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6451 | 1 @c -*-texinfo-*- |
2 @c This is part of the GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual. | |
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3 @c Copyright (C) 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1998, 1999, |
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4 @c 2003, 2004, 2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
6451 | 5 @c See the file elisp.texi for copying conditions. |
6 @setfilename ../info/modes | |
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7 @node Modes, Documentation, Keymaps, Top |
6451 | 8 @chapter Major and Minor Modes |
9 @cindex mode | |
10 | |
11 A @dfn{mode} is a set of definitions that customize Emacs and can be | |
12 turned on and off while you edit. There are two varieties of modes: | |
13 @dfn{major modes}, which are mutually exclusive and used for editing | |
14 particular kinds of text, and @dfn{minor modes}, which provide features | |
15 that users can enable individually. | |
16 | |
17 This chapter describes how to write both major and minor modes, how to | |
18 indicate them in the mode line, and how they run hooks supplied by the | |
19 user. For related topics such as keymaps and syntax tables, see | |
20 @ref{Keymaps}, and @ref{Syntax Tables}. | |
21 | |
22 @menu | |
62345 | 23 * Hooks:: How to use hooks; how to write code that provides hooks. |
6451 | 24 * Major Modes:: Defining major modes. |
25 * Minor Modes:: Defining minor modes. | |
26 * Mode Line Format:: Customizing the text that appears in the mode line. | |
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27 * Imenu:: How a mode can provide a menu |
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28 of definitions in the buffer. |
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29 * Font Lock Mode:: How modes can highlight text according to syntax. |
55414 | 30 * Desktop Save Mode:: How modes can have buffer state saved between |
31 Emacs sessions. | |
6451 | 32 @end menu |
33 | |
62345 | 34 @node Hooks |
35 @section Hooks | |
36 @cindex hooks | |
37 | |
38 A @dfn{hook} is a variable where you can store a function or functions | |
39 to be called on a particular occasion by an existing program. Emacs | |
40 provides hooks for the sake of customization. Most often, hooks are set | |
41 up in the init file (@pxref{Init File}), but Lisp programs can set them also. | |
42 @xref{Standard Hooks}, for a list of standard hook variables. | |
43 | |
44 @cindex normal hook | |
45 Most of the hooks in Emacs are @dfn{normal hooks}. These variables | |
46 contain lists of functions to be called with no arguments. When the | |
47 hook name ends in @samp{-hook}, that tells you it is normal. We try to | |
48 make all hooks normal, as much as possible, so that you can use them in | |
49 a uniform way. | |
50 | |
51 Every major mode function is supposed to run a normal hook called the | |
52 @dfn{mode hook} as the last step of initialization. This makes it easy | |
53 for a user to customize the behavior of the mode, by overriding the | |
54 buffer-local variable assignments already made by the mode. Most | |
55 minor modes also run a mode hook at their end. But hooks are used in | |
56 other contexts too. For example, the hook @code{suspend-hook} runs | |
57 just before Emacs suspends itself (@pxref{Suspending Emacs}). | |
58 | |
59 The recommended way to add a hook function to a normal hook is by | |
60 calling @code{add-hook} (see below). The hook functions may be any of | |
61 the valid kinds of functions that @code{funcall} accepts (@pxref{What | |
62 Is a Function}). Most normal hook variables are initially void; | |
63 @code{add-hook} knows how to deal with this. You can add hooks either | |
64 globally or buffer-locally with @code{add-hook}. | |
65 | |
66 @cindex abnormal hook | |
67 If the hook variable's name does not end with @samp{-hook}, that | |
68 indicates it is probably an @dfn{abnormal hook}. Then you should look at its | |
69 documentation to see how to use the hook properly. | |
70 | |
71 If the variable's name ends in @samp{-functions} or @samp{-hooks}, | |
72 then the value is a list of functions, but it is abnormal in that either | |
73 these functions are called with arguments or their values are used in | |
74 some way. You can use @code{add-hook} to add a function to the list, | |
75 but you must take care in writing the function. (A few of these | |
76 variables, notably those ending in @samp{-hooks}, are actually | |
77 normal hooks which were named before we established the convention of | |
78 using @samp{-hook} for them.) | |
79 | |
80 If the variable's name ends in @samp{-function}, then its value | |
81 is just a single function, not a list of functions. | |
82 | |
83 Here's an example that uses a mode hook to turn on Auto Fill mode when | |
84 in Lisp Interaction mode: | |
85 | |
86 @example | |
87 (add-hook 'lisp-interaction-mode-hook 'turn-on-auto-fill) | |
88 @end example | |
89 | |
90 At the appropriate time, Emacs uses the @code{run-hooks} function to | |
91 run particular hooks. This function calls the hook functions that have | |
92 been added with @code{add-hook}. | |
93 | |
94 @defun run-hooks &rest hookvars | |
95 This function takes one or more normal hook variable names as | |
96 arguments, and runs each hook in turn. Each argument should be a | |
97 symbol that is a normal hook variable. These arguments are processed | |
98 in the order specified. | |
99 | |
100 If a hook variable has a non-@code{nil} value, that value may be a | |
101 function or a list of functions. (The former option is considered | |
102 obsolete.) If the value is a function (either a lambda expression or | |
103 a symbol with a function definition), it is called. If it is a list | |
104 that isn't a function, its elements are called, consecutively. All | |
105 the hook functions are called with no arguments. | |
106 @end defun | |
107 | |
108 @defun run-hook-with-args hook &rest args | |
109 This function is the way to run an abnormal hook and always call all | |
110 of the hook functions. It calls each of the hook functions one by | |
111 one, passing each of them the arguments @var{args}. | |
112 @end defun | |
113 | |
114 @defun run-hook-with-args-until-failure hook &rest args | |
115 This function is the way to run an abnormal hook until one of the hook | |
116 functions fails. It calls each of the hook functions, passing each of | |
117 them the arguments @var{args}, until some hook function returns | |
118 @code{nil}. It then stops and returns @code{nil}. If none of the | |
119 hook functions return @code{nil}, it returns a non-@code{nil} value. | |
120 @end defun | |
121 | |
122 @defun run-hook-with-args-until-success hook &rest args | |
123 This function is the way to run an abnormal hook until a hook function | |
124 succeeds. It calls each of the hook functions, passing each of them | |
125 the arguments @var{args}, until some hook function returns | |
126 non-@code{nil}. Then it stops, and returns whatever was returned by | |
127 the last hook function that was called. If all hook functions return | |
128 @code{nil}, it returns @code{nil} as well. | |
129 @end defun | |
130 | |
131 @defun add-hook hook function &optional append local | |
132 This function is the handy way to add function @var{function} to hook | |
133 variable @var{hook}. You can use it for abnormal hooks as well as for | |
134 normal hooks. @var{function} can be any Lisp function that can accept | |
135 the proper number of arguments for @var{hook}. For example, | |
136 | |
137 @example | |
138 (add-hook 'text-mode-hook 'my-text-hook-function) | |
139 @end example | |
140 | |
141 @noindent | |
142 adds @code{my-text-hook-function} to the hook called @code{text-mode-hook}. | |
143 | |
144 If @var{function} is already present in @var{hook} (comparing using | |
145 @code{equal}), then @code{add-hook} does not add it a second time. | |
146 | |
147 It is best to design your hook functions so that the order in which they | |
148 are executed does not matter. Any dependence on the order is ``asking | |
149 for trouble''. However, the order is predictable: normally, | |
150 @var{function} goes at the front of the hook list, so it will be | |
151 executed first (barring another @code{add-hook} call). If the optional | |
152 argument @var{append} is non-@code{nil}, the new hook function goes at | |
153 the end of the hook list and will be executed last. | |
154 | |
155 @code{add-hook} can handle the cases where @var{hook} is void or its | |
156 value is a single function; it sets or changes the value to a list of | |
157 functions. | |
158 | |
159 If @var{local} is non-@code{nil}, that says to add @var{function} to | |
160 the buffer-local hook list instead of to the global hook list. If | |
161 needed, this makes the hook buffer-local and adds @code{t} to the | |
162 buffer-local value. The latter acts as a flag to run the hook | |
163 functions in the default value as well as in the local value. | |
164 @end defun | |
165 | |
166 @defun remove-hook hook function &optional local | |
167 This function removes @var{function} from the hook variable | |
168 @var{hook}. It compares @var{function} with elements of @var{hook} | |
169 using @code{equal}, so it works for both symbols and lambda | |
170 expressions. | |
171 | |
172 If @var{local} is non-@code{nil}, that says to remove @var{function} | |
173 from the buffer-local hook list instead of from the global hook list. | |
174 @end defun | |
175 | |
6451 | 176 @node Major Modes |
177 @section Major Modes | |
178 @cindex major mode | |
179 | |
180 Major modes specialize Emacs for editing particular kinds of text. | |
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181 Each buffer has only one major mode at a time. For each major mode |
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182 there is a function to switch to that mode in the current buffer; its |
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183 name should end in @samp{-mode}. These functions work by setting |
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184 buffer-local variable bindings and other data associated with the |
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185 buffer, such as a local keymap. The effect lasts until you switch |
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186 to another major mode in the same buffer. |
6451 | 187 |
62345 | 188 @menu |
189 * Major Mode Basics:: | |
190 * Major Mode Conventions:: Coding conventions for keymaps, etc. | |
191 * Example Major Modes:: Text mode and Lisp modes. | |
192 * Auto Major Mode:: How Emacs chooses the major mode automatically. | |
193 * Mode Help:: Finding out how to use a mode. | |
194 * Derived Modes:: Defining a new major mode based on another major | |
195 mode. | |
196 * Generic Modes:: Defining a simple major mode that supports | |
197 comment syntax and Font Lock mode. | |
198 * Mode Hooks:: Hooks run at the end of major mode functions. | |
199 @end menu | |
200 | |
201 @node Major Mode Basics | |
202 @subsection Major Mode Basics | |
203 @cindex Fundamental mode | |
204 | |
6451 | 205 The least specialized major mode is called @dfn{Fundamental mode}. |
206 This mode has no mode-specific definitions or variable settings, so each | |
207 Emacs command behaves in its default manner, and each option is in its | |
208 default state. All other major modes redefine various keys and options. | |
209 For example, Lisp Interaction mode provides special key bindings for | |
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210 @kbd{C-j} (@code{eval-print-last-sexp}), @key{TAB} |
6451 | 211 (@code{lisp-indent-line}), and other keys. |
212 | |
213 When you need to write several editing commands to help you perform a | |
214 specialized editing task, creating a new major mode is usually a good | |
215 idea. In practice, writing a major mode is easy (in contrast to | |
216 writing a minor mode, which is often difficult). | |
217 | |
218 If the new mode is similar to an old one, it is often unwise to modify | |
219 the old one to serve two purposes, since it may become harder to use and | |
220 maintain. Instead, copy and rename an existing major mode definition | |
221 and alter the copy---or define a @dfn{derived mode} (@pxref{Derived | |
222 Modes}). For example, Rmail Edit mode, which is in | |
25875 | 223 @file{emacs/lisp/mail/rmailedit.el}, is a major mode that is very similar to |
224 Text mode except that it provides two additional commands. Its | |
225 definition is distinct from that of Text mode, but uses that of Text mode. | |
6451 | 226 |
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227 Even if the new mode is not an obvious derivative of any other mode, |
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228 it is convenient to use @code{define-derived-mode} with a @code{nil} |
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229 parent argument, since it automatically enforces the most important |
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230 coding conventions for you. |
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231 |
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232 For a very simple programming language major mode that handles |
62259 | 233 comments and fontification, you can use @code{define-generic-mode}. |
234 @xref{Generic Modes}. | |
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235 |
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236 Rmail Edit mode offers an example of changing the major mode |
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237 temporarily for a buffer, so it can be edited in a different way (with |
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238 ordinary Emacs commands rather than Rmail commands). In such cases, the |
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239 temporary major mode usually provides a command to switch back to the |
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240 buffer's usual mode (Rmail mode, in this case). You might be tempted to |
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241 present the temporary redefinitions inside a recursive edit and restore |
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242 the usual ones when the user exits; but this is a bad idea because it |
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243 constrains the user's options when it is done in more than one buffer: |
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244 recursive edits must be exited most-recently-entered first. Using an |
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245 alternative major mode avoids this limitation. @xref{Recursive |
6451 | 246 Editing}. |
247 | |
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248 The standard GNU Emacs Lisp library directory tree contains the code |
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249 for several major modes, in files such as @file{text-mode.el}, |
6451 | 250 @file{texinfo.el}, @file{lisp-mode.el}, @file{c-mode.el}, and |
25875 | 251 @file{rmail.el}. They are found in various subdirectories of the |
252 @file{lisp} directory. You can study these libraries to see how modes | |
253 are written. Text mode is perhaps the simplest major mode aside from | |
6451 | 254 Fundamental mode. Rmail mode is a complicated and specialized mode. |
255 | |
256 @node Major Mode Conventions | |
257 @subsection Major Mode Conventions | |
258 | |
259 The code for existing major modes follows various coding conventions, | |
260 including conventions for local keymap and syntax table initialization, | |
261 global names, and hooks. Please follow these conventions when you | |
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262 define a new major mode. |
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263 |
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264 This list of conventions is only partial, because each major mode |
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265 should aim for consistency in general with other Emacs major modes. |
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266 This makes Emacs as a whole more coherent. It is impossible to list |
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267 here all the possible points where this issue might come up; if the |
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268 Emacs developers point out an area where your major mode deviates from |
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269 the usual conventions, please make it compatible. |
6451 | 270 |
271 @itemize @bullet | |
272 @item | |
273 Define a command whose name ends in @samp{-mode}, with no arguments, | |
274 that switches to the new mode in the current buffer. This command | |
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275 should set up the keymap, syntax table, and buffer-local variables in an |
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276 existing buffer, without changing the buffer's contents. |
6451 | 277 |
278 @item | |
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279 Write a documentation string for this command that describes the |
6451 | 280 special commands available in this mode. @kbd{C-h m} |
281 (@code{describe-mode}) in your mode will display this string. | |
282 | |
283 The documentation string may include the special documentation | |
284 substrings, @samp{\[@var{command}]}, @samp{\@{@var{keymap}@}}, and | |
24934 | 285 @samp{\<@var{keymap}>}, which enable the documentation to adapt |
6451 | 286 automatically to the user's own key bindings. @xref{Keys in |
287 Documentation}. | |
288 | |
289 @item | |
290 The major mode command should start by calling | |
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291 @code{kill-all-local-variables}. This is what gets rid of the |
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292 buffer-local variables of the major mode previously in effect. |
6451 | 293 |
294 @item | |
295 The major mode command should set the variable @code{major-mode} to the | |
296 major mode command symbol. This is how @code{describe-mode} discovers | |
297 which documentation to print. | |
298 | |
299 @item | |
300 The major mode command should set the variable @code{mode-name} to the | |
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301 ``pretty'' name of the mode, as a string. This string appears in the |
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302 mode line. |
6451 | 303 |
304 @item | |
305 @cindex functions in modes | |
306 Since all global names are in the same name space, all the global | |
307 variables, constants, and functions that are part of the mode should | |
308 have names that start with the major mode name (or with an abbreviation | |
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309 of it if the name is long). @xref{Coding Conventions}. |
6451 | 310 |
311 @item | |
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312 In a major mode for editing some kind of structured text, such as a |
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313 programming language, indentation of text according to structure is |
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314 probably useful. So the mode should set @code{indent-line-function} |
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315 to a suitable function, and probably customize other variables |
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316 for indentation. |
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317 |
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318 @item |
6451 | 319 @cindex keymaps in modes |
320 The major mode should usually have its own keymap, which is used as the | |
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321 local keymap in all buffers in that mode. The major mode command should |
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322 call @code{use-local-map} to install this local map. @xref{Active |
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323 Keymaps}, for more information. |
6451 | 324 |
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325 This keymap should be stored permanently in a global variable named |
6451 | 326 @code{@var{modename}-mode-map}. Normally the library that defines the |
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327 mode sets this variable. |
6451 | 328 |
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329 @xref{Tips for Defining}, for advice about how to write the code to set |
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330 up the mode's keymap variable. |
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331 |
6451 | 332 @item |
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333 The key sequences bound in a major mode keymap should usually start with |
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334 @kbd{C-c}, followed by a control character, a digit, or @kbd{@{}, |
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335 @kbd{@}}, @kbd{<}, @kbd{>}, @kbd{:} or @kbd{;}. The other punctuation |
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336 characters are reserved for minor modes, and ordinary letters are |
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337 reserved for users. |
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338 |
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339 A major mode can also rebind the keys @kbd{M-n}, @kbd{M-p} and |
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340 @kbd{M-s}. The bindings for @kbd{M-n} and @kbd{M-p} should normally |
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341 be some kind of ``moving forward and backward,'' but this does not |
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342 necessarily mean cursor motion. |
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343 |
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344 It is legitimate for a major mode to rebind a standard key sequence if |
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345 it provides a command that does ``the same job'' in a way better |
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346 suited to the text this mode is used for. For example, a major mode |
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347 for editing a programming language might redefine @kbd{C-M-a} to |
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348 ``move to the beginning of a function'' in a way that works better for |
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349 that language. |
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350 |
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351 It is also legitimate for a major mode to rebind a standard key |
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352 sequence whose standard meaning is rarely useful in that mode. For |
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353 instance, minibuffer modes rebind @kbd{M-r}, whose standard meaning is |
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354 rarely of any use in the minibuffer. Major modes such as Dired or |
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355 Rmail that do not allow self-insertion of text can reasonably redefine |
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356 letters and other printing characters as special commands. |
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357 |
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358 @item |
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359 Major modes must not define @key{RET} to do anything other than insert |
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360 a newline. The command to insert a newline and then indent is |
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361 @kbd{C-j}. Please keep this distinction uniform for all major modes. |
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362 |
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363 @item |
54041 | 364 Major modes should not alter options that are primarily a matter of user |
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365 preference, such as whether Auto-Fill mode is enabled. Leave this to |
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366 each user to decide. However, a major mode should customize other |
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367 variables so that Auto-Fill mode will work usefully @emph{if} the user |
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368 decides to use it. |
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369 |
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370 @item |
6451 | 371 @cindex syntax tables in modes |
372 The mode may have its own syntax table or may share one with other | |
373 related modes. If it has its own syntax table, it should store this in | |
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374 a variable named @code{@var{modename}-mode-syntax-table}. @xref{Syntax |
6451 | 375 Tables}. |
376 | |
377 @item | |
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378 If the mode handles a language that has a syntax for comments, it should |
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379 set the variables that define the comment syntax. @xref{Options for |
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380 Comments,, Options Controlling Comments, emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}. |
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381 |
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382 @item |
6451 | 383 @cindex abbrev tables in modes |
384 The mode may have its own abbrev table or may share one with other | |
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385 related modes. If it has its own abbrev table, it should store this |
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386 in a variable named @code{@var{modename}-mode-abbrev-table}. If the |
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387 major mode command defines any abbrevs itself, it should pass @code{t} |
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388 for the @var{system-flag} argument to @code{define-abbrev}. |
62345 | 389 @xref{Defining Abbrevs}. |
6451 | 390 |
391 @item | |
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392 The mode should specify how to do highlighting for Font Lock mode, by |
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393 setting up a buffer-local value for the variable |
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394 @code{font-lock-defaults} (@pxref{Font Lock Mode}). |
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395 |
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396 @item |
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397 The mode should specify how Imenu should find the definitions or |
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398 sections of a buffer, by setting up a buffer-local value for the |
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399 variable @code{imenu-generic-expression}, for the pair of variables |
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400 @code{imenu-prev-index-position-function} and |
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401 @code{imenu-extract-index-name-function}, or for the variable |
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402 @code{imenu-create-index-function} (@pxref{Imenu}). |
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403 |
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404 @item |
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405 The mode can specify a local value for |
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406 @code{eldoc-documentation-function} to tell ElDoc mode how to handle |
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407 this mode. |
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408 |
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409 @item |
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410 Use @code{defvar} or @code{defcustom} to set mode-related variables, so |
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411 that they are not reinitialized if they already have a value. (Such |
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412 reinitialization could discard customizations made by the user.) |
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413 |
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414 @item |
6451 | 415 @cindex buffer-local variables in modes |
416 To make a buffer-local binding for an Emacs customization variable, use | |
417 @code{make-local-variable} in the major mode command, not | |
418 @code{make-variable-buffer-local}. The latter function would make the | |
419 variable local to every buffer in which it is subsequently set, which | |
420 would affect buffers that do not use this mode. It is undesirable for a | |
421 mode to have such global effects. @xref{Buffer-Local Variables}. | |
422 | |
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423 With rare exceptions, the only reasonable way to use |
25875 | 424 @code{make-variable-buffer-local} in a Lisp package is for a variable |
425 which is used only within that package. Using it on a variable used by | |
426 other packages would interfere with them. | |
6451 | 427 |
428 @item | |
429 @cindex mode hook | |
430 @cindex major mode hook | |
431 Each major mode should have a @dfn{mode hook} named | |
432 @code{@var{modename}-mode-hook}. The major mode command should run that | |
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433 hook, with @code{run-mode-hooks}, as the very last thing it |
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434 does. @xref{Mode Hooks}. |
6451 | 435 |
436 @item | |
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437 The major mode command may start by calling some other major mode |
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438 command (called the @dfn{parent mode}) and then alter some of its |
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439 settings. A mode that does this is called a @dfn{derived mode}. The |
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440 recommended way to define one is to use @code{define-derived-mode}, |
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441 but this is not required. Such a mode should use |
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442 @code{delay-mode-hooks} around its entire body (including the call to |
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443 the parent mode command) @emph{except} for the final call to |
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444 @code{run-mode-hooks}, which runs the derived mode's hook. (Using |
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445 @code{define-derived-mode} does this automatically.) @xref{Derived |
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446 Modes}, and @ref{Mode Hooks}. |
6451 | 447 |
448 @item | |
449 If something special should be done if the user switches a buffer from | |
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450 this mode to any other major mode, this mode can set up a buffer-local |
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451 value for @code{change-major-mode-hook} (@pxref{Creating Buffer-Local}). |
6451 | 452 |
453 @item | |
454 If this mode is appropriate only for specially-prepared text, then the | |
455 major mode command symbol should have a property named @code{mode-class} | |
456 with value @code{special}, put on as follows: | |
457 | |
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458 @kindex mode-class @r{(property)} |
6451 | 459 @cindex @code{special} |
460 @example | |
461 (put 'funny-mode 'mode-class 'special) | |
462 @end example | |
463 | |
464 @noindent | |
