annotate etc/TUTORIAL.es @ 56026:bb6720f21c54

Revision: miles@gnu.org--gnu-2004/emacs--cvs-trunk--0--patch-396 Tweak arch tagging to make build/install-in-place less annoying Previously, autoconf-created Makefiles and the like would contain duplicate taglines (unfortunately, autoconf doesn't seem to have a `strip in generated file' comment mechanism) leading to conflicts, and installing in place would create unknown directories and copies of source directories (leading to conflicts with the source directories). This changeset makes all autoconf-processed files use explicit id-tags and adds .arch-inventory entries to ignore installation directories.
author Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
date Fri, 11 Jun 2004 02:39:51 +0000
parents 695cf19ef79e
children 42da817a2b25 375f2633d815
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1 Usted esta viendo el tutorial de Emacs. Vea al final las condiciones
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2 de copiado. Copyright (c) 1985, 1996, 1998, 2001, 2002 Free Software
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3 Foundation.
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5 Generalmente los comandos de Emacs involucran la tecla CONTROL
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6 (algunas veces llamada CTRL O CTL) o la tecla meta (algunas veces
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7 llamada EDIT o ALT). En lugar de escribir completamente esto en cada
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8 ocasión, usaremos las siguientes abreviaturas.
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10 C-<car> significa mantener presionada la tecla CONTROL mientras
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11 teclea el carácter <car>. Por lo tanto C-f será: Mantenga
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12 presionada la tecla CONTROL y teclee f.
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13 M-<car> significa mantener presionada la tecla META o EDIT o ALT
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14 mientras teclea <car>. Si no hay teclas META, EDIT o ALT, en
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15 su lugar presione y libere la tecla ESC y luego teclee
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16 <car>. Escribimos <ESC> para referirnos a la tecla ESC.
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18 Nota importante: para terminar la sesión de Emacs teclee C-x C-c (dos
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19 caracteres). Los caracteres ">>" en el margen izquierdo indican
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20 instrucciones para que usted trate de usar un comando. Por ejemplo:
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33 [Mitad de página en blanco para propósitos didácticos. El texto
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34 continúa abajo]
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47 >> Ahora teclee C-v (ver la próxima pantalla) para desplazarse a la
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48 siguiente pantalla (hágalo manteniendo la tecla control
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49 oprimida mientras teclea v). Desde ahora debería hacer esto
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50 cada vez que termine de leer la pantalla.
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51
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52 Note que se superponen dos líneas cuando se mueve de pantalla en
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53 pantalla; esto provee una continuidad para que pueda seguir leyendo el
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54 texto.
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55
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56 Lo primero que necesita saber es como moverse de un lugar a otro en el
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57 texto. Ya sabe como avanzar una pantalla, con C-v. Para retroceder
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58 una pantalla teclee M-v (mantenga oprimida la tecla META y teclee v, o
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59 teclee <ESC>v si no tiene las teclas META, EDIT o ALT).
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61 >> Intente teclear M-v y luego C-v, varias veces.
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62
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63
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64 * RESUMEN
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65 ---------
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66
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67 Los siguientes comandos son útiles para ver pantallas completas:
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68
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69 C-v Avanzar una pantalla completa
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70 M-v Retroceder una pantalla completa
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71 C-l Limpiar la pantalla y mostrar todo el texto de nuevo,
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72 moviendo el texto alrededor del cursor al centro de la
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73 pantalla (Esto es CONTROL-L, no CONTROL-1.)
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74
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75 >> Encuentre el cursor, y fíjese qué texto hay cerca de éste.
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76 Luego teclee C-l.
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77 Encuentre el cursor otra vez y note que el mismo texto está cerca
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78 del cursor ahora.
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79
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80 Si su terminal las soporta, también puede usar las teclas AvPág o
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81 RegPág para moverse por pantallas completas, pero puede editar más
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82 eficientemente si usa C-v y M-v.
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83
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84 * MOVIMIENTO BÁSICO DE CURSOR
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85 -----------------------------
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86
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87 Es útil moverse de una pantalla completa a otra pero, ¿cómo moverse a
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88 un lugar específico dentro del texto en la pantalla?
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89
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90 Puede hacerlo de diversas formas. Puede usar las teclas de flechas,
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91 pero es mas eficiente mantener las manos en la posición estándar y
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92 usar los comandos C-p, C-b, C-f, y C-n. Estos caracteres son
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93 equivalentes a las cuatro teclas de flechas, de esta manera:
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94
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95 Línea anterior, C-P
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96 :
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97 :
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98 Atrás, C-b.... Posición actual del cursor .... Adelante, C-f
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99 :
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100 :
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101 Línea siguiente, C-n
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102
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103 >> Mueva el cursor a la línea en la mitad del diagrama
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104 usando C-n o C-p. Luego teclee C-l para ver el
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105 diagrama completo centrado en la pantalla.
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106
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107 Le resultará fácil recordar estas letras por las palabras que
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108 representan: P de Previous (anterior), N de Next (siguiente), B de
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109 Backward (atrás) y F de Forward (adelante). Estará usando estos
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110 comandos de posicionamiento básico del cursor todo el tiempo.
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111
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112 >> Teclee algunos C-n para traer el cursor a esta línea.
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113
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114 >> Muévase a la línea con C-f y hacia arriba con algunos C-p. Observe
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115 lo que hace C-p cuando el cursor está en medio de la línea.
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117 Cada línea de texto termina con un carácter de nueva línea (Newline),
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118 que sirve para separarla de la línea siguiente. La última línea de su
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119 archivo debe de tener un carácter de nueva línea al final (pero Emacs
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120 no requiere que ésta lo tenga).
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122 >> Intente usar C-b al comienzo de una línea. Debería moverse al
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123 final de la línea previa. Esto sucede porque retrocede a través
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124 del carácter de nueva línea.
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126 C-f puede moverse a través de una nueva línea igual que C-b.
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128 >> Teclee algunos C-b más para que sienta por donde se encuentra el
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129 cursor.
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130 Luego teclee C-f para regresar al final de la línea.
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131 Luego teclee otro C-f más para moverse a la línea siguiente.
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133 Cuando pase el tope o el final de la pantalla, se mostrará el texto
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134 más allá del borde de la pantalla. Esto recibe el nombre de
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135 "desplazamiento". Esto le permite a Emacs mover el cursor al lugar
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136 especificado en el texto sin moverlo fuera de la pantalla.
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137
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138 >> Intente mover el cursor fuera del borde de la pantalla con C-n, y
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139 observe lo que sucede.
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140
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141 Si moverse por caracteres es muy lento, puede moverse por palabras.
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142 M-f (META-f) mueve adelante una palabra y M-b mueva atrás una palabra.
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143
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144 >> Teclee algunos M-f y M-b
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146 Cuando está en la mitad de una palabra, M-f mueve al final de la
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147 palabra. Cuando está en un espacio entre dos palabras, M-f mueve al
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148 final de la siguiente palabra. M-b trabaja de la misma forma en la
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149 dirección opuesta.
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150
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151 >> Teclee algunos M-f y M-b, intercaladas con C-f y C-b de tal forma
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152 que observe la acción de M-f y M-b desde varios sitios dentro y
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153 entre palabras.
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154
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155 Note el paralelo entre C-f y C-b de un lado y M-f y M-b del otro. Muy
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156 frecuentemente los caracteres Meta se usan para operaciones
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157 relacionadas, con las unidades definidas por el lenguaje (palabras,
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158 oraciones y párrafos), mientras los caracteres Control operan sobre
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159 unidades básicas que son independientes de lo que está editando
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160 (caracteres, líneas, etc).
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161
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162 Este paralelo se aplica entre líneas y oraciones: C-a y C-e para
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163 moverse al comienzo o al final de la línea; y M-a y M-e para mover al
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164 comienzo o al final de una oración.
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166 >> Intente algunos C-a, y después unos cuantos C-e.
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167 >> Intente algunos M-a, y después unos cuantos M-e.
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168
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169 Vea cómo la repetición de C-a no hace nada, pero la repetición de M-a
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170 sigue moviendo una oración más. Aunque no son muy análogas, cada una
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171 parece natural.
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172
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173 La ubicación del cursor en el texto se llama también "punto". En
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174 otras palabras, el cursor muestra sobre la pantalla donde está
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175 situado el punto dentro del texto.
