Mercurial > emacs
annotate etc/tutorials/TUTORIAL @ 110981:dbe481657418
* README: Updates.
author | Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org> |
---|---|
date | Mon, 11 Oct 2010 20:47:36 -0700 |
parents | 1d1d5d9bd884 |
children | bd12e9f7bf79 376148b31b5e |
rev | line source |
---|---|
82707
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1 Emacs tutorial. See end for copying conditions. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3 Emacs commands generally involve the CONTROL key (sometimes labeled |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4 CTRL or CTL) or the META key (sometimes labeled EDIT or ALT). Rather than |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
5 write that in full each time, we'll use the following abbreviations: |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
6 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
7 C-<chr> means hold the CONTROL key while typing the character <chr> |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
8 Thus, C-f would be: hold the CONTROL key and type f. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
9 M-<chr> means hold the META or EDIT or ALT key down while typing <chr>. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
10 If there is no META, EDIT or ALT key, instead press and release the |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
11 ESC key and then type <chr>. We write <ESC> for the ESC key. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
12 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
13 Important note: to end the Emacs session, type C-x C-c. (Two characters.) |
96818
043230d6aac3
Add information about C-g to the introduction.
Juri Linkov <juri@jurta.org>
parents:
95007
diff
changeset
|
14 To quit a partially entered command, type C-g. |
82707
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
15 The characters ">>" at the left margin indicate directions for you to |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
16 try using a command. For instance: |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
17 <<Blank lines inserted around following line by help-with-tutorial>> |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
18 [Middle of page left blank for didactic purposes. Text continues below] |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
19 >> Now type C-v (View next screen) to move to the next screen. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
20 (go ahead, do it by holding down the CONTROL key while typing v). |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
21 From now on, you should do this again whenever you finish |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
22 reading the screen. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
23 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
24 Note that there is an overlap of two lines when you move from screen |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
25 to screen; this provides some continuity so you can continue reading |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
26 the text. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
27 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
28 The first thing that you need to know is how to move around from place |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
29 to place in the text. You already know how to move forward one screen, |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
30 with C-v. To move backwards one screen, type M-v (hold down the META key |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
31 and type v, or type <ESC>v if you do not have a META, EDIT, or ALT key). |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
32 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
33 >> Try typing M-v and then C-v, a few times. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
34 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
35 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
36 * SUMMARY |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
37 --------- |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
38 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
39 The following commands are useful for viewing screenfuls: |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
40 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
41 C-v Move forward one screenful |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
42 M-v Move backward one screenful |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
43 C-l Clear screen and redisplay all the text, |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
44 moving the text around the cursor |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
45 to the center of the screen. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
46 (That's CONTROL-L, not CONTROL-1.) |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
47 |
103765
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
48 >> Find the cursor, and note what text is near it. Then type C-l. |
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
49 Find the cursor again and notice that the same text is still near |
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
50 the cursor, but now it is in the center of the screen. |
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
51 If you press C-l again, this piece of text will move to the top of |
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
52 the screen. Press C-l again, and it moves to the bottom. |
82707
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
53 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
54 You can also use the PageUp and PageDn keys to move by screenfuls, if |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
55 your terminal has them, but you can edit more efficiently if you use |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
56 C-v and M-v. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
57 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
58 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
59 * BASIC CURSOR CONTROL |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
60 ---------------------- |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
61 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
62 Moving from screenful to screenful is useful, but how do you |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
63 move to a specific place within the text on the screen? |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
64 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
65 There are several ways you can do this. You can use the arrow keys, |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
66 but it's more efficient to keep your hands in the standard position |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
67 and use the commands C-p, C-b, C-f, and C-n. These characters |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
68 are equivalent to the four arrow keys, like this: |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
69 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
70 Previous line, C-p |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
71 : |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
72 : |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
73 Backward, C-b .... Current cursor position .... Forward, C-f |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
74 : |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
75 : |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
76 Next line, C-n |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
77 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
78 >> Move the cursor to the line in the middle of that diagram |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
79 using C-n or C-p. Then type C-l to see the whole diagram |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
80 centered in the screen. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
81 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
82 You'll find it easy to remember these letters by words they stand for: |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
83 P for previous, N for next, B for backward and F for forward. You |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
84 will be using these basic cursor positioning commands all the time. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
85 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
86 >> Do a few C-n's to bring the cursor down to this line. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
87 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
88 >> Move into the line with C-f's and then up with C-p's. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
89 See what C-p does when the cursor is in the middle of the line. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
90 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
91 Each line of text ends with a Newline character, which serves to |
103765
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
92 separate it from the following line. (Normally, the last line in |
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
93 a file will have a Newline at the end, but Emacs does not require it.) |
82707
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
94 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
95 >> Try to C-b at the beginning of a line. It should move to |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
96 the end of the previous line. This is because it moves back |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
97 across the Newline character. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
98 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
99 C-f can move across a Newline just like C-b. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
100 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
101 >> Do a few more C-b's, so you get a feel for where the cursor is. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
102 Then do C-f's to return to the end of the line. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
103 Then do one more C-f to move to the following line. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
104 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
105 When you move past the top or bottom of the screen, the text beyond |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
106 the edge shifts onto the screen. This is called "scrolling". It |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
107 enables Emacs to move the cursor to the specified place in the text |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
108 without moving it off the screen. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
109 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
110 >> Try to move the cursor off the bottom of the screen with C-n, and |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
111 see what happens. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
112 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
113 If moving by characters is too slow, you can move by words. M-f |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
114 (META-f) moves forward a word and M-b moves back a word. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
115 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
116 >> Type a few M-f's and M-b's. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
117 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
118 When you are in the middle of a word, M-f moves to the end of the word. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
119 When you are in whitespace between words, M-f moves to the end of the |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
120 following word. M-b works likewise in the opposite direction. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
121 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
122 >> Type M-f and M-b a few times, interspersed with C-f's and C-b's |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
123 so that you can observe the action of M-f and M-b from various |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
124 places inside and between words. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
125 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
126 Notice the parallel between C-f and C-b on the one hand, and M-f and |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
127 M-b on the other hand. Very often Meta characters are used for |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
128 operations related to the units defined by language (words, sentences, |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
129 paragraphs), while Control characters operate on basic units that are |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
130 independent of what you are editing (characters, lines, etc). |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
131 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
132 This parallel applies between lines and sentences: C-a and C-e move to |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
133 the beginning or end of a line, and M-a and M-e move to the beginning |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
134 or end of a sentence. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
135 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
136 >> Try a couple of C-a's, and then a couple of C-e's. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
137 Try a couple of M-a's, and then a couple of M-e's. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
138 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
139 See how repeated C-a's do nothing, but repeated M-a's keep moving one |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
140 more sentence. Although these are not quite analogous, each one seems |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
141 natural. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
142 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
143 The location of the cursor in the text is also called "point". To |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
144 paraphrase, the cursor shows on the screen where point is located in |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