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465 This tells Emacs that new buffers created while the current buffer is |
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466 in Funny mode should not inherit Funny mode, in case |
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467 @code{default-major-mode} is @code{nil}. Modes such as Dired, Rmail, |
6451 | 468 and Buffer List use this feature. |
469 | |
470 @item | |
471 If you want to make the new mode the default for files with certain | |
472 recognizable names, add an element to @code{auto-mode-alist} to select | |
473 the mode for those file names. If you define the mode command to | |
474 autoload, you should add this element in the same file that calls | |
62345 | 475 @code{autoload}. If you use an autoload cookie for the mode command, |
476 you can also use an autoload cookie for the form that adds the element | |
477 (@pxref{autoload cookie}). If you do not autoload the mode command, | |
478 it is sufficient to add the element in the file that contains the mode | |
479 definition. @xref{Auto Major Mode}. | |
6451 | 480 |
481 @item | |
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482 In the comments that document the file, you should provide a sample |
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483 @code{autoload} form and an example of how to add to |
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484 @code{auto-mode-alist}, that users can include in their init files |
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485 (@pxref{Init File}). |
6451 | 486 |
487 @item | |
488 @cindex mode loading | |
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489 The top-level forms in the file defining the mode should be written so |
6451 | 490 that they may be evaluated more than once without adverse consequences. |
491 Even if you never load the file more than once, someone else will. | |
492 @end itemize | |
493 | |
494 @node Example Major Modes | |
495 @subsection Major Mode Examples | |
496 | |
497 Text mode is perhaps the simplest mode besides Fundamental mode. | |
498 Here are excerpts from @file{text-mode.el} that illustrate many of | |
499 the conventions listed above: | |
500 | |
501 @smallexample | |
502 @group | |
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503 ;; @r{Create the syntax table for this mode.} |
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504 (defvar text-mode-syntax-table |
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505 (let ((st (make-syntax-table))) |
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506 (modify-syntax-entry ?\" ". " st) |
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507 (modify-syntax-entry ?\\ ". " st) |
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508 ;; We add `p' so that M-c on 'hello' leads to 'Hello' rather than 'hello'. |
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509 (modify-syntax-entry ?' "w p" st) |
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510 st) |
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511 "Syntax table used while in `text-mode'.") |
6451 | 512 @end group |
513 | |
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514 ;; @r{Create the keymap for this mode.} |
6451 | 515 @group |
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516 (defvar text-mode-map |
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517 (let ((map (make-sparse-keymap))) |
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518 (define-key map "\e\t" 'ispell-complete-word) |
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519 (define-key map "\es" 'center-line) |
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520 (define-key map "\eS" 'center-paragraph) |
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521 map) |
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522 "Keymap for `text-mode'. |
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523 Many other modes, such as `mail-mode', `outline-mode' and `indented-text-mode', |
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524 inherit all the commands defined in this map.") |
6451 | 525 @end group |
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526 @end smallexample |
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527 |
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528 Here is how the actual mode command is defined now: |
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529 |
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530 @smallexample |
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531 @group |
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532 (define-derived-mode text-mode nil "Text" |
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533 "Major mode for editing text written for humans to read. |
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534 In this mode, paragraphs are delimited only by blank or white lines. |
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535 You can thus get the full benefit of adaptive filling |
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536 (see the variable `adaptive-fill-mode'). |
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537 \\@{text-mode-map@} |
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538 Turning on Text mode runs the normal hook `text-mode-hook'." |
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539 @end group |
6451 | 540 @group |
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541 (make-local-variable 'text-mode-variant) |
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542 (setq text-mode-variant t) |
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543 ;; @r{These two lines are a feature added recently.} |
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544 (set (make-local-variable 'require-final-newline) |
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545 mode-require-final-newline) |
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546 (set (make-local-variable 'indent-line-function) 'indent-relative)) |
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547 @end group |
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548 @end smallexample |
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549 |
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550 But here is how it was defined formerly, before |
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551 @code{define-derived-mode} existed: |
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552 |
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553 @smallexample |
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554 @group |
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555 ;; @r{This isn't needed nowadays, since @code{define-derived-mode} does it.} |
6451 | 556 (defvar text-mode-abbrev-table nil |
557 "Abbrev table used while in text mode.") | |
558 (define-abbrev-table 'text-mode-abbrev-table ()) | |
559 @end group | |
560 | |
561 @group | |
562 (defun text-mode () | |
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563 "Major mode for editing text intended for humans to read... |
6451 | 564 Special commands: \\@{text-mode-map@} |
565 @end group | |
566 @group | |
567 Turning on text-mode runs the hook `text-mode-hook'." | |
568 (interactive) | |
569 (kill-all-local-variables) | |
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570 (use-local-map text-mode-map) |
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571 @end group |
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572 @group |
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573 (setq local-abbrev-table text-mode-abbrev-table) |
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574 (set-syntax-table text-mode-syntax-table) |
6451 | 575 @end group |
576 @group | |
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577 ;; @r{These four lines are absent from the current version} |
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578 ;; @r{not because this is done some other way, but rather} |
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579 ;; @r{because nowadays Text mode uses the normal definition of paragraphs.} |
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580 (make-local-variable 'paragraph-start) |
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581 (setq paragraph-start (concat "[ \t]*$\\|" page-delimiter)) |
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582 (make-local-variable 'paragraph-separate) |
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583 (setq paragraph-separate paragraph-start) |
25875 | 584 (make-local-variable 'indent-line-function) |
585 (setq indent-line-function 'indent-relative-maybe) | |
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586 @end group |
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587 @group |
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588 (setq mode-name "Text") |
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589 (setq major-mode 'text-mode) |
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590 (run-mode-hooks 'text-mode-hook)) ; @r{Finally, this permits the user to} |
6451 | 591 ; @r{customize the mode with a hook.} |
592 @end group | |
593 @end smallexample | |
594 | |
595 @cindex @file{lisp-mode.el} | |
596 The three Lisp modes (Lisp mode, Emacs Lisp mode, and Lisp | |
597 Interaction mode) have more features than Text mode and the code is | |
598 correspondingly more complicated. Here are excerpts from | |
599 @file{lisp-mode.el} that illustrate how these modes are written. | |
600 | |
601 @cindex syntax table example | |
602 @smallexample | |
603 @group | |
604 ;; @r{Create mode-specific table variables.} | |
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605 (defvar lisp-mode-syntax-table nil "") |
6451 | 606 (defvar lisp-mode-abbrev-table nil "") |
607 @end group | |
608 | |
609 @group | |
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610 (defvar emacs-lisp-mode-syntax-table |
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611 (let ((table (make-syntax-table))) |
6451 | 612 (let ((i 0)) |
613 @end group | |
614 | |
615 @group | |
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616 ;; @r{Set syntax of chars up to @samp{0} to say they are} |
6451 | 617 ;; @r{part of symbol names but not words.} |
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618 ;; @r{(The digit @samp{0} is @code{48} in the @acronym{ASCII} character set.)} |
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619 (while (< i ?0) |
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620 (modify-syntax-entry i "_ " table) |
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621 (setq i (1+ i))) |
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622 ;; @r{@dots{} similar code follows for other character ranges.} |
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623 @end group |
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624 @group |
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625 ;; @r{Then set the syntax codes for characters that are special in Lisp.} |
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626 (modify-syntax-entry ? " " table) |
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627 (modify-syntax-entry ?\t " " table) |
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628 (modify-syntax-entry ?\f " " table) |
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629 (modify-syntax-entry ?\n "> " table) |
6451 | 630 @end group |
631 @group | |
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632 ;; @r{Give CR the same syntax as newline, for selective-display.} |
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633 (modify-syntax-entry ?\^m "> " table) |
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634 (modify-syntax-entry ?\; "< " table) |
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635 (modify-syntax-entry ?` "' " table) |
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636 (modify-syntax-entry ?' "' " table) |
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637 (modify-syntax-entry ?, "' " table) |
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638 @end group |
6451 | 639 @group |
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640 ;; @r{@dots{}likewise for many other characters@dots{}} |
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641 (modify-syntax-entry ?\( "() " table) |
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642 (modify-syntax-entry ?\) ")( " table) |
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643 (modify-syntax-entry ?\[ "(] " table) |
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644 (modify-syntax-entry ?\] ")[ " table)) |
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645 table)) |
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646 @end group |
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647 @group |
6451 | 648 ;; @r{Create an abbrev table for lisp-mode.} |
649 (define-abbrev-table 'lisp-mode-abbrev-table ()) | |
650 @end group | |
651 @end smallexample | |
652 | |
653 Much code is shared among the three Lisp modes. The following | |
654 function sets various variables; it is called by each of the major Lisp | |
655 mode functions: | |
656 | |
657 @smallexample | |
658 @group | |
659 (defun lisp-mode-variables (lisp-syntax) | |
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660 (when lisp-syntax |
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661 (set-syntax-table lisp-mode-syntax-table)) |
6451 | 662 (setq local-abbrev-table lisp-mode-abbrev-table) |
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663 @dots{} |
6451 | 664 @end group |
665 @end smallexample | |
666 | |
667 Functions such as @code{forward-paragraph} use the value of the | |
668 @code{paragraph-start} variable. Since Lisp code is different from | |
669 ordinary text, the @code{paragraph-start} variable needs to be set | |
670 specially to handle Lisp. Also, comments are indented in a special | |
671 fashion in Lisp and the Lisp modes need their own mode-specific | |
672 @code{comment-indent-function}. The code to set these variables is the | |
673 rest of @code{lisp-mode-variables}. | |
674 | |
675 @smallexample | |
676 @group | |
677 (make-local-variable 'paragraph-start) | |
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678 (setq paragraph-start (concat page-delimiter "\\|$" )) |
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679 (make-local-variable 'paragraph-separate) |
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680 (setq paragraph-separate paragraph-start) |
6451 | 681 @dots{} |
682 @end group | |
683 @group | |
684 (make-local-variable 'comment-indent-function) | |
685 (setq comment-indent-function 'lisp-comment-indent)) | |
25875 | 686 @dots{} |
6451 | 687 @end group |
688 @end smallexample | |
689 | |
690 Each of the different Lisp modes has a slightly different keymap. For | |
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691 example, Lisp mode binds @kbd{C-c C-z} to @code{run-lisp}, but the other |
6451 | 692 Lisp modes do not. However, all Lisp modes have some commands in |
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693 common. The following code sets up the common commands: |
6451 | 694 |
695 @smallexample | |
696 @group | |
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697 (defvar shared-lisp-mode-map () |
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698 "Keymap for commands shared by all sorts of Lisp modes.") |
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699 |
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700 ;; @r{Putting this @code{if} after the @code{defvar} is an older style.} |
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701 (if shared-lisp-mode-map |
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702 () |
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703 (setq shared-lisp-mode-map (make-sparse-keymap)) |
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704 (define-key shared-lisp-mode-map "\e\C-q" 'indent-sexp) |
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705 (define-key shared-lisp-mode-map "\177" |
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706 'backward-delete-char-untabify)) |
6451 | 707 @end group |
708 @end smallexample | |
709 | |
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710 @noindent |
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711 And here is the code to set up the keymap for Lisp mode: |
6451 | 712 |
713 @smallexample | |
714 @group | |
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715 (defvar lisp-mode-map () |
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716 "Keymap for ordinary Lisp mode...") |
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717 |
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718 (if lisp-mode-map |
6451 | 719 () |
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720 (setq lisp-mode-map (make-sparse-keymap)) |
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721 (set-keymap-parent lisp-mode-map shared-lisp-mode-map) |
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722 (define-key lisp-mode-map "\e\C-x" 'lisp-eval-defun) |
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723 (define-key lisp-mode-map "\C-c\C-z" 'run-lisp)) |
6451 | 724 @end group |
725 @end smallexample | |
726 | |
727 Finally, here is the complete major mode function definition for | |
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728 Lisp mode. |
6451 | 729 |
730 @smallexample | |
731 @group | |
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732 (defun lisp-mode () |
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733 "Major mode for editing Lisp code for Lisps other than GNU Emacs Lisp. |
6451 | 734 Commands: |
735 Delete converts tabs to spaces as it moves back. | |
736 Blank lines separate paragraphs. Semicolons start comments. | |
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737 \\@{lisp-mode-map@} |
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738 Note that `run-lisp' may be used either to start an inferior Lisp job |
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739 or to switch back to an existing one. |
6451 | 740 @end group |
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741 |
6451 | 742 @group |
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743 Entry to this mode calls the value of `lisp-mode-hook' |
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744 if that value is non-nil." |
6451 | 745 (interactive) |
746 (kill-all-local-variables) | |
747 @end group | |
748 @group | |
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749 (use-local-map lisp-mode-map) ; @r{Select the mode's keymap.} |
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750 (setq major-mode 'lisp-mode) ; @r{This is how @code{describe-mode}} |
6451 | 751 ; @r{finds out what to describe.} |
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752 (setq mode-name "Lisp") ; @r{This goes into the mode line.} |
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753 (lisp-mode-variables t) ; @r{This defines various variables.} |
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754 (make-local-variable 'comment-start-skip) |
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755 (setq comment-start-skip |
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756 "\\(\\(^\\|[^\\\\\n]\\)\\(\\\\\\\\\\)*\\)\\(;+\\|#|\\) *") |
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757 (make-local-variable 'font-lock-keywords-case-fold-search) |
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758 (setq font-lock-keywords-case-fold-search t) |
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759 @end group |
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760 @group |
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761 (setq imenu-case-fold-search t) |
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762 (set-syntax-table lisp-mode-syntax-table) |
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763 (run-mode-hooks 'lisp-mode-hook)) ; @r{This permits the user to use a} |
6451 | 764 ; @r{hook to customize the mode.} |
765 @end group | |
766 @end smallexample | |
767 | |
768 @node Auto Major Mode | |
769 @subsection How Emacs Chooses a Major Mode | |
770 | |
771 Based on information in the file name or in the file itself, Emacs | |
772 automatically selects a major mode for the new buffer when a file is | |
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773 visited. It also processes local variables specified in the file text. |
6451 | 774 |
775 @deffn Command fundamental-mode | |
776 Fundamental mode is a major mode that is not specialized for anything | |
777 in particular. Other major modes are defined in effect by comparison | |
778 with this one---their definitions say what to change, starting from | |
779 Fundamental mode. The @code{fundamental-mode} function does @emph{not} | |
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780 run any mode hooks; you're not supposed to customize it. (If you want Emacs |
6451 | 781 to behave differently in Fundamental mode, change the @emph{global} |
782 state of Emacs.) | |
783 @end deffn | |
784 | |
785 @deffn Command normal-mode &optional find-file | |
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786 This function establishes the proper major mode and buffer-local variable |
62345 | 787 bindings for the current buffer. First it calls @code{set-auto-mode} |
788 (see below), then it runs @code{hack-local-variables} to parse, and | |
789 bind or evaluate as appropriate, the file's local variables | |
790 (@pxref{File Local Variables}). | |
6451 | 791 |
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792 If the @var{find-file} argument to @code{normal-mode} is non-@code{nil}, |
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793 @code{normal-mode} assumes that the @code{find-file} function is calling |
62345 | 794 it. In this case, it may process local variables in the @samp{-*-} |
795 line or at the end of the file. The variable | |
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796 @code{enable-local-variables} controls whether to do so. @xref{File |
62345 | 797 Variables, , Local Variables in Files, emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}, |
798 for the syntax of the local variables section of a file. | |
6451 | 799 |
12098 | 800 If you run @code{normal-mode} interactively, the argument |
6451 | 801 @var{find-file} is normally @code{nil}. In this case, |
62345 | 802 @code{normal-mode} unconditionally processes any file local variables. |
803 | |
804 If @code{normal-mode} processes the local variables list and this list | |
805 specifies a major mode, that mode overrides any mode chosen by | |
806 @code{set-auto-mode}. If neither @code{set-auto-mode} nor | |
807 @code{hack-local-variables} specify a major mode, the buffer stays in | |
808 the major mode determined by @code{default-major-mode} (see below). | |
6451 | 809 |
810 @cindex file mode specification error | |
12098 | 811 @code{normal-mode} uses @code{condition-case} around the call to the |
6451 | 812 major mode function, so errors are caught and reported as a @samp{File |
813 mode specification error}, followed by the original error message. | |
814 @end deffn | |
815 | |
62345 | 816 @defun set-auto-mode &optional keep-mode-if-same |
6451 | 817 @cindex visited file mode |
818 This function selects the major mode that is appropriate for the | |
62345 | 819 current buffer. It bases its decision (in order of precedence) on |
820 the @w{@samp{-*-}} line, on the @w{@samp{#!}} line (using | |
821 @code{interpreter-mode-alist}), on the text at the beginning of the | |
822 buffer (using @code{magic-mode-alist}), and finally on the visited | |
823 file name (using @code{auto-mode-alist}). @xref{Choosing Modes, , How | |
824 Major Modes are Chosen, emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}. However, this | |
825 function does not look for the @samp{mode:} local variable near the | |
826 end of a file; the @code{hack-local-variables} function does that. | |
827 If @code{enable-local-variables} is @code{nil}, @code{set-auto-mode} | |
828 does not check the @w{@samp{-*-}} line for a mode tag either. | |
829 | |
830 If @var{keep-mode-if-same} is non-@code{nil}, this function does not | |
831 call the mode command if the buffer is already in the proper major | |
832 mode. For instance, @code{set-visited-file-name} sets this to | |
833 @code{t} to avoid killing buffer local variables that the user may | |
834 have set. | |
6451 | 835 @end defun |
836 | |
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837 @defopt default-major-mode |
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838 This variable holds the default major mode for new buffers. The |
6451 | 839 standard value is @code{fundamental-mode}. |
840 | |
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841 If the value of @code{default-major-mode} is @code{nil}, Emacs uses |
62345 | 842 the (previously) current buffer's major mode as the default major mode |
843 of a new buffer. However, if that major mode symbol has a @code{mode-class} | |
6451 | 844 property with value @code{special}, then it is not used for new buffers; |
845 Fundamental mode is used instead. The modes that have this property are | |
846 those such as Dired and Rmail that are useful only with text that has | |
847 been specially prepared. | |
848 @end defopt | |
849 | |
12067 | 850 @defun set-buffer-major-mode buffer |
851 This function sets the major mode of @var{buffer} to the value of | |
62345 | 852 @code{default-major-mode}; if that variable is @code{nil}, it uses the |
853 current buffer's major mode (if that is suitable). As an exception, | |
854 if @var{buffer}'s name is @samp{*scratch*}, it sets the mode to | |
855 @code{initial-major-mode}. | |
12067 | 856 |
857 The low-level primitives for creating buffers do not use this function, | |
12098 | 858 but medium-level commands such as @code{switch-to-buffer} and |
859 @code{find-file-noselect} use it whenever they create buffers. | |
12067 | 860 @end defun |
861 | |
62345 | 862 @defopt initial-major-mode |
6451 | 863 @cindex @samp{*scratch*} |
864 The value of this variable determines the major mode of the initial | |
865 @samp{*scratch*} buffer. The value should be a symbol that is a major | |
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866 mode command. The default value is @code{lisp-interaction-mode}. |
62345 | 867 @end defopt |
868 | |
869 @defvar interpreter-mode-alist | |
870 This variable specifies major modes to use for scripts that specify a | |
871 command interpreter in a @samp{#!} line. Its value is an alist with | |
872 elements of the form @code{(@var{interpreter} . @var{mode})}; for | |
873 example, @code{("perl" . perl-mode)} is one element present by | |
874 default. The element says to use mode @var{mode} if the file | |
875 specifies an interpreter which matches @var{interpreter}. The value | |
876 of @var{interpreter} is actually a regular expression. @xref{Regular | |
877 Expressions}. | |
878 @end defvar | |
879 | |
880 @defvar magic-mode-alist | |
881 This variable's value is an alist with elements of the form | |
882 @code{(@var{regexp} . @var{function})}, where @var{regexp} is a | |
883 regular expression and @var{function} is a function or @code{nil}. | |
884 After visiting a file, @code{set-auto-mode} calls @var{function} if | |
885 the text at the beginning of the buffer matches @var{regexp} and | |
886 @var{function} is non-@code{nil}; if @var{function} is @code{nil}, | |
887 @code{auto-mode-alist} gets to decide the mode. | |
6451 | 888 @end defvar |
889 | |
890 @defvar auto-mode-alist | |
891 This variable contains an association list of file name patterns | |
62345 | 892 (regular expressions) and corresponding major mode commands. Usually, |
893 the file name patterns test for suffixes, such as @samp{.el} and | |
894 @samp{.c}, but this need not be the case. An ordinary element of the | |
895 alist looks like @code{(@var{regexp} . @var{mode-function})}. | |
6451 | 896 |
897 For example, | |
898 | |
899 @smallexample | |
900 @group | |
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901 (("\\`/tmp/fol/" . text-mode) |
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902 ("\\.texinfo\\'" . texinfo-mode) |
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903 ("\\.texi\\'" . texinfo-mode) |
6451 | 904 @end group |
905 @group | |
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906 ("\\.el\\'" . emacs-lisp-mode) |
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907 ("\\.c\\'" . c-mode) |
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908 ("\\.h\\'" . c-mode) |
6451 | 909 @dots{}) |
910 @end group | |
911 @end smallexample | |
912 | |
913 When you visit a file whose expanded file name (@pxref{File Name | |
62345 | 914 Expansion}), with version numbers and backup suffixes removed using |
915 @code{file-name-sans-versions} (@pxref{File Name Components}), matches | |
916 a @var{regexp}, @code{set-auto-mode} calls the corresponding | |
917 @var{mode-function}. This feature enables Emacs to select the proper | |
918 major mode for most files. | |
6451 | 919 |
920 If an element of @code{auto-mode-alist} has the form @code{(@var{regexp} | |
921 @var{function} t)}, then after calling @var{function}, Emacs searches | |
922 @code{auto-mode-alist} again for a match against the portion of the file | |
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923 name that did not match before. This feature is useful for |
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924 uncompression packages: an entry of the form @code{("\\.gz\\'" |
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925 @var{function} t)} can uncompress the file and then put the uncompressed |
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926 file in the proper mode according to the name sans @samp{.gz}. |
6451 | 927 |
928 Here is an example of how to prepend several pattern pairs to | |
929 @code{auto-mode-alist}. (You might use this sort of expression in your | |
25875 | 930 init file.) |
6451 | 931 |
932 @smallexample | |
933 @group | |
934 (setq auto-mode-alist | |
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935 (append |
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936 ;; @r{File name (within directory) starts with a dot.} |
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937 '(("/\\.[^/]*\\'" . fundamental-mode) |
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938 ;; @r{File name has no dot.} |
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939 ("[^\\./]*\\'" . fundamental-mode) |
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940 ;; @r{File name ends in @samp{.C}.} |
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941 ("\\.C\\'" . c++-mode)) |
6451 | 942 auto-mode-alist)) |
943 @end group | |
944 @end smallexample | |
945 @end defvar | |
946 | |
947 @node Mode Help | |
948 @subsection Getting Help about a Major Mode | |
949 @cindex mode help | |
950 @cindex help for major mode | |
951 @cindex documentation for major mode | |
952 | |
953 The @code{describe-mode} function is used to provide information | |
954 about major modes. It is normally called with @kbd{C-h m}. The | |
955 @code{describe-mode} function uses the value of @code{major-mode}, | |
956 which is why every major mode function needs to set the | |
957 @code{major-mode} variable. | |
958 | |
959 @deffn Command describe-mode | |
960 This function displays the documentation of the current major mode. | |
961 | |
962 The @code{describe-mode} function calls the @code{documentation} | |
963 function using the value of @code{major-mode} as an argument. Thus, it | |
964 displays the documentation string of the major mode function. | |
965 (@xref{Accessing Documentation}.) | |
966 @end deffn | |
967 | |
968 @defvar major-mode | |
