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author | Jason Rumney <jasonr@gnu.org> |
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date | Thu, 21 Dec 2000 11:06:32 +0000 |
parents | 64dfbe3c76d5 |
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3199 | 1 GNU Emacs Installation Guide |
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2 Copyright (c) 1992, 1994, 1996, 1997 Free software Foundation, Inc. |
3199 | 3 |
4 Permission is granted to anyone to make or distribute verbatim copies | |
5 of this document as received, in any medium, provided that the | |
6 copyright notice and permission notice are preserved, | |
7 and that the distributor grants the recipient permission | |
8 for further redistribution as permitted by this notice. | |
9 | |
10 Permission is granted to distribute modified versions | |
11 of this document, or of portions of it, | |
12 under the above conditions, provided also that they | |
13 carry prominent notices stating who last changed them, | |
14 and that any new or changed statements about the activities | |
15 of the Free Software Foundation are approved by the Foundation. | |
16 | |
17 | |
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18 ADDITIONAL DISTRIBUTION FILES |
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19 |
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20 * leim-M.N.tar.gz |
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21 |
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22 The Emacs Lisp code for input methods for various international |
24799 | 23 character scripts is distributed in a separate tar file because it |
24 amounts to a significant fraction of the size of the distribution. | |
25 This tar file is called leim-M.N.tar.gz, with the same version number | |
26 as Emacs, and it unpacks into the directory emacs-M.N/leim. | |
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27 |
24799 | 28 You should unpack leim-M.N.tar.gz into the same directory where you |
29 have previously unpacked the main Emacs distribution. It fills in the | |
30 contents of one subdirectory, which is present in the main Emacs | |
31 distribution only in dummy form. | |
32 | |
33 Once you have unpacked the Leim tar file into the Emacs source tree, | |
34 building and installing Emacs automatically installs the input method | |
35 support as well. If you have built Emacs without unpacking Leim | |
36 first, just unpack Leim, build Emacs again, and install it again. | |
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37 |
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38 * intlfonts-VERSION.tar.gz |
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39 |
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40 The intlfonts distribution contains X11 fonts that Emacs needs in |
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41 order to display international characters. If you see a non-ASCII |
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42 character appear as a hollow box, that means you don't have a font for |
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43 it. You might find a font in the intlfonts distribution. If some |
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44 characters don't look right, or appear improperly aligned, a font |
20213 | 45 from the intlfonts distribution might look better. |
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46 |
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47 The fonts in the intlfonts distribution are also used by the ps-print |
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48 package for printing international characters. The file |
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49 lisp/ps-mule.el defines the .bdf font files required for printing |
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50 each character set. |
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51 |
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52 The intlfonts distribution contains its own installation instructions, |
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53 in the intlfonts/README file. |
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54 |
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55 * elisp-manual-M.N.tar.gz |
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56 |
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57 This distribution contains the Emacs Lisp Reference Manual which |
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58 complements the Emacs Lisp Manual. It is a good idea to install the |
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59 Emacs Lisp Reference Manual after installing Emacs, to complete the |
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60 on-line documentation of Emacs in Info. |
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61 |
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62 If you have installed Texinfo, you can install the Emacs Lisp |
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63 Reference Manual this way: |
26271 | 64 |
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65 cd elisp-manual-M.N |
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66 ./configure --prefix=PREFIXDIR |
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67 make install |
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68 |
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69 Otherwise, you can install it manually. Just copy the files elisp and |
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70 elisp-* from the elisp-manual-M.N directory to your site's info |
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71 directory (see the description of `infodir', below), and make sure |
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72 that file `dir' in this directory contains an entry like this: |
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73 |
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74 * Elisp: (elisp). The Emacs Lisp Reference Manual. |
26271 | 75 |
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76 * Image support libraries |
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77 |
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78 Emacs needs optional libraries to be able to display images (with the |
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79 exception of PBM and XBM images whose support is built-in). On some |
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80 systems these may already be present or available as additional |
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81 packages, particularly on GNU/Linux. (In some cases older versions |
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82 won't work because some routines are missing, and configure should |
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83 avoid such old versions.) |
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84 |
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85 If necessary, you can build them from source. None are vital for |
