element should be a list of the following form:
6451
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parents:
diff changeset
1011
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parents:
diff changeset
1012 @smallexample
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parents:
diff changeset
1013 (@var{mode-variable} @var{string})
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parents:
diff changeset
1014 @end smallexample
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parents:
diff changeset
1015
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parents: 6451
diff changeset
1016 Here @var{mode-variable} is the variable that controls enabling of the
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parents:
diff changeset
1017 minor mode, and @var{string} is a short string, starting with a space,
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1018 to represent the mode in the mode line. These strings must be short so
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1019 that there is room for several of them at once.
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parents:
diff changeset
1020
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parents:
diff changeset
1021 When you add an element to @code{minor-mode-alist}, use @code{assq} to
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parents:
diff changeset
1022 check for an existing element, to avoid duplication. For example:
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parents:
diff changeset
1023
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1024 @smallexample
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parents:
diff changeset
1025 @group
25875
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parents: 25751
diff changeset
1026 (unless (assq 'leif-mode minor-mode-alist)
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parents: 25751
diff changeset
1027 (setq minor-mode-alist
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25751
diff changeset
1028 (cons '(leif-mode " Leif") minor-mode-alist)))
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Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25751
diff changeset
1029 @end group
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Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25751
diff changeset
1030 @end smallexample
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25751
diff changeset
1031
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25751
diff changeset
1032 @noindent
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25751
diff changeset
1033 or like this, using @code{add-to-list} (@pxref{Setting Variables}):
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25751
diff changeset
1034
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25751
diff changeset
1035 @smallexample
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25751
diff changeset
1036 @group
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25751
diff changeset
1037 (add-to-list 'minor-mode-alist '(leif-mode " Leif"))
6451
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1038 @end group
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1039 @end smallexample
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1040 @end itemize
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1041
25751
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1042 Global minor modes distributed with Emacs should if possible support
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1043 enabling and disabling via Custom (@pxref{Customization}). To do this,
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1044 the first step is to define the mode variable with @code{defcustom}, and
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1045 specify @code{:type boolean}.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1046
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1047 If just setting the variable is not sufficient to enable the mode, you
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1048 should also specify a @code{:set} method which enables the mode by
59942
1f6a9cf44999 (Major Mode Conventions): Mention "system abbrevs".
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59516
diff changeset
1049 invoking the mode command. Note in the variable's documentation string that
25751
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1050 setting the variable other than via Custom may not take effect.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1051
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1052 Also mark the definition with an autoload cookie (@pxref{Autoload}),
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1053 and specify a @code{:require} so that customizing the variable will load
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1054 the library that defines the mode. This will copy suitable definitions
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1055 into @file{loaddefs.el} so that users can use @code{customize-option} to
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1056 enable the mode. For example:
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1057
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1058 @smallexample
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1059 @group
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1060
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1061 ;;;###autoload
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1062 (defcustom msb-mode nil
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1063 "Toggle msb-mode.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1064 Setting this variable directly does not take effect;
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1065 use either \\[customize] or the function `msb-mode'."
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1066 :set (lambda (symbol value)
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1067 (msb-mode (or value 0)))
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1068 :initialize 'custom-initialize-default
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1069 :version "20.4"
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1070 :type 'boolean
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1071 :group 'msb
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1072 :require 'msb)
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1073 @end group
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1074 @end smallexample
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parents: 24934
diff changeset
1075
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8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1076 @node Keymaps and Minor Modes
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1077 @subsection Keymaps and Minor Modes
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1078
12098
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1079 Each minor mode can have its own keymap, which is active when the mode
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1080 is enabled. To set up a keymap for a minor mode, add an element to the
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1081 alist @code{minor-mode-map-alist}. @xref{Active Keymaps}.
6451
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1082
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1083 @cindex @code{self-insert-command}, minor modes
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1084 One use of minor mode keymaps is to modify the behavior of certain
6451
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1085 self-inserting characters so that they do something else as well as
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1086 self-insert. In general, this is the only way to do that, since the
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1087 facilities for customizing @code{self-insert-command} are limited to
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1088 special cases (designed for abbrevs and Auto Fill mode). (Do not try
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1089 substituting your own definition of @code{self-insert-command} for the
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1090 standard one. The editor command loop handles this function specially.)
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1091
17278
8ed8412c1ce7 Document key binding conventions for major modes and minor modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 16432
diff changeset
1092 The key sequences bound in a minor mode should consist of @kbd{C-c}
8ed8412c1ce7 Document key binding conventions for major modes and minor modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 16432
diff changeset
1093 followed by a punctuation character @emph{other than} @kbd{@{},
25751
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1094 @kbd{@}}, @kbd{<}, @kbd{>}, @kbd{:}, and @kbd{;}. (Those few punctuation
17278
8ed8412c1ce7 Document key binding conventions for major modes and minor modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 16432
diff changeset
1095 characters are reserved for major modes.)
8ed8412c1ce7 Document key binding conventions for major modes and minor modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 16432
diff changeset
1096
26696
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26211
diff changeset
1097 @node Defining Minor Modes
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26211
diff changeset
1098 @subsection Defining Minor Modes
21007
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1099
26696
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26211
diff changeset
1100 The macro @code{define-minor-mode} offers a convenient way of
60220
77336d5f9a37 (Defining Minor Modes): define-minor-mode can be used to define global
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 59996
diff changeset
1101 implementing a mode in one self-contained definition.
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1102
60230
d3a84cca7e73 (Defining Minor Modes): Explain that INIT-VALUE, LIGHTER, and KEYMAP
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 60220
diff changeset
1103 @defmac define-minor-mode mode doc [init-value [lighter [keymap]]] keyword-args... body...
26696
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26211
diff changeset
1104 @tindex define-minor-mode
51917
3039afbb0746 (Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 51794
diff changeset
1105 This macro defines a new minor mode whose name is @var{mode} (a
3039afbb0746 (Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 51794
diff changeset
1106 symbol). It defines a command named @var{mode} to toggle the minor
26696
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26211
diff changeset
1107 mode, with @var{doc} as its documentation string. It also defines a
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26211
diff changeset
1108 variable named @var{mode}, which is set to @code{t} or @code{nil} by
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26211
diff changeset
1109 enabling or disabling the mode. The variable is initialized to
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26211
diff changeset
1110 @var{init-value}.
21007
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1111
51917
3039afbb0746 (Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 51794
diff changeset
1112 The string @var{lighter} says what to display in the mode line
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1113 when the mode is enabled; if it is @code{nil}, the mode is not displayed
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1114 in the mode line.
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1115
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1116 The optional argument @var{keymap} specifies the keymap for the minor mode.
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1117 It can be a variable name, whose value is the keymap, or it can be an alist
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1118 specifying bindings in this form:
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1119
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1120 @example
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1121 (@var{key-sequence} . @var{definition})
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1122 @end example
51917
3039afbb0746 (Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 51794
diff changeset
1123
60230
d3a84cca7e73 (Defining Minor Modes): Explain that INIT-VALUE, LIGHTER, and KEYMAP
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 60220
diff changeset
1124 The above three arguments @var{init-value}, @var{lighter}, and
d3a84cca7e73 (Defining Minor Modes): Explain that INIT-VALUE, LIGHTER, and KEYMAP
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 60220
diff changeset
1125 @var{keymap} can be (partially) omitted when @var{keyword-args} are
d3a84cca7e73 (Defining Minor Modes): Explain that INIT-VALUE, LIGHTER, and KEYMAP
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 60220
diff changeset
1126 used. The @var{keyword-args} consist of keywords followed by
d3a84cca7e73 (Defining Minor Modes): Explain that INIT-VALUE, LIGHTER, and KEYMAP
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 60220
diff changeset
1127 corresponding values. A few keywords have special meanings:
51917
3039afbb0746 (Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 51794
diff changeset
1128
3039afbb0746 (Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 51794
diff changeset
1129 @table @code
3039afbb0746 (Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 51794
diff changeset
1130 @item :global @var{global}
3039afbb0746 (Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 51794
diff changeset
1131 If non-@code{nil} specifies that the minor mode should be global.
3039afbb0746 (Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 51794
diff changeset
1132 By default, minor modes are buffer-local.
3039afbb0746 (Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 51794
diff changeset
1133
3039afbb0746 (Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 51794
diff changeset
1134 @item :init-value @var{init-value}
3039afbb0746 (Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 51794
diff changeset
1135 This is equivalent to specifying @var{init-value} positionally.
3039afbb0746 (Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 51794
diff changeset
1136
3039afbb0746 (Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 51794
diff changeset
1137 @item :lighter @var{lighter}
3039afbb0746 (Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 51794
diff changeset
1138 This is equivalent to specifying @var{lighter} positionally.
3039afbb0746 (Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 51794
diff changeset
1139
3039afbb0746 (Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 51794
diff changeset
1140 @item :keymap @var{keymap}
3039afbb0746 (Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 51794
diff changeset
1141 This is equivalent to specifying @var{keymap} positionally.
3039afbb0746 (Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 51794
diff changeset
1142 @end table
3039afbb0746 (Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 51794
diff changeset
1143
3039afbb0746 (Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 51794
diff changeset
1144 Any other keyword arguments are passed passed directly to the
3039afbb0746 (Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 51794
diff changeset
1145 @code{defcustom} generated for the variable @var{mode}.
3039afbb0746 (Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 51794
diff changeset
1146
3039afbb0746 (Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 51794
diff changeset
1147 The command named @var{mode} finishes by executing the @var{body} forms,
3039afbb0746 (Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 51794
diff changeset
1148 if any, after it has performed the standard actions such as setting
3039afbb0746 (Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 51794
diff changeset
1149 the variable named @var{mode}.
21007
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1150 @end defmac
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 17278
diff changeset
1151
51917
3039afbb0746 (Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 51794
diff changeset
1152 @findex easy-mmode-define-minor-mode
3039afbb0746 (Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 51794
diff changeset
1153 The name @code{easy-mmode-define-minor-mode} is an alias
3039afbb0746 (Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 51794
diff changeset
1154 for this macro.
3039afbb0746 (Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 51794
diff changeset
1155
26696
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26211
diff changeset
1156 Here is an example of using @code{define-minor-mode}:
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1157
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1158 @smallexample
26696
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26211
diff changeset
1159 (define-minor-mode hungry-mode
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1160 "Toggle Hungry mode.
49600
23a1cea22d13 Trailing whitespace deleted.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 48700
diff changeset
1161 With no argument, this command toggles the mode.
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1162 Non-null prefix argument turns on the mode.
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1163 Null prefix argument turns off the mode.
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1164
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1165 When Hungry mode is enabled, the control delete key
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1166 gobbles all preceding whitespace except the last.
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1167 See the command \\[hungry-electric-delete]."
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1168 ;; The initial value.
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1169 nil
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1170 ;; The indicator for the mode line.
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1171 " Hungry"
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1172 ;; The minor mode bindings.
59942
1f6a9cf44999 (Major Mode Conventions): Mention "system abbrevs".
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59516
diff changeset
1173 '(("\C-\^?" . hungry-electric-delete))
51917
3039afbb0746 (Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 51794
diff changeset
1174 :group 'hunger)
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1175 @end smallexample
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1176
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1177 @noindent
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1178 This defines a minor mode named ``Hungry mode'', a command named
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1179 @code{hungry-mode} to toggle it, a variable named @code{hungry-mode}
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1180 which indicates whether the mode is enabled, and a variable named
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1181 @code{hungry-mode-map} which holds the keymap that is active when the
59942
1f6a9cf44999 (Major Mode Conventions): Mention "system abbrevs".
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59516
diff changeset
1182 mode is enabled. It initializes the keymap with a key binding for
1f6a9cf44999 (Major Mode Conventions): Mention "system abbrevs".
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59516
diff changeset
1183 @kbd{C-@key{DEL}}. It puts the variable @code{hungry-mode} into
1f6a9cf44999 (Major Mode Conventions): Mention "system abbrevs".
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59516
diff changeset
1184 custom group @code{hunger}. There are no @var{body} forms---many
1f6a9cf44999 (Major Mode Conventions): Mention "system abbrevs".
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59516
diff changeset
1185 minor modes don't need any.
51917
3039afbb0746 (Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 51794
diff changeset
1186
3039afbb0746 (Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 51794
diff changeset
1187 Here's an equivalent way to write it:
3039afbb0746 (Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 51794
diff changeset
1188
3039afbb0746 (Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 51794
diff changeset
1189 @smallexample
3039afbb0746 (Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 51794
diff changeset
1190 (define-minor-mode hungry-mode
3039afbb0746 (Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 51794
diff changeset
1191 "Toggle Hungry mode.
3039afbb0746 (Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 51794
diff changeset
1192 With no argument, this command toggles the mode.
3039afbb0746 (Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 51794
diff changeset
1193 Non-null prefix argument turns on the mode.
3039afbb0746 (Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 51794
diff changeset
1194 Null prefix argument turns off the mode.
3039afbb0746 (Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 51794
diff changeset
1195
3039afbb0746 (Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 51794
diff changeset
1196 When Hungry mode is enabled, the control delete key
3039afbb0746 (Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 51794
diff changeset
1197 gobbles all preceding whitespace except the last.
3039afbb0746 (Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 51794
diff changeset
1198 See the command \\[hungry-electric-delete]."
3039afbb0746 (Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 51794
diff changeset
1199 ;; The initial value.
3039afbb0746 (Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 51794
diff changeset
1200 :initial-value nil
3039afbb0746 (Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 51794
diff changeset
1201 ;; The indicator for the mode line.
3039afbb0746 (Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 51794
diff changeset
1202 :lighter " Hungry"
3039afbb0746 (Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 51794
diff changeset
1203 ;; The minor mode bindings.
3039afbb0746 (Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 51794
diff changeset
1204 :keymap
3039afbb0746 (Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 51794
diff changeset
1205 '(("\C-\^?" . hungry-electric-delete)
3039afbb0746 (Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 51794
diff changeset
1206 ("\C-\M-\^?"
3039afbb0746 (Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 51794
diff changeset
1207 . (lambda ()
3039afbb0746 (Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 51794
diff changeset
1208 (interactive)
3039afbb0746 (Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 51794
diff changeset
1209 (hungry-electric-delete t))))
3039afbb0746 (Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 51794
diff changeset
1210 :group 'hunger)
3039afbb0746 (Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 51794
diff changeset
1211 @end smallexample
26696
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26211
diff changeset
1212
6451
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1213 @node Mode Line Format
52628
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1214 @section Mode-Line Format
6451
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1215 @cindex mode line
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1216
25751
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1217 Each Emacs window (aside from minibuffer windows) typically has a mode
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1218 line at the bottom, which displays status information about the buffer
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1219 displayed in the window. The mode line contains information about the
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1220 buffer, such as its name, associated file, depth of recursive editing,
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1221 and major and minor modes. A window can also have a @dfn{header
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1222 line}, which is much like the mode line but appears at the top of the
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1223 window (starting in Emacs 21).
6451
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1224
25751
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1225 This section describes how to control the contents of the mode line
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1226 and header line. We include it in this chapter because much of the
6451
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1227 information displayed in the mode line relates to the enabled major and
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1228 minor modes.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1229
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1230 @code{mode-line-format} is a buffer-local variable that holds a
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1231 template used to display the mode line of the current buffer. All
25751
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1232 windows for the same buffer use the same @code{mode-line-format}, so
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1233 their mode lines appear the same---except for scrolling percentages, and
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1234 line and column numbers, since those depend on point and on how the
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1235 window is scrolled. @code{header-line-format} is used likewise for
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1236 header lines.
6451
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1237
42296
7b9a0bcca3c2 Explain mode line redisplay better.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 41938
diff changeset
1238 For efficiency, Emacs does not recompute the mode line and header
7b9a0bcca3c2 Explain mode line redisplay better.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 41938
diff changeset
1239 line of a window in every redisplay. It does so when circumstances
7b9a0bcca3c2 Explain mode line redisplay better.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 41938
diff changeset
1240 appear to call for it---for instance, if you change the window
7b9a0bcca3c2 Explain mode line redisplay better.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 41938
diff changeset
1241 configuration, switch buffers, narrow or widen the buffer, scroll, or
7b9a0bcca3c2 Explain mode line redisplay better.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 41938
diff changeset
1242 change the buffer's modification status. If you modify any of the
7b9a0bcca3c2 Explain mode line redisplay better.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 41938
diff changeset
1243 variables referenced by @code{mode-line-format} (@pxref{Mode Line
7b9a0bcca3c2 Explain mode line redisplay better.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 41938
diff changeset
1244 Variables}), or any other variables and data structures that affect
7b9a0bcca3c2 Explain mode line redisplay better.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 41938
diff changeset
1245 how text is displayed (@pxref{Display}), you may want to force an
7b9a0bcca3c2 Explain mode line redisplay better.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 41938
diff changeset
1246 update of the mode line so as to display the new information or
7b9a0bcca3c2 Explain mode line redisplay better.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 41938
diff changeset
1247 display it in the new way.
