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annotate man/cmdargs.texi @ 53441:cb72a8379550
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author | Eli Zaretskii <eliz@is.elta.co.il> |
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date | Tue, 30 Dec 2003 08:26:00 +0000 |
parents | 3649390c0f91 |
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25829 | 1 @c This is part of the Emacs manual. |
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2 @c Copyright (C) 1985,86,87,93,94,95,1997,2001, 2003 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
25829 | 3 @c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions. |
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4 @node Command Arguments, X Resources, Service, Top |
25829 | 5 @appendix Command Line Arguments |
6 @cindex command line arguments | |
7 @cindex arguments (command line) | |
8 @cindex options (command line) | |
9 @cindex switches (command line) | |
10 @cindex startup (command line arguments) | |
11 | |
12 GNU Emacs supports command line arguments to request various actions | |
13 when invoking Emacs. These are for compatibility with other editors and | |
14 for sophisticated activities. We don't recommend using them for | |
15 ordinary editing. | |
16 | |
17 Arguments starting with @samp{-} are @dfn{options}. Other arguments | |
18 specify files to visit. Emacs visits the specified files while it | |
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19 starts up. The last file name on your command line becomes the |
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20 current buffer; the other files are also visited in other buffers. If |
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21 there are two files, they are both displayed; otherwise the last file |
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22 is displayed along with a buffer list that shows what other buffers |
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23 there are. As with most programs, the special argument @samp{--} says |
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24 that all subsequent arguments are file names, not options, even if |
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25 they start with @samp{-}. |
25829 | 26 |
27 Emacs command options can specify many things, such as the size and | |
28 position of the X window Emacs uses, its colors, and so on. A few | |
29 options support advanced usage, such as running Lisp functions on files | |
30 in batch mode. The sections of this chapter describe the available | |
31 options, arranged according to their purpose. | |
32 | |
33 There are two ways of writing options: the short forms that start with | |
34 a single @samp{-}, and the long forms that start with @samp{--}. For | |
35 example, @samp{-d} is a short form and @samp{--display} is the | |
36 corresponding long form. | |
37 | |
38 The long forms with @samp{--} are easier to remember, but longer to | |
39 type. However, you don't have to spell out the whole option name; any | |
40 unambiguous abbreviation is enough. When a long option takes an | |
41 argument, you can use either a space or an equal sign to separate the | |
42 option name and the argument. Thus, you can write either | |
43 @samp{--display sugar-bombs:0.0} or @samp{--display=sugar-bombs:0.0}. | |
44 We recommend an equal sign because it makes the relationship clearer, | |
45 and the tables below always show an equal sign. | |
46 | |
47 @cindex initial options (command line) | |
48 @cindex action options (command line) | |
49 Most options specify how to initialize Emacs, or set parameters for | |
50 the Emacs session. We call them @dfn{initial options}. A few options | |
51 specify things to do: for example, load libraries, call functions, or | |
38745 | 52 terminate Emacs. These are called @dfn{action options}. These and file |
25829 | 53 names together are called @dfn{action arguments}. Emacs processes all |
54 the action arguments in the order they are written. | |
55 | |
56 @menu | |
57 * Action Arguments:: Arguments to visit files, load libraries, | |
58 and call functions. | |
59 * Initial Options:: Arguments that take effect while starting Emacs. | |
60 * Command Example:: Examples of using command line arguments. | |
61 * Resume Arguments:: Specifying arguments when you resume a running Emacs. | |
62 * Environment:: Environment variables that Emacs uses. | |
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63 * Display X:: Changing the default display and using remote login. |
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64 * Font X:: Choosing a font for text, under X. |
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65 * Colors:: Choosing display colors. |
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66 * Window Size X:: Start-up window size, under X. |
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67 * Borders X:: Internal and external borders, under X. |
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68 * Title X:: Specifying the initial frame's title. |
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69 * Icons X:: Choosing what sort of icon to use, under X. |
25829 | 70 @end menu |
71 | |
72 @node Action Arguments | |
73 @appendixsec Action Arguments | |
74 | |
75 Here is a table of the action arguments and options: | |
76 | |
77 @table @samp | |
78 @item @var{file} | |
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79 @opindex --visit |
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80 @itemx --visit=@var{file} |
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81 @opindex --file |
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82 @itemx --file=@var{file} |
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83 @cindex visiting files, command-line argument |
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84 @vindex inhibit-startup-buffer-menu |
25829 | 85 Visit @var{file} using @code{find-file}. @xref{Visiting}. |
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86 If you visit several files at startup in this way, Emacs |
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87 also displays a Buffer Menu buffer to show you what files it |
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88 has visited. You can inhibit that by setting @code{inhibit-startup-buffer-menu} to @code{t}. |
25829 | 89 |
90 @item +@var{linenum} @var{file} | |
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91 @opindex +@var{linenum} |
25829 | 92 Visit @var{file} using @code{find-file}, then go to line number |
93 @var{linenum} in it. | |
94 | |
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95 @item +@var{linenum}:@var{columnnum} @var{file} |
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96 Visit @var{file} using @code{find-file}, then go to line number |
38745 | 97 @var{linenum} and put point at column number @var{columnnum}. |
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98 |
25829 | 99 @need 3000 |
100 @item -l @var{file} | |
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101 @opindex -l |
25829 | 102 @itemx --load=@var{file} |
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103 @opindex --load |
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104 @cindex loading Lisp libraries, command-line argument |
25829 | 105 Load a Lisp library named @var{file} with the function @code{load}. |
106 @xref{Lisp Libraries}. The library can be found either in the current | |
107 directory, or in the Emacs library search path as specified | |
29107 | 108 with @env{EMACSLOADPATH} (@pxref{General Variables}). |
25829 | 109 |
110 @item -f @var{function} | |
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111 @opindex -f |
25829 | 112 @itemx --funcall=@var{function} |
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113 @opindex --funcall |
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114 @cindex call Lisp functions, command-line argument |
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115 Call Lisp function @var{function}. If it is an interactive function |
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116 (a command), it reads the arguments interactively just as if you had |
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117 called the same function with a key sequence. Otherwise, it calls the |
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118 function with no arguments. |
25829 | 119 |
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120 @item --eval=@var{expression} |
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121 @opindex --eval |
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122 @itemx --execute=@var{expression} |
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123 @opindex --execute |
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124 @cindex evaluate expression, command-line argument |
25829 | 125 Evaluate Lisp expression @var{expression}. |
126 | |
127 @item --insert=@var{file} | |
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128 @opindex --insert |
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129 @cindex insert file contents, command-line argument |
25829 | 130 Insert the contents of @var{file} into the current buffer. This is like |
131 what @kbd{M-x insert-file} does. @xref{Misc File Ops}. | |
132 | |
133 @item --kill | |
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134 @opindex --kill |
25829 | 135 Exit from Emacs without asking for confirmation. |
136 @end table | |
137 | |
138 @vindex command-line-args | |
139 The init file can access the values of the action arguments as the | |
140 elements of a list in the variable @code{command-line-args}. The init | |
141 file can override the normal processing of the action arguments, or | |
142 define new ones, by reading and setting this variable. | |
143 | |
144 @node Initial Options | |
145 @appendixsec Initial Options | |
146 | |
147 The initial options specify parameters for the Emacs session. This | |
148 section describes the more general initial options; some other options | |
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149 specifically related to the X Window System appear in the following |
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150 sections. |
25829 | 151 |
152 Some initial options affect the loading of init files. The normal | |
153 actions of Emacs are to first load @file{site-start.el} if it exists, | |
154 then your own init file @file{~/.emacs} if it exists, and finally | |
155 @file{default.el} if it exists; certain options prevent loading of some | |
156 of these files or substitute other files for them. | |
157 | |
158 @table @samp | |
159 @item -t @var{device} | |
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160 @opindex -t |
25829 | 161 @itemx --terminal=@var{device} |
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162 @opindex --terminal |
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163 @cindex device for Emacs terminal I/O |
25829 | 164 Use @var{device} as the device for terminal input and output. |
165 | |
166 @item -d @var{display} | |
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167 @opindex -d |
25829 | 168 @itemx --display=@var{display} |
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169 @opindex --display |
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170 @cindex display for Emacs frame |
25829 | 171 Use the X Window System and use the display named @var{display} to open |
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172 the initial Emacs frame. @xref{Display X}, for more details. |
25829 | 173 |
174 @item -nw | |
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175 @opindex -nw |
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176 @itemx --no-window-system |
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177 @opindex --no-window-system |
