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1 .\" See section COPYING for copyright and redistribution information.
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2 .TH EMACS 1 "2007 April 13" "GNU Emacs 24.0.50"
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3 .
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4 .
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5 .SH NAME
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6 emacs \- GNU project Emacs
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7 .
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8 .
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9 .SH SYNOPSIS
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10 .B emacs
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11 [
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12 .I command-line switches
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13 ] [
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14 .I files ...\&
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15 ]
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16 .
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17 .
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18 .SH DESCRIPTION
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19 .I GNU Emacs
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20 is a version of
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21 .IR Emacs ,
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22 written by the author of the original (PDP-10)
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23 .IR Emacs ,
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24 Richard Stallman.
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25 The user functionality of GNU Emacs encompasses everything other
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26 editors do, and it is easily extensible since its editing commands are
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27 written in Lisp.
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28 .PP
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29 The primary documentation of GNU Emacs is in the GNU Emacs Manual,
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30 which you can read using Info, either from Emacs or as a standalone
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31 program.
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32 Please look there for complete and up-to-date documentation.
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33 This man page is updated only when someone volunteers to do so.
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34 .PP
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35 .I Emacs
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36 has an extensive interactive help facility,
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37 but the facility assumes that you know how to manipulate
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38 .I Emacs
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39 windows and buffers.
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40 CTRL-h or F1 enters the Help facility.
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41 Help Tutorial (CTRL-h t) starts an interactive tutorial to quickly
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42 teach beginners the fundamentals of
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43 .I Emacs.
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44 Help Apropos (CTRL-h a) helps you find a command given its
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45 functionality, Help Key (CTRL-h k) describes a given key sequence, and
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46 Help Function (CTRL-h f) describes a given Lisp function.
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47 .PP
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48 .IR "GNU Emacs" 's
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49 many special packages handle mail reading (RMail) and sending (Mail),
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50 outline editing (Outline), compiling (Compile), running subshells
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51 within
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52 .I Emacs
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53 windows (Shell), running a Lisp read-eval-print loop
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54 (Lisp-Interaction-Mode), automated psychotherapy (Doctor), and much more.
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55 .
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56 .SS Emacs Options
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57 The following options are of general interest:
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58 .RS
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59 .TP 8
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60 .I file
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61 Edit
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62 .IR file .
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63 .TP
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64 .BI \-\-file " file\fR,\fP " \-\-find-file " file\fR,\fP " \-\-visit " file"
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65 The same as specifying
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66 .I file
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67 directly as an argument.
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68 .TP
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69 .BI + number
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70 Go to the line specified by
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71 .I number
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72 (do not insert a space between the "+" sign and
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73 the number).
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74 This applies only to the next file specified.
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75 .TP
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76 .BI + line:column
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77 Go to the specified
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78 .I line
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79 and
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80 .IR column .
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81 .TP
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82 .BR \-q ", " \-\-no\-init\-file
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83 Do not load an init file.
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84 .TP
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85 .B \-\-no\-site\-file
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86 Do not load the site-wide startup file.
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87 .TP
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88 .B \-\-no\-desktop
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89 Do not load a saved desktop.
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90 .TP
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91 .BR \-Q ", " \-\-quick
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92 Similar to "\-q \-\-no\-site\-file \-\-no\-splash". Also, avoid
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93 processing X resources.
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94 .TP
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95 .B \-\-no\-splash
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96 Do not display a splash screen during start-up.
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97 .TP
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98 .B \-\-debug\-init
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99 Enable
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100 .I Emacs
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101 Lisp debugger during the processing of the user init file
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102 .BR ~/.emacs .
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103 This is useful for debugging problems in the init file.
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104 .TP
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105 .BI \-u " user\fR,\fP " \-\-user " user"
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106 Load
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107 .IR user 's
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108 init file.
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109 .TP
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110 .BI \-t " file\fR,\fP " \-\-terminal " file"
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111 Use specified
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112 .I file
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113 as the terminal instead of using stdin/stdout.
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114 This must be the first argument specified in the command line.