6451
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1248
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1249 @c Emacs 19 feature
52859
bc7fbf233421 (Mode Line Format): Mention force-mode-line-update's argument.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52841
diff changeset
1250 @defun force-mode-line-update &optional all
25751
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1251 Force redisplay of the current buffer's mode line and header line.
42296
7b9a0bcca3c2 Explain mode line redisplay better.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 41938
diff changeset
1252 The next redisplay will update the mode line and header line based on
52859
bc7fbf233421 (Mode Line Format): Mention force-mode-line-update's argument.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52841
diff changeset
1253 the latest values of all relevant variables. With optional
bc7fbf233421 (Mode Line Format): Mention force-mode-line-update's argument.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52841
diff changeset
1254 non-@code{nil} @var{all}, force redisplay of all mode lines and header
bc7fbf233421 (Mode Line Format): Mention force-mode-line-update's argument.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52841
diff changeset
1255 lines.
42296
7b9a0bcca3c2 Explain mode line redisplay better.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 41938
diff changeset
1256
7b9a0bcca3c2 Explain mode line redisplay better.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 41938
diff changeset
1257 This function also forces recomputation of the menu bar menus
7b9a0bcca3c2 Explain mode line redisplay better.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 41938
diff changeset
1258 and the frame title.
6451
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1259 @end defun
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1260
59942
1f6a9cf44999 (Major Mode Conventions): Mention "system abbrevs".
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59516
diff changeset
1261 The selected window's mode line is usually displayed in a different
1f6a9cf44999 (Major Mode Conventions): Mention "system abbrevs".
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59516
diff changeset
1262 color using the face @code{mode-line}. Other windows' mode lines
1f6a9cf44999 (Major Mode Conventions): Mention "system abbrevs".
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59516
diff changeset
1263 appear in the face @code{mode-line-inactive} instead. @xref{Faces}.
6451
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1264
42866
03dd2df2b595 (Mode Line Format): Short windows can suppress the mode line and header line.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 42296
diff changeset
1265 A window that is just one line tall does not display either a mode
03dd2df2b595 (Mode Line Format): Short windows can suppress the mode line and header line.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 42296
diff changeset
1266 line or a header line, even if the variables call for one. A window
03dd2df2b595 (Mode Line Format): Short windows can suppress the mode line and header line.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 42296
diff changeset
1267 that is two lines tall cannot display both a mode line and a header
03dd2df2b595 (Mode Line Format): Short windows can suppress the mode line and header line.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 42296
diff changeset
1268 line at once; if the variables call for both, only the mode line
03dd2df2b595 (Mode Line Format): Short windows can suppress the mode line and header line.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 42296
diff changeset
1269 actually appears.
03dd2df2b595 (Mode Line Format): Short windows can suppress the mode line and header line.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 42296
diff changeset
1270
6451
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1271 @menu
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1272 * Mode Line Data:: The data structure that controls the mode line.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1273 * Mode Line Variables:: Variables used in that data structure.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1274 * %-Constructs:: Putting information into a mode line.
25751
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1275 * Properties in Mode:: Using text properties in the mode line.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1276 * Header Lines:: Like a mode line, but at the top.
52197
a0b65ecec014 *** empty log message ***
John Paul Wallington <jpw@pobox.com>
parents: 52195
diff changeset
1277 * Emulating Mode Line:: Formatting text as the mode line would.
6451
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1278 @end menu
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1279
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1280 @node Mode Line Data
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1281 @subsection The Data Structure of the Mode Line
52628
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1282 @cindex mode-line construct
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1283
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1284 The mode-line contents are controlled by a data structure of lists,
25875
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25751
diff changeset
1285 strings, symbols, and numbers kept in buffer-local variables. The data
52628
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1286 structure is called a @dfn{mode-line construct}, and it is built in
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1287 recursive fashion out of simpler mode-line constructs. The same data
25875
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25751
diff changeset
1288 structure is used for constructing frame titles (@pxref{Frame Titles})
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25751
diff changeset
1289 and header lines (@pxref{Header Lines}).
6451
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1290
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1291 @defvar mode-line-format
52628
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1292 The value of this variable is a mode-line construct with overall
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1293 responsibility for the mode-line format. The value of this variable
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1294 controls which other variables are used to form the mode-line text, and
6451
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1295 where they appear.
25751
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1296
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1297 If you set this variable to @code{nil} in a buffer, that buffer does not
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1298 have a mode line. (This feature was added in Emacs 21.)
6451
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1299 @end defvar
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1300
52628
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1301 A mode-line construct may be as simple as a fixed string of text, but
6451
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parents:
diff changeset
1302 it usually specifies how to use other variables to construct the text.
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diff changeset
1303 Many of these variables are themselves defined to have mode-line
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parents:
diff changeset
1304 constructs as their values.
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parents:
diff changeset
1305
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diff changeset
1306 The default value of @code{mode-line-format} incorporates the values
52628
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1307 of variables such as @code{mode-line-position} and
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1308 @code{mode-line-modes} (which in turn incorporates the values of the
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1309 variables @code{mode-name} and @code{minor-mode-alist}). Because of
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1310 this, very few modes need to alter @code{mode-line-format} itself. For
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1311 most purposes, it is sufficient to alter some of the variables that
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1312 @code{mode-line-format} either directly or indirectly refers to.
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1313
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1314 A mode-line construct may be a list, a symbol, or a string. If the
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parents: 6451
diff changeset
1315 value is a list, each element may be a list, a symbol, or a string.
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parents:
diff changeset
1316
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1317 The mode line can display various faces, if the strings that control
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parents: 24934
diff changeset
1318 it have the @code{face} property. @xref{Properties in Mode}. In
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parents: 24934
diff changeset
1319 addition, the face @code{mode-line} is used as a default for the whole
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parents: 24934
diff changeset
1320 mode line (@pxref{Standard Faces}).
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diff changeset
1321
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diff changeset
1322 @table @code
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1323 @cindex percent symbol in mode line
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1324 @item @var{string}
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Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
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diff changeset
1325 A string as a mode-line construct is displayed verbatim in the mode line
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parents: 12067
diff changeset
1326 except for @dfn{@code{%}-constructs}. Decimal digits after the @samp{%}
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parents:
diff changeset
1327 specify the field width for space filling on the right (i.e., the data
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1328 is left justified). @xref{%-Constructs}.
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parents:
diff changeset
1329
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diff changeset
1330 @item @var{symbol}
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74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1331 A symbol as a mode-line construct stands for its value. The value of
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1332 @var{symbol} is used as a mode-line construct, in place of @var{symbol}.
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diff changeset
1333 However, the symbols @code{t} and @code{nil} are ignored, as is any
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diff changeset
1334 symbol whose value is void.
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diff changeset
1335
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diff changeset
1336 There is one exception: if the value of @var{symbol} is a string, it is
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diff changeset
1337 displayed verbatim: the @code{%}-constructs are not recognized.
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diff changeset
1338
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Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52628
diff changeset
1339 Unless @var{symbol} is marked as ``risky'' (i.e., it has a
5f70316d2ec5 (Mode Line Data): Explain when symbols in mode-line
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52628
diff changeset
1340 non-@code{nil} @code{risky-local-variable} property), all properties in
5f70316d2ec5 (Mode Line Data): Explain when symbols in mode-line
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52628
diff changeset
1341 any strings, as well as all @code{:eval} and @code{:propertize} forms in
5f70316d2ec5 (Mode Line Data): Explain when symbols in mode-line
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52628
diff changeset
1342 the value of that symbol will be ignored.
5f70316d2ec5 (Mode Line Data): Explain when symbols in mode-line
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52628
diff changeset
1343
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diff changeset
1344 @item (@var{string} @var{rest}@dots{}) @r{or} (@var{list} @var{rest}@dots{})
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diff changeset
1345 A list whose first element is a string or list means to process all the
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parents: 6451
diff changeset
1346 elements recursively and concatenate the results. This is the most
52628
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1347 common form of mode-line construct.
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diff changeset
1348
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diff changeset
1349 @item (:eval @var{form})
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parents: 24934
diff changeset
1350 A list whose first element is the symbol @code{:eval} says to evaluate
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parents: 24934
diff changeset
1351 @var{form}, and use the result as a string to display.
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diff changeset
1352 (This feature is new as of Emacs 21.)
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parents: 24934
diff changeset
1353
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74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1354 @item (:propertize @var{elt} @var{props}@dots{})
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1355 A list whose first element is the symbol @code{:propertize} says to
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1356 process the mode-line construct @var{elt} recursively and add the text
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1357 properties specified by @var{props} to the result. The argument
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1358 @var{props} should consist of zero or more pairs @var{text-property}
59996
aac0a33f5772 Change release version from 21.4 to 22.1 throughout.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 59963
diff changeset
1359 @var{value}. (This feature is new as of Emacs 22.1.)
52628
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1360
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diff changeset
1361 @item (@var{symbol} @var{then} @var{else})
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parents: 24934
diff changeset
1362 A list whose first element is a symbol that is not a keyword specifies a
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parents: 24934
diff changeset
1363 conditional. Its meaning depends on the value of @var{symbol}. If the
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1364 value is non-@code{nil}, the second element, @var{then}, is processed
52628
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1365 recursively as a mode-line element. But if the value of @var{symbol} is
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parents: 24934
diff changeset
1366 @code{nil}, the third element, @var{else}, is processed recursively.
52628
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1367 You may omit @var{else}; then the mode-line element displays nothing if
25751
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diff changeset
1368 the value of @var{symbol} is @code{nil}.
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diff changeset
1369
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parents:
diff changeset
1370 @item (@var{width} @var{rest}@dots{})
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parents:
diff changeset
1371 A list whose first element is an integer specifies truncation or
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1372 padding of the results of @var{rest}. The remaining elements
52628
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1373 @var{rest} are processed recursively as mode-line constructs and
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parents:
diff changeset
1374 concatenated together. Then the result is space filled (if
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1375 @var{width} is positive) or truncated (to @minus{}@var{width} columns,
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1376 if @var{width} is negative) on the right.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1377
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1378 For example, the usual way to show what percentage of a buffer is above
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6451
diff changeset
1379 the top of the window is to use a list like this: @code{(-3 "%p")}.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1380 @end table
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1381
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parents:
diff changeset
1382 If you do alter @code{mode-line-format} itself, the new value should
7253
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6451
diff changeset
1383 use the same variables that appear in the default value (@pxref{Mode
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6451
diff changeset
1384 Line Variables}), rather than duplicating their contents or displaying
6ba87aed7836 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6451
diff changeset
1385 the information in another fashion. This way, customizations made by
12098
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 12067
diff changeset
1386 the user or by Lisp programs (such as @code{display-time} and major
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1387 modes) via changes to those variables remain effective.
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parents:
diff changeset
1388
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1389 @cindex Shell mode @code{mode-line-format}
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1390 Here is an example of a @code{mode-line-format} that might be
21682
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1391 useful for @code{shell-mode}, since it contains the host name and default
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parents:
diff changeset
1392 directory.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1393
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parents:
diff changeset
1394 @example
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1395 @group
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1396 (setq mode-line-format
21682
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1397 (list "-"
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1398 'mode-line-mule-info
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diff changeset
1399 'mode-line-modified
21682
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1400 'mode-line-frame-identification
49600
23a1cea22d13 Trailing whitespace deleted.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 48700
diff changeset
1401 "%b--"
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parents:
diff changeset
1402 @end group
21007
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parents: 17278
diff changeset
1403 @group
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parents: 17278
diff changeset
1404 ;; @r{Note that this is evaluated while making the list.}
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parents: 52463
diff changeset
1405 ;; @r{It makes a mode-line construct which is just a string.}
21007
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diff changeset
1406 (getenv "HOST")
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diff changeset
1407 @end group
49600
23a1cea22d13 Trailing whitespace deleted.
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parents: 48700
diff changeset
1408 ":"
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diff changeset
1409 'default-directory
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parents:
diff changeset
1410 " "
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parents:
diff changeset
1411 'global-mode-string
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diff changeset
1412 " %[("
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diff changeset
1413 '(:eval (mode-line-mode-name))
49600
23a1cea22d13 Trailing whitespace deleted.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 48700
diff changeset
1414 'mode-line-process
23a1cea22d13 Trailing whitespace deleted.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 48700
diff changeset
1415 'minor-mode-alist
23a1cea22d13 Trailing whitespace deleted.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 48700
diff changeset
1416 "%n"
21682
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diff changeset
1417 ")%]--"
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diff changeset
1418 @group
21682
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diff changeset
1419 '(which-func-mode ("" which-func-format "--"))
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diff changeset
1420 '(line-number-mode "L%l--")
21682
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diff changeset
1421 '(column-number-mode "C%c--")
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diff changeset
1422 '(-3 "%p")
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diff changeset
1423 "-%-"))
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diff changeset
1424 @end group
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diff changeset
1425 @end example
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diff changeset
1426
22252
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parents: 22138
diff changeset
1427 @noindent
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diff changeset
1428 (The variables @code{line-number-mode}, @code{column-number-mode}
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parents: 22138
diff changeset
1429 and @code{which-func-mode} enable particular minor modes; as usual,
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parents: 22138
diff changeset
1430 these variable names are also the minor mode command names.)
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diff changeset
1431
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diff changeset
1432 @node Mode Line Variables
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parents:
diff changeset
1433 @subsection Variables Used in the Mode Line
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parents:
diff changeset
1434
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parents:
diff changeset
1435 This section describes variables incorporated by the
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1436 standard value of @code{mode-line-format} into the text of the mode
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parents:
diff changeset
1437 line. There is nothing inherently special about these variables; any
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parents:
diff changeset
1438 other variables could have the same effects on the mode line if
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1439 @code{mode-line-format} were changed to use them.
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diff changeset
1440
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1441 @defvar mode-line-mule-info
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diff changeset
1442 This variable holds the value of the mode-line construct that displays
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diff changeset
1443 information about the language environment, buffer coding system, and
22138
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
1444 current input method. @xref{Non-ASCII Characters}.
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1445 @end defvar
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1446
6451
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1447 @defvar mode-line-modified
7253
6ba87aed7836 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6451
diff changeset
1448 This variable holds the value of the mode-line construct that displays
6451
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1449 whether the current buffer is modified.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1450
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1451 The default value of @code{mode-line-modified} is @code{("%1*%1+")}.
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1452 This means that the mode line displays @samp{**} if the buffer is
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1453 modified, @samp{--} if the buffer is not modified, @samp{%%} if the
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1454 buffer is read only, and @samp{%*} if the buffer is read only and
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1455 modified.
6451
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1456
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1457 Changing this variable does not force an update of the mode line.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1458 @end defvar
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1459
22138
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
1460 @defvar mode-line-frame-identification
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1461 This variable identifies the current frame. The default value is
52628
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1462 @code{" "} if you are using a window system which can show multiple
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1463 frames, or @code{"-%F "} on an ordinary terminal which shows only one
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1464 frame at a time.
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1465 @end defvar
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1466
6451
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1467 @defvar mode-line-buffer-identification
7253
6ba87aed7836 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6451
diff changeset
1468 This variable identifies the buffer being displayed in the window. Its
22267
dfac7398266b *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 22252
diff changeset
1469 default value is @code{("%12b")}, which displays the buffer name, padded
dfac7398266b *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 22252
diff changeset
1470 with spaces to at least 12 columns.
6451
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1471 @end defvar
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1472
52628
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1473 @defvar mode-line-position
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1474 This variable indicates the position in the buffer. Here is a
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1475 simplified version of its default value. The actual default value
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1476 also specifies addition of the @code{help-echo} text property.
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1477
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1478 @example
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1479 @group
52663
5f70316d2ec5 (Mode Line Data): Explain when symbols in mode-line
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52628
diff changeset
1480 ((-3 "%p")
52628
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1481 (size-indication-mode (8 " of %I"))
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1482 @end group
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1483 @group
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1484 (line-number-mode
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1485 ((column-number-mode
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1486 (10 " (%l,%c)")
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1487 (6 " L%l")))
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1488 ((column-number-mode
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1489 (5 " C%c")))))
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1490 @end group
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1491 @end example
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1492
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1493 This means that @code{mode-line-position} displays at least the buffer
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1494 percentage and possibly the buffer size, the line number and the column
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1495 number.