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176
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177 Aquí hay un resumen de operaciones simples de movimiento del cursor,
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178 incluyendo los comandos de movimiento por palabra y oración:
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179
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180 C-f Avanzar un carácter
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181 C-d Retroceder un carácter
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182
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183 M-f Avanzar una palabra
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184 M-b Retroceder una palabra
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185
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186 C-n Avanzar a la línea siguiente
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187 C-p Retroceder a la línea anterior
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188
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189 C-a Retroceder al comienzo de la línea
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190 C-e Avanzar al final de la línea
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191
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192 M-a Retroceder al comienzo de la oración
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193 M-e Avanzar al final de la oración
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194
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195 >> Ahora pruebe todos estos comandos algunas veces para practicar.
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196 Estos comandos son los más frecuentemente usados.
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197
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198 Otros dos comandos importantes de movimiento del cursor son M-< (META
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199 Menor que), el cual se mueve al comienzo del texto entero, y M-> (META
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200 Mayor que), el cual se mueve al final del texto entero.
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201
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202 En la mayoría de las terminales, el "<" está sobre la coma, por lo
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203 tanto tiene que usar la tecla shift para teclearlo. En estas
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204 terminales tendrá que usar la tecla shift también al teclear M-<; sin
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205 la tecla shift, usted estaría escribiendo M-coma.
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206
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207 >> Ahora pruebe M-<, para moverse al comienzo del tutorial.
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208 Después use C-v repetidamente para regresar aquí.
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209
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210 >> Ahora pruebe M->, para moverse al final del tutorial.
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211 Después use M-v repetidamente para regresar aquí.
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212
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213 También puede mover el cursor con las teclas de flecha si su terminal
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214 dispone de ellas. Recomendamos aprender C-b, C-f, C-n y C-p por tres
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215 razones. Primero, funcionan en todo tipo de terminales. Segundo, una
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216 vez que gane práctica usando Emacs, encontrará que teclear estos
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217 caracteres Control es más rápido que usar teclas de flecha (porque no
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218 tendrá que mover las manos de la posición para mecanografiar).
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219 Tercero, una vez tenga el hábito de usar estos comandos Control,
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220 también puede aprender a usar otros comandos avanzados de movimiento
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221 del cursor fácilmente.
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222
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223 La mayoría de comandos de Emacs aceptan un argumento numérico; para la
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224 mayoría de comandos esto sirve como un factor de repetición. La
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225 manera de pasarle un factor de repetición a un comando es tecleando
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226 C-u y luego los dígitos antes de introducir los comandos. Si tiene
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227 una tecla META (o EDIT o ALT), hay una manera alternativa para
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228 ingresar un argumento numérico: teclear los dígitos mientras presiona
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229 la tecla META. Recomendamos aprender el método C-u porque este
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230 funciona en cualquier terminal. El argumento numérico es también
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231 llamado un "argumento prefijo", porque usted teclea el argumento antes
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232 del comando al que se aplica.
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233
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234 Por ejemplo, C-u 8 C-f mueve hacia adelante ocho caracteres.
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235
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236 >> Pruebe usar C-n o C-p con un argumento numérico, para mover el
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237 cursor a una línea cercana a ésta con un solo comando.
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238
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239 La mayoría de comandos usan el argumento numérico como un factor de
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240 repetición, pero algunos comandos le dan otros usos. Varios comandos
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241 (pero ninguno de los que ha aprendido hasta ahora) lo usan como una
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242 bandera: la presencia de un argumento prefijo, sin tener en cuenta su
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243 valor, hace que el comando actúe de forma diferente.
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244
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245 C-v y M-v son otro tipo de excepción. Cuando se les da un argumento,
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246 desplazan la pantalla arriba o abajo esa cantidad de líneas, en vez de
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247 una pantalla completa. Por ejemplo, C-u 8 C-v desplaza la pantalla 8
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248 líneas.
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249
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250 >> Pruebe tecleando C-u 8 C-v ahora.
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251
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252 Esto debió haber desplazado la pantalla hacia arriba 8 líneas. Si
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253 quisiera desplazarla hacia abajo de nuevo, puede dar un argumento a
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254 M-v.
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255
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256 Si está usando un sistema de ventanas, como X11 o MS-Windows, debe
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257 haber una larga área rectangular llamada una barra de desplazamiento
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258 en el lado izquierdo de la ventana de Emacs. Puede desplazar el texto
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259 al oprimir el botón del ratón en la barra de desplazamiento.
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260
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261 >> Pruebe presionando el botón del medio en la parte superior del área
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262 resaltada en la barra de desplazamiento. Éste debe desplazar el
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263 texto a una posición determinada según cuan alto o bajo oprima el
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264 botón.
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265
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266 >> Intente mover el ratón arriba y abajo, mientras mantiene el botón
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267 del medio presionado. Verá que el texto se desplaza arriba y abajo
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268 a medida que mueve el ratón.
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269
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270
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271
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272 * CUANDO EMACS ESTÁ BLOQUEADO
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273 -----------------------------
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274
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275 Si Emacs dejara de responder a sus comandos, puede detenerlo con
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276 seguridad al teclear C-g. Puede usar C-g para detener un comando que
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277 esté tomando mucho tiempo para ejecutarse.
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278
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279 También puede usar C-g para descartar un argumento numérico o el
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280 comienzo de un comando que no quiere finalizar.
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281
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282 >> Escriba C-u 100 para hacer un argumento numérico de 100, entonces
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283 pruebe C-g.
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284 Ahora pruebe C-f. Esto deberá mover sólo un carácter, ya que
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285 canceló el argumento con C-g.
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286
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287 Si ha tecleado <ESC> por error, puede desecharlo con un C-g.
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288
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289
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290 * COMANDOS DESACTIVADOS
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291 -----------------------
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292
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293 Algunos comandos de Emacs están "desactivados" de manera que los
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294 usuarios principiantes no puedan usarlos accidentalmente.
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295
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296 Si teclea uno de los comandos desactivados, Emacs muestra un mensaje
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297 informando acerca de qué comando era, y preguntándole si quiere
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298 continuar y ejecutar el comando.
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299
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300 Si realmente quiere intentar el comando, teclee Espacio como repuesta
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301 a la pregunta. Normalmente, si no quiere ejecutar el comando
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302 desactivado, conteste la pregunta con "n".
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303
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304 >> Escriba C-x C-l (que es un comando desactivado), a continuación
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305 escriba n para responder la pregunta.
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306
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307
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308 * VENTANAS
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309 ----------
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310
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311 Emacs puede tener varias ventanas, cada una mostrando su propio texto.
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312 Explicaremos después como usar múltiples ventanas. Ahora mismo
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313 queremos explicar cómo deshacerse de ventanas adicionales y volver a
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314 la edición básica en una ventana. Es sencillo:
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315
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316 C-x 1 Una ventana (p.ej., elimina todas las otras ventanas).
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317
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318 Esto es CONTROL-x seguido por el dígito 1. C-x 1 expande la ventana que
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319 contiene el cursor, para ocupar toda la pantalla. Esto borra todas las
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320 demás ventanas.
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321
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322 >> Mueva el cursor a esta línea y escriba C-u 0 C-l.
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323 >> Escriba Control-h k Control-f.
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324 Vea como esta ventana se encoge, mientras una nueva aparece y
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325 muestra documentación sobre el comando Control-f.
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326
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327 >> Escriba C-x 1 y vea que la ventana de listado de documentación
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328 desaparece.
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329
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330 Este comando es diferente a los otros que ha aprendido en que éste
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331 consiste de dos caracteres. Comienza con el carácter CONTROL-x. Hay
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332 toda una serie de comandos que comienzan con CONTROL-x; muchos de
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333 ellos tienen que ver con ventanas, archivos, buffers y cosas
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334 relacionadas. Estos comandos son de una longitud de dos, tres o
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335 cuatro caracteres.
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336
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337
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338 * INSERTAR Y BORRAR
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339 -------------------
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340
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341 Si quiere insertar un texto, basta con que lo teclee. Emacs
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342 interpreta los caracteres que usted puede ver, tales como A, 7, *,
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343 etc. como texto y los inserta inmediatamente. Teclee <Return> (la
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344 tecla Enter) para insertar un carácter de nueva línea.
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345
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346 Puede borrar el último carácter que escribió oprimiendo <Delback>.
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347 <Delback> es una tecla en el teclado--la misma que normalmente usa
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348 fuera de emacs para borrar el último carácter que escribió.
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349 Normalmente es una tecla una o dos filas arriba de la tecla <Return>,
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350 y que esta usualmente rotulada como "Backspace", "Del" o simplemente
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351 con una flecha en dirección izquierda que no es parte de las teclas de
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352 flecha.
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353
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354 Si la tecla larga esta rotulada "Backspace", entonces esa es la que
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355 debe de usar para <Delback>. Puede haber otra tecla llamada "Del" en
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356 otra parte, pero esa no es <Delback>.
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357
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358 Generalmente, <Delback> borra el carácter inmediatamente anterior a la
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359 posición actual del cursor.