969 This variable holds the symbol for the current buffer's major mode. | |
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970 This symbol should have a function definition that is the command to |
6451 | 971 switch to that major mode. The @code{describe-mode} function uses the |
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972 documentation string of the function as the documentation of the major |
6451 | 973 mode. |
974 @end defvar | |
975 | |
976 @node Derived Modes | |
977 @subsection Defining Derived Modes | |
61930 | 978 @cindex derived mode |
6451 | 979 |
980 It's often useful to define a new major mode in terms of an existing | |
981 one. An easy way to do this is to use @code{define-derived-mode}. | |
982 | |
62345 | 983 @defmac define-derived-mode variant parent name docstring keyword-args@dots{} body@dots{} |
6451 | 984 This construct defines @var{variant} as a major mode command, using |
62345 | 985 @var{name} as the string form of the mode name. @var{variant} and |
986 @var{parent} should be unquoted symbols. | |
6451 | 987 |
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988 The new command @var{variant} is defined to call the function |
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989 @var{parent}, then override certain aspects of that parent mode: |
6451 | 990 |
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991 @itemize @bullet |
6451 | 992 @item |
62345 | 993 The new mode has its own sparse keymap, named |
994 @code{@var{variant}-map}. @code{define-derived-mode} | |
995 makes the parent mode's keymap the parent of the new map, unless | |
996 @code{@var{variant}-map} is already set and already has a parent. | |
6451 | 997 |
998 @item | |
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999 The new mode has its own syntax table, kept in the variable |
62345 | 1000 @code{@var{variant}-syntax-table}, unless you override this using the |
1001 @code{:syntax-table} keyword (see below). @code{define-derived-mode} | |
1002 makes the parent mode's syntax-table the parent of | |
1003 @code{@var{variant}-syntax-table}, unless the latter is already set | |
1004 and already has a parent different from @code{standard-syntax-table}. | |
6451 | 1005 |
1006 @item | |
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1007 The new mode has its own abbrev table, kept in the variable |
62345 | 1008 @code{@var{variant}-abbrev-table}, unless you override this using the |
1009 @code{:abbrev-table} keyword (see below). | |
6451 | 1010 |
1011 @item | |
62345 | 1012 The new mode has its own mode hook, @code{@var{variant}-hook}. It |
1013 runs this hook, after running the hooks of its ancestor modes, with | |
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1014 @code{run-mode-hooks} (@pxref{Mode Hooks}). |
6451 | 1015 @end itemize |
1016 | |
1017 In addition, you can specify how to override other aspects of | |
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1018 @var{parent} with @var{body}. The command @var{variant} |
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1019 evaluates the forms in @var{body} after setting up all its usual |
6451 | 1020 overrides, just before running @code{@var{variant}-hook}. |
1021 | |
62345 | 1022 You can also specify @code{nil} for @var{parent}. This gives the new |
1023 mode no parent. Then @code{define-derived-mode} behaves as described | |
1024 above, but, of course, omits all actions connected with @var{parent}. | |
1025 | |
1026 The argument @var{docstring} specifies the documentation string for | |
1027 the new mode. @code{define-derived-mode} adds some general | |
1028 information about the mode's hook, followed by the mode's keymap, at | |
1029 the end of this docstring. If you omit @var{docstring}, | |
1030 @code{define-derived-mode} generates a documentation string. | |
1031 | |
1032 The @var{keyword-args} are pairs of keywords and values. The values | |
1033 are evaluated. The following keywords are currently supported: | |
1034 | |
1035 @table @code | |
1036 @item :group | |
1037 If this is specified, it is the customization group for this mode. | |
1038 | |
1039 @item :syntax-table | |
1040 You can use this to explicitly specify a syntax table for the new | |
1041 mode. If you specify a @code{nil} value, the new mode uses the same | |
1042 syntax table as @var{parent}, or @code{standard-syntax-table} if | |
1043 @var{parent} is @code{nil}. (Note that this does @emph{not} follow | |
1044 the convention used for non-keyword arguments that a @code{nil} value | |
1045 is equivalent with not specifying the argument.) | |
1046 | |
1047 @item :abbrev-table | |
1048 You can use this to explicitly specify an abbrev table for the new | |
1049 mode. If you specify a @code{nil} value, the new mode uses the same | |
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1050 abbrev table as @var{parent}, or @code{fundamental-mode-abbrev-table} |
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1051 if @var{parent} is @code{nil}. (Again, a @code{nil} value is |
62345 | 1052 @emph{not} equivalent to not specifying this keyword.) |
1053 @end table | |
6451 | 1054 |
1055 Here is a hypothetical example: | |
1056 | |
1057 @example | |
1058 (define-derived-mode hypertext-mode | |
1059 text-mode "Hypertext" | |
1060 "Major mode for hypertext. | |
1061 \\@{hypertext-mode-map@}" | |
1062 (setq case-fold-search nil)) | |
1063 | |
1064 (define-key hypertext-mode-map | |
1065 [down-mouse-3] 'do-hyper-link) | |
1066 @end example | |
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1067 |
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1068 Do not write an @code{interactive} spec in the definition; |
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1069 @code{define-derived-mode} does that automatically. |
6451 | 1070 @end defmac |
1071 | |
61930 | 1072 @node Generic Modes |
1073 @subsection Generic Modes | |
1074 @cindex generic mode | |
1075 | |
1076 @dfn{Generic modes} are simple major modes with basic support for | |
1077 comment syntax and Font Lock mode. They are primarily useful for | |
1078 configuration files. To define a generic mode, use the macro | |
1079 @code{define-generic-mode}. See the file @file{generic-x.el} for some | |
1080 examples of the use of @code{define-generic-mode}. | |
1081 | |
62259 | 1082 @defmac define-generic-mode mode comment-list keyword-list font-lock-list auto-mode-list function-list &optional docstring |
61930 | 1083 This macro creates a new generic mode. The argument @var{mode} (an |
1084 unquoted symbol) is the major mode command. The optional argument | |
1085 @var{docstring} is the documentation for the mode command. If you do | |
1086 not supply it, @code{define-generic-mode} uses a default documentation | |
1087 string instead. | |
1088 | |
1089 @var{comment-list} is a list in which each element is either a | |
1090 character, a string of one or two characters, or a cons cell. A | |
1091 character or a string is set up in the mode's syntax table as a | |
1092 ``comment starter.'' If the entry is a cons cell, the @sc{car} is set | |
1093 up as a ``comment starter'' and the @sc{cdr} as a ``comment ender.'' | |
1094 (Use @code{nil} for the latter if you want comments to end at the end | |
1095 of the line.) Note that the syntax table has limitations about what | |
1096 comment starters and enders are actually possible. @xref{Syntax | |
1097 Tables}. | |
1098 | |
1099 @var{keyword-list} is a list of keywords to highlight with | |
1100 @code{font-lock-keyword-face}. Each keyword should be a string. | |
1101 @var{font-lock-list} is a list of additional expressions to highlight. | |
1102 Each element of this list should have the same form as an element of | |
1103 @code{font-lock-keywords}. @xref{Search-based Fontification}. | |
1104 | |
1105 @var{auto-mode-list} is a list of regular expressions to add to the | |
1106 variable @code{auto-mode-alist}. These regular expressions are added | |
1107 when Emacs runs the macro expansion. | |
1108 | |
1109 @var{function-list} is a list of functions to call to do some | |
1110 additional setup. The mode command calls these functions just before | |
62259 | 1111 it runs the mode hook variable @code{@var{mode}-hook}. |
61930 | 1112 @end defmac |
1113 | |
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1114 @node Mode Hooks |
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1115 @subsection Mode Hooks |
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1116 |
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1117 The two last things a major mode function does is to run its mode |
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1118 hook and finally the mode independent normal hook |
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1119 @code{after-change-major-mode-hook}. If the major mode is a derived |
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1120 mode, that is if it calls another major mode (the parent mode) in its |
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1121 body, then the parent's mode hook is run just before the derived |
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1122 mode's hook. Neither the parent's mode hook nor |
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1123 @code{after-change-major-mode-hook} are run at the end of the actual |
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1124 call to the parent mode. This applies recursively if the parent mode |
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1125 has itself a parent. That is, the mode hooks of all major modes called |
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1126 directly or indirectly by the major mode function are all run in |
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1127 sequence at the end, just before @code{after-change-major-mode-hook}. |
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1128 |
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1129 If you are customizing a major mode, rather than defining one, the |
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1130 above is all you need to know about the hooks run at the end of a |
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1131 major mode. This also applies if you use @code{define-derived-mode} |
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1132 to define a major mode, because that macro will automatically |
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1133 implement the above for you. |
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1134 |
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1135 Programmers wishing to define a major mode without using |
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1136 @code{define-derived-mode}, should make sure that their major mode |
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1137 follows the above conventions. @xref{Major Mode Conventions}, for how |
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1138 this should be accomplished. Below, we give some implementation |
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1139 details. |
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1140 |
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1141 @defun run-mode-hooks &rest hookvars |
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1142 Major modes should run their mode hook using this function. It is |
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1143 similar to @code{run-hooks} (@pxref{Hooks}), but if run inside a |
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1144 @code{delay-mode-hooks} form, this function does not run any hooks. |
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1145 Instead, it arranges for @var{hookvars} to be run at a later call to |
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1146 the function. Otherwise, @code{run-mode-hooks} runs any delayed hooks |
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1147 in order, then @var{hookvars} and finally |
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1148 @code{after-change-major-mode-hook}. |
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1149 @end defun |
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1150 |
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1151 @defmac delay-mode-hooks body... |
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1152 This macro executes @var{body} like @code{progn}, but all calls to |
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1153 @code{run-mode-hooks} inside @var{body} delay running their hooks. |
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1154 They will be run by the first call to @code{run-mode-hooks} after exit |
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1155 from @code{delay-mode-hooks}. |
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1156 @end defmac |
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1157 |
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1158 @defvar after-change-major-mode-hook |
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1159 Every major mode function should run this normal hook at its very end. |
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1160 It normally does not need to do so explicitly. Indeed, a major mode |
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1161 function should normally run its mode hook with @code{run-mode-hooks} |
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1162 as the very last thing it does and @code{run-mode-hooks} runs |
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1163 @code{after-change-major-mode-hook} at its very end. |
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1164 @end defvar |
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1165 |
6451 | 1166 @node Minor Modes |
1167 @section Minor Modes | |
1168 @cindex minor mode | |
1169 | |
1170 A @dfn{minor mode} provides features that users may enable or disable | |
1171 independently of the choice of major mode. Minor modes can be enabled | |
1172 individually or in combination. Minor modes would be better named | |
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1173 ``generally available, optional feature modes,'' except that such a name |
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1174 would be unwieldy. |
6451 | 1175 |
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1176 A minor mode is not usually meant as a variation of a single major mode. |
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1177 Usually they are general and can apply to many major modes. For |
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1178 example, Auto Fill mode works with any major mode that permits text |
6451 | 1179 insertion. To be general, a minor mode must be effectively independent |
1180 of the things major modes do. | |
1181 | |
1182 A minor mode is often much more difficult to implement than a major | |
1183 mode. One reason is that you should be able to activate and deactivate | |
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1184 minor modes in any order. A minor mode should be able to have its |
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1185 desired effect regardless of the major mode and regardless of the other |
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1186 minor modes in effect. |
6451 | 1187 |
1188 Often the biggest problem in implementing a minor mode is finding a | |
1189 way to insert the necessary hook into the rest of Emacs. Minor mode | |
12098 | 1190 keymaps make this easier than it used to be. |
6451 | 1191 |
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1192 @defvar minor-mode-list |
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1193 The value of this variable is a list of all minor mode commands. |
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1194 @end defvar |
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1195 |
6451 | 1196 @menu |
1197 * Minor Mode Conventions:: Tips for writing a minor mode. | |
1198 * Keymaps and Minor Modes:: How a minor mode can have its own keymap. | |
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1199 * Defining Minor Modes:: A convenient facility for defining minor modes. |
6451 | 1200 @end menu |
1201 | |
1202 @node Minor Mode Conventions | |
1203 @subsection Conventions for Writing Minor Modes | |
1204 @cindex minor mode conventions | |
1205 @cindex conventions for writing minor modes | |
1206 | |
1207 There are conventions for writing minor modes just as there are for | |
1208 major modes. Several of the major mode conventions apply to minor | |
1209 modes as well: those regarding the name of the mode initialization | |
1210 function, the names of global symbols, and the use of keymaps and | |
1211 other tables. | |
1212 | |
1213 In addition, there are several conventions that are specific to | |
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1214 minor modes. (The easiest way to follow all the conventions is to use |
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1215 the macro @code{define-minor-mode}; @ref{Defining Minor Modes}.) |
6451 | 1216 |
1217 @itemize @bullet | |
1218 @item | |
1219 @cindex mode variable | |
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1220 Make a variable whose name ends in @samp{-mode} to control the minor |
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1221 mode. We call this the @dfn{mode variable}. The minor mode command |
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1222 should set this variable (@code{nil} to disable; anything else to |
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1223 enable). |
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1224 |
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1225 If possible, implement the mode so that setting the variable |
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1226 automatically enables or disables the mode. Then the minor mode command |
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1227 does not need to do anything except set the variable. |
6451 | 1228 |
1229 This variable is used in conjunction with the @code{minor-mode-alist} to | |
1230 display the minor mode name in the mode line. It can also enable | |
1231 or disable a minor mode keymap. Individual commands or hooks can also | |
1232 check the variable's value. | |
1233 | |
1234 If you want the minor mode to be enabled separately in each buffer, | |
1235 make the variable buffer-local. | |
1236 | |
1237 @item | |
1238 Define a command whose name is the same as the mode variable. | |
1239 Its job is to enable and disable the mode by setting the variable. | |
1240 | |
1241 The command should accept one optional argument. If the argument is | |
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1242 @code{nil}, it should toggle the mode (turn it on if it is off, and |
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1243 off if it is on). It should turn the mode on if the argument is a |
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1244 positive integer, the symbol @code{t}, or a list whose @sc{car} is one |
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1245 of those. It should turn the mode off if the argument is a negative |
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1246 integer or zero, the symbol @code{-}, or a list whose @sc{car} is a |
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1247 negative integer or zero. The meaning of other arguments is not |
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1248 specified. |
6451 | 1249 |
12098 | 1250 Here is an example taken from the definition of @code{transient-mark-mode}. |
1251 It shows the use of @code{transient-mark-mode} as a variable that enables or | |
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1252 disables the mode's behavior, and also shows the proper way to toggle, |
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1253 enable or disable the minor mode based on the raw prefix argument value. |
6451 | 1254 |
1255 @smallexample | |
1256 @group | |
12098 | 1257 (setq transient-mark-mode |
1258 (if (null arg) (not transient-mark-mode) | |
6451 | 1259 (> (prefix-numeric-value arg) 0))) |
1260 @end group | |
1261 @end smallexample | |
1262 | |
1263 @item | |
1264 Add an element to @code{minor-mode-alist} for each minor mode | |
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1265 (@pxref{Mode Line Variables}), if you want to indicate the minor mode in |
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1266 the mode line. This element should be a list of the following form: |
6451 | 1267 |
1268 @smallexample | |
1269 (@var{mode-variable} @var{string}) | |
1270 @end smallexample | |
1271 | |
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1272 Here @var{mode-variable} is the variable that controls enabling of the |
6451 | 1273 minor mode, and @var{string} is a short string, starting with a space, |
1274 to represent the mode in the mode line. These strings must be short so | |
1275 that there is room for several of them at once. | |
1276 | |
1277 When you add an element to @code{minor-mode-alist}, use @code{assq} to | |
1278 check for an existing element, to avoid duplication. For example: | |
1279 | |
1280 @smallexample | |
1281 @group | |
25875 | 1282 (unless (assq 'leif-mode minor-mode-alist) |
1283 (setq minor-mode-alist | |
1284 (cons '(leif-mode " Leif") minor-mode-alist))) | |
1285 @end group | |
1286 @end smallexample | |
1287 | |
1288 @noindent | |
1289 or like this, using @code{add-to-list} (@pxref{Setting Variables}): | |
1290 | |
1291 @smallexample | |
1292 @group | |
1293 (add-to-list 'minor-mode-alist '(leif-mode " Leif")) | |
6451 | 1294 @end group |
1295 @end smallexample | |
1296 @end itemize | |
1297 | |
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1298 Global minor modes distributed with Emacs should if possible support |
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1299 enabling and disabling via Custom (@pxref{Customization}). To do this, |
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1300 the first step is to define the mode variable with @code{defcustom}, and |
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1301 specify @code{:type boolean}. |
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1302 |
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1303 If just setting the variable is not sufficient to enable the mode, you |
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1304 should also specify a @code{:set} method which enables the mode by |
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1305 invoking the mode command. Note in the variable's documentation string that |
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1306 setting the variable other than via Custom may not take effect. |
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1307 |
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1308 Also mark the definition with an autoload cookie (@pxref{Autoload}), |
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1309 and specify a @code{:require} so that customizing the variable will load |
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1310 the library that defines the mode. This will copy suitable definitions |
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1311 into @file{loaddefs.el} so that users can use @code{customize-option} to |
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1312 enable the mode. For example: |
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1313 |
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1314 @smallexample |
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1315 @group |
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1316 |
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1317 ;;;###autoload |
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1318 (defcustom msb-mode nil |
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1319 "Toggle msb-mode. |
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1320 Setting this variable directly does not take effect; |
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1321 use either \\[customize] or the function `msb-mode'." |
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1322 :set (lambda (symbol value) |
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1323 (msb-mode (or value 0))) |
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1324 :initialize 'custom-initialize-default |
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1325 :version "20.4" |
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1326 :type 'boolean |
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1327 :group 'msb |
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1328 :require 'msb) |
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1329 @end group |
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1330 @end smallexample |
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1331 |
6451 | 1332 @node Keymaps and Minor Modes |
1333 @subsection Keymaps and Minor Modes | |
1334 | |
12098 | 1335 Each minor mode can have its own keymap, which is active when the mode |
1336 is enabled. To set up a keymap for a minor mode, add an element to the | |
1337 alist @code{minor-mode-map-alist}. @xref{Active Keymaps}. | |
6451 | 1338 |
1339 @cindex @code{self-insert-command}, minor modes | |
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1340 One use of minor mode keymaps is to modify the behavior of certain |
6451 | 1341 self-inserting characters so that they do something else as well as |
1342 self-insert. In general, this is the only way to do that, since the | |
1343 facilities for customizing @code{self-insert-command} are limited to | |
1344 special cases (designed for abbrevs and Auto Fill mode). (Do not try | |
1345 substituting your own definition of @code{self-insert-command} for the | |
1346 standard one. The editor command loop handles this function specially.) | |
1347 | |
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1348 The key sequences bound in a minor mode should consist of @kbd{C-c} |
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1349 followed by a punctuation character @emph{other than} @kbd{@{}, |
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1350 @kbd{@}}, @kbd{<}, @kbd{>}, @kbd{:}, and @kbd{;}. (Those few punctuation |
17278
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1351 characters are reserved for major modes.) |
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1352 |
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1353 @node Defining Minor Modes |
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1354 @subsection Defining Minor Modes |
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1355 |
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1356 The macro @code{define-minor-mode} offers a convenient way of |
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1357 implementing a mode in one self-contained definition. |
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1358 |
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1359 @defmac define-minor-mode mode doc [init-value [lighter [keymap]]] keyword-args... body... |
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1360 @tindex define-minor-mode |
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1361 This macro defines a new minor mode whose name is @var{mode} (a |
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1362 symbol). It defines a command named @var{mode} to toggle the minor |
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1363 mode, with @var{doc} as its documentation string. It also defines a |
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1364 variable named @var{mode}, which is set to @code{t} or @code{nil} by |
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1365 enabling or disabling the mode. The variable is initialized to |
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|
1366 @var{init-value}. |
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|
1367 |
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parents:
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diff
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|
1368 The string @var{lighter} says what to display in the mode line |
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|
1369 when the mode is enabled; if it is @code{nil}, the mode is not displayed |
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|
1370 in the mode line. |
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|
1371 |
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|
1372 The optional argument @var{keymap} specifies the keymap for the minor mode. |
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|
1373 It can be a variable name, whose value is the keymap, or it can be an alist |
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|
1374 specifying bindings in this form: |
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|
1375 |
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|
1376 @example |
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|
1377 (@var{key-sequence} . @var{definition}) |
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|
1378 @end example |
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
1379 |
60230
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(Defining Minor Modes): Explain that INIT-VALUE, LIGHTER, and KEYMAP
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1380 The above three arguments @var{init-value}, @var{lighter}, and |
d3a84cca7e73
(Defining Minor Modes): Explain that INIT-VALUE, LIGHTER, and KEYMAP
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
60220
diff
changeset
|
1381 @var{keymap} can be (partially) omitted when @var{keyword-args} are |
d3a84cca7e73
(Defining Minor Modes): Explain that INIT-VALUE, LIGHTER, and KEYMAP
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1382 used. The @var{keyword-args} consist of keywords followed by |
d3a84cca7e73
(Defining Minor Modes): Explain that INIT-VALUE, LIGHTER, and KEYMAP
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1383 corresponding values. A few keywords have special meanings: |
51917
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1384 |
3039afbb0746
(Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
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parents:
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changeset
|
1385 @table @code |
61322
8ac9a1a8591f
(Defining Minor Modes): Document :group keyword argument and its
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1386 @item :group @var{group} |
8ac9a1a8591f
(Defining Minor Modes): Document :group keyword argument and its
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1387 Custom group name to use in all generated @code{defcustom} forms. |
61906
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
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|
1388 Defaults to @var{mode} without the possible trailing @samp{-mode}. |
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(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1389 @strong{Warning:} don't use this default group name unless you have |
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(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1390 written a @code{defgroup} to define that group properly. @xref{Group |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1391 Definitions}. |
61322
8ac9a1a8591f
(Defining Minor Modes): Document :group keyword argument and its
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61034
diff
changeset
|
1392 |
51917
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parents:
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changeset
|
1393 @item :global @var{global} |
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(Defining Minor Modes): Define define-global-minor-mode.