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86 running Emacs. Here's the list of these optional libraries, and the |
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87 URLs where they can be found: |
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88 |
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89 . libxpm for XPM: ftp://ftp.x.org/contrib/libraries/ |
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90 . libpng for PNG: ftp://www.libpng.org/pub/png/ |
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91 . libz (for PNG): http://www.info-zip.org/pub/infozip/zlib/ |
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92 . libjpeg for JPEG: ftp://ftp.uu.net/graphics/jpeg/ |
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93 . libtiff for TIFF: http://www.libtiff.org/ |
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94 . libungif for GIF: |
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95 http://prtr-13.ucsc.edu/~badger/software/libungif/index.shtml |
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96 |
34695 | 97 [libungif-4.1.0 can crash Emacs with uncompressed GIFs -- use |
98 libungif-4.1.0b1.] | |
99 | |
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100 Emacs will configure itself to build with these libraries if configure |
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101 finds them on your system unless you supply the appropriate |
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102 --without-LIB option. See below for more details. |
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103 |
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104 |
3199 | 105 BUILDING AND INSTALLATION: |
15209 | 106 |
107 (This is for a Unix or Unix-like system. For MSDOS, see below; search | |
33639 | 108 for MSDOG. For Windows NT or Windows 95, see the file nt/INSTALL. |
109 For the Mac, see the file mac/INSTALL.) | |
3199 | 110 |
111 1) Make sure your system has enough swapping space allocated to handle | |
33639 | 112 a program whose pure code is 1.5 MB and whose data area is at |
113 least 2.5 MB and can reach 80 MB or more. If the swapping space is | |
3199 | 114 insufficient, you will get an error in the command `temacs -batch -l |
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115 loadup dump', found in `./src/Makefile.in', or possibly when |
6062 | 116 running the final dumped Emacs. |
3199 | 117 |
33639 | 118 Building Emacs requires about 95 MB of disk space (including the Emacs |
119 sources), or 130 MB if Leim is used. Once installed, Emacs occupies | |
120 about 60 MB (70 MB with Leim) in the file system where it is | |
121 installed; this includes the executable files, Lisp libraries, | |
122 miscellaneous data files, and on-line documentation. If the building | |
123 and installation take place in different directories, then the | |
124 installation procedure momentarily requires 95+60 MB (130+170 MB). | |
3199 | 125 |
126 2) Consult `./etc/MACHINES' to see what configuration name you should | |
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127 give to the `configure' program. That file offers hints for |
3199 | 128 getting around some possible installation problems. |
129 | |
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130 3) You can build Emacs in the top-level Emacs source directory |
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131 or in a separate directory. |
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132 |
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133 3a) To build in the top-level Emacs source directory, go to that |
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134 directory and run the program `configure' as follows: |
3199 | 135 |
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136 ./configure [CONFIGURATION-NAME] [--OPTION[=VALUE]] ... |
3199 | 137 |
138 The CONFIGURATION-NAME argument should be a configuration name given | |
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139 in `./etc/MACHINES', with the system version number added at the end. |
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140 |
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141 You should try first omitting CONFIGURATION-NAME. This way, |
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142 `configure' will try to guess your system type. If it cannot guess, |
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143 or if something goes wrong in building or installing Emacs this way, |
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144 try again specifying the proper CONFIGURATION-NAME explicitly. |
3199 | 145 |
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146 If you don't want X support, specify `--with-x=no'. If you omit this |
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147 option, `configure' will try to figure out for itself whether your |
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148 system has X, and arrange to use it if present. |
3199 | 149 |
150 The `--x-includes=DIR' and `--x-libraries=DIR' options tell the build | |
151 process where the compiler should look for the include files and | |
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152 object libraries used with the X Window System. Normally, `configure' |
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153 is able to find them; these options are necessary if you have your X |
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154 Window System files installed in unusual places. These options also |
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155 accept a list of directories, separated with colons. |
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157 To get more attractive menus, you can specify an X toolkit when you |
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158 configure Emacs; use the option `--with-x-toolkit=TOOLKIT', where |
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159 TOOLKIT is `athena' or `motif' (`yes' and `lucid' are synonyms for |
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160 `athena'). On some systems, it does not work to use a toolkit with |
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161 shared libraries. A free implementation of Motif, called LessTif, is |
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162 available ftom <http://www.lesstif.org>. |
3199 | 163 |
164 The `--with-gcc' option specifies that the build process should | |
165 compile Emacs using GCC. If you don't want to use GCC, specify | |
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166 `--with-gcc=no'. If you omit this option, `configure' will search |
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167 for GCC in your path, and use it if present. |
3199 | 168 |
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169 The Emacs mail reader RMAIL is configured to be able to read mail from |
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170 a POP3 server by default. Versions of the POP protocol older than |
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171 POP3 are not supported. For Kerberos-authenticated POP add |