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360
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361 >> Haga esto ahora: teclee unos pocos caracteres, después bórrelos
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362 tecleando <Delback> varias veces. No se preocupe si este archivo
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363 cambia, no alterará el tutorial principal. Ésta es su copia
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364 personal de él.
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365
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366 Cuando una línea de texto se hace muy grande para una sola línea en la
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367 pantalla, la línea de texto "continúa" en una segunda línea en la
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368 pantalla. Un backslash ("\") (o, si está usando un sistema de
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369 ventanas, una pequeña flecha curva) en el margen derecho indica que la
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370 línea "continúa".
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371
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372 >> Inserte texto hasta que llegue al margen derecho, y siga
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373 insertando. Verá aparecer una línea de continuación.
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374
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375 >> Use <Delback> para borrar el texto hasta que la línea de nuevo
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376 quepa en la pantalla. La línea de continuación se pierde.
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377
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378 Puede borrar un carácter de nueva línea como cualquier otro carácter.
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379 Al borrar el carácter de nueva línea entre dos líneas las junta en una
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380 sola línea. Si el resultado de la combinación de líneas es demasiado
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381 largo para caber en el ancho de la pantalla, se mostrará con una línea
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382 de continuación.
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383
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384 >> Mueva el cursor al comienzo de una línea y teclee <Delback>. Esto
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385 juntará esa línea con la línea anterior.
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386
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387 >> Teclee <Return> para reinsertar la nueva línea que borró.
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388
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389 Recuerde que a la mayoría de los comandos de Emacs se les puede dar un
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390 factor de repetición; esto incluye los caracteres de texto. Repetir
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391 un carácter de texto lo inserta varias veces.
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392
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393 >> Inténtelo ahora: teclee C-u 8 * para insertar ********.
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394
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395 Ya ha aprendido la manera más básica de teclear algo en Emacs y
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396 corregir errores. Puede borrar por palabras o por líneas. He aquí un
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397 resumen de las operaciones de borrado:
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398
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399 <Delback> borra el carácter justo antes que el cursor
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400 C-d borra el siguiente carácter después del cursor
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401
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402 M-<Delback> Elimina la palabra inmediatamente antes del
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403 cursor
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404 M-d Elimina la siguiente palabra después del cursor
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405
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406 C-k Elimina desde el cursor hasta el fin de la línea
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407 M-k Elimina hasta el final de la oración actual
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408
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409 Note que <Delback> y C-d, comparados con M-<Delback> y M-d, extienden
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410 el paralelismo iniciado por C-f y M-f (bien, <Delback> no es realmente
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411 una tecla de control, pero no nos preocuparemos de eso ahora). C-k y
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412 M-k, en ciertas forma, son como C-e y M-e, en que las líneas son
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413 oraciones opuestas.
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414
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415 También puede eliminar cualquier parte del buffer con un método
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416 uniforme. Muévase a un extremo de esa parte, y teclee C-@ o C-SPC
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417 (cualquiera de los dos). (SPC es la barra espaciadora.) Muévase al
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418 otro extremo de esa parte, y teclee C-w. Eso elimina todo el texto
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419 entre las dos posiciones.
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420
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421 >> Mueva el cursor a la letra T del inicio del párrafo anterior.
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422 >> Teclee C-SPC. Emacs debe mostrar el mensaje "Mark set" en la parte
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423 de abajo de la pantalla.
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424 >> Mueva el cursor a la x en "extremo", en la segunda línea del
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425 párrafo.
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426 >> Teclee C-w. Esto eliminará el texto que comienza desde la T, y
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427 termina justo antes de la x.
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428
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429 La diferencia entre "eliminar" y "borrar" es que el texto "eliminado"
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430 puede ser reinsertado, mientras que las cosas "borradas" no pueden ser
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431 reinsertadas. La reinserción de texto eliminado se llama "yanking" o
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432 "pegar". Generalmente, los comandos que pueden quitar mucho texto lo
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433 eliminan, mientras que los comandos que quitan solo un carácter, o
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434 solo lineas en blanco y espacios, borran (para que no pueda pegar ese
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435 texto).
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436
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437 >> Mueva el cursor al comienzo de una línea que no esté vacía.
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438 Luego teclee C-k para eliminar el texto de esa línea.
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439 >> Teclee C-k por segunda vez. Verá que elimina la nueva línea que
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440 sigue a esa línea.
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441
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442 Note que al teclear C-k una sola vez elimina el contenido de la línea,
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443 y un segundo C-k elimina la línea misma, y hace que todas las otras
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444 líneas se muevan hacia arriba. C-k trata un argumento numérico
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445 especialmente: Elimina ese número de líneas y TAMBIÉN sus
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446 contenidos. Esto no es una simple repetición. C-u 2 C-k elimina dos
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447 líneas y sus nuevas líneas, tecleando C-k dos veces no hace esto.
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448
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449 Traer texto eliminado de regreso es llamado "yanking" o "pegar".
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450 (Piense en ello como pegar de nuevo, o traer de vuelta, algún texto
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451 que le fue quitado.) Puede pegar el texto eliminado en, ya sea el
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
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452 lugar en que fue eliminado, o en otra parte del buffer, o hasta en un
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
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453 archivo diferente. Puede pegar el texto varias veces, lo que hace
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
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454 varias copias de él.
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455
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456 El comando para pegar es C-y. Reinserta el último texto eliminado, en
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
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457 la posición actual del cursor.
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458
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459 >> Inténtelo; teclee C-y para pegar de nuevo el texto.
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460
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461 Si hace varios C-k seguidos, todo el texto eliminado se guarda junto,
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
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462 de manera que un C-y pegará todas las líneas al mismo tiempo.
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463
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464 >> Haga esto ahora, teclee C-k varias veces.
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465
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466 Ahora para recuperar ese texto eliminado:
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467
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468 >> Teclee C-y. Luego baje el cursor unas pocas líneas y teclee C-y de
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
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469 nuevo. De esta forma puede copiar un texto.
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470
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471 ¿Qué hacer si tiene algún texto que quiere pegar, y entonces elimina
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
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472 otra cosa? C-y pegaría la eliminación más reciente. Pero el texto
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
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473 previo no está perdido. Puede regresar a éste usando el comando M-y.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
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474 Después de haber tecleado C-y para conseguir la eliminación más
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
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475 reciente, tecleando M-y reemplaza el texto pegado con la eliminación
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
476 previa. Tecleando M-y una y otra vez traerá las eliminaciones
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
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477 anteriores. Cuando haya encontrado el texto que buscaba, no tiene que
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
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478 hacer nada para conservarlo. Sólo siga con su edición, dejando el
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
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479 texto pegado en donde está.
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480
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
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481 Si teclea M-y suficientes veces, regresa al punto inicial (la
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
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482 eliminación más reciente).
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483
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484 >> Elimine una línea, muévase un poco, elimine otra línea.
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
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485 Luego teclee C-y para recuperar la segunda línea eliminada.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
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486 Luego teclee M-y y será reemplazado por la primera línea eliminada.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
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487 Teclee más veces M-y y vea lo que obtiene. Siga haciéndolo hasta
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
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488 que la segunda línea eliminada regrese, y entonces unas pocas
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
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489 más. Si quiere, puede tratar de darle a M-y argumentos positivos y
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
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490 negativos.
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491
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492
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493 * DESHACER
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494 ----------
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495
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496 Si hace un cambio al texto, y luego decide que fue un error,
48502
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
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497 puede deshacer el cambio con el comando deshacer, C-x u.
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498
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499 Normalmente, C-x u deshace los cambios hechos por un comando; si repite
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
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500 varias veces seguidas C-x u, cada repetición deshará un comando
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501 adicional.
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502
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
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503 Pero hay dos excepciones: los comandos que no cambian el texto no
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
504 cuentan (esto incluye los comandos de movimiento del cursor y el
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
505 comando de desplazamiento), y los caracteres de autoinserción se
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
506 manejan usualmente en grupos de hasta 20. (Esto es para reducir el
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
507 numero de C-x u que tenga que teclear para deshacer una inserción en
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
508 el texto.)
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
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509
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
510 >> Elimine esta línea con C-k, después teclee C-x u y debería
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
511 reaparecer.
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512
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
513 C-_ es un comando alternativo para deshacer; funciona igual que C-x u,
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
514 pero es más fácil de teclear varias veces seguidas. La desventaja de
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
515 C-_ es que en algunos teclados no es obvio cómo se teclea. Por esto
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
516 existe también C-x u. En algunas terminales, puede teclear C-_ al
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
517 teclear / mientras oprime CONTROL.