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178 @cindex disable window system |
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179 Don't communicate directly with the window system, disregarding the |
40652 | 180 @env{DISPLAY} environment variable even if it is set. This means that |
181 Emacs uses the terminal from which it was launched for all its display | |
182 and input. | |
25829 | 183 |
184 @need 3000 | |
185 @cindex batch mode | |
186 @item -batch | |
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187 @opindex --batch |
25829 | 188 @itemx --batch |
189 Run Emacs in @dfn{batch mode}, which means that the text being edited is | |
190 not displayed and the standard terminal interrupt characters such as | |
191 @kbd{C-z} and @kbd{C-c} continue to have their normal effect. Emacs in | |
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192 batch mode outputs to @code{stderr} only what would normally be displayed |
36875 | 193 in the echo area under program control, and functions which would |
194 normally read from the minibuffer take their input from @code{stdin}. | |
25829 | 195 |
196 Batch mode is used for running programs written in Emacs Lisp from | |
197 shell scripts, makefiles, and so on. Normally the @samp{-l} option | |
198 or @samp{-f} option will be used as well, to invoke a Lisp program | |
199 to do the batch processing. | |
200 | |
47323 | 201 @samp{--batch} implies @samp{-q} (do not load an init file). It also |
38745 | 202 causes Emacs to exit after processing all the command options. In |
203 addition, it disables auto-saving except in buffers for which it has | |
204 been explicitly requested. | |
25829 | 205 |
47323 | 206 @item --script @var{file} |
207 @opindex --script | |
208 Run Emacs in batch mode, like @samp{--batch}, and then read and | |
209 execute the Lisp code in @var{file}. | |
210 | |
211 The normal use of this option is in executable script files that run | |
212 Emacs. They can start with this text on the first line | |
213 | |
214 @example | |
215 #!/usr/bin/emacs --script | |
216 @end example | |
217 | |
218 @noindent | |
219 which will invoke Emacs with @samp{--script} and supply the name of | |
220 the script file as @var{file}. Emacs Lisp then treats @samp{#!} as a | |
221 comment delimiter. | |
222 | |
25829 | 223 @item -q |
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224 @opindex -q |
25829 | 225 @itemx --no-init-file |
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226 @opindex --no-init-file |
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227 @cindex bypassing init and site-start file |
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228 @cindex init file, not loading |
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229 @cindex @file{default.el} file, not loading |
25829 | 230 Do not load your Emacs init file @file{~/.emacs}, or @file{default.el} |
38659 | 231 either. When invoked like this, Emacs does not allow saving options |
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232 changed with the @kbd{M-x customize} command and its variants. |
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233 @xref{Easy Customization}. |
25829 | 234 |
235 @item --no-site-file | |
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236 @opindex --no-site-file |
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237 @cindex @file{site-start.el} file, not loading |
25829 | 238 Do not load @file{site-start.el}. The options @samp{-q}, @samp{-u} |
239 and @samp{-batch} have no effect on the loading of this file---this is | |
240 the only option that blocks it. | |
241 | |
45532 | 242 @item --no-splash |
243 @opindex --no-splash | |
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244 @vindex inhibit-startup-message |
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245 Do not display a splash screen on startup; this is equivalent to |
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246 setting the variable @code{inhibit-startup-message} to non-@code{nil}. |
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247 |
25829 | 248 @item -u @var{user} |
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249 @opindex -u |
25829 | 250 @itemx --user=@var{user} |
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251 @opindex --user |
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252 @cindex load init file of another user |
25829 | 253 Load @var{user}'s Emacs init file @file{~@var{user}/.emacs} instead of |
254 your own. | |
255 | |
256 @item --debug-init | |
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257 @opindex --debug-init |
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258 @cindex errors in init file |
25829 | 259 Enable the Emacs Lisp debugger for errors in the init file. |
260 | |
261 @item --unibyte | |
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262 @opindex --unibyte |
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263 @cindex unibyte operation, command-line argument |
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264 Do almost everything with single-byte buffers and strings. |
25829 | 265 All buffers and strings are unibyte unless you (or a Lisp program) |
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266 explicitly ask for a multibyte buffer or string. (Note that Emacs |
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267 always loads Lisp files in multibyte mode, even if @samp{--unibyte} is |
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268 specified; see @ref{Enabling Multibyte}.) Setting the environment |
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269 variable @env{EMACS_UNIBYTE} has the same effect. |
25829 | 270 |
271 @item --multibyte | |
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272 @opindex --multibyte |
29107 | 273 Inhibit the effect of @env{EMACS_UNIBYTE}, so that Emacs |
25829 | 274 uses multibyte characters by default, as usual. |
275 @end table | |
276 | |
277 @node Command Example | |
278 @appendixsec Command Argument Example | |
279 | |
280 Here is an example of using Emacs with arguments and options. It | |
281 assumes you have a Lisp program file called @file{hack-c.el} which, when | |
282 loaded, performs some useful operation on the current buffer, expected | |
283 to be a C program. | |
284 | |
285 @example | |
286 emacs -batch foo.c -l hack-c -f save-buffer >& log | |
287 @end example | |
288 | |
289 @noindent | |
290 This says to visit @file{foo.c}, load @file{hack-c.el} (which makes | |
291 changes in the visited file), save @file{foo.c} (note that | |
292 @code{save-buffer} is the function that @kbd{C-x C-s} is bound to), and | |
293 then exit back to the shell (because of @samp{-batch}). @samp{-batch} | |
294 also guarantees there will be no problem redirecting output to | |
295 @file{log}, because Emacs will not assume that it has a display terminal | |
296 to work with. | |
297 | |
298 @node Resume Arguments | |
299 @appendixsec Resuming Emacs with Arguments | |
300 | |
301 You can specify action arguments for Emacs when you resume it after | |
302 a suspension. To prepare for this, put the following code in your | |
303 @file{.emacs} file (@pxref{Hooks}): | |
304 | |
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305 @c `resume-suspend-hook' is correct. It is the name of a function. |
25829 | 306 @example |
307 (add-hook 'suspend-hook 'resume-suspend-hook) | |
308 (add-hook 'suspend-resume-hook 'resume-process-args) | |
309 @end example | |
310 | |
311 As further preparation, you must execute the shell script | |
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312 @file{emacs.csh} (if you use csh as your shell) or @file{emacs.bash} |
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313 (if you use bash as your shell). These scripts define an alias named |
25829 | 314 @code{edit}, which will resume Emacs giving it new command line |
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315 arguments such as files to visit. The scripts are found in the |
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316 @file{etc} subdirectory of the Emacs distribution. |
25829 | 317 |
318 Only action arguments work properly when you resume Emacs. Initial | |
319 arguments are not recognized---it's too late to execute them anyway. | |
320 | |
321 Note that resuming Emacs (with or without arguments) must be done from | |
322 within the shell that is the parent of the Emacs job. This is why | |
323 @code{edit} is an alias rather than a program or a shell script. It is | |
324 not possible to implement a resumption command that could be run from | |
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325 other subjobs of the shell; there is no way to define a command that could |
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326 be made the value of @env{EDITOR}, for example. Therefore, this feature |
25829 | 327 does not take the place of the Emacs Server feature (@pxref{Emacs |
328 Server}). | |
329 | |
330 The aliases use the Emacs Server feature if you appear to have a | |
331 server Emacs running. However, they cannot determine this with complete | |
332 accuracy. They may think that a server is still running when in | |
333 actuality you have killed that Emacs, because the file | |
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334 @file{/tmp/esrv@dots{}} still exists. If this happens, find that |
25829 | 335 file and delete it. |
336 | |
337 @node Environment | |
338 @appendixsec Environment Variables | |
339 @cindex environment variables | |
340 | |
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341 The @dfn{environment} is a feature of the operating system; it |
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342 consists of a collection of variables with names and values. Each |
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343 variable is called an @dfn{environment variable}; environment variable |
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344 names are case-sensitive, and it is conventional to use upper case |
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345 letters only. The values are all text strings. |
25829 | 346 |
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347 What makes the environment useful is that subprocesses inherit the |
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348 environment automatically from their parent process. This means you |
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349 can set up an environment variable in your login shell, and all the |
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350 programs you run (including Emacs) will automatically see it. |
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351 Subprocesses of Emacs (such as shells, compilers, and version-control |
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352 software) inherit the environment from Emacs, too. |
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353 |
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354 @findex setenv |
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355 @findex getenv |
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356 Inside Emacs, the command @kbd{M-x getenv} gets the value of an |
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357 environment variable. @kbd{M-x setenv} sets a variable in the Emacs |
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358 environment. (Environment variable substitutions with @samp{$} work |
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359 in the value just as in file names; see @ref{File Names with $}.) |
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360 |
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361 The way to set environment variables outside of Emacs depends on the |
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362 operating system, and especially the shell that you are using. For |
