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annotate lisp/calc/calc-poly.el @ 42336:ee21403198b5
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author | Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk> |
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date | Tue, 25 Dec 2001 23:34:45 +0000 |
parents | fcd507927105 |
children | f4d68f97221e |
rev | line source |
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1 ;;; calc-poly.el --- polynomial functions for Calc |
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2 |
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3 ;; Copyright (C) 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
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4 |
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5 ;; Author: David Gillespie <daveg@synaptics.com> |
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6 ;; Maintainer: Colin Walters <walters@debian.org> |
40785 | 7 |
8 ;; This file is part of GNU Emacs. | |
9 | |
10 ;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, | |
11 ;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY. No author or distributor | |
12 ;; accepts responsibility to anyone for the consequences of using it | |
13 ;; or for whether it serves any particular purpose or works at all, | |
14 ;; unless he says so in writing. Refer to the GNU Emacs General Public | |
15 ;; License for full details. | |
16 | |
17 ;; Everyone is granted permission to copy, modify and redistribute | |
18 ;; GNU Emacs, but only under the conditions described in the | |
19 ;; GNU Emacs General Public License. A copy of this license is | |
20 ;; supposed to have been given to you along with GNU Emacs so you | |
21 ;; can know your rights and responsibilities. It should be in a | |
22 ;; file named COPYING. Among other things, the copyright notice | |
23 ;; and this notice must be preserved on all copies. | |
24 | |
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25 ;;; Commentary: |
40785 | 26 |
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27 ;;; Code: |
40785 | 28 |
29 ;; This file is autoloaded from calc-ext.el. | |
30 (require 'calc-ext) | |
31 | |
32 (require 'calc-macs) | |
33 | |
34 (defun calc-Need-calc-poly () nil) | |
35 | |
36 | |
37 (defun calcFunc-pcont (expr &optional var) | |
38 (cond ((Math-primp expr) | |
39 (cond ((Math-zerop expr) 1) | |
40 ((Math-messy-integerp expr) (math-trunc expr)) | |
41 ((Math-objectp expr) expr) | |
42 ((or (equal expr var) (not var)) 1) | |
43 (t expr))) | |
44 ((eq (car expr) '*) | |
45 (math-mul (calcFunc-pcont (nth 1 expr) var) | |
46 (calcFunc-pcont (nth 2 expr) var))) | |
47 ((eq (car expr) '/) | |
48 (math-div (calcFunc-pcont (nth 1 expr) var) | |
49 (calcFunc-pcont (nth 2 expr) var))) | |
50 ((and (eq (car expr) '^) (Math-natnump (nth 2 expr))) | |
51 (math-pow (calcFunc-pcont (nth 1 expr) var) (nth 2 expr))) | |
52 ((memq (car expr) '(neg polar)) | |
53 (calcFunc-pcont (nth 1 expr) var)) | |
54 ((consp var) | |
55 (let ((p (math-is-polynomial expr var))) | |
56 (if p | |
57 (let ((lead (nth (1- (length p)) p)) | |
58 (cont (math-poly-gcd-list p))) | |
59 (if (math-guess-if-neg lead) | |
60 (math-neg cont) | |
61 cont)) | |
62 1))) | |
63 ((memq (car expr) '(+ - cplx sdev)) | |
64 (let ((cont (calcFunc-pcont (nth 1 expr) var))) | |
65 (if (eq cont 1) | |
66 1 | |
67 (let ((c2 (calcFunc-pcont (nth 2 expr) var))) | |
68 (if (and (math-negp cont) | |
69 (if (eq (car expr) '-) (math-posp c2) (math-negp c2))) | |
70 (math-neg (math-poly-gcd cont c2)) | |
71 (math-poly-gcd cont c2)))))) | |
72 (var expr) | |
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73 (t 1))) |
40785 | 74 |
75 (defun calcFunc-pprim (expr &optional var) | |
76 (let ((cont (calcFunc-pcont expr var))) | |
77 (if (math-equal-int cont 1) | |
78 expr | |
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79 (math-poly-div-exact expr cont var)))) |
40785 | 80 |
81 (defun math-div-poly-const (expr c) | |
82 (cond ((memq (car-safe expr) '(+ -)) | |
83 (list (car expr) | |
84 (math-div-poly-const (nth 1 expr) c) | |
85 (math-div-poly-const (nth 2 expr) c))) | |
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86 (t (math-div expr c)))) |
40785 | 87 |
88 (defun calcFunc-pdeg (expr &optional var) | |
89 (if (Math-zerop expr) | |
90 '(neg (var inf var-inf)) | |
91 (if var | |
92 (or (math-polynomial-p expr var) | |
93 (math-reject-arg expr "Expected a polynomial")) | |
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94 (math-poly-degree expr)))) |
40785 | 95 |
96 (defun math-poly-degree (expr) | |
97 (cond ((Math-primp expr) | |
98 (if (eq (car-safe expr) 'var) 1 0)) | |
99 ((eq (car expr) 'neg) | |
100 (math-poly-degree (nth 1 expr))) | |
101 ((eq (car expr) '*) | |
102 (+ (math-poly-degree (nth 1 expr)) | |
103 (math-poly-degree (nth 2 expr)))) | |
104 ((eq (car expr) '/) | |
105 (- (math-poly-degree (nth 1 expr)) | |
106 (math-poly-degree (nth 2 expr)))) | |
107 ((and (eq (car expr) '^) (natnump (nth 2 expr))) | |
108 (* (math-poly-degree (nth 1 expr)) (nth 2 expr))) | |
109 ((memq (car expr) '(+ -)) | |
110 (max (math-poly-degree (nth 1 expr)) | |
111 (math-poly-degree (nth 2 expr)))) | |
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112 (t 1))) |
40785 | 113 |
114 (defun calcFunc-plead (expr var) | |
115 (cond ((eq (car-safe expr) '*) | |
116 (math-mul (calcFunc-plead (nth 1 expr) var) | |
117 (calcFunc-plead (nth 2 expr) var))) | |
118 ((eq (car-safe expr) '/) | |
119 (math-div (calcFunc-plead (nth 1 expr) var) | |
120 (calcFunc-plead (nth 2 expr) var))) | |