6451
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1496 @end defvar
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1497
52628
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1498 @defvar vc-mode
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1499 The variable @code{vc-mode}, buffer-local in each buffer, records
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1500 whether the buffer's visited file is maintained with version control,
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1501 and, if so, which kind. Its value is a string that appears in the mode
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1502 line, or @code{nil} for no version control.
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1503 @end defvar
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1504
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1505 @defvar mode-line-modes
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1506 This variable displays the buffer's major and minor modes. Here is a
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1507 simplified version of its default value. The real default value also
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1508 specifies addition of text properties.
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1509
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1510 @example
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1511 @group
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1512 ("%[(" mode-name
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1513 mode-line-process minor-mode-alist
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1514 "%n" ")%]--")
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1515 @end group
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1516 @end example
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1517
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1518 So @code{mode-line-modes} normally also displays the recursive editing
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1519 level, information on the process status and whether narrowing is in
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1520 effect.
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1521 @end defvar
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1522
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1523 The following three variables are used in @code{mode-line-modes}:
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1524
6451
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1525 @defvar mode-name
7253
6ba87aed7836 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6451
diff changeset
1526 This buffer-local variable holds the ``pretty'' name of the current
6451
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1527 buffer's major mode. Each major mode should set this variable so that the
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1528 mode name will appear in the mode line.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1529 @end defvar
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1530
52628
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1531 @defvar mode-line-process
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1532 This buffer-local variable contains the mode-line information on process
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1533 status in modes used for communicating with subprocesses. It is
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1534 displayed immediately following the major mode name, with no intervening
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1535 space. For example, its value in the @samp{*shell*} buffer is
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1536 @code{(":%s")}, which allows the shell to display its status along
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1537 with the major mode as: @samp{(Shell:run)}. Normally this variable
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1538 is @code{nil}.
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1539 @end defvar
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1540
6451
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1541 @defvar minor-mode-alist
7253
6ba87aed7836 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6451
diff changeset
1542 This variable holds an association list whose elements specify how the
6451
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1543 mode line should indicate that a minor mode is active. Each element of
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1544 the @code{minor-mode-alist} should be a two-element list:
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1545
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1546 @example
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1547 (@var{minor-mode-variable} @var{mode-line-string})
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1548 @end example
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1549
52628
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1550 More generally, @var{mode-line-string} can be any mode-line spec. It
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1551 appears in the mode line when the value of @var{minor-mode-variable}
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1552 is non-@code{nil}, and not otherwise. These strings should begin with
6451
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1553 spaces so that they don't run together. Conventionally, the
52628
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1554 @var{minor-mode-variable} for a specific mode is set to a
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1555 non-@code{nil} value when that minor mode is activated.
6451
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1556
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1557 @code{minor-mode-alist} itself is not buffer-local. Each variable
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1558 mentioned in the alist should be buffer-local if its minor mode can be
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1559 enabled separately in each buffer.
6451
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1560 @end defvar
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1561
52628
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1562 @defvar global-mode-string
55508
44124e158456 (Mode Line Variables): Fix description of global-mode-string, which is now after
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 55414
diff changeset
1563 This variable holds a mode-line spec that, by default, appears in the
44124e158456 (Mode Line Variables): Fix description of global-mode-string, which is now after
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 55414
diff changeset
1564 mode line just after the @code{which-func-mode} minor mode if set,
44124e158456 (Mode Line Variables): Fix description of global-mode-string, which is now after
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 55414
diff changeset
1565 else after @code{mode-line-modes}. The command @code{display-time}
52628
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1566 sets @code{global-mode-string} to refer to the variable
55508
44124e158456 (Mode Line Variables): Fix description of global-mode-string, which is now after
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 55414
diff changeset
1567 @code{display-time-string}, which holds a string containing the time
44124e158456 (Mode Line Variables): Fix description of global-mode-string, which is now after
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 55414
diff changeset
1568 and load information.
52628
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1569
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1570 The @samp{%M} construct substitutes the value of
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1571 @code{global-mode-string}, but that is obsolete, since the variable is
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1572 included in the mode line from @code{mode-line-format}.
25875
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25751
diff changeset
1573 @end defvar
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25751
diff changeset
1574
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25751
diff changeset
1575 The variable @code{default-mode-line-format} is where
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25751
diff changeset
1576 @code{mode-line-format} usually gets its value:
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25751
diff changeset
1577
6451
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1578 @defvar default-mode-line-format
7253
6ba87aed7836 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6451
diff changeset
1579 This variable holds the default @code{mode-line-format} for buffers
6451
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1580 that do not override it. This is the same as @code{(default-value
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1581 'mode-line-format)}.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1582
52628
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1583 Here is a simplified version of the default value of
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1584 @code{default-mode-line-format}. The real default value also
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1585 specifies addition of text properties.
6451
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1586
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1587 @example
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1588 @group
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1589 ("-"
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1590 mode-line-mule-info
6451
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1591 mode-line-modified
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1592 mode-line-frame-identification
6451
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1593 mode-line-buffer-identification
21007
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1594 @end group
6451
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parents:
diff changeset
1595 " "
52628
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1596 mode-line-position
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1597 (vc-mode vc-mode)
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1598 " "
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1599 @group
52628
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1600 mode-line-modes
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1601 (which-func-mode ("" which-func-format "--"))
52628
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1602 (global-mode-string ("--" global-mode-string))
6451
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1603 "-%-")
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1604 @end group
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1605 @end example
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1606 @end defvar
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1607
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1608 @node %-Constructs
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1609 @subsection @code{%}-Constructs in the Mode Line
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1610
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1611 The following table lists the recognized @code{%}-constructs and what
7253
6ba87aed7836 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6451
diff changeset
1612 they mean. In any construct except @samp{%%}, you can add a decimal
6ba87aed7836 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6451
diff changeset
1613 integer after the @samp{%} to specify how many characters to display.
6451
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1614
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1615 @table @code
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1616 @item %b
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1617 The current buffer name, obtained with the @code{buffer-name} function.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1618 @xref{Buffer Names}.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1619
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parents: 25751
diff changeset
1620 @item %c
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Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25751
diff changeset
1621 The current column number of point.
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25751
diff changeset
1622
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8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1623 @item %f
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1624 The visited file name, obtained with the @code{buffer-file-name}
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1625 function. @xref{Buffer File Name}.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1626
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Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 8960
diff changeset
1627 @item %F
21682
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1628 The title (only on a window system) or the name of the selected frame.
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1629 @xref{Window Frame Parameters}.
12067
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 8960
diff changeset
1630
52463
be54b19bb668 (%-Constructs): Document new `%i' and `%I' constructs.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52401
diff changeset
1631 @item %i
be54b19bb668 (%-Constructs): Document new `%i' and `%I' constructs.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52401
diff changeset
1632 The size of the accessible part of the current buffer; basically
be54b19bb668 (%-Constructs): Document new `%i' and `%I' constructs.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52401
diff changeset
1633 @code{(- (point-max) (point-min))}.
be54b19bb668 (%-Constructs): Document new `%i' and `%I' constructs.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52401
diff changeset
1634
be54b19bb668 (%-Constructs): Document new `%i' and `%I' constructs.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52401
diff changeset
1635 @item %I
be54b19bb668 (%-Constructs): Document new `%i' and `%I' constructs.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52401
diff changeset
1636 Like @samp{%i}, but the size is printed in a more readable way by using
be54b19bb668 (%-Constructs): Document new `%i' and `%I' constructs.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52401
diff changeset
1637 @samp{k} for 10^3, @samp{M} for 10^6, @samp{G} for 10^9, etc., to
be54b19bb668 (%-Constructs): Document new `%i' and `%I' constructs.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52401
diff changeset
1638 abbreviate.
be54b19bb668 (%-Constructs): Document new `%i' and `%I' constructs.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52401
diff changeset
1639
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Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 8960
diff changeset
1640 @item %l
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1641 The current line number of point, counting within the accessible portion
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1642 of the buffer.
12067
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 8960
diff changeset
1643
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parents: 25751
diff changeset
1644 @item %n
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25751
diff changeset
1645 @samp{Narrow} when narrowing is in effect; nothing otherwise (see
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25751
diff changeset
1646 @code{narrow-to-region} in @ref{Narrowing}).
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25751
diff changeset
1647
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25751
diff changeset
1648 @item %p
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25751
diff changeset
1649 The percentage of the buffer text above the @strong{top} of window, or
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25751
diff changeset
1650 @samp{Top}, @samp{Bottom} or @samp{All}. Note that the default
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25751
diff changeset
1651 mode-line specification truncates this to three characters.
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25751
diff changeset
1652
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25751
diff changeset
1653 @item %P
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25751
diff changeset
1654 The percentage of the buffer text that is above the @strong{bottom} of
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25751
diff changeset
1655 the window (which includes the text visible in the window, as well as
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25751
diff changeset
1656 the text above the top), plus @samp{Top} if the top of the buffer is
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25751
diff changeset
1657 visible on screen; or @samp{Bottom} or @samp{All}.
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25751
diff changeset
1658
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25751
diff changeset
1659 @item %s
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25751
diff changeset
1660 The status of the subprocess belonging to the current buffer, obtained with
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25751
diff changeset
1661 @code{process-status}. @xref{Process Information}.
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25751
diff changeset
1662
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25751
diff changeset
1663 @item %t
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25751
diff changeset
1664 Whether the visited file is a text file or a binary file. This is a
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25751
diff changeset
1665 meaningful distinction only on certain operating systems (@pxref{MS-DOS
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25751
diff changeset
1666 File Types}).
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25751
diff changeset
1667
6451
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1668 @item %*
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1669 @samp{%} if the buffer is read only (see @code{buffer-read-only}); @*
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1670 @samp{*} if the buffer is modified (see @code{buffer-modified-p}); @*
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1671 @samp{-} otherwise. @xref{Buffer Modification}.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1672
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1673 @item %+
12067
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 8960
diff changeset
1674 @samp{*} if the buffer is modified (see @code{buffer-modified-p}); @*
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 8960
diff changeset
1675 @samp{%} if the buffer is read only (see @code{buffer-read-only}); @*
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 8960
diff changeset
1676 @samp{-} otherwise. This differs from @samp{%*} only for a modified
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 8960
diff changeset
1677 read-only buffer. @xref{Buffer Modification}.
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 8960
diff changeset
1678
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 8960
diff changeset
1679 @item %&
7253
6ba87aed7836 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6451
diff changeset
1680 @samp{*} if the buffer is modified, and @samp{-} otherwise.
6451
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1681
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1682 @item %[
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1683 An indication of the depth of recursive editing levels (not counting
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1684 minibuffer levels): one @samp{[} for each editing level.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1685 @xref{Recursive Editing}.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1686
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1687 @item %]
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1688 One @samp{]} for each recursive editing level (not counting minibuffer
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1689 levels).
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1690
25875
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Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25751
diff changeset
1691 @item %-
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25751
diff changeset
1692 Dashes sufficient to fill the remainder of the mode line.
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25751
diff changeset
1693
6451
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1694 @item %%
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1695 The character @samp{%}---this is how to include a literal @samp{%} in a
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1696 string in which @code{%}-constructs are allowed.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1697 @end table
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1698
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1699 The following two @code{%}-constructs are still supported, but they are
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1700 obsolete, since you can get the same results with the variables
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1701 @code{mode-name} and @code{global-mode-string}.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1702
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1703 @table @code
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1704 @item %m
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1705 The value of @code{mode-name}.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1706
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1707 @item %M
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1708 The value of @code{global-mode-string}. Currently, only
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1709 @code{display-time} modifies the value of @code{global-mode-string}.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1710 @end table
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1711
25751
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1712 @node Properties in Mode
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1713 @subsection Properties in the Mode Line
52628
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1714 @cindex text properties in the mode line
25751
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1715
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1716 Starting in Emacs 21, certain text properties are meaningful in the
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1717 mode line. The @code{face} property affects the appearance of text; the
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1718 @code{help-echo} property associate help strings with the text, and
29102
ba9cfbfc601e *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 29076
diff changeset
1719 @code{local-map} can make the text mouse-sensitive.
25751
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1720
52628
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1721 There are four ways to specify text properties for text in the mode
25751
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1722 line:
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1723
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1724 @enumerate
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1725 @item
52628
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1726 Put a string with a text property directly into the mode-line data
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1727 structure.
25751
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1728
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1729 @item
52628
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1730 Put a text property on a mode-line %-construct such as @samp{%12b}; then
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1731 the expansion of the %-construct will have that same text property.
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1732
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1733 @item
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1734 Use a @code{(:propertize @var{elt} @var{props}@dots{})} construct to
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1735 give @var{elt} a text property specified by @var{props}.
25751
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1736
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1737 @item
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1738 Use a list containing @code{:eval @var{form}} in the mode-line data
52628
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1739 structure, and make @var{form} evaluate to a string that has a text
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1740 property.
25751
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1741 @end enumerate
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1742
29102
ba9cfbfc601e *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 29076
diff changeset
1743 You use the @code{local-map} property to specify a keymap. Like any
25751
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1744 keymap, it can bind character keys and function keys; but that has no
25875
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25751
diff changeset
1745 effect, since it is impossible to move point into the mode line. This
25751
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1746 keymap can only take real effect for mouse clicks.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1747
59942
1f6a9cf44999 (Major Mode Conventions): Mention "system abbrevs".
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59516
diff changeset
1748 When the mode line refers to a variable which does not have a
1f6a9cf44999 (Major Mode Conventions): Mention "system abbrevs".
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59516
diff changeset
1749 non-@code{nil} @code{risky-local-variable} property, any text
1f6a9cf44999 (Major Mode Conventions): Mention "system abbrevs".
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59516
diff changeset
1750 properties given or specified within that variable's values are
1f6a9cf44999 (Major Mode Conventions): Mention "system abbrevs".
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59516
diff changeset
1751 ignored. This is because such properties could otherwise specify
1f6a9cf44999 (Major Mode Conventions): Mention "system abbrevs".
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59516
diff changeset
1752 functions to be called, and those functions could come from file
1f6a9cf44999 (Major Mode Conventions): Mention "system abbrevs".
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59516
diff changeset
1753 local variables.
1f6a9cf44999 (Major Mode Conventions): Mention "system abbrevs".
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59516
diff changeset
1754
25751
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1755 @node Header Lines
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1756 @subsection Window Header Lines
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1757 @cindex header line (of a window)
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1758 @cindex window header line
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1759
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1760 Starting in Emacs 21, a window can have a @dfn{header line} at the
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1761 top, just as it can have a mode line at the bottom. The header line
52628
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1762 feature works just like the mode-line feature, except that it's
25751
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1763 controlled by different variables.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1764
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1765 @tindex header-line-format
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1766 @defvar header-line-format
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1767 This variable, local in every buffer, specifies how to display the
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1768 header line, for windows displaying the buffer. The format of the value
26783
626ae4bb4994 Fix makeinfo complaints.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26696
diff changeset
1769 is the same as for @code{mode-line-format} (@pxref{Mode Line Data}).
25751
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1770 @end defvar
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1771
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1772 @tindex default-header-line-format
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1773 @defvar default-header-line-format
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1774 This variable holds the default @code{header-line-format} for buffers
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1775 that do not override it. This is the same as @code{(default-value
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1776 'header-line-format)}.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1777
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1778 It is normally @code{nil}, so that ordinary buffers have no header line.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1779 @end defvar
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
1780
52187
a39b6df244a7 (Emulating Mode Line): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52001
diff changeset
1781 @node Emulating Mode Line
52628
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1782 @subsection Emulating Mode-Line Formatting
52187
a39b6df244a7 (Emulating Mode Line): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52001
diff changeset
1783
a39b6df244a7 (Emulating Mode Line): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52001
diff changeset
1784 You can use the function @code{format-mode-line} to compute
a39b6df244a7 (Emulating Mode Line): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52001
diff changeset
1785 the text that would appear in a mode line or header line
52628
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
1786 based on certain mode-line specification.
52187
a39b6df244a7 (Emulating Mode Line): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52001
diff changeset
1787
59516
f50d20947c20 (Emulating Mode Line): Update format-mode-line entry.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 59492
diff changeset
1788 @defun format-mode-line format &optional face window buffer
52187
a39b6df244a7 (Emulating Mode Line): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52001
diff changeset
1789 This function formats a line of text according to @var{format} as if
a39b6df244a7 (Emulating Mode Line): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52001
diff changeset
1790 it were generating the mode line for @var{window}, but instead of
a39b6df244a7 (Emulating Mode Line): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52001
diff changeset
1791 displaying the text in the mode line or the header line, it returns
59389
f1eb5a3ef974 (Emulating Mode Line): format-mode-line requires 1 arg.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59138
diff changeset
1792 the text as a string. The argument @var{window} defaults to the
f1eb5a3ef974 (Emulating Mode Line): format-mode-line requires 1 arg.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59138
diff changeset
1793 selected window. If @var{buffer} is non-@code{nil}, all the
f1eb5a3ef974 (Emulating Mode Line): format-mode-line requires 1 arg.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59138
diff changeset
1794 information used is taken from @var{buffer}; by default, it comes from
f1eb5a3ef974 (Emulating Mode Line): format-mode-line requires 1 arg.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59138
diff changeset
1795 @var{window}'s buffer.
