Mercurial > emacs
changeset 84155:092e0ef56d7d
Move to ../doc/emacs/, misc/
author | Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org> |
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date | Thu, 06 Sep 2007 04:36:32 +0000 |
parents | b1b8da4e0ccd |
children | 7bf75f354de1 |
files | man/flymake.texi |
diffstat | 1 files changed, 0 insertions(+), 762 deletions(-) [+] |
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--- a/man/flymake.texi Thu Sep 06 04:36:26 2007 +0000 +++ /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000 @@ -1,762 +0,0 @@ -\input texinfo @c -*-texinfo-*- -@comment %**start of header -@setfilename ../info/flymake -@set VERSION 0.3 -@set UPDATED April 2004 -@settitle GNU Flymake @value{VERSION} -@syncodeindex pg cp -@comment %**end of header - -@copying -This manual is for GNU Flymake (version @value{VERSION}, @value{UPDATED}), -which is a universal on-the-fly syntax checker for GNU Emacs. - -Copyright @copyright{} 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. - -@quotation -Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document -under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or -any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no -Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover texts being ``A GNU Manual,'' -and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the license -is included in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation License'' -in the Emacs manual. - -(a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: ``You have freedom to copy and modify -this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Copies published by the Free -Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development.'' - -This document is part of a collection distributed under the GNU Free -Documentation License. If you want to distribute this document -separately from the collection, you can do so by adding a copy of the -license to the document, as described in section 6 of the license. -@end quotation -@end copying - -@dircategory Emacs -@direntry -* Flymake: (flymake). A universal on-the-fly syntax checker. -@end direntry - -@titlepage -@title GNU Flymake -@subtitle for version @value{VERSION}, @value{UPDATED} -@author Pavel Kobiakov(@email{pk_at_work@@yahoo.com}) -@page -@vskip 0pt plus 1filll -@insertcopying -@end titlepage - -@contents - -@ifnottex -@node Top -@top GNU Flymake -@end ifnottex - -@menu -* Overview of Flymake:: -* Installing Flymake:: -* Using Flymake:: -* Configuring Flymake:: -* Flymake Implementation:: -* GNU Free Documentation License:: -* Index:: -@end menu - -@node Overview of Flymake -@chapter Overview -@cindex Overview of Flymake - -Flymake is a universal on-the-fly syntax checker implemented as an -Emacs minor mode. Flymake runs the pre-configured syntax check tool -(compiler for C++ files, @code{perl} for perl files, etc.) in the -background, passing it a temporary copy of the current buffer, and -parses the output for known error/warning message patterns. Flymake -then highlights erroneous lines (i.e. lines for which at least one -error or warning has been reported by the syntax check tool), and -displays an overall buffer status in the mode line. Status information -displayed by Flymake contains total number of errors and warnings -reported for the buffer during the last syntax check. - -@code{flymake-goto-next-error} and @code{flymake-goto-prev-error} -functions allow for easy navigation to the next/previous erroneous -line, respectively. - -Calling @code{flymake-display-err-menu-for-current-line} will popup a -menu containing error messages reported by the syntax check tool for -the current line. Errors/warnings belonging to another file, such as a -@code{.h} header file included by a @code{.c} file, are shown in the -current buffer as belonging to the first line. Menu items for such -messages also contain a filename and a line number. Selecting such a -menu item will automatically open the file and jump to the line with -error. - -Syntax check is done 'on-the-fly'. It is started whenever - -@itemize @bullet -@item buffer is loaded -@item a newline character is added to the buffer -@item some changes were made to the buffer more than @code{0.5} seconds ago (the -delay is configurable). -@end itemize - -Flymake is a universal syntax checker in the sense that it's easily -extended to support new syntax check tools and error message -patterns. @xref{Configuring Flymake}. - -@node Installing Flymake -@chapter Installing -@cindex Installing Flymake - - -Flymake is packaged in a single file, @code{flymake.el}. - -To install/update Flymake, place @code{flymake.el} to a directory -somewhere on Emacs load path. You