annotate etc/TUTORIAL.cn @ 82402:a550f33e0e04

(USAGE2): Improve text.
author Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
date Thu, 16 Aug 2007 02:19:41 +0000
parents a0b90c38e931
children 1dd7437446ea 95d0cdf160ea
Ignore whitespace changes - Everywhere: Within whitespace: At end of lines:
rev   line source
69119
d54acaa5097b Fix omission bug: Add dot (ASCII 0x2E) on first line.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents: 68963
diff changeset
1 Emacs 快速指南.(查看版权声明请至本文末尾)
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
2
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
3 【注意:位于【】之间的内容是译注,比如本行,下同。】
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
4
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
5 Emacs 键盘命令通常包含 CONTROL 键(有时候以 CTRL 或 CTL 来标示)和
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
6 META 键(有时候用 EDIT 或 ALT 来标示)。为了避免每次都要写出全名,我们
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
7 约定使用下述缩写:
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
8
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
9 C-<chr> 表示当输入字符 <chr> 时按住 CONTROL 键。
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
10 因此 C-f 就表示:按住 CONTROL 键再输入 f。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
11
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
12 M-<chr> 表示当输入字符 <chr> 时按住 META(或 EDIT 或 ALT)键。
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
13 如果你的键盘上没有 META 、EDIT 或 ALT 键,用下述方法也等效:
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
14 先按一下 ESC 键然后放开,再输入 <chr>。我们用 <ESC> 来表示
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
15 ESC 键。
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
16
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
17 重要提示:要退出 Emacs,请用 C-x C-c(两个连续的组合键)。下文中左边顶
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
18 行的“>>”字样用来提示你尝试键盘命令。比如:
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
19 <<Blank lines inserted around following line by help-with-tutorial>>
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
20 [本页当中特意留出一些空白是出于教学目的,请继续往后阅读]
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
21 >> 现在输入 C-v (查看下一屏文字)移动到下一屏。
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
22 (别紧张,在输入字符 v 的同时注意要按住 CONTROL 键)
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
23 从现在开始,每读完当前一屏你都需要这样做一次。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
24
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
25 值得注意的是,当你从上一屏滚到下一屏时,中间会有两行的重复;这样做是为
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
26 了维持滚屏的连续性,方便你顺畅、连续地阅读。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
27
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
28 用编辑器,开门第一件事就是学会在文字中移动。你已经知道了 C-v 可以向下移
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
29 动一屏,要往上移,请用 M-v (也就是按住 META 键,然后输入v,如果你没有
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
30 META、EDIT 或 ALT 键那么就先按 <ESC> 再按 v)。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
31
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
32 >> 试试 M-v,然后再试试 C-v,来回遛几次。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
33
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
34
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
35 * 小结(SUMMARY)
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
36 -----------------
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
37
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
38 以下命令在翻页浏览时相当有用:
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
39
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
40 C-v 向前移动一屏
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
41 M-v 向后移动一屏
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
42 C-l 重绘屏幕,并将光标所在行置于屏幕的中央
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
43 (注意是 CONTROL-L,不是 CONTROL-1)
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
44
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
45 >> 找到光标,留意其附近的文字,然后输入 C-l。
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
46 找找光标在哪里,你会发现其附近的文字并没有变化。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
47
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
48 如果你的键盘上有 PageUp 和 PageDn,也可以用这两个键来滚屏。不过使用
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
49 C-v 和 M-v 的效率要更高一些。
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
50
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
51
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
52 * 基本的光标控制(BASIC CURSOR CONTROL)
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
53 ----------------------------------------
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
54
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
55 整屏的移动很有用,但是如何在文字中精确定位呢?
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
56
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
57 有几种方式可以选择。用方向键当然可以,不过更有效率的方法是保持双手位于
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
58 主键盘区,然后使用 C-p 、 C-b 、 C-f 和 C-n 这四个命令。它们的功能和方
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
59 向键是一样的,如下图所示:
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
60
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
61 上一行 C-p
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
62 :
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
63 :
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
64 向左移 C-b .... 目前光标位置 .... 向右移 C-f
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
65 :
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
66 :
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
67 下一行 C-n
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
68
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
69 >> 用 C-n 或 C-p 将光标移到上图的中央。
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
70 按 C-l,整幅图会被显示在屏幕的中央。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
71
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
72 “P N B F”四个字母分别代表了四个词,用这四个词记忆这些组合键会更容易:
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
73 P 代表 previous(上一行),N 代表 next(下一行),B 代表 backward(回
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
74 退),而 F 则代表 forward(前进)。这些组合键今后将与你形影不离。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
75
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
76 >> 按几次 C-n 把光标往下挪到这里。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
77
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
78 >> 用 C-f 把光标移动到这一行,然后再用 C-p 往上挪。
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
79 注意观察当光标在一行的中央时 C-p 命令的行为。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
80
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
81 每行文字都以一个“换行符”结束,“换行符”把行与行区分开来。文件的最后
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
82 一行也应该也有一个换行符(不过 Emacs 并不强制要求这一点)。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
83
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
84 >> 在一行的行头输入 C-b。
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
85 光标应该会移动到前一行的行尾,因为光标在回退过程中越过了换行符。
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
86
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
87 同样 C-f 也可以像 C-b 一样越过换行符。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
88
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
89 >> 连按几次 C-b,感受一下光标的移动。
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
90 然后按几次 C-f 回到本行的行尾。
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
91 再按一次 C-f,光标会移动到下一行。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
92
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
93 当你移动光标穿越屏幕的上下边界时,在边界外的文字会移动到屏幕内,这称为
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
94 “滚动”(scrolling)。滚动使得光标可以被移动到文字中的任何位置,并且还
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
95 不会让光标跑到屏幕外边去。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
96
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
97 >> 用 C-n 将光标下移,一直越过屏幕边界,同时观察发生了什么变化。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
98
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
99 如果你嫌一个字符一个字符地挪光标太慢,你还可以一个词一个词地跳。M-f
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
100 (META-f) 可以将光标往前移动一个词,而 M-b 则是往后移。【这里的“词”指
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
101 英文单词,对中文来说,则是指移动到下一个标点符号。】
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
102
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
103 >> 试试 M-f 和 M-b。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
104
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
105 如果光标停在一个词的中间,M-f 会移动到这个词的末尾。如果光标处于词与词
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
106 之间的空白处,M-f 会移动到下一个词的末尾。M-b 的功能类似,只是方向相反。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
107
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
108 >> 按几次 M-f 和 M-b,中间夹杂一些 C-f 和 C-b。
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
109 你可以观察到 M-f 和 M-b 在不同位置上所表现出来的不同行为。
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
110
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
111 请注意 C-f 、C-b 和 M-f 、M-b 两对之间的类比关系。通常的惯例是:META 系
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
112 列组合键用来操作“由语言定义的单位(比如词、句子、段落)”,而 CONTROL
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
113 系列组合键用来操作“与语言无关的基本单位(比如字符、行等等)”。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
114
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
115 类似的惯例在“行”与“句子”之间也同样适用:C-a 和 C-e 可以将光标移动到
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
116 “一行”的头部和尾部;而 M-a 和 M-e 则将光标移动到“一句”的头部和尾部。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
117
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
118 >> 按两次 C-a,再按两次 C-e。
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
119 按两次 M-a,再按两次 M-e。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
120
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
121 想一想为什么重复的 C-a 命令会没有作用,而重复的 M-a 命令则会让光标不断
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
122 地回退到上一个句子。虽然这个类比规律并不严格,但是很自然。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
123
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
124 光标停留的位置也可以称作“点位”(point)。或者干脆说,光标指示出了屏幕
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
125 上“点位”在文本中的位置。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
126
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
127 这里对简单的光标移动命令做一个总结,其中也包括了整词和整句的移动:
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
128
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
129 C-f 向右移动一个字符
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
130 C-b 向左移动一个字符
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
131
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
132 M-f 向右移动一个词【对中文是移动到下一个标点符号】
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
133 M-b 向左移动一个词【对中文是移动到上一个标点符号】
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
134