52187
a39b6df244a7 (Emulating Mode Line): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52001
diff changeset
1796
a39b6df244a7 (Emulating Mode Line): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52001
diff changeset
1797 The value string normally has text properties that correspond to the
59492
8732f8552b7d (Emulating Mode Line): Doc FACE arg in format-header-line.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59389
diff changeset
1798 faces, keymaps, etc., that the mode line would have. And any character
8732f8552b7d (Emulating Mode Line): Doc FACE arg in format-header-line.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59389
diff changeset
1799 for which no @code{face} property is specified gets a default
8732f8552b7d (Emulating Mode Line): Doc FACE arg in format-header-line.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59389
diff changeset
1800 value which is usually @var{face}. (If @var{face} is @code{t},
8732f8552b7d (Emulating Mode Line): Doc FACE arg in format-header-line.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59389
diff changeset
1801 that stands for either @code{mode-line} if @var{window} is selected,
8732f8552b7d (Emulating Mode Line): Doc FACE arg in format-header-line.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59389
diff changeset
1802 otherwise @code{mode-line-inactive}.)
8732f8552b7d (Emulating Mode Line): Doc FACE arg in format-header-line.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59389
diff changeset
1803
59516
f50d20947c20 (Emulating Mode Line): Update format-mode-line entry.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 59492
diff changeset
1804 However, if @var{face} is an integer, the value has no text properties.
59389
f1eb5a3ef974 (Emulating Mode Line): format-mode-line requires 1 arg.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59138
diff changeset
1805
f1eb5a3ef974 (Emulating Mode Line): format-mode-line requires 1 arg.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59138
diff changeset
1806 For example, @code{(format-mode-line header-line-format)} returns the
f1eb5a3ef974 (Emulating Mode Line): format-mode-line requires 1 arg.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59138
diff changeset
1807 text that would appear in the selected window's header line (@code{""}
59492
8732f8552b7d (Emulating Mode Line): Doc FACE arg in format-header-line.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59389
diff changeset
1808 if it has no header line). @code{(format-mode-line header-line-format
59516
f50d20947c20 (Emulating Mode Line): Update format-mode-line entry.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 59492
diff changeset
1809 'header-line)} returns the same text, with each character
59492
8732f8552b7d (Emulating Mode Line): Doc FACE arg in format-header-line.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59389
diff changeset
1810 carrying the face that it will have in the header line itself.
52187
a39b6df244a7 (Emulating Mode Line): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52001
diff changeset
1811 @end defun
a39b6df244a7 (Emulating Mode Line): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52001
diff changeset
1812
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1813 @node Imenu
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1814 @section Imenu
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1815
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1816 @cindex Imenu
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1817 @dfn{Imenu} is a feature that lets users select a definition or
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1818 section in the buffer, from a menu which lists all of them, to go
52001
b96d92c96bd1 (Imenu): Add xref to Emacs Manual node on Imenu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 51917
diff changeset
1819 directly to that location in the buffer. Imenu works by constructing
b96d92c96bd1 (Imenu): Add xref to Emacs Manual node on Imenu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 51917
diff changeset
1820 a buffer index which lists the names and buffer positions of the
25875
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25751
diff changeset
1821 definitions, or other named portions of the buffer; then the user can
59942
1f6a9cf44999 (Major Mode Conventions): Mention "system abbrevs".
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59516
diff changeset
1822 choose one of them and move point to it. Major modes can add a menu
1f6a9cf44999 (Major Mode Conventions): Mention "system abbrevs".
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59516
diff changeset
1823 bar item to use Imenu using @code{imenu-add-to-menubar}.
1f6a9cf44999 (Major Mode Conventions): Mention "system abbrevs".
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59516
diff changeset
1824
1f6a9cf44999 (Major Mode Conventions): Mention "system abbrevs".
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59516
diff changeset
1825 @defun imenu-add-to-menubar name
1f6a9cf44999 (Major Mode Conventions): Mention "system abbrevs".
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59516
diff changeset
1826 This function defines a local menu bar item named @var{name}
1f6a9cf44999 (Major Mode Conventions): Mention "system abbrevs".
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59516
diff changeset
1827 to run Imenu.
1f6a9cf44999 (Major Mode Conventions): Mention "system abbrevs".
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59516
diff changeset
1828 @end defun
1f6a9cf44999 (Major Mode Conventions): Mention "system abbrevs".
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59516
diff changeset
1829
1f6a9cf44999 (Major Mode Conventions): Mention "system abbrevs".
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59516
diff changeset
1830 The user-level commands for using Imenu are described in the Emacs
1f6a9cf44999 (Major Mode Conventions): Mention "system abbrevs".
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59516
diff changeset
1831 Manual (@pxref{Imenu,, Imenu, emacs, the Emacs Manual}). This section
1f6a9cf44999 (Major Mode Conventions): Mention "system abbrevs".
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59516
diff changeset
1832 explains how to customize Imenu's method of finding definitions or
1f6a9cf44999 (Major Mode Conventions): Mention "system abbrevs".
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59516
diff changeset
1833 buffer portions for a particular major mode.
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1834
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1835 The usual and simplest way is to set the variable
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1836 @code{imenu-generic-expression}:
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1837
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1838 @defvar imenu-generic-expression
52744
c81c292a982b (Major Mode Conventions): Mention third way to set up Imenu.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52663
diff changeset
1839 This variable, if non-@code{nil}, is a list that specifies regular
c81c292a982b (Major Mode Conventions): Mention third way to set up Imenu.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52663
diff changeset
1840 expressions for finding definitions for Imenu. Simple elements of
c81c292a982b (Major Mode Conventions): Mention third way to set up Imenu.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52663
diff changeset
1841 @code{imenu-generic-expression} look like this:
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1842
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1843 @example
52744
c81c292a982b (Major Mode Conventions): Mention third way to set up Imenu.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52663
diff changeset
1844 (@var{menu-title} @var{regexp} @var{index})
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1845 @end example
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1846
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1847 Here, if @var{menu-title} is non-@code{nil}, it says that the matches
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1848 for this element should go in a submenu of the buffer index;
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1849 @var{menu-title} itself specifies the name for the submenu. If
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1850 @var{menu-title} is @code{nil}, the matches for this element go directly
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1851 in the top level of the buffer index.
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1852
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1853 The second item in the list, @var{regexp}, is a regular expression
52744
c81c292a982b (Major Mode Conventions): Mention third way to set up Imenu.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52663
diff changeset
1854 (@pxref{Regular Expressions}); anything in the buffer that it matches
c81c292a982b (Major Mode Conventions): Mention third way to set up Imenu.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52663
diff changeset
1855 is considered a definition, something to mention in the buffer index.
c81c292a982b (Major Mode Conventions): Mention third way to set up Imenu.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52663
diff changeset
1856 The third item, @var{index}, is a non-negative integer that indicates
c81c292a982b (Major Mode Conventions): Mention third way to set up Imenu.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52663
diff changeset
1857 which subexpression in @var{regexp} matches the definition's name.
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1858
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1859 An element can also look like this:
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1860
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1861 @example
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1862 (@var{menu-title} @var{regexp} @var{index} @var{function} @var{arguments}@dots{})
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1863 @end example
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1864
52744
c81c292a982b (Major Mode Conventions): Mention third way to set up Imenu.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52663
diff changeset
1865 Like in the previous case, each match for this element creates an
c81c292a982b (Major Mode Conventions): Mention third way to set up Imenu.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52663
diff changeset
1866 index item. However, if this index item is selected by the user, it
c81c292a982b (Major Mode Conventions): Mention third way to set up Imenu.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52663
diff changeset
1867 calls @var{function} with arguments consisting of the item name, the
c81c292a982b (Major Mode Conventions): Mention third way to set up Imenu.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52663
diff changeset
1868 buffer position, and @var{arguments}.
c81c292a982b (Major Mode Conventions): Mention third way to set up Imenu.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52663
diff changeset
1869
c81c292a982b (Major Mode Conventions): Mention third way to set up Imenu.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52663
diff changeset
1870 For Emacs Lisp mode, @code{imenu-generic-expression} could look like
c81c292a982b (Major Mode Conventions): Mention third way to set up Imenu.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52663
diff changeset
1871 this:
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1872
22138
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
1873 @c should probably use imenu-syntax-alist and \\sw rather than [-A-Za-z0-9+]
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1874 @example
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1875 @group
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1876 ((nil "^\\s-*(def\\(un\\|subst\\|macro\\|advice\\)\
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1877 \\s-+\\([-A-Za-z0-9+]+\\)" 2)
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1878 @end group
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1879 @group
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1880 ("*Vars*" "^\\s-*(def\\(var\\|const\\)\
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1881 \\s-+\\([-A-Za-z0-9+]+\\)" 2)
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1882 @end group
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1883 @group
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1884 ("*Types*"
22138
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
1885 "^\\s-*\
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
1886 (def\\(type\\|struct\\|class\\|ine-condition\\)\
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1887 \\s-+\\([-A-Za-z0-9+]+\\)" 2))
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1888 @end group
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1889 @end example
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1890
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1891 Setting this variable makes it buffer-local in the current buffer.
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1892 @end defvar
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1893
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1894 @defvar imenu-case-fold-search
52744
c81c292a982b (Major Mode Conventions): Mention third way to set up Imenu.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52663
diff changeset
1895 This variable controls whether matching against the regular
c81c292a982b (Major Mode Conventions): Mention third way to set up Imenu.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52663
diff changeset
1896 expressions in the value of @code{imenu-generic-expression} is
c81c292a982b (Major Mode Conventions): Mention third way to set up Imenu.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52663
diff changeset
1897 case-sensitive: @code{t}, the default, means matching should ignore
c81c292a982b (Major Mode Conventions): Mention third way to set up Imenu.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52663
diff changeset
1898 case.
22138
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
1899
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
1900 Setting this variable makes it buffer-local in the current buffer.
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
1901 @end defvar
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
1902
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
1903 @defvar imenu-syntax-alist
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
1904 This variable is an alist of syntax table modifiers to use while
22252
40089afa2b1d *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 22138
diff changeset
1905 processing @code{imenu-generic-expression}, to override the syntax table
40089afa2b1d *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 22138
diff changeset
1906 of the current buffer. Each element should have this form:
22138
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
1907
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
1908 @example
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
1909 (@var{characters} . @var{syntax-description})
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
1910 @end example
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
1911
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
1912 The @sc{car}, @var{characters}, can be either a character or a string.
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
1913 The element says to give that character or characters the syntax
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
1914 specified by @var{syntax-description}, which is passed to
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
1915 @code{modify-syntax-entry} (@pxref{Syntax Table Functions}).
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
1916
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
1917 This feature is typically used to give word syntax to characters which
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
1918 normally have symbol syntax, and thus to simplify
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
1919 @code{imenu-generic-expression} and speed up matching.
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
1920 For example, Fortran mode uses it this way:
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
1921
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
1922 @example
52001
b96d92c96bd1 (Imenu): Add xref to Emacs Manual node on Imenu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 51917
diff changeset
1923 (setq imenu-syntax-alist '(("_$" . "w")))
22138
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
1924 @end example
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
1925
52744
c81c292a982b (Major Mode Conventions): Mention third way to set up Imenu.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52663
diff changeset
1926 The @code{imenu-generic-expression} regular expressions can then use
c81c292a982b (Major Mode Conventions): Mention third way to set up Imenu.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52663
diff changeset
1927 @samp{\\sw+} instead of @samp{\\(\\sw\\|\\s_\\)+}. Note that this
c81c292a982b (Major Mode Conventions): Mention third way to set up Imenu.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52663
diff changeset
1928 technique may be inconvenient when the mode needs to limit the initial
c81c292a982b (Major Mode Conventions): Mention third way to set up Imenu.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52663
diff changeset
1929 character of a name to a smaller set of characters than are allowed in
c81c292a982b (Major Mode Conventions): Mention third way to set up Imenu.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52663
diff changeset
1930 the rest of a name.
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1931
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1932 Setting this variable makes it buffer-local in the current buffer.
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1933 @end defvar
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1934
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1935 Another way to customize Imenu for a major mode is to set the
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1936 variables @code{imenu-prev-index-position-function} and
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1937 @code{imenu-extract-index-name-function}:
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1938
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1939 @defvar imenu-prev-index-position-function
27332
5cfe77eaff45 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 27189
diff changeset
1940 If this variable is non-@code{nil}, its value should be a function that
25875
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25751
diff changeset
1941 finds the next ``definition'' to put in the buffer index, scanning
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25751
diff changeset
1942 backward in the buffer from point. It should return @code{nil} if it
48700
df6767370b43 Fix typo.
Pavel Janík <Pavel@Janik.cz>
parents: 46914
diff changeset
1943 doesn't find another ``definition'' before point. Otherwise it should
25875
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25751
diff changeset
1944 leave point at the place it finds a ``definition,'' and return any
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25751
diff changeset
1945 non-@code{nil} value.
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1946
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1947 Setting this variable makes it buffer-local in the current buffer.
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1948 @end defvar
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1949
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 17278
diff changeset
1950 @defvar imenu-extract-index-name-function
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1951 If this variable is non-@code{nil}, its value should be a function to
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1952 return the name for a definition, assuming point is in that definition
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1953 as the @code{imenu-prev-index-position-function} function would leave
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1954 it.
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1955
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1956 Setting this variable makes it buffer-local in the current buffer.
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1957 @end defvar
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1958
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1959 The last way to customize Imenu for a major mode is to set the
25875
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25751
diff changeset
1960 variable @code{imenu-create-index-function}:
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1961
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
1962 @defvar imenu-create-index-function
52744
c81c292a982b (Major Mode Conventions): Mention third way to set up Imenu.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52663
diff changeset
1963 This variable specifies the function to use for creating a buffer
c81c292a982b (Major Mode Conventions): Mention third way to set up Imenu.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52663
diff changeset
1964 index. The function should take no arguments, and return an index
c81c292a982b (Major Mode Conventions): Mention third way to set up Imenu.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52663
diff changeset
1965 alist for the current buffer. It is called within
c81c292a982b (Major Mode Conventions): Mention third way to set up Imenu.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52663
diff changeset
1966 @code{save-excursion}, so where it leaves point makes no difference.