might also want to byte-compile -@code{flymake.el} to improve performance. - -Also, place the following line in the @code{.emacs} file. - -@lisp -(require 'flymake) -@end lisp - -You might also map the most frequently used Flymake functions, such as -@code{flymake-goto-next-error}, to some keyboard shortcuts: - -@lisp -(global-set-key [f3] 'flymake-display-err-menu-for-current-line) -(global-set-key [f4] 'flymake-goto-next-error) -@end lisp - -@node Using Flymake -@chapter Using Flymake -@cindex Using Flymake - -@menu -* Flymake mode:: -* Running the syntax check:: -* Navigating to error lines:: -* Viewing error messages:: -* Syntax check statuses:: -* Troubleshooting:: -@end menu - -@node Flymake mode -@section Flymake mode -@cindex flymake-mode - -Flymake is an Emacs minor mode. To use Flymake, you -must first activate @code{flymake-mode} by using the -@code{flymake-mode} function. - -Instead of manually activating @code{flymake-mode}, you can configure -Flymake to automatically enable @code{flymake-mode} upon opening any -file for which syntax check is possible. To do so, place the following -line in @code{.emacs}: - -@lisp -(add-hook 'find-file-hook 'flymake-find-file-hook) -@end lisp - -@node Running the syntax check -@section Running the syntax check -@cindex Manually starting the syntax check - -When @code{flymake-mode} is active, syntax check is started -automatically on any of the three conditions mentioned above. Syntax -check can also be started manually by using the -@code{flymake-start-syntax-check-for-current-buffer} function. This -can be used, for example, when changes were made to some other buffer -affecting the current buffer. - -@node Navigating to error lines -@section Navigating to error lines -@cindex Navigating to error lines - -After syntax check is completed, lines for which at least one error or -warning has been reported are highlighted, and total number of errors -and warning is shown in the mode line. Use the following functions to -navigate the highlighted lines. - -@multitable @columnfractions 0.25 0.75 - -@item @code{flymake-goto-next-error} -@tab Moves point to the next erroneous line, if any. - -@item @code{flymake-goto-prev-error} -@tab Moves point to the previous erroneous line. - -@end multitable - -These functions treat erroneous lines as a linked list. Therefore, -@code{flymake-goto-next-error} will go to the first erroneous line -when invoked in the end of the buffer. - -@node Viewing error messages -@section Viewing error messages -@cindex Viewing error messages - -To view error messages belonging to the current line, use the -@code{flymake-display-err-menu-for-current-line} function. If there's -at least one error or warning reported for the current line, this -function will display a popup menu with error/warning texts. -Selecting the menu item whose error belongs to another file brings -forward that file with the help of the -@code{flymake-goto-file-and-line} function. - -@node Syntax check statuses -@section Syntax check statuses -@cindex Syntax check statuses - -After syntax check is finished, its status is displayed in the mode line. -The following statuses are defined. - -@multitable @columnfractions 0.25 0.75 -@item Flymake* or Flymake:E/W* -@tab Flymake is currently running. For the second case, E/W contains the - error and warning count for the previous run. - -@item Flymake -@tab Syntax check is not running. Usually this means syntax check was - successfully passed (no errors, no warnings). Other possibilities are: - syntax check was killed as a result of executing - @code{flymake-compile}, or syntax check cannot start as compilation - is currently in progress. - -@item Flymake:E/W -@tab Number of errors/warnings found by the syntax check process. - -@item Flymake:! -@tab Flymake was unable to find master file for the current buffer. -@end multitable - -The following errors cause a warning message and switch flymake mode -OFF for the buffer. - -@multitable @columnfractions 0.25 0.75 -@item CFGERR -@tab Syntax check process returned nonzero exit code, but no - errors/warnings were reported. This indicates a possible configuration - error (for example, no suitable error message patterns for the - syntax check tool). - -@item NOMASTER -@tab Flymake was unable to find master file for the current buffer. - -@item NOMK -@tab Flymake was unable to find a suitable buildfile for the current buffer. - -@item PROCERR -@tab Flymake was unable to launch a syntax check process. -@end multitable - - -@node Troubleshooting -@section Troubleshooting -@cindex Logging -@cindex Troubleshooting - -Flymake uses a simple logging facility for indicating important points -in the control flow. The logging