121 ((and (eq (car-safe expr) '^) (math-natnump (nth 2 expr))) | |
122 (math-pow (calcFunc-plead (nth 1 expr) var) (nth 2 expr))) | |
123 ((Math-primp expr) | |
124 (if (equal expr var) | |
125 1 | |
126 expr)) | |
127 (t | |
128 (let ((p (math-is-polynomial expr var))) | |
129 (if (cdr p) | |
130 (nth (1- (length p)) p) | |
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131 1))))) |
40785 | 132 |
133 | |
134 | |
135 | |
136 | |
137 ;;; Polynomial quotient, remainder, and GCD. | |
138 ;;; Originally by Ove Ewerlid (ewerlid@mizar.DoCS.UU.SE). | |
139 ;;; Modifications and simplifications by daveg. | |
140 | |
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141 (defvar math-poly-modulus 1) |
40785 | 142 |
143 ;;; Return gcd of two polynomials | |
144 (defun calcFunc-pgcd (pn pd) | |
145 (if (math-any-floats pn) | |
146 (math-reject-arg pn "Coefficients must be rational")) | |
147 (if (math-any-floats pd) | |
148 (math-reject-arg pd "Coefficients must be rational")) | |
149 (let ((calc-prefer-frac t) | |
150 (math-poly-modulus (math-poly-modulus pn pd))) | |
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151 (math-poly-gcd pn pd))) |
40785 | 152 |
153 ;;; Return only quotient to top of stack (nil if zero) | |
154 (defun calcFunc-pdiv (pn pd &optional base) | |
155 (let* ((calc-prefer-frac t) | |
156 (math-poly-modulus (math-poly-modulus pn pd)) | |
157 (res (math-poly-div pn pd base))) | |
158 (setq calc-poly-div-remainder (cdr res)) | |
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159 (car res))) |
40785 | 160 |
161 ;;; Return only remainder to top of stack | |
162 (defun calcFunc-prem (pn pd &optional base) | |
163 (let ((calc-prefer-frac t) | |
164 (math-poly-modulus (math-poly-modulus pn pd))) | |
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165 (cdr (math-poly-div pn pd base)))) |
40785 | 166 |
167 (defun calcFunc-pdivrem (pn pd &optional base) | |
168 (let* ((calc-prefer-frac t) | |
169 (math-poly-modulus (math-poly-modulus pn pd)) | |
170 (res (math-poly-div pn pd base))) | |
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171 (list 'vec (car res) (cdr res)))) |
40785 | 172 |
173 (defun calcFunc-pdivide (pn pd &optional base) | |
174 (let* ((calc-prefer-frac t) | |
175 (math-poly-modulus (math-poly-modulus pn pd)) | |
176 (res (math-poly-div pn pd base))) | |
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177 (math-add (car res) (math-div (cdr res) pd)))) |
40785 | 178 |
179 | |
180 ;;; Multiply two terms, expanding out products of sums. | |
181 (defun math-mul-thru (lhs rhs) | |
182 (if (memq (car-safe lhs) '(+ -)) | |
183 (list (car lhs) | |
184 (math-mul-thru (nth 1 lhs) rhs) | |
185 (math-mul-thru (nth 2 lhs) rhs)) | |
186 (if (memq (car-safe rhs) '(+ -)) | |
187 (list (car rhs) | |
188 (math-mul-thru lhs (nth 1 rhs)) | |
189 (math-mul-thru lhs (nth 2 rhs))) | |
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190 (math-mul lhs rhs)))) |
40785 | 191 |
192 (defun math-div-thru (num den) | |
193 (if (memq (car-safe num) '(+ -)) | |
194 (list (car num) | |
195 (math-div-thru (nth 1 num) den) | |
196 (math-div-thru (nth 2 num) den)) | |
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197 (math-div num den))) |
40785 | 198 |
199 | |
200 ;;; Sort the terms of a sum into canonical order. | |
201 (defun math-sort-terms (expr) | |
202 (if (memq (car-safe expr) '(+ -)) | |
203 (math-list-to-sum | |
204 (sort (math-sum-to-list expr) | |
205 (function (lambda (a b) (math-beforep (car a) (car b)))))) | |
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206 expr)) |
40785 | 207 |
208 (defun math-list-to-sum (lst) | |
209 (if (cdr lst) | |
210 (list (if (cdr (car lst)) '- '+) | |
211 (math-list-to-sum (cdr lst)) | |
212 (car (car lst))) | |
213 (if (cdr (car lst)) | |
214 (math-neg (car (car lst))) | |
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215 (car (car lst))))) |
40785 | 216 |
217 (defun math-sum-to-list (tree &optional neg) | |
218 (cond ((eq (car-safe tree) '+) | |
219 (nconc (math-sum-to-list (nth 1 tree) neg) | |
220 (math-sum-to-list (nth 2 tree) neg))) | |
221 ((eq (car-safe tree) '-) | |
222 (nconc (math-sum-to-list (nth 1 tree) neg) | |
223 (math-sum-to-list (nth 2 tree) (not neg)))) | |
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224 (t (list (cons tree neg))))) |
40785 | 225 |
226 ;;; Check if the polynomial coefficients are modulo forms. | |
227 (defun math-poly-modulus (expr &optional expr2) | |
228 (or (math-poly-modulus-rec expr) | |
229 (and expr2 (math-poly-modulus-rec expr2)) | |
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230 1)) |
40785 | 231 |
232 (defun math-poly-modulus-rec (expr) | |
233 (if (and (eq (car-safe expr) 'mod) (Math-natnump (nth 2 expr))) | |
234 (list 'mod 1 (nth 2 expr)) | |
235 (and (memq (car-safe expr) '(+ - * /)) | |
236 (or (math-poly-modulus-rec (nth 1 expr)) | |
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237 (math-poly-modulus-rec (nth 2 expr)))))) |
40785 | 238 |
239 | |
240 ;;; Divide two polynomials. Return (quotient . remainder). | |
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241 (defvar math-poly-div-base nil) |
40785 | 242 (defun math-poly-div (u v &optional math-poly-div-base) |
243 (if math-poly-div-base | |
244 (math-do-poly-div u v) | |
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245 (math-do-poly-div (calcFunc-expand u) (calcFunc-expand v)))) |
40785 | 246 |
247 (defun math-poly-div-exact (u v &optional base) | |
248 (let ((res (math-poly-div u v base))) | |
249 (if (eq (cdr res) 0) | |
250 (car res) | |