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172 `--with-kerberos', for Hesiod support add `--with-hesiod'. While POP3 |
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173 is always enabled, whether Emacs actually uses POP is controlled by |
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174 individual users--see the Rmail chapter of the Emacs manual. |
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175 |
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176 For image support you may have to download, build, and install the |
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177 appropriate image support libraries for image types other than XBM and |
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178 PBM, see the list of URLs in "ADDITIONAL DISTRIBUTION FILES" above. |
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179 (Note that PNG support requires libz in addition to libpng.) |
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180 |
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181 To disable individual types of image support in Emacs for some reason, |
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182 even though configure finds the libraries, you can configure with one |
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183 or more of these options: |
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184 |
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185 --without-xpm for XPM image support |
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186 --without-jpeg for JPEG image support |
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187 --without-tiff for TIFF image support |
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188 --without-gif for GIF image support |
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189 --without-png for PNG image support |
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190 |
3199 | 191 The `--prefix=PREFIXDIR' option specifies where the installation process |
192 should put emacs and its data files. This defaults to `/usr/local'. | |
193 - Emacs (and the other utilities users run) go in PREFIXDIR/bin | |
194 (unless the `--exec-prefix' option says otherwise). | |
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195 - The architecture-independent files go in PREFIXDIR/share/emacs/VERSION |
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196 (where VERSION is the version number of Emacs, like `19.27'). |
3199 | 197 - The architecture-dependent files go in |
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198 PREFIXDIR/libexec/emacs/VERSION/CONFIGURATION |
3199 | 199 (where CONFIGURATION is the configuration name, like mips-dec-ultrix4.2), |
200 unless the `--exec-prefix' option says otherwise. | |
201 | |
202 The `--exec-prefix=EXECDIR' option allows you to specify a separate | |
203 portion of the directory tree for installing architecture-specific | |
204 files, like executables and utility programs. If specified, | |
205 - Emacs (and the other utilities users run) go in EXECDIR/bin, and | |
206 - The architecture-dependent files go in | |
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207 EXECDIR/libexec/emacs/VERSION/CONFIGURATION. |
3199 | 208 EXECDIR/bin should be a directory that is normally in users' PATHs. |
209 | |
210 For example, the command | |
211 | |
212 ./configure mips-dec-ultrix --with-x11 | |
213 | |
214 configures Emacs to build for a DECstation running Ultrix, with | |
215 support for the X11 window system. | |
216 | |
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217 `configure' doesn't do any compilation or installation |
3199 | 218 itself. It just creates the files that influence those things: |
9499 | 219 `./Makefile', `lib-src/Makefile', `oldXMenu/Makefile', |
220 `lwlib/Makefile', `src/Makefile', and `./src/config.h'. For details | |
221 on exactly what it does, see the section called `CONFIGURATION BY | |
222 HAND', below. | |
3199 | 223 |
224 When it is done, `configure' prints a description of what it did and | |
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225 creates a shell script `config.status' which, when run, recreates the |
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226 same configuration. If `configure' exits with an error after |
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227 disturbing the status quo, it removes `config.status'. `configure' |
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228 also creates a file `config.cache' that saves the results of its tests |
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229 to make reconfiguring faster, and a file `config.log' containing compiler |
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230 output (useful mainly for debugging `configure'). You can give |
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231 `configure' the option `--cache-file=FILE' to use the results of the |
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232 tests in FILE instead of `config.cache'. Set FILE to `/dev/null' to |
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233 disable caching, for debugging `configure'. |
3199 | 234 |
235 The work of `configure' can be done by editing various files in the | |
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236 distribution, but using `configure' is easier. See the section called |
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237 "CONFIGURATION BY HAND" below if you want to do the configuration |
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238 yourself. |
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239 |
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240 3b) To build in a separate directory, go to that directory |
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241 and run the program `configure' as follows: |
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242 |
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243 SOURCE-DIR/configure CONFIGURATION-NAME [--OPTION[=VALUE]] ... |
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244 |
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245 SOURCE-DIR refers to the top-level Emacs source directory which is |
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246 where Emacs's configure script is located. `configure' looks for the |
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247 Emacs source code in the directory that `configure' is in. |
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248 |
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249 To build in a separate directory, you must use a version of `make' |
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250 that supports the `VPATH' variable, such as GNU `make'. |
3199 | 251 |
21692 | 252 3c) Some people try to build in a separate directory by filling |
253 it full of symlinks to the files in the real source directory. | |
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254 If you do that, `make all' does work, but `make install' fails: |