facility sends logging messages to -the @code{*Messages*} buffer. The information logged can be used for -resolving various problems related to Flymake. - -Logging output is controlled by the @code{flymake-log-level} -variable. @code{3} is the most verbose level, and @code{-1} switches -logging off. - -@node Configuring Flymake -@chapter Configuring and Extending Flymake -@cindex Configuring and Extending Flymake - -@menu -* Customizable variables:: -* Adding support for a new syntax check tool:: -@end menu - -Flymake was designed to be easily extended for supporting new syntax -check tools and error message patterns. - -@node Customizable variables -@section Customizable variables -@cindex Customizable variables - -This section summarizes variables used for Flymake -configuration. - -@table @code -@item flymake-log-level -Controls logging output, see @ref{Troubleshooting}. - -@item flymake-allowed-file-name-masks -A list of @code{(filename-regexp, init-function, cleanup-function -getfname-function)} for configuring syntax check tools. @xref{Adding -support for a new syntax check tool}. - -@item flymake-buildfile-dirs -A list of directories (relative paths) for searching a -buildfile. @xref{Locating the buildfile}. - -@item flymake-master-file-dirs -A list of directories for searching a master file. @xref{Locating a -master file}. - -@item flymake-get-project-include-dirs-function -A function used for obtaining a list of project include dirs (C/C++ -specific). @xref{Getting the include directories}. - -@item flymake-master-file-count-limit -@itemx flymake-check-file-limit -Used when looking for a master file. @xref{Locating a master file}. - -@item flymake-err-line-patterns -Patterns for error/warning messages in the form @code{(regexp file-idx -line-idx err-text-idx)}. @xref{Parsing the output}. - -@item flymake-compilation-prevents-syntax-check -A flag indicating whether compilation and syntax check of the same -file cannot be run simultaneously. - -@item flymake-no-changes-timeout -If any changes are made to the buffer, syntax check is automatically -started after @code{flymake-no-changes-timeout} seconds. - -@item flymake-gui-warnings-enabled -A boolean flag indicating whether Flymake will show message boxes for -non-recoverable errors. If @code{flymake-gui-warnings-enabled} is -@code{nil}, these errors will only be logged to the @code{*Messages*} -buffer. - -@item flymake-start-syntax-check-on-newline -A boolean flag indicating whether to start syntax check after a -newline character is added to the buffer. - -@item flymake-errline-face -A custom face for highlighting lines for which at least one error has -been reported. - -@item flymake-warnline-face -A custom face for highlighting lines for which at least one warning -and no errors have been reported. - -@end table - -@node Adding support for a new syntax check tool -@section Adding support for a new syntax check tool -@cindex Adding support for a new syntax check tool - -@menu -* Example -- Configuring a tool called directly:: -* Example -- Configuring a tool called via make:: -@end menu - -Syntax check tools are configured using the -@code{flymake-allowed-file-name-masks} list. Each item of this list -has the following format: - -@lisp -(filename-regexp, init-function, cleanup-function, getfname-function) -@end lisp - -@table @code -@item filename-regexp -This field is used as a key for locating init/cleanup/getfname -functions for the buffer. Items in -@code{flymake-allowed-file-name-masks} are searched sequentially. The -first item with @code{filename-regexp} matching buffer filename is -selected. If no match is found, @code{flymake-mode} is switched off. - -@item init-function -@code{init-function} is required to initialize the syntax check, -usually by creating a temporary copy of the buffer contents. The -function must return @code{(list cmd-name arg-list)}. If -@code{init-function} returns null, syntax check is aborted, by -@code{flymake-mode} is not switched off. - -@item cleanup-function -@code{cleanup-function} is called after the syntax check process is -complete and should take care of proper deinitialization, which is -usually deleting a temporary copy created by the @code{init-function}. - -@item getfname-function -This function is used for translating filenames reported by the syntax -check tool into ``real'' filenames. Filenames reported by the tool -will be different from the real ones, as actually the tool works with -the temporary copy. In most cases, the default implementation -provided by Flymake, @code{flymake-get-real-file-name}, can be used as -@code{getfname-function}. - -@end table - -To add support for a new syntax check tool, write corresponding -@code{init-function}, and, optionally @code{cleanup-function} and -@code{getfname-function}. If the format of error messages reported by -the new tool is not yet supported by Flymake, add a new entry to -the @code{flymake-err-line-patterns} list. - -The following sections contain some examples of configuring Flymake -support for various syntax check tools. - -@node Example -- Configuring a tool called directly -@subsection Example -- Configuring a tool called directly -@cindex Adding support for perl - -In this example, we will add support for @code{perl} as a syntax check -tool. @code{perl} supports the @code{-c} option which does syntax -checking. - -First, we write the @code{init-function}: - -@lisp -(defun flymake-perl-init (buffer) - (let* ((temp-file (flymake-init-create-temp-buffer-copy - buffer 'flymake-create-temp-inplace)) - (local-file (concat (flymake-build-relative-filename - (file-name-directory - (buffer-file-name - (current-buffer))) - (file-name-directory temp-file)) - (file-name-nondirectory temp-file)))) - (list "perl" (list "-wc " local-file)))) -@end lisp - -@code{flymake-perl-init} creates a temporary copy of the buffer -contents with the help of -@code{flymake-init-create-temp-buffer-copy}, and builds an appropriate -command line. - -Next, we add a new entry to the -@code{flymake-allowed-file-name-masks}: - -@lisp -(setq flymake-allowed-file-name-masks - (cons '(".+\\.pl$" - flymake-perl-init - flymake-simple-cleanup - flymake-get-real-file-name) - flymake-allowed-file-name-masks)) -@end lisp - -Note that we use standard @code{cleanup-function} and -@code{getfname-function}. - -Finally, we add an entry to @code{flymake-err-line-patterns}: - -@lisp -(setq flymake-err-line-patterns - (cons '("\\(.*\\) at \\([^ \n]+\\) line \\([0-9]+\\)[,.\n]" - 2 3 nil 1) - flymake-err-line-patterns)) -@end lisp - -@node Example -- Configuring a tool called via make -@subsection Example -- Configuring a tool called via make -@cindex Adding support for C (gcc+make) - -In this example we will add support for C files syntax checked by -@code{gcc} called via @code{make}. - -We're not required to write any new functions, as Flymake already has -functions for @code{make}. We just add a new entry to the -@code{flymake-allowed-file-name-masks}: - -@lisp -(setq flymake-allowed-file-name-masks - (cons '(".+\\.c$" - flymake-simple-make-init - flymake-simple-cleanup - flymake-get-real-file-name) - flymake-allowed-file-name-masks)) -@end lisp - -@code{flymake-simple-make-init} builds the following @code{make} -command line: - -@lisp -(list "make" - (list "-s" "-C" - base-dir - (concat "CHK_SOURCES=" source) - "SYNTAX_CHECK_MODE=1" - "check-syntax")) -@end lisp - -@code{base-dir} is a directory containing @code{Makefile}, see @ref{Locating the buildfile}. - -Thus, @code{Makefile} must contain the @code{check-syntax} target. In -our case this target might look like this: - -@verbatim -check-syntax: - gcc -o nul -S ${CHK_SOURCES} -@end verbatim - -The format of error messages reported by @code{gcc} is already -supported by Flymake, so we don't have to add a new entry to -@code{flymake-err-line-patterns}. - -@node Flymake Implementation -@chapter Flymake Implementation -@cindex Implementation details - -@menu -* Determining whether syntax check is possible:: -* Making a temporary copy:: -* Locating a master file:: -* Getting the include directories:: -* Locating the buildfile:: -* Starting the syntax check process:: -* Parsing the output:: -* Highlighting erroneous lines:: -* Interaction with other modes:: -@end menu - -Syntax check is started by calling @code{flymake-start-syntax-check-for-current-buffer}. -Flymake first determines whether it is able to do syntax -check. It then saves a copy of the buffer in a temporary file in the -buffer's directory (or in the system temp directory -- for java -files), creates a syntax check command and launches a process with -this command. The output is parsed using a list of error message patterns, -and error information (file name, line number, type and text) is -saved. After the process has finished, Flymake highlights erroneous -lines in the buffer using the accumulated error information. - -@node Determining whether syntax check is possible -@section Determining whether syntax check is possible -@cindex Syntax check models -@cindex Master file - -Syntax check is considered possible if there's an entry in -@code{flymake-allowed-file-name-masks} matching buffer's filename and -its @code{init-function} returns non-@code{nil} value. - -Two syntax check modes are distinguished: - -@enumerate - -@item -Buffer can be syntax checked in a standalone fashion, that is, the -file (its temporary copy, in fact) can be