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
135 C-n 移动到下一行
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
136 C-p 移动到上一行
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
137
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
138 C-a 移动到行首
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
139 C-e 移动到行尾
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
140
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
141 M-a 移动到句首
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
142 M-e 移动到句尾
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
143
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
144 >> 把上面所有的命令都练习几次,这些可都是最常用的命令。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
145
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
146 这里还要介绍两个重要的光标移动命令:M-< (META 小于号)可以将光标移动到
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
147 所有文字的最开头;M-> (META 大于号)可以将光标移动到所有文字的最末尾。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
148
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
149 注意,在大部分键盘上,小于号(<)需要用上档键(Shift)来输入,所以在这
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
150 些键盘上你应该用 Shift 键来输入 M-<,如果不按 Shift 键,你输入的会是
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
151 M-comma(META 逗号)。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
152
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
153 >> 试一试 M-< ,移到本快速指南的最开始。
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
154 然后再按几次 C-v 回到这里。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
155
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
156 >> 试一试 M-> ,移到本快速指南的最末尾。
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
157 然后再按几次 M-v 回到这里。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
158
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
159 如果你的键盘上有方向键的话,也可以用它们来移动光标。不过我们有三个理由
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
160 推荐你学习 C-b 、C-f 、C-n 、和 C-p:(1)它们在任何键盘上都能用。(2)
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
161 当你熟练使用 Emacs 之后,你会发现用这些组合键比用方向键要快得多,因为你
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
162 的手不需要离开打字区。(3)一旦你习惯了使用这些组合键,你也可以很容易地
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
163 适应其它更高级的光标移动命令。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
164
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
165 大部分的 Emacs 命令接受数字参数,并且对于多数命令而言,这些数字参数的作
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
166 用是指定命令的重复次数。为一个命令指定数字参数(也就是重复次数)的方法
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
167 是:先输入 C-u,然后输入数字作为参数,最后再输入命令。如果你有META (或
72465
11f0b40e677c Sync with the latest TUTORIAL.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 69119
diff changeset
168 EDIT 或 ALT)键,那么还有另一种办法:按住 META 键不放,然后输入数字。不
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
169 过我们还是建议你用 C-u,因为它在任何终端机上都能用。这种数字参数也称为
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
170 “前缀参数”,意思是说这个参数是先于使用它的命令而输入的。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
171
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
172 举例来说, C-u 8 C-f 会向前移动 8 个字符。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
173
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
174 >> 为 C-n 或者 C-p 指定一个数字参数,这样你可以只用一个命令就把光标移动
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
175 到本行的附近。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
176
72465
11f0b40e677c Sync with the latest TUTORIAL.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 69119
diff changeset
177 虽然大部分命令把数字参数解释为其重复次数,但是也有些命令例外,它们将数
11f0b40e677c Sync with the latest TUTORIAL.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 69119
diff changeset
178 字参数另做它用。比如有些命令(我们目前还没学到)仅仅将前缀参数作为一个
11f0b40e677c Sync with the latest TUTORIAL.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 69119
diff changeset
179 标志——只要给出有一个前缀参数,不管其值为何,它都会改变命令的功能。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
180
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
181 而 C-v 和 M-v 则属于另一种类型的例外。当给定一个参数时,它们将滚动你指
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
182 定的“行数”,而不是“屏数”。举例来说,C-u 8 C-v 将屏幕向下滚动 8 行,
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
183 而不是 8 屏。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
184
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
185 >> 现在试试看,输入 C-u 8 C-v。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
186
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
187 这个命令应该已经将文字向上滚动了 8 行。如果你想将它再次地向下滚动,你可
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
188 以给定一个参数然后执行 M-v。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
189
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
190 如果你正在使用一个窗口系统,比如 X11 或者微软的 Windows,那么在 Emacs
72465
11f0b40e677c Sync with the latest TUTORIAL.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 69119
diff changeset
191 窗口的边缘应该有一个长方形的区域叫“滚动条”,你可以用鼠标操纵滚动条来
11f0b40e677c Sync with the latest TUTORIAL.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 69119
diff changeset
192 滚动文字。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
193
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
194 >> 试着在“滚动条内的反白区域”上按一下鼠标中键。
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
195 文字应该会滚动到鼠标所指示的位置。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
196
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
197 >> 当按住中键时,试着将鼠标上下移动。
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
198 你会看到文字随着鼠标的移动而上下滚动。
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
199 【Windows 版本符合 Windows 程序的传统操作习惯,上述操作不适用。】
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
200
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
201
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
202 * 在 EMACS 失去响应的时候(WHEN EMACS IS HUNG)
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
203 -----------------------------------------------
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
204
72465
11f0b40e677c Sync with the latest TUTORIAL.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 69119
diff changeset
205 如果 Emacs 对你的命令失去响应,你可以用 C-g 来安全地终止这条命令。C-g
11f0b40e677c Sync with the latest TUTORIAL.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 69119
diff changeset
206 也可以终止一条执行过久的命令。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
207
72465
11f0b40e677c Sync with the latest TUTORIAL.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 69119
diff changeset
208 C-g 还可以取消数字参数和只输入到一半的命令。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
209
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
210 >> 输入 C-u 100 设定一个值为 100 的数字参数,然后按 C-g。
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
211 现在再按 C-f,光标应该只会移动一个字符,因为你已经用 C-g 取消了参数。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
212
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
213 如果你不小心按了一下 <ESC>,你也可以用 C-g 来取消它。
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
214 【这个说法似乎有问题,因为按照这个按键顺序输入的应该是 C-M-g。
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
215 取消 <ESC> 的正确做法是再连按两次 <ESC>。】
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
216
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
217
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
218 * 被禁用的命令(DISABLED COMMANDS)
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
219 -----------------------------------
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
220
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
221 有一些 Emacs 命令被“禁用”了,以避免初学者在不了解其确切功能的情况下误
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
222 用而造成麻烦。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
223
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
224 如果你用到了一个被禁用的命令,Emacs 会显示一个提示消息,告诉你这个命令
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
225 到底是干什么的,询问你是否要继续,并在得到你的肯定之后再执行这命令。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
226
72465
11f0b40e677c Sync with the latest TUTORIAL.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 69119
diff changeset
227 如果你真的想用这条命令,在 Emacs 询问你的时候应该按空格。一般来说,如果
11f0b40e677c Sync with the latest TUTORIAL.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 69119
diff changeset
228 你不想用,就按“n”。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
229
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
230 >> 试试 C-x C-l (这是一个被禁用的命令)
72465
11f0b40e677c Sync with the latest TUTORIAL.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 69119
diff changeset
231 然后用 n 来回答询问。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
232
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
233
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
234 * 窗格(WINDOWS)
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
235 -----------------
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
236
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
237 Emacs 可以有多个窗格,每个窗格显示不同的文字。后面会介绍怎么对付多个窗
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
238 格,现在我们先学会如何关掉多余的窗格。其实也很简单:
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
239
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
240 C-x 1 只保留一个窗格(也就是关掉其它所有窗格)。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
241
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
242 也就是先按 CONTROL-x 然后再按 1。C-x 1 会保留光标所在的窗格,并将其扩大
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
243 到整个屏幕,同时关掉所有其它的窗格。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
244
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
245 >> 把光标移到本行然后输入 C-u 0 C-l。
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
246
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
247 >> 输入 CONTROL-h k CONTROL-f。观察当一个新窗格出现时当前窗格(用来显示
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
248 CONTROL-f 命令的文档)是如何缩小的。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
249
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
250 >> 输入 C-x 1 关掉文档窗格。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
251
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
252 这个命令跟先前学过的命令不太一样,因为它包含了两个字符,以 CONTROL-x 开
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
253 始。有一系列命令都是以 CONTROL-x 开始的,这些命令许多都跟“窗格、文件、
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
254 缓冲区【缓冲区(buffer)会在后文详细介绍】”等等诸如此类的东西有关,其
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
255 中有些命令可能包含了 2 个、3 个或者 4 个字符。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
256
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
257
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
258 * 插入与删除(INSERTING AND DELETING)
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
259 --------------------------------------
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
260
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
261 插入文字很简单,直接敲键盘就可以了。你能看到的字符,比如 A、7、* 等等,