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251 (math-reject-arg (list 'vec u v) "Argument is not a polynomial")))) |
40785 | 252 |
253 (defun math-do-poly-div (u v) | |
254 (cond ((math-constp u) | |
255 (if (math-constp v) | |
256 (cons (math-div u v) 0) | |
257 (cons 0 u))) | |
258 ((math-constp v) | |
259 (cons (if (eq v 1) | |
260 u | |
261 (if (memq (car-safe u) '(+ -)) | |
262 (math-add-or-sub (math-poly-div-exact (nth 1 u) v) | |
263 (math-poly-div-exact (nth 2 u) v) | |
264 nil (eq (car u) '-)) | |
265 (math-div u v))) | |
266 0)) | |
267 ((Math-equal u v) | |
268 (cons math-poly-modulus 0)) | |
269 ((and (math-atomic-factorp u) (math-atomic-factorp v)) | |
270 (cons (math-simplify (math-div u v)) 0)) | |
271 (t | |
272 (let ((base (or math-poly-div-base | |
273 (math-poly-div-base u v))) | |
274 vp up res) | |
275 (if (or (null base) | |
276 (null (setq vp (math-is-polynomial v base nil 'gen)))) | |
277 (cons 0 u) | |
278 (setq up (math-is-polynomial u base nil 'gen) | |
279 res (math-poly-div-coefs up vp)) | |
280 (cons (math-build-polynomial-expr (car res) base) | |
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281 (math-build-polynomial-expr (cdr res) base))))))) |
40785 | 282 |
283 (defun math-poly-div-rec (u v) | |
284 (cond ((math-constp u) | |
285 (math-div u v)) | |
286 ((math-constp v) | |
287 (if (eq v 1) | |
288 u | |
289 (if (memq (car-safe u) '(+ -)) | |
290 (math-add-or-sub (math-poly-div-rec (nth 1 u) v) | |
291 (math-poly-div-rec (nth 2 u) v) | |
292 nil (eq (car u) '-)) | |
293 (math-div u v)))) | |
294 ((Math-equal u v) math-poly-modulus) | |
295 ((and (math-atomic-factorp u) (math-atomic-factorp v)) | |
296 (math-simplify (math-div u v))) | |
297 (math-poly-div-base | |
298 (math-div u v)) | |
299 (t | |
300 (let ((base (math-poly-div-base u v)) | |
301 vp up res) | |
302 (if (or (null base) | |
303 (null (setq vp (math-is-polynomial v base nil 'gen)))) | |
304 (math-div u v) | |
305 (setq up (math-is-polynomial u base nil 'gen) | |
306 res (math-poly-div-coefs up vp)) | |
307 (math-add (math-build-polynomial-expr (car res) base) | |
308 (math-div (math-build-polynomial-expr (cdr res) base) | |
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309 v))))))) |
40785 | 310 |
311 ;;; Divide two polynomials in coefficient-list form. Return (quot . rem). | |
312 (defun math-poly-div-coefs (u v) | |
313 (cond ((null v) (math-reject-arg nil "Division by zero")) | |
314 ((< (length u) (length v)) (cons nil u)) | |
315 ((cdr u) | |
316 (let ((q nil) | |
317 (urev (reverse u)) | |
318 (vrev (reverse v))) | |
319 (while | |
320 (let ((qk (math-poly-div-rec (math-simplify (car urev)) | |
321 (car vrev))) | |
322 (up urev) | |
323 (vp vrev)) | |
324 (if (or q (not (math-zerop qk))) | |
325 (setq q (cons qk q))) | |
326 (while (setq up (cdr up) vp (cdr vp)) | |
327 (setcar up (math-sub (car up) (math-mul-thru qk (car vp))))) | |
328 (setq urev (cdr urev)) | |
329 up)) | |
330 (while (and urev (Math-zerop (car urev))) | |
331 (setq urev (cdr urev))) | |
332 (cons q (nreverse (mapcar 'math-simplify urev))))) | |
333 (t | |
334 (cons (list (math-poly-div-rec (car u) (car v))) | |
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335 nil)))) |
40785 | 336 |
337 ;;; Perform a pseudo-division of polynomials. (See Knuth section 4.6.1.) | |
338 ;;; This returns only the remainder from the pseudo-division. | |
339 (defun math-poly-pseudo-div (u v) | |
340 (cond ((null v) nil) | |
341 ((< (length u) (length v)) u) | |
342 ((or (cdr u) (cdr v)) | |
343 (let ((urev (reverse u)) | |
344 (vrev (reverse v)) | |
345 up) | |
346 (while | |
347 (let ((vp vrev)) | |
348 (setq up urev) | |
349 (while (setq up (cdr up) vp (cdr vp)) | |
350 (setcar up (math-sub (math-mul-thru (car vrev) (car up)) | |
351 (math-mul-thru (car urev) (car vp))))) | |
352 (setq urev (cdr urev)) | |
353 up) | |
354 (while up | |
355 (setcar up (math-mul-thru (car vrev) (car up))) | |
356 (setq up (cdr up)))) | |
357 (while (and urev (Math-zerop (car urev))) | |
358 (setq urev (cdr urev))) | |
359 (nreverse (mapcar 'math-simplify urev)))) | |
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360 (t nil))) |
40785 | 361 |
362 ;;; Compute the GCD of two multivariate polynomials. | |
363 (defun math-poly-gcd (u v) | |
364 (cond ((Math-equal u v) u) | |
365 ((math-constp u) | |
366 (if (Math-zerop u) | |
367 v | |
368 (calcFunc-gcd u (calcFunc-pcont v)))) | |
369 ((math-constp v) | |
370 (if (Math-zerop v) | |
371 v | |
372 (calcFunc-gcd v (calcFunc-pcont u)))) | |
373 (t | |
374 (let ((base (math-poly-gcd-base u v))) | |
375 (if base | |
376 (math-simplify | |
377 (calcFunc-expand | |
378 (math-build-polynomial-expr | |
379 (math-poly-gcd-coefs (math-is-polynomial u base nil 'gen) | |
380 (math-is-polynomial v base nil 'gen)) | |
381 base))) | |
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382 (calcFunc-gcd (calcFunc-pcont u) (calcFunc-pcont u))))))) |
40785 | 383 |
384 (defun math-poly-div-list (lst a) | |
385 (if (eq a 1) | |
386 lst | |
387 (if (eq a -1) | |
388 (math-mul-list lst a) | |
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389 (mapcar (function (lambda (x) (math-poly-div-exact x a))) lst)))) |
40785 | 390 |
391 (defun math-mul-list (lst a) | |
392 (if (eq a 1) | |
393 lst | |
394 (if (eq a -1) | |
395 (mapcar 'math-neg lst) | |
396 (and (not (eq a 0)) | |
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397 (mapcar (function (lambda (x) (math-mul x a))) lst))))) |
40785 | 398 |
399 ;;; Run GCD on all elements in a list. | |
400 (defun math-poly-gcd-list (lst) | |
401 (if (or (memq 1 lst) (memq -1 lst)) | |
