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| author | Yoshiki Yazawa <yaz@cc.rim.or.jp> |
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| date | Thu, 13 Dec 2007 04:30:14 +0900 |
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┏━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┓ ┏━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┓ ┃ Ｃｈａｐｔｅｒ ３ ＩＮＰＵＴ ＭＥＴＨＯＤＳ ┃ ┗━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┛ ┗━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┛ ┏━━━━━━━━┓ ┃ 3.1 OVERVIEW ┃ ┗━━━━━━━━┛ This chapter explains the different input environments in cWnn system, and the different input modes in each environment. Examples on both the phonetic and radical input procedures are shown separately. ┏━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┓ ┃ 3.2 THREE STANDARD INPUT ENVIRONMENT ┃ ┗━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┛ cWnn has three default input environments, they are: (a) Combination of Pinyin and Zhuyin input environment (b) Pinyin centred input environment (c) Zhuyin centred input environment Environment (a) supports both Pinyin and Zhuyin methods. Environment (b) supports most of the commonly used Pinyin and encoded input methods in P.R.China. Environment (c) supports input methods that are commonly used in Taiwan. To activate input environment (a), execute directly the client module command. ┌──────────────────────────────┐ │ % cuum <CR> │ └──────────────────────────────┘ Refer to Section 2.3 for details. We shall now give an example using environments (b) and (c): To activate environment (b), use the "-r" option of the "cuum" command, together with the default path of this input environment. For example, ┌──────────────────────────────┐ │ % cuum -r /usr/local/lib/wnn/zh_CN/rk_p <CR> │ └──────────────────────────────┘ Similar for input environment (c), do the following: ┌──────────────────────────────┐ │ % cuum -r /usr/local/lib/wnn/zh_CN/rk_z <CR> │ └──────────────────────────────┘ The "-r" option is explained in Section 6.3. - 3-1 - The following shows the input methods in each input environment: (a) Combination of Pinyin and Zhuyin input environment ( Default path: /usr/local/lib/wnn/zh_CN/rk/ ) 全拼输入, 注音输入 (PF1) 五笔输入, 仓颉输入 (PF2) 全角输入, 半角输入 (PF3) (b) Pinyin centred input environment ( Default path: /usr/local/lib/wnn/zh_CN/rk_p/ ) 全拼输入, 二拼输入, 三拼输入 (PF1) 五笔输入, 钱码输入 (PF2) 全角输入, 半角输入 (PF3) 国标输入, 区位输入, 内码输入, 常用输入 (PF4) *** Two types of 二拼输入 are available, one is 光明, another is PJY. These two methods may be selected via PF5 function key. (c) Zhuyin input environment ( Default path: /usr/local/lib/wnn/zh_CN/rk_z/ ) 注音输入 (PF1) 仓颉输入 (PF2) 全角输入, 半角输入 (PF3) *** Two types of 注音输入 are available, one is 倚天, another is 习用. These two methods may be selected via PF5 function key. NOTE: * Refer to Section 3.3 or the glossary page for the explanations of all the input methods. * The function keys above (eg. PF1, PF2 .....etc) are the default function keys in cWnn system. They are used for toggling among the different input modes in each of the input environment. It is possible to re-define the function keys. * PF4 has two functions: (1) When the user is in the "Pinyin centred input environment", PF4 is used for toggling the input modes, while PF6 is for toggling the environment operation functions. (2) When the user is in the "Zhuyin centred input environment" OR in the "Combination of Pinyin and Zhuyin input environment", both PF4 and PF6 are used for toggling the environment operation functions. - 3-2 - ┏━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┓ ┃ 3.3 THE DIFFERENT INPUT MODES ┃ ┗━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┛ As mentioned in Section 3.2, different input environment supports different input modes. We shall now explain each of the input mode accordingly. 1. Phonetic ━━━━━━ The user inputs a Chinese character via their pronunciations. The default phonetic input modes are as shown below. To enter into the respective i nput mode, simply use the function keys as shown in Section 3.2. (a) Quanpin (全拼) : Input a Chinese character using its complete Pinyin. If a tone is needed, the user enters the number which represents the four tones, that is, 1,2,3 or 4. (b) Erpin (二拼) : Input a Chinese character by using only 2 keys. The first key to represent the consonant and the second to represent the vowel. If a tone is needed, the corresponding number which represents the four tones may be entered ie. 1,2,3 or 4. (c) Sanpin (三拼) : Similar to Erpin, however, it uses 3 keys to represent the Chinese character, with the third key particularly for the four tones. There are