Mercurial > emacs

--- a/man/windows.texi	Thu Sep 06 04:41:51 2007 +0000
+++ /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
@@ -1,387 +0,0 @@
-@c This is part of the Emacs manual.
-@c Copyright (C) 1985, 1986, 1987, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1997, 2000, 2001,
-@c   2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-@c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions.
-@node Windows, Frames, Buffers, Top
-@chapter Multiple Windows
-@cindex windows in Emacs
-@cindex multiple windows in Emacs
-
-  Emacs can split a frame into two or many windows.  Multiple windows
-can display parts of different buffers, or different parts of one
-buffer.  Multiple frames always imply multiple windows, because each
-frame has its own set of windows.  Each window belongs to one and only
-one frame.
-
-@menu
-* Basic Window::        Introduction to Emacs windows.
-* Split Window::        New windows are made by splitting existing windows.
-* Other Window::        Moving to another window or doing something to it.
-* Pop Up Window::       Finding a file or buffer in another window.
-* Force Same Window::   Forcing certain buffers to appear in the selected
-                          window rather than in another window.
-* Change Window::       Deleting windows and changing their sizes.
-* Window Convenience::  Convenience functions for window handling.
-@end menu
-
-@node Basic Window
-@section Concepts of Emacs Windows
-
-  Each Emacs window displays one Emacs buffer at any time.  A single
-buffer may appear in more than one window; if it does, any changes in
-its text are displayed in all the windows where it appears.  But these
-windows can show different parts of the buffer, because each window
-has its own value of point.
-
-@cindex selected window
-  At any time, one Emacs window is the @dfn{selected window}; the
-buffer this window is displaying is the current buffer.  The terminal's
-cursor shows the location of point in this window.  Each other window
-has a location of point as well.  On text-only terminals, there is no
-way to show where those locations are, since the terminal has only one
-cursor.  On a graphical display, the location of point in a
-non-selected window is indicated by a hollow box; the cursor in the
-selected window is blinking or solid.
-
-  Commands to move point affect the value of point for the selected Emacs
-window only.  They do not change the value of point in other Emacs
-windows, even those showing the same buffer.  The same is true for commands
-such as @kbd{C-x b} to switch buffers in the selected window;
-they do not affect other windows at all.  However, there are other commands
-such as @kbd{C-x 4 b} that select a different window and switch buffers in
-it.  Also, all commands that display information in a window, including
-(for example) @kbd{C-h f} (@code{describe-function}) and @kbd{C-x C-b}
-(@code{list-buffers}), work by switching buffers in a nonselected window
-without affecting the selected window.
-
-  When multiple windows show the same buffer, they can have different
-regions, because they can have different values of point.  However,
-they all have the same value for the mark, because each buffer has
-only one mark position.
-
-  Each window has its own mode line, which displays the buffer name,
-modification status and major and minor modes of the buffer that is
-displayed in the window.  The selected window's mode line appears in a
-different color.  @xref{Mode Line}, for full details on the mode line.
-
-@node Split Window
-@section Splitting Windows
-
-@table @kbd
-@item C-x 2
-Split the selected window into two windows, one above the other
-(@code{split-window-vertically}).
-@item C-x 3
-Split the selected window into two windows positioned side by side
-(@code{split-window-horizontally}).
-@item C-Mouse-2
-In the mode line or scroll bar of a window, split that window.
-@end table
-
-@kindex C-x 2
-@findex split-window-vertically
-  The command @kbd{C-x 2} (@code{split-window-vertically}) breaks the
-selected window into two windows, one above the other.  Both windows start
-out displaying the same buffer, with the same value of point.  By default
-the two windows each get half the height of the window that was split; a
-numeric argument specifies how many lines to give to the top window.
-
-@kindex C-x 3
-@findex split-window-horizontally
-  @kbd{C-x 3} (@code{split-window-horizontally}) breaks the selected
-window into two side-by-side windows.  A numeric argument specifies how
-many columns to give the one on the left.  If you are not using
-scrollbars, a vertical line separates the two windows.
-You can customize its color with the face @code{vertical-border}.
-Windows that are not the full width of the screen have mode lines, but
-they are truncated.  On terminals where Emacs does not support
-highlighting, truncated mode lines sometimes do not appear in inverse
-video.