402 (math-poly-gcd-frac-list lst) | |
403 (let ((gcd (car lst))) | |
404 (while (and (setq lst (cdr lst)) (not (eq gcd 1))) | |
405 (or (eq (car lst) 0) | |
406 (setq gcd (math-poly-gcd gcd (car lst))))) | |
407 (if lst (setq lst (math-poly-gcd-frac-list lst))) | |
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408 gcd))) |
40785 | 409 |
410 (defun math-poly-gcd-frac-list (lst) | |
411 (while (and lst (not (eq (car-safe (car lst)) 'frac))) | |
412 (setq lst (cdr lst))) | |
413 (if lst | |
414 (let ((denom (nth 2 (car lst)))) | |
415 (while (setq lst (cdr lst)) | |
416 (if (eq (car-safe (car lst)) 'frac) | |
417 (setq denom (calcFunc-lcm denom (nth 2 (car lst)))))) | |
418 (list 'frac 1 denom)) | |
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419 1)) |
40785 | 420 |
421 ;;; Compute the GCD of two monovariate polynomial lists. | |
422 ;;; Knuth section 4.6.1, algorithm C. | |
423 (defun math-poly-gcd-coefs (u v) | |
424 (let ((d (math-poly-gcd (math-poly-gcd-list u) | |
425 (math-poly-gcd-list v))) | |
426 (g 1) (h 1) (z 0) hh r delta ghd) | |
427 (while (and u v (Math-zerop (car u)) (Math-zerop (car v))) | |
428 (setq u (cdr u) v (cdr v) z (1+ z))) | |
429 (or (eq d 1) | |
430 (setq u (math-poly-div-list u d) | |
431 v (math-poly-div-list v d))) | |
432 (while (progn | |
433 (setq delta (- (length u) (length v))) | |
434 (if (< delta 0) | |
435 (setq r u u v v r delta (- delta))) | |
436 (setq r (math-poly-pseudo-div u v)) | |
437 (cdr r)) | |
438 (setq u v | |
439 v (math-poly-div-list r (math-mul g (math-pow h delta))) | |
440 g (nth (1- (length u)) u) | |
441 h (if (<= delta 1) | |
442 (math-mul (math-pow g delta) (math-pow h (- 1 delta))) | |
443 (math-poly-div-exact (math-pow g delta) | |
444 (math-pow h (1- delta)))))) | |
445 (setq v (if r | |
446 (list d) | |
447 (math-mul-list (math-poly-div-list v (math-poly-gcd-list v)) d))) | |
448 (if (math-guess-if-neg (nth (1- (length v)) v)) | |
449 (setq v (math-mul-list v -1))) | |
450 (while (>= (setq z (1- z)) 0) | |
451 (setq v (cons 0 v))) | |
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452 v)) |
40785 | 453 |
454 | |
455 ;;; Return true if is a factor containing no sums or quotients. | |
456 (defun math-atomic-factorp (expr) | |
457 (cond ((eq (car-safe expr) '*) | |
458 (and (math-atomic-factorp (nth 1 expr)) | |
459 (math-atomic-factorp (nth 2 expr)))) | |
460 ((memq (car-safe expr) '(+ - /)) | |
461 nil) | |
462 ((memq (car-safe expr) '(^ neg)) | |
463 (math-atomic-factorp (nth 1 expr))) | |
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464 (t t))) |
40785 | 465 |
466 ;;; Find a suitable base for dividing a by b. | |
467 ;;; The base must exist in both expressions. | |
468 ;;; The degree in the numerator must be higher or equal than the | |
469 ;;; degree in the denominator. | |
470 ;;; If the above conditions are not met the quotient is just a remainder. | |
471 ;;; Return nil if this is the case. | |
472 | |
473 (defun math-poly-div-base (a b) | |
474 (let (a-base b-base) | |
475 (and (setq a-base (math-total-polynomial-base a)) | |
476 (setq b-base (math-total-polynomial-base b)) | |
477 (catch 'return | |
478 (while a-base | |
479 (let ((maybe (assoc (car (car a-base)) b-base))) | |
480 (if maybe | |
481 (if (>= (nth 1 (car a-base)) (nth 1 maybe)) | |
482 (throw 'return (car (car a-base)))))) | |
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483 (setq a-base (cdr a-base))))))) |
40785 | 484 |
485 ;;; Same as above but for gcd algorithm. | |
486 ;;; Here there is no requirement that degree(a) > degree(b). | |
487 ;;; Take the base that has the highest degree considering both a and b. | |
488 ;;; ("a^20+b^21+x^3+a+b", "a+b^2+x^5+a^22+b^10") --> (a 22) | |
489 | |
490 (defun math-poly-gcd-base (a b) | |
491 (let (a-base b-base) | |
492 (and (setq a-base (math-total-polynomial-base a)) | |
493 (setq b-base (math-total-polynomial-base b)) | |
494 (catch 'return | |
495 (while (and a-base b-base) | |
496 (if (> (nth 1 (car a-base)) (nth 1 (car b-base))) | |
497 (if (assoc (car (car a-base)) b-base) | |
498 (throw 'return (car (car a-base))) | |
499 (setq a-base (cdr a-base))) | |
500 (if (assoc (car (car b-base)) a-base) | |
501 (throw 'return (car (car b-base))) | |
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502 (setq b-base (cdr b-base))))))))) |
40785 | 503 |
504 ;;; Sort a list of polynomial bases. | |
505 (defun math-sort-poly-base-list (lst) | |
506 (sort lst (function (lambda (a b) | |
507 (or (> (nth 1 a) (nth 1 b)) | |
508 (and (= (nth 1 a) (nth 1 b)) | |
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509 (math-beforep (car a) (car b)))))))) |
40785 | 510 |
511 ;;; Given an expression find all variables that are polynomial bases. | |
512 ;;; Return list in the form '( (var1 degree1) (var2 degree2) ... ). | |
513 ;;; Note dynamic scope of mpb-total-base. | |
514 (defun math-total-polynomial-base (expr) | |
515 (let ((mpb-total-base nil)) | |
516 (math-polynomial-base expr 'math-polynomial-p1) | |
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517 (math-sort-poly-base-list mpb-total-base))) |
40785 | 518 |
519 (defun math-polynomial-p1 (subexpr) | |
520 (or (assoc subexpr mpb-total-base) | |
521 (memq (car subexpr) '(+ - * / neg)) | |
522 (and (eq (car subexpr) '^) (natnump (nth 2 subexpr))) | |
523 (let* ((math-poly-base-variable subexpr) | |
524 (exponent (math-polynomial-p mpb-top-expr subexpr))) | |
525 (if exponent | |
526 (setq mpb-total-base (cons (list subexpr exponent) | |
527 mpb-total-base))))) | |
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528 nil) |
