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annotate man/cmdargs.texi @ 61351:e537b7c0d529
Move to the obsolete subdir.
author | Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca> |
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date | Wed, 06 Apr 2005 14:06:27 +0000 |
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25829 | 1 @c This is part of the Emacs manual. |
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2 @c Copyright (C) 1985, 86, 87, 93, 94, 95, 97, |
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3 @c 2001, 03, 04, 2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
25829 | 4 @c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions. |
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5 @node Emacs Invocation, X Resources, GNU Free Documentation License, Top |
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6 @appendix Command Line Arguments for Emacs Invocation |
25829 | 7 @cindex command line arguments |
8 @cindex arguments (command line) | |
9 @cindex options (command line) | |
10 @cindex switches (command line) | |
11 @cindex startup (command line arguments) | |
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12 @cindex invocation (command line arguments) |
25829 | 13 |
14 GNU Emacs supports command line arguments to request various actions | |
15 when invoking Emacs. These are for compatibility with other editors and | |
16 for sophisticated activities. We don't recommend using them for | |
17 ordinary editing. | |
18 | |
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19 Arguments starting with @samp{-} are @dfn{options}, and so is |
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20 @samp{+@var{linenum}}. All other arguments specify files to visit. |
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21 Emacs visits the specified files while it starts up. The last file |
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22 name on your command line becomes the current buffer; the other files |
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23 are also visited in other buffers. If there are two files, they are |
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24 both displayed; otherwise the last file is displayed along with a |
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25 buffer list that shows what other buffers there are. As with most |
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26 programs, the special argument @samp{--} says that all subsequent |
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27 arguments are file names, not options, even if they start with |
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28 @samp{-}. |
25829 | 29 |
30 Emacs command options can specify many things, such as the size and | |
31 position of the X window Emacs uses, its colors, and so on. A few | |
32 options support advanced usage, such as running Lisp functions on files | |
33 in batch mode. The sections of this chapter describe the available | |
34 options, arranged according to their purpose. | |
35 | |
36 There are two ways of writing options: the short forms that start with | |
37 a single @samp{-}, and the long forms that start with @samp{--}. For | |
38 example, @samp{-d} is a short form and @samp{--display} is the | |
39 corresponding long form. | |
40 | |
41 The long forms with @samp{--} are easier to remember, but longer to | |
42 type. However, you don't have to spell out the whole option name; any | |
43 unambiguous abbreviation is enough. When a long option takes an | |
44 argument, you can use either a space or an equal sign to separate the | |
45 option name and the argument. Thus, you can write either | |
46 @samp{--display sugar-bombs:0.0} or @samp{--display=sugar-bombs:0.0}. | |
47 We recommend an equal sign because it makes the relationship clearer, | |
48 and the tables below always show an equal sign. | |
49 | |
50 @cindex initial options (command line) | |
51 @cindex action options (command line) | |
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52 @vindex command-line-args |
25829 | 53 Most options specify how to initialize Emacs, or set parameters for |
54 the Emacs session. We call them @dfn{initial options}. A few options | |
55 specify things to do: for example, load libraries, call functions, or | |
38745 | 56 terminate Emacs. These are called @dfn{action options}. These and file |
25829 | 57 names together are called @dfn{action arguments}. Emacs processes all |
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58 the action arguments in the order they are written. The @file{.emacs} file |
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59 can access the values of the action arguments as the elements of a list in |
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60 the variable @code{command-line-args}. |
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61 |
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62 |
25829 | 63 |
64 @menu | |
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65 * Action Arguments:: Arguments to visit files, load libraries, |
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66 and call functions. |
25829 | 67 * Initial Options:: Arguments that take effect while starting Emacs. |
68 * Command Example:: Examples of using command line arguments. | |
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69 * Resume Arguments:: Specifying arguments when you resume a running Emacs. |
25829 | 70 * Environment:: Environment variables that Emacs uses. |
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71 * Display X:: Changing the default display and using remote login. |
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72 * Font X:: Choosing a font for text, under X. |
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73 * Colors:: Choosing display colors. |
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74 * Window Size X:: Start-up window size, under X. |
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75 * Borders X:: Internal and external borders, under X. |
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76 * Title X:: Specifying the initial frame's title. |
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77 * Icons X:: Choosing what sort of icon to use, under X. |
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78 * Misc X:: Other display options. |
25829 | 79 @end menu |
80 | |
81 @node Action Arguments | |
82 @appendixsec Action Arguments | |
83 | |
84 Here is a table of the action arguments and options: | |
85 | |
86 @table @samp | |
87 @item @var{file} | |
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88 @opindex --file |
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89 @itemx --file=@var{file} |
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90 @opindex --find-file |
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91 @itemx --find-file=@var{file} |
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92 @opindex --visit |
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93 @itemx --visit=@var{file} |
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94 @cindex visiting files, command-line argument |
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95 @vindex inhibit-startup-buffer-menu |
25829 | 96 Visit @var{file} using @code{find-file}. @xref{Visiting}. |
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97 If you visit several files at startup in this way, Emacs |
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98 also displays a Buffer Menu buffer to show you what files it |
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99 has visited. You can inhibit that by setting @code{inhibit-startup-buffer-menu} to @code{t}. |
25829 | 100 |
101 @item +@var{linenum} @var{file} | |
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102 @opindex +@var{linenum} |
25829 | 103 Visit @var{file} using @code{find-file}, then go to line number |
104 @var{linenum} in it. | |
105 | |
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106 @item +@var{linenum}:@var{columnnum} @var{file} |
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107 Visit @var{file} using @code{find-file}, then go to line number |
38745 | 108 @var{linenum} and put point at column number @var{columnnum}. |
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109 |
25829 | 110 @need 3000 |
111 @item -l @var{file} | |
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112 @opindex -l |
25829 | 113 @itemx --load=@var{file} |
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114 @opindex --load |
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115 @cindex loading Lisp libraries, command-line argument |
25829 | 116 Load a Lisp library named @var{file} with the function @code{load}. |
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117 @xref{Lisp Libraries}. If @var{file} is not an absolute file name, |
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118 the library can be found either in the current directory, or in the |
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119 Emacs library search path as specified with @env{EMACSLOADPATH} |
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120 (@pxref{General Variables}). |
25829 | 121 |
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122 @item -L @var{dir} |
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123 @opindex -L |
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124 @itemx --directory=@var{dir} |
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125 @opindex --directory |
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126 Add directory @var{dir} to the variable @code{load-path}. |
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127 |
25829 | 128 @item -f @var{function} |
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129 @opindex -f |
25829 | 130 @itemx --funcall=@var{function} |
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131 @opindex --funcall |
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132 @cindex call Lisp functions, command-line argument |
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133 Call Lisp function @var{function}. If it is an interactive function |
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134 (a command), it reads the arguments interactively just as if you had |
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135 called the same function with a key sequence. Otherwise, it calls the |
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136 function with no arguments. |
25829 | 137 |
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138 @item --eval=@var{expression} |
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139 @opindex --eval |
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140 @itemx --execute=@var{expression} |
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141 @opindex --execute |
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142 @cindex evaluate expression, command-line argument |
25829 | 143 Evaluate Lisp expression @var{expression}. |
144 | |
145 @item --insert=@var{file} | |
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146 @opindex --insert |
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147 @cindex insert file contents, command-line argument |
25829 | 148 Insert the contents of @var{file} into the current buffer. This is like |
149 what @kbd{M-x insert-file} does. @xref{Misc File Ops}. | |
150 | |
151 @item --kill | |
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152 @opindex --kill |
25829 | 153 Exit from Emacs without asking for confirmation. |
154 | |
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155 @item --help |
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156 @opindex --help |
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157 Print a usage message listing all available options, then exit |
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158 successfully. |
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159 |
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160 @item --version |
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161 @opindex --version |
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162 Print Emacs version, then exit successfully. |
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163 @end table |
25829 | 164 |
165 @node Initial Options | |
166 @appendixsec Initial Options | |
167 | |
168 The initial options specify parameters for the Emacs session. This | |
169 section describes the more general initial options; some other options | |
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170 specifically related to the X Window System appear in the following |
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171 sections. |
25829 | 172 |
173 Some initial options affect the loading of init files. The normal | |
174 actions of Emacs are to first load @file{site-start.el} if it exists, | |