c81c292a982b (Major Mode Conventions): Mention third way to set up Imenu.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52663
diff changeset
1967
c81c292a982b (Major Mode Conventions): Mention third way to set up Imenu.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52663
diff changeset
1968 The index alist can have three types of elements. Simple elements
c81c292a982b (Major Mode Conventions): Mention third way to set up Imenu.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52663
diff changeset
1969 look like this:
c81c292a982b (Major Mode Conventions): Mention third way to set up Imenu.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52663
diff changeset
1970
c81c292a982b (Major Mode Conventions): Mention third way to set up Imenu.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52663
diff changeset
1971 @example
c81c292a982b (Major Mode Conventions): Mention third way to set up Imenu.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52663
diff changeset
1972 (@var{index-name} . @var{index-position})
c81c292a982b (Major Mode Conventions): Mention third way to set up Imenu.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52663
diff changeset
1973 @end example
c81c292a982b (Major Mode Conventions): Mention third way to set up Imenu.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52663
diff changeset
1974
c81c292a982b (Major Mode Conventions): Mention third way to set up Imenu.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52663
diff changeset
1975 Selecting a simple element has the effect of moving to position
c81c292a982b (Major Mode Conventions): Mention third way to set up Imenu.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52663
diff changeset
1976 @var{index-position} in the buffer. Special elements look like this:
c81c292a982b (Major Mode Conventions): Mention third way to set up Imenu.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52663
diff changeset
1977
c81c292a982b (Major Mode Conventions): Mention third way to set up Imenu.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52663
diff changeset
1978 @example
c81c292a982b (Major Mode Conventions): Mention third way to set up Imenu.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52663
diff changeset
1979 (@var{index-name} @var{index-position} @var{function} @var{arguments}@dots{})
c81c292a982b (Major Mode Conventions): Mention third way to set up Imenu.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52663
diff changeset
1980 @end example
c81c292a982b (Major Mode Conventions): Mention third way to set up Imenu.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52663
diff changeset
1981
c81c292a982b (Major Mode Conventions): Mention third way to set up Imenu.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52663
diff changeset
1982 Selecting a special element performs:
c81c292a982b (Major Mode Conventions): Mention third way to set up Imenu.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52663
diff changeset
1983
c81c292a982b (Major Mode Conventions): Mention third way to set up Imenu.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52663
diff changeset
1984 @example
52800
d738115b4197 (Faces for Font Lock): Fix typo.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52744
diff changeset
1985 (funcall @var{function}
52744
c81c292a982b (Major Mode Conventions): Mention third way to set up Imenu.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52663
diff changeset
1986 @var{index-name} @var{index-position} @var{arguments}@dots{})
c81c292a982b (Major Mode Conventions): Mention third way to set up Imenu.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52663
diff changeset
1987 @end example
c81c292a982b (Major Mode Conventions): Mention third way to set up Imenu.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52663
diff changeset
1988
c81c292a982b (Major Mode Conventions): Mention third way to set up Imenu.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52663
diff changeset
1989 A nested sub-alist element looks like this:
c81c292a982b (Major Mode Conventions): Mention third way to set up Imenu.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52663
diff changeset
1990
c81c292a982b (Major Mode Conventions): Mention third way to set up Imenu.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52663
diff changeset
1991 @example
52802
675fbfca3a2a (Imenu): Mention imenu-create-index-function's default value.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52800
diff changeset
1992 (@var{menu-title} @var{sub-alist})
52744
c81c292a982b (Major Mode Conventions): Mention third way to set up Imenu.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52663
diff changeset
1993 @end example
c81c292a982b (Major Mode Conventions): Mention third way to set up Imenu.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52663
diff changeset
1994
52802
675fbfca3a2a (Imenu): Mention imenu-create-index-function's default value.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52800
diff changeset
1995 It creates the submenu @var{menu-title} specified by @var{sub-alist}.
675fbfca3a2a (Imenu): Mention imenu-create-index-function's default value.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52800
diff changeset
1996
675fbfca3a2a (Imenu): Mention imenu-create-index-function's default value.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52800
diff changeset
1997 The default value of @code{imenu-create-index-function} is
675fbfca3a2a (Imenu): Mention imenu-create-index-function's default value.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52800
diff changeset
1998 @code{imenu-default-create-index-function}. This function uses
675fbfca3a2a (Imenu): Mention imenu-create-index-function's default value.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52800
diff changeset
1999 @code{imenu-prev-index-position-function} and
52744
c81c292a982b (Major Mode Conventions): Mention third way to set up Imenu.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52663
diff changeset
2000 @code{imenu-extract-index-name-function} to produce the index alist.
c81c292a982b (Major Mode Conventions): Mention third way to set up Imenu.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52663
diff changeset
2001 However, if either of these two variables is @code{nil}, the default
c81c292a982b (Major Mode Conventions): Mention third way to set up Imenu.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52663
diff changeset
2002 function uses @code{imenu-generic-expression} instead.
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2003
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2004 Setting this variable makes it buffer-local in the current buffer.
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2005 @end defvar
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2006
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2007 @node Font Lock Mode
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2008 @section Font Lock Mode
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2009 @cindex Font Lock Mode
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parents: 17278
diff changeset
2010
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parents: 17278
diff changeset
2011 @dfn{Font Lock mode} is a feature that automatically attaches
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2012 @code{face} properties to certain parts of the buffer based on their
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2013 syntactic role. How it parses the buffer depends on the major mode;
25875
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Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25751
diff changeset
2014 most major modes define syntactic criteria for which faces to use in
21682
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2015 which contexts. This section explains how to customize Font Lock for a
25875
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Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25751
diff changeset
2016 particular major mode.
21007
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2017
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2018 Font Lock mode finds text to highlight in two ways: through syntactic
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parents: 17278
diff changeset
2019 parsing based on the syntax table, and through searching (usually for
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2020 regular expressions). Syntactic fontification happens first; it finds
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2021 comments and string constants, and highlights them using
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2022 @code{font-lock-comment-face} and @code{font-lock-string-face}
25875
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parents: 25751
diff changeset
2023 (@pxref{Faces for Font Lock}). Search-based fontification follows.
21007
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parents: 17278
diff changeset
2024
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2025 @menu
59942
1f6a9cf44999 (Major Mode Conventions): Mention "system abbrevs".
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59516
diff changeset
2026 * Font Lock Basics:: Overview of customizing Font Lock.
1f6a9cf44999 (Major Mode Conventions): Mention "system abbrevs".
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59516
diff changeset
2027 * Search-based Fontification:: Fontification based on regexps.
1f6a9cf44999 (Major Mode Conventions): Mention "system abbrevs".
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59516
diff changeset
2028 * Other Font Lock Variables:: Additional customization facilities.
1f6a9cf44999 (Major Mode Conventions): Mention "system abbrevs".
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59516
diff changeset
2029 * Levels of Font Lock:: Each mode can define alternative levels
1f6a9cf44999 (Major Mode Conventions): Mention "system abbrevs".
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59516
diff changeset
2030 so that the user can select more or less.
1f6a9cf44999 (Major Mode Conventions): Mention "system abbrevs".
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59516
diff changeset
2031 * Precalculated Fontification:: How Lisp programs that produce the buffer
1f6a9cf44999 (Major Mode Conventions): Mention "system abbrevs".
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59516
diff changeset
2032 contents can also specify how to fontify it.
1f6a9cf44999 (Major Mode Conventions): Mention "system abbrevs".
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59516
diff changeset
2033 * Faces for Font Lock:: Special faces specifically for Font Lock.
1f6a9cf44999 (Major Mode Conventions): Mention "system abbrevs".
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59516
diff changeset
2034 * Syntactic Font Lock:: Defining character syntax based on context
1f6a9cf44999 (Major Mode Conventions): Mention "system abbrevs".
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59516
diff changeset
2035 using the Font Lock mechanism.
21007
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parents: 17278
diff changeset
2036 @end menu
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parents: 17278
diff changeset
2037
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parents: 17278
diff changeset
2038 @node Font Lock Basics
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parents: 17278
diff changeset
2039 @subsection Font Lock Basics
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parents: 17278
diff changeset
2040
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parents: 17278
diff changeset
2041 There are several variables that control how Font Lock mode highlights
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parents: 17278
diff changeset
2042 text. But major modes should not set any of these variables directly.
24934
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Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 22274
diff changeset
2043 Instead, they should set @code{font-lock-defaults} as a buffer-local
21682
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2044 variable. The value assigned to this variable is used, if and when Font
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2045 Lock mode is enabled, to set all the other variables.
21007
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parents: 17278
diff changeset
2046
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parents: 17278
diff changeset
2047 @defvar font-lock-defaults
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2048 This variable is set by major modes, as a buffer-local variable, to
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2049 specify how to fontify text in that mode. The value should look like
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2050 this:
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2051
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2052 @example
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2053 (@var{keywords} @var{keywords-only} @var{case-fold}
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2054 @var{syntax-alist} @var{syntax-begin} @var{other-vars}@dots{})
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2055 @end example
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2056
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2057 The first element, @var{keywords}, indirectly specifies the value of
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2058 @code{font-lock-keywords}. It can be a symbol, a variable whose value
25875
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Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25751
diff changeset
2059 is the list to use for @code{font-lock-keywords}. It can also be a list of
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2060 several such symbols, one for each possible level of fontification. The
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2061 first symbol specifies how to do level 1 fontification, the second
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2062 symbol how to do level 2, and so on.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2063
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2064 The second element, @var{keywords-only}, specifies the value of the
22138
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
2065 variable @code{font-lock-keywords-only}. If this is non-@code{nil},
21682
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2066 syntactic fontification (of strings and comments) is not performed.
21007
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2067
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2068 The third element, @var{case-fold}, specifies the value of
58231
e8e266a5fe20 (Font Lock Basics): Fix typo.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents: 57213
diff changeset
2069 @code{font-lock-keywords-case-fold-search}. If it is non-@code{nil}, Font Lock
21682
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2070 mode ignores case when searching as directed by
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2071 @code{font-lock-keywords}.
21007
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parents: 17278
diff changeset
2072
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parents: 17278
diff changeset
2073 If the fourth element, @var{syntax-alist}, is non-@code{nil}, it should be
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2074 a list of cons cells of the form @code{(@var{char-or-string}
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2075 . @var{string})}. These are used to set up a syntax table for
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2076 fontification (@pxref{Syntax Table Functions}). The resulting syntax
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2077 table is stored in @code{font-lock-syntax-table}.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2078
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2079 The fifth element, @var{syntax-begin}, specifies the value of
21682
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2080 @code{font-lock-beginning-of-syntax-function} (see below).
21007
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2081
25875
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Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25751
diff changeset
2082 All the remaining elements (if any) are collectively called
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Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25751
diff changeset
2083 @var{other-vars}. Each of these elements should have the form
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Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25751
diff changeset
2084 @code{(@var{variable} . @var{value})}---which means, make @var{variable}
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25751
diff changeset
2085 buffer-local and then set it to @var{value}. You can use these
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25751
diff changeset
2086 @var{other-vars} to set other variables that affect fontification,
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25751
diff changeset
2087 aside from those you can control with the first five elements.
21007
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2088 @end defvar
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parents: 17278
diff changeset
2089
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2090 @node Search-based Fontification
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2091 @subsection Search-based Fontification
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2092
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2093 The most important variable for customizing Font Lock mode is
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2094 @code{font-lock-keywords}. It specifies the search criteria for
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2095 search-based fontification.
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2096
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2097 @defvar font-lock-keywords
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2098 This variable's value is a list of the keywords to highlight. Be
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2099 careful when composing regular expressions for this list; a poorly
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2100 written pattern can dramatically slow things down!
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2101 @end defvar
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2102
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2103 Each element of @code{font-lock-keywords} specifies how to find
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2104 certain cases of text, and how to highlight those cases. Font Lock mode
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2105 processes the elements of @code{font-lock-keywords} one by one, and for
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2106 each element, it finds and handles all matches. Ordinarily, once
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2107 part of the text has been fontified already, this cannot be overridden
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2108 by a subsequent match in the same text; but you can specify different
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2109 behavior using the @var{override} element of a @var{highlighter}.
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2110
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2111 Each element of @code{font-lock-keywords} should have one of these
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2112 forms:
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2113
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2114 @table @code
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2115 @item @var{regexp}
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2116 Highlight all matches for @var{regexp} using
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2117 @code{font-lock-keyword-face}. For example,
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2118
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2119 @example
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2120 ;; @r{Highlight discrete occurrences of @samp{foo}}
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2121 ;; @r{using @code{font-lock-keyword-face}.}
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2122 "\\<foo\\>"
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2123 @end example
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2124
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2125 The function @code{regexp-opt} (@pxref{Syntax of Regexps}) is useful for
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2126 calculating optimal regular expressions to match a number of different
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2127 keywords.
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2128
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2129 @item @var{function}
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2130 Find text by calling @var{function}, and highlight the matches
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2131 it finds using @code{font-lock-keyword-face}.
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2132
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2133 When @var{function} is called, it receives one argument, the limit of
55687
4d4340e24361 (Search-based Fontification): Fix typo.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents: 55508
diff changeset
2134 the search; it should begin searching at point, and not search beyond the
41938
f8c0a921c536 Improve doc of font-lock-keywords.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 40928
diff changeset
2135 limit. It should return non-@code{nil} if it succeeds, and set the
f8c0a921c536 Improve doc of font-lock-keywords.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 40928
diff changeset
2136 match data to describe the match that was found. Returning @code{nil}
f8c0a921c536 Improve doc of font-lock-keywords.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 40928
diff changeset
2137 indicates failure of the search.
f8c0a921c536 Improve doc of font-lock-keywords.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 40928
diff changeset
2138
f8c0a921c536 Improve doc of font-lock-keywords.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 40928
diff changeset
2139 Fontification will call @var{function} repeatedly with the same limit,
f8c0a921c536 Improve doc of font-lock-keywords.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 40928
diff changeset
2140 and with point where the previous invocation left it, until
f8c0a921c536 Improve doc of font-lock-keywords.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 40928
diff changeset
2141 @var{function} fails. On failure, @var{function} need not reset point
f8c0a921c536 Improve doc of font-lock-keywords.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 40928
diff changeset
2142 in any particular way.
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2143
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2144 @item (@var{matcher} . @var{match})
24934
f5e3b4ecd255 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 22274
diff changeset
2145 In this kind of element, @var{matcher} is either a regular
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2146 expression or a function, as described above. The @sc{cdr},
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2147 @var{match}, specifies which subexpression of @var{matcher} should be
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2148 highlighted (instead of the entire text that @var{matcher} matched).
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2149
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2150 @example
25751
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
2151 ;; @r{Highlight the @samp{bar} in each occurrence of @samp{fubar},}
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2152 ;; @r{using @code{font-lock-keyword-face}.}
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2153 ("fu\\(bar\\)" . 1)
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2154 @end example
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2155
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2156 If you use @code{regexp-opt} to produce the regular expression
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2157 @var{matcher}, then you can use @code{regexp-opt-depth} (@pxref{Syntax
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2158 of Regexps}) to calculate the value for @var{match}.
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2159
53430
7abfe409def6 (Search-based Fontification): Explain that
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
2160 @item (@var{matcher} . @var{facespec})
7abfe409def6 (Search-based Fontification): Explain that
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
2161 In this kind of element, @var{facespec} is an object which specifies
7abfe409def6 (Search-based Fontification): Explain that
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
2162 the face variable to use for highlighting. In the simplest case, it
7abfe409def6 (Search-based Fontification): Explain that
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
2163 is a Lisp variable (a symbol), whose value should be a face name.
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2164
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2165 @example
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2166 ;; @r{Highlight occurrences of @samp{fubar},}
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2167 ;; @r{using the face which is the value of @code{fubar-face}.}
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2168 ("fubar" . fubar-face)
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2169 @end example
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2170
53430
7abfe409def6 (Search-based Fontification): Explain that
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
2171 However, @var{facespec} can also be a list of the form
51917
3039afbb0746 (Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 51794
diff changeset
2172
3039afbb0746 (Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 51794
diff changeset
2173 @example
3039afbb0746 (Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 51794
diff changeset
2174 (face @var{face} @var{prop1} @var{val1} @var{prop2} @var{val2}@dots{})
3039afbb0746 (Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 51794
diff changeset
2175 @end example
3039afbb0746 (Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 51794
diff changeset
2176
3039afbb0746 (Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 51794
diff changeset
2177 to specify various text properties to put on the text that matches.
3039afbb0746 (Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 51794
diff changeset
2178 If you do this, be sure to add the other text property names that you
3039afbb0746 (Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 51794
diff changeset
2179 set in this way to the value of @code{font-lock-extra-managed-props}
3039afbb0746 (Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 51794
diff changeset
2180 so that the properties will also be cleared out when they are no longer
3039afbb0746 (Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 51794
diff changeset
2181 appropriate.
3039afbb0746 (Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 51794
diff changeset
2182
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2183 @item (@var{matcher} . @var{highlighter})
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2184 In this kind of element, @var{highlighter} is a list
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2185 which specifies how to highlight matches found by @var{matcher}.
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2186 It has the form
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2187
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2188 @example
53430
7abfe409def6 (Search-based Fontification): Explain that
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
2189 (@var{subexp} @var{facespec} @var{override} @var{laxmatch})
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2190 @end example
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2191
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2192 The @sc{car}, @var{subexp}, is an integer specifying which subexpression
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2193 of the match to fontify (0 means the entire matching text). The second
53430
7abfe409def6 (Search-based Fontification): Explain that
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
2194 subelement, @var{facespec}, specifies the face, as described above.
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2195
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2196 The last two values in @var{highlighter}, @var{override} and
52187
a39b6df244a7 (Emulating Mode Line): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52001
diff changeset
2197 @var{laxmatch}, are flags. If @var{override} is @code{t}, this
a39b6df244a7 (Emulating Mode Line): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52001
diff changeset
2198 element can override existing fontification made by previous elements
a39b6df244a7 (Emulating Mode Line): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52001
diff changeset
2199 of @code{font-lock-keywords}. If it is @code{keep}, then each
a39b6df244a7 (Emulating Mode Line): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52001
diff changeset
2200 character is fontified if it has not been fontified already by some
53430
7abfe409def6 (Search-based Fontification): Explain that
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
2201 other element. If it is @code{prepend}, the face specified by
7abfe409def6 (Search-based Fontification): Explain that
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
2202 @var{facespec} is added to the beginning of the @code{font-lock-face}
7abfe409def6 (Search-based Fontification): Explain that
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
2203 property. If it is @code{append}, the face is added to the end of the
52187
a39b6df244a7 (Emulating Mode Line): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52001
diff changeset
2204 @code{font-lock-face} property.