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diff changeset
518
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parents: 46563
diff changeset
519 Un argumento numérico para C-_ o C-x u actúa como un factor de
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
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520 repetición.
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521
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
522 Uuede deshacer un texto borrado justo como puede deshacer el texto
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
523 eliminado. La distinción entre eliminar algo y borrar algo afecta en
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
524 si puede pegarlo con C-y; no hay diferencia alguna para deshacer.
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525
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526
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527 * ARCHIVOS
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528 ----------
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529
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
530 Para que pueda hacer permanente el texto que edite, lo debe colocar en
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
531 un archivo. De otra manera, éste se perderá cuando cierre Emacs.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
532 Para poder poner su texto en un archivo, debe "encontrar" el archivo
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
533 antes de ingresar el texto. (Esto se llama también "visitar" el
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
534 archivo.)
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535
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c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
536 Encontrar un archivo significa que puede ver su contenido dentro de
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
537 Emacs. En cierta forma, es como si estuviera editando el archivo
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
538 mismo. Sin embargo los cambios que haga mediante Emacs no serán
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
539 permanentes hasta que "guarde" el archivo. Esto es para evitar dejar
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
540 un archivo a medio cambiar en el sistema cuando no quiera. Incluso
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
541 cuando guarde, Emacs dejará el archivo original bajo un nombre
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
542 cambiado en caso de que luego decida que sus cambios fueron un error.
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543
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parents: 46563
diff changeset
544 Si mira cerca del final de la pantalla podrá ver una línea que
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
545 comienza y termina con guiones, y comienza con "--:-- TUTORIAL.es" o
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
546 algo así. Esta parte de la pantalla normalmente muestra el nombre del
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
547 archivo que está visitando. En este momento está visitando un archivo
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
548 llamado "TUTORIAL.es" que es su borrador personal del tutorial de
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
549 Emacs. Cuando encuentre un archivo con Emacs, el nombre de ese
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
550 archivo aparecerá en ese mismo punto.
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551
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
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diff changeset
552 Una cosa especial acerca del comando para encontrar un archivo, es que
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
553 tendrá que decir que nombre de archivo desea. Decimos que el comando
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
554 "lee un argumento desde la terminal" (en este caso, el argumento es el
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
555 nombre del archivo). Después de teclear el comando:
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556
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557 C-x C-f Encontrar un archivo
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diff changeset
558
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
559 Emacs le pide que teclee el nombre del archivo. El nombre de archivo
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
560 que teclee aparece en la línea final de la pantalla. A la línea final
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
561 de la pantalla se la denomina minibuffer cuando se utiliza para este
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
562 tipo de entradas. Puede usar comandos de edición ordinarios de Emacs
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
563 para editar el nombre del archivo.
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564
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
565 Mientras está ingresando el nombre del archivo (o cualquier otra
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
566 entrada al minibuffer) puede cancelar el comando con C-g.
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567
48502
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
568 >> Teclee C-x C-f, luego teclee C-g. Esto cancela el minibuffer, y
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
569 también cancela el comando C-x C-f que estaba usando el minibuffer.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
570 Así que no encontrará archivo alguno.
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571
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
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572 Cuando haya finalizado de ingresar el nombre del archivo, teclee
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
573 <Return> para terminarlo. Entonces el comando C-x C-f trabaja, y
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
574 encuentra el archivo que escogió. El minibuffer desaparece cuando el
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
575 comando C-x C-f termina.
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576
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
577 Poco tiempo después aparecerá el contenido del archivo en la pantalla,
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
578 y puede editarlo. Cuando quiera que sus cambios sean permanentes,
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
579 teclee el comando
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580
48502
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
581 C-x C-s Guardar el archivo
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582
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
583 Esto copia el texto dentro de Emacs al archivo. La primera vez que
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
584 haga esto, Emacs renombrará el archivo original con un nuevo nombre
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
585 para que este no se pierda. El nuevo nombre se hace agregando "~" al
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
586 final del nombre del archivo original.
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587
48502
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
588 Cuando guardar haya terminado, Emacs mostrará el nombre del archivo
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
589 escrito. Deberá guardar frecuentemente, para que no pierda mucho
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
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590 trabajo si el sistema falla.
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591
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
592 >> Teclee C-x C-s, guardando la copia del tutorial.
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
593 Esto debería mostrar "Wrote ...TUTORIAL.es" al final de la
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
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594 pantalla.
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595
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
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596 NOTA: En algunos sistemas, teclear C-x C-s dejará inmóvil la pantalla
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
597 y no podrá ver más respuesta de Emacs. Esto indica que una
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
598 "característica" del sistema operativo llamada "control de flujo" está
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
599 interceptando el C-s y no permitiéndole llegar hasta Emacs. Para
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
600 descongelar la pantalla, teclee C-q. Luego consulte la sección
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
601 "Entrada Espontánea para Búsqueda Incremental" en el manual de Emacs
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
602 para consejos de cómo tratar con esta "característica".
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603
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
604 Puede encontrar un archivo existente, para verlo o editarlo. También
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
605 puede hacerlo con un archivo que no exista. Ésta es la forma de crear
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
606 un archivo en Emacs: encuentre el archivo, que comenzará vacío, luego
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
607 comience a insertar el texto para ese archivo. Cuando invoque
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
608 "guardar" el archivo, Emacs creará realmente el archivo con el texto
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
609 que ha insertado. De ahí en adelante, puede considerarse estar
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
610 editando un archivo existente.
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611
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612
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613 * BUFFERS
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614 ---------
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615
48502
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
616 Si visita un segundo archivo con C-x C-f, el primer archivo permanece
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
617 dentro de Emacs. Puede volver a el encontrándolo de nuevo con C-x
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
618 C-f. De esta forma puede mantener un gran número de archivos dentro
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
619 de Emacs.
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620
48502
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parents: 46563
diff changeset
621 >> Cree un archivo llamado "foo" tecleando C-x C-f foo <Return>.
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
622 Luego inserte algún texto, edítelo, y guarde "foo" tecleando C-x
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
623 C-s.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
624 Finalmente teclee C-x C-f TUTORIAL.es <Return>
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
625 para regresar al tutorial.
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626
48502
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parents: 46563
diff changeset
627 Emacs almacena cada texto del archivo dentro de un objeto llamado
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
628 "buffer". Al encontrar un archivo se crea un nuevo buffer dentro de
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
629 Emacs. Para mirar la lista de los buffers que existen actualmente en
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
630 su sesión de Emacs, teclee:
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631
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632 C-x C-b Lista de Buffers
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633
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parents: 46563
diff changeset
634 >> Pruebe C-x C-b ahora.
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
635
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
636 Vea como cada buffer tiene un nombre, y además puede tener un nombre
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
637 de archivo para el archivo que contiene. CUALQUIER texto que vea en
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
638 una ventana de Emacs es siempre parte de algún Buffer.
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
639
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
640 >> Teclee C-x 1 para deshacerse de la lista de buffers.
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641
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diff changeset
642 Cuando tenga varios buffers, solo uno de ellos es "actual" en algún
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
643 momento. Ese buffer es el que actualmente edita. Si quiere editar
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
644 otro buffer, necesita "cambiar" a él. Si quiere cambiar a un buffer
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
645 que corresponde a un archivo, puede hacerlo visitando el archivo de
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
646 nuevo con C-x C-f. Pero existe una manera más rápida: use el comando
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
647 C-x b. En ese comando, necesita teclear el nombre de buffer.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
648
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
649 >> Teclee C-x b foo <Return> para volver al buffer "foo" que contiene
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
650 el texto del archivo "foo". Después teclee C-x b TUTORIAL.es
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
651 <Return> para regresar a este tutorial.
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652
48502
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
653 La mayoría del tiempo el nombre del buffer es el mismo que el nombre
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
654 del archivo (sin la parte del directorio del archivo). Sin embargo,
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
655 esto no es así siempre. La lista de buffers que hace con C-x C-b
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
656 siempre muestra el nombre de todos los buffers.
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657
48502
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
658 CUALQUIER texto que vea en una ventana de Emacs siempre es parte de un
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
659 buffer. Algunos buffers no corresponden a un archivo. Por ejemplo,
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
660 el buffer llamado "*Buffer List*" no tiene ningún archivo. Es el
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
661 buffer que contiene la lista de buffers que ha creado con C-x C-b. El
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
662 buffer llamado "*Messages*" tampoco tiene un archivo correspondiente;
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
663 contiene los mensajes que han aparecido en la línea de abajo durante
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
664 su sesión de Emacs.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
665
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
666 >> Teclee C-x b *Messages* <Return> para ver el buffer de mensajes.