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
262 都被 Emacs 视为文字并且可以直接插入。敲 <Return>(回车键)会插入一个换
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
263 行符。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
264
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
265 你可以用 <Delback> 来删除最后输入的一个字符,这个跟你在 Emacs 之外的用
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
266 法应该一样。一般来说 <Delback> 就是位于 <Return> 键上方某处的一个大块头
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
267 的键,通常被标示为“Delete”、“Del”或者“Backspace”。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
268
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
269 如果你找到了“Backspace”键,那么它应该就是 <Delback>;这时哪怕你又在别
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
270 的地方找到了一个“Del”键,那么它也应该不是 <Delback>。
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
271
72465
11f0b40e677c Sync with the latest TUTORIAL.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 69119
diff changeset
272 一种更通用的说法是,<Delback> 将删除位于光标前的一个字符。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
273
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
274 >> 现在就来试试——敲点字,然后按几下 <Delback> 删除它们。
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
275 不用担心文件被修改,你做什么都没关系,这里就是专给你练习用的。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
276
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
277 如果一行文字很长、超出了窗格的宽度,显示不下的部分会在紧邻的下一行继续
72465
11f0b40e677c Sync with the latest TUTORIAL.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 69119
diff changeset
278 显示。这时会有一个反斜线(在控制台下是反斜线,如果你用图形窗口系统,则
11f0b40e677c Sync with the latest TUTORIAL.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 69119
diff changeset
279 应该是一个小小的转弯箭头)显示在右边沿,表明这是某一行的接续显示。
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
280
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
281 >> 输入文字,一直到屏幕的右边界,然后继续,你会看到一个接续行出现。
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
282
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
283 >> 用 <Delback> 删掉一些文字,直到此行长度小于窗格宽度,接续行就消失了。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
284
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
285 换行符跟其它字符一样可以被删除。两行中间的换行符被删除后,这两行将会合
72465
11f0b40e677c Sync with the latest TUTORIAL.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 69119
diff changeset
286 并成一行。如果合并后的这一行太长,超出了窗格宽度,它就会以一个接续行来
11f0b40e677c Sync with the latest TUTORIAL.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 69119
diff changeset
287 显示。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
288
72465
11f0b40e677c Sync with the latest TUTORIAL.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 69119
diff changeset
289 >> 移动光标到某行的开头并输入 <Delback>。
11f0b40e677c Sync with the latest TUTORIAL.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 69119
diff changeset
290 这时该行将与其前一行一起被合并为一行。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
291
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
292 >> 输入 <Return> 重新插入你刚才删除的换行符。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
293
72465
11f0b40e677c Sync with the latest TUTORIAL.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 69119
diff changeset
294 前面讲过,大部分的 Emacs 命令都可以指定重复次数,这其中也包括输入字符的
11f0b40e677c Sync with the latest TUTORIAL.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 69119
diff changeset
295 命令。重复执行输入字符的命令实际上就是输入多个相同的字符。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
296
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
297 >> 试试 C-u 8 *,这将会插入 ********。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
298
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
299 好,现在你应该已经掌握了最基本的的文本插入和修改功能,其实删除还可以
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
300 “以词为单位”进行,下面是一个关于“删除”操作的小结:
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
301
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
302 <Delback> 删除光标前的一个字符
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
303 C-d 删除光标后的一个字符
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
304
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
305 M-<Delback> 移除光标前的一个词
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
306 M-d 移除光标后的一个词
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
307
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
308 C-k 移除从光标到“行尾”间的字符
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
309 M-k 移除从光标到“句尾”间的字符
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
310
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
311 【可能你已经注意到了“删除(delete)”和“移除(kill)”的用词区别,后
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
312 文会有详细说明。】
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
313
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
314 注意“<Delback> 和 C-d”还有“M-<Delback> 和 M-d”是根据前述惯例从 C-f
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
315 和 M-f 衍生出来的(其实<Delback>不是控制字符,我们先忽略这一点)。C-k
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
316 和 M-k 的关系在某种程度上与 C-e 和 M-e 一样——如果把“一行”和“一句”
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
317 作一个类比的话。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
318
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
319 你也可以用一种通用的办法来移除缓冲区里的任何一部分:首先把光标移动到你
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
320 想要移除的区域的一端,然后按 C-@ 或 C-SPC(任一即可,SPC指空格)【注意,
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
321 C-SPC 往往被中文用户设定成输入法热键,如果这样,C-SPC 就被系统拦截而无
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
322 法传递给 Emacs 了,因此这里还是推荐使用C-@。】,然后将光标移动到另一端,
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
323 再按 C-w 就可以把位于这两点之间的所有文字移除了。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
324
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
325 >> 移动光标到上一段开头的“你”字。
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
326 >> 输入 C-@ 。Emacs 应该会在屏幕的下方显示一个“Mark set”的消息。
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
327 >> 移动光标到第二行中的“端”字。
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
328 >> 输入 C-w,从“你”开始到“端”之前的文字被全部移除。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
329
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
330 注意,“移除(kill)”和“删除(delete)”的不同在于被移除的东西可以找回
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
331 来,而被删除的就不行了。【实际上,移除掉的东西虽然看起来“消失”了,但
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
332 实际上被 Emacs 记录了下来,因此还可以找回来;而删除掉的东西虽然也可能还
72465
11f0b40e677c Sync with the latest TUTORIAL.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 69119
diff changeset
333 在内存里,但是已经被 Emacs“抛弃”了,所以就找不回来了。】重新插入被移
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
334 除的文字称为“召回(yank)”。一般而言,那些可能消除很多文字的命令会把
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
335 消除掉的文字记录下来(它们被设定成了“可召回”),而那些只消除一个字符
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
336 或者只消除空白的命令就不会记录被消除的内容(自然你也就无法召回了)。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
337
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
338 >> 移动光标到一非空白行的行头,然后输入 C-k 移除那一行上的文字。
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
339
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
340 >> 再次 C-k,你可以看到它移除了跟在那一行后面的换行符。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
341
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
342 注意,单独的 C-k 会把一行的内容移除,而第二个 C-k 则会移除换行符,并使
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
343 其后所有的行都向上移动。C-k 处理数字参数的方式很特别,它会把参数指定的
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
344 那么多行连同其后的换行符一起移除,而不仅仅是重复 C-k 而已。比如 C-u 2
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
345 C-k 会把两行以及它们的换行符移除;而如果只是输入 C-k 两次显然不是这个结
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
346 果。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
347
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
348 将被移除的文字恢复的动作称为“召回(yanking)”。(就好像把别人从你身边
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
349 移走的东西又猛力地拉回来。)你可以在你删除文字的地方召回,也可以在别的
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
350 地方召回,还可以多次召回同样的文字以得到它的多个拷贝。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
351
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
352 召回的命令是 C-y。它会在光标所在处插入你最后移除的文字。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
353
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
354 >> 试试看,输入 C-y 将文字召回。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
355
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
356 如果你一次连按了好几下 C-k,那么所有被移除的行会被存储在一起,只要一个
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
357 C-y 就可以把它们都召回。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
358
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
359 >> 在这里试试,连续按几次 C-k。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
360
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
361 现在再来恢复刚刚被我们移除的文字:
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
362
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
363 >> 按 C-y。然后把光标往下移动几行,再按一次 C-y。
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
364 现在你应该知道怎么复制文字了。
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
365
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
366 C-y 可以召回最近一次移除的内容,那如何召回前几次移除的内容呢?它们当然
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
367 没有丢,你可以用 M-y 来召回它们。在用 C-y 召回最近移除的文字之后,紧接
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
368 着再按 M-y 就可以召回再前一次被移除的内容,再按一次 M-y 又可以召回再上
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
369 一次的……连续使用 M-y 直到找到你想要召回的东西,然后什么也不用做,继续
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
370 编辑就行了。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
371
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
372 如果连续按 M-y 很多次,你可能会回到起始点,也就是最近移除的文字。
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
373 【看得出这实际上是一个环。】
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
374
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
375 >> 移除一行,移动一下光标,然后再移除另外一行。
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
376 按 C-y 将第二次移除的那行召回来。
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
377 紧接着再按 M-y,它将会被第一次移除的那行取代。
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
378 试着再按几下 M-y 看看会发生什么。
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
379 再继续,直到第二行被召回来,然后再做个几次。
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
380 如果感兴趣,你可以试着给 M-y 指定一个正的或负的参数。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
381
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
382
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
383 * 撤销(UNDO)
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
384 --------------
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
385
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
386 如果你修改了一段文字,又觉得改得不好,可以用 undo 命令进行撤销:
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
387 C-x u。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
388
