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Move to ../doc/emacs/, misc/
author Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
date Thu, 06 Sep 2007 04:38:00 +0000
parents 22d32094ab61
children 3f7e36eacf7a
files man/macos.texi
diffstat 1 files changed, 0 insertions(+), 429 deletions(-) [+]
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--- a/man/macos.texi	Thu Sep 06 04:37:55 2007 +0000
+++ /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
@@ -1,429 +0,0 @@
-@c This is part of the Emacs manual.
-@c Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004,
-@c   2005, 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-@c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions.
-@node Mac OS, Microsoft Windows, Antinews, Top
-@appendix Emacs and Mac OS
-@cindex Mac OS
-@cindex Macintosh
-
-  This section briefly describes the peculiarities of using Emacs
-under Mac OS with native window system support.  For Mac OS X, Emacs
-can be built either without window system support, with X11, or with
-Carbon API.  This section only applies to the Carbon build.  For Mac
-OS Classic, Emacs can be built with or without Carbon API, and this
-section applies to either of them because they run on the native
-window system.
-
-  Emacs built on Mac OS X supports most of its major features except
-display support of PostScript images.  The following features of Emacs
-are not supported on Mac OS Classic: unexec (@code{dump-emacs}),
-asynchronous subprocesses (@code{start-process}), and networking
-(@code{open-network-stream}).  As a result, packages such as Gnus,
-GUD, and Comint do not work.  Synchronous subprocesses
-(@code{call-process}) are supported on non-Carbon build, but
-specially-crafted external programs are needed.  Since external
-programs to handle commands such as @code{print-buffer} and
-@code{diff} are not available on Mac OS Classic, they are not
-supported.  Non-Carbon build on Mac OS Classic does not support some
-features such as file dialogs, drag-and-drop, and Unicode menus.
-
-@menu
-* Input: Mac Input.                Keyboard and mouse input on Mac.
-* Intl: Mac International.         International character sets on Mac.
-* Env: Mac Environment Variables.  Setting environment variables for Emacs.
-* Directories: Mac Directories.    Volumes and directories on Mac.
-* Font: Mac Font Specs.            Specifying fonts on Mac.
-* Functions: Mac Functions.        Mac-specific Lisp functions.
-@end menu
-
-@node Mac Input
-@section Keyboard and Mouse Input on Mac
-@cindex Meta (Mac OS)
-@cindex keyboard coding (Mac OS)
-
-@vindex mac-control-modifier
-@vindex mac-command-modifier
-@vindex mac-option-modifier
-@vindex mac-function-modifier
-  On Mac, Emacs can use @key{control}, @key{command}, @key{option}, and
-laptop @key{function} keys as any of Emacs modifier keys except
-@key{SHIFT} (i.e., @key{ALT}, @key{CTRL}, @key{HYPER}, @key{META}, and
-@key{SUPER}).  The assignment is controlled by the variables
-@code{mac-control-modifier}, @code{mac-command-modifier},
-@code{mac-option-modifier}, and @code{mac-function-modifier}.  The value
-for each of these variables can be one of the following symbols:
-@code{alt}, @code{control}, @code{hyper}, @code{meta}, @code{super}, and
-@code{nil} (no particular assignment).  By default, the @key{control}
-key works as @key{CTRL}, and the @key{command} key as @key{META}.
-
-  For the @key{option} key, if @code{mac-option-modifier} is set to
-@code{nil}, which is the default, the key works as the normal
-@key{option} key, i.e., dead-key processing will work.  This is useful
-for entering non-@acronym{ASCII} Latin characters directly from the
-Mac keyboard, for example.
-
-  Emacs recognizes the setting in the Keyboard control panel (Mac OS
-Classic) or the International system preference pane (Mac OS X) and
-supports international and alternative keyboard layouts (e.g., Dvorak).
-Selecting one of the layouts from the keyboard layout pull-down menu
-will affect how the keys typed on the keyboard are interpreted.
-
-@vindex mac-pass-command-to-system
-@vindex mac-pass-control-to-system
-  Mac OS intercepts and handles certain key combinations (e.g.,
-@key{command}-@key{SPC} for switching input languages).  These will not
-be passed to Emacs.  One can disable this interception by setting
-@code{mac-pass-command-to-system} or @code{mac-pass-control-to-system}
-to @code{nil}.
-
-@vindex mac-emulate-three-button-mouse
-  Especially for one-button mice, the multiple button feature can be
-emulated by setting @code{mac-emulate-three-button-mouse} to @code{t}
-or @code{reverse}.  If set to @code{t} (@code{reverse}, respectively),
-pressing the mouse button with the @key{option} key is recognized as
-the second (third) button, and that with the @key{command} key is
-recognized as the third (second) button.