175 then your own init file @file{~/.emacs} if it exists, and finally | |
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176 @file{default.el} if it exists. @xref{Init File}. Certain options |
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177 prevent loading of some of these files or substitute other files for |
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178 them. |
25829 | 179 |
180 @table @samp | |
181 @item -t @var{device} | |
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182 @opindex -t |
25829 | 183 @itemx --terminal=@var{device} |
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184 @opindex --terminal |
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185 @cindex device for Emacs terminal I/O |
25829 | 186 Use @var{device} as the device for terminal input and output. |
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187 @samp{--terminal} implies @samp{--no-window-system}. |
25829 | 188 |
189 @item -d @var{display} | |
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190 @opindex -d |
25829 | 191 @itemx --display=@var{display} |
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192 @opindex --display |
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193 @cindex display for Emacs frame |
25829 | 194 Use the X Window System and use the display named @var{display} to open |
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195 the initial Emacs frame. @xref{Display X}, for more details. |
25829 | 196 |
197 @item -nw | |
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198 @opindex -nw |
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199 @itemx --no-window-system |
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200 @opindex --no-window-system |
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201 @cindex disable window system |
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202 Don't communicate directly with the window system, disregarding the |
40652 | 203 @env{DISPLAY} environment variable even if it is set. This means that |
204 Emacs uses the terminal from which it was launched for all its display | |
205 and input. | |
25829 | 206 |
207 @need 3000 | |
208 @cindex batch mode | |
209 @item -batch | |
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210 @opindex --batch |
25829 | 211 @itemx --batch |
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212 Run Emacs in @dfn{batch mode}. Batch mode is used for running |
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213 programs written in Emacs Lisp from shell scripts, makefiles, and so |
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214 on. You should also use the @samp{-l} option or @samp{-f} option, to |
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215 invoke a Lisp program to do batch processing. |
25829 | 216 |
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217 In batch mode, Emacs does not display the text being edited, and the |
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218 standard terminal interrupt characters such as @kbd{C-z} and @kbd{C-c} |
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219 continue to have their normal effect. The functions @code{prin1}, |
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220 @code{princ} and @code{print} output to @code{stdout} instead of the |
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221 echo area, while @code{message} and error messages output to |
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222 @code{stderr}. Functions that would normally read from the minibuffer |
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223 take their input from @code{stdin} instead. |
25829 | 224 |
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225 @samp{--batch} implies @samp{-q} (do not load an init file), but |
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226 @file{site-start.el} is loaded nonetheless. It also causes Emacs to |
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227 exit after processing all the command options. In addition, it |
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228 disables auto-saving except in buffers for which it has been |
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229 explicitly requested. |
25829 | 230 |
47323 | 231 @item --script @var{file} |
232 @opindex --script | |
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233 @cindex script mode |
47323 | 234 Run Emacs in batch mode, like @samp{--batch}, and then read and |
235 execute the Lisp code in @var{file}. | |
236 | |
237 The normal use of this option is in executable script files that run | |
238 Emacs. They can start with this text on the first line | |
239 | |
240 @example | |
241 #!/usr/bin/emacs --script | |
242 @end example | |
243 | |
244 @noindent | |
245 which will invoke Emacs with @samp{--script} and supply the name of | |
246 the script file as @var{file}. Emacs Lisp then treats @samp{#!} as a | |
247 comment delimiter. | |
248 | |
25829 | 249 @item -q |
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250 @opindex -q |
25829 | 251 @itemx --no-init-file |
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252 @opindex --no-init-file |
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253 @cindex bypassing init and @file{default.el} file |
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254 @cindex init file, not loading |
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255 @cindex @file{default.el} file, not loading |
25829 | 256 Do not load your Emacs init file @file{~/.emacs}, or @file{default.el} |
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257 either. Regardless of this switch, @file{site-start.el} is still loaded. |
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258 When invoked like this, Emacs does not allow saving options |
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259 changed with the @kbd{M-x customize} command and its variants. |
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260 @xref{Easy Customization}. |
25829 | 261 |
262 @item --no-site-file | |
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263 @opindex --no-site-file |
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264 @cindex @file{site-start.el} file, not loading |
25829 | 265 Do not load @file{site-start.el}. The options @samp{-q}, @samp{-u} |
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266 and @samp{--batch} have no effect on the loading of this file---this |
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267 option and @samp{-Q} are the only options that block it. |
25829 | 268 |
54899 | 269 @item -Q |
270 @opindex -Q | |
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271 @itemx --bare-bones |
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272 @opindex --bare-bones |
54899 | 273 Start emacs with minimum customizations and window decorations. |
274 This is like using @samp{-q} and @samp{--no-site-file}, but in | |
275 addition it also disables the menu-bar, the tool-bar, the scroll-bars, | |
276 tool tips, the blinking cursor, and the fancy startup screen. | |
277 | |
45532 | 278 @item --no-splash |
279 @opindex --no-splash | |
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280 @vindex inhibit-startup-message |
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281 Do not display a splash screen on startup; this is equivalent to |
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282 setting the variable @code{inhibit-startup-message} to non-@code{nil}. |
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283 |
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284 @item --no-desktop |
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285 @opindex --no-desktop |
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286 Do not reload any saved desktop. @xref{Saving Emacs Sessions}. |
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287 |
25829 | 288 @item -u @var{user} |
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289 @opindex -u |
25829 | 290 @itemx --user=@var{user} |
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291 @opindex --user |
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292 @cindex load init file of another user |
25829 | 293 Load @var{user}'s Emacs init file @file{~@var{user}/.emacs} instead of |
294 your own. | |
295 | |
296 @item --debug-init | |
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297 @opindex --debug-init |
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298 @cindex errors in init file |
25829 | 299 Enable the Emacs Lisp debugger for errors in the init file. |
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300 @xref{Error Debugging,, Entering the Debugger on an Error, elisp, The |
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301 GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual}. |
25829 | 302 |
303 @item --unibyte | |
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304 @opindex --unibyte |
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305 @itemx --no-multibyte |
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306 @opindex --no-multibyte |
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307 @cindex unibyte operation, command-line argument |
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308 Do almost everything with single-byte buffers and strings. |
25829 | 309 All buffers and strings are unibyte unless you (or a Lisp program) |
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310 explicitly ask for a multibyte buffer or string. (Note that Emacs |
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311 always loads Lisp files in multibyte mode, even if @samp{--unibyte} is |
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312 specified; see @ref{Enabling Multibyte}.) Setting the environment |
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313 variable @env{EMACS_UNIBYTE} has the same effect |
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314 (@pxref{General Variables}). |
25829 | 315 |
316 @item --multibyte | |
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317 @opindex --multibyte |
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318 @itemx --no-unibyte |
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319 @opindex --no-unibyte |
29107 | 320 Inhibit the effect of @env{EMACS_UNIBYTE}, so that Emacs |
25829 | 321 uses multibyte characters by default, as usual. |
322 @end table | |
323 | |
324 @node Command Example | |
325 @appendixsec Command Argument Example | |
326 | |
327 Here is an example of using Emacs with arguments and options. It | |
328 assumes you have a Lisp program file called @file{hack-c.el} which, when | |
329 loaded, performs some useful operation on the current buffer, expected | |
330 to be a C program. | |
331 | |
332 @example | |
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333 emacs --batch foo.c -l hack-c -f save-buffer >& log |
25829 | 334 @end example |
335 | |
336 @noindent | |
337 This says to visit @file{foo.c}, load @file{hack-c.el} (which makes | |
338 changes in the visited file), save @file{foo.c} (note that | |
339 @code{save-buffer} is the function that @kbd{C-x C-s} is bound to), and | |
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340 then exit back to the shell (because of @samp{--batch}). @samp{--batch} |
25829 | 341 also guarantees there will be no problem redirecting output to |
342 @file{log}, because Emacs will not assume that it has a display terminal | |
343 to work with. | |
344 | |
345 @node Resume Arguments | |
346 @appendixsec Resuming Emacs with Arguments | |
347 | |
348 You can specify action arguments for Emacs when you resume it after | |
349 a suspension. To prepare for this, put the following code in your | |
350 @file{.emacs} file (@pxref{Hooks}): | |
351 | |
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352 @c `resume-suspend-hook' is correct. It is the name of a function. |
25829 | 353 @example |
354 (add-hook 'suspend-hook 'resume-suspend-hook) | |
355 (add-hook 'suspend-resume-hook 'resume-process-args) | |
356 @end example | |
357 | |
358 As further preparation, you must execute the shell script | |
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359 @file{emacs.csh} (if you use csh as your shell) or @file{emacs.bash} |
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360 (if you use bash as your shell). These scripts define an alias named |
25829 | 361 @code{edit}, which will resume Emacs giving it new command line |
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362 arguments such as files to visit. The scripts are found in the |
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363 @file{etc} subdirectory of the Emacs distribution. |
25829 | 364 |
365 Only action arguments work properly when you resume Emacs. Initial | |
366 arguments are not recognized---it's too late to execute them anyway. | |
367 | |
368 Note that resuming Emacs (with or without arguments) must be done from | |