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255 it copies the symbolic links rather than the actual files. |
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256 |
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257 As far as is known, there is no particular reason to use |
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258 a directory full of links rather than use the standard GNU |
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259 facilities to build in a separate directory (see 3b above). |
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260 |
3199 | 261 4) Look at `./lisp/paths.el'; if some of those values are not right |
11905 | 262 for your system, set up the file `./lisp/site-init.el' with Emacs |
263 Lisp code to override them; it is not a good idea to edit paths.el | |
3199 | 264 itself. YOU MUST USE THE LISP FUNCTION `setq' TO ASSIGN VALUES, |
265 rather than `defvar', as used by `./lisp/paths.el'. For example, | |
266 | |
267 (setq news-inews-program "/usr/bin/inews") | |
268 | |
269 is how you would override the default value of the variable | |
270 news-inews-program (which is "/usr/local/inews"). | |
271 | |
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272 Before you override a variable this way, *look at the value* that the |
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273 variable gets by default! Make sure you know what kind of value the |
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274 variable should have. If you don't pay attention to what you are |
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275 doing, you'll make a mistake. |
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276 |
6062 | 277 5) Put into `./lisp/site-init.el' or `./lisp/site-load.el' any Emacs |
278 Lisp code you want Emacs to load before it is dumped out. Use | |
279 site-load.el for additional libraries if you arrange for their | |
280 documentation strings to be in the etc/DOC file (see | |
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281 src/Makefile.in if you wish to figure out how to do that). For all |
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282 else, use site-init.el. Do not load byte-compiled code which |
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283 was build with a non-nil value of `byte-compile-dynamic'. |
3199 | 284 |
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285 If you set load-path to a different value in site-init.el or |
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286 site-load.el, Emacs will use *precisely* that value when it starts up |
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287 again. If you do this, you are on your own! |
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288 |
3199 | 289 Note that, on some systems, the code you place in site-init.el must |
290 not use expand-file-name or any other function which may look | |
291 something up in the system's password and user information database. | |
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292 See `./etc/PROBLEMS' for more details on which systems this affects. |
3199 | 293 |
7627 | 294 The `site-*.el' files are nonexistent in the distribution. You do not |
295 need to create them if you have nothing to put in them. | |
3199 | 296 |
297 6) Refer to the file `./etc/TERMS' for information on fields you may | |
298 wish to add to various termcap entries. The files `./etc/termcap.ucb' | |
299 and `./etc/termcap.dat' may already contain appropriately-modified | |
300 entries. | |
301 | |
302 7) Run `make' in the top directory of the Emacs distribution to finish | |
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303 building Emacs in the standard way. The final executable file is |
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304 named `src/emacs'. You can execute this file "in place" without |
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305 copying it, if you wish; then it automatically uses the sibling |
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306 directories ../lisp, ../lib-src, ../info. |
3199 | 307 |
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308 Or you can "install" the executable and the other Emacs into their |
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309 installed locations, with `make install'. By default, Emacs's files |
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310 are installed in the following directories: |
3199 | 311 |
312 `/usr/local/bin' holds the executable programs users normally run - | |
7864 | 313 `emacs', `etags', `ctags', `b2m', `emacsclient', |
314 and `rcs-checkin'. | |
3199 | 315 |
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316 `/usr/local/share/emacs/VERSION/lisp' holds the Emacs Lisp library; |
3199 | 317 `VERSION' stands for the number of the Emacs version |
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318 you are installing, like `18.59' or `19.27'. Since the |
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319 Lisp library changes from one version of Emacs to |
3199 | 320 another, including the version number in the path |
321 allows you to have several versions of Emacs installed | |
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322 at the same time; in particular, you don't have to |
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323 make Emacs unavailable while installing a new version. |
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324 |
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325 `/usr/local/share/emacs/VERSION/site-lisp' holds the local Emacs Lisp |
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326 files installed for Emacs version VERSION only. |
3199 | 327 |
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328 `/usr/local/share/emacs/site-lisp' holds the local Emacs Lisp |
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329 files installed for all Emacs versions. |
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330 |
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331 When Emacs is installed, it searches for its Lisp files |
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332 in `/usr/local/share/emacs/VERSION/site-lisp', then in |
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333 `/usr/local/share/emacs/site-lisp', and finally in |
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334 `/usr/local/share/emacs/VERSION/lisp'. |
3199 | 335 |
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336 `/usr/local/share/emacs/VERSION/etc' holds the Emacs tutorial, the DOC |
3199 | 337 file, the `yow' database, and other |
338 architecture-independent files Emacs might need while | |
339 running. VERSION is as specified for `.../lisp'. | |
340 | |
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341 `/usr/local/libexec/emacs/VERSION/CONFIGURATION-NAME' contains executable |
3199 | 342 programs used by Emacs that users are not expected to |
343 run themselves. | |
344 `VERSION' is the number of the Emacs version you are | |
345 installing, and `CONFIGURATION-NAME' is the argument | |