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363 example, here's how to set the environment variable @env{ORGANIZATION} |
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364 to @samp{not very much} using Bash: |
25829 | 365 |
366 @example | |
367 export ORGANIZATION="not very much" | |
368 @end example | |
369 | |
370 @noindent | |
371 and here's how to do it in csh or tcsh: | |
372 | |
373 @example | |
374 setenv ORGANIZATION "not very much" | |
375 @end example | |
376 | |
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377 When Emacs is using the X Window System, various environment |
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378 variables that control X work for Emacs as well. See the X |
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379 documentation for more information. |
25829 | 380 |
381 @menu | |
382 * General Variables:: Environment variables that all versions of Emacs use. | |
383 * Misc Variables:: Certain system-specific variables. | |
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384 * MS-Windows Registry:: An alternative to the environment on MS-Windows. |
25829 | 385 @end menu |
386 | |
387 @node General Variables | |
388 @appendixsubsec General Variables | |
389 | |
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390 Here is an alphabetical list of specific environment variables that |
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391 have special meanings in Emacs, giving the name of each variable and |
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392 its meaning. Most of these variables are also used by some other |
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393 programs. Emacs does not require any of these environment variables |
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394 to be set, but it uses their values if they are set. |
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395 |
29107 | 396 @table @env |
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397 @item CDPATH |
25829 | 398 Used by the @code{cd} command to search for the directory you specify, |
399 when you specify a relative directory name. | |
400 @item EMACS_UNIBYTE | |
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401 @cindex unibyte operation, environment variable |
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402 Defining this environment variable with a nonempty value directs Emacs |
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403 to do almost everything with single-byte buffers and strings. It is |
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404 equivalent to using the @samp{--unibyte} command-line option on each |
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405 invocation. @xref{Initial Options}. |
25829 | 406 @item EMACSDATA |
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407 Directory for the architecture-independent files that come with Emacs. |
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408 This is used to initialize the Lisp variable @code{data-directory}. |
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409 @item EMACSDOC |
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410 Directory for the documentation string file, |
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411 @file{DOC-@var{emacsversion}}. This is used to initialize the Lisp |
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412 variable @code{doc-directory}. |
25829 | 413 @item EMACSLOADPATH |
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414 A colon-separated list of directories@footnote{ |
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415 Here and below, whenever we say ``colon-separated list of directories'', |
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416 it pertains to Unix and GNU/Linux systems. On MS-DOS and MS-Windows, |
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417 the directories are separated by semi-colons instead, since DOS/Windows |
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418 file names might include a colon after a drive letter.} |
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419 to search for Emacs Lisp files---used to initialize @code{load-path}. |
25829 | 420 @item EMACSPATH |
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421 A colon-separated list of directories to search for executable |
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422 files---used to initialize @code{exec-path}. |
25829 | 423 @item ESHELL |
29107 | 424 Used for shell-mode to override the @env{SHELL} environment variable. |
25829 | 425 @item HISTFILE |
426 The name of the file that shell commands are saved in between logins. | |
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427 This variable defaults to @file{~/.bash_history} if you use Bash, to |
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428 @file{~/.sh_history} if you use ksh, and to @file{~/.history} |
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429 otherwise. |
25829 | 430 @item HOME |
431 The location of the user's files in the directory tree; used for | |
432 expansion of file names starting with a tilde (@file{~}). On MS-DOS, it | |
433 defaults to the directory from which Emacs was started, with @samp{/bin} | |
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434 removed from the end if it was present. On Windows, the default value |
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435 of @env{HOME} is @file{C:/}, the root directory of drive @file{C:}. |
25829 | 436 @item HOSTNAME |
437 The name of the machine that Emacs is running on. | |
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438 @item INCPATH |
25829 | 439 A colon-separated list of directories. Used by the @code{complete} package |
440 to search for files. | |
441 @item INFOPATH | |
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442 A colon-separated list of directories in which to search for Info files. |
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443 @item LC_ALL |
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444 @itemx LC_COLLATE |
25829 | 445 @itemx LC_CTYPE |
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446 @itemx LC_MESSAGES |
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447 @itemx LC_MONETARY |
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448 @itemx LC_NUMERIC |
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449 @itemx LC_TIME |
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450 @itemx LANG |
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451 The user's preferred locale. The locale has six categories, specified |
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452 by the environment variables @env{LC_COLLATE} for sorting, |
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453 @env{LC_CTYPE} for character encoding, @env{LC_MESSAGES} for system |
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454 messages, @env{LC_MONETARY} for monetary formats, @env{LC_NUMERIC} for |
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455 numbers, and @env{LC_TIME} for dates and times. If one of these |
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456 variables is not set, the category defaults to the value of the |
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457 @env{LANG} environment variable, or to the default @samp{C} locale if |
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458 @env{LANG} is not set. But if @env{LC_ALL} is specified, it overrides |
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459 the settings of all the other locale environment variables. |
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460 |
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461 On MS-Windows, if @env{LANG} is not already set in the environment |
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462 when Emacs starts, Emacs sets it based on the system-wide default |
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463 language, which you can set in the @samp{Regional Settings} Control Panel |
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464 on some versions of MS-Windows. |
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465 |
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466 The value of the @env{LC_CTYPE} category is |
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467 matched against entries in @code{locale-language-names}, |
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468 @code{locale-charset-language-names}, and |
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469 @code{locale-preferred-coding-systems}, to select a default language |
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470 environment and coding system. @xref{Language Environments}. |
25829 | 471 @item LOGNAME |
29107 | 472 The user's login name. See also @env{USER}. |
25829 | 473 @item MAIL |
474 The name of the user's system mail inbox. | |
475 @item MH | |
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476 Name of setup file for the mh system. (The default is @file{~/.mh_profile}.) |
25829 | 477 @item NAME |
478 The real-world name of the user. | |
479 @item NNTPSERVER | |
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480 The name of the news server. Used by the mh and Gnus packages. |
25829 | 481 @item ORGANIZATION |
482 The name of the organization to which you belong. Used for setting the | |
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483 `Organization:' header in your posts from the Gnus package. |
25829 | 484 @item PATH |
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485 A colon-separated list of directories in which executables reside. This |
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486 is used to initialize the Emacs Lisp variable @code{exec-path}. |
25829 | 487 @item PWD |
488 If set, this should be the default directory when Emacs was started. | |
489 @item REPLYTO | |
490 If set, this specifies an initial value for the variable | |
491 @code{mail-default-reply-to}. @xref{Mail Headers}. | |
492 @item SAVEDIR | |
493 The name of a directory in which news articles are saved by default. | |
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494 Used by the Gnus package. |
25829 | 495 @item SHELL |
496 The name of an interpreter used to parse and execute programs run from | |
497 inside Emacs. | |
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498 @item SMTPSERVER |
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499 The name of the outgoing mail server. Used by the SMTP library |
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500 (@pxref{Top,,Sending mail via SMTP,smtpmail}). |
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501 @cindex background mode, on @command{xterm} |
25829 | 502 @item TERM |
38745 | 503 The type of the terminal that Emacs is using. This variable must be |
25829 | 504 set unless Emacs is run in batch mode. On MS-DOS, it defaults to |
505 @samp{internal}, which specifies a built-in terminal emulation that | |
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506 handles the machine's own display. If the value of @env{TERM} indicates |
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507 that Emacs runs in non-windowed mode from @command{xterm} or a similar |
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508 terminal emulator, the background mode defaults to @samp{light}, and |
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509 Emacs will choose colors that are appropriate for a light background. |
25829 | 510 @item TERMCAP |
511 The name of the termcap library file describing how to program the | |
29107 | 512 terminal specified by the @env{TERM} variable. This defaults to |
25829 | 513 @file{/etc/termcap}. |
514 @item TMPDIR | |
515 Used by the Emerge package as a prefix for temporary files. | |