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
389 通常 C-x u 会消除一个命令所造成的所有改变;如果你在一行中连续多次地使用
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
390 C-x u,你会把以前的命令也依次撤销。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
391
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
392 但是有两个例外:
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
393 1) 没有改变文字的命令不算(包括光标移动命令和滚动命令)
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
394 2) 从键盘输入的字符以组为单位——每组 20 个字符——来进行处理。
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
395 (这是为了减少你在撤销“插入文字”动作时需要输入 C-x u 的次数)
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
396
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
397 >> 用 C-k 将这一行移除,然后输入 C-x u ,它会再次出现。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
398
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
399 C-_ 也是撤销命令;它的作用跟 C-x u 一样,但是它比较容易多次输入。C-_ 的
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
400 缺点是在某些键盘上可能不太容易按,这也正是我们同时提供 C-x u 的原因。在
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
401 某些终端上,你可以按住 CONTROL 再按“/”来输入 C-_。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
402
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
403 数字参数对于 C-_ 和 C-x u 的意义是执行撤销的重复次数。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
404
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
405
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
406 * 文件(FILE)
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
407 --------------
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
408
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
409 想保存工作成果就要记得存盘,否则一旦退出 Emacs 你编辑的文字就会丢失。要
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
410 存盘,就要在编辑前“寻找”到一个存盘文件。(这个过程通常也被称为“访问”
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
411 文件。)
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
412
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
413 寻找到一个文件意味着你可以在 Emacs 里查看这个文件的内容。从许多角度看,
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
414 这就等于你在直接编辑这个文件,只是你所做的修改只有在“存盘”的时候才会
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
415 被写入文件。也正因为如此,你可以丢弃一个写到一半的文件而不必把这个残缺
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
416 文件也保存到计算机上。在存盘的时候,Emacs 会把存盘前的文件重命名保存,
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
417 以防你改完之后又想反悔。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
418
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
419 在屏幕的下方,你应该能够看到头尾都是短线“-”的一行,行首通常是一些诸如
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
420 “--:-- TUTORIAL.cn”的文字,这些文字代表了你当前正在访问的文件。比如你
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
421 现在正在访问的文件叫“TUTORIAL.cn”,它只是一个给你临时使用的拷贝。每当
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
422 Emacs 寻找到一个文件,文件名就会出现在这个位置。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
423
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
424 寻找文件的命令有一个特点,那就是你必须给出文件名。我们称这个命令“从终
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
425 端读入了一个参数”(在这里,这个参数显然就是文件名)。在你输入这条命令
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
426 之后:
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
427
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
428 C-x C-f 寻找一个文件
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
429
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
430 Emacs 会提示你输入文件名。你输入的文件名会出现在屏幕最底端的一行,这一
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
431 行被称为小缓冲(minibuffer),在小缓冲里你可以使用通常的 Emacs 编辑命令
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
432 来编辑文件名。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
433
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
434 在小缓冲里输入文件名(其实输入其它东西也一样)时可以用 C-g 取消。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
435
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
436 >> 输入 C-x C-f,然后输入 C-g
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
437 这会关掉小缓冲,同时也会取消使用小缓冲的 C-x C-f 命令。
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
438 当然了,你也没有找任何文件。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
439
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
440 用 <Return> 结束文件名的输入。这之后 C-x C-f 命令开始工作并找到你指定的
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
441 文件。小缓冲在 C-x C-f 命令结束之后也会消失。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
442
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
443 眨眼间文件就被显示在屏幕上,你可以开始编辑了。存盘用这条命令:
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
444
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
445 C-x C-s 储存这个文件
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
446
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
447 这条命令把 Emacs 中的文字存储到文件中。第一次存盘的时候 Emacs 会将原文
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
448 件重命名以备份。重命名的规则通常是在原文件名之后添加一个“~”字符。
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
449 【对许多人来说,这是一个烦人的特性,关掉文件备份可以用如下命令:
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
450 M-x customize-variable <Return> make-backup-files <Return>】
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
451
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
452 存盘结束后,Emacs 会显示写入文件的文件名。你最好养成经常存盘的习惯,这
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
453 可以减少系统崩溃和死机给你带来的损失。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
454
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
455 >> 输入 C-x C-s 把本快速指南存下来。
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
456 你会在屏幕的下方看到一条消息:“Wrote ...TUTORIAL.cn”。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
457
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
458 注意:在某些终端下,输入 C-x C-s 会冻结屏幕【屏幕没有任何输出】,使你看
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
459 不到 Emacs 的任何变化。其原因是操作系统的“流量控制”功能拦截了 C-s 并
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
460 冻结了屏幕。用 C-q 可以解除屏幕冻结。要解决这个问题,请参考 Emacs 手册
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
461 里的“Spontaneous Entry to Incremental Search”一节【Emacs 手册可能还没
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
462 有中文翻译】,那里提供了一些有用的建议。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
463
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
464 你不但可以寻找一个已有的文件来查看或编辑,还可以寻找一个不存在的文件。
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
465 实际上这正是 Emacs 创建新文件的方法:找到不存在的新文件。只有在存盘的时
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
466 候,Emacs 才会真正创建这个文件。而在这之后的一切就跟编辑一个已有文件没
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
467 有区别了。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
468
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
469
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
470 * 缓冲区(BUFFER)
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
471 ------------------
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
472
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
473 你可以用 C-x C-f 找到并打开第二个文件,但第一个文件仍然在 Emacs 中。要
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
474 切回第一个文件,一种办法是再用一次 C-x C-f。这样,你就可以在 Emacs 中同
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
475 时打开多个文件。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
476
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
477 >> 用 C-x C-f foo <Return> 的方式建立一个名为“foo”的文件。
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
478 输入一些文字,再用 C-x C-s 保存文件“foo”。
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
479 最后,输入 C-x C-f TUTORIAL.cn <Return> 回到这里。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
480
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
481 Emacs 把每个编辑中的文件都放在一个称为“缓冲区(buffer)”的地方。每寻
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
482 找到一个文件,Emacs 就在其内部开辟一个缓冲区。用下面的命令可以列出当前
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
483 所有的缓冲区:
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
484
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
485 C-x C-b 列出缓冲区
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
486
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
487 >> 现在就试一下 C-x C-b
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
488
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
489 观察一下缓冲区是如何被命名的,它很可能跟与其对应的文件同名。实际上,一
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
490 个 Emacs 窗格里的任何文字都是某个缓冲区的一部分。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
491
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
492 >> 输入 C-x 1 离开缓冲区列表
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
493
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
494 不管存在多少缓冲区,任何时候都只能有一个“当前”缓冲区,也就是你正在编
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
495 辑的这个。如果你想编辑其它的缓冲区,就必须“切换”过去。上面讲过,用
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
496 C-x C-f 是一种办法。不过还有一个更简单的办法,那就是用 C-x b。用这条命
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
497 令,你必须输入缓冲区的名称。
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
498
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
499 >> 输入 C-x b foo <Return> 以回到文件“foo”的缓冲区。
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
500 然后输入 C-x b TUTORIAL.cn <Return> 回到这里。
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
501
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
502 大多数情况下,缓冲区与跟其对应的文件是同名的(不包括目录名),不过这也
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
503 不是绝对的。用 C-x C-b 得到的缓冲区列表总是显示缓冲区名。
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
504
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
505 你在 Emacs 窗格里看到的“任何”文字都一定属于某个缓冲区。然而,缓冲区未
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
506 必有对应文件:比如显示缓冲区列表的缓冲区就是这样。再比如“*Messages*”
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
507 缓冲区也没有对应文件,这个缓冲区里存放的都是在 Emacs 底部出现的消息。
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
508
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
509 >> 输入 C-x b *Messages* <Return> 瞅瞅消息缓冲区里都有什么东西。
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
510 然后再输入 C-x b TUTORIAL.cn <Return> 回到这里。
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
511
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
512 如果你对某个文件做了些修改,然后切换到另一个文件,这个动作并不会帮你把
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
513 前一个文件存盘。对第一个文件的修改仍然仅存在于 Emacs 中,也就是在它对应
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
514 的缓冲区里。并且,对第二个文件的修改也不会影响到第一个文件。这很有用,
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
515 但是也挺麻烦:因为如果你想要存储第一个文件,还需要先 C-x C-f 切换回去再
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
516 用 C-x C-s 存盘。你需要一个更简便的方法,而 Emacs 已经为你准备好了:
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
517
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
518 C-x s 保存多个缓冲区
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
519
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
520 C-x s 会找出所有已被修改但尚未存盘的缓冲区,然后向你逐个询问:是否需要
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
521 存盘?