369 within the shell that is the parent of the Emacs job. This is why | |
370 @code{edit} is an alias rather than a program or a shell script. It is | |
371 not possible to implement a resumption command that could be run from | |
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372 other subjobs of the shell; there is no way to define a command that could |
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373 be made the value of @env{EDITOR}, for example. Therefore, this feature |
25829 | 374 does not take the place of the Emacs Server feature (@pxref{Emacs |
375 Server}). | |
376 | |
377 The aliases use the Emacs Server feature if you appear to have a | |
378 server Emacs running. However, they cannot determine this with complete | |
379 accuracy. They may think that a server is still running when in | |
380 actuality you have killed that Emacs, because the file | |
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381 @file{/tmp/esrv@dots{}} still exists. If this happens, find that |
25829 | 382 file and delete it. |
383 | |
384 @node Environment | |
385 @appendixsec Environment Variables | |
386 @cindex environment variables | |
387 | |
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388 The @dfn{environment} is a feature of the operating system; it |
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389 consists of a collection of variables with names and values. Each |
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390 variable is called an @dfn{environment variable}; environment variable |
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391 names are case-sensitive, and it is conventional to use upper case |
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392 letters only. The values are all text strings. |
25829 | 393 |
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394 What makes the environment useful is that subprocesses inherit the |
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395 environment automatically from their parent process. This means you |
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396 can set up an environment variable in your login shell, and all the |
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397 programs you run (including Emacs) will automatically see it. |
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398 Subprocesses of Emacs (such as shells, compilers, and version-control |
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399 software) inherit the environment from Emacs, too. |
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400 |
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401 @findex setenv |
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402 @findex getenv |
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403 Inside Emacs, the command @kbd{M-x getenv} gets the value of an |
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404 environment variable. @kbd{M-x setenv} sets a variable in the Emacs |
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405 environment. (Environment variable substitutions with @samp{$} work |
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406 in the value just as in file names; see @ref{File Names with $}.) |
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407 |
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408 The way to set environment variables outside of Emacs depends on the |
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409 operating system, and especially the shell that you are using. For |
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410 example, here's how to set the environment variable @env{ORGANIZATION} |
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411 to @samp{not very much} using Bash: |
25829 | 412 |
413 @example | |
414 export ORGANIZATION="not very much" | |
415 @end example | |
416 | |
417 @noindent | |
418 and here's how to do it in csh or tcsh: | |
419 | |
420 @example | |
421 setenv ORGANIZATION "not very much" | |
422 @end example | |
423 | |
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424 When Emacs is using the X Window System, various environment |
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425 variables that control X work for Emacs as well. See the X |
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426 documentation for more information. |
25829 | 427 |
428 @menu | |
429 * General Variables:: Environment variables that all versions of Emacs use. | |
430 * Misc Variables:: Certain system-specific variables. | |
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431 * MS-Windows Registry:: An alternative to the environment on MS-Windows. |
25829 | 432 @end menu |
433 | |
434 @node General Variables | |
435 @appendixsubsec General Variables | |
436 | |
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437 Here is an alphabetical list of specific environment variables that |
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438 have special meanings in Emacs, giving the name of each variable and |
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439 its meaning. Most of these variables are also used by some other |
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440 programs. Emacs does not require any of these environment variables |
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441 to be set, but it uses their values if they are set. |
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442 |
29107 | 443 @table @env |
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444 @item CDPATH |
25829 | 445 Used by the @code{cd} command to search for the directory you specify, |
446 when you specify a relative directory name. | |
447 @item EMACS_UNIBYTE | |
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448 @cindex unibyte operation, environment variable |
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449 Defining this environment variable with a nonempty value directs Emacs |
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450 to do almost everything with single-byte buffers and strings. It is |
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451 equivalent to using the @samp{--unibyte} command-line option on each |
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452 invocation. @xref{Initial Options}. |
25829 | 453 @item EMACSDATA |
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454 Directory for the architecture-independent files that come with Emacs. |
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455 This is used to initialize the Lisp variable @code{data-directory}. |
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456 @item EMACSDOC |
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457 Directory for the documentation string file, |
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458 @file{DOC-@var{emacsversion}}. This is used to initialize the Lisp |
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459 variable @code{doc-directory}. |
25829 | 460 @item EMACSLOADPATH |
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461 A colon-separated list of directories@footnote{ |
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462 Here and below, whenever we say ``colon-separated list of directories,'' |
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463 it pertains to Unix and GNU/Linux systems. On MS-DOS and MS-Windows, |
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464 the directories are separated by semi-colons instead, since DOS/Windows |
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465 file names might include a colon after a drive letter.} |
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466 to search for Emacs Lisp files---used to initialize @code{load-path}. |
25829 | 467 @item EMACSPATH |
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468 A colon-separated list of directories to search for executable |
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469 files---used to initialize @code{exec-path}. |
25829 | 470 @item ESHELL |
29107 | 471 Used for shell-mode to override the @env{SHELL} environment variable. |
25829 | 472 @item HISTFILE |
473 The name of the file that shell commands are saved in between logins. | |
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474 This variable defaults to @file{~/.bash_history} if you use Bash, to |
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475 @file{~/.sh_history} if you use ksh, and to @file{~/.history} |
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476 otherwise. |
25829 | 477 @item HOME |
478 The location of the user's files in the directory tree; used for | |
479 expansion of file names starting with a tilde (@file{~}). On MS-DOS, it | |
480 defaults to the directory from which Emacs was started, with @samp{/bin} | |
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481 removed from the end if it was present. On Windows, the default value |
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482 of @env{HOME} is @file{C:/}, the root directory of drive @file{C:}. |
25829 | 483 @item HOSTNAME |
484 The name of the machine that Emacs is running on. | |
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485 @item INCPATH |
25829 | 486 A colon-separated list of directories. Used by the @code{complete} package |
487 to search for files. | |
488 @item INFOPATH | |
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489 A colon-separated list of directories in which to search for Info files. |
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490 @item LC_ALL |
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491 @itemx LC_COLLATE |
25829 | 492 @itemx LC_CTYPE |
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493 @itemx LC_MESSAGES |
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494 @itemx LC_MONETARY |
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495 @itemx LC_NUMERIC |
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496 @itemx LC_TIME |
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497 @itemx LANG |
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498 The user's preferred locale. The locale has six categories, specified |
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499 by the environment variables @env{LC_COLLATE} for sorting, |
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500 @env{LC_CTYPE} for character encoding, @env{LC_MESSAGES} for system |
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501 messages, @env{LC_MONETARY} for monetary formats, @env{LC_NUMERIC} for |
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502 numbers, and @env{LC_TIME} for dates and times. If one of these |
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503 variables is not set, the category defaults to the value of the |
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504 @env{LANG} environment variable, or to the default @samp{C} locale if |
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505 @env{LANG} is not set. But if @env{LC_ALL} is specified, it overrides |
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506 the settings of all the other locale environment variables. |
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507 |
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508 On MS-Windows, if @env{LANG} is not already set in the environment |
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509 when Emacs starts, Emacs sets it based on the system-wide default |
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510 language, which you can set in the @samp{Regional Settings} Control Panel |
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511 on some versions of MS-Windows. |
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512 |
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513 The value of the @env{LC_CTYPE} category is |
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514 matched against entries in @code{locale-language-names}, |
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515 @code{locale-charset-language-names}, and |
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516 @code{locale-preferred-coding-systems}, to select a default language |
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517 environment and coding system. @xref{Language Environments}. |
25829 | 518 @item LOGNAME |
29107 | 519 The user's login name. See also @env{USER}. |
25829 | 520 @item MAIL |
521 The name of the user's system mail inbox. | |
522 @item MH | |
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523 Name of setup file for the mh system. (The default is @file{~/.mh_profile}.) |
25829 | 524 @item NAME |
525 The real-world name of the user. | |
526 @item NNTPSERVER | |
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527 The name of the news server. Used by the mh and Gnus packages. |
25829 | 528 @item ORGANIZATION |
529 The name of the organization to which you belong. Used for setting the | |