145 the text. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
146 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
147 Here is a summary of simple cursor-moving operations, including the |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
148 word and sentence moving commands: |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
149 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
150 C-f Move forward a character |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
151 C-b Move backward a character |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
152 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
153 M-f Move forward a word |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
154 M-b Move backward a word |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
155 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
156 C-n Move to next line |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
157 C-p Move to previous line |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
158 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
159 C-a Move to beginning of line |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
160 C-e Move to end of line |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
161 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
162 M-a Move back to beginning of sentence |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
163 M-e Move forward to end of sentence |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
164 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
165 >> Try all of these commands now a few times for practice. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
166 These are the most often used commands. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
167 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
168 Two other important cursor motion commands are M-< (META Less-than), |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
169 which moves to the beginning of the whole text, and M-> (META |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
170 Greater-than), which moves to the end of the whole text. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
171 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
172 On most terminals, the "<" is above the comma, so you must use the |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
173 shift key to type it. On these terminals you must use the shift key |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
174 to type M-< also; without the shift key, you would be typing M-comma. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
175 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
176 >> Try M-< now, to move to the beginning of the tutorial. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
177 Then use C-v repeatedly to move back here. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
178 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
179 >> Try M-> now, to move to the end of the tutorial. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
180 Then use M-v repeatedly to move back here. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
181 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
182 You can also move the cursor with the arrow keys, if your terminal has |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
183 arrow keys. We recommend learning C-b, C-f, C-n and C-p for three |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
184 reasons. First, they work on all kinds of terminals. Second, once |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
185 you gain practice at using Emacs, you will find that typing these Control |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
186 characters is faster than typing the arrow keys (because you do not |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
187 have to move your hands away from touch-typing position). Third, once |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
188 you form the habit of using these Control character commands, you can |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
189 easily learn to use other advanced cursor motion commands as well. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
190 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
191 Most Emacs commands accept a numeric argument; for most commands, this |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
192 serves as a repeat-count. The way you give a command a repeat count |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
193 is by typing C-u and then the digits before you type the command. If |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
194 you have a META (or EDIT or ALT) key, there is another, alternative way |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
195 to enter a numeric argument: type the digits while holding down the |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
196 META key. We recommend learning the C-u method because it works on |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
197 any terminal. The numeric argument is also called a "prefix argument", |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
198 because you type the argument before the command it applies to. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
199 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
200 For instance, C-u 8 C-f moves forward eight characters. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
201 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
202 >> Try using C-n or C-p with a numeric argument, to move the cursor |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
203 to a line near this one with just one command. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
204 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
205 Most commands use the numeric argument as a repeat count, but some |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
206 commands use it in some other way. Several commands (but none of |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
207 those you have learned so far) use it as a flag--the presence of a |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
208 prefix argument, regardless of its value, makes the command do |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
209 something different. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
210 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
211 C-v and M-v are another kind of exception. When given an argument, |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
212 they scroll the screen up or down by that many lines, rather than by a |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
213 screenful. For example, C-u 8 C-v scrolls the screen by 8 lines. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
214 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
215 >> Try typing C-u 8 C-v now. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
216 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
217 This should have scrolled the screen up by 8 lines. If you would like |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
218 to scroll it down again, you can give an argument to M-v. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
219 |
103765
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
220 If you are using a windowed display, such as X or MS-Windows, there |
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
221 should be a tall rectangular area called a scroll bar on one side of |
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
222 the Emacs window. (There are other tall rectangles on either side of |
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
223 the Emacs display. These "fringes" are used for displaying |
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
224 continuation characters and other symbols. The scroll bar appears on |
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
225 only one side, and is the outermost column on that side.) |
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
226 You can scroll the text by clicking the mouse in the scroll bar. |
82707
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
227 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
228 >> Try pressing the middle button at the top of the highlighted area |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
229 within the scroll bar. This should scroll the text to a position |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
230 determined by how high or low you click. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
231 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
232 >> Try moving the mouse up and down, while holding the middle button |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
233 pressed down. You'll see that the text scrolls up and down as |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
234 you move the mouse. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
235 |
103765
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
236 If your mouse has a wheel button, you can also use this to scroll. |
82707
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
237 |
103765
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
238 |
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
239 * IF EMACS STOPS RESPONDING |
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
240 --------------------------- |
82707
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
241 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
242 If Emacs stops responding to your commands, you can stop it safely by |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
243 typing C-g. You can use C-g to stop a command which is taking too |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
244 long to execute. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
245 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
246 You can also use C-g to discard a numeric argument or the beginning of |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
247 a command that you do not want to finish. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
248 |
103765
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
249 >> Type C-u 100 to make a numeric argument of 100, then type C-g. |
82707
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
250 Now type C-f. It should move just one character, |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
251 because you canceled the argument with C-g. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
252 |
103765
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
253 If you have typed an <ESC> by mistake, you can get rid of it with a C-g. |
82707
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
254 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
255 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
256 * DISABLED COMMANDS |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
257 ------------------- |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
258 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
259 Some Emacs commands are "disabled" so that beginning users cannot use |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
260 them by accident. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
261 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
262 If you type one of the disabled commands, Emacs displays a message |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
263 saying what the command was, and asking you whether you want to go |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
264 ahead and execute the command. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
265 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
266 If you really want to try the command, type <SPC> (the Space bar) in |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
267 answer to the question. Normally, if you do not want to execute the |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
268 disabled command, answer the question with "n". |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
269 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
270 >> Type C-x C-l (which is a disabled command), |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
271 then type n to answer the question. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
272 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
273 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
274 * WINDOWS |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
275 --------- |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
276 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
277 Emacs can have several windows, each displaying its own text. We will |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
278 explain later on how to use multiple windows. Right now we want to |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
279 explain how to get rid of extra windows and go back to basic |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
280 one-window editing. It is simple: |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
281 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
282 C-x 1 One window (i.e., kill all other windows). |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
283 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
284 That is CONTROL-x followed by the digit 1. C-x 1 expands the window |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
285 which contains the cursor, to occupy the full screen. It deletes all |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
286 other windows. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
287 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
288 >> Move the cursor to this line and type C-u 0 C-l. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
289 >> Type CONTROL-h k CONTROL-f. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
290 See how this window shrinks, while a new one appears |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
291 to display documentation on the CONTROL-f command. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
292 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
293 >> Type C-x 1 and see the documentation listing window disappear. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