346 you gave to the `configure' program to identify the | |
347 architecture and operating system of your machine, | |
348 like `mips-dec-ultrix' or `sparc-sun-sunos'. Since | |
349 these files are specific to the version of Emacs, | |
350 operating system, and architecture in use, including | |
351 the configuration name in the path allows you to have | |
352 several versions of Emacs for any mix of machines and | |
353 operating systems installed at the same time; this is | |
354 useful for sites at which different kinds of machines | |
355 share the file system Emacs is installed on. | |
356 | |
357 `/usr/local/info' holds the on-line documentation for Emacs, known as | |
358 "info files". Many other GNU programs are documented | |
359 using info files as well, so this directory stands | |
360 apart from the other, Emacs-specific directories. | |
361 | |
362 `/usr/local/man/man1' holds the man pages for the programs installed | |
363 in `/usr/local/bin'. | |
364 | |
365 If these directories are not what you want, you can specify where to | |
366 install Emacs's libraries and data files or where Emacs should search | |
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367 for its Lisp files by giving values for `make' variables as part of |
3199 | 368 the command. See the section below called `MAKE VARIABLES' for more |
369 information on this. | |
370 | |
371 8) Check the file `dir' in your site's info directory (usually | |
372 /usr/local/info) to make sure that it has a menu entry for the Emacs | |
373 info files. | |
374 | |
6062 | 375 9) If your system uses lock files to interlock access to mailer inbox files, |
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376 then you might need to make the movemail program setuid or setgid |
6062 | 377 to enable it to write the lock files. We believe this is safe. |
378 | |
12620 | 379 10) You are done! You can remove executables and object files from |
380 the build directory by typing `make clean'. To also remove the files | |
381 that `configure' created (so you can compile Emacs for a different | |
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382 configuration), type `make distclean'. If you don't need some, or all |
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383 of the input methods from the Leim package, you can remove the |
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384 unneeded files in the leim/quail, leim/skk, and leim/skk-dic |
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385 subdirectories of your site's lisp directory (usually |
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386 /usr/local/share/emacs/VERSION/). |
12620 | 387 |
3199 | 388 |
389 | |
390 MAKE VARIABLES | |
391 | |
392 You can change where the build process installs Emacs and its data | |
393 files by specifying values for `make' variables as part of the `make' | |
394 command line. For example, if you type | |
395 | |
396 make install bindir=/usr/local/gnubin | |
397 | |
398 the `bindir=/usr/local/gnubin' argument indicates that the Emacs | |
399 executable files should go in `/usr/local/gnubin', not | |
400 `/usr/local/bin'. | |
401 | |
402 Here is a complete list of the variables you may want to set. | |
403 | |
404 `bindir' indicates where to put executable programs that users can | |
405 run. This defaults to /usr/local/bin. | |
406 | |
407 `datadir' indicates where to put the architecture-independent | |
408 read-only data files that Emacs refers to while it runs; it | |
9499 | 409 defaults to /usr/local/share. We create the following |
3199 | 410 subdirectories under `datadir': |
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411 - `emacs/VERSION/lisp', containing the Emacs Lisp library, and |
3199 | 412 - `emacs/VERSION/etc', containing the Emacs tutorial, the DOC |
413 file, and the `yow' database. | |
414 `VERSION' is the number of the Emacs version you are installing, | |
415 like `18.59' or `19.0'. Since these files vary from one version | |
416 of Emacs to another, including the version number in the path | |
417 allows you to have several versions of Emacs installed at the | |
418 same time; this means that you don't have to make Emacs | |
419 unavailable while installing a new version. | |
420 | |
9499 | 421 `libexecdir' indicates where to put architecture-specific data files that |
422 Emacs refers to as it runs; it defaults to `/usr/local/libexec'. | |
423 We create the following subdirectories under `libexecdir': | |
3199 | 424 - `emacs/VERSION/CONFIGURATION-NAME', containing executable |
425 programs used by Emacs that users are not expected to run | |
426 themselves. | |
427 `VERSION' is the number of the Emacs version you are installing, | |
428 and `CONFIGURATION-NAME' is the argument you gave to the | |
429 `configure' program to identify the architecture and operating | |
430 system of your machine, like `mips-dec-ultrix' or | |
431 `sparc-sun-sunos'. Since these files are specific to the version | |
432 of Emacs, operating system, and architecture in use, including | |
433 the configuration name in the path allows you to have several | |
434 versions of Emacs for any mix of machines and operating systems | |
435 installed at the same time; this is useful for sites at which | |
436 different kinds of machines share the file system Emacs is | |
437 installed on. | |
438 | |
439 `infodir' indicates where to put the info files distributed with | |
440 Emacs; it defaults to `/usr/local/info'. | |
441 | |
442 `mandir' indicates where to put the man pages for Emacs and its | |
443 utilities (like `etags'); it defaults to | |
444 `/usr/local/man/man1'. | |
445 | |
446 `manext' gives the extension the man pages should be installed with. | |
447 It should contain a period, followed by the appropriate | |
448 digit. It defaults to `.1'. For example given the default | |
449 values for `mandir' and `manext', the Emacs man page would be | |
450 installed as `/usr/local/man/man1/emacs.1'. | |
451 | |
452 `prefix' doesn't give a path for any specific part of Emacs; instead, | |
453 its value is used to determine the defaults for all the | |
454 architecture-independent path variables - `datadir', | |
9499 | 455 `sharedstatedir', `infodir', and `mandir'. Its default value is |
3199 | 456 `/usr/local'; the other variables add on `lib' or `man' to it |
457 by default. | |
458 | |
459 For example, suppose your site generally places GNU software | |
460 under `/usr/users/software/gnusoft' instead of `/usr/local'. | |
461 By including | |
462 `prefix=/usr/users/software/gnusoft' | |
463 in the arguments to `make', you can instruct the build process | |
464 to place all of the Emacs data files in the appropriate | |
465 directories under that path. | |
466 | |
467 `exec_prefix' serves the same purpose as `prefix', but instead | |
468 determines the default values for the architecture-dependent | |
9499 | 469 path variables - `bindir' and `libexecdir'. |
3199 | 470 |
471 The above variables serve analogous purposes in the makefiles for all | |
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472 GNU software; this variable is specific to Emacs. |