-
-@vindex mac-wheel-button-is-mouse-2
-  For multi-button mice, the wheel button and the secondary button are
-recognized as the second and the third button, respectively.  If
-@code{mac-wheel-button-is-mouse-2} is set to @code{nil}, their roles
-are exchanged.
-
-@node Mac International
-@section International Character Set Support on Mac
-@cindex Mac Roman coding system
-@cindex clipboard support (Mac OS)
-
-  Mac uses non-standard encodings for the upper 128 single-byte
-characters.  They also deviate from the ISO 2022 standard by using
-character codes in the range 128-159.  The coding systems
-@code{mac-roman}, @code{mac-centraleurroman}, and @code{mac-cyrillic}
-are used to represent these Mac encodings.
-
-  You can use input methods provided either by LEIM (@pxref{Input
-Methods}) or Mac OS to enter international characters.  To use the
-former, see the International Character Set Support section of the
-manual (@pxref{International}).
-
-  Emacs on Mac OS automatically changes the value of
-@code{keyboard-coding-system} according to the current keyboard
-layout.  So users don't need to set it manually, and even if set, it
-will be changed when the keyboard layout change is detected next time.
-
-  The Mac clipboard and the Emacs kill ring (@pxref{Killing}) are
-synchronized by default: you can yank a piece of text and paste it
-into another Mac application, or cut or copy one in another Mac
-application and yank it into a Emacs buffer.  This feature can be
-disabled by setting @code{x-select-enable-clipboard} to @code{nil}.
-One can still do copy and paste with another application from the Edit
-menu.
-
-  On Mac, the role of the coding system for selection that is set by
-@code{set-selection-coding-system} (@pxref{Communication Coding}) is
-two-fold.  First, it is used as a preferred coding system for the
-traditional text flavor that does not specify any particular encodings
-and is mainly used by applications on Mac OS Classic.  Second, it
-specifies the intermediate encoding for the UTF-16 text flavor that is
-mainly used by applications on Mac OS X.
-
-  When pasting UTF-16 text data from the clipboard, it is first
-converted to the encoding specified by the selection coding system
-using the converter in the Mac OS system, and then decoded into the
-Emacs internal encoding using the converter in Emacs.  If the first
-conversion failed, then the UTF-16 data is directly converted to Emacs
-internal encoding using the converter in Emacs.  Copying UTF-16 text
-to the clipboard goes through the inverse path.  The reason for this
-two-pass decoding is to avoid subtle differences in Unicode mappings
-between the Mac OS system and Emacs such as various kinds of hyphens,
-and to minimize users' customization.  For example, users that mainly
-use Latin characters would prefer Greek characters to be decoded into
-the @code{mule-unicode-0100-24ff} charset, but Japanese users would
-prefer them to be decoded into the @code{japanese-jisx0208} charset.
-Since the coding system for selection is automatically set according
-to the system locale setting, users usually don't have to set it
-manually.
-
-  The default language environment (@pxref{Language Environments}) is
-set according to the locale setting at the startup time.  On Mac OS,
-the locale setting is consulted in the following order:
-
-@enumerate
-@item
-Environment variables @env{LC_ALL}, @env{LC_CTYPE} and @env{LANG} as
-in other systems.
-
-@item
-Preference @code{AppleLocale} that is set by default on Mac OS X 10.3
-and later.
-
-@item
-Preference @code{AppleLanguages} that is set by default on Mac OS X
-10.1 and later.
-
-@item
-Variable @code{mac-system-locale} that is derived from the system
-language and region codes.  This variable is available on all
-supported Mac OS versions including Mac OS Classic.
-@end enumerate
-
-  The default values of almost all variables about coding systems are
-also set according to the language environment.  So usually you don't
-have to customize these variables manually.
-
-@node Mac Environment Variables
-@section Environment Variables and Command Line Arguments.
-@cindex environment variables (Mac OS)
-
-  On Mac OS X, when Emacs is run in a terminal, it inherits the values
-of environment variables from the shell from which it is invoked.
-However, when it is run from the Finder as a GUI application, it only
-inherits environment variable values defined in the file
-@file{~/.MacOSX/environment.plist} that affects all the applications
-invoked from the Finder or the @command{open} command.
-
-  Command line arguments are specified like
-
-@example
-/Applications/Emacs.app/Contents/MacOS/Emacs -g 80x25 &
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-if Emacs is installed at @file{/Applications/Emacs.app}.  If Emacs is
-invoked like this, then it also inherits the values of environment
-variables from the shell from which it is invoked.