294 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
295 This command is unlike the other commands you have learned in that it |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
296 consists of two characters. It starts with the character CONTROL-x. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
297 There is a whole series of commands that start with CONTROL-x; many of |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
298 them have to do with windows, files, buffers, and related things. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
299 These commands are two, three or four characters long. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
300 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
301 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
302 * INSERTING AND DELETING |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
303 ------------------------ |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
304 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
305 If you want to insert text, just type the text. Characters which you |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
306 can see, such as A, 7, *, etc. are taken by Emacs as text and inserted |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
307 immediately. Type <Return> (the carriage-return key) to insert a |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
308 Newline character. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
309 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
310 You can delete the last character you typed by typing <Delback>. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
311 <Delback> is a key on the keyboard--the same one you normally use, |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
312 outside Emacs, for deleting the last character you typed. It is |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
313 normally a large key a couple of lines up from the <Return> key, and |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
314 it is usually labeled "Delete", "Del" or "Backspace". |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
315 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
316 If the large key there is labeled "Backspace", then that's the one you |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
317 use for <Delback>. There may also be another key labeled "Delete" |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
318 somewhere else, but that's not <Delback>. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
319 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
320 More generally, <Delback> deletes the character immediately before the |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
321 current cursor position. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
322 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
323 >> Do this now--type a few characters, then delete them |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
324 by typing <Delback> a few times. Don't worry about this file |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
325 being changed; you will not alter the master tutorial. This is |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
326 your personal copy of it. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
327 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
328 When a line of text gets too big for one line on the screen, the line |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
329 of text is "continued" onto a second screen line. A backslash ("\") |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
330 (or, if you're using a windowed display, a little curved arrow) at the |
103765
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
331 right margin (actually, in the right "fringe") indicates a line which |
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
332 has been continued. |
82707
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
333 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
334 >> Insert text until you reach the right margin, and keep on inserting. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
335 You'll see a continuation line appear. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
336 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
337 >> Use <Delback>s to delete the text until the line fits on one screen |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
338 line again. The continuation line goes away. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
339 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
340 You can delete a Newline character just like any other character. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
341 Deleting the Newline character between two lines merges them into |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
342 one line. If the resulting combined line is too long to fit in the |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
343 screen width, it will be displayed with a continuation line. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
344 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
345 >> Move the cursor to the beginning of a line and type <Delback>. This |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
346 merges that line with the previous line. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
347 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
348 >> Type <Return> to reinsert the Newline you deleted. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
349 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
350 Remember that most Emacs commands can be given a repeat count; |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
351 this includes text characters. Repeating a text character inserts |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
352 it several times. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
353 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
354 >> Try that now -- type C-u 8 * to insert ********. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
355 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
356 You've now learned the most basic way of typing something in |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
357 Emacs and correcting errors. You can delete by words or lines |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
358 as well. Here is a summary of the delete operations: |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
359 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
360 <Delback> Delete the character just before the cursor |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
361 C-d Delete the next character after the cursor |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
362 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
363 M-<Delback> Kill the word immediately before the cursor |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
364 M-d Kill the next word after the cursor |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
365 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
366 C-k Kill from the cursor position to end of line |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
367 M-k Kill to the end of the current sentence |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
368 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
369 Notice that <Delback> and C-d vs M-<Delback> and M-d extend the parallel |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
370 started by C-f and M-f (well, <Delback> is not really a control |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
371 character, but let's not worry about that). C-k and M-k are like C-e |
103765
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
372 and M-e, sort of, in that lines are paired with sentences. |
82707
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
373 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
374 You can also kill any part of the text with one uniform method. Move |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
375 to one end of that part, and type C-@ or C-<SPC> (either one). (<SPC> |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
376 is the Space bar.) Move to the other end of that part, and type C-w. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
377 That kills all the text between the two positions. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
378 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
379 >> Move the cursor to the Y at the start of the previous paragraph. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
380 >> Type C-<SPC>. Emacs should display a message "Mark set" |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
381 at the bottom of the screen. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
382 >> Move the cursor to the n in "end", on the second line of the |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
383 paragraph. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
384 >> Type C-w. This will kill the text starting from the Y, |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
385 and ending just before the n. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
386 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
387 The difference between "killing" and "deleting" is that "killed" text |
103765
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
388 can be reinserted (at any position), whereas "deleted" things cannot |
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
389 be reinserted in this way (you can, however, undo a deletion--see below). |
82707
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
390 Reinsertion of killed text is called "yanking". Generally, the |
103765
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
391 commands that can remove a lot of text kill the text (they are set up so |
82707
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
392 that you can yank the text), while the commands that remove just one |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
393 character, or only remove blank lines and spaces, do deletion (so you |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
394 cannot yank that text). <Delback> and C-d do deletion in the simplest |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
395 case, with no argument. When given an argument, they kill instead. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
396 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
397 >> Move the cursor to the beginning of a line which is not empty. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
398 Then type C-k to kill the text on that line. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
399 >> Type C-k a second time. You'll see that it kills the Newline |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
400 which follows that line. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
401 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
402 Note that a single C-k kills the contents of the line, and a second |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
403 C-k kills the line itself, and makes all the other lines move up. C-k |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
404 treats a numeric argument specially: it kills that many lines AND |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
405 their contents. This is not mere repetition. C-u 2 C-k kills two |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
406 lines and their newlines; typing C-k twice would not do that. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
407 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
408 Bringing back killed text is called "yanking". (Think of it as |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
409 yanking back, or pulling back, some text that was taken away.) You |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
410 can yank the killed text either at the same place where it was killed, |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
411 or at some other place in the text you are editing, or even in a |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
412 different file. You can yank the same text several times; that makes |
103765
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
413 multiple copies of it. Some other editors call killing and yanking |
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
414 "cutting" and "pasting" (see the Glossary in the Emacs manual). |
82707
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
415 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
416 The command for yanking is C-y. It reinserts the last killed text, |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
417 at the current cursor position. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
418 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
419 >> Try it; type C-y to yank the text back. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
420 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
421 If you do several C-k's in a row, all of the killed text is saved |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
422 together, so that one C-y will yank all of the lines at once. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
423 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
424 >> Do this now, type C-k several times. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
425 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
426 Now to retrieve that killed text: |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
427 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
428 >> Type C-y. Then move the cursor down a few lines and type C-y |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
429 again. You now see how to copy some text. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
430 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
431 What do you do if you have some text you want to yank back, and then |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
432 you kill something else? C-y would yank the more recent kill. But |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
433 the previous text is not lost. You can get back to it using the M-y |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