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530 `Organization:' header in your posts from the Gnus package. |
25829 | 531 @item PATH |
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532 A colon-separated list of directories in which executables reside. This |
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533 is used to initialize the Emacs Lisp variable @code{exec-path}. |
25829 | 534 @item PWD |
535 If set, this should be the default directory when Emacs was started. | |
536 @item REPLYTO | |
537 If set, this specifies an initial value for the variable | |
538 @code{mail-default-reply-to}. @xref{Mail Headers}. | |
539 @item SAVEDIR | |
540 The name of a directory in which news articles are saved by default. | |
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541 Used by the Gnus package. |
25829 | 542 @item SHELL |
543 The name of an interpreter used to parse and execute programs run from | |
544 inside Emacs. | |
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545 @item SMTPSERVER |
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546 The name of the outgoing mail server. Used by the SMTP library |
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547 (@pxref{Top,,Sending mail via SMTP,smtpmail}). |
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548 @cindex background mode, on @command{xterm} |
25829 | 549 @item TERM |
38745 | 550 The type of the terminal that Emacs is using. This variable must be |
25829 | 551 set unless Emacs is run in batch mode. On MS-DOS, it defaults to |
552 @samp{internal}, which specifies a built-in terminal emulation that | |
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553 handles the machine's own display. If the value of @env{TERM} indicates |
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554 that Emacs runs in non-windowed mode from @command{xterm} or a similar |
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555 terminal emulator, the background mode defaults to @samp{light}, and |
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556 Emacs will choose colors that are appropriate for a light background. |
25829 | 557 @item TERMCAP |
558 The name of the termcap library file describing how to program the | |
29107 | 559 terminal specified by the @env{TERM} variable. This defaults to |
25829 | 560 @file{/etc/termcap}. |
561 @item TMPDIR | |
562 Used by the Emerge package as a prefix for temporary files. | |
563 @item TZ | |
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564 This specifies the current time zone and possibly also daylight |
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565 saving time information. On MS-DOS, if @env{TZ} is not set in the |
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566 environment when Emacs starts, Emacs defines a default value as |
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567 appropriate for the country code returned by DOS. On MS-Windows, Emacs |
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568 does not use @env{TZ} at all. |
25829 | 569 @item USER |
29107 | 570 The user's login name. See also @env{LOGNAME}. On MS-DOS, this |
25829 | 571 defaults to @samp{root}. |
572 @item VERSION_CONTROL | |
573 Used to initialize the @code{version-control} variable (@pxref{Backup | |
574 Names}). | |
575 @end table | |
576 | |
577 @node Misc Variables | |
578 @appendixsubsec Miscellaneous Variables | |
579 | |
580 These variables are used only on particular configurations: | |
581 | |
29107 | 582 @table @env |
25829 | 583 @item COMSPEC |
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584 On MS-DOS and MS-Windows, the name of the command interpreter to use |
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585 when invoking batch files and commands internal to the shell. On MS-DOS |
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586 this is also used to make a default value for the @env{SHELL} environment |
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587 variable. |
25829 | 588 |
589 @item NAME | |
29107 | 590 On MS-DOS, this variable defaults to the value of the @env{USER} |
25829 | 591 variable. |
592 | |
593 @item TEMP | |
594 @itemx TMP | |
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595 On MS-DOS and MS-Windows, these specify the name of the directory for |
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596 storing temporary files in. |
25829 | 597 |
598 @item EMACSTEST | |
599 On MS-DOS, this specifies a file to use to log the operation of the | |
600 internal terminal emulator. This feature is useful for submitting bug | |
601 reports. | |
602 | |
603 @item EMACSCOLORS | |
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604 On MS-DOS, this specifies the screen colors. It is useful to set them |
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605 this way, since otherwise Emacs would display the default colors |
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606 momentarily when it starts up. |
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607 |
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608 The value of this variable should be the two-character encoding of the |
25829 | 609 foreground (the first character) and the background (the second |
610 character) colors of the default face. Each character should be the | |
611 hexadecimal code for the desired color on a standard PC text-mode | |
39267 | 612 display. For example, to get blue text on a light gray background, |
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613 specify @samp{EMACSCOLORS=17}, since 1 is the code of the blue color and |
39267 | 614 7 is the code of the light gray color. |
25829 | 615 |
616 The PC display usually supports only eight background colors. However, | |
617 Emacs switches the DOS display to a mode where all 16 colors can be used | |
618 for the background, so all four bits of the background color are | |
619 actually used. | |
620 | |
621 @item WINDOW_GFX | |
622 Used when initializing the Sun windows system. | |
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623 |
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624 @item PRELOAD_WINSOCK |
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625 On MS-Windows, if you set this variable, Emacs will load and initialize |
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626 the network library at startup, instead of waiting until the first |
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627 time it is required. |
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628 |
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629 @item emacs_dir |
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630 On MS-Windows, @env{emacs_dir} is a special environment variable, which |
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631 indicates the full path of the directory in which Emacs is installed. |
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632 If Emacs is installed in the standard directory structure, it |
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633 calculates this value automatically. It is not much use setting this |
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634 variable yourself unless your installation is non-standard, since |
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635 unlike other environment variables, it will be overridden by Emacs at |
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636 startup. When setting other environment variables, such as |
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637 @env{EMACSLOADPATH}, you may find it useful to use @env{emacs_dir} |
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638 rather than hard-coding an absolute path. This allows multiple |
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639 versions of Emacs to share the same environment variable settings, and |
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640 it allows you to move the Emacs installation directory, without |
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641 changing any environment or registry settings. |
25829 | 642 @end table |
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643 |
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644 @node MS-Windows Registry |
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645 @appendixsubsec The MS-Windows System Registry |
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646 @pindex addpm, MS-Windows installation program |
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647 @cindex registry, setting environment variables and resources on MS-Windows |
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648 |
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649 On MS-Windows, the installation program @command{addpm.exe} adds values |
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650 for @env{emacs_dir}, @env{EMACSLOADPATH}, @env{EMACSDATA}, |
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651 @env{EMACSPATH}, @env{EMACSDOC}, @env{SHELL} and @env{TERM} to the |
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652 @file{HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE} section of the system registry, under |
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653 @file{/Software/GNU/Emacs}. It does this because there is no standard |
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654 place to set environment variables across different versions of |
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655 Windows. Running @command{addpm.exe} is no longer strictly |
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656 necessary in recent versions of Emacs, but if you are upgrading from |
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657 an older version, running @command{addpm.exe} ensures that you do not have |
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658 older registry entries from a previous installation, which may not be |
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659 compatible with the latest version of Emacs. |
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660 |
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661 When Emacs starts, as well as checking the environment, it also checks |
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662 the System Registry for those variables and for @env{HOME}, @env{LANG} |
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663 and @env{PRELOAD_WINSOCK}. |
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664 |
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665 To determine the value of those variables, Emacs goes through the |
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666 following procedure. First, the environment is checked. If the |
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667 variable is not found there, Emacs looks for registry keys by that |
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668 name under @file{/Software/GNU/Emacs}; first in the |
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669 @file{HKEY_CURRENT_USER} section of the registry, and if not found |
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670 there, in the @file{HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE} section. Finally, if Emacs |
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671 still cannot determine the values, compiled-in defaults are used. |
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672 |
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673 In addition to the environment variables above, you can also add many |
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674 of the settings which on X belong in the @file{.Xdefaults} file |
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675 (@pxref{X Resources}) to the @file{/Software/GNU/Emacs} registry key. |
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676 Settings you add to the @file{HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE} section will affect |
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677 all users of the machine. Settings you add to the |
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678 @file{HKEY_CURRENT_USER} section will only affect you, and will |
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679 override machine wide settings. |
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680 |
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681 @node Display X |
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682 @appendixsec Specifying the Display Name |
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683 @cindex display name (X Window System) |
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684 @cindex @env{DISPLAY} environment variable |
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685 |
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686 The environment variable @env{DISPLAY} tells all X clients, including |