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|
1394 If non-@code{nil} specifies that the minor mode should be global. By |
37b336c94e15
(Defining Minor Modes): Define define-global-minor-mode.
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parents:
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|
1395 default, minor modes defined with @code{define-minor-mode} are |
37b336c94e15
(Defining Minor Modes): Define define-global-minor-mode.
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|
1396 buffer-local. |
51917
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parents:
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|
1397 |
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parents:
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|
1398 @item :init-value @var{init-value} |
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1399 This is equivalent to specifying @var{init-value} positionally. |
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parents:
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|
1400 |
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parents:
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|
1401 @item :lighter @var{lighter} |
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parents:
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|
1402 This is equivalent to specifying @var{lighter} positionally. |
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parents:
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changeset
|
1403 |
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parents:
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|
1404 @item :keymap @var{keymap} |
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parents:
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|
1405 This is equivalent to specifying @var{keymap} positionally. |
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1406 @end table |
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|
1407 |
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(Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
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parents:
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|
1408 Any other keyword arguments are passed passed directly to the |
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(Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1409 @code{defcustom} generated for the variable @var{mode}. |
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1410 |
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1411 The command named @var{mode} finishes by executing the @var{body} forms, |
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(Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51794
diff
changeset
|
1412 if any, after it has performed the standard actions such as setting |
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(Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1413 the variable named @var{mode}. |
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|
1414 @end defmac |
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|
1415 |
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parents:
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changeset
|
1416 @findex easy-mmode-define-minor-mode |
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(Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1417 The name @code{easy-mmode-define-minor-mode} is an alias |
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(Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1418 for this macro. |
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(Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1419 |
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|
1420 Here is an example of using @code{define-minor-mode}: |
21007
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|
1421 |
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|
1422 @smallexample |
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parents:
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|
1423 (define-minor-mode hungry-mode |
21682
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|
1424 "Toggle Hungry mode. |
49600
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Trailing whitespace deleted.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1425 With no argument, this command toggles the mode. |
21007
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|
1426 Non-null prefix argument turns on the mode. |
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|
1427 Null prefix argument turns off the mode. |
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|
1428 |
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|
1429 When Hungry mode is enabled, the control delete key |
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*** empty log message ***
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|
1430 gobbles all preceding whitespace except the last. |
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*** empty log message ***
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parents:
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|
1431 See the command \\[hungry-electric-delete]." |
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|
1432 ;; The initial value. |
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diff
changeset
|
1433 nil |
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|
1434 ;; The indicator for the mode line. |
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diff
changeset
|
1435 " Hungry" |
66d807bdc5b4
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1436 ;; The minor mode bindings. |
59942
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(Major Mode Conventions): Mention "system abbrevs".
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
59516
diff
changeset
|
1437 '(("\C-\^?" . hungry-electric-delete)) |
51917
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(Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1438 :group 'hunger) |
21007
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|
1439 @end smallexample |
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changeset
|
1440 |
66d807bdc5b4
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diff
changeset
|
1441 @noindent |
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parents:
17278
diff
changeset
|
1442 This defines a minor mode named ``Hungry mode'', a command named |
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
17278
diff
changeset
|
1443 @code{hungry-mode} to toggle it, a variable named @code{hungry-mode} |
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
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parents:
17278
diff
changeset
|
1444 which indicates whether the mode is enabled, and a variable named |
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1445 @code{hungry-mode-map} which holds the keymap that is active when the |
59942
1f6a9cf44999
(Major Mode Conventions): Mention "system abbrevs".
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
59516
diff
changeset
|
1446 mode is enabled. It initializes the keymap with a key binding for |
1f6a9cf44999
(Major Mode Conventions): Mention "system abbrevs".
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
59516
diff
changeset
|
1447 @kbd{C-@key{DEL}}. It puts the variable @code{hungry-mode} into |
1f6a9cf44999
(Major Mode Conventions): Mention "system abbrevs".
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
59516
diff
changeset
|
1448 custom group @code{hunger}. There are no @var{body} forms---many |
1f6a9cf44999
(Major Mode Conventions): Mention "system abbrevs".
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
59516
diff
changeset
|
1449 minor modes don't need any. |
51917
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(Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1450 |
3039afbb0746
(Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1451 Here's an equivalent way to write it: |
3039afbb0746
(Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1452 |
3039afbb0746
(Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1453 @smallexample |
3039afbb0746
(Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1454 (define-minor-mode hungry-mode |
3039afbb0746
(Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51794
diff
changeset
|
1455 "Toggle Hungry mode. |
3039afbb0746
(Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51794
diff
changeset
|
1456 With no argument, this command toggles the mode. |
3039afbb0746
(Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51794
diff
changeset
|
1457 Non-null prefix argument turns on the mode. |
3039afbb0746
(Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1458 Null prefix argument turns off the mode. |
3039afbb0746
(Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1459 |
3039afbb0746
(Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51794
diff
changeset
|
1460 When Hungry mode is enabled, the control delete key |
3039afbb0746
(Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51794
diff
changeset
|
1461 gobbles all preceding whitespace except the last. |
3039afbb0746
(Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51794
diff
changeset
|
1462 See the command \\[hungry-electric-delete]." |
3039afbb0746
(Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51794
diff
changeset
|
1463 ;; The initial value. |
3039afbb0746
(Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51794
diff
changeset
|
1464 :initial-value nil |
3039afbb0746
(Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1465 ;; The indicator for the mode line. |
3039afbb0746
(Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1466 :lighter " Hungry" |
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(Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
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parents:
51794
diff
changeset
|
1467 ;; The minor mode bindings. |
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(Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1468 :keymap |
3039afbb0746
(Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51794
diff
changeset
|
1469 '(("\C-\^?" . hungry-electric-delete) |
3039afbb0746
(Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1470 ("\C-\M-\^?" |
3039afbb0746
(Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1471 . (lambda () |
3039afbb0746
(Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1472 (interactive) |
3039afbb0746
(Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51794
diff
changeset
|
1473 (hungry-electric-delete t)))) |
3039afbb0746
(Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1474 :group 'hunger) |
3039afbb0746
(Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1475 @end smallexample |
26696
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26211
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changeset
|
1476 |
62329
37b336c94e15
(Defining Minor Modes): Define define-global-minor-mode.
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diff
changeset
|
1477 @defmac define-global-minor-mode global-mode mode turn-on keyword-args... |
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(Defining Minor Modes): Define define-global-minor-mode.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1478 This defines a global minor mode named @var{global-mode} whose meaning |
37b336c94e15
(Defining Minor Modes): Define define-global-minor-mode.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62259
diff
changeset
|
1479 is to enable the buffer-local minor mode @var{mode} in every buffer. |
37b336c94e15
(Defining Minor Modes): Define define-global-minor-mode.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1480 To turn on the minor mode in a buffer, it uses the function |
37b336c94e15
(Defining Minor Modes): Define define-global-minor-mode.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62259
diff
changeset
|
1481 @var{turn-on}; to turn off the minor mode, it calls @code{mode} with |
37b336c94e15
(Defining Minor Modes): Define define-global-minor-mode.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1482 @minus{}1 as argument. |
37b336c94e15
(Defining Minor Modes): Define define-global-minor-mode.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
1483 |
37b336c94e15
(Defining Minor Modes): Define define-global-minor-mode.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
1484 Use @code{:group @var{group}} in @var{keyword-args} to specify the |
37b336c94e15
(Defining Minor Modes): Define define-global-minor-mode.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1485 custom group for the mode variable of the global minor mode. |
37b336c94e15
(Defining Minor Modes): Define define-global-minor-mode.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1486 @end defmac |
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(Defining Minor Modes): Define define-global-minor-mode.
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|
1487 |
6451 | 1488 @node Mode Line Format |
52628
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(Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
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|
1489 @section Mode-Line Format |
6451 | 1490 @cindex mode line |
1491 | |
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|
1492 Each Emacs window (aside from minibuffer windows) typically has a mode |
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|
1493 line at the bottom, which displays status information about the buffer |
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|
1494 displayed in the window. The mode line contains information about the |
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|
1495 buffer, such as its name, associated file, depth of recursive editing, |
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|
1496 and major and minor modes. A window can also have a @dfn{header |
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|
1497 line}, which is much like the mode line but appears at the top of the |
60450
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(Mode Line Format): Get rid of "Emacs 21".
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1498 window. |
6451 | 1499 |
25751
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|
1500 This section describes how to control the contents of the mode line |
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|
1501 and header line. We include it in this chapter because much of the |
6451 | 1502 information displayed in the mode line relates to the enabled major and |
1503 minor modes. | |
1504 | |
62345 | 1505 @menu |
1506 * Mode Line Basics:: | |
1507 * Mode Line Data:: The data structure that controls the mode line. | |
1508 * Mode Line Variables:: Variables used in that data structure. | |
1509 * %-Constructs:: Putting information into a mode line. | |
1510 * Properties in Mode:: Using text properties in the mode line. | |
1511 * Header Lines:: Like a mode line, but at the top. | |
1512 * Emulating Mode Line:: Formatting text as the mode line would. | |
1513 @end menu | |
1514 | |
1515 @node Mode Line Basics | |
1516 @subsection Mode Line Basics | |
1517 | |
6451 | 1518 @code{mode-line-format} is a buffer-local variable that holds a |
1519 template used to display the mode line of the current buffer. All | |
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|
1520 windows for the same buffer use the same @code{mode-line-format}, so |
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|
1521 their mode lines appear the same---except for scrolling percentages, and |
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|
1522 line and column numbers, since those depend on point and on how the |
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|
1523 window is scrolled. @code{header-line-format} is used likewise for |
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|
1524 header lines. |
6451 | 1525 |
42296
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Explain mode line redisplay better.
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diff
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|
1526 For efficiency, Emacs does not recompute the mode line and header |
7b9a0bcca3c2
Explain mode line redisplay better.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1527 line of a window in every redisplay. It does so when circumstances |
7b9a0bcca3c2
Explain mode line redisplay better.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1528 appear to call for it---for instance, if you change the window |
7b9a0bcca3c2
Explain mode line redisplay better.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1529 configuration, switch buffers, narrow or widen the buffer, scroll, or |
7b9a0bcca3c2
Explain mode line redisplay better.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
41938
diff
changeset
|
1530 change the buffer's modification status. If you modify any of the |
7b9a0bcca3c2
Explain mode line redisplay better.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
41938
diff
changeset
|
1531 variables referenced by @code{mode-line-format} (@pxref{Mode Line |
7b9a0bcca3c2
Explain mode line redisplay better.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1532 Variables}), or any other variables and data structures that affect |
7b9a0bcca3c2
Explain mode line redisplay better.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1533 how text is displayed (@pxref{Display}), you may want to force an |
7b9a0bcca3c2
Explain mode line redisplay better.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1534 update of the mode line so as to display the new information or |
7b9a0bcca3c2
Explain mode line redisplay better.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1535 display it in the new way. |
6451 | 1536 |
1537 @c Emacs 19 feature | |
52859
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(Mode Line Format): Mention force-mode-line-update's argument.
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|
1538 @defun force-mode-line-update &optional all |
25751
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|
1539 Force redisplay of the current buffer's mode line and header line. |
42296
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Explain mode line redisplay better.
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parents:
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diff
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|
1540 The next redisplay will update the mode line and header line based on |
52859
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(Mode Line Format): Mention force-mode-line-update's argument.
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parents:
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diff
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|
1541 the latest values of all relevant variables. With optional |
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(Mode Line Format): Mention force-mode-line-update's argument.
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parents:
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diff
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|
1542 non-@code{nil} @var{all}, force redisplay of all mode lines and header |
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(Mode Line Format): Mention force-mode-line-update's argument.
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diff
changeset
|
1543 lines. |
42296
7b9a0bcca3c2
Explain mode line redisplay better.
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diff
changeset
|
1544 |
7b9a0bcca3c2
Explain mode line redisplay better.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1545 This function also forces recomputation of the menu bar menus |
7b9a0bcca3c2
Explain mode line redisplay better.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1546 and the frame title. |
6451 | 1547 @end defun |
1548 | |
59942
1f6a9cf44999
(Major Mode Conventions): Mention "system abbrevs".
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
59516
diff
changeset
|
1549 The selected window's mode line is usually displayed in a different |
1f6a9cf44999
(Major Mode Conventions): Mention "system abbrevs".
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
59516
diff
changeset
|
1550 color using the face @code{mode-line}. Other windows' mode lines |
1f6a9cf44999
(Major Mode Conventions): Mention "system abbrevs".
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
59516
diff
changeset
|
1551 appear in the face @code{mode-line-inactive} instead. @xref{Faces}. |
6451 | 1552 |
42866
03dd2df2b595
(Mode Line Format): Short windows can suppress the mode line and header line.
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diff
changeset
|
1553 A window that is just one line tall does not display either a mode |
03dd2df2b595
(Mode Line Format): Short windows can suppress the mode line and header line.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1554 line or a header line, even if the variables call for one. A window |
03dd2df2b595
(Mode Line Format): Short windows can suppress the mode line and header line.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
42296
diff
changeset
|
1555 that is two lines tall cannot display both a mode line and a header |
03dd2df2b595
(Mode Line Format): Short windows can suppress the mode line and header line.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1556 line at once; if the variables call for both, only the mode line |
03dd2df2b595
(Mode Line Format): Short windows can suppress the mode line and header line.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1557 actually appears. |
03dd2df2b595
(Mode Line Format): Short windows can suppress the mode line and header line.
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diff
changeset
|
1558 |
6451 | 1559 @node Mode Line Data |
1560 @subsection The Data Structure of the Mode Line | |
52628
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(Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
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|
1561 @cindex mode-line construct |
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(Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
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changeset
|
1562 |
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(Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
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diff
changeset
|
1563 The mode-line contents are controlled by a data structure of lists, |
25875 | 1564 strings, symbols, and numbers kept in buffer-local variables. The data |
52628
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(Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1565 structure is called a @dfn{mode-line construct}, and it is built in |
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(Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1566 recursive fashion out of simpler mode-line constructs. The same data |
25875 | 1567 structure is used for constructing frame titles (@pxref{Frame Titles}) |
1568 and header lines (@pxref{Header Lines}). | |
6451 | 1569 |
1570 @defvar mode-line-format | |
52628
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(Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
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|
1571 The value of this variable is a mode-line construct with overall |
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(Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
1572 responsibility for the mode-line format. The value of this variable |
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(Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
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diff
changeset
|
1573 controls which other variables are used to form the mode-line text, and |
6451 | 1574 where they appear. |
25751
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|
1575 |
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|
1576 If you set this variable to @code{nil} in a buffer, that buffer does not |
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(Mode Line Format): Get rid of "Emacs 21".