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115 .TP
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116 .B \-\-daemon
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117 Start Emacs as a daemon, enabling the Emacs server and disconnecting
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118 from the terminal. You can then use the emacsclient command to
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119 connect to the server (see
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120 .BR emacsclient (1)).
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121 .TP
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122 .B \-\-version
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123 Display
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124 .I Emacs
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125 version information and exit.
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126 .TP
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127 .B \-\-help
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128 Display this help and exit.
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129 .RE
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130 .PP
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131 The following options are Lisp-oriented
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132 (these options are processed in the order encountered):
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133 .RS
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134 .TP 8
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135 .BI \-f " function\fR,\fP " \-\-funcall " function"
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136 Execute the lisp function
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137 .IR function .
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138 .TP
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139 .BI \-l " file\fR,\fP " \-\-load " file"
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140 Load the lisp code in the file
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141 .IR file .
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142 .TP
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143 .BI \-\-eval " expr\fR,\fP " \-\-execute " expr"
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144 Evaluate the Lisp expression
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145 .IR expr .
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146 .RE
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147 .PP
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148 The following options are useful when running
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149 .I Emacs
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150 as a batch editor:
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151 .RS
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152 .TP 8
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153 .B \-\-batch
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154 Edit in batch mode.
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155 The editor will send messages to stderr.
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156 You must use \-l and \-f options to specify files to execute
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157 and functions to call.
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158 .TP
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159 .BI \-\-script " file"
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160 Run
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161 .I file
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162 as an Emacs Lisp script.
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163 .TP
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164 .BI \-\-insert " file"
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165 Insert contents of
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166 .I file
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167 into the current buffer.
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168 .TP
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169 .B \-\-kill
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170 Exit
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171 .I Emacs
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172 while in batch mode.
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173 .TP
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174 .BI \-L " dir\fR,\fP " \-\-directory " dir"
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175 Add
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176 .I dir
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177 to the list of directories
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178 .I Emacs
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179 searches for Lisp files.
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180 .RE
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181 .
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182 .\" START DELETING HERE IF YOU'RE NOT USING X
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183 .SS Using Emacs with X
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184 .I Emacs
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185 has been tailored to work well with the X window system.
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186 If you run
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187 .I Emacs
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188 from under X windows, it will create its own X window to
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189 display in.
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190 You will probably want to start the editor as a background
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191 process so that you can continue using your original window.
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192 .PP
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193 .I Emacs
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194 can be started with the following X switches:
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195 .RS
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196 .TP 8
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197 .BI \-\-name " name"
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198 Specify the name which should be assigned to the initial
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199 .I Emacs
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200 window.
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201 This controls looking up X resources as well as the window title.
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202 .TP
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203 .BI \-T " name\fR,\fP " \-\-title " name"
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204 Specify the title for the initial X window.
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205 .TP
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206 .BR \-r ", " \-rv ", " \-\-reverse\-video
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207 Display the
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208 .I Emacs
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209 window in reverse video.
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210 .TP
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211 .BI \-fn " font\fR,\fP " \-\-font " font"
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212 Set the
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213 .I Emacs
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214 window's font to that specified by
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215 .IR font .
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216 You will find the various
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217 .I X
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218 fonts in the
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219 .I /usr/lib/X11/fonts
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220 directory.
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221 Note that
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222 .I Emacs
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223 will only accept fixed width fonts.
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224 Under the X11 Release 4 font-naming conventions, any font with the
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225 value "m" or "c" in the eleventh field of the font name is a fixed
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226 width font.
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227 Furthermore, fonts whose name are of the form
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228 .IR width x height
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229 are generally fixed width, as is the font
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230 .IR fixed .
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231 See
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232 .BR xlsfonts (1)
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233 for more information.
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234
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235 When you specify a font, be sure to put a space between the
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236 switch and the font name.
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237 .TP
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238 .BI \-\-xrm " resources"
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239 Set additional X resources.
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240 .TP
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241 .BI "\-\-color\fR,\fP \-\-color=" mode
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242 Override color mode for character terminals;
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243 .I mode
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244 defaults to `auto', and can also be `never', `auto', `always',
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245 or a mode name like `ansi8'.