-
-  On Mac OS Classic, environment variables and command line arguments
-for Emacs can be set by modifying the @samp{STR#} resources 128 and
-129, respectively.  A common environment variable that one may want to
-set is @samp{HOME}.
-
-  The way to set an environment variable is by adding a string of the
-form
-
-@example
-ENV_VAR=VALUE
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-to resource @samp{STR#} number 128 using @code{ResEdit}. To set up the
-program to use unibyte characters exclusively, for example, add the
-string
-
-@example
-EMACS_UNIBYTE=1
-@end example
-
-@cindex Mac Preferences
-  Although Emacs on Mac does not support X resources (@pxref{X
-Resources}) directly, one can use the Preferences system in place of X
-resources.  For example, adding the line
-
-@example
-Emacs.cursorType: bar
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-to @file{~/.Xresources} in X11 corresponds to the execution of
-
-@example
-defaults write org.gnu.Emacs Emacs.cursorType bar
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-on Mac OS X.  One can use boolean or numeric values as well as string
-values as follows:
-
-@example
-defaults write org.gnu.Emacs Emacs.toolBar -bool false
-defaults write org.gnu.Emacs Emacs.lineSpacing -int 3
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-Try @kbd{M-x man RET defaults RET} for the usage of the
-@command{defaults} command.  Alternatively, if you have Developer
-Tools installed on Mac OS X, you can use Property List Editor to edit
-the file @file{~/Library/Preferences/org.gnu.Emacs.plist}.
-
-
-@node Mac Directories
-@section Volumes and Directories on Mac
-@cindex file names (Mac OS)
-
-  This node applies to Mac OS Classic only.
-
-  The directory structure in Mac OS Classic is seen by Emacs as
-
-@example
-/@var{volumename}/@var{filename}
-@end example
-
-So when Emacs requests a file name, doing file name completion on
-@file{/} will display all volumes on the system.  You can use @file{..}
-to go up a directory level.
-
-  On Mac OS Classic, to access files and folders on the desktop, look
-in the folder @file{Desktop Folder} in your boot volume (this folder
-is usually invisible in the Mac @code{Finder}).
-
-  On Mac OS Classic, Emacs creates the Mac folder
-@file{:Preferences:Emacs:} in the @file{System Folder} and uses it as
-the temporary directory.  Emacs maps the directory name @file{/tmp/}
-to that.  Therefore it is best to avoid naming a volume @file{tmp}.
-If everything works correctly, the program should leave no files in it
-when it exits.  You should be able to set the environment variable
-@code{TMPDIR} to use another directory but this folder will still be
-created.
-
-
-@node Mac Font Specs
-@section Specifying Fonts on Mac
-@cindex font names (Mac OS)
-
-  It is rare that you need to specify a font name in Emacs; usually
-you specify face attributes instead.  For example, you can use 14pt
-Courier by customizing the default face attributes for all frames:
-
-@lisp
-(set-face-attribute 'default nil
-                    :family "courier" :height 140)
-@end lisp
-
-@noindent
-Alternatively, an interactive one is also available
-(@pxref{Face Customization}).
-
-But when you do need to specify a font name in Emacs on Mac, use a
-standard X font name:
-
-@smallexample
--@var{maker}-@var{family}-@var{weight}-@var{slant}-@var{widthtype}-@var{style}@dots{}
-@dots{}-@var{pixels}-@var{height}-@var{horiz}-@var{vert}-@var{spacing}-@var{width}-@var{charset}
-@end smallexample
-
-@noindent
-@xref{Font X}.  Wildcards are supported as they are on X.
-
-  Emacs on Mac OS Classic uses QuickDraw Text routines for drawing texts
-by default.  Emacs on Mac OS X uses @acronym{ATSUI, Apple Type Services
-for Unicode Imaging} as well as QuickDraw Text, and most of the
-characters other than Chinese, Japanese, and Korean ones are drawn using
-the former by default.
-
-  @acronym{ATSUI}-compatible fonts have maker name @code{apple} and
-charset @code{iso10646-1}.  For example, 12-point Monaco can be specified
-by the name:
-
-@example
--apple-monaco-medium-r-normal--12-*-*-*-*-*-iso10646-1
-@end example
-
-Note that these names must be specified using a format containing all
-14 @samp{-}s (not by
-@samp{-apple-monaco-medium-r-normal--12-*-iso10646-1}, for instance),
-because every @acronym{ATSUI}-compatible font is a scalable one.