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
667 Luego teclee C-b TUTORIAL <Return> para regresar a este tutorial.
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
668
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
669 Si hace cambios al texto de un archivo, y luego encuentra otro
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
670 archivo, esto no guarda el primer archivo. Sus cambios permanecerán
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
671 dentro de Emacs en ese buffer del archivo. La creación o edición del
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
672 segundo buffer de archivo no afecta al primero. Esto es muy útil,
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
673 pero también significa que necesita una forma conveniente para guardar
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
674 el archivo del primer buffer. Sería una molestia tener que volver a
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
675 este con C-x C-f para guardarlo con C-x C-s. Así tenemos
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
676
35127
501e704b34bc *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
677 C-x s Guardar algunos buffers
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
678
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
679 C-x s le pregunta sobre cada buffer que contenga cambios que no haya
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
680 guardada. Le pregunta, por cada buffer, si quiere guardarlo o no.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
681
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
682 >> Inserte una línea de texto, luego teclee C-x s.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
683 Debería preguntarle si desea guardar el buffer llamado TUTORIAL.es.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
684 Conteste si a la pregunta tecleando "y".
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
685
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
686
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
687 * EXTENDER EL CONJUNTO DE COMANDOS
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
688 ----------------------------------
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
689
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
690 Hay muchísimos más comandos de Emacs que los que podrían asignarse a
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
691 todos los caracteres control y meta. Emacs puede darle la vuelta a
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
692 esto usando el comando X (eXtendido). Este viene de dos formas:
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
693
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
694 C-x Carácter eXtendido. Seguido por un carácter.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
695 M-x Comando eXtendido por nombre. Seguido por un nombre
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
696 largo.
35127
501e704b34bc *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
697
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
698 Estos comandos son generalmente útiles pero menos usados que los
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
699 comandos que ha aprendido hasta ahora. Ya ha visto dos: los comandos
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
700 de archivo C-x C-f para Encontrar y C-x C-s para Guardar. Otro
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
701 ejemplo es el comando para terminar la sesión de Emacs: se trata del
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
702 comando C-x C-c. (No se preocupe por perder los cambios que haya
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
703 hecho; C-x C-c ofrece guardar cada archivo alterado antes de finalizar
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
704 Emacs.)
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
705
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
706 C-z es el comando para salir de Emacs *temporalmente*: para que pueda
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
707 regresar a la misma sesión de Emacs después.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
708
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
709 En sistemas que lo permiten C-z "suspende" Emacs; esto es, se regresa
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
710 al intérprete de comandos pero no se destruye Emacs. En los
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
711 intérpretes de comandos más comunes, puede reanudar Emacs con el
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
712 comando `fg' o con `%emacs'.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
713
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
714 En sistemas que no implementen el suspendido, C-z crea un
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
715 subintérprete que corre bajo Emacs para darle la opción de correr
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
716 otros programas y regresar a Emacs después; esto en realidad no "sale"
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
717 de Emacs. En este caso, el comando `exit' del intérprete es la vía
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
718 usual para regresar a Emacs desde éste.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
719
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
720 El momento para usar C-x C-c es cuando está listo para salir del
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
721 sistema. Es además el paso correcto para salir de un Emacs llamado
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
722 bajo programas de manejo de correo y diversas otras utilidades, puesto
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
723 que ellos no saben cómo lidiar con la suspensión de Emacs. En
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
724 circunstancias normales, si no va a salir, es mejor suspender
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
725 Emacs con C-z en lugar de salir de él.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
726
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
727 Existen varios comandos C-x. Aquí hay una lista de los que ha
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
728 aprendido:
35127
501e704b34bc *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
729
501e704b34bc *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
730 C-x C-f Encontrar archivo.
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
731 C-x C-s Guardar archivo.
35127
501e704b34bc *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
732 C-x C-b Lista de buffers.
501e704b34bc *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
733 C-x C-c Salir de Emacs.
501e704b34bc *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
734 C-x 1 Borrar todo menos una ventana.
501e704b34bc *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
735 C-x u Deshacer.
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
736
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
737 Los comandos eXtendidos por nombre son comandos que se utilizan aún
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
738 con menos frecuencia, o únicamente en ciertos modos. Un ejemplo es el
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
739 comando replace-string, el cual globalmente substituye una cadena de
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
740 caracteres por otra. Cuando teclea M-x, Emacs le pregunta al
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
741 final de la pantalla con M-x y debe escribir el nombre del
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
742 comando; en este caso "replace-string". Solo teclee "repl s<TAB>" y
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
743 Emacs completará el nombre. Finalice el nombre del comando con
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
744 <Return>.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
745
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
746 El comando replace-string requiere dos argumentos: la cadena de
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
747 caracteres a reemplazar, y la cadena de caracteres para reemplazarla.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
748 Debe terminar cada argumento con <Return>.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
749
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
750 >> Mueva el cursor hacia la línea en blanco dos líneas abajo de esta.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
751 A continuación escriba
35127
501e704b34bc *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
752 M-x repl s<Return>cambiado<Return>alterado<Return>.
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
753
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
754 Note cómo esta línea ha cambiado: ha substituido la palabra
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
755 c-a-m-b-i-a-d-o por "alterado" en cada ocurrencia, después de la
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
756 posición inicial del cursor.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
757
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
758
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
759 * AUTO GUARDADO
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
760 ---------------
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
761
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
762 Si ha hecho cambios en un archivo, pero no los ha guardado, éstos
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
763 podrían perderse si su computadora falla. Para protegerlo de esto,
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
764 Emacs periódicamente escribe un archivo "auto guardado" para cada
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
765 archivo que está editando. El nombre del archivo auto guardado tiene
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
766 un # al principio y al final; por ejemplo, si su archivo se llama
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
767 "hola.c", su archivo auto guardado es "#hola.c#". Cuando guarda por
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
768 la vía normal, Emacs borra su archivo de auto guardado.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
769
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
770 Si la computadora falla, puede recuperar su edición de auto
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
771 guardado encontrando el archivo normal (el archivo que estuvo
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
772 editando, no el archivo de auto guardar) y entonces tecleando M-x
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
773 recover file<Return>. Cuando le pregunte por la confirmación, teclee
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
774 yes<Return> para ir y recuperar la información del auto guardado.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
775
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
776
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
777 * ÁREA DE ECO
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
778 -------------
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
779
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
780 Si Emacs ve que usted está tecleando comandos de multicaracteres
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
781 lentamente, se los muestra al final de la pantalla en un área llamada
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
782 "área de eco". El área de eco contiene la línea final de la pantalla.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
783
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
784
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parents:
diff changeset
785 * LÍNEA DE MODO
501e704b34bc *** empty log message ***
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parents:
diff changeset
786 ---------------
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
787
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
788 La línea inmediatamente encima del área de eco recibe el nombre de
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
789 "línea de modo" o "mode line". La línea de modo dice algo así:
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
790
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
791 --:** TUTORIAL.es (Fundamental)--l765--65%---------
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
792
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
793 Esta línea da información útil acerca del estado de Emacs y del texto
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
794 que está editando.
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parents:
diff changeset
795
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c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
796 Ya sabe qué significa el nombre del archivo: es el archivo que usted
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
797 ha encontrado. -NN%-- indica su posición actual en el texto; esto
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
798 significa que NN por ciento del texto está encima de la parte superior
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
799 de la pantalla. Si el principio del archivo está en la pantalla, este
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
800 dirá --Top-- en vez de --00%--. Si el final del texto está en la
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
801 pantalla, dirá --Bot--. Si está mirando un texto tan pequeño que cabe
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
802 en la pantalla, el modo de línea dirá --All--.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
803
35127
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parents:
diff changeset
804 La L y los dígitos indican la posición de otra forma: ellos dan el
501e704b34bc *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
805 número de línea actual del punto.
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
806
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
807 Los asteriscos cerca del frente significan que usted ha hecho cambios
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
808 al texto. Inmediatamente después que visite o guarde un archivo, esa
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
809 parte de la línea de modo no muestra asteriscos, solo guiones.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
810
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
811 La parte de la línea de modo dentro de los paréntesis es para
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
812 indicarle en qué modo de edición está. El modo por omisión es
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
813 Fundamental, el cual está usando ahora. Este es un ejemplo de un
35127
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parents:
diff changeset
814 "modo mayor".