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246 .TP
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247 .BI \-bw " pixels\fR,\fP " \-\-border\-width " pixels"
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248 Set the
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249 .I Emacs
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250 window's border width to the number of pixels specified by
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251 .IR pixels .
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252 Defaults to one pixel on each side of the window.
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253 .TP
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254 .BI \-ib " pixels\fR,\fP " \-\-internal\-border " pixels"
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255 Set the window's internal border width to the number of pixels specified
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256 by
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257 .IR pixels .
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258 Defaults to one pixel of padding on each side of the window.
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259 .TP
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260 .BI \-g " geometry\fR,\fP " \-\-geometry " geometry"
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261 Set the
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262 .I Emacs
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263 window's width, height, and position as specified.
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264 The geometry specification is in the standard X format; see
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265 .BR X (7)
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266 for more information.
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267 The width and height are specified in characters; the default is
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268 80 by 24.
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269 See the Emacs manual, section "Options for Window Size and Position",
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270 for information on how window sizes interact
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271 with selecting or deselecting the tool bar and menu bar.
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272 .TP
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273 .BI \-lsp " pixels\fR,\fP " \-\-line\-spacing " pixels"
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274 Additional space to put between lines.
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275 .TP
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276 .BR \-vb ", " \-\-vertical\-scroll\-bars
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277 Enable vertical scrollbars.
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278 .TP
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279 .BR \-fh ", " \-\-fullheight
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280 Make the first frame as high as the screen.
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281 .TP
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282 .BR \-fs ", " \-\-fullscreen
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283 Make the first frame fullscreen.
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284 .TP
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285 .BR \-fw ", " \-\-fullwidth
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286 Make the first frame as wide as the screen.
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287 .TP
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288 .BR \-mm ", " \-\-maximized
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289 Maximize the first frame, like "\-fw \-fh".
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290 .TP
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291 .BI \-fg " color\fR,\fP " \-\-foreground\-color " color"
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292 On color displays, set the color of the text.
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293
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294 Use the command
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295 .I M\-x list\-colors\-display
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296 for a list of valid color names.
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297 .TP
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298 .BI \-bg " color\fR,\fP " \-\-background\-color " color"
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299 On color displays, set the color of the window's background.
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300 .TP
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301 .BI \-bd " color\fR,\fP " \-\-border\-color " color"
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302 On color displays, set the color of the window's border.
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303 .TP
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304 .BI \-cr " color\fR,\fP " \-\-cursor\-color " color"
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305 On color displays, set the color of the window's text cursor.
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306 .TP
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307 .BI \-ms " color\fR,\fP " \-\-mouse\-color " color"
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308 On color displays, set the color of the window's mouse cursor.
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309 .TP
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310 .BI \-d " displayname\fR,\fP " \-\-display " displayname"
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311 Create the
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312 .I Emacs
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313 window on the display specified by
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314 .IR displayname .
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315 Must be the first option specified in the command line.
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316 .TP
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317 .BR \-nbi ", " \-\-no\-bitmap\-icon
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318 Do not use picture of gnu for Emacs icon.
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319 .TP
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320 .B \-\-iconic
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321 Start
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322 .I Emacs
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323 in iconified state.
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324 .TP
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325 .BR \-nbc ", " \-\-no\-blinking\-cursor
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326 Disable blinking cursor.
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327 .TP
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328 .BR \-nw ", " \-\-no\-window\-system
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329 Tell
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330 .I Emacs
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331 not to create a graphical frame.
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332 If you use this switch when invoking
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333 .I Emacs
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334 from an
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335 .BR xterm (1)
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336 window, display is done in that window.
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337 .TP
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338 .BR \-D ", " \-\-basic\-display
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339 This option disables many display features; use it for
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340 debugging Emacs.
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341 .RE
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342 .PP
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343 You can set
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344 .I X
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345 default values for your
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346 .I Emacs
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347 windows in your
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348 .I \.Xresources
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349 file (see
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350 .BR xrdb (1)).