40785 | 529 |
530 | |
531 | |
532 | |
533 (defun calcFunc-factors (expr &optional var) | |
534 (let ((math-factored-vars (if var t nil)) | |
535 (math-to-list t) | |
536 (calc-prefer-frac t)) | |
537 (or var | |
538 (setq var (math-polynomial-base expr))) | |
539 (let ((res (math-factor-finish | |
540 (or (catch 'factor (math-factor-expr-try var)) | |
541 expr)))) | |
542 (math-simplify (if (math-vectorp res) | |
543 res | |
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544 (list 'vec (list 'vec res 1))))))) |
40785 | 545 |
546 (defun calcFunc-factor (expr &optional var) | |
547 (let ((math-factored-vars nil) | |
548 (math-to-list nil) | |
549 (calc-prefer-frac t)) | |
550 (math-simplify (math-factor-finish | |
551 (if var | |
552 (let ((math-factored-vars t)) | |
553 (or (catch 'factor (math-factor-expr-try var)) expr)) | |
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554 (math-factor-expr expr)))))) |
40785 | 555 |
556 (defun math-factor-finish (x) | |
557 (if (Math-primp x) | |
558 x | |
559 (if (eq (car x) 'calcFunc-Fac-Prot) | |
560 (math-factor-finish (nth 1 x)) | |
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561 (cons (car x) (mapcar 'math-factor-finish (cdr x)))))) |
40785 | 562 |
563 (defun math-factor-protect (x) | |
564 (if (memq (car-safe x) '(+ -)) | |
565 (list 'calcFunc-Fac-Prot x) | |
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566 x)) |
40785 | 567 |
568 (defun math-factor-expr (expr) | |
569 (cond ((eq math-factored-vars t) expr) | |
570 ((or (memq (car-safe expr) '(* / ^ neg)) | |
571 (assq (car-safe expr) calc-tweak-eqn-table)) | |
572 (cons (car expr) (mapcar 'math-factor-expr (cdr expr)))) | |
573 ((memq (car-safe expr) '(+ -)) | |
574 (let* ((math-factored-vars math-factored-vars) | |
575 (y (catch 'factor (math-factor-expr-part expr)))) | |
576 (if y | |
577 (math-factor-expr y) | |
578 expr))) | |
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579 (t expr))) |
40785 | 580 |
581 (defun math-factor-expr-part (x) ; uses "expr" | |
582 (if (memq (car-safe x) '(+ - * / ^ neg)) | |
583 (while (setq x (cdr x)) | |
584 (math-factor-expr-part (car x))) | |
585 (and (not (Math-objvecp x)) | |
586 (not (assoc x math-factored-vars)) | |
587 (> (math-factor-contains expr x) 1) | |
588 (setq math-factored-vars (cons (list x) math-factored-vars)) | |
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589 (math-factor-expr-try x)))) |
40785 | 590 |
591 (defun math-factor-expr-try (x) | |
592 (if (eq (car-safe expr) '*) | |
593 (let ((res1 (catch 'factor (let ((expr (nth 1 expr))) | |
594 (math-factor-expr-try x)))) | |
595 (res2 (catch 'factor (let ((expr (nth 2 expr))) | |
596 (math-factor-expr-try x))))) | |
597 (and (or res1 res2) | |
598 (throw 'factor (math-accum-factors (or res1 (nth 1 expr)) 1 | |
599 (or res2 (nth 2 expr)))))) | |
600 (let* ((p (math-is-polynomial expr x 30 'gen)) | |
601 (math-poly-modulus (math-poly-modulus expr)) | |
602 res) | |
603 (and (cdr p) | |
604 (setq res (math-factor-poly-coefs p)) | |
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605 (throw 'factor res))))) |
40785 | 606 |
607 (defun math-accum-factors (fac pow facs) | |
608 (if math-to-list | |
609 (if (math-vectorp fac) | |
610 (progn | |
611 (while (setq fac (cdr fac)) | |
612 (setq facs (math-accum-factors (nth 1 (car fac)) | |
613 (* pow (nth 2 (car fac))) | |
614 facs))) | |
615 facs) | |
616 (if (and (eq (car-safe fac) '^) (natnump (nth 2 fac))) | |
617 (setq pow (* pow (nth 2 fac)) | |
618 fac (nth 1 fac))) | |
619 (if (eq fac 1) | |
620 facs | |
621 (or (math-vectorp facs) | |
622 (setq facs (if (eq facs 1) '(vec) | |
623 (list 'vec (list 'vec facs 1))))) | |
624 (let ((found facs)) | |
625 (while (and (setq found (cdr found)) | |
626 (not (equal fac (nth 1 (car found)))))) | |
627 (if found | |
628 (progn | |
629 (setcar (cdr (cdr (car found))) (+ pow (nth 2 (car found)))) | |
630 facs) | |
631 ;; Put constant term first. | |
632 (if (and (cdr facs) (Math-ratp (nth 1 (nth 1 facs)))) | |
633 (cons 'vec (cons (nth 1 facs) (cons (list 'vec fac pow) | |
634 (cdr (cdr facs))))) | |
635 (cons 'vec (cons (list 'vec fac pow) (cdr facs)))))))) | |
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636 (math-mul (math-pow fac pow) facs))) |
40785 | 637 |
638 (defun math-factor-poly-coefs (p &optional square-free) ; uses "x" | |
639 (let (t1 t2) | |
640 (cond ((not (cdr p)) | |
641 (or (car p) 0)) | |
642 | |
643 ;; Strip off multiples of x. | |
644 ((Math-zerop (car p)) | |
645 (let ((z 0)) | |
646 (while (and p (Math-zerop (car p))) | |
647 (setq z (1+ z) p (cdr p))) | |
648 (if (cdr p) | |
649 (setq p (math-factor-poly-coefs p square-free)) | |
650 (setq p (math-sort-terms (math-factor-expr (car p))))) | |
651 (math-accum-factors x z (math-factor-protect p)))) | |
652 | |
653 ;; Factor out content. | |
654 ((and (not square-free) | |
655 (not (eq 1 (setq t1 (math-mul (math-poly-gcd-list p) | |
656 (if (math-guess-if-neg | |
657 (nth (1- (length p)) p)) | |
658 -1 1)))))) | |
659 (math-accum-factors t1 1 (math-factor-poly-coefs | |
660 (math-poly-div-list p t1) 'cont))) | |
661 | |
662 ;; Check if linear in x. | |
663 ((not (cdr (cdr p))) | |
664 (math-add (math-factor-protect | |
665 (math-sort-terms | |
666 (math-factor-expr (car p)))) | |
667 (math-mul x (math-factor-protect | |
668 (math-sort-terms | |
669 (math-factor-expr (nth 1 p))))))) | |
670 | |
671 ;; If symbolic coefficients, use FactorRules. | |
672 ((let ((pp p)) | |
673 (while (and pp (or (Math-ratp (car pp)) | |
674 (and (eq (car (car pp)) 'mod) | |