-
-  QuickDraw Text fonts have maker name @code{apple} and various charset
-names other than @code{iso10646-1}.  Native Apple fonts in Mac Roman
-encoding has charset @code{mac-roman}.  You can specify a
-@code{mac-roman} font for @acronym{ASCII} characters like
-
-@smalllisp
-(add-to-list
- 'default-frame-alist
- '(font . "-apple-monaco-medium-r-normal--13-*-*-*-*-*-mac-roman"))
-@end smalllisp
-
-@noindent
-but that does not extend to ISO-8859-1: specifying a @code{mac-roman}
-font for Latin-1 characters introduces wrong glyphs.
-
-  Native Apple Traditional Chinese, Simplified Chinese, Japanese,
-Korean, Central European, Cyrillic, Symbol, and Dingbats fonts have
-the charsets @samp{big5-0}, @samp{gb2312.1980-0},
-@samp{jisx0208.1983-sjis} and @samp{jisx0201.1976-0},
-@samp{ksc5601.1989-0}, @samp{mac-centraleurroman},
-@samp{mac-cyrillic}, @samp{mac-symbol}, and @samp{mac-dingbats},
-respectively.
-
-  The use of @code{create-fontset-from-fontset-spec} (@pxref{Defining
-Fontsets}) for defining fontsets often results in wrong ones especially
-when using only OS-bundled QuickDraw Text fonts.  The recommended way to
-use them is to create a fontset using
-@code{create-fontset-from-mac-roman-font}:
-
-@lisp
-(create-fontset-from-mac-roman-font
- "-apple-courier-medium-r-normal--13-*-*-*-*-*-mac-roman"
- nil "foo")
-@end lisp
-
-@noindent
-and then optionally specifying Chinese, Japanese, or Korean font
-families using @code{set-fontset-font}:
-
-@lisp
-(set-fontset-font "fontset-foo"
-		  'chinese-gb2312 '("song" . "gb2312.1980-0"))
-@end lisp
-
-  Single-byte fonts converted from GNU fonts in BDF format, which are not
-in the Mac Roman encoding, have foundry, family, and character sets
-encoded in the names of their font suitcases.  E.g., the font suitcase
-@samp{ETL-Fixed-ISO8859-1} contains fonts which can be referred to by
-the name @samp{-ETL-fixed-*-iso8859-1}.
-
-@vindex mac-allow-anti-aliasing
-  Mac OS X 10.2 or later can use two types of text renderings: Quartz 2D
-(aka Core Graphics) and QuickDraw.  By default, Emacs uses the former on
-such versions.  It can be changed by setting
-@code{mac-allow-anti-aliasing} to @code{t} (Quartz 2D) or @code{nil}
-(QuickDraw).  Both @acronym{ATSUI} and QuickDraw Text drawings are
-affected by the value of this variable.
-
-  Appearance of text in small sizes will also be affected by the ``Turn
-off text smoothing for font sizes @var{n} and smaller'' setting in the
-General pane (Mac OS X 10.1 or 10.2) or in the Appearance pane (10.3 or
-later) of the System Preferences.  This threshold can alternatively be
-set just for Emacs (i.e., not as the system-wide setting) using the
-@command{defaults} command:
-
-@example
-defaults write org.gnu.Emacs AppleAntiAliasingThreshold @var{n}
-@end example
-
-
-@node Mac Functions
-@section Mac-Specific Lisp Functions
-@cindex Lisp functions specific to Mac OS
-
-@findex do-applescript
-  The function @code{do-applescript} takes a string argument,
-executes it as an AppleScript command, and returns the result as a
-string.
-
-@findex mac-file-name-to-posix
-@findex posix-file-name-to-mac
-  The function @code{mac-file-name-to-posix} takes a Mac file name and
-returns the GNU or Unix equivalent.  The function
-@code{posix-file-name-to-mac} performs the opposite conversion.  They
-are useful for constructing AppleScript commands to be passed to
-@code{do-applescript}.
-
-@findex mac-set-file-creator
-@findex mac-get-file-creator
-@findex mac-set-file-type
-@findex mac-get-file-type
-  The functions @code{mac-set-file-creator},
-@code{mac-get-file-creator}, @code{mac-set-file-type}, and
-@code{mac-get-file-type} can be used to set and get creator and file
-codes.
-
-@findex mac-get-preference
-  The function @code{mac-get-preference} returns the preferences value
-converted to a Lisp object for a specified key and application.
-
-@ignore
-   arch-tag: a822c2ab-4273-4997-927e-c153bb71dcf6
-@end ignore