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2205
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2206 If @var{laxmatch} is non-@code{nil}, it means there should be no error
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2207 if there is no subexpression numbered @var{subexp} in @var{matcher}.
25975
e368b754fe25 Add patch from rms around line 1870.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 25950
diff changeset
2208 Obviously, fontification of the subexpression numbered @var{subexp} will
e368b754fe25 Add patch from rms around line 1870.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 25950
diff changeset
2209 not occur. However, fontification of other subexpressions (and other
e368b754fe25 Add patch from rms around line 1870.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 25950
diff changeset
2210 regexps) will continue. If @var{laxmatch} is @code{nil}, and the
57213
3497eca006fe Various minor changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56768
diff changeset
2211 specified subexpression is missing, then an error is signaled which
25975
e368b754fe25 Add patch from rms around line 1870.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 25950
diff changeset
2212 terminates search-based fontification.
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2213
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2214 Here are some examples of elements of this kind, and what they do:
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2215
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2216 @smallexample
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2217 ;; @r{Highlight occurrences of either @samp{foo} or @samp{bar},}
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2218 ;; @r{using @code{foo-bar-face}, even if they have already been highlighted.}
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2219 ;; @r{@code{foo-bar-face} should be a variable whose value is a face.}
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2220 ("foo\\|bar" 0 foo-bar-face t)
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2221
25751
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24934
diff changeset
2222 ;; @r{Highlight the first subexpression within each occurrence}
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2223 ;; @r{that the function @code{fubar-match} finds,}
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2224 ;; @r{using the face which is the value of @code{fubar-face}.}
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2225 (fubar-match 1 fubar-face)
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2226 @end smallexample
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2227
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2228 @item (@var{matcher} @var{highlighters}@dots{})
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2229 This sort of element specifies several @var{highlighter} lists for a
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2230 single @var{matcher}. In order for this to be useful, each
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2231 @var{highlighter} should have a different value of @var{subexp}; that is,
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2232 each one should apply to a different subexpression of @var{matcher}.
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2233
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2234 @ignore
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2235 @item (@var{matcher} . @var{anchored})
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2236 In this kind of element, @var{anchored} acts much like a
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2237 @var{highlighter}, but it is more complex and can specify multiple
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2238 successive searches.
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2239
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2240 For highlighting single items, typically only @var{highlighter} is
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2241 required. However, if an item or (typically) items are to be
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2242 highlighted following the instance of another item (the anchor) then
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2243 @var{anchored} may be required.
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2244
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2245 It has this format:
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2246
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2247 @example
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2248 (@var{submatcher} @var{pre-match-form} @var{post-match-form} @var{highlighters}@dots{})
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2249 @end example
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2250
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2251 @c I can't parse this text -- rms
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2252 where @var{submatcher} is much like @var{matcher}, with one
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2253 exception---see below. @var{pre-match-form} and @var{post-match-form}
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2254 are evaluated before the first, and after the last, instance
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2255 @var{anchored}'s @var{submatcher} is used. Therefore they can be used
22138
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
2256 to initialize before, and cleanup after, @var{submatcher} is used.
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2257 Typically, @var{pre-match-form} is used to move to some position
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2258 relative to the original @var{submatcher}, before starting with
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2259 @var{anchored}'s @var{submatcher}. @var{post-match-form} might be used
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2260 to move, before resuming with @var{anchored}'s parent's @var{matcher}.
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2261
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2262 For example, an element of the form highlights (if not already highlighted):
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2263
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2264 @example
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2265 ("\\<anchor\\>" (0 anchor-face) ("\\<item\\>" nil nil (0 item-face)))
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2266 @end example
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2267
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2268 Discrete occurrences of @samp{anchor} in the value of
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2269 @code{anchor-face}, and subsequent discrete occurrences of @samp{item}
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2270 (on the same line) in the value of @code{item-face}. (Here
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2271 @var{pre-match-form} and @var{post-match-form} are @code{nil}.
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2272 Therefore @samp{item} is initially searched for starting from the end of
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2273 the match of @samp{anchor}, and searching for subsequent instance of
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2274 @samp{anchor} resumes from where searching for @samp{item} concluded.)
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2275
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2276 The above-mentioned exception is as follows. The limit of the
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2277 @var{submatcher} search defaults to the end of the line after
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2278 @var{pre-match-form} is evaluated. However, if @var{pre-match-form}
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2279 returns a position greater than the position after @var{pre-match-form}
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2280 is evaluated, that position is used as the limit of the search. It is
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2281 generally a bad idea to return a position greater than the end of the
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2282 line; in other words, the @var{submatcher} search should not span lines.
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2283
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2284 @item (@var{matcher} @var{highlighters-or-anchoreds} ...)
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2285 @end ignore
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2286
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2287 @item (eval . @var{form})
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2288 Here @var{form} is an expression to be evaluated the first time
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2289 this value of @code{font-lock-keywords} is used in a buffer.
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2290 Its value should have one of the forms described in this table.
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2291 @end table
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2292
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2293 @strong{Warning:} Do not design an element of @code{font-lock-keywords}
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2294 to match text which spans lines; this does not work reliably. While
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2295 @code{font-lock-fontify-buffer} handles multi-line patterns correctly,
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2296 updating when you edit the buffer does not, since it considers text one
52956
667459455d3c Document the existance of font-lock-syntactic-face-function and
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents: 52859
diff changeset
2297 line at a time. If you have patterns that typically only span one
667459455d3c Document the existance of font-lock-syntactic-face-function and
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents: 52859
diff changeset
2298 line but can occasionally span two or three, such as
667459455d3c Document the existance of font-lock-syntactic-face-function and
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents: 52859
diff changeset
2299 @samp{<title>...</title>}, you can ask font-lock to be more careful by
667459455d3c Document the existance of font-lock-syntactic-face-function and
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents: 52859
diff changeset
2300 setting @code{font-lock-multiline} to @code{t}. But it still will not
667459455d3c Document the existance of font-lock-syntactic-face-function and
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents: 52859
diff changeset
2301 work in all cases.
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2302
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2303 @node Other Font Lock Variables
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2304 @subsection Other Font Lock Variables
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2305
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2306 This section describes additional variables that a major mode
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2307 can set by means of @code{font-lock-defaults}.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2308
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2309 @defvar font-lock-keywords-only
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2310 Non-@code{nil} means Font Lock should not fontify comments or strings
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2311 syntactically; it should only fontify based on
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2312 @code{font-lock-keywords}.
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2313 @end defvar
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2314
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2315 @ignore
22138
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
2316 Other variables include those for buffer-specialized fontification functions,
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2317 `font-lock-fontify-buffer-function', `font-lock-unfontify-buffer-function',
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2318 `font-lock-fontify-region-function', `font-lock-unfontify-region-function',
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2319 `font-lock-inhibit-thing-lock' and `font-lock-maximum-size'.
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2320 @end ignore
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2321
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2322 @defvar font-lock-keywords-case-fold-search
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2323 Non-@code{nil} means that regular expression matching for the sake of
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2324 @code{font-lock-keywords} should be case-insensitive.
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2325 @end defvar
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2326
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2327 @defvar font-lock-syntax-table
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2328 This variable specifies the syntax table to use for fontification of
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2329 comments and strings.
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2330 @end defvar
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2331
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2332 @defvar font-lock-beginning-of-syntax-function
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2333 If this variable is non-@code{nil}, it should be a function to move
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2334 point back to a position that is syntactically at ``top level'' and
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2335 outside of strings or comments. Font Lock uses this when necessary
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2336 to get the right results for syntactic fontification.
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2337
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2338 This function is called with no arguments. It should leave point at the
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2339 beginning of any enclosing syntactic block. Typical values are
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2340 @code{beginning-of-line} (i.e., the start of the line is known to be
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2341 outside a syntactic block), or @code{beginning-of-defun} for programming
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2342 modes or @code{backward-paragraph} for textual modes (i.e., the
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2343 mode-dependent function is known to move outside a syntactic block).
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2344
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2345 If the value is @code{nil}, the beginning of the buffer is used as a
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2346 position outside of a syntactic block. This cannot be wrong, but it can
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2347 be slow.
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2348 @end defvar
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2349
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2350 @defvar font-lock-mark-block-function
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2351 If this variable is non-@code{nil}, it should be a function that is
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2352 called with no arguments, to choose an enclosing range of text for
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2353 refontification for the command @kbd{M-g M-g}
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2354 (@code{font-lock-fontify-block}).
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2355
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2356 The function should report its choice by placing the region around it.
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2357 A good choice is a range of text large enough to give proper results,
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2358 but not too large so that refontification becomes slow. Typical values
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2359 are @code{mark-defun} for programming modes or @code{mark-paragraph} for
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2360 textual modes.
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2361 @end defvar
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2362
51917
3039afbb0746 (Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 51794
diff changeset
2363 @defvar font-lock-extra-managed-props
52187
a39b6df244a7 (Emulating Mode Line): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52001
diff changeset
2364 Additional properties (other than @code{font-lock-face}) that are
a39b6df244a7 (Emulating Mode Line): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52001
diff changeset
2365 being managed by Font Lock mode. Font Lock mode normally manages only
a39b6df244a7 (Emulating Mode Line): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52001
diff changeset
2366 the @code{font-lock-face} property; if you want it to manage others as
53430
7abfe409def6 (Search-based Fontification): Explain that
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52978
diff changeset
2367 well, you must specify them in a @var{facespec} in
52187
a39b6df244a7 (Emulating Mode Line): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52001
diff changeset
2368 @code{font-lock-keywords} as well as adding them to this list.
51917
3039afbb0746 (Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 51794
diff changeset
2369 @end defvar
3039afbb0746 (Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 51794
diff changeset
2370
52956
667459455d3c Document the existance of font-lock-syntactic-face-function and
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents: 52859
diff changeset
2371 @defvar font-lock-syntactic-face-function
667459455d3c Document the existance of font-lock-syntactic-face-function and
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents: 52859
diff changeset
2372 A function to determine which face to use for a given syntactic
667459455d3c Document the existance of font-lock-syntactic-face-function and
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents: 52859
diff changeset
2373 element (a string or a comment). The function is called with one
667459455d3c Document the existance of font-lock-syntactic-face-function and
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents: 52859
diff changeset
2374 argument, the parse state at point returned by
667459455d3c Document the existance of font-lock-syntactic-face-function and
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents: 52859
diff changeset
2375 @code{parse-partial-sexp}, and should return a face. The default
667459455d3c Document the existance of font-lock-syntactic-face-function and
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents: 52859
diff changeset
2376 value returns @code{font-lock-comment-face} for comments and
667459455d3c Document the existance of font-lock-syntactic-face-function and
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents: 52859
diff changeset
2377 @code{font-lock-string-face} for strings.
667459455d3c Document the existance of font-lock-syntactic-face-function and
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents: 52859
diff changeset
2378
667459455d3c Document the existance of font-lock-syntactic-face-function and
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents: 52859
diff changeset
2379 This can be used to highlighting different kinds of strings or
667459455d3c Document the existance of font-lock-syntactic-face-function and
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents: 52859
diff changeset
2380 comments differently. It is also sometimes abused together with
667459455d3c Document the existance of font-lock-syntactic-face-function and
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents: 52859
diff changeset
2381 @code{font-lock-syntactic-keywords} to highlight elements that span
667459455d3c Document the existance of font-lock-syntactic-face-function and
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents: 52859
diff changeset
2382 multiple lines, but this is too obscure to document in this manual.
667459455d3c Document the existance of font-lock-syntactic-face-function and
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents: 52859
diff changeset
2383 @end defvar
667459455d3c Document the existance of font-lock-syntactic-face-function and
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents: 52859
diff changeset
2384
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2385 @node Levels of Font Lock
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2386 @subsection Levels of Font Lock
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2387
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2388 Many major modes offer three different levels of fontification. You
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2389 can define multiple levels by using a list of symbols for @var{keywords}
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2390 in @code{font-lock-defaults}. Each symbol specifies one level of
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2391 fontification; it is up to the user to choose one of these levels. The
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2392 chosen level's symbol value is used to initialize
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2393 @code{font-lock-keywords}.
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2394
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2395 Here are the conventions for how to define the levels of
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2396 fontification:
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2397
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2398 @itemize @bullet
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2399 @item
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2400 Level 1: highlight function declarations, file directives (such as include or
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2401 import directives), strings and comments. The idea is speed, so only
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2402 the most important and top-level components are fontified.
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2403
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2404 @item
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2405 Level 2: in addition to level 1, highlight all language keywords,
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2406 including type names that act like keywords, as well as named constant
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2407 values. The idea is that all keywords (either syntactic or semantic)
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2408 should be fontified appropriately.
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2409
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2410 @item
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2411 Level 3: in addition to level 2, highlight the symbols being defined in
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2412 function and variable declarations, and all builtin function names,
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2413 wherever they appear.
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2414 @end itemize
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2415
45684
6f73f208b4ce (Precalcuated Fontification): New node, describing `font-lock-face'.
Colin Walters <walters@gnu.org>
parents: 43677
diff changeset
2416 @node Precalculated Fontification
6f73f208b4ce (Precalcuated Fontification): New node, describing `font-lock-face'.
Colin Walters <walters@gnu.org>
parents: 43677
diff changeset
2417 @subsection Precalculated Fontification
6f73f208b4ce (Precalcuated Fontification): New node, describing `font-lock-face'.
Colin Walters <walters@gnu.org>
parents: 43677
diff changeset
2418
59942
1f6a9cf44999 (Major Mode Conventions): Mention "system abbrevs".
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59516
diff changeset
2419 In addition to using @code{font-lock-defaults} for search-based
45684
6f73f208b4ce (Precalcuated Fontification): New node, describing `font-lock-face'.
Colin Walters <walters@gnu.org>
parents: 43677
diff changeset
2420 fontification, you may use the special character property
6f73f208b4ce (Precalcuated Fontification): New node, describing `font-lock-face'.
Colin Walters <walters@gnu.org>
parents: 43677
diff changeset
2421 @code{font-lock-face} (@pxref{Special Properties}). This property
6f73f208b4ce (Precalcuated Fontification): New node, describing `font-lock-face'.
Colin Walters <walters@gnu.org>
parents: 43677
diff changeset
2422 acts just like the explicit @code{face} property, but its activation
6f73f208b4ce (Precalcuated Fontification): New node, describing `font-lock-face'.
Colin Walters <walters@gnu.org>
parents: 43677
diff changeset
2423 is toggled when the user calls @kbd{M-x font-lock-mode}. Using
52628
74d358d76ea8 (Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52463
diff changeset
2424 @code{font-lock-face} is especially convenient for special modes
45684
6f73f208b4ce (Precalcuated Fontification): New node, describing `font-lock-face'.
Colin Walters <walters@gnu.org>
parents: 43677
diff changeset
2425 which construct their text programmatically, such as
6f73f208b4ce (Precalcuated Fontification): New node, describing `font-lock-face'.
Colin Walters <walters@gnu.org>
parents: 43677
diff changeset
2426 @code{list-buffers} and @code{occur}.
6f73f208b4ce (Precalcuated Fontification): New node, describing `font-lock-face'.
Colin Walters <walters@gnu.org>
parents: 43677
diff changeset
2427
45714
7057566fa4c1 (Precalcuated Fontification): Note how to use `font-lock-core-only'.
Colin Walters <walters@gnu.org>
parents: 45684
diff changeset
2428 If your mode does not use any of the other machinery of Font Lock
7057566fa4c1 (Precalcuated Fontification): Note how to use `font-lock-core-only'.
Colin Walters <walters@gnu.org>
parents: 45684
diff changeset
2429 (i.e. it only uses the @code{font-lock-face} property), you can tell
7057566fa4c1 (Precalcuated Fontification): Note how to use `font-lock-core-only'.
Colin Walters <walters@gnu.org>
parents: 45684
diff changeset
2430 Emacs not to load all of font-lock.el (unless it's already loaded), by
51703
b8860fc285cb Minor Texinfo usage fix.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 51021
diff changeset
2431 setting the variable @code{font-lock-core-only} to non-@code{nil} as
b8860fc285cb Minor Texinfo usage fix.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 51021
diff changeset
2432 part of the @code{font-lock-defaults} settings. Here is the canonical
b8860fc285cb Minor Texinfo usage fix.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 51021
diff changeset
2433 way to do this:
45714
7057566fa4c1 (Precalcuated Fontification): Note how to use `font-lock-core-only'.