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
522
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
523 >> 插入一行文字,然后输入 C-x s。
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
524 它应该会问你,是否要储存名为 TUTORIAL.cn 的缓冲区?
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
525 按“y”告诉它你想存盘。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
526
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
527
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
528 * 命令集扩展(EXTENDING THE COMMAND SET)
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
529 -----------------------------------------
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
530
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
531 Emacs 的命令就像天上的星星,数也数不清。把它们都对应到 CONTROL 和 META
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
532 组合键上显然是不可能的。Emacs 用扩展(eXtend)命令来解决这个问题,扩展
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
533 命令有两种风格:
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
534
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
535 C-x 字符扩展。 C-x 之后输入另一个字符或者组合键。
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
536 M-x 命令名扩展。M-x 之后输入一个命令名。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
537
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
538 很多扩展命令都相当有用,虽然与你已经学过的命令比起来,他们可能不那么常
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
539 用。我们早已经见过一些扩展命令了,比如用 C-x C-f 寻找文件和用 C-x C-s
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
540 保存文件;退出 Emacs 用的 C-x C-c 也是扩展命令。(不用担心退出 Emacs 会
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
541 给你带来什么损失,Emacs 会在退出之前提醒你存盘的)
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
542
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
543 在控制台下,C-z 可以暂时离开 Emacs——当然,你还可以再回来。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
544
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
545 在允许 C-z 的系统中,C-z 会把 Emacs“挂起”,也就是说,它会回到 shell
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
546 但不退出 Emacs。在常用的 shell 中,通常可以用“fg”或者“%emacs”命令再
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
547 次回到 Emacs 中。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
548
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
549 在没有提供挂起功能的系统中,C-z 会在 Emacs 之下创建一个子 shell 来让你
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
550 运行其它程序,并且再次“回到”Emacs 中——虽然我们并没有真正离开过。这
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
551 种情况下,通常用 shell 命令“exit”从子 shell 回到 Emacs。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
552
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
553 你最好在打算退出登陆的时候再用 C-x C-c。在 Emacs 被诸如邮件处理程序之类
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
554 的外部程序调用之后,也可以用 C-x C-c 退出。不过一般来讲,如果你不想退出
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
555 登录,最好还是把 Emacs 挂起而不是退出。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
556
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
557 C-x 的扩展命令有很多,下面列出的是你已经学过的:
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
558
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
559 C-x C-f 寻找文件。
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
560 C-x C-s 保存文件。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
561 C-x C-b 列出缓冲区。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
562 C-x C-c 离开 Emacs。
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
563 C-x 1 关掉其它所有窗格,只保留一个。
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
564 C-x u 撤销。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
565
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
566 用命令名扩展的命令通常并不常用,或只用在部分模式下。比如 replace-string
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
567 (字符串替换)这个命令,它会在全文范围内把一个字符串替换成另一个。在输
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
568 入 M-x 之后,Emacs 会在屏幕底端向你询问并等待你输入命令名。如果你想输入
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
569 “replace-string”,其实只需要敲“repl s<TAB>”就行了,Emacs 会帮你自动
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
570 补齐。输入完之后按 <Return> 。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
571
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
572 字符串替换命令需要两个参数——被替换的字符串和用来替换它的字符串。每个
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
573 参数的输入都以换行符来结束。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
574
72465
11f0b40e677c Sync with the latest TUTORIAL.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 69119
diff changeset
575 >> 将光标移到本行下面第二行的空白处,然后输入
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
576 M-x repl s<Return>changed<Return>altered<Return>。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
577
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
578 【以下保留一行原文,以应练习之需:】
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
579 Notice how this line has changed: you've replaced...
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
580
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
581 请注意这一行的变化:在光标之后的范围内,你已经将“changed”这个词——不
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
582 论它在哪里出现——全部用“altered”替换掉了。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
583
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
584
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
585 * 自动保存(AUTO SAVE)
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
586 -----------------------
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
587
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
588 如果你已经修改了一个文件,但是还没来得及存盘你的计算机就罢工了,那么你
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
589 所做的修改就很可能会丢失。为了避免这样的不幸发生,Emacs 会定期将正在编
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
590 辑的文件写入一个“自动保存”文件中。自动保存文件的文件名的头尾各有一个
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
591 “#”字符,比如你正在编辑的文件叫“hello.c”,那么它的自动保存文件就叫
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
592 “#hello.c#”。这个文件会在正常存盘之后被 Emacs 删除。
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
593
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
594 所以,假如不幸真的发生了,你大可以从容地打开原来的文件(注意不是自动保
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
595 存文件)然后输入 M-x recover file<Return> 来恢复你的自动保存文件。在提
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
596 示确认的时候,输入 yes<Return>。
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
597
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
598
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
599 * 回显区(ECHO AREA)
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
600 ---------------------
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
601
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
602 如果 Emacs 发现你输入多字符命令的节奏很慢,它会在窗格的下方称为“回显区”
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
603 的地方给你提示。回显区位于屏幕的最下面一行。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
604
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
605
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
606 * 状态栏(MODE LINE)
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
607 ---------------------
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
608
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
609 位于回显区正上方的一行被称为“状态栏”。状态栏上会显示一些信息,比如:
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
610
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
611 --:** TUTORIAL.cn (Fundamental)--L670--54%----------------
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
612
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
613 状态栏显示了 Emacs 的状态和你正在编辑的文字的一些信息。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
614
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
615 你应该知道文件名的意思吧?就是你找到的那个文件嘛。-NN%-- 显示的是光标在
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
616 全文中的位置。如果位于文件的开头,那么就显示 --Top-- 而不是 --00%--;如
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
617 果位于文件的末尾,就显示 --Bot--。如果文件很小,一屏就足以显示全部内容,
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
618 那么状态栏会显示 --All--。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
619
72465
11f0b40e677c Sync with the latest TUTORIAL.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 69119
diff changeset
620 “L” 和其后的数字给出了光标所在行的行号。
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
621
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
622 最开头的星号(*)表示你已经对文字做过改动。刚刚打开的文件肯定没有被改动
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
623 过,所以状态栏上显示的不是星号而是短线(-)。
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
624
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
625 状态栏上小括号里的内容告诉你当前正在使用的编辑模式。缺省的模式是
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
626 Fundamental,就是你现在正在使用的这个。它是一种“主模式”。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
627
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
628 Emacs 的主模式林林总总。有用来编辑程序代码的——比如 Lisp 模式;也有用
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
629 来编辑各种自然语言文本的——比如 Text 模式。任何情况下只能应用一个主模
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
630 式,其名称会显示在状态栏上,也就是现在显示“Fundamental”的地方。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
631
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
632 主模式通常会改变一些命令的行为。比方说,不管编辑什么语言的程序代码,你
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
633 都可以用一个相同的命令来添加注释。但是在不同的语言中注释的语法往往是不
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
634 同的,这时不同的主模式就会用各自不同的语法规则来添加注释。主模式都是可
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
635 以用 M-x 启动的扩展命令,M-x fundamental-mode 就可以切换到 Fundamental
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
636 模式。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
637
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
638 编辑自然语言文本——比如现在——应该用 Text 模式。
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
639
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
640 >> 输入 M-x text mode<Return>。
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
641
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
642 别担心,什么都没变。不过细心一些可以发现,M-f 和 M-b 现在把单引号(')
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
643 视为词的一部分了。而在先前的 Fundamental 模式中,M-f 和 M-b 都将单引号
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
644 视为分隔单词的符号。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
645
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
646 主模式通常都会搞一些类似的小动作,因为很多命令其实完成的是“相同的工
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
647 作”,只是在不同环境下会有不同的工作方式而已。【所谓“求同存异”,在
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
648 Emacs 里得到了很好的体现】
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
649
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
650 用 C-h m 可以查看当前主模式的文档。
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
651
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
652 >> 用 C-u C-v 将本行带到屏幕的最上方。
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
653 >> 输入 C-h m,看看 Text 模式与 Fundamental 模式有哪些不同。
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
654 >> 输入 C-x 1 关掉文档窗格。