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
815
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
816 Emacs tiene diferentes modos mayores. Algunos están hechos para
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
817 editar diferentes lenguajes y/o clases de texto, tales como modo de
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
818 Lisp, modo de Texto, etc. En cualquier momento uno y solo un modo
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
819 mayor está activo, y su nombre siempre se puede encontrar en la línea
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
820 de modo, justo en donde "Fundamental" está ahora.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
821
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
822 Cada modo mayor hace que algunos comandos actúen diferente. Por
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
823 ejemplo, hay comandos para crear comentarios en un programa, y como
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
824 cada lenguaje de programación tiene una idea diferente de cómo debe
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
825 verse un comentario, cada modo mayor tiene que insertar comentarios de
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
826 forma distinta. Cada modo mayor es el nombre de un comando extendido,
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
827 que es como puede cambiar a ese modo. Por ejemplo, M-x
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
828 fundamental-mode es un comando para cambiar al modo fundamental.
35127
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parents:
diff changeset
829
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
830 Si va a editar un texto de algún lenguaje humano, como este archivo,
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
831 debería usar el modo de texto.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
832 >> Teclee M-x text mode<Return>.
35127
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parents:
diff changeset
833
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
834 No se preocupe, ninguno de los comandos de Emacs que ha aprendido
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
835 cambia de manera significativa. Pero puede observar que M-f y M-b
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
836 tratan los apóstrofes como parte de las palabras. Previamente, en
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
837 modo Fundamental, M-f y M-b trataban los apóstrofes como separadores
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
838 de palabras.
35127
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parents:
diff changeset
839
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
840 Los modos mayores normalmente hacen cambios sutiles como el anterior:
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
841 la mayoría de comandos hacen "el mismo trabajo" en cada modo mayor,
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
842 pero funcionan un poco diferente.
35127
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parents:
diff changeset
843
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
844 Para ver documentación en el modo mayor actual, teclee C-h m.
35127
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parents:
diff changeset
845
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
846 >> Use C-u C-v una o más veces para traer esta línea cerca de la
35127
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parents:
diff changeset
847 parte superior de la pantalla.
501e704b34bc *** empty log message ***
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parents:
diff changeset
848
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
849 >> Teclee C-h m, para ver como el modo de Texto difiere del modo
35127
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parents:
diff changeset
850 Fundamental.
501e704b34bc *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
851
501e704b34bc *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
852 >> Teclee C-x 1 para eliminar la documentación de la pantalla.
501e704b34bc *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
853
501e704b34bc *** empty log message ***
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parents:
diff changeset
854 Los modos mayores son llamados así porque también hay modos menores.
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
855 Los modos menores no son alternativas para los modos mayores, solo
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
856 modificaciones menores de éstos. Cada modo menor puede ser activado o
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
857 desactivado por sí mismo, independiente de todos los otros modos
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
858 menores, e independiente de su modo mayor. Por tanto, puede no usar
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
859 modos menores, o solamente uno, o cualquier combinación de varios
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
860 modos menores.
35127
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parents:
diff changeset
861
501e704b34bc *** empty log message ***
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parents:
diff changeset
862 Un modo menor que es muy útil, especialmente para editar textos en
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
863 español, es el modo Auto Fill. Cuando este modo está activado, Emacs
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
864 rompe la línea entre palabras automáticamente siempre que inserte
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
865 texto y la línea sea demasiado ancha.
35127
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parents:
diff changeset
866
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
867 Puede activar el modo Auto Fill al hacer M-x auto fill mode<Return>.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
868 Cuando el modo esté activado, puede desactivarlo nuevamente usando M-x
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
869 auto fill mode<Return>. Si el modo está desactivado, este comando lo
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
870 activa, y si el modo está activado, este comando lo desactiva.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
871 Decimos que el comando "cambia el modo".
35127
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diff changeset
872
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
873 >> teclee M-x auto fill mode<Return> ahora. Luego inserte una línea
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
874 de "asdf " repetidas veces hasta que la vea dividida en dos líneas.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
875 Debe intercalar espacios porque Auto Fill sólo rompe líneas en los
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
876 espacios.
35127
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diff changeset
877
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
878 El margen esta normalmente puesto en 70 caracteres, pero puede
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
879 cambiarlo con el comando C-x f. Debe indicar el margen deseado como
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
880 un argumento numérico.
35127
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parents:
diff changeset
881
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
882 >> Teclee C-x f con un argumento de 20. (C-u 2 0 C-x f). Luego
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
883 teclee algún texto y vea como Emacs lo parte en líneas de 20
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
884 caracteres. A continuación ponga de nuevo el margen a 70 usando
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
885 otra vez C-x f.
35127
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parents:
diff changeset
886
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
887 Si hace cambios en el medio de un párrafo, el modo Auto Fill no lo
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
888 rellenará por usted.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
889 Para rellenar el párrafo, teclee M-q (META-q) con el cursor dentro de
35127
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parents:
diff changeset
890 ese párrafo.
501e704b34bc *** empty log message ***
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parents:
diff changeset
891
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
892 >> Mueva el cursor al párrafo anterior y teclee M-q.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
893
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
894
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
895 * BUSCAR
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
896 --------
35127
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parents:
diff changeset
897
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
898 Emacs puede hacer búsquedas de cadenas (grupos de caracteres o
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
899 palabras contiguos) hacia adelante a través del texto o hacia atrás en
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
900 el mismo. La búsqueda de una cadena es un comando de movimiento de
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
901 cursor; mueve el cursor al próximo lugar donde esa cadena aparece.
35127
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parents:
diff changeset
902
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
903 El comando de búsqueda de Emacs es diferente a los comandos de
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
904 búsqueda de los demás editores, en que es "incremental". Esto
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
905 significa que la búsqueda ocurre mientras teclea la cadena para
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
906 buscarla.
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parents:
diff changeset
907
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
908 El comando para iniciar una búsqueda es C-s para búsqueda hacia
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
909 adelante, y C-r para la búsqueda hacia atrás. ¡PERO ESPERE! No los
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
910 intente aún.
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
911
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
912 Cuando teclee C-s verá que la cadena "I-search" aparece como una
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
913 petición en el área de eco. Esto le indica que Emacs está en lo que
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
914 se conoce como búsqueda incremental, esperando que teclee lo que
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
915 quiere buscar. <Return> termina una búsqueda.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
916
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
917 >> Ahora teclee C-s para comenzar la búsqueda. LENTAMENTE, una letra
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
918 a la vez, teclee la palabra 'cursor', haciendo pausa después de
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
919 cada carácter para notar lo que pasa con el cursor.
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
920 Ahora ha buscado "cursor", una vez.
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
921 >> Teclee C-s de nuevo, para buscar la siguiente ocurrencia de
35127
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
922 "cursor".
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
923 >> Ahora teclee <Delback> cuatro veces y vea como se mueve el cursor.
35127
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
924 >> Teclee <Return> para terminar la búsqueda.
501e704b34bc *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
925
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
926 ¿Vió lo que ocurrió? Emacs, en una búsqueda incremental, trata de ir
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
927 a la ocurrencia de la cadena que ha tecleado hasta el momento. Para
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
928 ir a la próxima ocurrencia de 'cursor' solo teclee C-s de nuevo. Si
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
929 tal ocurrencia no existe, Emacs pita y le dice que la búsqueda actual
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
930 está fallando ("failing"). C-g también termina la búsqueda.
35127
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
931
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
932 NOTA: En algunos sistemas, teclear C-s dejará inmóvil la pantalla y no
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
933 podrá ver más respuesta de Emacs. Esto indica que una
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
934 "característica" del sistema operativo llamada "control de flujo" está
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
935 interceptando el C-s y no permitiéndole llegar hasta Emacs. Para
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
936 descongelar la pantalla, teclee C-q. Luego consulte la sección
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
937 "Entrada Espontánea para Búsqueda Incremental" en el manual de Emacs
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
938 para consejos de cómo tratar con esta "característica".
35127
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parents:
diff changeset
939
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
940 Si se encuentra en medio de una búsqueda incremental y teclea
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
941 <Delback>, notará que el último carácter de la cadena buscada se borra
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
942 y la búsqueda vuelve al sitio anterior de la búsqueda. Por ejemplo,
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
943 suponga que ha tecleado "c", para buscar la primera ocurrencia de "c".
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
944 Ahora, si teclea "u", el cursor se moverá a la primera ocurrencia de
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
945 "cu". Ahora teclee <Delback>. Esto borra la "u" de la cadena
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
946 buscada, y el cursor vuelve a la primera ocurrencia de "c".
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parents:
diff changeset
947
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
948 Si está en medio de una búsqueda y teclea un carácter control o meta
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
949 (con algunas pocas excepciones: los caracteres que son especiales en
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
950 una búsqueda, tales como C-s y C-r), la búsqueda termina.
35127
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
951
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
952 El C-s inicia una exploración que busca alguna ocurrencia de la cadena
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
953 buscada DESPUÉS de la posición actual del cursor. Si quiere buscar
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
954 algo anterior en el texto, teclee en cambio C-r. Todo lo que hemos
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
955 dicho sobre C-s también se aplica a C-r, excepto que la dirección de
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
956 la búsqueda se invierte.