516 @item TZ | |
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517 This specifies the current time zone and possibly also daylight |
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518 saving time information. On MS-DOS, if @env{TZ} is not set in the |
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519 environment when Emacs starts, Emacs defines a default value as |
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520 appropriate for the country code returned by DOS. On MS-Windows, Emacs |
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521 does not use @env{TZ} at all. |
25829 | 522 @item USER |
29107 | 523 The user's login name. See also @env{LOGNAME}. On MS-DOS, this |
25829 | 524 defaults to @samp{root}. |
525 @item VERSION_CONTROL | |
526 Used to initialize the @code{version-control} variable (@pxref{Backup | |
527 Names}). | |
528 @end table | |
529 | |
530 @node Misc Variables | |
531 @appendixsubsec Miscellaneous Variables | |
532 | |
533 These variables are used only on particular configurations: | |
534 | |
29107 | 535 @table @env |
25829 | 536 @item COMSPEC |
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537 On MS-DOS and MS-Windows, the name of the command interpreter to use |
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538 when invoking batch files and commands internal to the shell. On MS-DOS |
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539 this is also used to make a default value for the @env{SHELL} environment |
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540 variable. |
25829 | 541 |
542 @item NAME | |
29107 | 543 On MS-DOS, this variable defaults to the value of the @env{USER} |
25829 | 544 variable. |
545 | |
546 @item TEMP | |
547 @itemx TMP | |
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548 On MS-DOS and MS-Windows, these specify the name of the directory for |
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549 storing temporary files in. |
25829 | 550 |
551 @item EMACSTEST | |
552 On MS-DOS, this specifies a file to use to log the operation of the | |
553 internal terminal emulator. This feature is useful for submitting bug | |
554 reports. | |
555 | |
556 @item EMACSCOLORS | |
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557 On MS-DOS, this specifies the screen colors. It is useful to set them |
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558 this way, since otherwise Emacs would display the default colors |
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559 momentarily when it starts up. |
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560 |
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561 The value of this variable should be the two-character encoding of the |
25829 | 562 foreground (the first character) and the background (the second |
563 character) colors of the default face. Each character should be the | |
564 hexadecimal code for the desired color on a standard PC text-mode | |
39267 | 565 display. For example, to get blue text on a light gray background, |
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566 specify @samp{EMACSCOLORS=17}, since 1 is the code of the blue color and |
39267 | 567 7 is the code of the light gray color. |
25829 | 568 |
569 The PC display usually supports only eight background colors. However, | |
570 Emacs switches the DOS display to a mode where all 16 colors can be used | |
571 for the background, so all four bits of the background color are | |
572 actually used. | |
573 | |
574 @item WINDOW_GFX | |
575 Used when initializing the Sun windows system. | |
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576 |
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577 @item PRELOAD_WINSOCK |
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578 On MS-Windows, if you set this variable, Emacs will load and initialize |
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579 the network library at startup, instead of waiting until the first |
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580 time it is required. |
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581 |
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582 @item emacs_dir |
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583 On MS-Windows, @env{emacs_dir} is a special environment variable, which |
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584 indicates the full path of the directory in which Emacs is installed. |
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585 If Emacs is installed in the standard directory structure, it |
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586 calculates this value automatically. It is not much use setting this |
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587 variable yourself unless your installation is non-standard, since |
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588 unlike other environment variables, it will be overridden by Emacs at |
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589 startup. When setting other environment variables, such as |
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590 @env{EMACSLOADPATH}, you may find it useful to use @env{emacs_dir} |
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591 rather than hard-coding an absolute path. This allows multiple |
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592 versions of Emacs to share the same environment variable settings, and |
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593 it allows you to move the Emacs installation directory, without |
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594 changing any environment or registry settings. |
25829 | 595 @end table |
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596 |
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597 @node MS-Windows Registry |
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598 @appendixsubsec The MS-Windows System Registry |
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599 @pindex addpm, MS-Windows installation program |
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600 @cindex registry, setting environment variables and resources on MS-Windows |
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601 |
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602 On MS-Windows, the installation program @command{addpm.exe} adds values |
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603 for @env{emacs_dir}, @env{EMACSLOADPATH}, @env{EMACSDATA}, |
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604 @env{EMACSPATH}, @env{EMACSDOC}, @env{SHELL} and @env{TERM} to the |
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605 @file{HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE} section of the system registry, under |
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606 @file{/Software/GNU/Emacs}. It does this because there is no standard |
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607 place to set environment variables across different versions of |
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608 Windows. Running @command{addpm.exe} is no longer strictly |
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609 necessary in recent versions of Emacs, but if you are upgrading from |
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610 an older version, running @command{addpm.exe} ensures that you do not have |
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611 older registry entries from a previous installation, which may not be |
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612 compatible with the latest version of Emacs. |
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613 |
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614 When Emacs starts, as well as checking the environment, it also checks |
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615 the System Registry for those variables and for @env{HOME}, @env{LANG} |
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616 and @env{PRELOAD_WINSOCK}. |
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617 |
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618 To determine the value of those variables, Emacs goes through the |
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619 following procedure. First, the environment is checked. If the |
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620 variable is not found there, Emacs looks for registry keys by that |
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621 name under @file{/Software/GNU/Emacs}; first in the |
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622 @file{HKEY_CURRENT_USER} section of the registry, and if not found |
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623 there, in the @file{HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE} section. Finally, if Emacs |
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624 still cannot determine the values, compiled-in defaults are used. |
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625 |
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626 In addition to the environment variables above, you can also add many |
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627 of the settings which on X belong in the @file{.Xdefaults} file |
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628 (@pxref{X Resources}) to the @file{/Software/GNU/Emacs} registry key. |
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629 Settings you add to the @file{HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE} section will affect |
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630 all users of the machine. Settings you add to the |
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631 @file{HKEY_CURRENT_USER} section will only affect you, and will |
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632 override machine wide settings. |
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633 |
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634 @node Display X |
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635 @appendixsec Specifying the Display Name |
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636 @cindex display name (X Window System) |
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637 @cindex @env{DISPLAY} environment variable |
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638 |
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639 The environment variable @env{DISPLAY} tells all X clients, including |
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640 Emacs, where to display their windows. Its value is set by default |
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641 in ordinary circumstances, when you start an X server and run jobs |
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642 locally. Occasionally you may need to specify the display yourself; for |
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643 example, if you do a remote login and want to run a client program |
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644 remotely, displaying on your local screen. |
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645 |
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646 With Emacs, the main reason people change the default display is to |
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647 let them log into another system, run Emacs on that system, but have the |
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648 window displayed at their local terminal. You might need to log in |
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649 to another system because the files you want to edit are there, or |
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650 because the Emacs executable file you want to run is there. |
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651 |