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351 Use the following format:
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352 .IP
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353 .RI emacs. keyword : value
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354 .PP
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355 where
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356 .I value
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357 specifies the default value of
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358 .IR keyword .
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359 .I Emacs
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360 lets you set default values for the following keywords:
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361 .RS
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362 .TP 8
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363 .BR background " (class " Background )
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364 For color displays,
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365 sets the window's background color.
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366 .TP
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367 .BR bitmapIcon " (class " BitmapIcon )
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368 If
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369 .BR bitmapIcon 's
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370 value is set to
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371 .IR on ,
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372 the window will iconify into the "kitchen sink."
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373 .TP
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374 .BR borderColor " (class " BorderColor )
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375 For color displays,
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376 sets the color of the window's border.
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377 .TP
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378 .BR borderWidth " (class " BorderWidth )
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379 Sets the window's border width in pixels.
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380 .TP
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381 .BR cursorColor " (class " Foreground )
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382 For color displays,
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383 sets the color of the window's text cursor.
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384 .TP
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385 .BR cursorBlink " (class " CursorBlink )
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386 Specifies whether to make the cursor blink.
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387 The default is
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388 .IR on .
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389 Use
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390 .I off
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391 or
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392 .I false
|
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393 to turn cursor blinking off.
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394 .TP
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395 .BR font " (class " Font )
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396 Sets the window's text font.
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397 .TP
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398 .BR foreground " (class " Foreground )
|
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399 For color displays,
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400 sets the window's text color.
|
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401 .TP
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402 .BR fullscreen " (class " Fullscreen )
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403 The desired fullscreen size.
|
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404 The value can be one of
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405 .IR fullboth ,
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406 .IR maximized ,
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407 .IR fullwidth ,
|
|
408 or
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|
409 .IR fullheight ,
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* emacs.1: Mention "maximized" value for the "fullscreen" X resource.
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
diff
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410 which correspond to the command-line options `\-fs', `-mm', `\-fw',
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58afda80af8c
* emacs.1: Mention "maximized" value for the "fullscreen" X resource.
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
diff
changeset
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411 and `\-fh', respectively.
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412 Note that this applies to the initial frame only.
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413 .TP
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414 .BR geometry " (class " Geometry )
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415 Sets the geometry of the
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416 .I Emacs
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417 window (as described above).
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418 .TP
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419 .BR iconName " (class " Title )
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420 Sets the icon name for the
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421 .I Emacs
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422 window icon.
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423 .TP
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424 .BR internalBorder " (class " BorderWidth )
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425 Sets the window's internal border width in pixels.
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426 .TP
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427 .BR lineSpacing " (class " LineSpacing )
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428 Additional space ("leading") between lines, in pixels.
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429 .TP
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430 .BR menuBar " (class " MenuBar )
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431 Gives frames menu bars if
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432 .IR on ;
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433 don't have menu bars if
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434 .IR off .
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435 See the Emacs manual, sections "Lucid Resources" and "LessTif
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436 Resources", for how to control the appearance of the menu bar
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437 if you have one.
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438 .TP
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439 .BR minibuffer " (class " Minibuffer )
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440 If
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441 .IR none ,
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442 don't make a minibuffer in this frame.
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443 It will use a separate minibuffer frame instead.
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444 .TP
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445 .BR paneFont " (class " Font )
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446 Font name for menu pane titles, in non-toolkit versions of
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447 .IR Emacs .
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448 .TP
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449 .BR pointerColor " (class " Foreground )
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450 For color displays,
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451 sets the color of the window's mouse cursor.
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452 .TP
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453 .BR privateColormap " (class " PrivateColormap )
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454 If
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455 .IR on ,
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456 use a private color map, in the case where the "default
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457 visual" of class
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458 .B PseudoColor
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459 and
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460 .B Emacs
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461 is using it.
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462 .TP
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463 .BR reverseVideo " (class " ReverseVideo )
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464 If
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465 .BR reverseVideo 's
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466 value is set to
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467 .IR on ,
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468 the window will be displayed in reverse video.
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469 .TP
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470 .BR screenGamma " (class "ScreenGamma )
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471 Gamma correction for colors, equivalent to the frame parameter
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472 `screen\-gamma'.