434 command. After you have done C-y to get the most recent kill, typing |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
435 M-y replaces that yanked text with the previous kill. Typing M-y |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
436 again and again brings in earlier and earlier kills. When you have |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
437 reached the text you are looking for, you do not have to do anything to |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
438 keep it. Just go on with your editing, leaving the yanked text where |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
439 it is. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
440 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
441 If you M-y enough times, you come back to the starting point (the most |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
442 recent kill). |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
443 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
444 >> Kill a line, move around, kill another line. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
445 Then do C-y to get back the second killed line. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
446 Then do M-y and it will be replaced by the first killed line. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
447 Do more M-y's and see what you get. Keep doing them until |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
448 the second kill line comes back, and then a few more. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
449 If you like, you can try giving M-y positive and negative |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
450 arguments. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
451 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
452 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
453 * UNDO |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
454 ------ |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
455 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
456 If you make a change to the text, and then decide that it was a |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
457 mistake, you can undo the change with the undo command, C-x u. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
458 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
459 Normally, C-x u undoes the changes made by one command; if you repeat |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
460 the C-x u several times in a row, each repetition undoes one |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
461 additional command. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
462 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
463 But there are two exceptions: commands that do not change the text do |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
464 not count (this includes cursor motion commands and scrolling |
103765
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
465 commands), and self-inserting characters are usually handled in groups |
82707
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
466 of up to 20. (This is to reduce the number of C-x u's you have to |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
467 type to undo insertion of text.) |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
468 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
469 >> Kill this line with C-k, then type C-x u and it should reappear. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
470 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
471 C-_ is an alternative undo command; it works just the same as C-x u, |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
472 but it is easier to type several times in a row. The disadvantage of |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
473 C-_ is that on some keyboards it is not obvious how to type it. That |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
474 is why we provide C-x u as well. On some terminals, you can type C-_ |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
475 by typing / while holding down CONTROL. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
476 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
477 A numeric argument to C-_ or C-x u acts as a repeat count. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
478 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
479 You can undo deletion of text just as you can undo killing of text. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
480 The distinction between killing something and deleting it affects |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
481 whether you can yank it with C-y; it makes no difference for undo. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
482 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
483 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
484 * FILES |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
485 ------- |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
486 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
487 In order to make the text you edit permanent, you must put it in a |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
488 file. Otherwise, it will go away when your invocation of Emacs goes |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
489 away. In order to put your text in a file, you must "find" the file |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
490 before you enter the text. (This is also called "visiting" the file.) |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
491 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
492 Finding a file means that you see the contents of the file within |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
493 Emacs. In many ways, it is as if you were editing the file itself. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
494 However, the changes you make using Emacs do not become permanent |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
495 until you "save" the file. This is so you can avoid leaving a |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
496 half-changed file on the system when you do not want to. Even when |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
497 you save, Emacs leaves the original file under a changed name in case |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
498 you later decide that your changes were a mistake. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
499 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
500 If you look near the bottom of the screen you will see a line that |
103765
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
501 begins and ends with dashes, and starts with "--:--- TUTORIAL" or |
82707
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
502 something like that. This part of the screen normally shows the name |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
503 of the file that you are visiting. Right now, you are visiting a file |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
504 called "TUTORIAL" which is your personal scratch copy of the Emacs |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
505 tutorial. When you find a file with Emacs, that file's name will |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
506 appear in that precise spot. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
507 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
508 One special thing about the command for finding a file is that you |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
509 have to say what file name you want. We say the command "reads an |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
510 argument from the terminal" (in this case, the argument is the name of |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
511 the file). After you type the command |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
512 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
513 C-x C-f Find a file |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
514 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
515 Emacs asks you to type the file name. The file name you type appears |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
516 on the bottom line of the screen. The bottom line is called the |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
517 minibuffer when it is used for this sort of input. You can use |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
518 ordinary Emacs editing commands to edit the file name. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
519 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
520 While you are entering the file name (or any minibuffer input), |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
521 you can cancel the command with C-g. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
522 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
523 >> Type C-x C-f, then type C-g. This cancels the minibuffer, |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
524 and also cancels the C-x C-f command that was using the |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
525 minibuffer. So you do not find any file. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
526 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
527 When you have finished entering the file name, type <Return> to |
103765
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
528 terminate it. The C-x C-f command goes to work, and finds the file |
82707
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
529 you chose. The minibuffer disappears when the C-x C-f command is |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
530 finished. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
531 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
532 In a little while the file contents appear on the screen, and you can |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
533 edit the contents. When you wish to make your changes permanent, |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
534 type the command |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
535 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
536 C-x C-s Save the file |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
537 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
538 This copies the text within Emacs into the file. The first time you |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
539 do this, Emacs renames the original file to a new name so that it is |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
540 not lost. The new name is made by adding "~" to the end of the |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
541 original file's name. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
542 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
543 When saving is finished, Emacs displays the name of the file written. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
544 You should save fairly often, so that you will not lose very much |
103765
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
545 work if the system should crash (see the section "Auto Save" below). |
82707
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
546 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
547 >> Type C-x C-s, saving your copy of the tutorial. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
548 This should show "Wrote ...TUTORIAL" at the bottom of the screen. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
549 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
550 You can find an existing file, to view it or edit it. You can also |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
551 find a file which does not already exist. This is the way to create a |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
552 file with Emacs: find the file, which will start out empty, and then |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
553 begin inserting the text for the file. When you ask to "save" the |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
554 file, Emacs will really create the file with the text that you have |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
555 inserted. From then on, you can consider yourself to be editing an |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
556 already existing file. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
557 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
558 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
559 * BUFFERS |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
560 --------- |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
561 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
562 If you find a second file with C-x C-f, the first file remains |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
563 inside Emacs. You can switch back to it by finding it again with |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
564 C-x C-f. This way you can get quite a number of files inside Emacs. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
565 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
566 >> Create a file named "foo" by typing C-x C-f foo <Return>. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
567 Then insert some text, edit it, and save "foo" by typing C-x C-s. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
568 Finally, type C-x C-f TUTORIAL <Return> |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
569 to come back to the tutorial. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
570 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
571 Emacs stores each file's text inside an object called a "buffer". |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
572 Finding a file makes a new buffer inside Emacs. To see a list of the |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
573 buffers that currently exist in your Emacs job, type |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
574 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
575 C-x C-b List buffers |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
576 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
577 >> Try C-x C-b now. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
