Mercurial > freewnn
diff cWnn/manual/chap3 @ 0:bbc77ca4def5
initial import
| author | Yoshiki Yazawa <yaz@cc.rim.or.jp> |
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| date | Thu, 13 Dec 2007 04:30:14 +0900 |
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--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000 +++ b/cWnn/manual/chap3 Thu Dec 13 04:30:14 2007 +0900 @@ -0,0 +1,750 @@ + ┏━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┓ + ┏━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┓ + ┃ Ｃｈａｐｔｅｒ ３ ＩＮＰＵＴ ＭＥＴＨＯＤＳ ┃ + ┗━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┛ + ┗━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┛ + + +┏━━━━━━━━┓ +┃ 3.1 OVERVIEW ┃ +┗━━━━━━━━┛ + + This chapter explains the different input environments in cWnn system, and the +different input modes in each environment. Examples on both the phonetic and radical +input procedures are shown separately. + + + +┏━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┓ +┃ 3.2 THREE STANDARD INPUT ENVIRONMENT ┃ +┗━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┛ + +cWnn has three default input environments, they are: + (a) Combination of Pinyin and Zhuyin input environment + (b) Pinyin centred input environment + (c) Zhuyin centred input environment + +Environment (a) supports both Pinyin and Zhuyin methods. Environment (b) supports most +of the commonly used Pinyin and encoded input methods in P.R.China. Environment (c) +supports input methods that are commonly used in Taiwan. + +To activate input environment (a), execute directly the client module command. + ┌──────────────────────────────┐ + │ % cuum <CR> │ + └──────────────────────────────┘ +Refer to Section 2.3 for details. We shall now give an example using environments (b) +and (c): + +To activate environment (b), use the "-r" option of the "cuum" command, together with +the default path of this input environment. For example, + ┌──────────────────────────────┐ + │ % cuum -r /usr/local/lib/wnn/zh_CN/rk_p <CR> │ + └──────────────────────────────┘ + +Similar for input environment (c), do the following: + ┌──────────────────────────────┐ + │ % cuum -r /usr/local/lib/wnn/zh_CN/rk_z <CR> │ + └──────────────────────────────┘ +The "-r" option is explained in Section 6.3. + + - 3-1 - +The following shows the input methods in each input environment: + + (a) Combination of Pinyin and Zhuyin input environment + ( Default path: /usr/local/lib/wnn/zh_CN/rk/ ) + + 全拼输入, 注音输入 (PF1) + 五笔输入, 仓颉输入 (PF2) + 全角输入, 半角输入 (PF3) + + (b) Pinyin centred input environment + ( Default path: /usr/local/lib/wnn/zh_CN/rk_p/ ) + + 全拼输入, 二拼输入, 三拼输入 (PF1) + 五笔输入, 钱码输入 (PF2) + 全角输入, 半角输入 (PF3) + 国标输入, 区位输入, 内码输入, 常用输入 (PF4) + + *** Two types of 二拼输入 are available, one is 光明, another is PJY. + These two methods may be selected via PF5 function key. + + (c) Zhuyin input environment + ( Default path: /usr/local/lib/wnn/zh_CN/rk_z/ ) + + 注音输入 (PF1) + 仓颉输入 (PF2) + 全角输入, 半角输入 (PF3) + + *** Two types of 注音输入 are available, one is 倚天, another is 习用. + These two methods may be selected via PF5 function key. + + +NOTE: + * Refer to Section 3.3 or the glossary page for the explanations of all the input + methods. + * The function keys above (eg. PF1, PF2 .....etc) are the default function keys in + cWnn system. They are used for toggling among the different input modes in each + of the input environment. It is possible to re-define the function keys. + * PF4 has two functions: + (1) When the user is in the "Pinyin centred input environment", PF4 is used + for toggling the input modes, while PF6 is for toggling the environment + operation functions. + (2) When the user is in the "Zhuyin centred input environment" OR in the + "Combination of Pinyin and Zhuyin input environment", both PF4 and PF6 + are used for toggling the environment operation functions. + + + + + + - 3-2 - +┏━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┓ +┃ 3.3 THE DIFFERENT INPUT MODES ┃ +┗━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┛ + + As mentioned in Section 3.2, different input environment supports different input +modes. We shall now explain each of the input mode accordingly. + +1. Phonetic +━━━━━━ +The user inputs a Chinese character via their pronunciations. The default phonetic input +modes are as shown below. To enter into the respective i nput mode, simply use the +function keys as shown in Section 3.2. + +(a) Quanpin (全拼) : Input a Chinese character using its complete Pinyin. If a tone + is needed, the user enters the number which represents the four + tones, that is, 1,2,3 or 4. + +(b) Erpin (二拼) : Input a Chinese character by using only 2 keys. The first key + to represent the consonant and the second to represent the + vowel. If a tone is needed, the corresponding number which + represents the four tones may be entered ie. 1,2,3 or 4. + +(c) Sanpin (三拼) : Similar to Erpin, however, it uses 3 keys to represent the + Chinese character, with the third key particularly for the four + tones. + There are certain keys allocated for each of the four tones. + For example, the first tone is represented by keys t,r,e,w,q,1. + Second tone is represented by keys g,f,d,s,a,b,v,c,x,z,2 + Third tone is represented by y,u,i,o,p,3 and the fourth tone + by h,j,k,l,n,m,4 + +(d) Zhuyin (注音) : Input a Chinese character using its complete Zhuyin. If a tone + is needed, the user enters the number which represents the four + tones, that is, 1,2,3 or 4. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - 3-3 - +2. Radical +━━━━━ +To input a Chinese character, the user needs to input according to the components of +the character. The default radical input modes are shown below. To enter into the +respective input mode, simply use the function keys as shown in Section 3.2. + +(a) Wubi (五笔) : Chinese characters are broken down into their components. Wubi + uses at most four keys to represent one Chinese character, and + each key represents one component of the character. Once the + four components are entered, the system automatically performs + the conversion to Hanzi. If input components do not correspond to + the Chinese character, the input will be cancelled automatically. + + If the Chinese character requires less than four keys to + represent itself, the input may be completed by pressing the + space bar. + + When the user is uncertain of the components of a Chinese + character, he can enter "?" or "z" as a wildcard to select all + the possible characters. The way to select the correct + candidate is similar to Pinyin input method. Refer to Section + 3.4. + +(b) Qianma (钱码) : This is another method where input is via the components of the + characters. At most three keys are used to represent one + Chinese character, and each key represents one component of the + character. Once the three components are entered, the system + automatically perform the conversion to Hanzi. If the components + do not correspond to the Chinese character, the input will be + cancelled automatically. + + If the Chinese character requires less than three keys, the + input can be completed by pressing the space bar. + + When the user is uncertain of the components of a Chinese + character, he can enter "?" or "z" as a wildcard to select all + the possible characters. The way to select the correct + candidate is similar to Pinyin input method. Refer to Section + 3.4. + +(c) Cangjie (仓颉) : Chinese characters are broken down into their components. + Cangjie also uses at most four keys to represent one Chinese + character, and each key represents one component of the character. + Once the four components are entered, the system automatically + performs the conversion to Hanzi. If input components do not + correspond to the Chinese character, the input will be cancelled + automatically. + + + - 3-4 - +3. ASCII Input +━━━━━━━ +(a) Banjiao (半角) : To input standard ASCII characters (1 byte) at the front-end + processor instead of at the C Shell prompt. + +(b) Quanjiao (全角) : To input wide ASCII characters (2 bytes), at the front-end + processor instead of at the C Shell prompt. + + +4. Other Input +━━━━━━━ +(a) Quwei (区位) : Input four integers to represent one Chinese character. These + four integers represent the area and position numbers of each + character in the Guobiao Table. + +(b) Neima (内码) : Input four hexadecimal numbers to represent a Chinese character. + These hexadecimal numbers are the internal code of the Chinese + characters. + +(c) Guobiao (国标) : Input four hexadecimal numbers to represent a Chinese character. + These numbers are the Guobiao Code of each character in the + Guobiao Table. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - 3-5 - +┏━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┓ +┃ 3.4 PHONETIC INPUT PROCEDURE ┃ +┗━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┛ + +Input procedure here includes the followings: + (a) Input Chinese pronunciation at the front-end processor + (b) Conversion to Hanzi + (c) Selection of candidates + (d) Confirmation + +In this secton, we will give examples of the input procedure by using the phonetic +input mode. + + +1. Keyboard Layout +━━━━━━━━━ +Before looking at the examples, we need to know the function keys used in cWnn system. +All function keys referred in this manual will follow the keyboard layout as shown +below: + + ┌──┬──┬──┬──┬──┬──┬──┬──┬──┬──┐ + │ PF1│ PF2│ PF3│ PF4│ PF5│ PF6│ PF7│ PF8│ PF9│PF10│ + └──┴──┴──┴──┴──┴──┴──┴──┴──┴──┘ + ┌─────────────────────────────┐ ┌────┐┌─────┐ + │ │ │消去 Add││呼出し Dic│ + │ │ └────┘└─────┘ + │ │┌────┐┌────┐ + │ ││ 文节← ││ 文节→ │ + │ ││ Segment││ Segment│ + │ QWERTY Keyboard │└────┘└────┘ + │ │ ┌──────────┐ + │ ┌────┤ │ 前候补 ↑ │ + │ │ │ │ Previous candidate │ + ├───┐ │ Return │ └──────────┘ + │ Ctrl │ │ │ ┌──┐┌──┐ + ├───┴┐ ┌┴────┤ │ ← ││ → │ + │ Shift │ │ Shift │ └──┘└──┘ + ├────┼────┬──┬─────┬───┬┴─────┤ ┌────────┐ + │ 确定 │ 前面キ-│ │ SPACE │ かな │ 变换 │ │ 次候补 ↓ │ + │Confirm │ Meta │CAP │ BAR │ Kana │ Conversion │ │ Next candidate │ + └────┴────┴──┴─────┴───┴──────┘ └────────┘ + + + + + + + + + - 3-6 - +2. The Phonetic Input Process +━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ +We will now give an example of the input procedure using Pinyin. For other phonetic +input methods, the procedure will be the same. + +After the startup of cuum, press ^\ to enter into the input environment. The user will +be able to see the prompt as shown below, after which Pinyin input is possible. + ┌──────────────────────────────┐ + │ % │ + │ 全拼: │ + └──────────────────────────────┘ + + + (a) Pinyin input + ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + - The user needs to input a complete Pinyin of a chinese character for 全拼 mode. + For example, the character 中 is represented by zhong. + The Pinyin may be entered with or without the four tones. The four tones are + represented by 1,2 3,4 respectively eg. zhong or zhong1. + + - After entering the four tone, you will see the following: + ┌──────────────────────────────┐ + │ 全拼: Zh幁ng幚 │ + └──────────────────────────────┘ + + - In certain cases, the space bar may be used to end a Pinyin input. + For example, the character 的. You may enter "de" followed by a space. + ┌──────────────────────────────┐ + │ 全拼: de_ │ + └──────────────────────────────┘ + The system will segment this input as one character. + ┌──────────────────────────────┐ + │ 全拼: De幚 │ + └──────────────────────────────┘ + + - Any arbitrary length of Pinyin is allowed. The system will perform an auto- + checking for the Pinyin entered, to ensure a legal Pinyin input. + + + + + + + + + + + + + - 3-7 - + - User may correct his mistakes by just moving the cursor to the particular + position and do the correction, without having to re-type the entire Pinyin + string again. + + The following keys can be used to manipulate the input : + + Function keys Functions + ───────────────────────────────── + ^F (or →) To move the cursor one character position to the right. + + ^B (or ←) To move the cursor one character position to the left. + + ^D To delete the character on the cursor. + + ^E To move the cursor to the end of the input string. + + ^A To move the cursor to the front of the input string. + + ^K (or 前面キ- To delete all the input characters from the cursor + + ↑arrow key) position till the end of the input string. + + ^W (or 变换) To obtain all candidates. This is also the conversion + key. If there are too many candidates to be displayed at + one time, use the ↓ and ↑ keys to browse the next and + previous sets of candidates respectively. + + + + (b) Pinyin-Hanzi conversion + ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + - After you have ensured that the Pinyin input are correct, press the convert + key (变换) to perform the conversion from Pinyin to Chinese character. + The converted result will be shown as below: + ┌──────────────────────────────┐ + │ 全拼: 中 │ + └──────────────────────────────┘ + + + (c) Selection of candidates + ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + - At certain times, the conversion might not be accurate. For example it may + give 钟 instead of 中. In this case, the user may request for further + conversions and selections to obtain the correct Chinese characters. This is + done by pressing the convert key (变换) again. You will now see the following: + ┌────────────────────────────────────┐ + │ 全拼: 0.钟 1.终 2.种 3.忠 4.盅 5.衷 6.忪 7.螽 8.舯 9.锺 9/19│ + └────────────────────────────────────┘ + + + - 3-8 - + - Candidates may be selected by either moving the cursor to the particular + character and press the return key, or just by pressing the number. + + To manipulate the candidate options, refer to the following function keys: + + Function Keys Functions + ────────────────────────────────── + ^F (or →) To move the cursor to the right. + + ^B (or ←) To move the cursor to the left. + + ↓ To view the next set of candidates. + + ↑ To view the previous set of candidates. + + ^O (or 文节→ key) To extend the length of a word phrase by one character. + + ^I (or 文节← key) To shorten the length of a word phrase by one character. + + ^E To move the cursor to the end of converted string + OR the end of a series of candidate options. + + ^A To move the cursor to the beginning of converted + string OR beginning of a series of candidate options. + + ^C (or 前面キ- To execute reverse conversion (from Hanzi back to Pinyin) + + ↑arrow key. + Do this twice) + + ^K (or 前面キ- To delete all the converted characters from the + + ↑arrow key. cursor position till the end of the input string. + Do this twice) + + + (d) Confirmation + ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + - To confirm the conversion result, press the confirm key (确定) and the result + will be sent to C Shell. The cursor will return to the original position and + ready to receive new Pinyin input. + + - However, if after the conversion is made, user continues to input Pinyin, the + the previous converted result will automatically be sent to the C Shell. In + this case, user needs not press the confirm key. + + + + + + + - 3-9 - + (e) An example of multi-phrase conversion using Pinyin (forward conversion) + ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + This is an example to show the input of a multi-phrase Chinese characters + (欢迎使用汉语处理系统) through Pinyin. + +┌─────────────────────┬─────────────────────┐ +│ User Input │ Screen Display │ +├─────────────────────┼─────────────────────┤ +│huan1ying2shi3yong4han4yu3chu4li3xi4tong3 │ Hu帯n幚Y帾ng幚Sh帿幚Y幇ng幚H帳n幚Y幊幚Ch幋幚L帿幚X幀幚T幆ng幚│ +│ │ │ +│ press convert key (变换) │ 欢迎实用汉语处理系统 │ +│ │ │ +│ 实用 is not the correct word, hence, │ 欢迎实用汉语处理系统 │ +│ use → key to move cursor to the word │ │ +│ │ │ +│ press convert key (变换) again │ 0.