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
655
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
656 主模式之所以称之为“主(major)”模式,是因为同时还有“辅模式”(minor
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
657 mode)存在。辅模式并不能替代主模式,而是提供一些辅助的功能。每个辅模式
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
658 都可以独立地开启和关闭,跟其它辅模式无关,跟主模式也无关。所以你可以不
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
659 使用辅模式,也可以只使用一个或同时使用多个辅模式。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
660
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
661 有一个叫做自动折行(Auto Fill)的辅模式很有用,特别是在编辑自然语言文本
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
662 的时候。启用自动折行后,Emacs 会在你打字超出一行边界时自动替你换行。
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
663
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
664 用 M-x auto fill mode<Return> 启动自动折行模式。再用一次这条命令,自动
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
665 折行模式会被关闭。也就是说,如果自动折行模式没有被开启,这个命令会开启
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
666 它;如果已经开启了,这个命令会关闭它。所以我们说,这个命令可以用来“开
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
667 关(toggle)”模式。
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
668
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
669 >> 现在输入 M-x auto fill mode<Return>。然后随便敲点什么,直到你看到它
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
670 分成两行。你必须敲一些空格,因为 Auto Fill 只在空白处进行断行。
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
671 【输入空格对英文来说是必须的,而对中文则不必。】
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
672
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
673 行边界通常被设定为 70 个字符【这里指英文字符】,你可以用 C-x f 命令配合
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
674 数字参数来重新设定它。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
675
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
676 >> 输入 C-x f 并传递参数 20: C-u 2 0 C-x f。
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
677 然后输入一些文字,观察 Emacs 的自动折行动作
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
678 最后再用 C-x f 将边界设回 70。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
679
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
680 如果你在段落的中间做了一些修改,那么自动折行模式不会替你把整个段落重新
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
681 折行,你需要用 M-q 手动折行。注意,光标必须位于你需要折行的那一段里。
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
682
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
683 >> 移动光标到前一段中,然后输入 M-q。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
684
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
685
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
686 * 搜索(SEARCHING)
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
687 -------------------
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
688
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
689 Emacs 可以向前或向后搜索字符串。搜索命令是一个移动光标的命令:搜索成功
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
690 后,光标会停留在搜索目标出现的地方。
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
691
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
692 Emacs 的搜索命令的独特之处在于,它是“渐进的(incremental)”。意思是搜
72465
11f0b40e677c Sync with the latest TUTORIAL.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 69119
diff changeset
693 索与输入同时进行:你在键盘上一字一句地输入搜索词的过程中,Emacs 就已经
11f0b40e677c Sync with the latest TUTORIAL.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 69119
diff changeset
694 开始替你搜索了。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
695
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
696 C-s 是向前搜索,C-r 是向后搜索。不过手别这么快!别着急试。
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
697
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
698 在按下 C-s 之后,回显区里会有“I-search”字样出现,表明目前 Emacs 正处
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
699 于“渐进搜索”状态,并等待你输入搜索字串。按 <Return> 可以结束搜索。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
700
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
701 >> 输入 C-s 开始一个搜索。注意敲慢一点,一次输入一个字符。
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
702 慢慢输入“cursor”这个词,每敲一个字都停顿一下并观察光标。
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
703 现在你应该已曾经找到“cursor”这个词了。
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
704 >> 再按一次 C-s,搜索下一个“cursor”出现的位置。
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
705 >> 现在按四次退格键,看看光标是如何移动的。
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
706 >> 敲 <Return> 结束搜索。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
707
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
708 看仔细了么?在一次渐进式搜索中,Emacs 会尝试跳到搜索目标出现的位置。要
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
709 跳到下一个命中位置,就再按一次 C-s。如果找不到目标,Emacs 会发出“哔”
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
710 的一声,告诉你搜索失败。在整个过程中,都可以用 C-g 来终止搜索。【你会发
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
711 现 C-g 会让光标回到搜索开始的位置,而 <Return> 则让光标留在搜索结果上,
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
712 这是很有用的功能。】
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
713
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
714 注意:在某些终端下,输入 C-x C-s 会冻结屏幕【屏幕没有任何输出】,使你看
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
715 不到 Emacs 的任何变化。其原因是操作系统的“流量控制”功能拦截了 C-s 并
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
716 冻结了屏幕。用 C-q 可以解除屏幕冻结。要解决这个问题,请参考 Emacs 手册
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
717 里的“Spontaneous Entry to Incremental Search”一节【Emacs 手册可能还没
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
718 有中文翻译】,那里提供了一些有用的建议。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
719
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
720 在渐进式搜索中,按退格键会删除目标字符串的最后一个字符,并且光标会回到
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
721 最近一次搜索的命中位置。比如你已经输入了“c”,光标就停在“c”第一次出
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
722 现的位置,再输入“u”,光标停在“cu”第一次出现的位置,这时再按退格键,
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
723 “u”就从搜索字串中消失了,然后光标会回到“c”第一次出现的位置。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
724
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
725 另外,如果你在搜索的时候输入了 CONTROL 或者 META 组合键的话,搜索可能会
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
726 结束。(也有例外,比如 C-s 和 M-r 这些用于搜索的命令。)
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
727
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
728 前面说的都是“向下”搜索,如果想“向上”搜索,可以用 C-r。C-r 与 C-s
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
729 相比除了搜索方向相反之外,其余的操作都一样。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
730
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
731
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
732 * 多窗格(MULTIPLE WINDOWS)
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
733 ----------------------------
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
734
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
735 Emacs 的迷人之处很多,能够在屏幕上同时显示多个窗格就是其中之一。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
736
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
737 >> 移动光标到这一行,然后输入 C-u 0 C-l。
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
738
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
739 >> 现在输入 C-x 2,它会将屏幕划分成两个窗格。
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
740 这两个窗格里显示的都是本篇快速指南,而光标则停留在上方的窗格里。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
741
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
742 >> 试试用 C-M-v 滚动下方的窗格。
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
743 (如果你并没有 META 键,用 ESC C-v 也可以。)
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
744 【向上滚动是 C-M-S-v,也就是同时按住 CONTROL、META 和 SHIFT 再按 v】
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
745
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
746 >> 输入 C-x o(“o”指的是“其它(other)”),
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
747 将光标转移到下方的窗格。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
748
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
749 >> 在下方的窗格中,用 C-v 和 M-v 来滚动。
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
750 同时继续在上方的窗格里阅读这些指导。
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
751
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
752 >> 再输入 C-x o 将光标移回到上方的窗格里。
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
753 光标会回到它在上方窗格中原本所在的位置。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
754
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
755 连续使用 C-x o 可以遍历所有窗格。每一个窗格都有它自己的光标位置,但是只
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
756 有一个窗格会真正显示这个光标。【其它窗格在控制台下不会显示光标,在图形
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
757 窗口下缺省显示为镂空光标。】一般所有的编辑命令都作用于这个光标所在的窗
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
758 格,我们称这个窗格为“被选中的窗格”。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
759
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
760 当你在一个窗格中编辑,但用另一个窗格作为参考的时候,C-M-v 是很有用的命
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
761 令。你可以始终处于编辑窗格中,然后用 C-M-v 命令滚动另外一个窗格。【比如
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
762 翻译和校对就很适合用这种方式进行。】
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
763
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
764 C-M-v 是一个 CONTROL-META 组合键。如果你有 META 键的话,可以同时按住
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
765 CONTROL 和 META 键并输入 v。CONTROL 和 META 键先按哪个都可以,因为它们
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
766 只是用来“修饰(modify)”你输入的字符的。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
767
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
768 如果你并没有 META 键,你也可以用 ESC 来代替,不过这样的话就要注意按键顺
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
769 序了:你必须先输入 ESC ,然后再输入 CONTROL-v。CONTROL-ESC v 是没用的,
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
770 因为 ESC 本身是一个字符键,而不是一个修饰键(modifier key)。
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
771
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
772 >> (在上方窗格里)输入 C-x 1 关掉下方窗格。
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
773
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
774 (如果你在下方的窗格里输入 C-x 1,那么就会关掉上方的窗格。你可以把这个
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
775 命令看成是“只保留一个窗格”——就是我们正在编辑的这个。)
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
776
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
777 不同的窗格可以显示不同的缓冲区。如果你在一个窗格里用 C-x C-f 打开了一个
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
778 文件,另一个窗格并不会发生什么变化。任何一个窗格里都可以用来打开文件。
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
779
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
780 用下面的方法可以在一个新开窗格里打开文件:
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
781
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
782 >> 输入 C-x 4 C-f,紧跟着输入一个文件名,再用 <Return> 结束。
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
783 可以看到你指定的文件出现在下方的窗格中,同时光标也跳到了那里。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
784
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
785 >> 输入 C-x o 回到上方的窗格,然后再用 C-x 1 关掉下方窗格。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