3199 | 473 |
12620 | 474 `archlibdir' indicates where Emacs installs and expects the executable |
475 files and other architecture-dependent data it uses while | |
476 running. Its default value, based on `libexecdir' (which | |
477 see), is `/usr/local/libexec/emacs/VERSION/CONFIGURATION-NAME' | |
3199 | 478 (where VERSION and CONFIGURATION-NAME are as described above). |
479 | |
480 Remember that you must specify any variable values you need each time | |
481 you run `make' in the top directory. If you run `make' once to build | |
482 emacs, test it, and then run `make' again to install the files, you | |
483 must provide the same variable settings each time. To make the | |
484 settings persist, you can edit them into the `Makefile' in the top | |
485 directory, but be aware that running the `configure' program erases | |
486 `Makefile' and rebuilds it from `Makefile.in'. | |
487 | |
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488 The path for finding Lisp files is specified in src/paths.h, |
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489 a file which is generated by running configure. To change the path, |
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490 you can edit the definition of PATH_LOADSEARCH in that file |
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491 before you run `make'. |
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492 |
3199 | 493 The top-level Makefile stores the variable settings it used in the |
494 Makefiles for the subdirectories, so you don't have to specify them | |
495 when running make in the subdirectories. | |
496 | |
497 | |
498 CONFIGURATION BY HAND | |
499 | |
7864 | 500 Instead of running the `configure' program, you have to perform the |
501 following steps. | |
3199 | 502 |
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503 1) Copy `./src/config.in' to `./src/config.h'. |
3199 | 504 |
505 2) Consult `./etc/MACHINES' to see what configuration name you should | |
506 use for your system. Look at the code of the `configure' script to | |
507 see which operating system and architecture description files from | |
508 `src/s' and `src/m' should be used for that configuration name. Edit | |
509 `src/config.h', and change the two `#include' directives to include | |
510 the appropriate system and architecture description files. | |
511 | |
512 2) Edit `./src/config.h' to set the right options for your system. If | |
513 you need to override any of the definitions in the s/*.h and m/*.h | |
514 files for your system and machine, do so by editing config.h, not by | |
515 changing the s/*.h and m/*.h files. Occasionally you may need to | |
516 redefine parameters used in `./lib-src/movemail.c'. | |
517 | |
7864 | 518 3) Create src/Makefile and lib-src/Makefile from the corresponding |
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519 `Makefile.in' files. First copy `Makefile.in' to `Makefile.c', |
14020 | 520 then edit in appropriate substitutions for the @...@ constructs, |
7864 | 521 and then copy the shell commands near the end of `configure' |
522 that run cpp to construct `Makefile'. | |
3199 | 523 |
7864 | 524 4) Create `Makefile' files in various other directories |
525 from the corresponding `Makefile.in' files. This isn't so hard, | |
526 just a matter of substitution. | |
3199 | 527 |
528 The `configure' script is built from `configure.in' by the `autoconf' | |
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529 program. You need version 2.0 or newer of `autoconf' to rebuild `configure'. |
3199 | 530 |
531 BUILDING GNU EMACS BY HAND | |
532 | |
9507 | 533 Once Emacs is configured, running `make' in the top directory performs |
534 the following steps. | |
3199 | 535 |
536 1) Run `make src/paths.h' in the top directory. This produces | |
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537 `./src/paths.h' from the template file `./src/paths.in', changing |
3199 | 538 the paths to the values specified in `./Makefile'. |
539 | |
7864 | 540 2) Go to directory `./lib-src' and run `make'. This creates |
541 executables named `ctags' and `etags' and `wakeup' and `make-docfile' | |
542 and `digest-doc' and `test-distrib'. And others. | |
3199 | 543 |
7864 | 544 3) Go to directory `./src' and Run `make'. This refers to files in |
545 the `./lisp' and `./lib-src' subdirectories using names `../lisp' and | |
3199 | 546 `../lib-src'. |
547 | |
548 This creates a file `./src/emacs' which is the runnable Emacs, | |
7864 | 549 which has another name that contains a version number. |
550 Each time you do this, that version number increments in the last place. | |
3199 | 551 |
552 It also creates a file in `./etc' whose name is `DOC' followed by the | |
553 current Emacs version. This file contains documentation strings for | |
554 all the functions in Emacs. Each time you run make to make a new | |
555 emacs, a new DOC file with a new name is made. You must keep the DOC | |
556 file for an Emacs version as long as you keep using that Emacs | |
557 version. | |
558 | |
559 | |
560 INSTALLATION BY HAND | |
561 | |
9507 | 562 The steps below are done by running `make install' in the main |
563 directory of the Emacs distribution. | |
3199 | 564 |
565 1) Copy `./lisp' and its subdirectories, `./etc', and the executables | |
566 in `./lib-src' to their final destinations, as selected in `./src/paths.h'. | |
567 | |
568 Strictly speaking, not all of the executables in `./lib-src' need be copied. | |
7627 | 569 - The programs `cvtmail', `emacsserver', `fakemail', `hexl', |
7864 | 570 `movemail', `profile', `rcs2log', `timer', `vcdiff', `wakeup', |
571 and `yow' are used by Emacs; they do need to be copied. | |
572 - The programs `etags', `ctags', `emacsclient', `b2m', and `rcs-checkin' | |
3199 | 573 are intended to be run by users; they are handled below. |
9498 | 574 - The programs `make-docfile' and `test-distrib' were |
3199 | 575 used in building Emacs, and are not needed any more. |
576 - The programs `digest-doc' and `sorted-doc' convert a `DOC' file into | |
577 a file for users to read. There is no important reason to move them. | |
578 | |
579 2) Copy the files in `./info' to the place specified in | |
580 `./lisp/site-init.el' or `./lisp/paths.el'. Note that if the | |
581 destination directory already contains a file named `dir', you | |
582 probably don't want to replace it with the `dir' file in the Emacs | |
583 distribution. Instead, you should make sure that the existing `dir' | |
584 file contains an appropriate menu entry for the Emacs info. | |
585 | |
23353 | 586 3) Copy `./src/emacs' to `/usr/local/bin', or to some other directory |
3199 | 587 in users' search paths. `./src/emacs' has an alternate name |
588 `./src/emacs-EMACSVERSION'; you may wish to make a symbolic link named | |
589 `/usr/local/bin/emacs' pointing to that alternate name, as an easy way | |
590 of installing different versions. | |
591 | |
592 You can delete `./src/temacs'. | |
593 | |
23353 | 594 4) Copy the programs `b2m', `emacsclient', `ctags', `etags', and |