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652 The syntax of the @env{DISPLAY} environment variable is |
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653 @samp{@var{host}:@var{display}.@var{screen}}, where @var{host} is the |
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654 host name of the X Window System server machine, @var{display} is an |
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655 arbitrarily-assigned number that distinguishes your server (X terminal) |
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656 from other servers on the same machine, and @var{screen} is a |
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657 rarely-used field that allows an X server to control multiple terminal |
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658 screens. The period and the @var{screen} field are optional. If |
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659 included, @var{screen} is usually zero. |
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660 |
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661 For example, if your host is named @samp{glasperle} and your server is |
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662 the first (or perhaps the only) server listed in the configuration, your |
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663 @env{DISPLAY} is @samp{glasperle:0.0}. |
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664 |
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665 You can specify the display name explicitly when you run Emacs, either |
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666 by changing the @env{DISPLAY} variable, or with the option @samp{-d |
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667 @var{display}} or @samp{--display=@var{display}}. Here is an example: |
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668 |
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669 @smallexample |
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670 emacs --display=glasperle:0 & |
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671 @end smallexample |
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672 |
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673 You can inhibit the direct use of the window system and GUI with the |
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674 @samp{-nw} option. It tells Emacs to display using ordinary @acronym{ASCII} on |
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675 its controlling terminal. This is also an initial option. |
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676 |
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677 Sometimes, security arrangements prevent a program on a remote system |
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678 from displaying on your local system. In this case, trying to run Emacs |
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679 produces messages like this: |
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680 |
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681 @smallexample |
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682 Xlib: connection to "glasperle:0.0" refused by server |
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683 @end smallexample |
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684 |
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685 @noindent |
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686 You might be able to overcome this problem by using the @command{xhost} |
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687 command on the local system to give permission for access from your |
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688 remote machine. |
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689 |
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690 @node Font X |
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691 @appendixsec Font Specification Options |
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692 @cindex font name (X Window System) |
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693 |
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694 By default, Emacs displays text in a twelve point Courier font (when |
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695 using X). You can specify a different font on your command line |
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696 through the option @samp{-fn @var{name}} (or @samp{--font}, which is |
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697 an alias for @samp{-fn}). |
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698 |
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699 @table @samp |
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700 @item -fn @var{name} |
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701 @opindex -fn |
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702 @itemx --font=@var{name} |
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703 @opindex --font |
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704 @cindex specify default font from the command line |
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705 Use font @var{name} as the default font. |
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706 @end table |
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707 |
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708 Under X, each font has a long name which consists of fourteen words |
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709 or numbers, separated by dashes. Some fonts also have shorter |
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710 nicknames. For instance, @samp{9x15} is such a nickname. This font |
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711 makes each character nine pixels wide and fifteen pixels high. You |
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712 can use either kind of name. Case is insignificant in both kinds. |
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713 You can use wildcard patterns for the font name; then Emacs lets X |
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714 choose one of the fonts that match the pattern. The wildcard |
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715 character @samp{*} matches any sequence of characters (including none) |
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716 and @samp{?} matches any single character. However, matching is |
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717 implementation-dependent, and can be inaccurate when wildcards match |
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718 dashes in a long name. For reliable results, supply all 14 dashes and |
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719 use wildcards only within a field. Here is an example, which happens |
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720 to specify the font whose nickname is @samp{6x13}: |
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721 |
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722 @smallexample |
44326 | 723 emacs -fn \ |
724 "-misc-fixed-medium-r-semicondensed--13-*-*-*-c-60-iso8859-1" & | |
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725 @end smallexample |
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726 |
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727 @noindent |
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728 You can also specify the font in your @file{.Xdefaults} file: |
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729 |
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730 @smallexample |
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731 emacs.font: -misc-fixed-medium-r-semicondensed--13-*-*-*-c-60-iso8859-1 |
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732 @end smallexample |
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733 |
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734 Note that if you use a wildcard pattern on the command line, you |
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735 need to enclose it in single or double quotes, to prevent the shell |
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736 from accidentally expanding it into a list of file names. On the |
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737 other hand, you should not quote the name in the @file{.Xdefaults} |
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738 file. |
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739 |
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740 The default font used by Emacs (under X) is: |
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741 |
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742 @smallexample |
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743 -adobe-courier-medium-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-iso8859-1 |
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744 @end smallexample |
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745 |
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746 A long font name has the following form: |
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747 |
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748 @smallexample |
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749 -@var{maker}-@var{family}-@var{weight}-@var{slant}-@var{widthtype}-@var{style}@dots{} |
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750 @dots{}-@var{pixels}-@var{height}-@var{horiz}-@var{vert}-@var{spacing}-@var{width}-@var{registry}-@var{encoding} |
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751 @end smallexample |
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752 |
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753 @table @var |
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754 @item maker |
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755 This is the name of the font manufacturer. |
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756 @item family |
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757 This is the name of the font family---for example, @samp{courier}. |
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758 @item weight |
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759 This is normally @samp{bold}, @samp{medium} or @samp{light}. Other |
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760 words may appear here in some font names. |
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761 @item slant |
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762 This is @samp{r} (roman), @samp{i} (italic), @samp{o} (oblique), |
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763 @samp{ri} (reverse italic), or @samp{ot} (other). |
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764 @item widthtype |
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765 This is normally @samp{condensed}, @samp{extended}, @samp{semicondensed} |
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766 or @samp{normal}. Other words may appear here in some font names. |
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767 @item style |
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768 This is an optional additional style name. Usually it is empty---most |
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769 long font names have two hyphens in a row at this point. |
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770 @item pixels |
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771 This is the font height, in pixels. |
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772 @item height |
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773 This is the font height on the screen, measured in tenths of a printer's |