-
-@kindex C-Mouse-2 @r{(scroll bar)}
-  You can split a window horizontally or vertically by clicking
-@kbd{C-Mouse-2} in the mode line or the scroll bar.  The line of
-splitting goes through the place where you click: if you click on the
-mode line, the new scroll bar goes above the spot; if you click in the
-scroll bar, the mode line of the split window is side by side with
-your click.
-
-@vindex truncate-partial-width-windows
-  When a window is less than the full width, text lines too long to
-fit are frequent.  Continuing all those lines might be confusing, so
-if the variable @code{truncate-partial-width-windows} is
-non-@code{nil}, that forces truncation in all windows less than the
-full width of the screen, independent of the buffer being displayed
-and its value for @code{truncate-lines}.  @xref{Line Truncation}.
-
-  Horizontal scrolling is often used in side-by-side windows.
-@xref{Horizontal Scrolling}.
-
-@vindex split-window-keep-point
-  If @code{split-window-keep-point} is non-@code{nil}, the default,
-both of the windows resulting from @kbd{C-x 2} inherit the value of
-point from the window that was split.  This means that scrolling is
-inevitable.  If this variable is @code{nil}, then @kbd{C-x 2} tries to
-avoid scrolling the text currently visible on the screen, by putting
-point in each window at a position already visible in the window.  It
-also selects whichever window contains the screen line that the cursor
-was previously on.  Some users prefer that mode on slow terminals.
-
-@node Other Window
-@section Using Other Windows
-
-@table @kbd
-@item C-x o
-Select another window (@code{other-window}).  That is @kbd{o}, not zero.
-@item C-M-v
-Scroll the next window (@code{scroll-other-window}).
-@item M-x compare-windows
-Find next place where the text in the selected window does not match
-the text in the next window.
-@item Mouse-1
-@kbd{Mouse-1}, in a window's mode line, selects that window
-but does not move point in it (@code{mouse-select-window}).
-@end table
-
-@kindex C-x o
-@findex other-window
-  To select a different window, click with @kbd{Mouse-1} on its mode
-line.  With the keyboard, you can switch windows by typing @kbd{C-x o}
-(@code{other-window}).  That is an @kbd{o}, for ``other,'' not a zero.
-When there are more than two windows, this command moves through all the
-windows in a cyclic order, generally top to bottom and left to right.
-After the rightmost and bottommost window, it goes back to the one at
-the upper left corner.  A numeric argument means to move several steps
-in the cyclic order of windows.  A negative argument moves around the
-cycle in the opposite order.  When the minibuffer is active, the
-minibuffer is the last window in the cycle; you can switch from the
-minibuffer window to one of the other windows, and later switch back and
-finish supplying the minibuffer argument that is requested.
-@xref{Minibuffer Edit}.
-
-@kindex C-M-v
-@findex scroll-other-window
-  The usual scrolling commands (@pxref{Display}) apply to the selected
-window only, but there is one command to scroll the next window.
-@kbd{C-M-v} (@code{scroll-other-window}) scrolls the window that
-@kbd{C-x o} would select.  It takes arguments, positive and negative,
-like @kbd{C-v}.  (In the minibuffer, @kbd{C-M-v} scrolls the window
-that contains the minibuffer help display, if any, rather than the
-next window in the standard cyclic order.)
-
-  The command @kbd{M-x compare-windows} lets you compare two files or
-buffers visible in two windows, by moving through them to the next
-mismatch.  @xref{Comparing Files}, for details.
-
-@vindex mouse-autoselect-window
-  If you set @code{mouse-autoselect-window} to a non-@code{nil} value,
-moving the mouse into a different window selects that window.  This
-feature is off by default.
-
-@node Pop Up Window
-@section Displaying in Another Window
-
-@cindex selecting buffers in other windows
-@kindex C-x 4
-  @kbd{C-x 4} is a prefix key for commands that select another window
-(splitting the window if there is only one) and select a buffer in that
-window.  Different @kbd{C-x 4} commands have different ways of finding the
-buffer to select.
-
-@table @kbd
-@item C-x 4 b @var{bufname} @key{RET}
-Select buffer @var{bufname} in another window.  This runs
-@code{switch-to-buffer-other-window}.