passed over to the compiler to -do the syntax check. Examples are C/C++ (.c, .cpp) and Java (.java) -sources. - -@item -Buffer can be syntax checked, but additional file, called master file, -is required to perform this operation. A master file is a file that -includes the current file, so that running a syntax check tool on it -will also check syntax in the current file. Examples are C/C++ (.h, -.hpp) headers. - -@end enumerate - -These modes are handled inside init/cleanup/getfname functions, see -@ref{Adding support for a new syntax check tool}. - -Flymake contains implementations of all functionality required to -support different syntax check modes described above (making -temporary copies, finding master files, etc.), as well as some -tool-specific (routines for @code{make}, @code{Ant}, etc.) code. - - -@node Making a temporary copy -@section Making a temporary copy -@cindex Temporary copy of the buffer -@cindex Master file - -After the possibility of the syntax check has been determined, a -temporary copy of the current buffer is made so that the most recent -unsaved changes could be seen by the syntax check tool. Making a copy -is quite straightforward in a standalone case (mode @code{1}), as it's -just saving buffer contents to a temporary file. - -Things get trickier, however, when master file is involved, as it -requires to - -@itemize @bullet -@item locate a master file -@item patch it to include the current file using its new (temporary) -name. -@end itemize - -Locating a master file is discussed in the following section. - -Patching just changes all appropriate lines of the master file so that they -use the new (temporary) name of the current file. For example, suppose current -file name is @code{file.h}, the master file is @code{file.cpp}, and -it includes current file via @code{#include "file.h"}. Current file's copy -is saved to file @code{file_flymake.h}, so the include line must be -changed to @code{#include "file_flymake.h"}. Finally, patched master file -is saved to @code{file_flymake_master.cpp}, and the last one is passed to -the syntax check tool. - -@node Locating a master file -@section Locating a master file -@cindex Master file - -Master file is located in two steps. - -First, a list of possible master files is built. A simple name -matching is used to find the files. For a C++ header @code{file.h}, -Flymake searches for all @code{.cpp} files in the directories whose relative paths are -stored in a customizable variable @code{flymake-master-file-dirs}, which -usually contains something like @code{("." "./src")}. No more than -@code{flymake-master-file-count-limit} entries is added to the master file -list. The list is then sorted to move files with names @code{file.cpp} to -the top. - -Next, each master file in a list is checked to contain the appropriate -include directives. No more than @code{flymake-check-file-limit} of each -file are parsed. - -For @code{file.h}, the include directives to look for are -@code{#include "file.h"}, @code{#include "../file.h"}, etc. Each -include is checked against a list of include directories -(see @ref{Getting the include directories}) to be sure it points to the -correct @code{file.h}. - -First matching master file found stops the search. The master file is then -patched and saved to disk. In case no master file is found, syntax check is -aborted, and corresponding status (!) is reported in the mode line. - -@node Getting the include directories -@section Getting the include directories -@cindex Include directories (C/C++ specific) - -Two sets of include directories are distinguished: system include directories -and project include directories. The former is just the contents of the -@code{INCLUDE} environment variable. The latter is not so easy to obtain, -and the way it can be obtained can vary greatly for different projects. -Therefore, a customizable variable -@code{flymake-get-project-include-dirs-function} is used to provide the -way to implement the desired behavior. - -The default implementation, @code{flymake-get-project-include-dirs-imp}, -uses a @code{make} call. This requires a correct base directory, that is, a -directory containing a correct @code{Makefile}, to be determined. - -As obtaining the project include directories might be a costly operation, its -return value is cached in the hash table. The cache is cleared in the beginning -of every syntax check attempt. - -@node Locating the buildfile -@section Locating the buildfile -@cindex Locating the buildfile -@cindex buildfile, locating -@cindex Makefile, locating - -Flymake can be configured to use different tools for performing syntax -checks. For example, it can use direct compiler call to syntax