578 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
579 See how each buffer has a name, and it may also have a file name for |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
580 the file whose contents it holds. ANY text you see in an Emacs window |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
581 is always part of some buffer. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
582 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
583 >> Type C-x 1 to get rid of the buffer list. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
584 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
585 When you have several buffers, only one of them is "current" at any |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
586 time. That buffer is the one you edit. If you want to edit another |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
587 buffer, you need to "switch" to it. If you want to switch to a buffer |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
588 that corresponds to a file, you can do it by visiting the file again |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
589 with C-x C-f. But there is an easier way: use the C-x b command. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
590 In that command, you have to type the buffer's name. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
591 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
592 >> Type C-x b foo <Return> to go back to the buffer "foo" which holds |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
593 the text of the file "foo". Then type C-x b TUTORIAL <Return> |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
594 to come back to this tutorial. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
595 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
596 Most of the time, the buffer's name is the same as the file name |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
597 (without the file directory part). However, this is not always true. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
598 The buffer list you make with C-x C-b always shows you the name of |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
599 every buffer. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
600 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
601 ANY text you see in an Emacs window is always part of some buffer. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
602 Some buffers do not correspond to files. For example, the buffer |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
603 named "*Buffer List*" does not have any file. It is the buffer which |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
604 contains the buffer list that you made with C-x C-b. The buffer named |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
605 "*Messages*" also does not correspond to any file; it contains the |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
606 messages that have appeared on the bottom line during your Emacs |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
607 session. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
608 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
609 >> Type C-x b *Messages* <Return> to look at the buffer of messages. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
610 Then type C-x b TUTORIAL <Return> to come back to this tutorial. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
611 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
612 If you make changes to the text of one file, then find another file, |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
613 this does not save the first file. Its changes remain inside Emacs, |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
614 in that file's buffer. The creation or editing of the second file's |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
615 buffer has no effect on the first file's buffer. This is very useful, |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
616 but it also means that you need a convenient way to save the first |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
617 file's buffer. It would be a nuisance to have to switch back to |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
618 it with C-x C-f in order to save it with C-x C-s. So we have |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
619 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
620 C-x s Save some buffers |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
621 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
622 C-x s asks you about each buffer which contains changes that you have |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
623 not saved. It asks you, for each such buffer, whether to save the |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
624 buffer. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
625 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
626 >> Insert a line of text, then type C-x s. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
627 It should ask you whether to save the buffer named TUTORIAL. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
628 Answer yes to the question by typing "y". |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
629 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
630 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
631 * EXTENDING THE COMMAND SET |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
632 --------------------------- |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
633 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
634 There are many, many more Emacs commands than could possibly be put |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
635 on all the control and meta characters. Emacs gets around this with |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
636 the X (eXtend) command. This comes in two flavors: |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
637 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
638 C-x Character eXtend. Followed by one character. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
639 M-x Named command eXtend. Followed by a long name. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
640 |
103765
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
641 These are commands that are generally useful but are used less than the |
82707
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
642 commands you have already learned about. You have already seen a few |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
643 of them: the file commands C-x C-f to Find and C-x C-s to Save, for |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
644 example. Another example is the command to end the Emacs |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
645 session--this is the command C-x C-c. (Do not worry about losing |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
646 changes you have made; C-x C-c offers to save each changed file before |
103765
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
647 it kills Emacs.) |
82707
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
648 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
649 If you are using a graphical display that supports multiple |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
650 applications in parallel, you don't need any special command to move |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
651 from Emacs to another application. You can do this with the mouse or |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
652 with window manager commands. However, if you're using a text |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
653 terminal which can only show one application at a time, you need to |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
654 "suspend" Emacs to move to any other program. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
655 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
656 C-z is the command to exit Emacs *temporarily*--so that you can go |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
657 back to the same Emacs session afterward. When Emacs is running on a |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
658 text terminal, C-z "suspends" Emacs; that is, it returns to the shell |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
659 but does not destroy the Emacs. In the most common shells, you can |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
660 resume Emacs with the `fg' command or with `%emacs'. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
661 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
662 The time to use C-x C-c is when you are about to log out. It's also |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
663 the right thing to use to exit an Emacs invoked under mail handling |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
664 programs and other miscellaneous utilities, since they may not know |
103765
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
665 how to cope with suspension of Emacs. |
82707
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
666 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
667 There are many C-x commands. Here is a list of the ones you have learned: |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
668 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
669 C-x C-f Find file |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
670 C-x C-s Save file |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
671 C-x s Save some buffers |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
672 C-x C-b List buffers |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
673 C-x b Switch buffer |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
674 C-x C-c Quit Emacs |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
675 C-x 1 Delete all but one window |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
676 C-x u Undo |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
677 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
678 Named eXtended commands are commands which are used even less |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
679 frequently, or commands which are used only in certain modes. An |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
680 example is the command replace-string, which globally replaces one |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
681 string with another. When you type M-x, Emacs prompts you at the |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
682 bottom of the screen with M-x and you should type the name of the |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
683 command; in this case, "replace-string". Just type "repl s<TAB>" and |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
684 Emacs will complete the name. (<TAB> is the Tab key, usually found |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
685 above the CapsLock or Shift key near the left edge of the keyboard.) |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
686 End the command name with <Return>. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
687 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
688 The replace-string command requires two arguments--the string to be |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
689 replaced, and the string to replace it with. You must end each |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
690 argument with <Return>. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
691 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
692 >> Move the cursor to the blank line two lines below this one. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
693 Then type M-x repl s<Return>changed<Return>altered<Return>. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
694 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
695 Notice how this line has changed: you've replaced |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
696 the word c-h-a-n-g-e-d with "altered" wherever it occurred, |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
697 after the initial position of the cursor. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
698 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
699 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
700 * AUTO SAVE |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
701 ----------- |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
702 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
703 When you have made changes in a file, but you have not saved them yet, |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
704 they could be lost if your computer crashes. To protect you from |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
705 this, Emacs periodically writes an "auto save" file for each file that |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
706 you are editing. The auto save file name has a # at the beginning and |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
707 the end; for example, if your file is named "hello.c", its auto save |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
708 file's name is "#hello.c#". When you save the file in the normal way, |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
709 Emacs deletes its auto save file. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
710 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
711 If the computer crashes, you can recover your auto-saved editing by |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
712 finding the file normally (the file you were editing, not the auto |
103765
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
713 save file) and then typing M-x recover-file <Return>. When it asks for |
82707
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
714 confirmation, type yes<Return> to go ahead and recover the auto-save |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
715 data. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
716 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
717 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
718 * ECHO AREA |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
719 ----------- |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
720 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