675 (Math-integerp (nth 1 (car pp))) | |
676 (Math-integerp (nth 2 (car pp)))))) | |
677 (setq pp (cdr pp))) | |
678 pp) | |
679 (let ((res (math-rewrite | |
680 (list 'calcFunc-thecoefs x (cons 'vec p)) | |
681 '(var FactorRules var-FactorRules)))) | |
682 (or (and (eq (car-safe res) 'calcFunc-thefactors) | |
683 (= (length res) 3) | |
684 (math-vectorp (nth 2 res)) | |
685 (let ((facs 1) | |
686 (vec (nth 2 res))) | |
687 (while (setq vec (cdr vec)) | |
688 (setq facs (math-accum-factors (car vec) 1 facs))) | |
689 facs)) | |
690 (math-build-polynomial-expr p x)))) | |
691 | |
692 ;; Check if rational coefficients (i.e., not modulo a prime). | |
693 ((eq math-poly-modulus 1) | |
694 | |
695 ;; Check if there are any squared terms, or a content not = 1. | |
696 (if (or (eq square-free t) | |
697 (equal (setq t1 (math-poly-gcd-coefs | |
698 p (setq t2 (math-poly-deriv-coefs p)))) | |
699 '(1))) | |
700 | |
701 ;; We now have a square-free polynomial with integer coefs. | |
702 ;; For now, we use a kludgey method that finds linear and | |
703 ;; quadratic terms using floating-point root-finding. | |
704 (if (setq t1 (let ((calc-symbolic-mode nil)) | |
705 (math-poly-all-roots nil p t))) | |
706 (let ((roots (car t1)) | |
707 (csign (if (math-negp (nth (1- (length p)) p)) -1 1)) | |
708 (expr 1) | |
709 (unfac (nth 1 t1)) | |
710 (scale (nth 2 t1))) | |
711 (while roots | |
712 (let ((coef0 (car (car roots))) | |
713 (coef1 (cdr (car roots)))) | |
714 (setq expr (math-accum-factors | |
715 (if coef1 | |
716 (let ((den (math-lcm-denoms | |
717 coef0 coef1))) | |
718 (setq scale (math-div scale den)) | |
719 (math-add | |
720 (math-add | |
721 (math-mul den (math-pow x 2)) | |
722 (math-mul (math-mul coef1 den) x)) | |
723 (math-mul coef0 den))) | |
724 (let ((den (math-lcm-denoms coef0))) | |
725 (setq scale (math-div scale den)) | |
726 (math-add (math-mul den x) | |
727 (math-mul coef0 den)))) | |
728 1 expr) | |
729 roots (cdr roots)))) | |
730 (setq expr (math-accum-factors | |
731 expr 1 | |
732 (math-mul csign | |
733 (math-build-polynomial-expr | |
734 (math-mul-list (nth 1 t1) scale) | |
735 x))))) | |
736 (math-build-polynomial-expr p x)) ; can't factor it. | |
737 | |
738 ;; Separate out the squared terms (Knuth exercise 4.6.2-34). | |
739 ;; This step also divides out the content of the polynomial. | |
740 (let* ((cabs (math-poly-gcd-list p)) | |
741 (csign (if (math-negp (nth (1- (length p)) p)) -1 1)) | |
742 (t1s (math-mul-list t1 csign)) | |
743 (uu nil) | |
744 (v (car (math-poly-div-coefs p t1s))) | |
745 (w (car (math-poly-div-coefs t2 t1s)))) | |
746 (while | |
747 (not (math-poly-zerop | |
748 (setq t2 (math-poly-simplify | |
749 (math-poly-mix | |
750 w 1 (math-poly-deriv-coefs v) -1))))) | |
751 (setq t1 (math-poly-gcd-coefs v t2) | |
752 uu (cons t1 uu) | |
753 v (car (math-poly-div-coefs v t1)) | |
754 w (car (math-poly-div-coefs t2 t1)))) | |
755 (setq t1 (length uu) | |
756 t2 (math-accum-factors (math-factor-poly-coefs v t) | |
757 (1+ t1) 1)) | |
758 (while uu | |
759 (setq t2 (math-accum-factors (math-factor-poly-coefs | |
760 (car uu) t) | |
761 t1 t2) | |
762 t1 (1- t1) | |
763 uu (cdr uu))) | |
764 (math-accum-factors (math-mul cabs csign) 1 t2)))) | |
765 | |
766 ;; Factoring modulo a prime. | |
767 ((and (= (length (setq temp (math-poly-gcd-coefs | |
768 p (math-poly-deriv-coefs p)))) | |
769 (length p))) | |
770 (setq p (car temp)) | |
771 (while (cdr temp) | |
772 (setq temp (nthcdr (nth 2 math-poly-modulus) temp) | |
773 p (cons (car temp) p))) | |
774 (and (setq temp (math-factor-poly-coefs p)) | |
775 (math-pow temp (nth 2 math-poly-modulus)))) | |
776 (t | |
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777 (math-reject-arg nil "*Modulo factorization not yet implemented"))))) |
40785 | 778 |
779 (defun math-poly-deriv-coefs (p) | |
780 (let ((n 1) | |
781 (dp nil)) | |
782 (while (setq p (cdr p)) | |
783 (setq dp (cons (math-mul (car p) n) dp) | |
784 n (1+ n))) | |
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785 (nreverse dp))) |
40785 | 786 |
787 (defun math-factor-contains (x a) | |
788 (if (equal x a) | |
789 1 | |
790 (if (memq (car-safe x) '(+ - * / neg)) | |
791 (let ((sum 0)) | |
792 (while (setq x (cdr x)) | |
793 (setq sum (+ sum (math-factor-contains (car x) a)))) | |
794 sum) | |
795 (if (and (eq (car-safe x) '^) | |
796 (natnump (nth 2 x))) | |
797 (* (math-factor-contains (nth 1 x) a) (nth 2 x)) | |
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798 0)))) |
40785 | 799 |
800 | |
801 | |
802 | |
803 | |
804 ;;; Merge all quotients and expand/simplify the numerator | |
805 (defun calcFunc-nrat (expr) | |
806 (if (math-any-floats expr) | |
807 (setq expr (calcFunc-pfrac expr))) | |
808 (if (or (math-vectorp expr) | |
809 (assq (car-safe expr) calc-tweak-eqn-table)) | |
810 (cons (car expr) (mapcar 'calcFunc-nrat (cdr expr))) | |
811 (let* ((calc-prefer-frac t) | |
812 (res (math-to-ratpoly expr)) | |
813 (num (math-simplify (math-sort-terms (calcFunc-expand (car res))))) | |
814 (den (math-simplify (math-sort-terms (calcFunc-expand (cdr res))))) | |
815 (g (math-poly-gcd num den))) | |
816 (or (eq g 1) | |
817 (let ((num2 (math-poly-div num g)) | |
818 (den2 (math-poly-div den g))) | |
819 (and (eq (cdr num2) 0) (eq (cdr den2) 0) | |
820 (setq num (car num2) den (car den2))))) | |
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821 (math-simplify (math-div num den))))) |
40785 | 822 |
823 ;;; Returns expressions (num . denom). | |
824 (defun math-to-ratpoly (expr) | |
825 (let ((res (math-to-ratpoly-rec expr))) | |