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774 point---approximately 1/720 of an inch. In other words, it is the point |
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775 size of the font, times ten. For a given vertical resolution, |
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776 @var{height} and @var{pixels} are proportional; therefore, it is common |
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777 to specify just one of them and use @samp{*} for the other. |
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778 @item horiz |
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779 This is the horizontal resolution, in pixels per inch, of the screen for |
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780 which the font is intended. |
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781 @item vert |
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782 This is the vertical resolution, in pixels per inch, of the screen for |
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783 which the font is intended. Normally the resolution of the fonts on |
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784 your system is the right value for your screen; therefore, you normally |
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785 specify @samp{*} for this and @var{horiz}. |
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786 @item spacing |
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787 This is @samp{m} (monospace), @samp{p} (proportional) or @samp{c} |
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788 (character cell). |
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789 @item width |
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790 This is the average character width, in pixels, multiplied by ten. |
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791 @item registry |
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792 @itemx encoding |
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793 These together make up the X font character set that the font depicts. |
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794 (X font character sets are not the same as Emacs charsets, but they |
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795 are solutions for the same problem.) You can use the |
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796 @command{xfontsel} program to check which choices you have. However, |
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797 normally you should use @samp{iso8859} for @var{registry} and @samp{1} |
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798 for @var{encoding}. |
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799 @end table |
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800 |
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801 @cindex listing system fonts |
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802 You will probably want to use a fixed-width default font---that is, |
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803 a font in which all characters have the same width. Any font with |
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804 @samp{m} or @samp{c} in the @var{spacing} field of the long name is a |
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805 fixed-width font. Here's how to use the @command{xlsfonts} program to |
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806 list all the fixed-width fonts available on your system: |
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807 |
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808 @example |
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809 xlsfonts -fn '*x*' | egrep "^[0-9]+x[0-9]+" |
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810 xlsfonts -fn '*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-m*' |
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811 xlsfonts -fn '*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-c*' |
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812 @end example |
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813 |
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814 @noindent |
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815 To see what a particular font looks like, use the @command{xfd} command. |
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816 For example: |
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817 |
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818 @example |
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819 xfd -fn 6x13 |
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820 @end example |
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821 |
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822 @noindent |
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823 displays the entire font @samp{6x13}. |
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824 |
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825 While running Emacs, you can set the font of the current frame |
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826 (@pxref{Frame Parameters}) or for a specific kind of text |
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827 (@pxref{Faces}). |
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828 |
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829 @node Colors |
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830 @appendixsec Window Color Options |
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831 @cindex color of window |
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832 @cindex text colors, from command line |
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833 |
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834 @findex list-colors-display |
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835 @cindex available colors |
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836 On a color display, you can specify which color to use for various |
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837 parts of the Emacs display. To find out what colors are available on |
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838 your system, type @kbd{M-x list-colors-display}, or press |
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839 @kbd{C-Mouse-2} and select @samp{Display Colors} from the pop-up menu. |
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840 If you do not specify colors, on windowed displays the default for the |
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841 background is white and the default for all other colors is black. On a |
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842 monochrome display, the foreground is black, the background is white, |
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843 and the border is gray if the display supports that. On terminals, the |
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844 background is usually black and the foreground is white. |
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845 |
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846 Here is a list of the command-line options for specifying colors: |
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847 |
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848 @table @samp |
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849 @item -fg @var{color} |
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850 @opindex -fg |
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851 @itemx --foreground-color=@var{color} |
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852 @opindex --foreground-color |
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853 @cindex foreground color, command-line argument |
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854 Specify the foreground color. @var{color} should be a standard color |
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855 name, or a numeric specification of the color's red, green, and blue |
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856 components as in @samp{#4682B4} or @samp{RGB:46/82/B4}. |
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857 @item -bg @var{color} |
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858 @opindex -bg |
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859 @itemx --background-color=@var{color} |
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860 @opindex --background-color |
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861 @cindex background color, command-line argument |
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862 Specify the background color. |
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863 @item -bd @var{color} |
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864 @opindex -bd |
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865 @itemx --border-color=@var{color} |
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866 @opindex --border-color |
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867 @cindex border color, command-line argument |
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868 Specify the color of the border of the X window. |
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869 @item -cr @var{color} |
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870 @opindex -cr |
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871 @itemx --cursor-color=@var{color} |
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872 @opindex --cursor-color |
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873 @cindex cursor color, command-line argument |
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874 Specify the color of the Emacs cursor which indicates where point is. |
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875 @item -ms @var{color} |
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876 @opindex -ms |
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877 @itemx --mouse-color=@var{color} |
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878 @opindex --mouse-color |
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879 @cindex mouse pointer color, command-line argument |
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880 Specify the color for the mouse cursor when the mouse is in the Emacs window. |
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881 @item -r |
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882 @opindex -r |
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883 @itemx -rv |
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884 @opindex -rv |
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885 @itemx --reverse-video |
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886 @opindex --reverse-video |
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887 @cindex reverse video, command-line argument |
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888 Reverse video---swap the foreground and background colors. |
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889 @item --color=@var{mode} |
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890 @opindex --color |
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891 @cindex standard colors on a character terminal |
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892 For a character terminal only, specify the mode of color support. The |
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893 parameter @var{mode} can be one of the following: |
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894 @table @samp |
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895 @item never |
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896 @itemx no |
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897 Don't use colors even if the terminal's capabilities specify color |
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898 support. |