721 If Emacs sees that you are typing multicharacter commands slowly, it |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
722 shows them to you at the bottom of the screen in an area called the |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
723 "echo area". The echo area contains the bottom line of the screen. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
724 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
725 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
726 * MODE LINE |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
727 ----------- |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
728 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
729 The line immediately above the echo area is called the "mode line". |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
730 The mode line says something like this: |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
731 |
103765
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
732 --:**- TUTORIAL 63% L749 (Fundamental)----------------------- |
82707
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
733 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
734 This line gives useful information about the status of Emacs and |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
735 the text you are editing. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
736 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
737 You already know what the filename means--it is the file you have |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
738 found. NN% indicates your current position in the text; it means that |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
739 NN percent of the text is above the top of the screen. If the top of |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
740 the file is on the screen, it will say "Top" instead of " 0%". If the |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
741 bottom of the text is on the screen, it will say "Bot". If you are |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
742 looking at text so small that all of it fits on the screen, the mode |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
743 line says "All". |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
744 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
745 The L and digits indicate position in another way: they give the |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
746 current line number of point. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
747 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
748 The stars near the front mean that you have made changes to the text. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
749 Right after you visit or save a file, that part of the mode line shows |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
750 no stars, just dashes. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
751 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
752 The part of the mode line inside the parentheses is to tell you what |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
753 editing modes you are in. The default mode is Fundamental which is |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
754 what you are using now. It is an example of a "major mode". |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
755 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
756 Emacs has many different major modes. Some of them are meant for |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
757 editing different languages and/or kinds of text, such as Lisp mode, |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
758 Text mode, etc. At any time one and only one major mode is active, |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
759 and its name can always be found in the mode line just where |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
760 "Fundamental" is now. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
761 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
762 Each major mode makes a few commands behave differently. For example, |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
763 there are commands for creating comments in a program, and since each |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
764 programming language has a different idea of what a comment should |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
765 look like, each major mode has to insert comments differently. Each |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
766 major mode is the name of an extended command, which is how you can |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
767 switch to that mode. For example, M-x fundamental-mode is a command to |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
768 switch to Fundamental mode. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
769 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
770 If you are going to be editing human-language text, such as this file, you |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
771 should probably use Text Mode. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
772 |
103765
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
773 >> Type M-x text-mode <Return>. |
82707
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
774 |
103765
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
775 Don't worry, none of the Emacs commands you have learned changes in |
82707
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
776 any great way. But you can observe that M-f and M-b now treat |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
777 apostrophes as part of words. Previously, in Fundamental mode, |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
778 M-f and M-b treated apostrophes as word-separators. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
779 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
780 Major modes usually make subtle changes like that one: most commands |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
781 do "the same job" in each major mode, but they work a little bit |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
782 differently. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
783 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
784 To view documentation on your current major mode, type C-h m. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
785 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
786 >> Use C-u C-v once or more to bring this line near the top of screen. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
787 >> Type C-h m, to see how Text mode differs from Fundamental mode. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
788 >> Type C-x 1 to remove the documentation from the screen. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
789 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
790 Major modes are called major because there are also minor modes. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
791 Minor modes are not alternatives to the major modes, just minor |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
792 modifications of them. Each minor mode can be turned on or off by |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
793 itself, independent of all other minor modes, and independent of your |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
794 major mode. So you can use no minor modes, or one minor mode, or any |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
795 combination of several minor modes. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
796 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
797 One minor mode which is very useful, especially for editing |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
798 human-language text, is Auto Fill mode. When this mode is on, Emacs |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
799 breaks the line in between words automatically whenever you insert |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
800 text and make a line that is too wide. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
801 |
103765
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
802 You can turn Auto Fill mode on by doing M-x auto-fill-mode <Return>. |
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
803 When the mode is on, you can turn it off again by doing |
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
804 M-x auto-fill-mode <Return>. If the mode is off, this command turns |
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
805 it on, and if the mode is on, this command turns it off. We say that |
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
806 the command "toggles the mode". |
82707
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
807 |
103765
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
808 >> Type M-x auto-fill-mode <Return> now. Then insert a line of "asdf " |
82707
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
809 over again until you see it divide into two lines. You must put in |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
810 spaces between them because Auto Fill breaks lines only at spaces. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
811 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
812 The margin is usually set at 70 characters, but you can change it |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
813 with the C-x f command. You should give the margin setting you want |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
814 as a numeric argument. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
815 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
816 >> Type C-x f with an argument of 20. (C-u 2 0 C-x f). |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
817 Then type in some text and see Emacs fill lines of 20 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
818 characters with it. Then set the margin back to 70 using |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
819 C-x f again. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
820 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
821 If you make changes in the middle of a paragraph, Auto Fill mode |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
822 does not re-fill it for you. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
823 To re-fill the paragraph, type M-q (META-q) with the cursor inside |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
824 that paragraph. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
825 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
826 >> Move the cursor into the previous paragraph and type M-q. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
827 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
828 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
829 * SEARCHING |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
830 ----------- |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
831 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
832 Emacs can do searches for strings (these are groups of contiguous |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
833 characters or words) either forward through the text or backward |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
834 through it. Searching for a string is a cursor motion command; |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
835 it moves the cursor to the next place where that string appears. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
836 |
103765
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
837 The Emacs search command is "incremental". This means that the |
82707
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
838 search happens while you type in the string to search for. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
839 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
840 The command to initiate a search is C-s for forward search, and C-r |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
841 for reverse search. BUT WAIT! Don't try them now. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
842 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
843 When you type C-s you'll notice that the string "I-search" appears as |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
844 a prompt in the echo area. This tells you that Emacs is in what is |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
845 called an incremental search waiting for you to type the thing that |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
846 you want to search for. <Return> terminates a search. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
847 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
848 >> Now type C-s to start a search. SLOWLY, one letter at a time, |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
849 type the word 'cursor', pausing after you type each |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
850 character to notice what happens to the cursor. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
851 Now you have searched for "cursor", once. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
852 >> Type C-s again, to search for the next occurrence of "cursor". |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
853 >> Now type <Delback> four times and see how the cursor moves. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
854 >> Type <Return> to terminate the search. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
855 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
856 Did you see what happened? Emacs, in an incremental search, tries to |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
857 go to the occurrence of the string that you've typed out so far. To |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
858 go to the next occurrence of 'cursor' just type C-s again. If no such |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
859 occurrence exists, Emacs beeps and tells you the search is currently |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
860 "failing". C-g would also terminate the search. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
861 |
103765
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