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687 Emacs, where to display their windows. Its value is set by default |
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688 in ordinary circumstances, when you start an X server and run jobs |
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689 locally. Occasionally you may need to specify the display yourself; for |
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690 example, if you do a remote login and want to run a client program |
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691 remotely, displaying on your local screen. |
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692 |
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693 With Emacs, the main reason people change the default display is to |
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694 let them log into another system, run Emacs on that system, but have the |
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695 window displayed at their local terminal. You might need to log in |
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696 to another system because the files you want to edit are there, or |
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697 because the Emacs executable file you want to run is there. |
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698 |
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699 The syntax of the @env{DISPLAY} environment variable is |
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700 @samp{@var{host}:@var{display}.@var{screen}}, where @var{host} is the |
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701 host name of the X Window System server machine, @var{display} is an |
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702 arbitrarily-assigned number that distinguishes your server (X terminal) |
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703 from other servers on the same machine, and @var{screen} is a |
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704 rarely-used field that allows an X server to control multiple terminal |
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705 screens. The period and the @var{screen} field are optional. If |
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706 included, @var{screen} is usually zero. |
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707 |
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708 For example, if your host is named @samp{glasperle} and your server is |
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709 the first (or perhaps the only) server listed in the configuration, your |
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710 @env{DISPLAY} is @samp{glasperle:0.0}. |
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711 |
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712 You can specify the display name explicitly when you run Emacs, either |
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713 by changing the @env{DISPLAY} variable, or with the option @samp{-d |
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714 @var{display}} or @samp{--display=@var{display}}. Here is an example: |
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715 |
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716 @smallexample |
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717 emacs --display=glasperle:0 & |
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718 @end smallexample |
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719 |
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720 You can inhibit the direct use of the window system and GUI with the |
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721 @samp{-nw} option. It tells Emacs to display using ordinary @acronym{ASCII} on |
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722 its controlling terminal. This is also an initial option. |
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723 |
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724 Sometimes, security arrangements prevent a program on a remote system |
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725 from displaying on your local system. In this case, trying to run Emacs |
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726 produces messages like this: |
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727 |
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728 @smallexample |
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729 Xlib: connection to "glasperle:0.0" refused by server |
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730 @end smallexample |
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731 |
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732 @noindent |
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733 You might be able to overcome this problem by using the @command{xhost} |
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734 command on the local system to give permission for access from your |
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735 remote machine. |
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736 |
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737 @node Font X |
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738 @appendixsec Font Specification Options |
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739 @cindex font name (X Window System) |
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740 |
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741 By default, Emacs displays text in a twelve point Courier font (when |
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742 using X). You can specify a different font on your command line |
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743 through the option @samp{-fn @var{name}} (or @samp{--font}, which is |
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744 an alias for @samp{-fn}). |
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745 |
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746 @table @samp |
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747 @item -fn @var{name} |
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748 @opindex -fn |
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749 @itemx --font=@var{name} |
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750 @opindex --font |
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751 @cindex specify default font from the command line |
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752 Use font @var{name} as the default font. |
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753 @end table |
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754 |
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755 Under X, each font has a long name which consists of fourteen words |
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756 or numbers, separated by dashes. Some fonts also have shorter |
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757 nicknames. For instance, @samp{9x15} is such a nickname. This font |
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758 makes each character nine pixels wide and fifteen pixels high. You |
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759 can use either kind of name. Case is insignificant in both kinds. |
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760 You can use wildcard patterns for the font name; then Emacs lets X |
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761 choose one of the fonts that match the pattern. The wildcard |
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762 character @samp{*} matches any sequence of characters (including none) |
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763 and @samp{?} matches any single character. However, matching is |
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764 implementation-dependent, and can be inaccurate when wildcards match |
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765 dashes in a long name. For reliable results, supply all 14 dashes and |
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766 use wildcards only within a field. Here is an example, which happens |
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767 to specify the font whose nickname is @samp{6x13}: |
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768 |
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769 @smallexample |
44326 | 770 emacs -fn \ |
771 "-misc-fixed-medium-r-semicondensed--13-*-*-*-c-60-iso8859-1" & | |
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772 @end smallexample |
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773 |
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774 @noindent |
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775 You can also specify the font in your @file{.Xdefaults} file: |
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776 |
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777 @smallexample |
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778 emacs.font: -misc-fixed-medium-r-semicondensed--13-*-*-*-c-60-iso8859-1 |
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779 @end smallexample |
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780 |
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781 Note that if you use a wildcard pattern on the command line, you |
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782 need to enclose it in single or double quotes, to prevent the shell |
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783 from accidentally expanding it into a list of file names. On the |
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784 other hand, you should not quote the name in the @file{.Xdefaults} |
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785 file. |
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786 |
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787 The default font used by Emacs (under X) is: |
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788 |
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789 @smallexample |
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790 -adobe-courier-medium-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-iso8859-1 |
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791 @end smallexample |
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792 |
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793 A long font name has the following form: |
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794 |
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795 @smallexample |
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796 -@var{maker}-@var{family}-@var{weight}-@var{slant}-@var{widthtype}-@var{style}@dots{} |
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797 @dots{}-@var{pixels}-@var{height}-@var{horiz}-@var{vert}-@var{spacing}-@var{width}-@var{registry}-@var{encoding} |
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798 @end smallexample |
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799 |
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800 @table @var |
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801 @item maker |
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802 This is the name of the font manufacturer. |
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803 @item family |
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804 This is the name of the font family---for example, @samp{courier}. |
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805 @item weight |
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806 This is normally @samp{bold}, @samp{medium} or @samp{light}. Other |
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807 words may appear here in some font names. |
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808 @item slant |
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809 This is @samp{r} (roman), @samp{i} (italic), @samp{o} (oblique), |
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810 @samp{ri} (reverse italic), or @samp{ot} (other). |
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811 @item widthtype |
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812 This is normally @samp{condensed}, @samp{extended}, @samp{semicondensed} |
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813 or @samp{normal}. Other words may appear here in some font names. |
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814 @item style |
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815 This is an optional additional style name. Usually it is empty---most |
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816 long font names have two hyphens in a row at this point. |
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817 @item pixels |
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818 This is the font height, in pixels. |