使用 1.适用 2.试用 3.施用 4.实用 │ +│ (view further selections) │ 5.食用 │ +│ │ │ +│ Select the correct word by using arrow │ 0.使用 1.适用 2.试用 3.施用 4.实用 │ +│ key or simply type the number │ 5.食用 │ +│ │ │ +│ press confirm key (确定) │ 欢迎使用汉语处理系统 │ +└─────────────────────┴─────────────────────┘ + + NOTE: Examples on how to use ^I (word segmentation) and ^O are shown in + Section 4.4. + + + (f) An example of Hanzi-Pinyin conversion (reverse conversion) + ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + This is an example to show reverse conversion. A string of Chinese characters + 欢迎使用汉语处理系统 are converted back to their respective Pinyin by pressing + ^C twice. + + If ^C is pressed only once, it enters an edit state where more Pinyin input are + allowed. +┌─────────────────────┬─────────────────────┐ +│ User Input │ Screen Display │ +├─────────────────────┼─────────────────────┤ +│ 欢迎使用汉语处理 │ 欢迎使用汉语处理 │ +│ │ │ +│ press ^C once │ Hu帯n幚Y帾ng幚Sh帾幚Y幇ng幚H帳n幚Y幊幚Ch幋幚L帿幚 │ +│ │ │ +│ input more Pinyin eg. "xi4tong3" │ Hu帯n幚Y帾ng幚Sh帾幚Y幇ng幚H帳n幚Y幊幚Ch幋幚L帿幚X幀幚T幆ng幚│ +│ │ │ +│ press conversion (变换) key │ 欢迎使用汉语处理系统 │ +│ │ │ +│ press ^C twice │ Hu帯n幚Y帾ng幚Sh帾幚Y幇ng幚H帳n幚Y幊幚Ch幋幚L帿幚X幀幚T幆ng幚│ +└─────────────────────┴─────────────────────┘ + - 3-10 - + (f) An example of Pinyin-Zhuyin standardization + ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + As mentioned, Pinyin and Zhuyin are standardized in cWnn. The same internal + code is used to represent each Chinese pronunciation in Pinyin and Zhuyin. + When the user input via Pinyin or Zhuyin, the input string will first be + converted to the internal code before any conversion. Hence, both Pinyin or + Zhuyin maybe input at the same time. For example, the phrase 今天天气正好. + + A user may use Pinyin to input this phrase. However, he may forget the + the Pinyin for 天气. In this case, he may change the input mode to "注音" + (via PF1 in cWnn). All Pinyin input will be converted to Zhuyin at once, + and the user may continue his input using Zhuyin. + + ┌──────────────────────────────┐ + │ 全拼: J帺n幚Ti帯n幚 │ + └──────────────────────────────┘ + ↓ PF1 to toggle to Zhuyin mode + ┌──────────────────────────────┐ + │ 注音: 幮庣庛幜幨庣庘幜 │ + └──────────────────────────────┘ + ↓ Continue to input via Zhuyin + ┌──────────────────────────────┐ + │ 注音: 幮庣庛幜幨庣庘幜幨庣庘幜幯庣幠 │ + └──────────────────────────────┘ + ↓ PF1 to toggle back to Pinyin mode + ┌──────────────────────────────┐ + │ 全拼: J帺n幚Ti帯n幚Ti帯n幚Q幀幚 │ + └──────────────────────────────┘ + ↓ Continue to input via Pinyin + ┌──────────────────────────────┐ + │ 全拼: J帺n幚Ti帯n幚Ti帯n幚Q幀幚Zh帹ng幚H帲o幚 │ + └──────────────────────────────┘ + ↓ Press 变换 key to convert + ┌──────────────────────────────┐ + │ 全拼: 今天天气正好 │ + └──────────────────────────────┘ + + Hence, input mode may be toggled from "全拼" to "注音" via the PF1 function + key, and at the same time, the input string remains unchanged. This shows + the standardization of Pinyin and Zhuyin. + + + + + + + + + + - 3-11 - +┏━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┓ +┃ 3.5 RADICAL INPUT PROCEDURE ┃ +┗━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┛ + +Input procedure here includes the followings: + (a) Input Chinese character via their components at the front-end processor + (b) Conversion to Hanzi + (c) Selection of candidates + (d) Confirmation + +We will now give an example of the input procedure using Wubi (五笔). For other radical +input methods, the procedure will be the same. + + +1. The Radical Input Process +━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ +After the startup of cuum, press ^\ to enter into the input environment. The user will +be able to see the prompt as shown below, this allow only Pinyin input. + ┌──────────────────────────────┐ + │ % │ + │ 全拼: │ + └──────────────────────────────┘ + +To enter into Wubi mode, press PF2 key. You may follow the function keys given in +Section 3.2. You will now see the following: + ┌──────────────────────────────┐ + │ 五笔: │ + └──────────────────────────────┘ + + + (a) Wubi input + ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + - Four keys are used to represent each of the components of a chinese character. + For example, the character 常 is represented by "ipkh". After entering the + four alphabets, the system will automatically convert them to the expected + Chinese character. + ┌──────────────────────────────┐ + │ 五笔: 常 │ + └──────────────────────────────┘ + + + + + + + + + + + - 3-12 - + (b) Conversion to Hanzi + ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + - After the four component alphabets are entered, the character 常 will be + displayed automatically. + + - If the Chinese character requires less than four keys, the input can be + completed by pressing the space bar. For example the character 学 is + represented by "ip". Hence we may enter "ip" followed by a space. + ┌──────────────────────────────┐ + │ 五笔: ip_ │ + └──────────────────────────────┘ + + + (c) Selection of candidates + ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + - When the user is uncertain of the components of a Chinese character, he can + enter "?" or "z" as a wildcard to select all the possible characters. + For example, he may know the first two alphabet "ip", but is uncertain of + the next two alphabets. In this case he may do this: + ┌──────────────────────────────┐ + │ 五笔: ip?? │ + └──────────────────────────────┘ + OR + ┌──────────────────────────────┐ + │ 五笔: ipzz │ + └──────────────────────────────┘ + After the four alphabets are entered, the character 常 will be displayed. + + - To browse through other possible candidates with "ip" as the initial component, + press the conversion (变换) key. You will see the following: + ┌─────────────────────────────────────┐ + │ 五笔: 0.常 1.深 2.溶 3.滓 4.泞 5.滨 6.沈 7.觉 8.沉 8/33 │ + └─────────────────────────────────────┘ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - 3-13 - + - From the above example, there are 33 possible candidates with "ip" as the initial + components. Hence to view the next set of candidates, use the followings: + + Function Keys Functions + ────────────────────────────────── + ^F (or →) To move the cursor to the right. + + ^B (or ←) To move the cursor to the left. + + ↓ To view the next set of candidates. + + ↑ To view the previous set of candidates. + + ^E To move the cursor to the end of a series of + candidate options. + + ^A To move the cursor to the beginning of a series of + candidate options. + + ^C (or 前面キ- To execute reverse conversion (from Hanzi back to + + ↑arrow key. component alphabets) + Do this twice) + + ^K (or 前面キ- To delete the input character completely. + + ↑arrow key) + + + - Four "?" may be entered at one time. In this case, the system will display + all characters in the dictioanry. For example, + ┌──────────────────────────────┐ + │ 五笔: ???? │ + └──────────────────────────────┘ + + You may see the followings: + ┌──────────────────────────────┐ + │ 五笔: 深 │ + └──────────────────────────────┘ + "深" is the character with the highet assessment values. Use the conversion + (变换) key to browse all other possible candidates. + + + + + + + + + + + - 3-14 - + (d) Confirmation + ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + - To confirm the conversion result, press the confirm key (确定) and the result + will be sent to C Shell. The cursor will return to the original position and + ready to receive new input. + + - However, if after the conversion is made, user continues to input, the the + previous converted result will automatically be sent to the C Shell. In this + case, user need not press the confirm key. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - 3-15 -