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|
1577 have a mode line. |
6451 | 1578 @end defvar |
1579 | |
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(Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
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diff
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|
1580 A mode-line construct may be as simple as a fixed string of text, but |
6451 | 1581 it usually specifies how to use other variables to construct the text. |
52628
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(Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
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diff
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|
1582 Many of these variables are themselves defined to have mode-line |
6451 | 1583 constructs as their values. |
1584 | |
1585 The default value of @code{mode-line-format} incorporates the values | |
52628
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(Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
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|
1586 of variables such as @code{mode-line-position} and |
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(Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
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|
1587 @code{mode-line-modes} (which in turn incorporates the values of the |
74d358d76ea8
(Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
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|
1588 variables @code{mode-name} and @code{minor-mode-alist}). Because of |
74d358d76ea8
(Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
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|
1589 this, very few modes need to alter @code{mode-line-format} itself. For |
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(Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
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|
1590 most purposes, it is sufficient to alter some of the variables that |
74d358d76ea8
(Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
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|
1591 @code{mode-line-format} either directly or indirectly refers to. |
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(Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
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|
1592 |
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(Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
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|
1593 A mode-line construct may be a list, a symbol, or a string. If the |
7253
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|
1594 value is a list, each element may be a list, a symbol, or a string. |
6451 | 1595 |
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1596 The mode line can display various faces, if the strings that control |
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|
1597 it have the @code{face} property. @xref{Properties in Mode}. In |
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|
1598 addition, the face @code{mode-line} is used as a default for the whole |
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|
1599 mode line (@pxref{Standard Faces}). |
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|
1600 |
6451 | 1601 @table @code |
1602 @cindex percent symbol in mode line | |
1603 @item @var{string} | |
52628
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(Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
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|
1604 A string as a mode-line construct is displayed verbatim in the mode line |
12098 | 1605 except for @dfn{@code{%}-constructs}. Decimal digits after the @samp{%} |
6451 | 1606 specify the field width for space filling on the right (i.e., the data |
1607 is left justified). @xref{%-Constructs}. | |
1608 | |
1609 @item @var{symbol} | |
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(Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
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|
1610 A symbol as a mode-line construct stands for its value. The value of |
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(Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
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|
1611 @var{symbol} is used as a mode-line construct, in place of @var{symbol}. |
25751
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1612 However, the symbols @code{t} and @code{nil} are ignored, as is any |
7253
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1613 symbol whose value is void. |
6451 | 1614 |
1615 There is one exception: if the value of @var{symbol} is a string, it is | |
7253
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|
1616 displayed verbatim: the @code{%}-constructs are not recognized. |
6451 | 1617 |
52663
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(Mode Line Data): Explain when symbols in mode-line
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|
1618 Unless @var{symbol} is marked as ``risky'' (i.e., it has a |
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(Mode Line Data): Explain when symbols in mode-line
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|
1619 non-@code{nil} @code{risky-local-variable} property), all properties in |
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(Mode Line Data): Explain when symbols in mode-line
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|
1620 any strings, as well as all @code{:eval} and @code{:propertize} forms in |
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(Mode Line Data): Explain when symbols in mode-line
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|
1621 the value of that symbol will be ignored. |
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(Mode Line Data): Explain when symbols in mode-line
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|
1622 |
6451 | 1623 @item (@var{string} @var{rest}@dots{}) @r{or} (@var{list} @var{rest}@dots{}) |
7253
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|
1624 A list whose first element is a string or list means to process all the |
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|
1625 elements recursively and concatenate the results. This is the most |
52628
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(Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
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|
1626 common form of mode-line construct. |
6451 | 1627 |
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|
1628 @item (:eval @var{form}) |
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|
1629 A list whose first element is the symbol @code{:eval} says to evaluate |
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|
1630 @var{form}, and use the result as a string to display. |
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|
1631 |
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1632 @item (:propertize @var{elt} @var{props}@dots{}) |
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1633 A list whose first element is the symbol @code{:propertize} says to |
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1634 process the mode-line construct @var{elt} recursively and add the text |
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1635 properties specified by @var{props} to the result. The argument |
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|
1636 @var{props} should consist of zero or more pairs @var{text-property} |
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1637 @var{value}. (This feature is new as of Emacs 22.1.) |
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1638 |
6451 | 1639 @item (@var{symbol} @var{then} @var{else}) |
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1640 A list whose first element is a symbol that is not a keyword specifies a |
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1641 conditional. Its meaning depends on the value of @var{symbol}. If the |
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1642 value is non-@code{nil}, the second element, @var{then}, is processed |
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1643 recursively as a mode-line element. But if the value of @var{symbol} is |
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1644 @code{nil}, the third element, @var{else}, is processed recursively. |
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1645 You may omit @var{else}; then the mode-line element displays nothing if |
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1646 the value of @var{symbol} is @code{nil}. |
6451 | 1647 |
1648 @item (@var{width} @var{rest}@dots{}) | |
1649 A list whose first element is an integer specifies truncation or | |
1650 padding of the results of @var{rest}. The remaining elements | |
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1651 @var{rest} are processed recursively as mode-line constructs and |
6451 | 1652 concatenated together. Then the result is space filled (if |
1653 @var{width} is positive) or truncated (to @minus{}@var{width} columns, | |
1654 if @var{width} is negative) on the right. | |
1655 | |
1656 For example, the usual way to show what percentage of a buffer is above | |
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1657 the top of the window is to use a list like this: @code{(-3 "%p")}. |
6451 | 1658 @end table |
1659 | |
1660 If you do alter @code{mode-line-format} itself, the new value should | |
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1661 use the same variables that appear in the default value (@pxref{Mode |
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1662 Line Variables}), rather than duplicating their contents or displaying |
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1663 the information in another fashion. This way, customizations made by |
12098 | 1664 the user or by Lisp programs (such as @code{display-time} and major |
1665 modes) via changes to those variables remain effective. | |
6451 | 1666 |
1667 @cindex Shell mode @code{mode-line-format} | |
1668 Here is an example of a @code{mode-line-format} that might be | |
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1669 useful for @code{shell-mode}, since it contains the host name and default |
6451 | 1670 directory. |
1671 | |
1672 @example | |
1673 @group | |
1674 (setq mode-line-format | |
21682
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1675 (list "-" |
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1676 'mode-line-mule-info |
6451 | 1677 'mode-line-modified |
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1678 'mode-line-frame-identification |
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1679 "%b--" |
6451 | 1680 @end group |
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1681 @group |
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1682 ;; @r{Note that this is evaluated while making the list.} |
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1683 ;; @r{It makes a mode-line construct which is just a string.} |
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1684 (getenv "HOST") |
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1685 @end group |
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1686 ":" |
6451 | 1687 'default-directory |
1688 " " | |
1689 'global-mode-string | |
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1690 " %[(" |
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1691 '(:eval (mode-line-mode-name)) |
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1692 'mode-line-process |
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1693 'minor-mode-alist |
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1694 "%n" |
21682
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1695 ")%]--" |
6451 | 1696 @group |
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1697 '(which-func-mode ("" which-func-format "--")) |
12098 | 1698 '(line-number-mode "L%l--") |
21682
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1699 '(column-number-mode "C%c--") |
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1700 '(-3 "%p") |
6451 | 1701 "-%-")) |
1702 @end group | |
1703 @end example | |
1704 | |
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1705 @noindent |
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1706 (The variables @code{line-number-mode}, @code{column-number-mode} |
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1707 and @code{which-func-mode} enable particular minor modes; as usual, |
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1708 these variable names are also the minor mode command names.) |
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1709 |
6451 | 1710 @node Mode Line Variables |
1711 @subsection Variables Used in the Mode Line | |
1712 | |
1713 This section describes variables incorporated by the | |
1714 standard value of @code{mode-line-format} into the text of the mode | |
1715 line. There is nothing inherently special about these variables; any | |
1716 other variables could have the same effects on the mode line if | |
1717 @code{mode-line-format} were changed to use them. | |
1718 | |
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1719 @defvar mode-line-mule-info |
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1720 This variable holds the value of the mode-line construct that displays |
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1721 information about the language environment, buffer coding system, and |
22138
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1722 current input method. @xref{Non-ASCII Characters}. |
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1723 @end defvar |
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1724 |
6451 | 1725 @defvar mode-line-modified |
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1726 This variable holds the value of the mode-line construct that displays |
6451 | 1727 whether the current buffer is modified. |
1728 | |
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1729 The default value of @code{mode-line-modified} is @code{("%1*%1+")}. |
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1730 This means that the mode line displays @samp{**} if the buffer is |
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1731 modified, @samp{--} if the buffer is not modified, @samp{%%} if the |
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1732 buffer is read only, and @samp{%*} if the buffer is read only and |
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1733 modified. |
6451 | 1734 |
1735 Changing this variable does not force an update of the mode line. | |
1736 @end defvar | |
1737 | |
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1738 @defvar mode-line-frame-identification |
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1739 This variable identifies the current frame. The default value is |
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1740 @code{" "} if you are using a window system which can show multiple |
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1741 frames, or @code{"-%F "} on an ordinary terminal which shows only one |
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1742 frame at a time. |
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1743 @end defvar |
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1744 |
6451 | 1745 @defvar mode-line-buffer-identification |
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1746 This variable identifies the buffer being displayed in the window. Its |
22267
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1747 default value is @code{("%12b")}, which displays the buffer name, padded |
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1748 with spaces to at least 12 columns. |
6451 | 1749 @end defvar |
1750 | |
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1751 @defvar mode-line-position |
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1752 This variable indicates the position in the buffer. Here is a |
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1753 simplified version of its default value. The actual default value |
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1754 also specifies addition of the @code{help-echo} text property. |
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1755 |
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1756 @example |
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1757 @group |
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1758 ((-3 "%p") |
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1759 (size-indication-mode (8 " of %I")) |
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1760 @end group |
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1761 @group |
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1762 (line-number-mode |
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1763 ((column-number-mode |
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1764 (10 " (%l,%c)") |
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1765 (6 " L%l"))) |
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1766 ((column-number-mode |
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1767 (5 " C%c"))))) |
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1768 @end group |
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1769 @end example |
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1770 |
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1771 This means that @code{mode-line-position} displays at least the buffer |
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1772 percentage and possibly the buffer size, the line number and the column |
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1773 number. |
6451 | 1774 @end defvar |
1775 | |
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1776 @defvar vc-mode |
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1777 The variable @code{vc-mode}, buffer-local in each buffer, records |
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1778 whether the buffer's visited file is maintained with version control, |
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1779 and, if so, which kind. Its value is a string that appears in the mode |
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1780 line, or @code{nil} for no version control. |
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1781 @end defvar |
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1782 |
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1783 @defvar mode-line-modes |
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1784 This variable displays the buffer's major and minor modes. Here is a |
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1785 simplified version of its default value. The real default value also |
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|
1786 specifies addition of text properties. |
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|
1787 |
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1788 @example |
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1789 @group |
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|
1790 ("%[(" mode-name |
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|
1791 mode-line-process minor-mode-alist |
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|
1792 "%n" ")%]--") |
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1793 @end group |
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1794 @end example |
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1795 |
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1796 So @code{mode-line-modes} normally also displays the recursive editing |
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1797 level, information on the process status and whether narrowing is in |
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1798 effect. |
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1799 @end defvar |
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1800 |
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1801 The following three variables are used in @code{mode-line-modes}: |
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1802 |
6451 | 1803 @defvar mode-name |
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1804 This buffer-local variable holds the ``pretty'' name of the current |
6451 | 1805 buffer's major mode. Each major mode should set this variable so that the |
1806 mode name will appear in the mode line. | |
1807 @end defvar | |
1808 | |
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1809 @defvar mode-line-process |
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1810 This buffer-local variable contains the mode-line information on process |
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1811 status in modes used for communicating with subprocesses. It is |
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1812 displayed immediately following the major mode name, with no intervening |
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1813 space. For example, its value in the @samp{*shell*} buffer is |
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1814 @code{(":%s")}, which allows the shell to display its status along |
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1815 with the major mode as: @samp{(Shell:run)}. Normally this variable |
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1816 is @code{nil}. |
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1817 @end defvar |
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1818 |
6451 | 1819 @defvar minor-mode-alist |
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1820 This variable holds an association list whose elements specify how the |
6451 | 1821 mode line should indicate that a minor mode is active. Each element of |
1822 the @code{minor-mode-alist} should be a two-element list: | |
1823 | |
1824 @example | |
1825 (@var{minor-mode-variable} @var{mode-line-string}) | |
1826 @end example | |
1827 | |
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1828 More generally, @var{mode-line-string} can be any mode-line spec. It |
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1829 appears in the mode line when the value of @var{minor-mode-variable} |
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1830 is non-@code{nil}, and not otherwise. These strings should begin with |
6451 | 1831 spaces so that they don't run together. Conventionally, the |
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1832 @var{minor-mode-variable} for a specific mode is set to a |
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1833 non-@code{nil} value when that minor mode is activated. |
6451 | 1834 |
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1835 @code{minor-mode-alist} itself is not buffer-local. Each variable |
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1836 mentioned in the alist should be buffer-local if its minor mode can be |
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1837 enabled separately in each buffer. |
6451 | 1838 @end defvar |
1839 | |
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1840 @defvar global-mode-string |
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1841 This variable holds a mode-line spec that, by default, appears in the |
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1842 mode line just after the @code{which-func-mode} minor mode if set, |
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1843 else after @code{mode-line-modes}. The command @code{display-time} |
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1844 sets @code{global-mode-string} to refer to the variable |
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1845 @code{display-time-string}, which holds a string containing the time |
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1846 and load information. |
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1847 |
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1848 The @samp{%M} construct substitutes the value of |
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1849 @code{global-mode-string}, but that is obsolete, since the variable is |
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1850 included in the mode line from @code{mode-line-format}. |
25875 | 1851 @end defvar |
1852 | |
1853 The variable @code{default-mode-line-format} is where | |
1854 @code{mode-line-format} usually gets its value: | |
1855 | |
6451 | 1856 @defvar default-mode-line-format |
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1857 This variable holds the default @code{mode-line-format} for buffers |
6451 | 1858 that do not override it. This is the same as @code{(default-value |
1859 'mode-line-format)}. | |
1860 | |
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1861 Here is a simplified version of the default value of |
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1862 @code{default-mode-line-format}. The real default value also |
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1863 specifies addition of text properties. |
6451 | 1864 |
1865 @example | |
1866 @group | |
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1867 ("-" |
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1868 mode-line-mule-info |
6451 | 1869 mode-line-modified |
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1870 mode-line-frame-identification |
6451 | 1871 mode-line-buffer-identification |
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1872 @end group |
6451 | 1873 " " |
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1874 mode-line-position |
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1875 (vc-mode vc-mode) |
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1876 " " |
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1877 @group |
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1878 mode-line-modes |
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1879 (which-func-mode ("" which-func-format "--")) |
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1880 (global-mode-string ("--" global-mode-string)) |
6451 | 1881 "-%-") |
1882 @end group | |
1883 @end example | |
1884 @end defvar | |
1885 | |
1886 @node %-Constructs | |
1887 @subsection @code{%}-Constructs in the Mode Line | |
1888 | |
1889 The following table lists the recognized @code{%}-constructs and what | |
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1890 they mean. In any construct except @samp{%%}, you can add a decimal |
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1891 integer after the @samp{%} to specify how many characters to display. |
6451 | 1892 |
1893 @table @code | |
1894 @item %b | |
1895 The current buffer name, obtained with the @code{buffer-name} function. | |
1896 @xref{Buffer Names}. | |
1897 | |
25875 | 1898 @item %c |
1899 The current column number of point. | |
1900 | |
6451 | 1901 @item %f |
1902 The visited file name, obtained with the @code{buffer-file-name} | |
1903 function. @xref{Buffer File Name}. | |
1904 | |
12067 | 1905 @item %F |
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1906 The title (only on a window system) or the name of the selected frame. |
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1907 @xref{Window Frame Parameters}. |
12067 | 1908 |
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1909 @item %i |
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1910 The size of the accessible part of the current buffer; basically |
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1911 @code{(- (point-max) (point-min))}. |
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1912 |
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1913 @item %I |
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1914 Like @samp{%i}, but the size is printed in a more readable way by using |
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1915 @samp{k} for 10^3, @samp{M} for 10^6, @samp{G} for 10^9, etc., to |
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1916 abbreviate. |
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1917 |
12067 | 1918 @item %l |
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1919 The current line number of point, counting within the accessible portion |
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1920 of the buffer. |
12067 | 1921 |
25875 | 1922 @item %n |
1923 @samp{Narrow} when narrowing is in effect; nothing otherwise (see | |
1924 @code{narrow-to-region} in @ref{Narrowing}). | |
1925 | |
1926 @item %p | |
1927 The percentage of the buffer text above the @strong{top} of window, or | |
1928 @samp{Top}, @samp{Bottom} or @samp{All}. Note that the default | |
1929 mode-line specification truncates this to three characters. | |
1930 | |
1931 @item %P | |
1932 The percentage of the buffer text that is above the @strong{bottom} of | |
1933 the window (which includes the text visible in the window, as well as | |
1934 the text above the top), plus @samp{Top} if the top of the buffer is | |
1935 visible on screen; or @samp{Bottom} or @samp{All}. | |
1936 | |
1937 @item %s | |
1938 The status of the subprocess belonging to the current buffer, obtained with | |
1939 @code{process-status}. @xref{Process Information}. | |
1940 | |
1941 @item %t | |
1942 Whether the visited file is a text file or a binary file. This is a | |
1943 meaningful distinction only on certain operating systems (@pxref{MS-DOS | |
1944 File Types}). | |
1945 | |
6451 | 1946 @item %* |
1947 @samp{%} if the buffer is read only (see @code{buffer-read-only}); @* | |
1948 @samp{*} if the buffer is modified (see @code{buffer-modified-p}); @* | |
1949 @samp{-} otherwise. @xref{Buffer Modification}. | |
1950 | |
1951 @item %+ | |
12067 | 1952 @samp{*} if the buffer is modified (see @code{buffer-modified-p}); @* |
1953 @samp{%} if the buffer is read only (see @code{buffer-read-only}); @* | |
1954 @samp{-} otherwise. This differs from @samp{%*} only for a modified | |
1955 read-only buffer. @xref{Buffer Modification}. | |
1956 | |
1957 @item %& | |
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1958 @samp{*} if the buffer is modified, and @samp{-} otherwise. |
6451 | 1959 |
1960 @item %[ | |
1961 An indication of the depth of recursive editing levels (not counting | |
1962 minibuffer levels): one @samp{[} for each editing level. | |
1963 @xref{Recursive Editing}. | |
1964 | |
1965 @item %] | |
1966 One @samp{]} for each recursive editing level (not counting minibuffer | |
1967 levels). | |
1968 | |
25875 | 1969 @item %- |
1970 Dashes sufficient to fill the remainder of the mode line. | |
1971 | |
6451 | 1972 @item %% |
1973 The character @samp{%}---this is how to include a literal @samp{%} in a | |
1974 string in which @code{%}-constructs are allowed. | |
1975 @end table | |
1976 | |
1977 The following two @code{%}-constructs are still supported, but they are | |
1978 obsolete, since you can get the same results with the variables | |
1979 @code{mode-name} and @code{global-mode-string}. | |
1980 | |
1981 @table @code | |
1982 @item %m | |
1983 The value of @code{mode-name}. | |
1984 | |
1985 @item %M | |
1986 The value of @code{global-mode-string}. Currently, only | |
1987 @code{display-time} modifies the value of @code{global-mode-string}. | |
1988 @end table | |
1989 | |
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1990 @node Properties in Mode |
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1991 @subsection Properties in the Mode Line |
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1992 @cindex text properties in the mode line |
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1993 |
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1994 Certain text properties are meaningful in the |
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1995 mode line. The @code{face} property affects the appearance of text; the |
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1996 @code{help-echo} property associate help strings with the text, and |
29102 | 1997 @code{local-map} can make the text mouse-sensitive. |
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1998 |
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1999 There are four ways to specify text properties for text in the mode |
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2000 line: |
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2001 |
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2002 @enumerate |
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2003 @item |
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2004 Put a string with a text property directly into the mode-line data |
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2005 structure. |
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2006 |
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2007 @item |
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2008 Put a text property on a mode-line %-construct such as @samp{%12b}; then |
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2009 the expansion of the %-construct will have that same text property. |
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2010 |
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2011 @item |
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(Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
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diff
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|
2012 Use a @code{(:propertize @var{elt} @var{props}@dots{})} construct to |
74d358d76ea8
(Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
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parents:
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diff
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|
2013 give @var{elt} a text property specified by @var{props}. |
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|
2014 |
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|
2015 @item |
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2016 Use a list containing @code{:eval @var{form}} in the mode-line data |
52628
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(Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
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parents:
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diff
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|
2017 structure, and make @var{form} evaluate to a string that has a text |
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(Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2018 property. |
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2019 @end enumerate |
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|
2020 |
29102 | 2021 You use the @code{local-map} property to specify a keymap. Like any |
25751
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|
2022 keymap, it can bind character keys and function keys; but that has no |
25875 | 2023 effect, since it is impossible to move point into the mode line. This |
25751
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2024 keymap can only take real effect for mouse clicks. |
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|
2025 |
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|
2026 When the mode line refers to a variable which does not have a |
1f6a9cf44999
(Major Mode Conventions): Mention "system abbrevs".
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2027 non-@code{nil} @code{risky-local-variable} property, any text |
1f6a9cf44999
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2028 properties given or specified within that variable's values are |
1f6a9cf44999
(Major Mode Conventions): Mention "system abbrevs".
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2029 ignored. This is because such properties could otherwise specify |
1f6a9cf44999
(Major Mode Conventions): Mention "system abbrevs".
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2030 functions to be called, and those functions could come from file |
1f6a9cf44999
(Major Mode Conventions): Mention "system abbrevs".
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2031 local variables. |
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(Major Mode Conventions): Mention "system abbrevs".
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|
2032 |
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|
2033 @node Header Lines |
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|
2034 @subsection Window Header Lines |
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|
2035 @cindex header line (of a window) |
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|
2036 @cindex window header line |
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|
2037 |
60450
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(Mode Line Format): Get rid of "Emacs 21".
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|
2038 A window can have a @dfn{header line} at the |
25751
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2039 top, just as it can have a mode line at the bottom. The header line |
52628
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(Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
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parents:
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|
2040 feature works just like the mode-line feature, except that it's |
25751
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|
2041 controlled by different variables. |
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|
2042 |
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|
2043 @tindex header-line-format |
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|
2044 @defvar header-line-format |
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|
2045 This variable, local in every buffer, specifies how to display the |
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|
2046 header line, for windows displaying the buffer. The format of the value |
26783 | 2047 is the same as for @code{mode-line-format} (@pxref{Mode Line Data}). |
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2048 @end defvar |
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|
2049 |
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|
2050 @tindex default-header-line-format |
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|
2051 @defvar default-header-line-format |
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|
2052 This variable holds the default @code{header-line-format} for buffers |
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|
2053 that do not override it. This is the same as @code{(default-value |
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|
2054 'header-line-format)}. |
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|
2055 |
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|
2056 It is normally @code{nil}, so that ordinary buffers have no header line. |
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|
2057 @end defvar |
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|
2058 |
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(Emulating Mode Line): New node.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2059 @node Emulating Mode Line |
52628
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(Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
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parents:
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|
2060 @subsection Emulating Mode-Line Formatting |
52187
a39b6df244a7
(Emulating Mode Line): New node.
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diff
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|
2061 |
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(Emulating Mode Line): New node.
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parents:
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|
2062 You can use the function @code{format-mode-line} to compute |
a39b6df244a7
(Emulating Mode Line): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52001
diff
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|
2063 the text that would appear in a mode line or header line |
52628
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(Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2064 based on certain mode-line specification. |
52187
a39b6df244a7
(Emulating Mode Line): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2065 |
59516
f50d20947c20
(Emulating Mode Line): Update format-mode-line entry.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
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|
2066 @defun format-mode-line format &optional face window buffer |
52187
a39b6df244a7
(Emulating Mode Line): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52001
diff
changeset
|
2067 This function formats a line of text according to @var{format} as if |
a39b6df244a7
(Emulating Mode Line): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52001
diff
changeset
|
2068 it were generating the mode line for @var{window}, but instead of |
a39b6df244a7
(Emulating Mode Line): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52001
diff
changeset
|
2069 displaying the text in the mode line or the header line, it returns |
59389
f1eb5a3ef974
(Emulating Mode Line): format-mode-line requires 1 arg.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2070 the text as a string. The argument @var{window} defaults to the |
f1eb5a3ef974
(Emulating Mode Line): format-mode-line requires 1 arg.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2071 selected window. If @var{buffer} is non-@code{nil}, all the |
f1eb5a3ef974
(Emulating Mode Line): format-mode-line requires 1 arg.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2072 information used is taken from @var{buffer}; by default, it comes from |
f1eb5a3ef974
(Emulating Mode Line): format-mode-line requires 1 arg.
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parents:
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|
2073 @var{window}'s buffer. |
52187
a39b6df244a7
(Emulating Mode Line): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2074 |
a39b6df244a7
(Emulating Mode Line): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52001
diff
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|
2075 The value string normally has text properties that correspond to the |
59492
8732f8552b7d
(Emulating Mode Line): Doc FACE arg in format-header-line.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
59389
diff
changeset
|
2076 faces, keymaps, etc., that the mode line would have. And any character |
8732f8552b7d
(Emulating Mode Line): Doc FACE arg in format-header-line.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
59389
diff
changeset
|
2077 for which no @code{face} property is specified gets a default |
8732f8552b7d
(Emulating Mode Line): Doc FACE arg in format-header-line.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
59389
diff
changeset
|
2078 value which is usually @var{face}. (If @var{face} is @code{t}, |
8732f8552b7d
(Emulating Mode Line): Doc FACE arg in format-header-line.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
59389
diff
changeset
|
2079 that stands for either @code{mode-line} if @var{window} is selected, |
8732f8552b7d
(Emulating Mode Line): Doc FACE arg in format-header-line.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
59389
diff
changeset
|
2080 otherwise @code{mode-line-inactive}.) |
8732f8552b7d
(Emulating Mode Line): Doc FACE arg in format-header-line.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
59389
diff
changeset
|
2081 |
59516
f50d20947c20
(Emulating Mode Line): Update format-mode-line entry.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
59492
diff
changeset
|
2082 However, if @var{face} is an integer, the value has no text properties. |
59389
f1eb5a3ef974
(Emulating Mode Line): format-mode-line requires 1 arg.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
59138
diff
changeset
|
2083 |
f1eb5a3ef974
(Emulating Mode Line): format-mode-line requires 1 arg.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
59138
diff
changeset
|
2084 For example, @code{(format-mode-line header-line-format)} returns the |
f1eb5a3ef974
(Emulating Mode Line): format-mode-line requires 1 arg.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
59138
diff
changeset
|
2085 text that would appear in the selected window's header line (@code{""} |
59492
8732f8552b7d
(Emulating Mode Line): Doc FACE arg in format-header-line.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
59389
diff
changeset
|
2086 if it has no header line). @code{(format-mode-line header-line-format |
59516
f50d20947c20
(Emulating Mode Line): Update format-mode-line entry.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
59492
diff
changeset
|
2087 'header-line)} returns the same text, with each character |
59492
8732f8552b7d
(Emulating Mode Line): Doc FACE arg in format-header-line.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
59389
diff
changeset
|
2088 carrying the face that it will have in the header line itself. |
52187
a39b6df244a7
(Emulating Mode Line): New node.
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parents:
52001
diff
changeset
|
2089 @end defun |
a39b6df244a7
(Emulating Mode Line): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52001
diff
changeset
|
2090 |
21007
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|
2091 @node Imenu |
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|
2092 @section Imenu |
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|
2093 |
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|
2094 @cindex Imenu |
21682
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|
2095 @dfn{Imenu} is a feature that lets users select a definition or |
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parents:
21007
diff
changeset
|
2096 section in the buffer, from a menu which lists all of them, to go |
52001
b96d92c96bd1
(Imenu): Add xref to Emacs Manual node on Imenu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51917
diff
changeset
|
2097 directly to that location in the buffer. Imenu works by constructing |
b96d92c96bd1
(Imenu): Add xref to Emacs Manual node on Imenu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51917
diff
changeset
|
2098 a buffer index which lists the names and buffer positions of the |
25875 | 2099 definitions, or other named portions of the buffer; then the user can |
59942
1f6a9cf44999
(Major Mode Conventions): Mention "system abbrevs".