check a perl -script or a call to @code{make} for a more complicated case of a -@code{C/C++} source. The general idea is that simple files, like perl -scripts and html pages, can be checked by directly invoking a -corresponding tool. Files that are usually more complex and generally -used as part of larger projects, might require non-trivial options to -be passed to the syntax check tool, like include directories for -C++. The latter files are syntax checked using some build tool, like -@code{make} or @code{Ant}. - -All @code{make} configuration data is usually stored in a file called -@code{Makefile}. To allow for future extensions, flymake uses a notion of -buildfile to reference the 'project configuration' file. - -Special function, @code{flymake-find-buildfile} is provided for locating buildfiles. -Searching for a buildfile is done in a manner similar to that of searching -for possible master files. A customizable variable -@code{flymake-buildfile-dirs} holds a list of relative paths to the -buildfile. They are checked sequentially until a buildfile is found. In case -there's no build file, syntax check is aborted. - -Buildfile values are also cached. - -@node Starting the syntax check process -@section Starting the syntax check process -@cindex Syntax check process - -The command line (command name and the list of arguments) for launching a process is returned by the -initialization function. Flymake then just calls @code{start-process} -to start an asynchronous process and configures process filter and -sentinel which is used for processing the output of the syntax check -tool. - -@node Parsing the output -@section Parsing the output -@cindex Parsing the output - -The output generated by the syntax check tool is parsed in the process -filter/sentinel using the error message patterns stored in the -@code{flymake-err-line-patterns} variable. This variable contains a -list of items of the form @code{(regexp file-idx line-idx -err-text-idx)}, used to determine whether a particular line is an -error message and extract file name, line number and error text, -respectively. Error type (error/warning) is also guessed by matching -error text with the '@code{^[wW]arning}' pattern. Anything that was not -classified as a warning is considered an error. Type is then used to -sort error menu items, which shows error messages first. - -Flymake is also able to interpret error message patterns missing err-text-idx -information. This is done by merely taking the rest of the matched line -(@code{(substring line (match-end 0))}) as error text. This trick allows -to make use of a huge collection of error message line patterns from -@code{compile.el}. All these error patterns are appended to -the end of @code{flymake-err-line-patterns}. - -The error information obtained is saved in a buffer local -variable. The buffer for which the process output belongs is -determined from the process-id@w{}->@w{}buffer mapping updated -after every process launch/exit. - -@node Highlighting erroneous lines -@section Highlighting erroneous lines -@cindex Erroneous lines, faces - -Highlighting is implemented with overlays and happens in the process -sentinel, after calling the cleanup function. Two customizable faces -are used: @code{flymake-errline-face} and -@code{flymake-warnline-face}. Errors belonging outside the current -buffer are considered to belong to line 1 of the current buffer. - -@node Interaction with other modes -@section Interaction with other modes -@cindex Interaction with other modes -@cindex Interaction with compile mode - -The only mode flymake currently knows about is @code{compile}. - -Flymake can be configured to not start syntax check if it thinks the -compilation is in progress. The check is made by the -@code{flymake-compilation-is-running}, which tests the -@code{compilation-in-progress} variable. The reason why this might be -useful is saving CPU time in case both syntax check and compilation -are very CPU intensive. The original reason for adding this feature, -though, was working around a locking problem with MS Visual C++ compiler. - -Flymake also provides an alternative command for starting compilation, -@code{flymake-compile}: - -@lisp -(defun flymake-compile () - "Kill all flymake syntax checks then start compilation." - (interactive) - (flymake-stop-all-syntax-checks) - (call-interactively 'compile)) -@end lisp - -It just kills all the active syntax check processes before calling -@code{compile}. - -@node GNU Free Documentation License -@appendix GNU Free Documentation License -@include doclicense.texi - -@node Index -@unnumbered Index - -@printindex cp - -@bye - -@ignore - arch-tag: 9f0db077-5598-49ab-90b9-8df9248a63ec -@end ignore