35127
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parents:
diff changeset
957
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
958
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
959 * MÚLTIPLES VENTANAS
35127
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parents:
diff changeset
960 --------------------
501e704b34bc *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
961
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
962 Una de las características agradables de Emacs es que se puede mostrar
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
963 más de una ventana en la pantalla al mismo tiempo.
35127
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parents:
diff changeset
964
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
965 >> Mueva el cursor a esta línea y teclee C-u 0 C-l (eso es CONTROL-L,
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
966 no CONTROL-1).
35127
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parents:
diff changeset
967
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
968 >> Ahora teclee C-x 2 que divide la pantalla en dos ventanas. Ambas
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
969 ventanas muestran este tutorial. El cursor permanece en la ventana
35127
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parents:
diff changeset
970 superior.
501e704b34bc *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
971
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
972 >> Teclee C-M-v para desplazar la ventana inferior.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
973 (Si no tiene una tecla META real, teclee ESC C-v.)
35127
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
974
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
975 >> Teclee C-x o ("o" para "otro") para mover el cursor a la ventana
35127
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
976 inferior.
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
977 >> Use C-v y M-v en la ventana inferior para desplazarla.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
978 Siga leyendo estas direcciones en la ventana superior.
35127
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parents:
diff changeset
979
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
980 >> Teclee C-x o de nuevo para mover el cursor de vuelta a la ventana
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
981 superior.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
982 El cursor en la ventana superior está justo donde estaba antes.
35127
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parents:
diff changeset
983
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
984 Puede continuar usando C-x o para cambiar entre las ventanas. Cada
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
985 ventana tiene su propia posición del cursor, pero únicamente una
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
986 ventana actual muestra el cursor. Todos los comandos de edición
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
987 comunes se aplican a la ventana en que está el cursor. Llamaremos
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
988 esto la "ventana seleccionada".
35127
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parents:
diff changeset
989
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
990 El comando C-M-v es muy útil cuando está editando un texto en una
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
991 ventana y usando la otra ventana como referencia. Puede mantener el
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
992 cursor siempre en la ventana donde está editando, y avanzar a la otra
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
993 ventana secuencialmente con C-M-v.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
994
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
995 C-M-v es un ejemplo de un carácter CONTROL-META. Si tiene una tecla
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
996 META real, puede teclear C-M-v pulsando a la vez CONTROL y META
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
997 mientras teclea v. No importa qué tecla "vaya primero", CONTROL o
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
998 META, porque las dos teclas actúan modificando los caracteres que
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
999 teclea.
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1000
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1001 Si no tiene una tecla META real, y en vez de eso usa ESC, el orden sí
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1002 importa: debe teclear ESC seguido de Control-v, porque Control-ESC v
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1003 no funcionará. Esto es porque ESC es un carácter que tiene valor por
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1004 sí mismo, no es una tecla modificadora.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1005
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1006 >> Teclee C-x 1 (en la ventana de arriba) para deshacerse de la
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
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1007 ventana de abajo.
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1008
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1009 (Si hubiera tecleado C-x 1 en la ventana inferior, esto eliminaría la
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1010 superior. Piense en este comando como "mantener sólo una
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1011 ventana--aquella en la cual estoy.")
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1012
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1013 No tiene por qué mostrarse el mismo buffer en ambas ventanas. Si usa
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1014 C-x C-f para encontrar un archivo en una ventana, la otra ventana no
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1015 cambia. Puede encontrar un archivo en cada ventana
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diff changeset
1016 independientemente.
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parents:
diff changeset
1017
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1018 Aquí hay otra forma para usar dos ventanas para mostrar dos cosas
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1019 diferentes:
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1020
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1021 >> Teclee C-x 4 C-f seguido del nombre de uno de sus archivos.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1022 Finalice con <Return>. Vea que el archivo especificado aparece en
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1023 la ventana inferior. El cursor vá allá también.
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diff changeset
1024
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1025 >> Teclee C-x o para regresar a la ventana superior, y C-x 1 para
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1026 borrar la ventana inferior.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1027
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1028
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
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diff changeset
1029 * NIVELES RECURSIVOS DE EDICIÓN
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1030 --------------------------------
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1031
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1032 Algunas veces entrará a lo que es llamado un "nivel recursivo de
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1033 edición". Esto se indica en la línea de modo mediante corchetes en la
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1034 línea de modo, rodeando los paréntesis del nombre del modo mayor. Por
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1035 ejemplo, probablemente vea [(Fundamental)] en vez de (Fundamental).
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diff changeset
1036
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1037 Para salir de los niveles recursivos de edición, teclee ESC ESC ESC.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1038 Éste es un comando de "salida" para todo propósito. También lo puede
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1039 usar para eliminar ventanas extras, y salir del minibuffer.
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diff changeset
1040
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1041 >> Teclee M-x para entrar a un minibuffer; luego teclee ESC ESC ESC
35127
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parents:
diff changeset
1042 para salir.
501e704b34bc *** empty log message ***
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parents:
diff changeset
1043
48502
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1044 No se puede usar C-g para salir de los "niveles recursivos de
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1045 edición". Esto es porque C-g es usado para cancelar comandos y
35127
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diff changeset
1046 argumentos DENTRO del nivel recursivo de edición.
501e704b34bc *** empty log message ***
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parents:
diff changeset
1047
48502
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1048
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1049 * CONSEGUIR MAS AYUDA
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1050 ---------------------
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diff changeset
1051
48502
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1052 En este tutorial hemos tratado de ofrecer suficiente información para
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1053 que empiece a usar Emacs. Hay tanto disponible en Emacs que sería
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1054 imposible explicar todo aquí. Sin embargo, quizá desee aprender más
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1055 sobre Emacs, ya que tiene muchas otras características útiles. Emacs
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1056 provee comandos para leer documentación acerca de los comandos de
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1057 Emacs. Todos estos comandos de "ayuda" comienzan con el carácter
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1058 Control-h, que es llamado "el carácter de Ayuda (Help)".
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1059
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1060 Para usar las funciones de ayuda, teclee el carácter C-h, y luego un
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1061 carácter decidiendo qué tipo de ayuda quiere. Si está REALMENTE
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1062 perdido teclee C-h ? y Emacs le dirá qué tipo de ayuda puede
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1063 ofrecerle. Si ha tecleado C-h y decide que no quiere ninguna ayuda,
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1064 teclee C-g para cancelarlo.
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diff changeset
1065
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1066 (En algunas instalaciones cambian el significado del carácter C-h.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1067 Realmente no deberían hacer esto como una política para todos los
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1068 usuarios, así que tiene argumentos para quejarse al administrador del
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1069 sistema. Mientras tanto, si C-h no muestra un mensaje de ayuda en el
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1070 final de la pantalla, intente teclear la tecla F1 o, en su lugar, M-x
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diff changeset
1071 help <Return>).
501e704b34bc *** empty log message ***
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parents:
diff changeset
1072
48502
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1073 La función de AYUDA más básica es C-h c. Teclee C-h, el carácter c y
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1074 un carácter de comando o secuencia de comando; Emacs le mostrará
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1075 una descripción muy breve del comando.
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1076
48502
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1077 >> Teclee C-h c C-p.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1078 El mensaje debe ser algo como
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1079
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1080 C-p runs the command previous-line
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1081
48502
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1082 Esto le dice el "nombre de la función". Los nombres de función se
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1083 usan principalmente para adecuar y extender Emacs. Pero ya que los
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1084 nombres de las funciones se eligen para indicar lo que el comando
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1085 hace, también pueden servir como una breve documentación: suficiente
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1086 para recordarle los comandos que ha aprendido.
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diff changeset
1087
48502
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1088 Los comandos de múltiples caracteres tales como C-x C-s y (sí no tiene
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1089 las teclas META o EDIT o ALT) <ESC>v también están permitidos después
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1090 de C-h c.
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diff changeset
1091
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1092 Para conseguir más información sobre un comando use C-h k en vez de
35127
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parents:
diff changeset
1093 C-h c.
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parents:
diff changeset
1094
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1095 >> Teclee C-h k C-p.
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diff changeset
1096
48502
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1097 Esto muestra la documentación de la función, al igual que el nombre,
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1098 en una ventana de Emacs. Cuando haya terminado de leer el resultado,
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1099 teclee C-x 1 para deshacerse del texto de ayuda. No tiene que hacer
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1100 esto ahora. Puede hacer algunas ediciones mientras se refiere
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1101 al texto de ayuda, y entonces teclear C-x 1.