862 (Note that on some systems, typing C-s will freeze the screen and you |
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
863 will see no further output from Emacs. This indicates that an |
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
864 operating system "feature" called "flow control" is intercepting the |
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
865 C-s and not letting it get through to Emacs. To unfreeze the screen, |
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
866 type C-q.) |
82707
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
867 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
868 If you are in the middle of an incremental search and type <Delback>, |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
869 you'll notice that the last character in the search string is erased |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
870 and the search backs up to the last place of the search. For |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
871 instance, suppose you have typed "c", to search for the first |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
872 occurrence of "c". Now if you type "u", the cursor will move |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
873 to the first occurrence of "cu". Now type <Delback>. This erases |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
874 the "u" from the search string, and the cursor moves back to |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
875 the first occurrence of "c". |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
876 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
877 If you are in the middle of a search and type a control or meta |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
878 character (with a few exceptions--characters that are special in |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
879 a search, such as C-s and C-r), the search is terminated. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
880 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
881 The C-s starts a search that looks for any occurrence of the search |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
882 string AFTER the current cursor position. If you want to search for |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
883 something earlier in the text, type C-r instead. Everything that we |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
884 have said about C-s also applies to C-r, except that the direction of |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
885 the search is reversed. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
886 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
887 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
888 * MULTIPLE WINDOWS |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
889 ------------------ |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
890 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
891 One of the nice features of Emacs is that you can display more than one |
103765
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
892 window on the screen at the same time. (Note that Emacs uses the term |
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
893 "frames"--described in the next section--for what some other |
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
894 applications call "windows". The Emacs manual contains a Glossary of |
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
895 Emacs terms.) |
82707
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
896 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
897 >> Move the cursor to this line and type C-u 0 C-l (that's CONTROL-L, not |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
898 CONTROL-1). |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
899 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
900 >> Now type C-x 2 which splits the screen into two windows. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
901 Both windows display this tutorial. The cursor stays in the top window. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
902 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
903 >> Type C-M-v to scroll the bottom window. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
904 (If you do not have a real META key, type <ESC> C-v.) |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
905 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
906 >> Type C-x o ("o" for "other") to move the cursor to the bottom window. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
907 >> Use C-v and M-v in the bottom window to scroll it. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
908 Keep reading these directions in the top window. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
909 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
910 >> Type C-x o again to move the cursor back to the top window. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
911 The cursor in the top window is just where it was before. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
912 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
913 You can keep using C-x o to switch between the windows. Each |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
914 window has its own cursor position, but only one window actually |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
915 shows the cursor. All the ordinary editing commands apply to the |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
916 window that the cursor is in. We call this the "selected window". |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
917 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
918 The command C-M-v is very useful when you are editing text in one |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
919 window and using the other window just for reference. You can keep |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
920 the cursor always in the window where you are editing, and advance |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
921 through the other window sequentially with C-M-v. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
922 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
923 C-M-v is an example of a CONTROL-META character. If you have a real |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
924 META key, you can type C-M-v by holding down both CONTROL and META while |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
925 typing v. It does not matter whether CONTROL or META "comes first," |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
926 because both of these keys act by modifying the characters you type. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
927 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
928 If you do not have a real META key, and you use <ESC> instead, the |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
929 order does matter: you must type <ESC> followed by CONTROL-v, because |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
930 CONTROL-<ESC> v will not work. This is because <ESC> is a character |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
931 in its own right, not a modifier key. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
932 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
933 >> Type C-x 1 (in the top window) to get rid of the bottom window. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
934 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
935 (If you had typed C-x 1 in the bottom window, that would get rid |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
936 of the top one. Think of this command as "Keep just one |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
937 window--the window I am already in.") |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
938 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
939 You do not have to display the same buffer in both windows. If you |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
940 use C-x C-f to find a file in one window, the other window does not |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
941 change. You can find a file in each window independently. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
942 |
103765
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
943 Here is another way to use two windows to display two different things: |
82707
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
944 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
945 >> Type C-x 4 C-f followed by the name of one of your files. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
946 End with <Return>. See the specified file appear in the bottom |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
947 window. The cursor goes there, too. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
948 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
949 >> Type C-x o to go back to the top window, and C-x 1 to delete |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
950 the bottom window. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
951 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
952 |
103765
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
953 * MULTIPLE FRAMES |
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
954 ------------------ |
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
955 |
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
956 Emacs can also create multiple "frames" (unless you are using a |
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
957 text-only terminal). A frame is what we call one collection of |
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
958 windows, together with its menus, scroll bars, echo area, etc. |
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
959 (Some other applications call a frame a "window".) |
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
960 |
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
961 >> Type M-x make-frame <Return>. |
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
962 See a new frame appear on your screen. |
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
963 |
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
964 You can do everything you did in the original frame in the new frame. |
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
965 There is nothing special about the first frame. |
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
966 |
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
967 >> Type M-x delete-frame <Return>. |
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
968 This removes the selected frame. |
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
969 |
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
970 You can also remove a frame by using the normal method provided by |
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
971 your window manager (often clicking a button with an "X" at a top |
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
972 corner of the frame). No information is lost when you close a frame |
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
973 (or window), it is simply removed from sight and can be restored later. |
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
974 |
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
975 |
82707
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
976 * RECURSIVE EDITING LEVELS |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
977 -------------------------- |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
978 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
979 Sometimes you will get into what is called a "recursive editing |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
980 level". This is indicated by square brackets in the mode line, |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
981 surrounding the parentheses around the major mode name. For |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
982 example, you might see [(Fundamental)] instead of (Fundamental). |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
983 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
984 To get out of the recursive editing level, type <ESC> <ESC> <ESC>. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
985 That is an all-purpose "get out" command. You can also use it for |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
986 eliminating extra windows, and getting out of the minibuffer. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
987 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
988 >> Type M-x to get into a minibuffer; then type <ESC> <ESC> <ESC> to |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
989 get out. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
990 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
991 You cannot use C-g to get out of a recursive editing level. This is |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
992 because C-g is used for canceling commands and arguments WITHIN the |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
993 recursive editing level. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
994 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
995 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
996 * GETTING MORE HELP |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
997 ------------------- |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
998 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
999 In this tutorial we have tried to supply just enough information to |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1000 get you started using Emacs. There is so much available in Emacs that |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1001 it would be impossible to explain it all here. However, you may want |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1002 to learn more about Emacs since it has many other useful features. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1003 Emacs provides commands for reading documentation about Emacs |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1004 commands. These "help" commands all start with the character |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1005 CONTROL-h, which is called "the Help character". |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1006 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1007 To use the Help features, type the C-h character, and then a |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1008 character saying what kind of help you want. If you are REALLY lost, |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1009 type C-h ? and Emacs will tell you what kinds of help it can give. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1010 If you have typed C-h and decide you do not want any help, just |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1011 type C-g to cancel it. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1012 |