786
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
787
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
788 * 递归编辑(RECURSIVE EDITING LEVELS)
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
789 --------------------------------------
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
790
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
791 有时候你会进入所谓的“递归编辑”。递归编辑状态由位于状态栏的方括号所指
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
792 示,其中包含了用小括号来指明的模式名称。比如说,你有时可能会看到
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
793 [(Fundamental)],而不是 (Fundamental)。【比如在用 M-% 进行交互式替换的
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
794 时候你又用了 C-s 进行搜索,这时替换模式并没有结束,但你又进入了搜索模式,
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
795 这就是所谓的递归编辑。】
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
796
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
797 离开递归编辑可以用 ESC ESC ESC。这是一个最通用的“离开”命令,你甚至可
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
798 以使用它来关掉多余的窗格,或者离开小缓冲。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
799
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
800 >> 输入 M-x 进入小缓冲;然后输入 ESC ESC ESC 离开。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
801
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
802 你不能用 C-g 退出递归编辑,因为 C-g 的作用是取消“本层递归编辑之内”的
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
803 命令和其参数(arguments)。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
804
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
805
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
806 * 获得更多帮助(GETTING MORE HELP)
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
807 -----------------------------------
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
808
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
809 本快速指南的目的仅仅是帮助你在 Emacs 的海洋里下水,不至于束手无策望洋兴
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
810 叹。有关 Emacs 的话题可谓汗牛充栋,这里自然是难尽万一。不过 Emacs 很理
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
811 解你求知若渴的心情,因为它提供的强大功能实在是太多了。为此,Emacs 提供
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
812 了一些命令来查看 Emacs 的命令文档,这些命令都以 CONTROL-h 开头,这个字
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
813 符也因此被称为“帮助(Help)字符”。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
814
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
815 要使用帮助(Help)功能,请先输入 C-h,然后再输入一个字符以说明你需要什
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
816 么帮助。如果你连自己到底需要什么帮助都不知道,那么就输入 C-h ?,Emacs
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
817 会告诉你它能提供了哪些帮助。如果你按了 C-h 又想反悔,可以用 C-g 取消。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
818
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
819 (有些主机改变了 C-h 的意义,这种以己度人外加一刀切的做法确实不太好,不
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
820 过倒是让你可以义正辞严地抱怨他们的系统管理员。话说回来,如果你按 C-h 之
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
821 后没有任何帮助信息显示出来,那么试试 F1 键或者 M-x help <Return> 。)
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
822
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
823 最基本的帮助功能是 C-h c。输入 C-h c 之后再输入一个组合键,Emacs 会给出
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
824 这个命令的简要说明。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
825
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
826 >> 输入 C-h c C-p。
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
827
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
828 显示的消息应该会是这样:
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
829
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
830 C-p runs the command previous-line
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
831
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
832 这条消息显示了 C-p 命令对应的函数名,函数名主要用来定制和扩展 Emacs。命
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
833 令的功能由函数完成,所以函数名本身也可以被看成是最简单的文档——至少对
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
834 于你已经学过的命令来说,它们的函数名足以解释它们的功能了。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
835
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
836 多字符命令一样可以用 C-h c 来查看。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
837
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
838 想得到更多的信息,请把 C-h c 换成 C-h k 试试看。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
839
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
840 >> 输入 C-h k C-p。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
841
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
842 上面的命令会新打开一个 Emacs 窗格以显示函数的名称及其文档。你读完之后可
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
843 以用 C-x 1 关掉这个帮助窗格。当然你并不需要立即这样做,你完全可以先在编
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
844 辑窗格里做点别的事情,然后再关掉帮助窗格。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
845
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
846 还有一些其它有用的 C-h 命令:
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
847
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
848 C-h f 解释一个函数。需要输入函数名。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
849
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
850 >> 试试看,输入 C-h f previous-line<Return>。
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
851 Emacs 会给出它所知道的所有有关“实现 C-p 命令功能的函数”的信息。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
852
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
853 C-h v 用来显示 Emacs 变量的文档。Emacs 变量可以被用来“定制 Emacs 的行
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
854 为”。同样,你需要输入变量的名称。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
855
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
856 C-h a 相关命令搜索(Command Apropos)。
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
857 输入一个关键词然后 Emacs 会列出所有命令名中包含此关键词
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
858 的命令。这些命令全都可以用 M-x 来启动。对于某些命令来说,
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
859 相关命令搜索还会列出一两个组合键。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
860
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
861 >> 输入 C-h a file<Return>。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
862
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
863 Emacs 会在另一个窗格里显示一个 M-x 命令列表,这个列表包含了所有名称中含
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
864 有“file”的命令。你可以看到像“C-x C-f”这样的组合键显示在“find-file”
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
865 这样的命令名的旁边。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
866
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
867 >> 用 C-M-v 来回滚动 help 窗格,多试几次。
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
868
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
869 >> 输入 C-x 1 来删除 help 窗格。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
870
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
871 C-h i 阅读联机手册(也就是通常讲的 Info)。
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
872 这个命令会打开一个称为“*info*”的特殊缓冲区,在那里,
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
873 你可以阅读安装在系统里的软件包使用手册。要读 Emacs 的使
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
874 用手册,按 m emacs <Return> 就可以了。如果你之前从没用
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
875 过 Info 系统,那么请按“?”,Emacs 会带你进入 Info 的使
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
876 用指南。在看完本快速指南之后,Emacs Info 会成为你的主要
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
877 参考文档。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
878
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
879
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
880 * 更多精彩(MORE FEATURES)
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
881 ---------------------------
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
882
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
883 想学习更多的使用技巧,Emacs 使用手册(manual)值得一读。你可以读纸版的
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
884 书,也可以看电子版的联机手册(可以从 Help 菜单进入或者按 F10 h r)。提
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
885 两个你可能会很感兴趣的功能吧,一个是可以帮你少敲键盘的 completion(自动
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
886 补全),另一个是方便文件处理的 dired(目录编辑)。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
887
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
888 Completion 可以替你节省不必要的键盘输入。比如说你想切换到 *Message* 缓
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
889 冲区,你就可以用 C-x b *M<Tab> 来完成。只要 Emacs 能够根据你已经输入的
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
890 文字确定你想要输入的内容,它就会自动帮你补齐。有关 Completion 的详细说
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
891 明可以在 Emacs Info 中的“Completion”一节里找到。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
892
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
893 Dired 能够在一个缓冲区里列出一个目录下的所有文件(可以选择是否也列出子
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
894 目录),然后你可以在这个文件列表上完成对文件的移动、访问、重命名或删除
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
895 等等操作。Dired 也在 Emacs Info 中有详细介绍,参见“Dired”一节。
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
896
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
897 Emacs 使用手册里还有许许多多的精彩功能等着你来了解。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
898
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
899
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
900 * 总结(CONCLUSION)
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
901 --------------------
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
902
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
903 记住,要退出 Emacs 请用 C-x C-c。要暂时切换到 shell 并且稍后再回到
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
904 Emacs 里来,请用 C-z。【切换到 shell 仅对控制台下的 Emacs 有效】
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
905
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
906 本文完全是为零起点新手所写的起步教程。如果你觉得哪里还看不明白,千万不
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
907 要怀疑自己,那一定是我们没有写好。我们永远欢迎你的不满和抱怨。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
908
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
909
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
910 * 翻译(TRANSLATION)
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
911 ---------------------
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
912
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
913 翻译:孙一江 <sunyijiang@gmail.com>
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
914 校对:水木社区(www.newsmth.net)Emacs 板众多网友及众多 Emacs 中文用户
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
915
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
916 Emacs 快速指南(Tutorial)早有两个刘昭宏的中文译本,繁简各一。其简体版本
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
917 (TUTORIAL.cn)基本由繁体版本(TUTORIAL.zh)经词语替换而得。然而繁简中文
72465
11f0b40e677c Sync with the latest TUTORIAL.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 69119
diff changeset
918 不仅在用词习惯上有所不同,更有诸多表达方式与句法方面的差异,因此一直以来
11f0b40e677c Sync with the latest TUTORIAL.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 69119
diff changeset