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819 @item height |
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820 This is the font height on the screen, measured in tenths of a printer's |
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821 point---approximately 1/720 of an inch. In other words, it is the point |
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822 size of the font, times ten. For a given vertical resolution, |
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823 @var{height} and @var{pixels} are proportional; therefore, it is common |
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824 to specify just one of them and use @samp{*} for the other. |
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825 @item horiz |
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826 This is the horizontal resolution, in pixels per inch, of the screen for |
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827 which the font is intended. |
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828 @item vert |
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829 This is the vertical resolution, in pixels per inch, of the screen for |
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830 which the font is intended. Normally the resolution of the fonts on |
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831 your system is the right value for your screen; therefore, you normally |
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832 specify @samp{*} for this and @var{horiz}. |
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833 @item spacing |
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834 This is @samp{m} (monospace), @samp{p} (proportional) or @samp{c} |
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835 (character cell). |
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836 @item width |
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837 This is the average character width, in pixels, multiplied by ten. |
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838 @item registry |
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839 @itemx encoding |
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840 These together make up the X font character set that the font depicts. |
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841 (X font character sets are not the same as Emacs charsets, but they |
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842 are solutions for the same problem.) You can use the |
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843 @command{xfontsel} program to check which choices you have. However, |
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844 normally you should use @samp{iso8859} for @var{registry} and @samp{1} |
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845 for @var{encoding}. |
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846 @end table |
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847 |
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848 @cindex listing system fonts |
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849 You will probably want to use a fixed-width default font---that is, |
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850 a font in which all characters have the same width. Any font with |
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851 @samp{m} or @samp{c} in the @var{spacing} field of the long name is a |
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852 fixed-width font. Here's how to use the @command{xlsfonts} program to |
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853 list all the fixed-width fonts available on your system: |
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854 |
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855 @example |
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856 xlsfonts -fn '*x*' | egrep "^[0-9]+x[0-9]+" |
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857 xlsfonts -fn '*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-m*' |
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858 xlsfonts -fn '*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-c*' |
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859 @end example |
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860 |
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861 @noindent |
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862 To see what a particular font looks like, use the @command{xfd} command. |
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863 For example: |
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864 |
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865 @example |
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866 xfd -fn 6x13 |
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867 @end example |
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868 |
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869 @noindent |
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870 displays the entire font @samp{6x13}. |
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871 |
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872 While running Emacs, you can set the font of the current frame |
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873 (@pxref{Frame Parameters}) or for a specific kind of text |
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874 (@pxref{Faces}). |
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875 |
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876 @node Colors |
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877 @appendixsec Window Color Options |
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878 @cindex color of window |
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879 @cindex text colors, from command line |
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880 |
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881 @findex list-colors-display |
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882 @cindex available colors |
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883 On a color display, you can specify which color to use for various |
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884 parts of the Emacs display. To find out what colors are available on |
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885 your system, type @kbd{M-x list-colors-display}, or press |
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886 @kbd{C-Mouse-2} and select @samp{Display Colors} from the pop-up menu. |
59928
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|
887 (A particular window system might support many more colors, but the |
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|
888 list displayed by @code{list-colors-display} shows their portable |
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889 subset that can be safely used on any display supported by Emacs.) |
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890 If you do not specify colors, on windowed displays the default for the |
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891 background is white and the default for all other colors is black. On a |
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892 monochrome display, the foreground is black, the background is white, |
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893 and the border is gray if the display supports that. On terminals, the |
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894 background is usually black and the foreground is white. |
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895 |
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896 Here is a list of the command-line options for specifying colors: |
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897 |
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898 @table @samp |
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899 @item -fg @var{color} |
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900 @opindex -fg |
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901 @itemx --foreground-color=@var{color} |
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902 @opindex --foreground-color |
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903 @cindex foreground color, command-line argument |
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904 Specify the foreground color. @var{color} should be a standard color |
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905 name, or a numeric specification of the color's red, green, and blue |
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906 components as in @samp{#4682B4} or @samp{RGB:46/82/B4}. |
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907 @item -bg @var{color} |
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908 @opindex -bg |
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909 @itemx --background-color=@var{color} |
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910 @opindex --background-color |
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911 @cindex background color, command-line argument |
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912 Specify the background color. |
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913 @item -bd @var{color} |
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914 @opindex -bd |
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915 @itemx --border-color=@var{color} |
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916 @opindex --border-color |
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917 @cindex border color, command-line argument |
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918 Specify the color of the border of the X window. |
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919 @item -cr @var{color} |
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920 @opindex -cr |
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921 @itemx --cursor-color=@var{color} |
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922 @opindex --cursor-color |
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923 @cindex cursor color, command-line argument |
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924 Specify the color of the Emacs cursor which indicates where point is. |
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925 @item -ms @var{color} |
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926 @opindex -ms |
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927 @itemx --mouse-color=@var{color} |
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928 @opindex --mouse-color |
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929 @cindex mouse pointer color, command-line argument |
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930 Specify the color for the mouse cursor when the mouse is in the Emacs window. |
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|
931 @item -r |
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932 @opindex -r |
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933 @itemx -rv |
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934 @opindex -rv |
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935 @itemx --reverse-video |
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936 @opindex --reverse-video |
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937 @cindex reverse video, command-line argument |
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938 Reverse video---swap the foreground and background colors. |
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939 @item --color=@var{mode} |
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940 @opindex --color |
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941 @cindex standard colors on a character terminal |
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942 For a character terminal only, specify the mode of color support. The |
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943 parameter @var{mode} can be one of the following: |
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944 @table @samp |
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945 @item never |
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946 @itemx no |
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947 Don't use colors even if the terminal's capabilities specify color |
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948 support. |
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949 @item default |
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950 @itemx auto |
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951 Same as when @option{--color} is not used at all: Emacs detects at |
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952 startup whether the terminal supports colors, and if it does, turns on |