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899 @item default |
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900 @itemx auto |
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901 Same as when @option{--color} is not used at all: Emacs detects at |
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902 startup whether the terminal supports colors, and if it does, turns on |
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903 colored display. |
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904 @item always |
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905 @itemx yes |
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906 @itemx ansi8 |
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907 Turn on the color support unconditionally, and use color commands |
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908 specified by the ANSI escape sequences for the 8 standard colors. |
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909 @item @var{num} |
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910 Use color mode for @var{num} colors. If @var{num} is -1, turn off |
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911 color support (equivalent to @samp{never}); if it is 0, use the |
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912 default color support for this terminal (equivalent to @samp{auto}); |
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913 otherwise use an appropriate standard mode for @var{num} colors. If |
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914 there is no mode that supports @var{num} colors, Emacs acts as if |
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915 @var{num} were 0, i.e.@: it uses the terminal's default color support |
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916 mode. |
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917 @end table |
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918 If @var{mode} is omitted, it defaults to @var{ansi8}. |
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919 @end table |
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920 |
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921 For example, to use a coral mouse cursor and a slate blue text cursor, |
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922 enter: |
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|
923 |
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|
924 @example |
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925 emacs -ms coral -cr 'slate blue' & |
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|
926 @end example |
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|
927 |
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928 You can reverse the foreground and background colors through the |
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929 @samp{-rv} option or with the X resource @samp{reverseVideo}. |
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930 |
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931 The @samp{-fg}, @samp{-bg}, and @samp{-rv} options function on |
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932 text-only terminals as well as on window systems. |
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933 |
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934 @node Window Size X |
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935 @appendixsec Options for Window Size and Position |
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936 @cindex geometry of Emacs window |
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937 @cindex position and size of Emacs frame |
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938 @cindex width and height of Emacs frame |
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939 @cindex specifying fullscreen for Emacs frame |
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940 |
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|
941 Here is a list of the command-line options for specifying size and |
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942 position of the initial Emacs frame: |
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943 |
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944 @table @samp |
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945 @item -g @var{width}x@var{height}@r{[@{}+-@r{@}}@var{xoffset}@r{@{}+-@r{@}}@var{yoffset}@r{]]} |
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946 @opindex -g |
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947 Specify the size @var{width} and @var{height} (measured in character |
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948 columns and lines), and positions @var{xoffset} and @var{yoffset} |
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949 (measured in pixels). This applies to all frames. |
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950 |
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951 @item --geometry=@var{width}x@var{height}@r{[@{}+-@r{@}}@var{xoffset}@r{@{}+-@r{@}}@var{yoffset}@r{]]} |
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952 @opindex --geometry |
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953 This is another way of writing the same thing. |
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954 |
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|
955 @item -fs |
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956 @opindex -fs |
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957 @itemx --fullscreen |
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958 @opindex --fullscreen |
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959 @cindex fullscreen, command-line argument |
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960 Specify that width and height shall be the size of the screen. |
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961 |
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962 @item -fh |
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963 @opindex -fh |
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964 @itemx --fullheight |
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965 @opindex --fullheight |
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966 @cindex fullheight, command-line argument |
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967 Specify that the height shall be the height of the screen. |
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968 |
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969 @item -fw |
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970 @opindex -fw |
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971 @itemx --fullwidth |
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972 @opindex --fullwidth |
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973 @cindex fullwidth, command-line argument |
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974 Specify that the width shall be the width of the screen. |
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975 @end table |
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976 |
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977 |
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978 @noindent |
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979 In the @samp{--geometry} option, @code{@r{@{}+-@r{@}}} means either a plus |
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980 sign or a minus sign. A plus |
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981 sign before @var{xoffset} means it is the distance from the left side of |
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982 the screen; a minus sign means it counts from the right side. A plus |
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983 sign before @var{yoffset} means it is the distance from the top of the |
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984 screen, and a minus sign there indicates the distance from the bottom. |
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985 The values @var{xoffset} and @var{yoffset} may themselves be positive or |
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986 negative, but that doesn't change their meaning, only their direction. |
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987 |
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988 Emacs uses the same units as @command{xterm} does to interpret the geometry. |
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989 The @var{width} and @var{height} are measured in characters, so a large font |
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990 creates a larger frame than a small font. (If you specify a proportional |
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991 font, Emacs uses its maximum bounds width as the width unit.) The |
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992 @var{xoffset} and @var{yoffset} are measured in pixels. |
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993 |
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994 You do not have to specify all of the fields in the geometry |
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995 specification. If you omit both @var{xoffset} and @var{yoffset}, the |
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996 window manager decides where to put the Emacs frame, possibly by |
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997 letting you place it with the mouse. For example, @samp{164x55} |
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998 specifies a window 164 columns wide, enough for two ordinary width |
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999 windows side by side, and 55 lines tall. |
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1000 |
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1001 The default width for Emacs is 80 characters and the default height is |
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1002 40 lines. You can omit either the width or the height or both. If |
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1003 you start the geometry with an integer, Emacs interprets it as the |
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1004 width. If you start with an @samp{x} followed by an integer, Emacs |
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1005 interprets it as the height. Thus, @samp{81} specifies just the width; |
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1006 @samp{x45} specifies just the height. |
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1007 |
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1008 If you start with @samp{+} or @samp{-}, that introduces an offset, |
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1009 which means both sizes are omitted. Thus, @samp{-3} specifies the |
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1010 @var{xoffset} only. (If you give just one offset, it is always |
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1011 @var{xoffset}.) @samp{+3-3} specifies both the @var{xoffset} and the |
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1012 @var{yoffset}, placing the frame near the bottom left of the screen. |
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1013 |
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1014 You can specify a default for any or all of the fields in |
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1015 @file{.Xdefaults} file, and then override selected fields with a |
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1016 @samp{--geometry} option. |
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1017 |
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1018 Since the mode line and the echo area occupy the last 2 lines of the |
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1019 frame, the height of the initial text window is 2 less than the height |