919 用户使用 TUTORIAL.cn 都会略觉生硬和晦涩。这次重新翻译 TUTORIAL.cn 的动机
11f0b40e677c Sync with the latest TUTORIAL.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 69119
diff changeset
920 正是源于这种体验,希望我们的工作能够让本文更好地发挥其作用。TUTORIAL.zh
11f0b40e677c Sync with the latest TUTORIAL.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 69119
diff changeset
921 的译文质量很高,在翻译过程中给予过我们许多借鉴和参考,在此对刘昭宏的工作
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
922 表示感谢。
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
923
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
924 翻译过程中最大的挑战莫过于术语译词的选择了。经过水木社区 Emacs 板热心网
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
925 友小范围内的讨论,我们选择了现在的译法。用户的广泛参与是自由软件生命力
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
926 的源泉,所以如果你有任何建议、勘误或想法,请用你喜欢的方式向我们提出。
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
927 你可以通过电子邮件直接联系译者,也可以放到 GNU Emacs 的开发邮件列表或者
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
928 水木社区的 Emacs 板上进行讨论。
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
929
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
930 下面列出主要术语的译词对照,并给出注释说明:
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
931
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
932 command 命令
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
933 cursor 光标
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
934 scrolling 滚动
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
935 numeric argument 数字参数
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
936 window 窗格 [1]
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
937 insert 插入
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
938 delete 删除 [2]
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
939 kill 移除 [2]
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
940 yank 召回 [2]
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
941 undo 撤销
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
942 file 文件
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
943 buffer 缓冲区
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
944 minibuffer 小缓冲
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
945 echo area 回显区
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
946 mode line 状态栏
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
947 search 搜索
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
948 incremental search 渐进式搜索 [3]
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
949
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
950 [1] “window”一词在计算机相关的领域一般都被译为“窗口”。但是在 Emacs
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
951 中,还有一个“frame”的概念。在被广泛使用的 X 窗口系统和微软的视窗
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
952 (Windows)系列操作系统中,Emacs 的一个“frame”就是一个“窗口”,因
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
953 此把 Emacs 中的“frame”译成“窗口”更加符合通常的习惯。这样,Emacs
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
954 中的“window”就只能译成“窗格”了。我们认为 Emacs 中 window 和
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
955 frame 的关系用窗格和窗口来类比是十分形象的。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
956
72465
11f0b40e677c Sync with the latest TUTORIAL.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 69119
diff changeset
957 《学习GNU Emacs》(第二版)一书对“window”和“frame”的翻译与本教程
11f0b40e677c Sync with the latest TUTORIAL.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 69119
diff changeset
958 刚好相反(分别译作“窗口”和“窗格”)。在此特别注明,以消除可能产生
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
959 的疑惑。(感谢李旭章 <lixuzhang@gmail.com> 指出)
72465
11f0b40e677c Sync with the latest TUTORIAL.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 69119
diff changeset
960
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
961 [2] 对于“delete”和“kill”的区别,正文已经给出了详细的说明。“删除”和
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
962 “移除”相比较起来,前者更多地隐含着“破坏”和“不可恢复”的意思,而
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
963 后者更多地隐含着“被转移”和“可恢复”的意思。因此分别选择它们作为上
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
964 述两词的译词,希望能够体现出区别。“yank”在中文文档中鲜有对应译词出
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
965 现,翻译的困难较大。究其本意是:“a strong sudden pull”(参见韦氏词
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
966 典),即“猛然拉回”。在原文档中 yank 被引申为“将先前移除的东西再移
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
967 回来”这个意思,所以我们选择了“召回”一词与其对应。
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
968
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
969 [3] “incremental”一词在计算机著作中广泛出现,被广泛接受的中文译词有两
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
970 个:“增量的”和“渐进的”。“incremental search”翻译成“增量式搜索
74089
906eae8cd344 Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 72465
diff changeset
971 ”或者“渐进式搜索”都讲得通,且都有各自的形象之处。还是参考原文对其
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
972 的解释:“... means that the search happens while you type in the
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
973 string to search for”。意思是之所以称其为“incremental search”,是
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
974 因为“在你输入搜索字符串的过程中,搜索就已经在进行了”。我们认为“增
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
975 量的”更加强调在现有基础上的变化(比如“增量备份”,“增量编译”);
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
976 而“渐进的”更加强调过程的逐渐发展,也更加符合原文的意思。因此我们选
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
977 择将“incremental search”译作“渐进式搜索”。
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
978
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
979
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
980 * 版权声明(COPYING)
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
981 ---------------------
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
982
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
983 This tutorial descends from a long line of Emacs tutorials
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
984 starting with the one written by Stuart Cracraft for the original Emacs.
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
985
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
986 This version of the tutorial, like GNU Emacs, is copyrighted, and
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
987 comes with permission to distribute copies on certain conditions:
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
988
65088
f05a048483cc Update years in copyright notice; nfc.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents: 61227
diff changeset
989 Copyright (C) 1985, 1996, 1998, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004,
75343
0259a1711394 Update copyright for years from Emacs 21 to present (mainly adding
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 74089
diff changeset
990 2005, 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
991
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
992 Permission is granted to anyone to make or distribute verbatim copies
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
993 of this document as received, in any medium, provided that the
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
994 copyright notice and permission notice are preserved,
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
995 and that the distributor grants the recipient permission
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
996 for further redistribution as permitted by this notice.
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
997
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
998 Permission is granted to distribute modified versions
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
999 of this document, or of portions of it,
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
1000 under the above conditions, provided also that they
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
1001 carry prominent notices stating who last altered them.
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
1002
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
1003 The conditions for copying Emacs itself are more complex, but in the
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
1004 same spirit. Please read the file COPYING and then do give copies of
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
1005 GNU Emacs to your friends. Help stamp out software obstructionism
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
1006 ("ownership") by using, writing, and sharing free software!
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
1007
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
1008 【下面为版权声明的译文,仅供参考。实际法律效力以英文原文为准。】
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
1009
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
1010 本快速指南沿袭自历史悠久的 Emacs 快速指南,可上溯至 Stuart Cracraft 为最
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
1011 初的 Emacs 所作的版本。
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
1012
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
1013 本篇文档与 GNU Emacs 一样拥有版权,并允许在下列条件的约束下发行其拷贝:
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
1014
75364
a0b90c38e931 Add 2007 to copyright.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 75343
diff changeset
1015 Copyright (C) 1985, 1996, 1998, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006,
a0b90c38e931 Add 2007 to copyright.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 75343
diff changeset
1016 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
1017
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
1018 本文档允许在不变更文档内容的情况下由任何人发布在任何媒体上,同时必须
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
1019 完整保留版权和许可声明,且需给予受众与发行者完全相同的、如本声明所允
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
1020 许的再次发行本文档的权利。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
1021
68963
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
1022 本声明允许在与上述条件相同的情况下发布经过修改的全部或部分文档,同时
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
1023 必须附带显要的文字以申明文档的最后修改者。
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
1024
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
1025 Emacs 自身的版权问题虽比本文档要复杂一些,但也基于相同的精神。敬请阅读文
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
1026 件“COPYING”,然后向你的朋友们分发 GNU Emacs 拷贝。让我们以使用、编写和
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
1027 分享自由软件的实际行动来共同祛除软件障碍主义(所谓的“所有权”)!
5e3a3ea43563 Reworked.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 68640
diff changeset
1028
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
1029 ;;; Local Variables:
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
1030 ;;; coding: chinese-iso-8bit
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
1031 ;;; End:
52401
695cf19ef79e Add arch taglines
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents: 51138
diff changeset
1032
695cf19ef79e Add arch taglines
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents: 51138
diff changeset
1033 ;;; arch-tag: 46a53d82-a85a-46b6-bdc7-583aca063578