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473 .TP
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474 .BR scrollBarWidth " (class "ScrollBarWidth )
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475 The scroll bar width in pixels, equivalent to the frame parameter
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476 `scroll\-bar\-width'.
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477 .TP
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478 .BR selectionFont " (class " SelectionFont )
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479 Font name for pop-up menu items, in non-toolkit versions of
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480 .IR Emacs .
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481 (For toolkit versions, see the Emacs manual, sections
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482 "Lucid Resources" and "LessTif Resources".)
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483 .TP
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484 .BR selectionTimeout " (class " SelectionTimeout )
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485 Number of milliseconds to wait for a selection reply.
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486 A value of 0 means wait as long as necessary.
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487 .TP
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488 .BR synchronous " (class " Synchronous )
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489 Run Emacs in synchronous mode if
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490 .IR on .
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491 Synchronous mode is useful for debugging X problems.
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492 .TP
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493 .BR title " (class " Title )
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494 Sets the title of the
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495 .I Emacs
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496 window.
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497 .TP
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498 .BR toolBar " (class " ToolBar )
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499 Number of lines to reserve for the tool bar.
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500 .TP
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501 .BR useXIM " (class " UseXIM )
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502 Turns off use of X input methods (XIM) if
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503 .I false
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504 or
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505 .IR off .
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506 .TP
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507 .BR verticalScrollBars " (class " ScrollBars )
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508 Gives frames scroll bars if
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509 .IR on ;
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510 suppresses scroll bars if
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511 .IR off .
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512 .TP
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513 .BR visualClass " (class " VisualClass )
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514 Specify the "visual" that X should use.
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515 This tells X how to handle colors.
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516 The value should start with one of
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517 .IR TrueColor ,
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518 .IR PseudoColor ,
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519 .IR DirectColor ,
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520 .IR StaticColor ,
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521 .IR GrayScale ,
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522 and
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523 .IR StaticGray ,
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524 followed by
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525 .BI \- depth\fR,\fP
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526 where
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527 .I depth
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528 is the number of color planes.
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529 .RE
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530 .
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531 .SH MANUALS
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532 You can order printed copies of the GNU Emacs Manual from the Free
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533 Software Foundation, which develops GNU software.
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534 See the file ORDERS for ordering information.
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535 .br
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536 Your local Emacs maintainer might also have copies available.
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537 As with all software and publications from FSF, everyone is permitted
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538 to make and distribute copies of the Emacs manual.
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539 The TeX source to the manual is also included in the Emacs source
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540 distribution.
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541 .
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542 .
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543 .SH FILES
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544 /usr/local/share/info \(em files for the Info documentation browser.
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545 The complete text of the Emacs reference manual is included in a
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546 convenient tree structured form.
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547 Also includes the Emacs Lisp Reference Manual, useful to anyone
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548 wishing to write programs in the Emacs Lisp extension language.
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549
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550 /usr/local/share/emacs/$VERSION/lisp \(em Lisp source files and
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551 compiled files that define most editing commands.
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552 Some are preloaded; others are autoloaded from this directory when
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553 used.
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554
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555 /usr/local/libexec/emacs/$VERSION/$ARCH \(em various programs that are
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556 used with GNU Emacs.
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557
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558 /usr/local/share/emacs/$VERSION/etc \(em various files of information.
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559
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560 /usr/local/share/emacs/$VERSION/etc/DOC.* \(em contains the documentation
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561 strings for the Lisp primitives and preloaded Lisp functions
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562 of GNU Emacs.
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563 They are stored here to reduce the size of Emacs proper.
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564
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565 /usr/local/share/emacs/$VERSION/etc/SERVICE lists people offering
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566 various services to assist users of GNU Emacs, including education,
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567 troubleshooting, porting and customization.
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568 .
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569 .
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570 .SH BUGS
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571 There is a mailing list, bug-gnu-emacs@gnu.org, for reporting Emacs
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572 bugs and fixes.