-@item C-x 4 C-o @var{bufname} @key{RET}
-Display buffer @var{bufname} in another window, but
-don't select that buffer or that window.  This runs
-@code{display-buffer}.
-@item C-x 4 f @var{filename} @key{RET}
-Visit file @var{filename} and select its buffer in another window.  This
-runs @code{find-file-other-window}.  @xref{Visiting}.
-@item C-x 4 d @var{directory} @key{RET}
-Select a Dired buffer for directory @var{directory} in another window.
-This runs @code{dired-other-window}.  @xref{Dired}.
-@item C-x 4 m
-Start composing a mail message in another window.  This runs
-@code{mail-other-window}; its same-window analogue is @kbd{C-x m}
-(@pxref{Sending Mail}).
-@item C-x 4 .
-Find a tag in the current tags table, in another window.  This runs
-@code{find-tag-other-window}, the multiple-window variant of @kbd{M-.}
-(@pxref{Tags}).
-@item C-x 4 r @var{filename} @key{RET}
-Visit file @var{filename} read-only, and select its buffer in another
-window.  This runs @code{find-file-read-only-other-window}.
-@xref{Visiting}.
-@end table
-
-@node Force Same Window
-@section Forcing Display in the Same Window
-
-  Certain Emacs commands switch to a specific buffer with special
-contents.  For example, @kbd{M-x shell} switches to a buffer named
-@samp{*shell*}.  By convention, all these commands are written to pop up
-the buffer in a separate window.  But you can specify that certain of
-these buffers should appear in the selected window.
-
-@vindex same-window-buffer-names
-  If you add a buffer name to the list @code{same-window-buffer-names},
-the effect is that such commands display that particular buffer by
-switching to it in the selected window.  For example, if you add the
-element @code{"*grep*"} to the list, the @code{grep} command will
-display its output buffer in the selected window.
-
-  The default value of @code{same-window-buffer-names} is not
-@code{nil}: it specifies buffer names @samp{*info*}, @samp{*mail*} and
-@samp{*shell*} (as well as others used by more obscure Emacs packages).
-This is why @kbd{M-x shell} normally switches to the @samp{*shell*}
-buffer in the selected window.  If you delete this element from the
-value of @code{same-window-buffer-names}, the behavior of @kbd{M-x
-shell} will change---it will pop up the buffer in another window
-instead.
-
-@vindex same-window-regexps
-  You can specify these buffers more generally with the variable
-@code{same-window-regexps}.  Set it to a list of regular expressions;
-then any buffer whose name matches one of those regular expressions is
-displayed by switching to it in the selected window.  (Once again, this
-applies only to buffers that normally get displayed for you in a
-separate window.)  The default value of this variable specifies Telnet
-and rlogin buffers.
-
-  An analogous feature lets you specify buffers which should be
-displayed in their own individual frames.  @xref{Special Buffer Frames}.
-
-@node Change Window
-@section Deleting and Rearranging Windows
-
-@table @kbd
-@item C-x 0
-Delete the selected window (@code{delete-window}).  The last character
-in this key sequence is a zero.
-@item C-x 1
-Delete all windows in the selected frame except the selected window
-(@code{delete-other-windows}).
-@item C-x 4 0
-Delete the selected window and kill the buffer that was showing in it
-(@code{kill-buffer-and-window}).  The last character in this key
-sequence is a zero.
-@item C-x ^
-Make selected window taller (@code{enlarge-window}).
-@item C-x @}
-Make selected window wider (@code{enlarge-window-horizontally}).
-@item C-x @{
-Make selected window narrower (@code{shrink-window-horizontally}).
-@item C-x -
-Shrink this window if its buffer doesn't need so many lines
-(@code{shrink-window-if-larger-than-buffer}).
-@item C-x +
-Make all windows the same height (@code{balance-windows}).
-@end table
-
-@kindex C-x 0
-@findex delete-window
-  To delete a window, type @kbd{C-x 0} (@code{delete-window}).  (That is
-a zero.)  The space occupied by the deleted window is given to an
-adjacent window (but not the minibuffer window, even if that is active
-at the time).  Once a window is deleted, its attributes are forgotten;
-only restoring a window configuration can bring it back.  Deleting the
-window has no effect on the buffer it used to display; the buffer
-continues to exist, and you can select it in any window with @kbd{C-x
-b}.