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826 (cons (math-simplify (car res)) (math-simplify (cdr res))))) |
40785 | 827 |
828 (defun math-to-ratpoly-rec (expr) | |
829 (cond ((Math-primp expr) | |
830 (cons expr 1)) | |
831 ((memq (car expr) '(+ -)) | |
832 (let ((r1 (math-to-ratpoly-rec (nth 1 expr))) | |
833 (r2 (math-to-ratpoly-rec (nth 2 expr)))) | |
834 (if (equal (cdr r1) (cdr r2)) | |
835 (cons (list (car expr) (car r1) (car r2)) (cdr r1)) | |
836 (if (eq (cdr r1) 1) | |
837 (cons (list (car expr) | |
838 (math-mul (car r1) (cdr r2)) | |
839 (car r2)) | |
840 (cdr r2)) | |
841 (if (eq (cdr r2) 1) | |
842 (cons (list (car expr) | |
843 (car r1) | |
844 (math-mul (car r2) (cdr r1))) | |
845 (cdr r1)) | |
846 (let ((g (math-poly-gcd (cdr r1) (cdr r2)))) | |
847 (let ((d1 (and (not (eq g 1)) (math-poly-div (cdr r1) g))) | |
848 (d2 (and (not (eq g 1)) (math-poly-div | |
849 (math-mul (car r1) (cdr r2)) | |
850 g)))) | |
851 (if (and (eq (cdr d1) 0) (eq (cdr d2) 0)) | |
852 (cons (list (car expr) (car d2) | |
853 (math-mul (car r2) (car d1))) | |
854 (math-mul (car d1) (cdr r2))) | |
855 (cons (list (car expr) | |
856 (math-mul (car r1) (cdr r2)) | |
857 (math-mul (car r2) (cdr r1))) | |
858 (math-mul (cdr r1) (cdr r2))))))))))) | |
859 ((eq (car expr) '*) | |
860 (let* ((r1 (math-to-ratpoly-rec (nth 1 expr))) | |
861 (r2 (math-to-ratpoly-rec (nth 2 expr))) | |
862 (g (math-mul (math-poly-gcd (car r1) (cdr r2)) | |
863 (math-poly-gcd (cdr r1) (car r2))))) | |
864 (if (eq g 1) | |
865 (cons (math-mul (car r1) (car r2)) | |
866 (math-mul (cdr r1) (cdr r2))) | |
867 (cons (math-poly-div-exact (math-mul (car r1) (car r2)) g) | |
868 (math-poly-div-exact (math-mul (cdr r1) (cdr r2)) g))))) | |
869 ((eq (car expr) '/) | |
870 (let* ((r1 (math-to-ratpoly-rec (nth 1 expr))) | |
871 (r2 (math-to-ratpoly-rec (nth 2 expr)))) | |
872 (if (and (eq (cdr r1) 1) (eq (cdr r2) 1)) | |
873 (cons (car r1) (car r2)) | |
874 (let ((g (math-mul (math-poly-gcd (car r1) (car r2)) | |
875 (math-poly-gcd (cdr r1) (cdr r2))))) | |
876 (if (eq g 1) | |
877 (cons (math-mul (car r1) (cdr r2)) | |
878 (math-mul (cdr r1) (car r2))) | |
879 (cons (math-poly-div-exact (math-mul (car r1) (cdr r2)) g) | |
880 (math-poly-div-exact (math-mul (cdr r1) (car r2)) | |
881 g))))))) | |
882 ((and (eq (car expr) '^) (integerp (nth 2 expr))) | |
883 (let ((r1 (math-to-ratpoly-rec (nth 1 expr)))) | |
884 (if (> (nth 2 expr) 0) | |
885 (cons (math-pow (car r1) (nth 2 expr)) | |
886 (math-pow (cdr r1) (nth 2 expr))) | |
887 (cons (math-pow (cdr r1) (- (nth 2 expr))) | |
888 (math-pow (car r1) (- (nth 2 expr))))))) | |
889 ((eq (car expr) 'neg) | |
890 (let ((r1 (math-to-ratpoly-rec (nth 1 expr)))) | |
891 (cons (math-neg (car r1)) (cdr r1)))) | |
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892 (t (cons expr 1)))) |
40785 | 893 |
894 | |
895 (defun math-ratpoly-p (expr &optional var) | |
896 (cond ((equal expr var) 1) | |
897 ((Math-primp expr) 0) | |
898 ((memq (car expr) '(+ -)) | |
899 (let ((p1 (math-ratpoly-p (nth 1 expr) var)) | |
900 p2) | |
901 (and p1 (setq p2 (math-ratpoly-p (nth 2 expr) var)) | |
902 (max p1 p2)))) | |
903 ((eq (car expr) '*) | |
904 (let ((p1 (math-ratpoly-p (nth 1 expr) var)) | |
905 p2) | |
906 (and p1 (setq p2 (math-ratpoly-p (nth 2 expr) var)) | |
907 (+ p1 p2)))) | |
908 ((eq (car expr) 'neg) | |
909 (math-ratpoly-p (nth 1 expr) var)) | |
910 ((eq (car expr) '/) | |
911 (let ((p1 (math-ratpoly-p (nth 1 expr) var)) | |
912 p2) | |
913 (and p1 (setq p2 (math-ratpoly-p (nth 2 expr) var)) | |
914 (- p1 p2)))) | |
915 ((and (eq (car expr) '^) | |
916 (integerp (nth 2 expr))) | |
917 (let ((p1 (math-ratpoly-p (nth 1 expr) var))) | |
918 (and p1 (* p1 (nth 2 expr))))) | |
919 ((not var) 1) | |
920 ((math-poly-depends expr var) nil) | |
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921 (t 0))) |
40785 | 922 |
923 | |
924 (defun calcFunc-apart (expr &optional var) | |
925 (cond ((Math-primp expr) expr) | |
926 ((eq (car expr) '+) | |
927 (math-add (calcFunc-apart (nth 1 expr) var) | |
928 (calcFunc-apart (nth 2 expr) var))) | |
929 ((eq (car expr) '-) | |
930 (math-sub (calcFunc-apart (nth 1 expr) var) | |
931 (calcFunc-apart (nth 2 expr) var))) | |
932 ((not (math-ratpoly-p expr var)) | |
933 (math-reject-arg expr "Expected a rational function")) | |
934 (t | |
935 (let* ((calc-prefer-frac t) | |
936 (rat (math-to-ratpoly expr)) | |
937 (num (car rat)) | |
938 (den (cdr rat)) | |
939 (qr (math-poly-div num den)) | |
940 (q (car qr)) | |
941 (r (cdr qr))) | |
942 (or var | |
943 (setq var (math-polynomial-base den))) | |
944 (math-add q (or (and var | |
945 (math-expr-contains den var) | |
946 (math-partial-fractions r den var)) | |
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947 (math-div r den))))))) |
40785 | 948 |
949 | |
950 (defun math-padded-polynomial (expr var deg) | |
951 (let ((p (math-is-polynomial expr var deg))) | |
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952 (append p (make-list (- deg (length p)) 0)))) |
40785 | 953 |
954 (defun math-partial-fractions (r den var) | |
955 (let* ((fden (calcFunc-factors den var)) | |
956 (tdeg (math-polynomial-p den var)) | |
957 (fp fden) | |
958 (dlist nil) | |
959 (eqns 0) | |
960 (lz nil) | |
961 (tz (make-list (1- tdeg) 0)) | |
962 (calc-matrix-mode 'scalar)) | |
963 (and (not (and (= (length fden) 2) (eq (nth 2 (nth 1 fden)) 1))) | |
964 (progn | |
965 (while (setq fp (cdr fp)) | |
966 (let ((rpt (nth 2 (car fp))) | |
967 (deg (math-polynomial-p (nth 1 (car fp)) var)) | |
968 dnum dvar deg2) | |
969 (while (> rpt 0) | |