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|
2100 choose one of them and move point to it. Major modes can add a menu |
1f6a9cf44999
(Major Mode Conventions): Mention "system abbrevs".
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parents:
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changeset
|
2101 bar item to use Imenu using @code{imenu-add-to-menubar}. |
1f6a9cf44999
(Major Mode Conventions): Mention "system abbrevs".
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|
2102 |
1f6a9cf44999
(Major Mode Conventions): Mention "system abbrevs".
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|
2103 @defun imenu-add-to-menubar name |
1f6a9cf44999
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|
2104 This function defines a local menu bar item named @var{name} |
1f6a9cf44999
(Major Mode Conventions): Mention "system abbrevs".
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changeset
|
2105 to run Imenu. |
1f6a9cf44999
(Major Mode Conventions): Mention "system abbrevs".
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changeset
|
2106 @end defun |
1f6a9cf44999
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|
2107 |
1f6a9cf44999
(Major Mode Conventions): Mention "system abbrevs".
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changeset
|
2108 The user-level commands for using Imenu are described in the Emacs |
1f6a9cf44999
(Major Mode Conventions): Mention "system abbrevs".
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changeset
|
2109 Manual (@pxref{Imenu,, Imenu, emacs, the Emacs Manual}). This section |
1f6a9cf44999
(Major Mode Conventions): Mention "system abbrevs".
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|
2110 explains how to customize Imenu's method of finding definitions or |
1f6a9cf44999
(Major Mode Conventions): Mention "system abbrevs".
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changeset
|
2111 buffer portions for a particular major mode. |
21682
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|
2112 |
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|
2113 The usual and simplest way is to set the variable |
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|
2114 @code{imenu-generic-expression}: |
21007
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|
2115 |
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|
2116 @defvar imenu-generic-expression |
52744
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(Major Mode Conventions): Mention third way to set up Imenu.
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parents:
52663
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|
2117 This variable, if non-@code{nil}, is a list that specifies regular |
c81c292a982b
(Major Mode Conventions): Mention third way to set up Imenu.
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parents:
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changeset
|
2118 expressions for finding definitions for Imenu. Simple elements of |
c81c292a982b
(Major Mode Conventions): Mention third way to set up Imenu.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
52663
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changeset
|
2119 @code{imenu-generic-expression} look like this: |
21007
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|
2120 |
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|
2121 @example |
52744
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|
2122 (@var{menu-title} @var{regexp} @var{index}) |
21007
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|
2123 @end example |
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|
2124 |
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|
2125 Here, if @var{menu-title} is non-@code{nil}, it says that the matches |
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|
2126 for this element should go in a submenu of the buffer index; |
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|
2127 @var{menu-title} itself specifies the name for the submenu. If |
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
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|
2128 @var{menu-title} is @code{nil}, the matches for this element go directly |
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2129 in the top level of the buffer index. |
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2130 |
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2131 The second item in the list, @var{regexp}, is a regular expression |
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2132 (@pxref{Regular Expressions}); anything in the buffer that it matches |
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2133 is considered a definition, something to mention in the buffer index. |
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2134 The third item, @var{index}, is a non-negative integer that indicates |
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2135 which subexpression in @var{regexp} matches the definition's name. |
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2136 |
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2137 An element can also look like this: |
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2138 |
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2139 @example |
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2140 (@var{menu-title} @var{regexp} @var{index} @var{function} @var{arguments}@dots{}) |
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2141 @end example |
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2142 |
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2143 Like in the previous case, each match for this element creates an |
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2144 index item. However, if this index item is selected by the user, it |
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2145 calls @var{function} with arguments consisting of the item name, the |
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2146 buffer position, and @var{arguments}. |
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2147 |
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2148 For Emacs Lisp mode, @code{imenu-generic-expression} could look like |
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2149 this: |
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2150 |
22138
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2151 @c should probably use imenu-syntax-alist and \\sw rather than [-A-Za-z0-9+] |
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2152 @example |
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2153 @group |
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2154 ((nil "^\\s-*(def\\(un\\|subst\\|macro\\|advice\\)\ |
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2155 \\s-+\\([-A-Za-z0-9+]+\\)" 2) |
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2156 @end group |
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2157 @group |
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2158 ("*Vars*" "^\\s-*(def\\(var\\|const\\)\ |
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2159 \\s-+\\([-A-Za-z0-9+]+\\)" 2) |
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2160 @end group |
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2161 @group |
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2162 ("*Types*" |
22138
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2163 "^\\s-*\ |
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2164 (def\\(type\\|struct\\|class\\|ine-condition\\)\ |
21007
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2165 \\s-+\\([-A-Za-z0-9+]+\\)" 2)) |
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2166 @end group |
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2167 @end example |
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2168 |
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2169 Setting this variable makes it buffer-local in the current buffer. |
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2170 @end defvar |
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2171 |
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2172 @defvar imenu-case-fold-search |
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2173 This variable controls whether matching against the regular |
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2174 expressions in the value of @code{imenu-generic-expression} is |
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2175 case-sensitive: @code{t}, the default, means matching should ignore |
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2176 case. |
22138
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2177 |
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2178 Setting this variable makes it buffer-local in the current buffer. |
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2179 @end defvar |
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2180 |
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2181 @defvar imenu-syntax-alist |
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2182 This variable is an alist of syntax table modifiers to use while |
22252
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2183 processing @code{imenu-generic-expression}, to override the syntax table |
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2184 of the current buffer. Each element should have this form: |
22138
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2185 |
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2186 @example |
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2187 (@var{characters} . @var{syntax-description}) |
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2188 @end example |
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2189 |
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2190 The @sc{car}, @var{characters}, can be either a character or a string. |
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2191 The element says to give that character or characters the syntax |
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2192 specified by @var{syntax-description}, which is passed to |
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2193 @code{modify-syntax-entry} (@pxref{Syntax Table Functions}). |
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2194 |
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2195 This feature is typically used to give word syntax to characters which |
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2196 normally have symbol syntax, and thus to simplify |
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2197 @code{imenu-generic-expression} and speed up matching. |
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2198 For example, Fortran mode uses it this way: |
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2199 |
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2200 @example |
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2201 (setq imenu-syntax-alist '(("_$" . "w"))) |
22138
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2202 @end example |
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2203 |
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2204 The @code{imenu-generic-expression} regular expressions can then use |
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2205 @samp{\\sw+} instead of @samp{\\(\\sw\\|\\s_\\)+}. Note that this |
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2206 technique may be inconvenient when the mode needs to limit the initial |
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2207 character of a name to a smaller set of characters than are allowed in |
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2208 the rest of a name. |
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2209 |
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2210 Setting this variable makes it buffer-local in the current buffer. |
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2211 @end defvar |
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2212 |
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2213 Another way to customize Imenu for a major mode is to set the |
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2214 variables @code{imenu-prev-index-position-function} and |
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2215 @code{imenu-extract-index-name-function}: |
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2216 |
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2217 @defvar imenu-prev-index-position-function |
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2218 If this variable is non-@code{nil}, its value should be a function that |
25875 | 2219 finds the next ``definition'' to put in the buffer index, scanning |
2220 backward in the buffer from point. It should return @code{nil} if it | |
48700 | 2221 doesn't find another ``definition'' before point. Otherwise it should |
25875 | 2222 leave point at the place it finds a ``definition,'' and return any |
2223 non-@code{nil} value. | |
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2224 |
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2225 Setting this variable makes it buffer-local in the current buffer. |
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2226 @end defvar |
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2227 |
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2228 @defvar imenu-extract-index-name-function |
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2229 If this variable is non-@code{nil}, its value should be a function to |
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2230 return the name for a definition, assuming point is in that definition |
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2231 as the @code{imenu-prev-index-position-function} function would leave |
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2232 it. |
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2233 |
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2234 Setting this variable makes it buffer-local in the current buffer. |
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2235 @end defvar |
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2236 |
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2237 The last way to customize Imenu for a major mode is to set the |
25875 | 2238 variable @code{imenu-create-index-function}: |
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2239 |
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2240 @defvar imenu-create-index-function |
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2241 This variable specifies the function to use for creating a buffer |
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2242 index. The function should take no arguments, and return an index |
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2243 alist for the current buffer. It is called within |
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2244 @code{save-excursion}, so where it leaves point makes no difference. |
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2245 |
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2246 The index alist can have three types of elements. Simple elements |
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2247 look like this: |
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2248 |
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2249 @example |
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2250 (@var{index-name} . @var{index-position}) |
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2251 @end example |
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2252 |
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2253 Selecting a simple element has the effect of moving to position |
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2254 @var{index-position} in the buffer. Special elements look like this: |
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2255 |
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2256 @example |
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2257 (@var{index-name} @var{index-position} @var{function} @var{arguments}@dots{}) |
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2258 @end example |
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2259 |
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2260 Selecting a special element performs: |
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2261 |
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2262 @example |
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2263 (funcall @var{function} |
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2264 @var{index-name} @var{index-position} @var{arguments}@dots{}) |
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2265 @end example |
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2266 |
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2267 A nested sub-alist element looks like this: |
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2268 |
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2269 @example |
52802
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2270 (@var{menu-title} @var{sub-alist}) |
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2271 @end example |
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2272 |
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2273 It creates the submenu @var{menu-title} specified by @var{sub-alist}. |
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2274 |
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2275 The default value of @code{imenu-create-index-function} is |
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2276 @code{imenu-default-create-index-function}. This function uses |
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2277 @code{imenu-prev-index-position-function} and |
52744
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2278 @code{imenu-extract-index-name-function} to produce the index alist. |
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2279 However, if either of these two variables is @code{nil}, the default |
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2280 function uses @code{imenu-generic-expression} instead. |
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2281 |
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2282 Setting this variable makes it buffer-local in the current buffer. |
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2283 @end defvar |
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2284 |
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2285 @node Font Lock Mode |
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2286 @section Font Lock Mode |
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2287 @cindex Font Lock Mode |
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2288 |
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2289 @dfn{Font Lock mode} is a feature that automatically attaches |
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2290 @code{face} properties to certain parts of the buffer based on their |
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2291 syntactic role. How it parses the buffer depends on the major mode; |
25875 | 2292 most major modes define syntactic criteria for which faces to use in |
21682
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2293 which contexts. This section explains how to customize Font Lock for a |
25875 | 2294 particular major mode. |
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2295 |
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2296 Font Lock mode finds text to highlight in two ways: through |
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2297 syntactic parsing based on the syntax table, and through searching |
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2298 (usually for regular expressions). Syntactic fontification happens |
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2299 first; it finds comments and string constants and highlights them. |
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2300 Search-based fontification happens second. |
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2301 |
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2302 @menu |
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2303 * Font Lock Basics:: Overview of customizing Font Lock. |
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2304 * Search-based Fontification:: Fontification based on regexps. |
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2305 * Other Font Lock Variables:: Additional customization facilities. |
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2306 * Levels of Font Lock:: Each mode can define alternative levels |
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2307 so that the user can select more or less. |
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2308 * Precalculated Fontification:: How Lisp programs that produce the buffer |
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2309 contents can also specify how to fontify it. |
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2310 * Faces for Font Lock:: Special faces specifically for Font Lock. |
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2311 * Syntactic Font Lock:: Fontification based on syntax tables. |
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2312 * Setting Syntax Properties:: Defining character syntax based on context |
59942
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2313 using the Font Lock mechanism. |
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2314 @end menu |
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2315 |
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2316 @node Font Lock Basics |
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2317 @subsection Font Lock Basics |
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2318 |
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2319 There are several variables that control how Font Lock mode highlights |
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2320 text. But major modes should not set any of these variables directly. |
24934 | 2321 Instead, they should set @code{font-lock-defaults} as a buffer-local |
21682
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2322 variable. The value assigned to this variable is used, if and when Font |
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2323 Lock mode is enabled, to set all the other variables. |
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2324 |
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2325 @defvar font-lock-defaults |
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2326 This variable is set by major modes, as a buffer-local variable, to |
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2327 specify how to fontify text in that mode. It automatically becomes |
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2328 buffer-local when you set it. The value should look like this: |
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2329 |
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2330 @example |
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2331 (@var{keywords} [@var{keywords-only} [@var{case-fold} |
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2332 [@var{syntax-alist} [@var{syntax-begin} @var{other-vars}@dots{}]]]]) |
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2333 @end example |
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2334 |
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2335 The first element, @var{keywords}, indirectly specifies the value of |
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2336 @code{font-lock-keywords} which directs search-based fontification. |
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2337 It can be a symbol, a variable or a function whose value is the list |
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2338 to use for @code{font-lock-keywords}. It can also be a list of |
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2339 several such symbols, one for each possible level of fontification. |
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2340 The first symbol specifies how to do level 1 fontification, the second |
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2341 symbol how to do level 2, and so on. @xref{Levels of Font Lock}. |
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2342 |
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2343 The second element, @var{keywords-only}, specifies the value of the |
22138
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2344 variable @code{font-lock-keywords-only}. If this is non-@code{nil}, |
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2345 syntactic fontification (of strings and comments) is not performed. |
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2346 @xref{Syntactic Font Lock}. |
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2347 |
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2348 The third element, @var{case-fold}, specifies the value of |
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2349 @code{font-lock-keywords-case-fold-search}. If it is non-@code{nil}, |
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2350 Font Lock mode ignores case when searching as directed by |
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2351 @code{font-lock-keywords}. |
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2352 |
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2353 If the fourth element, @var{syntax-alist}, is non-@code{nil}, it |
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2354 should be a list of cons cells of the form @code{(@var{char-or-string} |
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2355 . @var{string})}. These are used to set up a syntax table for |
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2356 syntactic fontification (@pxref{Syntax Table Functions}). The |
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2357 resulting syntax table is stored in @code{font-lock-syntax-table}. |
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2358 |
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2359 The fifth element, @var{syntax-begin}, specifies the value of |
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2360 @code{font-lock-beginning-of-syntax-function}. |
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2361 |
25875 | 2362 All the remaining elements (if any) are collectively called |
2363 @var{other-vars}. Each of these elements should have the form | |
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2364 @code{(@var{variable} . @var{value})}---which means, make |
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2365 @var{variable} buffer-local and then set it to @var{value}. You can |
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2366 use these @var{other-vars} to set other variables that affect |
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2367 fontification, aside from those you can control with the first five |
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2368 elements. @xref{Other Font Lock Variables}. |
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2369 @end defvar |
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2370 |
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2371 @node Search-based Fontification |
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2372 @subsection Search-based Fontification |
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2373 |
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2374 The most important variable for customizing Font Lock mode is |
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2375 @code{font-lock-keywords}. It specifies the search criteria for |
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2376 search-based fontification. You should specify the value of this |
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2377 variable with @var{keywords} in @code{font-lock-defaults}. |
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2378 |
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2379 @defvar font-lock-keywords |
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2380 This variable's value is a list of the keywords to highlight. Be |
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2381 careful when composing regular expressions for this list; a poorly |
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2382 written pattern can dramatically slow things down! |
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2383 @end defvar |
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2384 |
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2385 Each element of @code{font-lock-keywords} specifies how to find |
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2386 certain cases of text, and how to highlight those cases. Font Lock mode |
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2387 processes the elements of @code{font-lock-keywords} one by one, and for |
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2388 each element, it finds and handles all matches. Ordinarily, once |
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2389 part of the text has been fontified already, this cannot be overridden |
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2390 by a subsequent match in the same text; but you can specify different |
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2391 behavior using the @var{override} element of a @var{subexp-highlighter}. |
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2392 |
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2393 Each element of @code{font-lock-keywords} should have one of these |
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2394 forms: |
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2395 |
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2396 @table @code |
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2397 @item @var{regexp} |
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2398 Highlight all matches for @var{regexp} using |
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2399 @code{font-lock-keyword-face}. For example, |
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2400 |
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2401 @example |
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2402 ;; @r{Highlight occurrences of the word @samp{foo}} |
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2403 ;; @r{using @code{font-lock-keyword-face}.} |
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2404 "\\<foo\\>" |
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2405 @end example |
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2406 |
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2407 The function @code{regexp-opt} (@pxref{Regexp Functions}) is useful |
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2408 for calculating optimal regular expressions to match a number of |
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2409 different keywords. |
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2410 |
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2411 @item @var{function} |
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2412 Find text by calling @var{function}, and highlight the matches |
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2413 it finds using @code{font-lock-keyword-face}. |
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2414 |
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2415 When @var{function} is called, it receives one argument, the limit of |
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2416 the search; it should begin searching at point, and not search beyond the |
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2417 limit. It should return non-@code{nil} if it succeeds, and set the |
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2418 match data to describe the match that was found. Returning @code{nil} |
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2419 indicates failure of the search. |
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2420 |
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2421 Fontification will call @var{function} repeatedly with the same limit, |
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2422 and with point where the previous invocation left it, until |
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2423 @var{function} fails. On failure, @var{function} need not reset point |
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2424 in any particular way. |
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2425 |
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2426 @item (@var{matcher} . @var{subexp}) |
24934 | 2427 In this kind of element, @var{matcher} is either a regular |
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2428 expression or a function, as described above. The @sc{cdr}, |
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2429 @var{subexp}, specifies which subexpression of @var{matcher} should be |
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2430 highlighted (instead of the entire text that @var{matcher} matched). |
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2431 |
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2432 @example |
25751
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2433 ;; @r{Highlight the @samp{bar} in each occurrence of @samp{fubar},} |
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2434 ;; @r{using @code{font-lock-keyword-face}.} |
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2435 ("fu\\(bar\\)" . 1) |
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2436 @end example |
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2437 |
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2438 If you use @code{regexp-opt} to produce the regular expression |
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2439 @var{matcher}, then you can use @code{regexp-opt-depth} (@pxref{Regexp |
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2440 Functions}) to calculate the value for @var{subexp}. |
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2441 |
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2442 @item (@var{matcher} . @var{facespec}) |
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2443 In this kind of element, @var{facespec} is an expression whose value |
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2444 specifies the face to use for highlighting. In the simplest case, |
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2445 @var{facespec} is a Lisp variable (a symbol) whose value is a face |
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2446 name. |
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2447 |
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2448 @example |
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2449 ;; @r{Highlight occurrences of @samp{fubar},} |
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2450 ;; @r{using the face which is the value of @code{fubar-face}.} |
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2451 ("fubar" . fubar-face) |
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2452 @end example |
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2453 |
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2454 However, @var{facespec} can also evaluate to a list of this form: |
51917
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2455 |
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2456 @example |
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2457 (face @var{face} @var{prop1} @var{val1} @var{prop2} @var{val2}@dots{}) |
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2458 @end example |
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2459 |
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2460 @noindent |
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2461 to specify the face @var{face} and various additional text properties |
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2462 to put on the text that matches. If you do this, be sure to add the |
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2463 other text property names that you set in this way to the value of |
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2464 @code{font-lock-extra-managed-props} so that the properties will also |
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2465 be cleared out when they are no longer appropriate. Alternatively, |
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2466 you can set the variable @code{font-lock-unfontify-region-function} to |
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2467 a function that clears these properties. @xref{Other Font Lock |
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2468 Variables}. |
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2469 |
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2470 @item (@var{matcher} . @var{subexp-highlighter}) |
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2471 In this kind of element, @var{subexp-highlighter} is a list |
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2472 which specifies how to highlight matches found by @var{matcher}. |
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2473 It has the form: |
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2474 |
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2475 @example |
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2476 (@var{subexp} @var{facespec} [[@var{override} [@var{laxmatch}]]) |
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2477 @end example |
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2478 |
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2479 The @sc{car}, @var{subexp}, is an integer specifying which subexpression |
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2480 of the match to fontify (0 means the entire matching text). The second |
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2481 subelement, @var{facespec}, is an expression whose value specifies the |
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2482 face, as described above. |
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2483 |
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2484 The last two values in @var{subexp-highlighter}, @var{override} and |
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2485 @var{laxmatch}, are optional flags. If @var{override} is @code{t}, |
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2486 this element can override existing fontification made by previous |
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(Search-based Fontification): Fix cross references.