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1020 specified in your geometry. In non-X-toolkit versions of Emacs, the |
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1021 menu bar also takes one line of the specified number. But in the X |
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1022 toolkit version, the menu bar is additional and does not count against |
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1023 the specified height. The tool bar, if present, is also additional. |
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1024 |
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1025 Enabling or disabling the menu bar or tool bar alters the amount of |
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1026 space available for ordinary text. Therefore, if Emacs starts up with |
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1027 a tool bar (which is the default), and handles the geometry |
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1028 specification assuming there is a tool bar, and then your |
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1029 @file{~/.emacs} file disables the tool bar, you will end up with a |
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1030 frame geometry different from what you asked for. To get the intended |
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1031 size with no tool bar, use an X resource to specify ``no tool bar'' |
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1032 (@pxref{Table of Resources});then Emacs will already know there's no |
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1033 tool bar when it processes the specified geometry. |
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1034 |
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1035 When using one of @samp{--fullscreen}, @samp{--fullwidth} or |
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1036 @samp{--fullheight} there may be some space around the frame |
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1037 anyway. That is because Emacs rounds the sizes so they are an |
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1038 even number of character heights and widths. |
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1039 |
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1040 Some window managers have options that can make them ignore both |
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1041 program-specified and user-specified positions (sawfish is one). |
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1042 If these are set, Emacs fails to position the window correctly. |
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1043 |
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1044 @node Borders X |
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1045 @appendixsec Internal and External Borders |
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1046 @cindex borders (X Window System) |
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1047 |
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1048 An Emacs frame has an internal border and an external border. The |
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1049 internal border is an extra strip of the background color around the |
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1050 text portion of the frame. Emacs itself draws the internal border. |
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1051 The external border is added by the window manager outside the frame; |
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1052 depending on the window manager you use, it may contain various boxes |
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1053 you can click on to move or iconify the window. |
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1054 |
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1055 @table @samp |
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1056 @item -ib @var{width} |
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1057 @opindex -ib |
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1058 @itemx --internal-border=@var{width} |
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1059 @opindex --internal-border |
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1060 @cindex border width, command-line argument |
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1061 Specify @var{width} as the width of the internal border, in pixels. |
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1062 |
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1063 @item -bw @var{width} |
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1064 @opindex -bw |
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1065 @itemx --border-width=@var{width} |
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1066 @opindex --border-width |
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1067 Specify @var{width} as the width of the main border, in pixels. |
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1068 @end table |
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1069 |
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1070 When you specify the size of the frame, that does not count the |
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1071 borders. The frame's position is measured from the outside edge of the |
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1072 external border. |
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1073 |
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1074 Use the @samp{-ib @var{n}} option to specify an internal border |
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1075 @var{n} pixels wide. The default is 1. Use @samp{-bw @var{n}} to |
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1076 specify the width of the external border (though the window manager may |
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1077 not pay attention to what you specify). The default width of the |
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1078 external border is 2. |
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1079 |
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1080 @node Title X |
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1081 @appendixsec Frame Titles |
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1082 |
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1083 An Emacs frame may or may not have a specified title. The frame |
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1084 title, if specified, appears in window decorations and icons as the |
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1085 name of the frame. If an Emacs frame has no specified title, the |
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1086 default title has the form @samp{@var{invocation-name}@@@var{machine}} |
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1087 (if there is only one frame) or the selected window's buffer name (if |
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1088 there is more than one frame). |
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1089 |
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1090 You can specify a title for the initial Emacs frame with a command |
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1091 line option: |
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1092 |
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1093 @table @samp |
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1094 @item -title @var{title} |
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1095 @opindex --title |
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1096 @itemx --title=@var{title} |
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1097 @itemx -T @var{title} |
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1098 @opindex -T |
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1099 @cindex frame title, command-line argument |
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1100 Specify @var{title} as the title for the initial Emacs frame. |
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1101 @end table |
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1102 |
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1103 The @samp{--name} option (@pxref{Resources}) also specifies the title |
41369
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1104 for the initial Emacs frame. |
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1105 |
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1106 @node Icons X |
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1107 @appendixsec Icons |
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1108 @cindex icons (X Window System) |
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1109 |
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1110 Most window managers allow the user to ``iconify'' a frame, removing |
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1111 it from sight, and leaving a small, distinctive ``icon'' window in its |
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1112 place. Clicking on the icon window makes the frame itself appear again. |
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1113 If you have many clients running at once, you can avoid cluttering up |
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1114 the screen by iconifying most of the clients. |
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1115 |
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1116 @table @samp |
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1117 @item -i |
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1118 @opindex -i |
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1119 @itemx --icon-type |
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1120 @opindex --icon-type |
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1121 @cindex Emacs icon, a gnu |
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1122 Use a picture of a gnu as the Emacs icon. |
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1123 |
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1124 @item -iconic |
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1125 @opindex --iconic |
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1126 @itemx --iconic |
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1127 @cindex start iconified, command-line argument |
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1128 Start Emacs in iconified state. |
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1129 @end table |
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1130 |
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1131 The @samp{-i} or @samp{--icon-type} option tells Emacs to use an icon |
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1132 window containing a picture of the GNU gnu. If omitted, Emacs lets the |
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1133 window manager choose what sort of icon to use---usually just a small |
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1134 rectangle containing the frame's title. |
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1135 |
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1136 The @samp{-iconic} option tells Emacs to begin running as an icon, |
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1137 rather than showing a frame right away. In this situation, the icon |
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1138 is the only indication that Emacs has started; the text frame doesn't |
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1139 appear until you deiconify it. |
52401 | 1140 |
1141 @ignore | |
1142 arch-tag: fffecd9e-7329-4a51-a3cc-dd4a9889340e | |
1143 @end ignore |