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953 colored display. |
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954 @item always |
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955 @itemx yes |
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956 @itemx ansi8 |
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957 Turn on the color support unconditionally, and use color commands |
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958 specified by the ANSI escape sequences for the 8 standard colors. |
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959 @item @var{num} |
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960 Use color mode for @var{num} colors. If @var{num} is -1, turn off |
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961 color support (equivalent to @samp{never}); if it is 0, use the |
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962 default color support for this terminal (equivalent to @samp{auto}); |
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963 otherwise use an appropriate standard mode for @var{num} colors. |
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964 Depending on your terminal's capabilities, Emacs might be able to turn |
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965 on a color mode for 8, 16, 88, or 256 as the value of @var{num}. If |
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966 there is no mode that supports @var{num} colors, Emacs acts as if |
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967 @var{num} were 0, i.e.@: it uses the terminal's default color support |
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968 mode. |
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969 @end table |
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970 If @var{mode} is omitted, it defaults to @var{ansi8}. |
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971 @end table |
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972 |
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973 For example, to use a coral mouse cursor and a slate blue text cursor, |
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974 enter: |
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975 |
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976 @example |
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977 emacs -ms coral -cr 'slate blue' & |
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978 @end example |
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979 |
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980 You can reverse the foreground and background colors through the |
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981 @samp{-rv} option or with the X resource @samp{reverseVideo}. |
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982 |
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983 The @samp{-fg}, @samp{-bg}, and @samp{-rv} options function on |
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984 text-only terminals as well as on window systems. |
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985 |
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986 @node Window Size X |
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987 @appendixsec Options for Window Size and Position |
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988 @cindex geometry of Emacs window |
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989 @cindex position and size of Emacs frame |
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990 @cindex width and height of Emacs frame |
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991 @cindex specifying fullscreen for Emacs frame |
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992 |
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993 Here is a list of the command-line options for specifying size and |
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994 position of the initial Emacs frame: |
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995 |
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996 @table @samp |
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997 @item -g @var{width}x@var{height}@r{[@{}+-@r{@}}@var{xoffset}@r{@{}+-@r{@}}@var{yoffset}@r{]]} |
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998 @opindex -g |
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999 @itemx --geometry=@var{width}x@var{height}@r{[@{}+-@r{@}}@var{xoffset}@r{@{}+-@r{@}}@var{yoffset}@r{]]} |
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1000 @opindex --geometry |
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1001 @cindex geometry, command-line argument |
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1002 Specify the size @var{width} and @var{height} (measured in character |
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1003 columns and lines), and positions @var{xoffset} and @var{yoffset} |
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1004 (measured in pixels). This applies to all frames. |
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1005 |
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1006 @item -fs |
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1007 @opindex -fs |
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1008 @itemx --fullscreen |
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1009 @opindex --fullscreen |
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1010 @cindex fullscreen, command-line argument |
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1011 Specify that width and height shall be the size of the screen. |
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1012 |
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1013 @item -fh |
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1014 @opindex -fh |
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1015 @itemx --fullheight |
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1016 @opindex --fullheight |
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1017 @cindex fullheight, command-line argument |
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1018 Specify that the height shall be the height of the screen. |
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1019 |
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1020 @item -fw |
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1021 @opindex -fw |
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1022 @itemx --fullwidth |
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1023 @opindex --fullwidth |
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1024 @cindex fullwidth, command-line argument |
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1025 Specify that the width shall be the width of the screen. |
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1026 @end table |
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1027 |
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1028 |
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1029 @noindent |
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1030 In the @samp{--geometry} option, @code{@r{@{}+-@r{@}}} means either a plus |
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1031 sign or a minus sign. A plus |
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1032 sign before @var{xoffset} means it is the distance from the left side of |
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1033 the screen; a minus sign means it counts from the right side. A plus |
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1034 sign before @var{yoffset} means it is the distance from the top of the |
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1035 screen, and a minus sign there indicates the distance from the bottom. |
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1036 The values @var{xoffset} and @var{yoffset} may themselves be positive or |
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1037 negative, but that doesn't change their meaning, only their direction. |
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1038 |
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1039 Emacs uses the same units as @command{xterm} does to interpret the geometry. |
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1040 The @var{width} and @var{height} are measured in characters, so a large font |
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1041 creates a larger frame than a small font. (If you specify a proportional |
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1042 font, Emacs uses its maximum bounds width as the width unit.) The |
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1043 @var{xoffset} and @var{yoffset} are measured in pixels. |
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1044 |
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|
1045 You do not have to specify all of the fields in the geometry |
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|
1046 specification. If you omit both @var{xoffset} and @var{yoffset}, the |
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
1047 window manager decides where to put the Emacs frame, possibly by |
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
1048 letting you place it with the mouse. For example, @samp{164x55} |
505956923015
Explain how enabling or disabling the tool bar affects specified geometry.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
1049 specifies a window 164 columns wide, enough for two ordinary width |
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|
1050 windows side by side, and 55 lines tall. |
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|
1051 |
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1052 The default width for Emacs is 80 characters and the default height is |
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1053 40 lines. You can omit either the width or the height or both. If |
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|
1054 you start the geometry with an integer, Emacs interprets it as the |
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|
1055 width. If you start with an @samp{x} followed by an integer, Emacs |
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|
1056 interprets it as the height. Thus, @samp{81} specifies just the width; |
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1057 @samp{x45} specifies just the height. |
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1058 |
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1059 If you start with @samp{+} or @samp{-}, that introduces an offset, |
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1060 which means both sizes are omitted. Thus, @samp{-3} specifies the |
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|
1061 @var{xoffset} only. (If you give just one offset, it is always |
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1062 @var{xoffset}.) @samp{+3-3} specifies both the @var{xoffset} and the |
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1063 @var{yoffset}, placing the frame near the bottom left of the screen. |
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|
1064 |
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|
1065 You can specify a default for any or all of the fields in |
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|
1066 @file{.Xdefaults} file, and then override selected fields with a |
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|
1067 @samp{--geometry} option. |
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1068 |
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|
1069 Since the mode line and the echo area occupy the last 2 lines of the |
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|
1070 frame, the height of the initial text window is 2 less than the height |
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|
1071 specified in your geometry. In non-X-toolkit versions of Emacs, the |
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|
1072 menu bar also takes one line of the specified number. But in the X |
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|
1073 toolkit version, the menu bar is additional and does not count against |
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|
1074 the specified height. The tool bar, if present, is also additional. |
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1075 |
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|
1076 Enabling or disabling the menu bar or tool bar alters the amount of |
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|
1077 space available for ordinary text. Therefore, if Emacs starts up with |
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|
1078 a tool bar (which is the default), and handles the geometry |
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Explain how enabling or disabling the tool bar affects specified geometry.