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parents:
61322
diff
changeset
|
2487 elements of @code{font-lock-keywords}. If it is @code{keep}, then |
d719a3a92aa5
(Search-based Fontification): Fix cross references.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61322
diff
changeset
|
2488 each character is fontified if it has not been fontified already by |
d719a3a92aa5
(Search-based Fontification): Fix cross references.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61322
diff
changeset
|
2489 some other element. If it is @code{prepend}, the face specified by |
53430
7abfe409def6
(Search-based Fontification): Explain that
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52978
diff
changeset
|
2490 @var{facespec} is added to the beginning of the @code{font-lock-face} |
7abfe409def6
(Search-based Fontification): Explain that
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52978
diff
changeset
|
2491 property. If it is @code{append}, the face is added to the end of the |
52187
a39b6df244a7
(Emulating Mode Line): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52001
diff
changeset
|
2492 @code{font-lock-face} property. |
21007
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
17278
diff
changeset
|
2493 |
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
17278
diff
changeset
|
2494 If @var{laxmatch} is non-@code{nil}, it means there should be no error |
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
17278
diff
changeset
|
2495 if there is no subexpression numbered @var{subexp} in @var{matcher}. |
25975
e368b754fe25
Add patch from rms around line 1870.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
25950
diff
changeset
|
2496 Obviously, fontification of the subexpression numbered @var{subexp} will |
e368b754fe25
Add patch from rms around line 1870.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
25950
diff
changeset
|
2497 not occur. However, fontification of other subexpressions (and other |
e368b754fe25
Add patch from rms around line 1870.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
25950
diff
changeset
|
2498 regexps) will continue. If @var{laxmatch} is @code{nil}, and the |
57213
3497eca006fe
Various minor changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents:
56768
diff
changeset
|
2499 specified subexpression is missing, then an error is signaled which |
25975
e368b754fe25
Add patch from rms around line 1870.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
25950
diff
changeset
|
2500 terminates search-based fontification. |
21007
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
17278
diff
changeset
|
2501 |
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
17278
diff
changeset
|
2502 Here are some examples of elements of this kind, and what they do: |
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
17278
diff
changeset
|
2503 |
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
17278
diff
changeset
|
2504 @smallexample |
61377
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(Search-based Fontification): Fix cross references.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61322
diff
changeset
|
2505 ;; @r{Highlight occurrences of either @samp{foo} or @samp{bar}, using} |
d719a3a92aa5
(Search-based Fontification): Fix cross references.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61322
diff
changeset
|
2506 ;; @r{@code{foo-bar-face}, even if they have already been highlighted.} |
21007
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
17278
diff
changeset
|
2507 ;; @r{@code{foo-bar-face} should be a variable whose value is a face.} |
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
17278
diff
changeset
|
2508 ("foo\\|bar" 0 foo-bar-face t) |
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
17278
diff
changeset
|
2509 |
25751
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
24934
diff
changeset
|
2510 ;; @r{Highlight the first subexpression within each occurrence} |
21007
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
17278
diff
changeset
|
2511 ;; @r{that the function @code{fubar-match} finds,} |
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
17278
diff
changeset
|
2512 ;; @r{using the face which is the value of @code{fubar-face}.} |
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
17278
diff
changeset
|
2513 (fubar-match 1 fubar-face) |
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
17278
diff
changeset
|
2514 @end smallexample |
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
17278
diff
changeset
|
2515 |
61377
d719a3a92aa5
(Search-based Fontification): Fix cross references.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61322
diff
changeset
|
2516 @item (@var{matcher} . @var{anchored-highlighter}) |
d719a3a92aa5
(Search-based Fontification): Fix cross references.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61322
diff
changeset
|
2517 In this kind of element, @var{anchored-highlighter} specifies how to |
d719a3a92aa5
(Search-based Fontification): Fix cross references.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61322
diff
changeset
|
2518 highlight text that follows a match found by @var{matcher}. So a |
d719a3a92aa5
(Search-based Fontification): Fix cross references.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61322
diff
changeset
|
2519 match found by @var{matcher} acts as the anchor for further searches |
d719a3a92aa5
(Search-based Fontification): Fix cross references.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61322
diff
changeset
|
2520 specified by @var{anchored-highlighter}. @var{anchored-highlighter} |
d719a3a92aa5
(Search-based Fontification): Fix cross references.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61322
diff
changeset
|
2521 is a list of the following form: |
21007
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
17278
diff
changeset
|
2522 |
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
17278
diff
changeset
|
2523 @example |
61377
d719a3a92aa5
(Search-based Fontification): Fix cross references.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61322
diff
changeset
|
2524 (@var{anchored-matcher} @var{pre-form} @var{post-form} |
d719a3a92aa5
(Search-based Fontification): Fix cross references.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61322
diff
changeset
|
2525 @var{subexp-highlighters}@dots{}) |
21007
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
17278
diff
changeset
|
2526 @end example |
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
17278
diff
changeset
|
2527 |
61377
d719a3a92aa5
(Search-based Fontification): Fix cross references.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61322
diff
changeset
|
2528 Here, @var{anchored-matcher}, like @var{matcher}, is either a regular |
d719a3a92aa5
(Search-based Fontification): Fix cross references.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61322
diff
changeset
|
2529 expression or a function. After a match of @var{matcher} is found, |
d719a3a92aa5
(Search-based Fontification): Fix cross references.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61322
diff
changeset
|
2530 point is at the end of the match. Now, Font Lock evaluates the form |
d719a3a92aa5
(Search-based Fontification): Fix cross references.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61322
diff
changeset
|
2531 @var{pre-form}. Then it searches for matches of |
d719a3a92aa5
(Search-based Fontification): Fix cross references.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61322
diff
changeset
|
2532 @var{anchored-matcher} and uses @var{subexp-highlighters} to highlight |
d719a3a92aa5
(Search-based Fontification): Fix cross references.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61322
diff
changeset
|
2533 these. A @var{subexp-highlighter} is as described above. Finally, |
d719a3a92aa5
(Search-based Fontification): Fix cross references.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61322
diff
changeset
|
2534 Font Lock evaluates @var{post-form}. |
d719a3a92aa5
(Search-based Fontification): Fix cross references.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61322
diff
changeset
|
2535 |
d719a3a92aa5
(Search-based Fontification): Fix cross references.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61322
diff
changeset
|
2536 The forms @var{pre-form} and @var{post-form} can be used to initialize |
d719a3a92aa5
(Search-based Fontification): Fix cross references.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61322
diff
changeset
|
2537 before, and cleanup after, @var{anchored-matcher} is used. Typically, |
d719a3a92aa5
(Search-based Fontification): Fix cross references.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61322
diff
changeset
|
2538 @var{pre-form} is used to move point to some position relative to the |
d719a3a92aa5
(Search-based Fontification): Fix cross references.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61322
diff
changeset
|
2539 match of @var{matcher}, before starting with @var{anchored-matcher}. |
d719a3a92aa5
(Search-based Fontification): Fix cross references.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61322
diff
changeset
|
2540 @var{post-form} might be used to move back, before resuming with |
d719a3a92aa5
(Search-based Fontification): Fix cross references.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61322
diff
changeset
|
2541 @var{matcher}. |
d719a3a92aa5
(Search-based Fontification): Fix cross references.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61322
diff
changeset
|
2542 |
d719a3a92aa5
(Search-based Fontification): Fix cross references.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61322
diff
changeset
|
2543 After Font Lock evaluates @var{pre-form}, it does not search for |
d719a3a92aa5
(Search-based Fontification): Fix cross references.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61322
diff
changeset
|
2544 @var{anchored-matcher} beyond the end of the line. However, if |
d719a3a92aa5
(Search-based Fontification): Fix cross references.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61322
diff
changeset
|
2545 @var{pre-form} returns a buffer position that is greater than the |
d719a3a92aa5
(Search-based Fontification): Fix cross references.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61322
diff
changeset
|
2546 position of point after @var{pre-form} is evaluated, then the position |
d719a3a92aa5
(Search-based Fontification): Fix cross references.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61322
diff
changeset
|
2547 returned by @var{pre-form} is used as the limit of the search instead. |
d719a3a92aa5
(Search-based Fontification): Fix cross references.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61322
diff
changeset
|
2548 It is generally a bad idea to return a position greater than the end |
d719a3a92aa5
(Search-based Fontification): Fix cross references.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61322
diff
changeset
|
2549 of the line; in other words, the @var{anchored-matcher} search should |
d719a3a92aa5
(Search-based Fontification): Fix cross references.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61322
diff
changeset
|
2550 not span lines. |
d719a3a92aa5
(Search-based Fontification): Fix cross references.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61322
diff
changeset
|
2551 |
d719a3a92aa5
(Search-based Fontification): Fix cross references.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61322
diff
changeset
|
2552 For example, |
d719a3a92aa5
(Search-based Fontification): Fix cross references.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61322
diff
changeset
|
2553 |
d719a3a92aa5
(Search-based Fontification): Fix cross references.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61322
diff
changeset
|
2554 @smallexample |
d719a3a92aa5
(Search-based Fontification): Fix cross references.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61322
diff
changeset
|
2555 ;; @r{Highlight occurrences of the word @samp{item} following} |
d719a3a92aa5
(Search-based Fontification): Fix cross references.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61322
diff
changeset
|
2556 ;; @r{an occurrence of the word @samp{anchor} (on the same line)} |
d719a3a92aa5
(Search-based Fontification): Fix cross references.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61322
diff
changeset
|
2557 ;; @r{in the value of @code{item-face}.} |
d719a3a92aa5
(Search-based Fontification): Fix cross references.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61322
diff
changeset
|
2558 ("\\<anchor\\>" "\\<item\\>" nil nil (0 item-face)) |
d719a3a92aa5
(Search-based Fontification): Fix cross references.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61322
diff
changeset
|
2559 @end smallexample |
d719a3a92aa5
(Search-based Fontification): Fix cross references.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61322
diff
changeset
|
2560 |
d719a3a92aa5
(Search-based Fontification): Fix cross references.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61322
diff
changeset
|
2561 Here, @var{pre-form} and @var{post-form} are @code{nil}. Therefore |
d719a3a92aa5
(Search-based Fontification): Fix cross references.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61322
diff
changeset
|
2562 searching for @samp{item} starts at the end of the match of |
d719a3a92aa5
(Search-based Fontification): Fix cross references.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61322
diff
changeset
|
2563 @samp{anchor}, and searching for subsequent instances of @samp{anchor} |
d719a3a92aa5
(Search-based Fontification): Fix cross references.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61322
diff
changeset
|
2564 resumes from where searching for @samp{item} concluded. |
d719a3a92aa5
(Search-based Fontification): Fix cross references.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61322
diff
changeset
|
2565 |
d719a3a92aa5
(Search-based Fontification): Fix cross references.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61322
diff
changeset
|
2566 @item (@var{matcher} @var{highlighters}@dots{}) |
d719a3a92aa5
(Search-based Fontification): Fix cross references.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61322
diff
changeset
|
2567 This sort of element specifies several @var{highlighter} lists for a |
d719a3a92aa5
(Search-based Fontification): Fix cross references.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61322
diff
changeset
|
2568 single @var{matcher}. A @var{highlighter} list can be of the type |
d719a3a92aa5
(Search-based Fontification): Fix cross references.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61322
diff
changeset
|
2569 @var{subexp-highlighter} or @var{anchored-highlighter} as described |
d719a3a92aa5
(Search-based Fontification): Fix cross references.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61322
diff
changeset
|
2570 above. |
d719a3a92aa5
(Search-based Fontification): Fix cross references.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61322
diff
changeset
|
2571 |
d719a3a92aa5
(Search-based Fontification): Fix cross references.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61322
diff
changeset
|
2572 For example, |
d719a3a92aa5
(Search-based Fontification): Fix cross references.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61322
diff
changeset
|
2573 |
d719a3a92aa5
(Search-based Fontification): Fix cross references.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61322
diff
changeset
|
2574 @smallexample |
d719a3a92aa5
(Search-based Fontification): Fix cross references.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61322
diff
changeset
|
2575 ;; @r{Highlight occurrences of the word @samp{anchor} in the value} |
d719a3a92aa5
(Search-based Fontification): Fix cross references.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61322
diff
changeset
|
2576 ;; @r{of @code{anchor-face}, and subsequent occurrences of the word} |
d719a3a92aa5
(Search-based Fontification): Fix cross references.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61322
diff
changeset
|
2577 ;; @r{@samp{item} (on the same line) in the value of @code{item-face}.} |
d719a3a92aa5
(Search-based Fontification): Fix cross references.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61322
diff
changeset
|
2578 ("\\<anchor\\>" (0 anchor-face) |
d719a3a92aa5
(Search-based Fontification): Fix cross references.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61322
diff
changeset
|
2579 ("\\<item\\>" nil nil (0 item-face))) |
d719a3a92aa5
(Search-based Fontification): Fix cross references.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61322
diff
changeset
|
2580 @end smallexample |
21007
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
17278
diff
changeset
|
2581 |
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
17278
diff
changeset
|
2582 @item (eval . @var{form}) |
21682
90da2489c498
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
21007
diff
changeset
|
2583 Here @var{form} is an expression to be evaluated the first time |
21007
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
17278
diff
changeset
|
2584 this value of @code{font-lock-keywords} is used in a buffer. |
21682
90da2489c498
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
21007
diff
changeset
|
2585 Its value should have one of the forms described in this table. |
21007
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
17278
diff
changeset
|
2586 @end table |
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
17278
diff
changeset
|
2587 |
61906
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
changeset
|
2588 @vindex font-lock-multiline |
21007
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
17278
diff
changeset
|
2589 @strong{Warning:} Do not design an element of @code{font-lock-keywords} |
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
17278
diff
changeset
|
2590 to match text which spans lines; this does not work reliably. While |
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
17278
diff
changeset
|
2591 @code{font-lock-fontify-buffer} handles multi-line patterns correctly, |
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
17278
diff
changeset
|
2592 updating when you edit the buffer does not, since it considers text one |
52956
667459455d3c
Document the existance of font-lock-syntactic-face-function and
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
52859
diff
changeset
|
2593 line at a time. If you have patterns that typically only span one |
667459455d3c
Document the existance of font-lock-syntactic-face-function and
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
52859
diff
changeset
|
2594 line but can occasionally span two or three, such as |
61377
d719a3a92aa5
(Search-based Fontification): Fix cross references.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61322
diff
changeset
|
2595 @samp{<title>...</title>}, you can ask Font Lock to be more careful by |
52956
667459455d3c
Document the existance of font-lock-syntactic-face-function and
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
52859
diff
changeset
|
2596 setting @code{font-lock-multiline} to @code{t}. But it still will not |
667459455d3c
Document the existance of font-lock-syntactic-face-function and
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
52859
diff
changeset
|
2597 work in all cases. |
21007
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
17278
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|
2598 |
61906
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(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
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61853
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|
2599 You can use @var{case-fold} in @code{font-lock-defaults} to specify |
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(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
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changeset
|
2600 the value of @code{font-lock-keywords-case-fold-search} which says |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2601 whether search-based fontification should be case-insensitive. |
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
2602 |
66d807bdc5b4
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|
2603 @defvar font-lock-keywords-case-fold-search |
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|
2604 Non-@code{nil} means that regular expression matching for the sake of |
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
2605 @code{font-lock-keywords} should be case-insensitive. |
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|
2606 @end defvar |
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|
2607 |
61906
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Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
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|
2608 You can use @code{font-lock-add-keywords} to add additional |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
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|
2609 search-based fontification rules to a major mode, and |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2610 @code{font-lock-remove-keywords} to removes rules. |
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(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
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|
2611 |
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(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
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|
2612 @defun font-lock-add-keywords mode keywords &optional append |
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(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2613 This function adds highlighting @var{keywords} for @var{mode}. The |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
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|
2614 argument @var{keywords} should be a list with the same format as the |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
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|
2615 variable @code{font-lock-keywords}. @var{mode} should be a symbol, |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2616 the major mode command name, such as @code{c-mode}. When Font Lock |
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(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2617 mode is turned on in @var{mode}, it adds @var{keywords} to |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
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|
2618 @code{font-lock-keywords}. @var{mode} can also be @code{nil}; the |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
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|
2619 highlighting @var{keywords} are immediately added to |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
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|
2620 @code{font-lock-keywords} in the current buffer in that case. |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2621 |
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(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2622 By default, @var{keywords} are added at the beginning of |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
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|
2623 @code{font-lock-keywords}. If the optional argument @var{append} is |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
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|
2624 @code{set}, they are used to replace the value of |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
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|
2625 @code{font-lock-keywords}. If @var{append} is any other |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2626 non-@code{nil} value, they are added at the end of |
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(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2627 @code{font-lock-keywords}. |
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(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
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|
2628 |
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Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2629 For example: |
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(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
2630 |
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Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
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|
2631 @smallexample |
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Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2632 (font-lock-add-keywords 'c-mode |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
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|
2633 '(("\\<\\(FIXME\\):" 1 font-lock-warning-face prepend) |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2634 ("\\<\\(and\\|or\\|not\\)\\>" . font-lock-keyword-face))) |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
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|
2635 @end smallexample |
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(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2636 |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
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changeset
|
2637 adds two fontification patterns for C mode: one to fontify the word |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
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changeset
|
2638 @samp{FIXME}, even in comments, and another to fontify the words |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
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|
2639 @samp{and}, @samp{or} and @samp{not} as keywords. |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2640 |
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Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
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|
2641 Some modes have specialized support for additional patterns. See the |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
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|
2642 variables @code{c-font-lock-extra-types}, |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
2643 @code{c++-font-lock-extra-types}, @code{objc-font-lock-extra-types} |
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(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
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|
2644 and @code{java-font-lock-extra-types}, for example. |
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(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2645 @end defun |
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Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
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|
2646 |
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Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2647 @defun font-lock-remove-keywords mode keywords |
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(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
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|
2648 This function removes highlighting @var{keywords} for @var{mode}. As |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
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changeset
|
2649 in @code{font-lock-add-keywords}, @var{mode} should be a major mode |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
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|
2650 command name or @code{nil}. If @code{nil}, the highlighting |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
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changeset
|
2651 @var{keywords} are immediately removed in the current buffer. |
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(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
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|
2652 @end defun |
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(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
2653 |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
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changeset
|
2654 @strong{Warning:} Only use a non-@code{nil} @var{mode} argument when |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
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|
2655 you use @code{font-lock-add-keywords} or |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
changeset
|
2656 @code{font-lock-remove-keywords} in your @file{.emacs} file. When you |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
changeset
|
2657 use these functions from a Lisp program (such as a minor mode), we |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
changeset
|
2658 recommend that you use @code{nil} for @var{mode} (and place the call |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
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changeset
|
2659 on a hook) to avoid subtle problems due to the details of the |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
changeset
|
2660 implementation. |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
changeset
|
2661 |
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(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
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changeset
|
2662 @node Other Font Lock Variables |
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(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2663 @subsection Other Font Lock Variables |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
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changeset
|
2664 |
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(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
changeset
|
2665 This section describes additional variables that a major mode can |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
changeset
|
2666 set by means of @var{other-vars} in @code{font-lock-defaults} |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2667 (@pxref{Font Lock Basics}). |
21007
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|
2668 |
66d807bdc5b4
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
2669 @defvar font-lock-mark-block-function |
21682
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
2670 If this variable is non-@code{nil}, it should be a function that is |
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*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
21007
diff
changeset
|
2671 called with no arguments, to choose an enclosing range of text for |
61034
38d95bf39f6e
(Other Font Lock Variables): font-lock-fontify-block is now bound to M-o M-o.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents:
60784
diff
changeset
|
2672 refontification for the command @kbd{M-o M-o} |
21682
90da2489c498
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2673 (@code{font-lock-fontify-block}). |
21007
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|
2674 |
21682
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|
2675 The function should report its choice by placing the region around it. |
90da2489c498
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2676 A good choice is a range of text large enough to give proper results, |
90da2489c498
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
2677 but not too large so that refontification becomes slow. Typical values |
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*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
2678 are @code{mark-defun} for programming modes or @code{mark-paragraph} for |
90da2489c498
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2679 textual modes. |
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|
2680 @end defvar |
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
2681 |
51917
3039afbb0746
(Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2682 @defvar font-lock-extra-managed-props |
61906
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Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
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|
2683 This variable specifies additional properties (other than |
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(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
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changeset
|
2684 @code{font-lock-face}) that are being managed by Font Lock mode. It |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
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changeset
|
2685 is used by @code{font-lock-default-unfontify-region}, which normally |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
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|
2686 only manages the @code{font-lock-face} property. If you want Font |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
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changeset
|
2687 Lock to manage other properties as well, you must specify them in a |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
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changeset
|
2688 @var{facespec} in @code{font-lock-keywords} as well as add them to |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
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changeset
|
2689 this list. @xref{Search-based Fontification}. |
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(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
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changeset
|
2690 @end defvar |
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|
2691 |
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changeset
|
2692 @defvar font-lock-fontify-buffer-function |
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(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
2693 Function to use for fontifying the buffer. The default value is |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
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changeset
|
2694 @code{font-lock-default-fontify-buffer}. |
51917
3039afbb0746
(Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51794
diff
changeset
|
2695 @end defvar |
3039afbb0746
(Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2696 |
61906
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Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
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|
2697 @defvar font-lock-unfontify-buffer-function |
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(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
2698 Function to use for unfontifying the buffer. This is used when |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
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changeset
|
2699 turning off Font Lock mode. The default value is |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
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changeset
|
2700 @code{font-lock-default-unfontify-buffer}. |
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Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2701 @end defvar |
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changeset
|
2702 |
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changeset
|
2703 @defvar font-lock-fontify-region-function |
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Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
2704 Function to use for fontifying a region. It should take two |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
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changeset
|
2705 arguments, the beginning and end of the region, and an optional third |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
2706 argument @var{verbose}. If @var{verbose} is non-@code{nil}, the |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
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changeset
|
2707 function should print status messages. The default value is |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
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changeset
|
2708 @code{font-lock-default-fontify-region}. |
1210b12b4089
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2709 @end defvar |
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changeset
|
2710 |
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parents:
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changeset
|
2711 @defvar font-lock-unfontify-region-function |
1210b12b4089
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Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
changeset
|
2712 Function to use for unfontifying a region. It should take two |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
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changeset
|
2713 arguments, the beginning and end of the region. The default value is |
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(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2714 @code{font-lock-default-unfontify-region}. |
52956
667459455d3c
Document the existance of font-lock-syntactic-face-function and
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
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diff
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|
2715 @end defvar |
667459455d3c
Document the existance of font-lock-syntactic-face-function and
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|
2716 |
60784
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(Other Font Lock Variables): Document font-lock-lines-before.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2717 @defvar font-lock-lines-before |
569b1f95bbe0
(Other Font Lock Variables): Document font-lock-lines-before.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2718 This variable specifies the number of extra lines to consider when |
569b1f95bbe0
(Other Font Lock Variables): Document font-lock-lines-before.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2719 refontifying the buffer after each text change. Font lock begins |
569b1f95bbe0
(Other Font Lock Variables): Document font-lock-lines-before.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60450
diff
changeset
|
2720 refontifying from that number of lines before the changed region. The |
569b1f95bbe0
(Other Font Lock Variables): Document font-lock-lines-before.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60450
diff
changeset
|
2721 default is 1, but using a larger value can be useful for coping with |
569b1f95bbe0
(Other Font Lock Variables): Document font-lock-lines-before.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60450
diff
changeset
|
2722 multi-line patterns. |
569b1f95bbe0
(Other Font Lock Variables): Document font-lock-lines-before.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60450
diff
changeset
|
2723 @end defvar |
569b1f95bbe0
(Other Font Lock Variables): Document font-lock-lines-before.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2724 |
61906
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(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
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diff
changeset
|
2725 @ignore |
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(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
changeset
|
2726 @defvar font-lock-inhibit-thing-lock |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2727 List of Font Lock mode related modes that should not be turned on. |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
changeset
|
2728 Currently, valid mode names are @code{fast-lock-mode}, |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
changeset
|
2729 @code{jit-lock-mode} and @code{lazy-lock-mode}. |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
changeset
|
2730 @end defvar |
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(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2731 @end ignore |
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(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2732 |
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|
2733 @node Levels of Font Lock |
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|
2734 @subsection Levels of Font Lock |
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2735 |
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|
2736 Many major modes offer three different levels of fontification. You |
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2737 can define multiple levels by using a list of symbols for @var{keywords} |
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2738 in @code{font-lock-defaults}. Each symbol specifies one level of |
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|
2739 fontification; it is up to the user to choose one of these levels. The |
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2740 chosen level's symbol value is used to initialize |
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|
2741 @code{font-lock-keywords}. |
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|
2742 |
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|
2743 Here are the conventions for how to define the levels of |
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|
2744 fontification: |
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|
2745 |
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2746 @itemize @bullet |
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|
2747 @item |
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|
2748 Level 1: highlight function declarations, file directives (such as include or |
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|
2749 import directives), strings and comments. The idea is speed, so only |
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|
2750 the most important and top-level components are fontified. |
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2751 |
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|
2752 @item |
21682
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2753 Level 2: in addition to level 1, highlight all language keywords, |
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2754 including type names that act like keywords, as well as named constant |
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2755 values. The idea is that all keywords (either syntactic or semantic) |
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|
2756 should be fontified appropriately. |
21007
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|
2757 |
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|
2758 @item |
21682
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2759 Level 3: in addition to level 2, highlight the symbols being defined in |
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|
2760 function and variable declarations, and all builtin function names, |
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|
2761 wherever they appear. |
21007
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|
2762 @end itemize |
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|
2763 |
45684
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(Precalcuated Fontification): New node, describing `font-lock-face'.