Colin Walters <walters@gnu.org>
parents: 45684
diff changeset
2434
7057566fa4c1 (Precalcuated Fontification): Note how to use `font-lock-core-only'.
Colin Walters <walters@gnu.org>
parents: 45684
diff changeset
2435 @example
7057566fa4c1 (Precalcuated Fontification): Note how to use `font-lock-core-only'.
Colin Walters <walters@gnu.org>
parents: 45684
diff changeset
2436 (set (make-local-variable 'font-lock-defaults)
7057566fa4c1 (Precalcuated Fontification): Note how to use `font-lock-core-only'.
Colin Walters <walters@gnu.org>
parents: 45684
diff changeset
2437 '(nil t nil nil nil (font-lock-core-only . t)))
7057566fa4c1 (Precalcuated Fontification): Note how to use `font-lock-core-only'.
Colin Walters <walters@gnu.org>
parents: 45684
diff changeset
2438 @end example
7057566fa4c1 (Precalcuated Fontification): Note how to use `font-lock-core-only'.
Colin Walters <walters@gnu.org>
parents: 45684
diff changeset
2439
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2440 @node Faces for Font Lock
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2441 @subsection Faces for Font Lock
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2442
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2443 You can make Font Lock mode use any face, but several faces are
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2444 defined specifically for Font Lock mode. Each of these symbols is both
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2445 a face name, and a variable whose default value is the symbol itself.
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2446 Thus, the default value of @code{font-lock-comment-face} is
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2447 @code{font-lock-comment-face}. This means you can write
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2448 @code{font-lock-comment-face} in a context such as
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2449 @code{font-lock-keywords} where a face-name-valued expression is used.
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2450
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2451 @table @code
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2452 @item font-lock-comment-face
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2453 @vindex font-lock-comment-face
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2454 Used (typically) for comments.
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2455
59942
1f6a9cf44999 (Major Mode Conventions): Mention "system abbrevs".
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59516
diff changeset
2456 @item font-lock-doc-face
1f6a9cf44999 (Major Mode Conventions): Mention "system abbrevs".
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59516
diff changeset
2457 @vindex font-lock-doc-face
1f6a9cf44999 (Major Mode Conventions): Mention "system abbrevs".
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59516
diff changeset
2458 Used (typically) for documentation strings in the code.
1f6a9cf44999 (Major Mode Conventions): Mention "system abbrevs".
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 59516
diff changeset
2459
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2460 @item font-lock-string-face
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2461 @vindex font-lock-string-face
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2462 Used (typically) for string constants.
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2463
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2464 @item font-lock-keyword-face
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2465 @vindex font-lock-keyword-face
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2466 Used (typically) for keywords---names that have special syntactic
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2467 significance, like @code{for} and @code{if} in C.
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2468
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2469 @item font-lock-builtin-face
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2470 @vindex font-lock-builtin-face
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2471 Used (typically) for built-in function names.
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2472
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2473 @item font-lock-function-name-face
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2474 @vindex font-lock-function-name-face
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2475 Used (typically) for the name of a function being defined or declared,
49600
23a1cea22d13 Trailing whitespace deleted.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 48700
diff changeset
2476 in a function definition or declaration.
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2477
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2478 @item font-lock-variable-name-face
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2479 @vindex font-lock-variable-name-face
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2480 Used (typically) for the name of a variable being defined or declared,
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2481 in a variable definition or declaration.
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2482
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2483 @item font-lock-type-face
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2484 @vindex font-lock-type-face
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2485 Used (typically) for names of user-defined data types,
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2486 where they are defined and where they are used.
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2487
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2488 @item font-lock-constant-face
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2489 @vindex font-lock-constant-face
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2490 Used (typically) for constant names.
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2491
52800
d738115b4197 (Faces for Font Lock): Fix typo.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52744
diff changeset
2492 @item font-lock-preprocessor-face
d738115b4197 (Faces for Font Lock): Fix typo.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52744
diff changeset
2493 @vindex font-lock-preprocessor-face
51917
3039afbb0746 (Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 51794
diff changeset
2494 Used (typically) for preprocessor commands.
3039afbb0746 (Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 51794
diff changeset
2495
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2496 @item font-lock-warning-face
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2497 @vindex font-lock-warning-face
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2498 Used (typically) for constructs that are peculiar, or that greatly
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2499 change the meaning of other text. For example, this is used for
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2500 @samp{;;;###autoload} cookies in Emacs Lisp, and for @code{#error}
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2501 directives in C.
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2502 @end table
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2503
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2504 @node Syntactic Font Lock
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2505 @subsection Syntactic Font Lock
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2506
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2507 Font Lock mode can be used to update @code{syntax-table} properties
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2508 automatically. This is useful in languages for which a single syntax
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2509 table by itself is not sufficient.
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2510
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2511 @defvar font-lock-syntactic-keywords
50693
17c60796aa6a (font-lock-syntactic-keywords): Fix/expand description.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 49600
diff changeset
2512 This variable enables and controls syntactic Font Lock. It is
17c60796aa6a (font-lock-syntactic-keywords): Fix/expand description.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 49600
diff changeset
2513 normally set via @code{font-lock-defaults}. Its value should be a
17c60796aa6a (font-lock-syntactic-keywords): Fix/expand description.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 49600
diff changeset
2514 list of elements of this form:
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2515
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2516 @example
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2517 (@var{matcher} @var{subexp} @var{syntax} @var{override} @var{laxmatch})
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2518 @end example
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2519
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2520 The parts of this element have the same meanings as in the corresponding
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2521 sort of element of @code{font-lock-keywords},
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2522
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2523 @example
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2524 (@var{matcher} @var{subexp} @var{facename} @var{override} @var{laxmatch})
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2525 @end example
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2526
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2527 However, instead of specifying the value @var{facename} to use for the
50693
17c60796aa6a (font-lock-syntactic-keywords): Fix/expand description.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 49600
diff changeset
2528 @code{face} property, it specifies the value @var{syntax} to use for
17c60796aa6a (font-lock-syntactic-keywords): Fix/expand description.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 49600
diff changeset
2529 the @code{syntax-table} property. Here, @var{syntax} can be a string
17c60796aa6a (font-lock-syntactic-keywords): Fix/expand description.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 49600
diff changeset
2530 (as taken by @code{modify-syntax-entry}), a syntax table, a cons cell
17c60796aa6a (font-lock-syntactic-keywords): Fix/expand description.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 49600
diff changeset
2531 (as returned by @code{string-to-syntax}), or an expression whose value
17c60796aa6a (font-lock-syntactic-keywords): Fix/expand description.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 49600
diff changeset
2532 is one of those two types. @var{override} cannot be @code{prepend} or
17c60796aa6a (font-lock-syntactic-keywords): Fix/expand description.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 49600
diff changeset
2533 @code{append}.
17c60796aa6a (font-lock-syntactic-keywords): Fix/expand description.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 49600
diff changeset
2534
17c60796aa6a (font-lock-syntactic-keywords): Fix/expand description.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 49600
diff changeset
2535 For example, an element of the form:
17c60796aa6a (font-lock-syntactic-keywords): Fix/expand description.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 49600
diff changeset
2536
17c60796aa6a (font-lock-syntactic-keywords): Fix/expand description.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 49600
diff changeset
2537 @example
17c60796aa6a (font-lock-syntactic-keywords): Fix/expand description.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 49600
diff changeset
2538 ("\\$\\(#\\)" 1 ".")
17c60796aa6a (font-lock-syntactic-keywords): Fix/expand description.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 49600
diff changeset
2539 @end example
17c60796aa6a (font-lock-syntactic-keywords): Fix/expand description.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 49600
diff changeset
2540
17c60796aa6a (font-lock-syntactic-keywords): Fix/expand description.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 49600
diff changeset
2541 highlights syntactically a hash character when following a dollar
17c60796aa6a (font-lock-syntactic-keywords): Fix/expand description.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 49600
diff changeset
2542 character, with a SYNTAX of @code{"."} (meaning punctuation syntax).
17c60796aa6a (font-lock-syntactic-keywords): Fix/expand description.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 49600
diff changeset
2543 Assuming that the buffer syntax table specifies hash characters to
17c60796aa6a (font-lock-syntactic-keywords): Fix/expand description.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 49600
diff changeset
2544 have comment start syntax, the element will only highlight hash
17c60796aa6a (font-lock-syntactic-keywords): Fix/expand description.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 49600
diff changeset
2545 characters that do not follow dollar characters as comments
17c60796aa6a (font-lock-syntactic-keywords): Fix/expand description.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 49600
diff changeset
2546 syntactically.
17c60796aa6a (font-lock-syntactic-keywords): Fix/expand description.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 49600
diff changeset
2547
17c60796aa6a (font-lock-syntactic-keywords): Fix/expand description.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 49600
diff changeset
2548 An element of the form:
17c60796aa6a (font-lock-syntactic-keywords): Fix/expand description.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 49600
diff changeset
2549
17c60796aa6a (font-lock-syntactic-keywords): Fix/expand description.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 49600
diff changeset
2550 @example
17c60796aa6a (font-lock-syntactic-keywords): Fix/expand description.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 49600
diff changeset
2551 ("\\('\\).\\('\\)"
17c60796aa6a (font-lock-syntactic-keywords): Fix/expand description.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 49600
diff changeset
2552 (1 "\"")
17c60796aa6a (font-lock-syntactic-keywords): Fix/expand description.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 49600
diff changeset
2553 (2 "\""))
17c60796aa6a (font-lock-syntactic-keywords): Fix/expand description.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 49600
diff changeset
2554 @end example
17c60796aa6a (font-lock-syntactic-keywords): Fix/expand description.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 49600
diff changeset
2555
17c60796aa6a (font-lock-syntactic-keywords): Fix/expand description.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 49600
diff changeset
2556 highlights syntactically both single quotes which surround a single
17c60796aa6a (font-lock-syntactic-keywords): Fix/expand description.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 49600
diff changeset
2557 character, with a SYNTAX of @code{"\""} (meaning string quote syntax).
17c60796aa6a (font-lock-syntactic-keywords): Fix/expand description.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 49600
diff changeset
2558 Assuming that the buffer syntax table does not specify single quotes
17c60796aa6a (font-lock-syntactic-keywords): Fix/expand description.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 49600
diff changeset
2559 to have quote syntax, the element will only highlight single quotes of
17c60796aa6a (font-lock-syntactic-keywords): Fix/expand description.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 49600
diff changeset
2560 the form @samp{'@var{c}'} as strings syntactically. Other forms, such
17c60796aa6a (font-lock-syntactic-keywords): Fix/expand description.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 49600
diff changeset
2561 as @samp{foo'bar} or @samp{'fubar'}, will not be highlighted as
17c60796aa6a (font-lock-syntactic-keywords): Fix/expand description.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 49600
diff changeset
2562 strings.
17c60796aa6a (font-lock-syntactic-keywords): Fix/expand description.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 49600
diff changeset
2563
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2564 @end defvar
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2565
55414
029817c8eef3 (Desktop Save Mode): Add.
Lars Hansen <larsh@soem.dk>
parents: 54041
diff changeset
2566 @node Desktop Save Mode
029817c8eef3 (Desktop Save Mode): Add.
Lars Hansen <larsh@soem.dk>
parents: 54041
diff changeset
2567 @section Desktop Save Mode
029817c8eef3 (Desktop Save Mode): Add.
Lars Hansen <larsh@soem.dk>
parents: 54041
diff changeset
2568 @cindex desktop save mode
029817c8eef3 (Desktop Save Mode): Add.
Lars Hansen <larsh@soem.dk>
parents: 54041
diff changeset
2569
029817c8eef3 (Desktop Save Mode): Add.
Lars Hansen <larsh@soem.dk>
parents: 54041
diff changeset
2570 @dfn{Desktop Save Mode} is a feature to save the state of Emacs from
029817c8eef3 (Desktop Save Mode): Add.
Lars Hansen <larsh@soem.dk>
parents: 54041
diff changeset
2571 one session to another. The user-level commands for using Desktop
029817c8eef3 (Desktop Save Mode): Add.
Lars Hansen <larsh@soem.dk>
parents: 54041
diff changeset
2572 Save Mode are described in the GNU Emacs Manual (@pxref{Saving Emacs
029817c8eef3 (Desktop Save Mode): Add.
Lars Hansen <larsh@soem.dk>
parents: 54041
diff changeset
2573 Sessions,,, emacs, the GNU Emacs Manual}). Modes whose buffers visit
029817c8eef3 (Desktop Save Mode): Add.
Lars Hansen <larsh@soem.dk>
parents: 54041
diff changeset
2574 a file, don't have to do anything to use this feature.
029817c8eef3 (Desktop Save Mode): Add.
Lars Hansen <larsh@soem.dk>
parents: 54041
diff changeset
2575
029817c8eef3 (Desktop Save Mode): Add.
Lars Hansen <larsh@soem.dk>
parents: 54041
diff changeset
2576 For buffers not visiting a file to have their state saved, the major
029817c8eef3 (Desktop Save Mode): Add.
Lars Hansen <larsh@soem.dk>
parents: 54041
diff changeset
2577 mode must bind the buffer local variable @code{desktop-save-buffer} to
57213
3497eca006fe Various minor changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56768
diff changeset
2578 a non-@code{nil} value.
55414
029817c8eef3 (Desktop Save Mode): Add.
Lars Hansen <larsh@soem.dk>
parents: 54041
diff changeset
2579
029817c8eef3 (Desktop Save Mode): Add.
Lars Hansen <larsh@soem.dk>
parents: 54041
diff changeset
2580 @defvar desktop-save-buffer
029817c8eef3 (Desktop Save Mode): Add.
Lars Hansen <larsh@soem.dk>
parents: 54041
diff changeset
2581 If this buffer-local variable is non-@code{nil}, the buffer will have
029817c8eef3 (Desktop Save Mode): Add.
Lars Hansen <larsh@soem.dk>
parents: 54041
diff changeset
2582 its state saved in the desktop file at desktop save. If the value is
029817c8eef3 (Desktop Save Mode): Add.
Lars Hansen <larsh@soem.dk>
parents: 54041
diff changeset
2583 a function, it is called at desktop save with argument
029817c8eef3 (Desktop Save Mode): Add.
Lars Hansen <larsh@soem.dk>
parents: 54041
diff changeset
2584 @var{desktop-dirname}, and its value is saved in the desktop file along
029817c8eef3 (Desktop Save Mode): Add.
Lars Hansen <larsh@soem.dk>
parents: 54041
diff changeset
2585 with the state of the buffer for which it was called. When file names
029817c8eef3 (Desktop Save Mode): Add.
Lars Hansen <larsh@soem.dk>
parents: 54041
diff changeset
2586 are returned as part of the auxiliary information, they should be
029817c8eef3 (Desktop Save Mode): Add.
Lars Hansen <larsh@soem.dk>
parents: 54041
diff changeset
2587 formatted using the call
029817c8eef3 (Desktop Save Mode): Add.
Lars Hansen <larsh@soem.dk>
parents: 54041
diff changeset
2588
029817c8eef3 (Desktop Save Mode): Add.
Lars Hansen <larsh@soem.dk>
parents: 54041
diff changeset
2589 @example
029817c8eef3 (Desktop Save Mode): Add.
Lars Hansen <larsh@soem.dk>
parents: 54041
diff changeset
2590 (desktop-file-name @var{file-name} @var{desktop-dirname})
029817c8eef3 (Desktop Save Mode): Add.
Lars Hansen <larsh@soem.dk>
parents: 54041
diff changeset
2591 @end example
029817c8eef3 (Desktop Save Mode): Add.
Lars Hansen <larsh@soem.dk>
parents: 54041
diff changeset
2592
029817c8eef3 (Desktop Save Mode): Add.
Lars Hansen <larsh@soem.dk>
parents: 54041
diff changeset
2593 @end defvar
029817c8eef3 (Desktop Save Mode): Add.
Lars Hansen <larsh@soem.dk>
parents: 54041
diff changeset
2594
029817c8eef3 (Desktop Save Mode): Add.
Lars Hansen <larsh@soem.dk>
parents: 54041
diff changeset
2595 For buffers not visiting a file to be restored, the major mode must
029817c8eef3 (Desktop Save Mode): Add.
Lars Hansen <larsh@soem.dk>
parents: 54041
diff changeset
2596 define a function to do the job, and that function must be listed in
029817c8eef3 (Desktop Save Mode): Add.