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573 But before reporting something as a bug, please try to be sure that
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574 it really is a bug, not a misunderstanding or a deliberate feature.
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575 We ask you to read the section ``Reporting Emacs Bugs'' near the
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576 end of the reference manual (or Info system) for hints on how and
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577 when to report bugs.
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578 Also, include the version number of the Emacs you are running in
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579 \fIevery\fR bug report that you send in.
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580 Bugs tend actually to be fixed if they can be isolated, so it is
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581 in your interest to report them in such a way that they can be
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582 easily reproduced.
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583
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584 Do not expect a personal answer to a bug report.
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585 The purpose of reporting bugs is to get them fixed for everyone
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586 in the next release, if possible.
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587 For personal assistance, look in the SERVICE file (see above) for
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588 a list of people who offer it.
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589
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590 Please do not send anything but bug reports to this mailing list.
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591 For more information about Emacs mailing lists, see the
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592 file /usr/local/share/emacs/$VERSION/etc/MAILINGLISTS.
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593 .
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594 .
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595 .SH UNRESTRICTIONS
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596 .I Emacs
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597 is free; anyone may redistribute copies of
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598 .I Emacs
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599 to
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600 anyone under the terms stated in the
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601 .I Emacs
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602 General Public License,
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603 a copy of which accompanies each copy of
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604 .I Emacs
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605 and which also
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606 appears in the reference manual.
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607 .PP
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608 Copies of
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609 .I Emacs
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610 may sometimes be received packaged with distributions of Unix systems,
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611 but it is never included in the scope of any license covering those
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612 systems.
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613 Such inclusion violates the terms on which distribution is permitted.
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614 In fact, the primary purpose of the General Public License is to
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615 prohibit anyone from attaching any other restrictions to
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616 redistribution of
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617 .IR Emacs .
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618 .PP
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619 Richard Stallman encourages you to improve and extend
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620 .IR Emacs ,
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621 and urges that
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622 you contribute your extensions to the GNU library.
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623 Eventually GNU (Gnu's Not Unix) will be a complete replacement
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624 for Unix.
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625 Everyone will be free to use, copy, study and change the GNU system.
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626 .
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627 .
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628 .SH SEE ALSO
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629 .BR emacsclient (1),
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630 .BR etags (1),
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631 .BR X (7),
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632 .BR xlsfonts (1),
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633 .BR xterm (1),
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634 .BR xrdb (1)
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635 .
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636 .
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637 .SH AUTHORS
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638 .I Emacs
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639 was written by Richard Stallman and the Free Software Foundation.
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106781
aae47b0bcc8d
* emacs.1: Copyedits. Update options -Q, -mm and --daemon. Remove deprecated --unibyte option.
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
diff
changeset
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640 For detailed credits and acknowledgements, see the GNU Emacs manual.
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aae47b0bcc8d
* emacs.1: Copyedits. Update options -Q, -mm and --daemon. Remove deprecated --unibyte option.
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
diff
changeset
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641 .
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642 .
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643 .
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644 .SH COPYING
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645 Copyright
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646 .if t \(co
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647 .if n (C)
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106781
aae47b0bcc8d
* emacs.1: Copyedits. Update options -Q, -mm and --daemon. Remove deprecated --unibyte option.
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
diff
changeset
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648 1995, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008,
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aae47b0bcc8d
* emacs.1: Copyedits. Update options -Q, -mm and --daemon. Remove deprecated --unibyte option.
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
diff
changeset
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649 2009, 2010
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aae47b0bcc8d
* emacs.1: Copyedits. Update options -Q, -mm and --daemon. Remove deprecated --unibyte option.
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
diff
changeset
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650 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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651 .PP
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652 Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
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653 document provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
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654 preserved on all copies.
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655 .PP
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656 Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of
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657 this document under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that
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658 the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of
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659 a permission notice identical to this one.
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660 .PP
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661 Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this
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662 document into another language, under the above conditions for
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663 modified versions, except that this permission notice may be stated
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664 in a translation approved by the Free Software Foundation.
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665 .
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666 .\" arch-tag: 04dfd376-b46e-4924-919a-cecc3b257eaa
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