Colin Walters <walters@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2764 @node Precalculated Fontification |
6f73f208b4ce
(Precalcuated Fontification): New node, describing `font-lock-face'.
Colin Walters <walters@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2765 @subsection Precalculated Fontification |
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(Precalcuated Fontification): New node, describing `font-lock-face'.
Colin Walters <walters@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2766 |
59942
1f6a9cf44999
(Major Mode Conventions): Mention "system abbrevs".
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2767 In addition to using @code{font-lock-defaults} for search-based |
45684
6f73f208b4ce
(Precalcuated Fontification): New node, describing `font-lock-face'.
Colin Walters <walters@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2768 fontification, you may use the special character property |
6f73f208b4ce
(Precalcuated Fontification): New node, describing `font-lock-face'.
Colin Walters <walters@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2769 @code{font-lock-face} (@pxref{Special Properties}). This property |
6f73f208b4ce
(Precalcuated Fontification): New node, describing `font-lock-face'.
Colin Walters <walters@gnu.org>
parents:
43677
diff
changeset
|
2770 acts just like the explicit @code{face} property, but its activation |
6f73f208b4ce
(Precalcuated Fontification): New node, describing `font-lock-face'.
Colin Walters <walters@gnu.org>
parents:
43677
diff
changeset
|
2771 is toggled when the user calls @kbd{M-x font-lock-mode}. Using |
52628
74d358d76ea8
(Mode Line Data): Document the :propertize construct.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
52463
diff
changeset
|
2772 @code{font-lock-face} is especially convenient for special modes |
45684
6f73f208b4ce
(Precalcuated Fontification): New node, describing `font-lock-face'.
Colin Walters <walters@gnu.org>
parents:
43677
diff
changeset
|
2773 which construct their text programmatically, such as |
6f73f208b4ce
(Precalcuated Fontification): New node, describing `font-lock-face'.
Colin Walters <walters@gnu.org>
parents:
43677
diff
changeset
|
2774 @code{list-buffers} and @code{occur}. |
6f73f208b4ce
(Precalcuated Fontification): New node, describing `font-lock-face'.
Colin Walters <walters@gnu.org>
parents:
43677
diff
changeset
|
2775 |
45714
7057566fa4c1
(Precalcuated Fontification): Note how to use `font-lock-core-only'.
Colin Walters <walters@gnu.org>
parents:
45684
diff
changeset
|
2776 If your mode does not use any of the other machinery of Font Lock |
61906
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
changeset
|
2777 (i.e. it only uses the @code{font-lock-face} property), it should not |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
changeset
|
2778 set the variable @code{font-lock-defaults}. That way, it will not |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
changeset
|
2779 cause loading of the @file{font-lock} library. |
45714
7057566fa4c1
(Precalcuated Fontification): Note how to use `font-lock-core-only'.
Colin Walters <walters@gnu.org>
parents:
45684
diff
changeset
|
2780 |
21007
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|
2781 @node Faces for Font Lock |
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|
2782 @subsection Faces for Font Lock |
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|
2783 |
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|
2784 You can make Font Lock mode use any face, but several faces are |
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|
2785 defined specifically for Font Lock mode. Each of these symbols is both |
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2786 a face name, and a variable whose default value is the symbol itself. |
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2787 Thus, the default value of @code{font-lock-comment-face} is |
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|
2788 @code{font-lock-comment-face}. This means you can write |
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|
2789 @code{font-lock-comment-face} in a context such as |
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|
2790 @code{font-lock-keywords} where a face-name-valued expression is used. |
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|
2791 |
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|
2792 @table @code |
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|
2793 @item font-lock-comment-face |
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2794 @vindex font-lock-comment-face |
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|
2795 Used (typically) for comments. |
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|
2796 |
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changeset
|
2797 @item font-lock-comment-delimiter-face |
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Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
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|
2798 @vindex font-lock-comment-delimiter-face |
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(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2799 Used (typically) for comments delimiters. |
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(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
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changeset
|
2800 |
59942
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(Major Mode Conventions): Mention "system abbrevs".
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parents:
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|
2801 @item font-lock-doc-face |
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|
2802 @vindex font-lock-doc-face |
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|
2803 Used (typically) for documentation strings in the code. |
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|
2804 |
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2805 @item font-lock-string-face |
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|
2806 @vindex font-lock-string-face |
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|
2807 Used (typically) for string constants. |
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|
2808 |
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|
2809 @item font-lock-keyword-face |
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|
2810 @vindex font-lock-keyword-face |
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|
2811 Used (typically) for keywords---names that have special syntactic |
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2812 significance, like @code{for} and @code{if} in C. |
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2813 |
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|
2814 @item font-lock-builtin-face |
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|
2815 @vindex font-lock-builtin-face |
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|
2816 Used (typically) for built-in function names. |
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|
2817 |
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|
2818 @item font-lock-function-name-face |
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|
2819 @vindex font-lock-function-name-face |
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|
2820 Used (typically) for the name of a function being defined or declared, |
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Trailing whitespace deleted.
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|
2821 in a function definition or declaration. |
21007
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2822 |
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|
2823 @item font-lock-variable-name-face |
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|
2824 @vindex font-lock-variable-name-face |
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|
2825 Used (typically) for the name of a variable being defined or declared, |
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|
2826 in a variable definition or declaration. |
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|
2827 |
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|
2828 @item font-lock-type-face |
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|
2829 @vindex font-lock-type-face |
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|
2830 Used (typically) for names of user-defined data types, |
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|
2831 where they are defined and where they are used. |
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2832 |
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|
2833 @item font-lock-constant-face |
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|
2834 @vindex font-lock-constant-face |
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2835 Used (typically) for constant names. |
66d807bdc5b4
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
17278
diff
changeset
|
2836 |
52800
d738115b4197
(Faces for Font Lock): Fix typo.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
52744
diff
changeset
|
2837 @item font-lock-preprocessor-face |
d738115b4197
(Faces for Font Lock): Fix typo.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
52744
diff
changeset
|
2838 @vindex font-lock-preprocessor-face |
51917
3039afbb0746
(Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51794
diff
changeset
|
2839 Used (typically) for preprocessor commands. |
3039afbb0746
(Major Mode Conventions): Explain about run-mode-hooks and about derived modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51794
diff
changeset
|
2840 |
21007
66d807bdc5b4
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2841 @item font-lock-warning-face |
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
17278
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|
2842 @vindex font-lock-warning-face |
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
17278
diff
changeset
|
2843 Used (typically) for constructs that are peculiar, or that greatly |
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
17278
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changeset
|
2844 change the meaning of other text. For example, this is used for |
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2845 @samp{;;;###autoload} cookies in Emacs Lisp, and for @code{#error} |
66d807bdc5b4
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2846 directives in C. |
66d807bdc5b4
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parents:
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|
2847 @end table |
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|
2848 |
21682
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|
2849 @node Syntactic Font Lock |
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|
2850 @subsection Syntactic Font Lock |
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|
2851 |
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Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
changeset
|
2852 Syntactic fontification uses the syntax table to find comments and |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
changeset
|
2853 string constants (@pxref{Syntax Tables}). It highlights them using |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
changeset
|
2854 @code{font-lock-comment-face} and @code{font-lock-string-face} |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
changeset
|
2855 (@pxref{Faces for Font Lock}). There are several variables that |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
changeset
|
2856 affect syntactic fontification; you should set them by means of |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
changeset
|
2857 @code{font-lock-defaults} (@pxref{Font Lock Basics}). |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
changeset
|
2858 |
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(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
changeset
|
2859 @defvar font-lock-keywords-only |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
changeset
|
2860 Non-@code{nil} means Font Lock should not do syntactic fontification; |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
changeset
|
2861 it should only fontify based on @code{font-lock-keywords}. The normal |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
changeset
|
2862 way for a mode to set this variable to @code{t} is with |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
changeset
|
2863 @var{keywords-only} in @code{font-lock-defaults}. |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
changeset
|
2864 @end defvar |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
changeset
|
2865 |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
changeset
|
2866 @defvar font-lock-syntax-table |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
changeset
|
2867 This variable holds the syntax table to use for fontification of |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
changeset
|
2868 comments and strings. Specify it using @var{syntax-alist} in |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
changeset
|
2869 @code{font-lock-defaults}. |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
changeset
|
2870 @end defvar |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
changeset
|
2871 |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
changeset
|
2872 @c ??? |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
changeset
|
2873 @c The docstring says that font-lock-syntax-table is semi-obsolete. |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
changeset
|
2874 @c How the alternative should be used is not clear. --lute |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
changeset
|
2875 |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
changeset
|
2876 @defvar font-lock-beginning-of-syntax-function |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
changeset
|
2877 If this variable is non-@code{nil}, it should be a function to move |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
changeset
|
2878 point back to a position that is syntactically at ``top level'' and |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
changeset
|
2879 outside of strings or comments. Font Lock uses this when necessary |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
changeset
|
2880 to get the right results for syntactic fontification. |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
changeset
|
2881 |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
changeset
|
2882 This function is called with no arguments. It should leave point at |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
changeset
|
2883 the beginning of any enclosing syntactic block. Typical values are |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
changeset
|
2884 @code{beginning-of-line} (used when the start of the line is known to |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
changeset
|
2885 be outside a syntactic block), or @code{beginning-of-defun} for |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
changeset
|
2886 programming modes, or @code{backward-paragraph} for textual modes. |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
changeset
|
2887 |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
changeset
|
2888 If the value is @code{nil}, the beginning of the buffer is used as a |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
changeset
|
2889 position outside of a syntactic block. This cannot be wrong, but it |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
changeset
|
2890 can be slow. |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
changeset
|
2891 |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
changeset
|
2892 Specify this variable using @var{syntax-begin} in |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
changeset
|
2893 @code{font-lock-defaults}. |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
changeset
|
2894 @end defvar |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
changeset
|
2895 |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
changeset
|
2896 @defvar font-lock-syntactic-face-function |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
changeset
|
2897 A function to determine which face to use for a given syntactic |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
changeset
|
2898 element (a string or a comment). The function is called with one |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
changeset
|
2899 argument, the parse state at point returned by |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
changeset
|
2900 @code{parse-partial-sexp}, and should return a face. The default |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
changeset
|
2901 value returns @code{font-lock-comment-face} for comments and |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
changeset
|
2902 @code{font-lock-string-face} for strings. |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
changeset
|
2903 |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
changeset
|
2904 This can be used to highlighting different kinds of strings or |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
changeset
|
2905 comments differently. It is also sometimes abused together with |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
changeset
|
2906 @code{font-lock-syntactic-keywords} to highlight elements that span |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
changeset
|
2907 multiple lines, but this is too obscure to document in this manual. |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
changeset
|
2908 |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
changeset
|
2909 Specify this variable using @var{other-vars} in |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
changeset
|
2910 @code{font-lock-defaults}. |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
changeset
|
2911 @end defvar |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
changeset
|
2912 |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
changeset
|
2913 @node Setting Syntax Properties |
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(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
changeset
|
2914 @subsection Setting Syntax Properties |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
changeset
|
2915 |
21682
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parents:
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changeset
|
2916 Font Lock mode can be used to update @code{syntax-table} properties |
61906
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
changeset
|
2917 automatically (@pxref{Syntax Properties}). This is useful in |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
changeset
|
2918 languages for which a single syntax table by itself is not sufficient. |
21682
90da2489c498
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
21007
diff
changeset
|
2919 |
90da2489c498
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
21007
diff
changeset
|
2920 @defvar font-lock-syntactic-keywords |
61906
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
changeset
|
2921 This variable enables and controls updating @code{syntax-table} |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
changeset
|
2922 properties by Font Lock. Its value should be a list of elements of |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
changeset
|
2923 this form: |
21682
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changeset
|
2924 |
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2925 @example |
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
2926 (@var{matcher} @var{subexp} @var{syntax} @var{override} @var{laxmatch}) |
90da2489c498
*** empty log message ***
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parents:
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diff
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|
2927 @end example |
90da2489c498
*** empty log message ***
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2928 |
90da2489c498
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parents:
21007
diff
changeset
|
2929 The parts of this element have the same meanings as in the corresponding |
90da2489c498
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
21007
diff
changeset
|
2930 sort of element of @code{font-lock-keywords}, |
90da2489c498
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2931 |
90da2489c498
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2932 @example |
61906
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
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|
2933 (@var{matcher} @var{subexp} @var{facespec} @var{override} @var{laxmatch}) |
21682
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|
2934 @end example |
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parents:
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|
2935 |
61906
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Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
changeset
|
2936 However, instead of specifying the value @var{facespec} to use for the |
50693
17c60796aa6a
(font-lock-syntactic-keywords): Fix/expand description.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
49600
diff
changeset
|
2937 @code{face} property, it specifies the value @var{syntax} to use for |
17c60796aa6a
(font-lock-syntactic-keywords): Fix/expand description.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
49600
diff
changeset
|
2938 the @code{syntax-table} property. Here, @var{syntax} can be a string |
17c60796aa6a
(font-lock-syntactic-keywords): Fix/expand description.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
49600
diff
changeset
|
2939 (as taken by @code{modify-syntax-entry}), a syntax table, a cons cell |
17c60796aa6a
(font-lock-syntactic-keywords): Fix/expand description.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
49600
diff
changeset
|
2940 (as returned by @code{string-to-syntax}), or an expression whose value |
17c60796aa6a
(font-lock-syntactic-keywords): Fix/expand description.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
49600
diff
changeset
|
2941 is one of those two types. @var{override} cannot be @code{prepend} or |
17c60796aa6a
(font-lock-syntactic-keywords): Fix/expand description.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
49600
diff
changeset
|
2942 @code{append}. |
17c60796aa6a
(font-lock-syntactic-keywords): Fix/expand description.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
49600
diff
changeset
|
2943 |
17c60796aa6a
(font-lock-syntactic-keywords): Fix/expand description.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
49600
diff
changeset
|
2944 For example, an element of the form: |
17c60796aa6a
(font-lock-syntactic-keywords): Fix/expand description.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
49600
diff
changeset
|
2945 |
17c60796aa6a
(font-lock-syntactic-keywords): Fix/expand description.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
49600
diff
changeset
|
2946 @example |
17c60796aa6a
(font-lock-syntactic-keywords): Fix/expand description.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
49600
diff
changeset
|
2947 ("\\$\\(#\\)" 1 ".") |
17c60796aa6a
(font-lock-syntactic-keywords): Fix/expand description.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
49600
diff
changeset
|
2948 @end example |
17c60796aa6a
(font-lock-syntactic-keywords): Fix/expand description.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
49600
diff
changeset
|
2949 |
17c60796aa6a
(font-lock-syntactic-keywords): Fix/expand description.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
49600
diff
changeset
|
2950 highlights syntactically a hash character when following a dollar |
17c60796aa6a
(font-lock-syntactic-keywords): Fix/expand description.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
49600
diff
changeset
|
2951 character, with a SYNTAX of @code{"."} (meaning punctuation syntax). |
17c60796aa6a
(font-lock-syntactic-keywords): Fix/expand description.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
49600
diff
changeset
|
2952 Assuming that the buffer syntax table specifies hash characters to |
17c60796aa6a
(font-lock-syntactic-keywords): Fix/expand description.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
49600
diff
changeset
|
2953 have comment start syntax, the element will only highlight hash |
17c60796aa6a
(font-lock-syntactic-keywords): Fix/expand description.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
49600
diff
changeset
|
2954 characters that do not follow dollar characters as comments |
17c60796aa6a
(font-lock-syntactic-keywords): Fix/expand description.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
49600
diff
changeset
|
2955 syntactically. |
17c60796aa6a
(font-lock-syntactic-keywords): Fix/expand description.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
49600
diff
changeset
|
2956 |
17c60796aa6a
(font-lock-syntactic-keywords): Fix/expand description.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
49600
diff
changeset
|
2957 An element of the form: |
17c60796aa6a
(font-lock-syntactic-keywords): Fix/expand description.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
49600
diff
changeset
|
2958 |
17c60796aa6a
(font-lock-syntactic-keywords): Fix/expand description.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
49600
diff
changeset
|
2959 @example |
17c60796aa6a
(font-lock-syntactic-keywords): Fix/expand description.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
49600
diff
changeset
|
2960 ("\\('\\).\\('\\)" |
17c60796aa6a
(font-lock-syntactic-keywords): Fix/expand description.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
49600
diff
changeset
|
2961 (1 "\"") |
17c60796aa6a
(font-lock-syntactic-keywords): Fix/expand description.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
49600
diff
changeset
|
2962 (2 "\"")) |
17c60796aa6a
(font-lock-syntactic-keywords): Fix/expand description.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
49600
diff
changeset
|
2963 @end example |
17c60796aa6a
(font-lock-syntactic-keywords): Fix/expand description.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
49600
diff
changeset
|
2964 |
17c60796aa6a
(font-lock-syntactic-keywords): Fix/expand description.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
49600
diff
changeset
|
2965 highlights syntactically both single quotes which surround a single |
17c60796aa6a
(font-lock-syntactic-keywords): Fix/expand description.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
49600
diff
changeset
|
2966 character, with a SYNTAX of @code{"\""} (meaning string quote syntax). |
17c60796aa6a
(font-lock-syntactic-keywords): Fix/expand description.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
49600
diff
changeset
|
2967 Assuming that the buffer syntax table does not specify single quotes |
17c60796aa6a
(font-lock-syntactic-keywords): Fix/expand description.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
49600
diff
changeset
|
2968 to have quote syntax, the element will only highlight single quotes of |
17c60796aa6a
(font-lock-syntactic-keywords): Fix/expand description.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
49600
diff
changeset
|
2969 the form @samp{'@var{c}'} as strings syntactically. Other forms, such |
17c60796aa6a
(font-lock-syntactic-keywords): Fix/expand description.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
49600
diff
changeset
|
2970 as @samp{foo'bar} or @samp{'fubar'}, will not be highlighted as |
17c60796aa6a
(font-lock-syntactic-keywords): Fix/expand description.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
49600
diff
changeset
|
2971 strings. |
17c60796aa6a
(font-lock-syntactic-keywords): Fix/expand description.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
49600
diff
changeset
|
2972 |
61906
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
changeset
|
2973 Major modes normally set this variable with @var{other-vars} in |
1210b12b4089
(Defining Minor Modes): Fix previous change.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
61853
diff
changeset
|
2974 @code{font-lock-defaults}. |
21682
90da2489c498
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
21007
diff
changeset
|
2975 @end defvar |
90da2489c498
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
21007
diff
changeset
|
2976 |
55414 | 2977 @node Desktop Save Mode |
2978 @section Desktop Save Mode | |
2979 @cindex desktop save mode | |
2980 | |
2981 @dfn{Desktop Save Mode} is a feature to save the state of Emacs from | |
2982 one session to another. The user-level commands for using Desktop | |
2983 Save Mode are described in the GNU Emacs Manual (@pxref{Saving Emacs | |
2984 Sessions,,, emacs, the GNU Emacs Manual}). Modes whose buffers visit | |
2985 a file, don't have to do anything to use this feature. | |
2986 | |
2987 For buffers not visiting a file to have their state saved, the major | |
2988 mode must bind the buffer local variable @code{desktop-save-buffer} to | |
57213
3497eca006fe
Various minor changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents:
56768
diff
changeset
|
2989 a non-@code{nil} value. |
55414 | 2990 |
2991 @defvar desktop-save-buffer | |
2992 If this buffer-local variable is non-@code{nil}, the buffer will have | |
2993 its state saved in the desktop file at desktop save. If the value is | |
2994 a function, it is called at desktop save with argument | |
2995 @var{desktop-dirname}, and its value is saved in the desktop file along | |
2996 with the state of the buffer for which it was called. When file names | |
2997 are returned as part of the auxiliary information, they should be | |
2998 formatted using the call | |
2999 | |
3000 @example | |
3001 (desktop-file-name @var{file-name} @var{desktop-dirname}) | |
3002 @end example | |
3003 | |
3004 @end defvar | |
3005 | |
3006 For buffers not visiting a file to be restored, the major mode must | |
3007 define a function to do the job, and that function must be listed in | |
3008 the alist @code{desktop-buffer-mode-handlers}. | |
3009 | |
3010 @defvar desktop-buffer-mode-handlers | |
3011 Alist with elements | |
3012 | |
3013 @example | |
3014 (@var{major-mode} . @var{restore-buffer-function}) | |
3015 @end example | |
3016 | |
3017 The function @var{restore-buffer-function} will be called with | |
3018 argument list | |
3019 | |
3020 @example | |
3021 (@var{buffer-file-name} @var{buffer-name} @var{desktop-buffer-misc}) | |
3022 @end example | |
3023 | |
3024 and it should return the restored buffer. | |
3025 Here @var{desktop-buffer-misc} is the value returned by the function | |
3026 optionally bound to @code{desktop-save-buffer}. | |
3027 @end defvar | |
3028 | |
52401 | 3029 @ignore |
3030 arch-tag: 4c7bff41-36e6-4da6-9e7f-9b9289e27c8e | |
3031 @end ignore |