-
-@findex kill-buffer-and-window
-@kindex C-x 4 0
-  @kbd{C-x 4 0} (@code{kill-buffer-and-window}) is a stronger command
-than @kbd{C-x 0}; it kills the current buffer and then deletes the
-selected window.
-
-@kindex C-x 1
-@findex delete-other-windows
-  @kbd{C-x 1} (@code{delete-other-windows}) is more powerful in a
-different way; it deletes all the windows except the selected one (and
-the minibuffer); the selected window expands to use the whole frame
-except for the echo area.
-
-@kindex C-x ^
-@findex enlarge-window
-@kindex C-x @}
-@findex enlarge-window-horizontally
-@vindex window-min-height
-@vindex window-min-width
-  To readjust the division of space among vertically adjacent windows,
-use @kbd{C-x ^} (@code{enlarge-window}).  It makes the currently
-selected window one line bigger, or as many lines as is specified
-with a numeric argument.  With a negative argument, it makes the
-selected window smaller.  @kbd{C-x @}}
-(@code{enlarge-window-horizontally}) makes the selected window wider by
-the specified number of columns.  @kbd{C-x @{}
-(@code{shrink-window-horizontally}) makes the selected window narrower
-by the specified number of columns.
-
-  When you make a window bigger, the space comes from its peers.  If
-this makes any window too small, it is deleted and its space is given
-to an adjacent window.  The minimum size is specified by the variables
-@code{window-min-height} and @code{window-min-width}.
-
-@kindex C-x -
-@findex shrink-window-if-larger-than-buffer
-  The command @kbd{C-x -} (@code{shrink-window-if-larger-than-buffer})
-reduces the height of the selected window, if it is taller than
-necessary to show the whole text of the buffer it is displaying.  It
-gives the extra lines to other windows in the frame.
-
-@kindex C-x +
-@findex balance-windows
-  You can also use @kbd{C-x +} (@code{balance-windows}) to even out the
-heights of all the windows in the selected frame.
-
-  Mouse clicks on the mode line provide another way to change window
-heights and to delete windows.  @xref{Mode Line Mouse}.
-
-@node Window Convenience
-@section Window Handling Convenience Features and Customization
-
-@findex winner-mode
-@cindex Winner mode
-@cindex mode, Winner
-@cindex undoing window configuration changes
-@cindex window configuration changes, undoing
-  @kbd{M-x winner-mode} is a global minor mode that records the
-changes in the window configuration (i.e. how the frames are
-partitioned into windows), so that you can ``undo'' them.  To undo,
-use @kbd{C-c left} (@code{winner-undo}).  If you change your mind
-while undoing, you can redo the changes you had undone using @kbd{C-c
-right} (@code{M-x winner-redo}).  Another way to enable Winner mode is
-by customizing the variable @code{winner-mode}.
-
-@cindex Windmove package
-@cindex directional window selection
-@findex windmove-right
-@findex windmove-default-keybindings
-  The Windmove commands move directionally between neighboring windows in
-a frame.  @kbd{M-x windmove-right} selects the window immediately to the
-right of the currently selected one, and similarly for the ``left,'' ``up,''
-and ``down'' counterparts.  @kbd{M-x windmove-default-keybindings} binds
-these commands to @kbd{S-right} etc.  (Not all terminals support shifted
-arrow keys, however.)
-
-  Follow minor mode (@kbd{M-x follow-mode}) synchronizes several
-windows on the same buffer so that they always display adjacent
-sections of that buffer.  @xref{Follow Mode}.
-
-@vindex scroll-all-mode
-@cindex scrolling windows together
-@cindex Scroll-all mode
-@cindex mode, Scroll-all
-  @kbd{M-x scroll-all-mode} provides commands to scroll all visible
-windows together.  You can also turn it on by customizing the variable
-@code{scroll-all-mode}.  The commands provided are @kbd{M-x
-scroll-all-scroll-down-all}, @kbd{M-x scroll-all-page-down-all} and
-their corresponding ``up'' equivalents.  To make this mode useful,
-you should bind these commands to appropriate keys.
-
-@ignore
-   arch-tag: 8bea7453-d4b1-49b1-9bf4-cfe4383e1113
-@end ignore