103765
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
1013 (If C-h does not display a message about help at the bottom of the |
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
1014 screen, try typing the F1 key or M-x help <Return> instead.) |
82707
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1015 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1016 The most basic HELP feature is C-h c. Type C-h, the character c, and |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1017 a command character or sequence; then Emacs displays a very brief |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1018 description of the command. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1019 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1020 >> Type C-h c C-p. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1021 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1022 The message should be something like this: |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1023 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1024 C-p runs the command previous-line |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1025 |
103765
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
1026 This tells you the "name of the function". Since function names |
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
1027 are chosen to indicate what the command does, they can serve as |
82707
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1028 very brief documentation--sufficient to remind you of commands you |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1029 have already learned. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1030 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1031 Multi-character commands such as C-x C-s and (if you have no META or |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1032 EDIT or ALT key) <ESC>v are also allowed after C-h c. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1033 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1034 To get more information about a command, use C-h k instead of C-h c. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1035 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1036 >> Type C-h k C-p. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1037 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1038 This displays the documentation of the function, as well as its |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1039 name, in an Emacs window. When you are finished reading the |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1040 output, type C-x 1 to get rid of the help text. You do not have |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1041 to do this right away. You can do some editing while referring |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1042 to the help text, and then type C-x 1. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1043 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1044 Here are some other useful C-h options: |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1045 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1046 C-h f Describe a function. You type in the name of the |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1047 function. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1048 |
103765
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
1049 >> Try typing C-h f previous-line <Return>. |
82707
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1050 This displays all the information Emacs has about the |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1051 function which implements the C-p command. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1052 |
103765
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
1053 A similar command C-h v displays the documentation of variables, |
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
1054 including those whose values you can set to customize Emacs behavior. |
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
1055 You need to type in the name of the variable when Emacs prompts for it. |
82707
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1056 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1057 C-h a Command Apropos. Type in a keyword and Emacs will list |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1058 all the commands whose names contain that keyword. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1059 These commands can all be invoked with META-x. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1060 For some commands, Command Apropos will also list a one |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1061 or two character sequence which runs the same command. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1062 |
103765
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
1063 >> Type C-h a file <Return>. |
82707
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1064 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1065 This displays in another window a list of all M-x commands with "file" |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1066 in their names. You will see character-commands like C-x C-f listed |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1067 beside the corresponding command names such as find-file. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1068 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1069 >> Type C-M-v to scroll the help window. Do this a few times. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1070 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1071 >> Type C-x 1 to delete the help window. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1072 |
103765
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
1073 C-h i Read included Manuals (a.k.a. Info). This command puts |
82707
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1074 you into a special buffer called `*info*' where you |
103765
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
1075 can read manuals for the packages installed on your system. |
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
1076 Type m emacs <Return> to read the Emacs manual. |
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
1077 If you have never before used Info, type ? and Emacs |
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
1078 will take you on a guided tour of Info mode facilities. |
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
1079 Once you are through with this tutorial, you should |
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
1080 consult the Emacs Info manual as your primary documentation. |
82707
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1081 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1082 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1083 * MORE FEATURES |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1084 --------------- |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1085 |
103765
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
1086 You can learn more about Emacs by reading its manual, either as a |
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
1087 printed book, or inside Emacs (use the Help menu or type C-h r). |
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
1088 Two features that you may like especially are completion, which saves |
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
1089 typing, and dired, which simplifies file handling. |
82707
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1090 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1091 Completion is a way to avoid unnecessary typing. For instance, if you |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1092 want to switch to the *Messages* buffer, you can type C-x b *M<Tab> |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1093 and Emacs will fill in the rest of the buffer name as far as it can |
103765
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
1094 determine from what you have already typed. Completion also works for |
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
1095 command names and file names. Completion is described in the Emacs |
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
1096 manual in the node called "Completion". |
82707
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1097 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1098 Dired enables you to list files in a directory (and optionally its |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1099 subdirectories), move around that list, visit, rename, delete and |
103765
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
1100 otherwise operate on the files. Dired is described in the Emacs |
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
1101 manual in the node called "Dired". |
82707
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1102 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1103 The manual also describes many other Emacs features. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1104 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1105 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1106 * CONCLUSION |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1107 ------------ |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1108 |
103765
7390f2dfe6b8
Standardize the way M-x commands are written:
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
100972
diff
changeset
|
1109 To exit Emacs use C-x C-c. |
82707
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1110 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1111 This tutorial is meant to be understandable to all new users, so if |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1112 you found something unclear, don't sit and blame yourself - complain! |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1113 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1114 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1115 * COPYING |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1116 --------- |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1117 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1118 This tutorial descends from a long line of Emacs tutorials |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1119 starting with the one written by Stuart Cracraft for the original Emacs. |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1120 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1121 This version of the tutorial is a part of GNU Emacs. It is copyrighted |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1122 and comes with permission to distribute copies on certain conditions: |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1123 |
95007
e666d114df11
Switch to recommended form of GPLv3 permissions notice.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
92756
diff
changeset
|
1124 Copyright (C) 1985, 1996, 1998, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, |
106815 | 1125 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
82707
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1126 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1127 This file is part of GNU Emacs. |
95007
e666d114df11
Switch to recommended form of GPLv3 permissions notice.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
92756
diff
changeset
|
1128 |
e666d114df11
Switch to recommended form of GPLv3 permissions notice.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
92756
diff
changeset
|
1129 GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify |
82707
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1130 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by |
95007
e666d114df11
Switch to recommended form of GPLv3 permissions notice.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
92756
diff
changeset
|
1131 the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or |
e666d114df11
Switch to recommended form of GPLv3 permissions notice.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
92756
diff
changeset
|
1132 (at your option) any later version. |
e666d114df11
Switch to recommended form of GPLv3 permissions notice.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
92756
diff
changeset
|
1133 |
82707
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1134 GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1135 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1136 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1137 GNU General Public License for more details. |
95007
e666d114df11
Switch to recommended form of GPLv3 permissions notice.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
92756
diff
changeset
|
1138 |
82707
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1139 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License |
95007
e666d114df11
Switch to recommended form of GPLv3 permissions notice.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
92756
diff
changeset
|
1140 along with GNU Emacs. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. |
82707
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1141 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1142 Please read the file COPYING and then do give copies of GNU Emacs to |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1143 your friends. Help stamp out software obstructionism ("ownership") by |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1144 using, writing, and sharing free software! |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1145 |
908e8993d113
Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1146 ;;; arch-tag: a0f84628-777f-4238-8865-451a73167f55 |