7864 | 595 `rcs-checkin' from `./lib-src' to `/usr/local/bin'. These programs are |
3199 | 596 intended for users to run. |
597 | |
23353 | 598 5) Copy the man pages in `./etc' for emacs, ctags, and etags into the |
3199 | 599 appropriate man directories. |
600 | |
23353 | 601 6) The files in the `./src' subdirectory, except for `emacs', are not |
7864 | 602 used by Emacs once it is built. However, it is very desirable to keep |
603 the source on line for debugging. | |
3199 | 604 |
605 | |
606 PROBLEMS | |
607 | |
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608 See the file PROBLEMS in etc subdirectory for a list of various |
3199 | 609 problems sometimes encountered, and what to do about them. |
610 | |
611 | |
6062 | 612 Installation on MSDOG (a.k.a. MSDOS) |
613 | |
7627 | 614 To install on MSDOG, you need to have the GNU C compiler for MSDOG |
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615 (also known as djgpp), GNU Make, rm, mv, and sed. See the remarks in |
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616 config.bat for more information about locations and versions. The |
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617 file etc/FAQ includes pointers to Internet sites where you can find |
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618 the necessary utilities; search for "MS-DOS". The configuration step |
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619 (see below) will test for these utilities and will refuse to continue |
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620 if any of them isn't found. |
6062 | 621 |
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622 If you are building the MSDOG version of Emacs on an MSDOG-like system |
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623 which supports long file names (e.g. Windows 95), you need to make |
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624 sure that long file names are handled consistently both when you |
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625 unpack the distribution and compile it. If you intend to compile with |
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626 DJGPP v2.0 or later, and long file names support is enabled (LFN=y in |
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627 the environment), you need to unpack Emacs distribution in a way that |
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628 doesn't truncate the original long filenames to the DOS 8.3 namespace; |
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629 the easiest way to do this is to use djtar program which comes with |
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630 DJGPP, since it will note the LFN setting and behave accordingly. |
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631 DJGPP v1 doesn't support long filenames, so you must unpack Emacs with |
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632 a program that truncates the filenames to 8.3 naming as it extracts |
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633 files; again, using djtar after setting LFN=n is the recommended way. |
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634 You can build Emacs with LFN=n even if you use DJGPP v2, if some of |
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635 your tools don't support long file names: just ensure that LFN is set |
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636 to `n' during both unpacking and compiling. |
15017 | 637 |
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638 (By the time you read this, you have already unpacked the Emacs |
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639 distribution, but if the explanations above imply that you should have |
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640 done it differently, it's safer to delete the directory tree created |
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641 by the unpacking program and unpack Emacs again, than to risk running |
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642 into problems during the build process.) |
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643 |
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644 It is important to understand that the runtime support of long file |
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645 names by the Emacs binary is NOT affected by the LFN setting during |
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646 compilation; Emacs compiled with DJGPP v2.0 or later will always |
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647 support long file names on Windows 9X no matter what was the setting |
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648 of LFN at compile time. However, if you compiled with LFN disabled |
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649 and want to enable LFN support after Emacs was already built, you need |
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650 to make sure that the support files in the lisp, etc and info |
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651 directories are called by their original long names as found in the |
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652 distribution. You can do this either by renaming the files manually, |
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653 or by extracting them from the original distribution archive with |
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654 djtar after you set LFN=y in the environment. |
15017 | 655 |
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656 To unpack Emacs with djtar, type this command: |
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657 |
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658 djtar -x emacs.tgz |
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659 |
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660 (This assumes that the Emacs distribution is called `emacs.tgz' on |
19635 | 661 your system.) |
12343 | 662 |
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663 If you need to type international characters, you will need to unpack |
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664 the Leim distribution (see the description near the beginning of this |
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665 file). You unpack it from the same directory where you unpacked |
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666 Emacs. To unpack Leim with djtar, assuming the Leim distribution is |
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667 called `leim.tgz', type this command: |
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668 |
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669 djtar -x leim.tgz |
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670 |
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671 If you want to print international characters, install the intlfonts |
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672 distribution. For this, create a directory called `fonts' under the |