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|
1079 specification assuming there is a tool bar, and then your |
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Explain how enabling or disabling the tool bar affects specified geometry.
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|
1080 @file{~/.emacs} file disables the tool bar, you will end up with a |
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|
1081 frame geometry different from what you asked for. To get the intended |
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changeset
|
1082 size with no tool bar, use an X resource to specify ``no tool bar'' |
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|
1083 (@pxref{Table of Resources}); then Emacs will already know there's no |
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|
1084 tool bar when it processes the specified geometry. |
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Explain how enabling or disabling the tool bar affects specified geometry.
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parents:
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|
1085 |
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Explain how enabling or disabling the tool bar affects specified geometry.
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parents:
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|
1086 When using one of @samp{--fullscreen}, @samp{--fullwidth} or |
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|
1087 @samp{--fullheight} there may be some space around the frame |
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|
1088 anyway. That is because Emacs rounds the sizes so they are an |
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|
1089 even number of character heights and widths. |
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|
1090 |
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|
1091 Some window managers have options that can make them ignore both |
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|
1092 program-specified and user-specified positions (sawfish is one). |
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1093 If these are set, Emacs fails to position the window correctly. |
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|
1094 |
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1095 @node Borders X |
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1096 @appendixsec Internal and External Borders |
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1097 @cindex borders (X Window System) |
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|
1098 |
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1099 An Emacs frame has an internal border and an external border. The |
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1100 internal border is an extra strip of the background color around the |
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|
1101 text portion of the frame. Emacs itself draws the internal border. |
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|
1102 The external border is added by the window manager outside the frame; |
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1103 depending on the window manager you use, it may contain various boxes |
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1104 you can click on to move or iconify the window. |
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|
1105 |
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1106 @table @samp |
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1107 @item -ib @var{width} |
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1108 @opindex -ib |
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1109 @itemx --internal-border=@var{width} |
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1110 @opindex --internal-border |
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|
1111 @cindex internal border width, command-line argument |
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|
1112 Specify @var{width} as the width of the internal border (between the text |
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|
1113 and the main border), in pixels. |
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1114 |
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1115 @item -bw @var{width} |
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1116 @opindex -bw |
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1117 @itemx --border-width=@var{width} |
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1118 @opindex --border-width |
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1119 @cindex main border width, command-line argument |
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1120 Specify @var{width} as the width of the main border, in pixels. |
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1121 @end table |
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1122 |
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1123 When you specify the size of the frame, that does not count the |
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1124 borders. The frame's position is measured from the outside edge of the |
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1125 external border. |
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1126 |
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1127 Use the @samp{-ib @var{n}} option to specify an internal border |
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1128 @var{n} pixels wide. The default is 1. Use @samp{-bw @var{n}} to |
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1129 specify the width of the external border (though the window manager may |
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1130 not pay attention to what you specify). The default width of the |
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1131 external border is 2. |
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1132 |
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1133 @node Title X |
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1134 @appendixsec Frame Titles |
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1135 |
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1136 An Emacs frame may or may not have a specified title. The frame |
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1137 title, if specified, appears in window decorations and icons as the |
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1138 name of the frame. If an Emacs frame has no specified title, the |
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1139 default title has the form @samp{@var{invocation-name}@@@var{machine}} |
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1140 (if there is only one frame) or the selected window's buffer name (if |
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1141 there is more than one frame). |
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1142 |
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1143 You can specify a title for the initial Emacs frame with a command |
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1144 line option: |
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1145 |
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1146 @table @samp |
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1147 @item -T @var{title} |
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|
1148 @opindex -T |
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1149 @itemx --title=@var{title} |
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1150 @opindex --title |
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1151 @cindex frame title, command-line argument |
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1152 Specify @var{title} as the title for the initial Emacs frame. |
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1153 @end table |
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1154 |
41374
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1155 The @samp{--name} option (@pxref{Resources}) also specifies the title |
41369
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1156 for the initial Emacs frame. |
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1157 |
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1158 @node Icons X |
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1159 @appendixsec Icons |
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1160 @cindex icons (X Window System) |
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1161 |
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1162 Most window managers allow the user to ``iconify'' a frame, removing |
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1163 it from sight, and leaving a small, distinctive ``icon'' window in its |
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1164 place. Clicking on the icon window makes the frame itself appear again. |
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1165 If you have many clients running at once, you can avoid cluttering up |
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1166 the screen by iconifying most of the clients. |
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1167 |
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1168 @table @samp |
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1169 @item -i |
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1170 @opindex -i |
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1171 @itemx --icon-type |
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1172 @opindex --icon-type |
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1173 @cindex Emacs icon, a gnu |
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1174 Use a picture of a gnu as the Emacs icon. |
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1175 |
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1176 @item -iconic |
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1177 @opindex --iconic |
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1178 @itemx --iconic |
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1179 @cindex start iconified, command-line argument |
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1180 Start Emacs in iconified state. |
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1181 @end table |
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1182 |
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1183 The @samp{-i} or @samp{--icon-type} option tells Emacs to use an icon |
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1184 window containing a picture of the GNU gnu. If omitted, Emacs lets the |
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1185 window manager choose what sort of icon to use---usually just a small |
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1186 rectangle containing the frame's title. |
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1187 |
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1188 The @samp{-iconic} option tells Emacs to begin running as an icon, |
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1189 rather than showing a frame right away. In this situation, the icon |
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1190 is the only indication that Emacs has started; the text frame doesn't |
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1191 appear until you deiconify it. |
52401 | 1192 |
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1193 @node Misc X |
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1194 @appendixsec Other Display Options |
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1195 |
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1196 @table @samp |
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1197 @item -hb |
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1198 @opindex -hb |
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1199 @itemx --horizontal-scroll-bars |
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1200 @opindex --horizontal-scroll-bars |
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1201 @c @cindex horizontal scroll bars, command-line argument |
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1202 Enable horizontal scroll bars. Since horizontal scroll bars |
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1203 are not yet implemented, this actually does nothing. |
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1204 |
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1205 @item -vb |
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1206 @opindex -vb |
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1207 @itemx --vertical-scroll-bars |
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1208 @opindex --vertical-scroll-bars |
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1209 @cindex vertical scroll bars, command-line argument |
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1210 Enable vertical scroll bars. |
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1211 |
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1212 @item -lsp @var{pixels} |
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1213 @opindex -lsp |
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1214 @itemx --line-spacing=@var{pixels} |
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1215 @opindex --line-spacing |
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1216 @cindex line spacing, command-line argument |
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1217 Specify @var{pixels} as additional space to put between lines, in pixels. |
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1218 |
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1219 @item -nbc |
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1220 @opindex -nbc |
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1221 @itemx --no-blinking-cursor |
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1222 @opindex --no-blinking-cursor |
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1223 @cindex blinking cursor disable, command-line argument |
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1224 Disable the blinking cursor on graphical terminals. |
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1225 @end table |
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1226 |
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1227 The @samp{--xrm} option (@pxref{Resources}) specifies additional |
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1228 X resource values. |
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1229 |
52401 | 1230 @ignore |
1231 arch-tag: fffecd9e-7329-4a51-a3cc-dd4a9889340e | |
1232 @end ignore |