970 (setq deg2 deg | |
971 dnum 0) | |
972 (while (> deg2 0) | |
973 (setq dvar (append '(vec) lz '(1) tz) | |
974 lz (cons 0 lz) | |
975 tz (cdr tz) | |
976 deg2 (1- deg2) | |
977 dnum (math-add dnum (math-mul dvar | |
978 (math-pow var deg2))) | |
979 dlist (cons (and (= deg2 (1- deg)) | |
980 (math-pow (nth 1 (car fp)) rpt)) | |
981 dlist))) | |
982 (let ((fpp fden) | |
983 (mult 1)) | |
984 (while (setq fpp (cdr fpp)) | |
985 (or (eq fpp fp) | |
986 (setq mult (math-mul mult | |
987 (math-pow (nth 1 (car fpp)) | |
988 (nth 2 (car fpp))))))) | |
989 (setq dnum (math-mul dnum mult))) | |
990 (setq eqns (math-add eqns (math-mul dnum | |
991 (math-pow | |
992 (nth 1 (car fp)) | |
993 (- (nth 2 (car fp)) | |
994 rpt)))) | |
995 rpt (1- rpt))))) | |
996 (setq eqns (math-div (cons 'vec (math-padded-polynomial r var tdeg)) | |
997 (math-transpose | |
998 (cons 'vec | |
999 (mapcar | |
1000 (function | |
1001 (lambda (x) | |
1002 (cons 'vec (math-padded-polynomial | |
1003 x var tdeg)))) | |
1004 (cdr eqns)))))) | |
1005 (and (math-vectorp eqns) | |
1006 (let ((res 0) | |
1007 (num nil)) | |
1008 (setq eqns (nreverse eqns)) | |
1009 (while eqns | |
1010 (setq num (cons (car eqns) num) | |
1011 eqns (cdr eqns)) | |
1012 (if (car dlist) | |
1013 (setq num (math-build-polynomial-expr | |
1014 (nreverse num) var) | |
1015 res (math-add res (math-div num (car dlist))) | |
1016 num nil)) | |
1017 (setq dlist (cdr dlist))) | |
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1018 (math-normalize res))))))) |
40785 | 1019 |
1020 | |
1021 | |
1022 (defun math-expand-term (expr) | |
1023 (cond ((and (eq (car-safe expr) '*) | |
1024 (memq (car-safe (nth 1 expr)) '(+ -))) | |
1025 (math-add-or-sub (list '* (nth 1 (nth 1 expr)) (nth 2 expr)) | |
1026 (list '* (nth 2 (nth 1 expr)) (nth 2 expr)) | |
1027 nil (eq (car (nth 1 expr)) '-))) | |
1028 ((and (eq (car-safe expr) '*) | |
1029 (memq (car-safe (nth 2 expr)) '(+ -))) | |
1030 (math-add-or-sub (list '* (nth 1 expr) (nth 1 (nth 2 expr))) | |
1031 (list '* (nth 1 expr) (nth 2 (nth 2 expr))) | |
1032 nil (eq (car (nth 2 expr)) '-))) | |
1033 ((and (eq (car-safe expr) '/) | |
1034 (memq (car-safe (nth 1 expr)) '(+ -))) | |
1035 (math-add-or-sub (list '/ (nth 1 (nth 1 expr)) (nth 2 expr)) | |
1036 (list '/ (nth 2 (nth 1 expr)) (nth 2 expr)) | |
1037 nil (eq (car (nth 1 expr)) '-))) | |
1038 ((and (eq (car-safe expr) '^) | |
1039 (memq (car-safe (nth 1 expr)) '(+ -)) | |
1040 (integerp (nth 2 expr)) | |
1041 (if (> (nth 2 expr) 0) | |
1042 (or (and (or (> mmt-many 500000) (< mmt-many -500000)) | |
1043 (math-expand-power (nth 1 expr) (nth 2 expr) | |
1044 nil t)) | |
1045 (list '* | |
1046 (nth 1 expr) | |
1047 (list '^ (nth 1 expr) (1- (nth 2 expr))))) | |
1048 (if (< (nth 2 expr) 0) | |
1049 (list '/ 1 (list '^ (nth 1 expr) (- (nth 2 expr)))))))) | |
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1050 (t expr))) |
40785 | 1051 |
1052 (defun calcFunc-expand (expr &optional many) | |
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1053 (math-normalize (math-map-tree 'math-expand-term expr many))) |
40785 | 1054 |
1055 (defun math-expand-power (x n &optional var else-nil) | |
1056 (or (and (natnump n) | |
1057 (memq (car-safe x) '(+ -)) | |
1058 (let ((terms nil) | |
1059 (cterms nil)) | |
1060 (while (memq (car-safe x) '(+ -)) | |
1061 (setq terms (cons (if (eq (car x) '-) | |
1062 (math-neg (nth 2 x)) | |
1063 (nth 2 x)) | |
1064 terms) | |
1065 x (nth 1 x))) | |
1066 (setq terms (cons x terms)) | |
1067 (if var | |
1068 (let ((p terms)) | |
1069 (while p | |
1070 (or (math-expr-contains (car p) var) | |
1071 (setq terms (delq (car p) terms) | |
1072 cterms (cons (car p) cterms))) | |
1073 (setq p (cdr p))) | |
1074 (if cterms | |
1075 (setq terms (cons (apply 'calcFunc-add cterms) | |
1076 terms))))) | |
1077 (if (= (length terms) 2) | |
1078 (let ((i 0) | |
1079 (accum 0)) | |
1080 (while (<= i n) | |
1081 (setq accum (list '+ accum | |
1082 (list '* (calcFunc-choose n i) | |
1083 (list '* | |
1084 (list '^ (nth 1 terms) i) | |
1085 (list '^ (car terms) | |
1086 (- n i))))) | |
1087 i (1+ i))) | |
1088 accum) | |
1089 (if (= n 2) | |
1090 (let ((accum 0) | |
1091 (p1 terms) | |
1092 p2) | |
1093 (while p1 | |
1094 (setq accum (list '+ accum | |
1095 (list '^ (car p1) 2)) | |
1096 p2 p1) | |
1097 (while (setq p2 (cdr p2)) | |
1098 (setq accum (list '+ accum | |
1099 (list '* 2 (list '* | |
1100 (car p1) | |
1101 (car p2)))))) | |
1102 (setq p1 (cdr p1))) | |
1103 accum) | |
1104 (if (= n 3) | |
1105 (let ((accum 0) | |
1106 (p1 terms) | |
1107 p2 p3) | |
1108 (while p1 | |
1109 (setq accum (list '+ accum (list '^ (car p1) 3)) | |
1110 p2 p1) | |
1111 (while (setq p2 (cdr p2)) | |
1112 (setq accum (list '+ | |
1113 (list '+ | |
1114 accum | |
1115 (list '* 3 | |
1116 (list | |
1117 '* | |
1118 (list '^ (car p1) 2) | |
1119 (car p2)))) | |
1120 (list '* 3 | |
1121 (list | |
1122 '* (car p1) | |
1123 (list '^ (car p2) 2)))) | |
1124 p3 p2) | |
1125 (while (setq p3 (cdr p3)) | |
1126 (setq accum (list '+ accum | |
1127 (list '* 6 | |
1128 (list '* | |
1129 (car p1) | |
1130 (list | |
1131 '* (car p2) | |
1132 (car p3)))))))) | |
1133 (setq p1 (cdr p1))) | |
1134 accum)))))) | |
1135 (and (not else-nil) | |
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1136 (list '^ x n)))) |
40785 | 1137 |
1138 (defun calcFunc-expandpow (x n) | |
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1139 (math-normalize (math-expand-power x n))) |
40785 | 1140 |
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1141 ;;; calc-poly.el ends here |