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673 Emacs top-level directory (usually called `emacs-XX.YY') created by |
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674 unpacking emacs.tgz, chdir into the directory emacs-XX.YY/fonts, and |
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675 type this: |
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676 |
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677 djtar -x intlfonts.tgz |
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678 |
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679 When unpacking is done, a directory called `emacs-XX.YY' will be |
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680 created, where XX.YY is the Emacs version. To build and install |
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681 Emacs, chdir to that directory and type these commands: |
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682 |
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683 config msdos |
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684 make install |
6062 | 685 |
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686 Running "config msdos" checks for several programs that are required |
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parents:
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687 to configure and build Emacs; if one of those programs is not found, |
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688 CONFIG.BAT stops and prints an error message. If you have DJGPP |
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689 version 2.0 or 2.01, it will complain about a program called |
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690 DJECHO.EXE. These old versions of DJGPP shipped that program under |
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691 the name ECHO.EXE, so you can simply copy ECHO.EXE to DJECHO.EXE and |
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692 rerun CONFIG.BAT. If you have neither ECHO.EXE nor DJECHO.EXE, you |
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693 should be able to find them in your djdevNNN.zip archive (where NNN is |
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694 the DJGPP version number). |
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695 |
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696 To install the international fonts, chdir to the intlfonts-X.Y |
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697 directory created when you unpacked the intlfonts distribution (X.Y is |
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698 the version number of the fonts' distribution), and type the following |
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699 command: |
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700 |
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701 make bdf INSTALLDIR=.. |
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702 |
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703 After Make finishes, you may remove the directory intlfonts-X.Y; the |
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704 fonts are installed into the fonts/bdf subdirectory of the top-level |
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705 Emacs directory, and that is where Emacs will look for them by |
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706 default. |
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707 |
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708 Building Emacs creates executable files in the src and lib-src |
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709 directories. Installing Emacs on MSDOS moves these executables to a |
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710 sibling directory called bin. For example, if you build in directory |
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711 /emacs, installing moves the executables from /emacs/src and |
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Clarify MSDOS installing and unpacking.
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712 /emacs/lib-src to the directory /emacs/bin, so you can then delete the |
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713 subdirectories /emacs/src and /emacs/lib-src if you wish. The only |
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714 subdirectories you need to keep are bin, lisp, etc and info. (If you |
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715 installed Leim, keep the leim subdirectory, and if you installed |
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716 intlfonts, keep the fonts directory and all its sibdirectories as well.) |
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717 The bin subdirectory should be added to your PATH. The msdos |
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Explain that intlfonts are used by ps-print as well.
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718 subdirectory includes a PIF and an icon file for Emacs which you might |
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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719 find useful if you run Emacs under MS Windows. |
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f5ba89f88cfd
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720 |
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721 Emacs on MSDOS finds the lisp, etc and info directories by looking in |
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722 ../lisp, ../etc and ../info, starting from the directory where the |
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723 Emacs executable was run from. You can override this by setting the |
19635 | 724 environment variables EMACSDATA (for the location of `etc' directory), |
725 EMACSLOADPATH (for the location of `lisp' directory) and INFOPATH (for | |
726 the location of the `info' directory). | |
6062 | 727 |
7627 | 728 MSDOG is a not a multitasking operating system, so Emacs features such |
729 as asynchronous subprocesses that depend on multitasking will not | |
730 work. Synchronous subprocesses do work. | |
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731 |
16861
310fd977a344
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732 Version 2.0 of djgpp has two bugs that affect Emacs. We've included |
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733 corrected versions of two files from djgpp in the msdos subdirectory: |
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734 is_exec.c and sigaction.c. To work around the bugs, compile these |
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cd84bd4a3411
Describe the new --with-FOO options for building with image support.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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735 files and link them into temacs. Djgpp versions 2.01 and later have |
cd84bd4a3411
Describe the new --with-FOO options for building with image support.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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736 these bugs fixed, so upgrade if you can before building Emacs. |