Lars Hansen <larsh@soem.dk>
parents: 54041
diff changeset
2597 the alist @code{desktop-buffer-mode-handlers}.
029817c8eef3 (Desktop Save Mode): Add.
Lars Hansen <larsh@soem.dk>
parents: 54041
diff changeset
2598
029817c8eef3 (Desktop Save Mode): Add.
Lars Hansen <larsh@soem.dk>
parents: 54041
diff changeset
2599 @defvar desktop-buffer-mode-handlers
029817c8eef3 (Desktop Save Mode): Add.
Lars Hansen <larsh@soem.dk>
parents: 54041
diff changeset
2600 Alist with elements
029817c8eef3 (Desktop Save Mode): Add.
Lars Hansen <larsh@soem.dk>
parents: 54041
diff changeset
2601
029817c8eef3 (Desktop Save Mode): Add.
Lars Hansen <larsh@soem.dk>
parents: 54041
diff changeset
2602 @example
029817c8eef3 (Desktop Save Mode): Add.
Lars Hansen <larsh@soem.dk>
parents: 54041
diff changeset
2603 (@var{major-mode} . @var{restore-buffer-function})
029817c8eef3 (Desktop Save Mode): Add.
Lars Hansen <larsh@soem.dk>
parents: 54041
diff changeset
2604 @end example
029817c8eef3 (Desktop Save Mode): Add.
Lars Hansen <larsh@soem.dk>
parents: 54041
diff changeset
2605
029817c8eef3 (Desktop Save Mode): Add.
Lars Hansen <larsh@soem.dk>
parents: 54041
diff changeset
2606 The function @var{restore-buffer-function} will be called with
029817c8eef3 (Desktop Save Mode): Add.
Lars Hansen <larsh@soem.dk>
parents: 54041
diff changeset
2607 argument list
029817c8eef3 (Desktop Save Mode): Add.
Lars Hansen <larsh@soem.dk>
parents: 54041
diff changeset
2608
029817c8eef3 (Desktop Save Mode): Add.
Lars Hansen <larsh@soem.dk>
parents: 54041
diff changeset
2609 @example
029817c8eef3 (Desktop Save Mode): Add.
Lars Hansen <larsh@soem.dk>
parents: 54041
diff changeset
2610 (@var{buffer-file-name} @var{buffer-name} @var{desktop-buffer-misc})
029817c8eef3 (Desktop Save Mode): Add.
Lars Hansen <larsh@soem.dk>
parents: 54041
diff changeset
2611 @end example
029817c8eef3 (Desktop Save Mode): Add.
Lars Hansen <larsh@soem.dk>
parents: 54041
diff changeset
2612
029817c8eef3 (Desktop Save Mode): Add.
Lars Hansen <larsh@soem.dk>
parents: 54041
diff changeset
2613 and it should return the restored buffer.
029817c8eef3 (Desktop Save Mode): Add.
Lars Hansen <larsh@soem.dk>
parents: 54041
diff changeset
2614 Here @var{desktop-buffer-misc} is the value returned by the function
029817c8eef3 (Desktop Save Mode): Add.
Lars Hansen <larsh@soem.dk>
parents: 54041
diff changeset
2615 optionally bound to @code{desktop-save-buffer}.
029817c8eef3 (Desktop Save Mode): Add.
Lars Hansen <larsh@soem.dk>
parents: 54041
diff changeset
2616
029817c8eef3 (Desktop Save Mode): Add.
Lars Hansen <larsh@soem.dk>
parents: 54041
diff changeset
2617 @end defvar
029817c8eef3 (Desktop Save Mode): Add.
Lars Hansen <larsh@soem.dk>
parents: 54041
diff changeset
2618
6451
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2619 @node Hooks
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2620 @section Hooks
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2621 @cindex hooks
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2622
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2623 A @dfn{hook} is a variable where you can store a function or functions
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2624 to be called on a particular occasion by an existing program. Emacs
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2625 provides hooks for the sake of customization. Most often, hooks are set
25875
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25751
diff changeset
2626 up in the init file (@pxref{Init File}), but Lisp programs can set them also.
6451
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2627 @xref{Standard Hooks}, for a list of standard hook variables.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2628
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2629 @cindex normal hook
6451
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2630 Most of the hooks in Emacs are @dfn{normal hooks}. These variables
16056
bfe1d6597f08 Explain better about abnormal hooks.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 12888
diff changeset
2631 contain lists of functions to be called with no arguments. When the
bfe1d6597f08 Explain better about abnormal hooks.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 12888
diff changeset
2632 hook name ends in @samp{-hook}, that tells you it is normal. We try to
bfe1d6597f08 Explain better about abnormal hooks.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 12888
diff changeset
2633 make all hooks normal, as much as possible, so that you can use them in
bfe1d6597f08 Explain better about abnormal hooks.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 12888
diff changeset
2634 a uniform way.
bfe1d6597f08 Explain better about abnormal hooks.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 12888
diff changeset
2635
bfe1d6597f08 Explain better about abnormal hooks.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 12888
diff changeset
2636 Every major mode function is supposed to run a normal hook called the
bfe1d6597f08 Explain better about abnormal hooks.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 12888
diff changeset
2637 @dfn{mode hook} as the last step of initialization. This makes it easy
bfe1d6597f08 Explain better about abnormal hooks.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 12888
diff changeset
2638 for a user to customize the behavior of the mode, by overriding the
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2639 buffer-local variable assignments already made by the mode. But hooks
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2640 are used in other contexts too. For example, the hook
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2641 @code{suspend-hook} runs just before Emacs suspends itself
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2642 (@pxref{Suspending Emacs}).
6451
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2643
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2644 The recommended way to add a hook function to a normal hook is by
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2645 calling @code{add-hook} (see below). The hook functions may be any of
52841
9a39d5c2148a (Hooks): Don't explain local hook details here.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52802
diff changeset
2646 the valid kinds of functions that @code{funcall} accepts (@pxref{What
9a39d5c2148a (Hooks): Don't explain local hook details here.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52802
diff changeset
2647 Is a Function}). Most normal hook variables are initially void;
9a39d5c2148a (Hooks): Don't explain local hook details here.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52802
diff changeset
2648 @code{add-hook} knows how to deal with this. You can add hooks either
9a39d5c2148a (Hooks): Don't explain local hook details here.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52802
diff changeset
2649 globally or buffer-locally with @code{add-hook}.
52800
d738115b4197 (Faces for Font Lock): Fix typo.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52744
diff changeset
2650
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17278
diff changeset
2651 @cindex abnormal hook
16056
bfe1d6597f08 Explain better about abnormal hooks.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 12888
diff changeset
2652 If the hook variable's name does not end with @samp{-hook}, that
25875
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25751
diff changeset
2653 indicates it is probably an @dfn{abnormal hook}. Then you should look at its
16056
bfe1d6597f08 Explain better about abnormal hooks.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 12888
diff changeset
2654 documentation to see how to use the hook properly.
6451
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2655
16056
bfe1d6597f08 Explain better about abnormal hooks.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 12888
diff changeset
2656 If the variable's name ends in @samp{-functions} or @samp{-hooks},
bfe1d6597f08 Explain better about abnormal hooks.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 12888
diff changeset
2657 then the value is a list of functions, but it is abnormal in that either
bfe1d6597f08 Explain better about abnormal hooks.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 12888
diff changeset
2658 these functions are called with arguments or their values are used in
bfe1d6597f08 Explain better about abnormal hooks.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 12888
diff changeset
2659 some way. You can use @code{add-hook} to add a function to the list,
bfe1d6597f08 Explain better about abnormal hooks.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 12888
diff changeset
2660 but you must take care in writing the function. (A few of these
43264
91a36592ab22 *** empty log message ***
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents: 42866
diff changeset
2661 variables, notably those ending in @samp{-hooks}, are actually
91a36592ab22 *** empty log message ***
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents: 42866
diff changeset
2662 normal hooks which were named before we established the convention of
91a36592ab22 *** empty log message ***
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents: 42866
diff changeset
2663 using @samp{-hook} for them.)
16056
bfe1d6597f08 Explain better about abnormal hooks.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 12888
diff changeset
2664
bfe1d6597f08 Explain better about abnormal hooks.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 12888
diff changeset
2665 If the variable's name ends in @samp{-function}, then its value
bfe1d6597f08 Explain better about abnormal hooks.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 12888
diff changeset
2666 is just a single function, not a list of functions.
6451
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2667
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2668 Here's an example that uses a mode hook to turn on Auto Fill mode when
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2669 in Lisp Interaction mode:
6451
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2670
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2671 @example
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2672 (add-hook 'lisp-interaction-mode-hook 'turn-on-auto-fill)
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2673 @end example
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2674
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2675 At the appropriate time, Emacs uses the @code{run-hooks} function to
12098
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
2676 run particular hooks. This function calls the hook functions that have
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
2677 been added with @code{add-hook}.
6451
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2678
25875
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25751
diff changeset
2679 @defun run-hooks &rest hookvars
52800
d738115b4197 (Faces for Font Lock): Fix typo.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52744
diff changeset
2680 This function takes one or more normal hook variable names as
d738115b4197 (Faces for Font Lock): Fix typo.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52744
diff changeset
2681 arguments, and runs each hook in turn. Each argument should be a
52841
9a39d5c2148a (Hooks): Don't explain local hook details here.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52802
diff changeset
2682 symbol that is a normal hook variable. These arguments are processed
9a39d5c2148a (Hooks): Don't explain local hook details here.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52802
diff changeset
2683 in the order specified.
6451
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2684
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2685 If a hook variable has a non-@code{nil} value, that value may be a
52841
9a39d5c2148a (Hooks): Don't explain local hook details here.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52802
diff changeset
2686 function or a list of functions. (The former option is considered
9a39d5c2148a (Hooks): Don't explain local hook details here.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52802
diff changeset
2687 obsolete.) If the value is a function (either a lambda expression or
9a39d5c2148a (Hooks): Don't explain local hook details here.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52802
diff changeset
2688 a symbol with a function definition), it is called. If it is a list
9a39d5c2148a (Hooks): Don't explain local hook details here.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52802
diff changeset
2689 that isn't a function, its elements are called, consecutively. All
9a39d5c2148a (Hooks): Don't explain local hook details here.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52802
diff changeset
2690 the hook functions are called with no arguments.
6451
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2691 @end defun
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2692
22138
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
2693 @defun run-hook-with-args hook &rest args
52841
9a39d5c2148a (Hooks): Don't explain local hook details here.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52802
diff changeset
2694 This function is the way to run an abnormal hook and always call all
9a39d5c2148a (Hooks): Don't explain local hook details here.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52802
diff changeset
2695 of the hook functions. It calls each of the hook functions one by
9a39d5c2148a (Hooks): Don't explain local hook details here.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52802
diff changeset
2696 one, passing each of them the arguments @var{args}.
22138
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
2697 @end defun
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
2698
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
2699 @defun run-hook-with-args-until-failure hook &rest args
52800
d738115b4197 (Faces for Font Lock): Fix typo.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52744
diff changeset
2700 This function is the way to run an abnormal hook until one of the hook
d738115b4197 (Faces for Font Lock): Fix typo.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52744
diff changeset
2701 functions fails. It calls each of the hook functions, passing each of
d738115b4197 (Faces for Font Lock): Fix typo.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52744
diff changeset
2702 them the arguments @var{args}, until some hook function returns
d738115b4197 (Faces for Font Lock): Fix typo.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52744
diff changeset
2703 @code{nil}. It then stops and returns @code{nil}. If none of the
d738115b4197 (Faces for Font Lock): Fix typo.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52744
diff changeset
2704 hook functions return @code{nil}, it returns a non-@code{nil} value.
22138
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
2705 @end defun
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
2706
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
2707 @defun run-hook-with-args-until-success hook &rest args
52800
d738115b4197 (Faces for Font Lock): Fix typo.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52744
diff changeset
2708 This function is the way to run an abnormal hook until a hook function
d738115b4197 (Faces for Font Lock): Fix typo.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52744
diff changeset
2709 succeeds. It calls each of the hook functions, passing each of them
d738115b4197 (Faces for Font Lock): Fix typo.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52744
diff changeset
2710 the arguments @var{args}, until some hook function returns
d738115b4197 (Faces for Font Lock): Fix typo.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52744
diff changeset
2711 non-@code{nil}. Then it stops, and returns whatever was returned by
d738115b4197 (Faces for Font Lock): Fix typo.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52744
diff changeset
2712 the last hook function that was called. If all hook functions return
d738115b4197 (Faces for Font Lock): Fix typo.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52744
diff changeset
2713 @code{nil}, it returns @code{nil} as well.
22138
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
2714 @end defun
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
2715
12067
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 8960
diff changeset
2716 @defun add-hook hook function &optional append local
6451
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2717 This function is the handy way to add function @var{function} to hook
52841
9a39d5c2148a (Hooks): Don't explain local hook details here.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52802
diff changeset
2718 variable @var{hook}. You can use it for abnormal hooks as well as for
9a39d5c2148a (Hooks): Don't explain local hook details here.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52802
diff changeset
2719 normal hooks. @var{function} can be any Lisp function that can accept
9a39d5c2148a (Hooks): Don't explain local hook details here.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52802
diff changeset
2720 the proper number of arguments for @var{hook}. For example,
6451
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2721
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2722 @example
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2723 (add-hook 'text-mode-hook 'my-text-hook-function)
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2724 @end example
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2725
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2726 @noindent
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2727 adds @code{my-text-hook-function} to the hook called @code{text-mode-hook}.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2728
52841
9a39d5c2148a (Hooks): Don't explain local hook details here.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52802
diff changeset
2729 If @var{function} is already present in @var{hook} (comparing using
9a39d5c2148a (Hooks): Don't explain local hook details here.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52802
diff changeset
2730 @code{equal}), then @code{add-hook} does not add it a second time.
7253
6ba87aed7836 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6451
diff changeset
2731
6451
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2732 It is best to design your hook functions so that the order in which they
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2733 are executed does not matter. Any dependence on the order is ``asking
52800
d738115b4197 (Faces for Font Lock): Fix typo.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52744
diff changeset
2734 for trouble''. However, the order is predictable: normally,
6451
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2735 @var{function} goes at the front of the hook list, so it will be
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2736 executed first (barring another @code{add-hook} call). If the optional
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2737 argument @var{append} is non-@code{nil}, the new hook function goes at
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2738 the end of the hook list and will be executed last.
6451
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2739
52800
d738115b4197 (Faces for Font Lock): Fix typo.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52744
diff changeset
2740 If @var{local} is non-@code{nil}, that says to add @var{function} to
d738115b4197 (Faces for Font Lock): Fix typo.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52744
diff changeset
2741 the buffer-local hook list instead of to the global hook list. If
d738115b4197 (Faces for Font Lock): Fix typo.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52744
diff changeset
2742 needed, this makes the hook buffer-local and adds @code{t} to the
d738115b4197 (Faces for Font Lock): Fix typo.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52744
diff changeset
2743 buffer-local value. The latter acts as a flag to run the hook
d738115b4197 (Faces for Font Lock): Fix typo.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52744
diff changeset
2744 functions in the default value as well as in the local value.
6451
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2745 @end defun
8929
d7dc9a5b8c70 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 8505
diff changeset
2746
12067
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 8960
diff changeset
2747 @defun remove-hook hook function &optional local
52800
d738115b4197 (Faces for Font Lock): Fix typo.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 52744
diff changeset
2748 This function removes @var{function} from the hook variable
52841
9a39d5c2148a (Hooks): Don't explain local hook details here.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52802
diff changeset
2749 @var{hook}. It compares @var{function} with elements of @var{hook}
9a39d5c2148a (Hooks): Don't explain local hook details here.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52802
diff changeset
2750 using @code{equal}, so it works for both symbols and lambda
9a39d5c2148a (Hooks): Don't explain local hook details here.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52802
diff changeset
2751 expressions.
12067
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 8960
diff changeset
2752
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 8960
diff changeset
2753 If @var{local} is non-@code{nil}, that says to remove @var{function}
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2754 from the buffer-local hook list instead of from the global hook list.
12067
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 8960
diff changeset
2755 @end defun
52401
695cf19ef79e Add arch taglines
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents: 52197
diff changeset
2756
695cf19ef79e Add arch taglines
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents: 52197
diff changeset
2757 @ignore
695cf19ef79e Add arch taglines
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents: 52197
diff changeset
2758 arch-tag: 4c7bff41-36e6-4da6-9e7f-9b9289e27c8e
695cf19ef79e Add arch taglines
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents: 52197
diff changeset
2759 @end ignore