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parents:
diff changeset
1102
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parents:
diff changeset
1103 Aquí hay algunas otras opciones útiles de C-h:
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diff changeset
1104
48502
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parents: 46563
diff changeset
1105 C-h f Describe una función. Usted teclea el nombre de la
35127
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diff changeset
1106 función.
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diff changeset
1107
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1108 >> Intente teclear C-h f previous-line<Return>.
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1109 Esto muestra toda la información que Emacs tiene sobre la función
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1110 que implementa el comando C-p
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diff changeset
1111
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1112 Un comando similar, C-h v, muestra la documentación de variables cuyos
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1113 valores pueda poner para adecuar el comportamiento de Emacs. Necesita
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1114 teclear el nombre de la variable cuando Emacs pregunte por ella.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35128
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1115
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1116 C-h a Comando Apropos. Teclee una palabra y Emacs hará una
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1117 lista de todos los comandos que contengan esa palabra.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1118 Todos estos comandos pueden ser invocados con META-x.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1119 Para algunos comandos, el Comando Apropos también
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1120 listará una secuencia de uno o dos caracteres la cual
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1121 ejecutará el mismo comando.
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parents:
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1122
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1123 >> Teclee C-h a file<Return>.
35127
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
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1124
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1125 Esto muestra en otra ventana una lista de todos los comandos M-x con
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1126 la palabra "file" en sus nombres. Verá comandos de caracteres como
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1127 C-x C-f listados además de los nombres de los comandos
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1128 correspondientes tales como find-file.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1129
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1130 >> Teclee C-M-v para desplazar la ventana de ayuda. Haga esto unas
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1131 cuantas veces.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1132
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1133 >> Teclee C-x 1 para borrar la ventana de ayuda.
35127
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parents:
diff changeset
1134
48502
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1135 C-h i Leer los Manuales En-Línea (alias Info). Este comando
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1136 lo pone en un buffer especial llamado `*info*' donde
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1137 puede leer manuales en línea de los paquetes
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1138 instalados en su sistema. Teclee m Emacs <Return>
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1139 para leer el manual de Emacs. Sí nunca ha usado Info
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1140 antes, teclee ? y Emacs lo llevará en una visita
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1141 guiada de los servicios del modo de Info. Una vez que
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1142 haya terminado este tutorial, debería considerar el
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1143 manual Info de Emacs como su documentación primaria.
35127
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1144
501e704b34bc *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1145
48502
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1146 * MÁS CARACTERÍSTICAS
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1147 ---------------------
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1148
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1149 Puede aprender más de Emacs leyendo su manual, ya sea como libro o en
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1150 línea en el Info (use el menú Ayuda--"Help"--o teclee F10 h r). Dos
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1151 características que pueden gustarle son la completación, que ahorra
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1152 teclear, y dired, que simplifica el manejo de archivos.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1153
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1154 La completación es una manera de ahorrar teclear innecesariamente.
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1155 Por ejemplo, si quiere cambiarse al buffer "*Messages*", puede teclear
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1156 C-x b *M<Tab> y emacs encontrará el resto del nombre del buffer tan
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1157 lejos como pueda determinar de lo que ya haya tecleado. La
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1158 completación es descrita en el Info del manual de Emacs en el nodo
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1159 llamado "Completation".
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1160
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1161 Dired le permite listar los archivos en un directorio (y opcionalmente
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1162 sus subdirectorios), moverse alrededor de esa lista, visitar,
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1163 renombrar, borrar y aparte de eso operar en los archivos. Dired esta
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1164 descrito en el Info en el manual de Emacs en el nodo llamado "Dired".
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1165
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1166 El manual también describe otras características de Emacs.
40721
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35128
diff changeset
1167
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35128
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1168
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diff changeset
1169 * CONCLUSIÓN
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parents:
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1170 ------------
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diff changeset
1171
48502
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1172 Recuerde, para salir permanentemente de Emacs use C-x C-c. Para salir
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1173 temporalmente a un intérprete de comandos, de forma que puede volver a
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1174 Emacs después, use C-z.
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diff changeset
1175
48502
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1176 Este tutorial intenta ser comprensible para todos los usuarios nuevos,
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1177 así que si encuentra algo que no esté claro, no se siente y se culpe a
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1178 sí mismo: ¡Quéjese!
35127
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parents:
diff changeset
1179
48502
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1180
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1181 * COPIA
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1182 -------
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parents:
diff changeset
1183
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parents:
diff changeset
1184 Este tutorial desciende de una larga línea de tutoriales de Emacs
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1185 comenzando con el escrito por Stuart Cracraft para el Emacs original.
48502
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1186
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1187 La versión en español fue originalmente traducida por estudiantes del
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1188 Gimnasio Fidel Cano (un colegio en Santafé de Bogotá, Colombia):
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parents:
diff changeset
1189
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1190 Carlos Alberto López Troncoso
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1191 Andrés Felipe Mancipe Galvis
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1192 Lina Fernanda Pinto García
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1193 Liliana Carolina Quitián Cedeño
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1194 Leonardo Ramírez Vargas <leonardoramirez@latinmail.com>
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1195 Juan David Vargas Botero <cyberbob1164@hotmail.com>
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1196 Juan Pablo Yela Gallón
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1197 Jorge Enrique Cárdenas Carrillo <platypus_life@hotmail.com>
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
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1198
48502
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1199 La versión en español ha sido revisada y corregida por:
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1200
35127
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parents:
diff changeset
1201 Pablo Reyes <reyes_pablo@hotmail.com>
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1202 Igor Támara <ikks@bigfoot.com>
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1203 Melissa Giraldo de Támara <melagira@yahoo.com>
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1204 Vladimir Támara <vtamara@gnu.org>
48502
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1205 Rafael Sepúlveda <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1206 Juanma Barranquero <lektu@terra.es>
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1207
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1208 La versión en español ha sido actualizada por:
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1209
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1210 Rafael Sepúlveda <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>
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parents:
diff changeset
1211
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parents:
diff changeset
1212 Por favor, en caso de duda, sólo es válido el original en inglés de la
46563
d155b00f8345 Many cleanups, fixing of accents, punctuation, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43965
diff changeset
1213 siguiente nota de derechos de reproducción (que puede encontrar en el
35127
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parents:
diff changeset
1214 archivo TUTORIAL).
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parents:
diff changeset
1215
48502
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1216 Copyright (c) 1985, 1996, 1998, 2001, 2002 Free Software Foundation
35127
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parents:
diff changeset
1217
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parents:
diff changeset
1218 Se permite a cualquiera hacer o distribuir copias literales de este
48502
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1219 documento como se recibe, en cualquier medio, siempre que la nota
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1220 de derechos de reproducción y la nota de permiso se preserven, y
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1221 que el distribuidor permita que el que la recibe hacer distribución
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1222 posterior como lo permite esta nota.
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parents:
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1223
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parents:
diff changeset
1224 Se permite distribuir versiones modificadas de este documento, o
501e704b34bc *** empty log message ***
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parents:
diff changeset
1225 porciones de este, bajo las condiciones anteriores, siempre que
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parents:
diff changeset
1226 ellas tengan nota visible especificando quién fue el último en
501e704b34bc *** empty log message ***
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parents:
diff changeset
1227 alterarlas.
501e704b34bc *** empty log message ***
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parents:
diff changeset
1228
46563
d155b00f8345 Many cleanups, fixing of accents, punctuation, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43965
diff changeset
1229 Las condiciones para copiar Emacs mismo son más complejas, pero con el
48502
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1230 mismo espíritu. Por favor lea el archivo COPYING y luego distribuya
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1231 copias de GNU Emacs a sus amigos. ¡Ayude a erradicar el
c1e17d99ee25 Extensively changed and updated by Rafael Sep?a <drs@gnulinux.org.mx>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46563
diff changeset
1232 obstruccionismo del software ("propietariedad") usando, escribiendo, y
46563
d155b00f8345 Many cleanups, fixing of accents, punctuation, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43965
diff changeset
1233 compartiendo software libre!
35127
501e704b34bc *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1234
49777
9ada5a15a432 Add coding spec.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 48502
diff changeset
1235 --- end of TUTORIAL.es ---
35127
501e704b34bc *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1236
49777
9ada5a15a432 Add coding spec.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 48502
diff changeset
1237 ;;; Local Variables:
9ada5a15a432 Add coding spec.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 48502
diff changeset
1238 ;;; coding: latin-1
9ada5a15a432 Add coding spec.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 48502
diff changeset
1239 ;;; End:
52401
695cf19ef79e Add arch taglines
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents: 49777
diff changeset
1240
695cf19ef79e Add arch taglines
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents: 49777
diff changeset
1241 ;;; arch-tag: 66aae86e-6f86-4a3e-b82a-44a783f774fd