certain keys allocated for each of the four tones. For example, the first tone is represented by keys t,r,e,w,q,1. Second tone is represented by keys g,f,d,s,a,b,v,c,x,z,2 Third tone is represented by y,u,i,o,p,3 and the fourth tone by h,j,k,l,n,m,4 (d) Zhuyin (注音) : Input a Chinese character using its complete Zhuyin. If a tone is needed, the user enters the number which represents the four tones, that is, 1,2,3 or 4. - 3-3 - 2. Radical ━━━━━ To input a Chinese character, the user needs to input according to the components of the character. The default radical input modes are shown below. To enter into the respective input mode, simply use the function keys as shown in Section 3.2. (a) Wubi (五笔) : Chinese characters are broken down into their components. Wubi uses at most four keys to represent one Chinese character, and each key represents one component of the character. Once the four components are entered, the system automatically performs the conversion to Hanzi. If input components do not correspond to the Chinese character, the input will be cancelled automatically. If the Chinese character requires less than four keys to represent itself, the input may be completed by pressing the space bar. When the user is uncertain of the components of a Chinese character, he can enter "?" or "z" as a wildcard to select all the possible characters. The way to select the correct candidate is similar to Pinyin input method. Refer to Section 3.4. (b) Qianma (钱码) : This is another method where input is via the components of the characters. At most three keys are used to represent one Chinese character, and each key represents one component of the character. Once the three components are entered, the system automatically perform the conversion to Hanzi. If the components do not correspond to the Chinese character, the input will be cancelled automatically. If the Chinese character requires less than three keys, the input can be completed by pressing the space bar. When the user is uncertain of the components of a Chinese character, he can enter "?" or "z" as a wildcard to select all the possible characters. The way to select the correct candidate is similar to Pinyin input method. Refer to Section 3.4. (c) Cangjie (仓颉) : Chinese characters are broken down into their components. Cangjie also uses at most four keys to represent one Chinese character, and each key represents one component of the character. Once the four components are entered, the system automatically performs the conversion to Hanzi. If input components do not correspond to the Chinese character, the input will be cancelled automatically. - 3-4 - 3. ASCII Input ━━━━━━━ (a) Banjiao (半角) : To input standard ASCII characters (1 byte) at the front-end processor instead of at the C Shell prompt. (b) Quanjiao (全角) : To input wide ASCII characters (2 bytes), at the front-end processor instead of at the C Shell prompt. 4. Other Input ━━━━━━━ (a) Quwei (区位) : Input four integers to represent one Chinese character. These four integers represent the area and position numbers of each character in the Guobiao Table. (b) Neima (内码) : Input four hexadecimal numbers to represent a Chinese character. These hexadecimal numbers are the internal code of the Chinese characters. (c) Guobiao (国标) : Input four hexadecimal numbers to represent a Chinese character. These numbers are the Guobiao Code of each character in the Guobiao Table. - 3-5 - ┏━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┓ ┃ 3.4 PHONETIC INPUT PROCEDURE ┃ ┗━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┛ Input procedure here includes the followings: (a) Input Chinese pronunciation at the front-end processor (b) Conversion to Hanzi (c) Selection of candidates (d) Confirmation In this secton, we will give examples of the input procedure by using the phonetic input mode. 1. Keyboard Layout ━━━━━━━━━ Before looking at the examples, we need to know the function keys used in cWnn system. All function keys referred in this manual will follow the keyboard layout as shown below: ┌──┬──┬──┬──┬──┬──┬──┬──┬──┬──┐ │ PF1│ PF2│ PF3│ PF4│ PF5│ PF6│ PF7│ PF8│ PF9│PF10│ └──┴──┴──┴──┴──┴──┴──┴──┴──┴──┘ ┌─────────────────────────────┐ ┌────┐┌─────┐ │ │ │消去 Add││呼出し Dic│ │ │ └────┘└─────┘ │ │┌────┐┌────┐ │ ││ 文节← ││ 文节→ │ │ ││ Segment││ Segment│ │ QWERTY Keyboard │└────┘└────┘ │ │ ┌──────────┐ │ ┌────┤ │ 前候补 ↑ │ │ │ │ │ Previous candidate │ ├───┐ │ Return │ └──────────┘ │ Ctrl │ │ │ ┌──┐┌──┐ ├───┴┐ ┌┴────┤ │ ← ││ → │ │ Shift │ │ Shift │ └──┘└──┘ ├────┼────┬──┬─────┬───┬┴─────┤ ┌────────┐ │ 确定 │ 前面キ-│ │ SPACE │ かな │ 变换 │ │ 次候补 ↓ │ │Confirm │ Meta │CAP │ BAR │ Kana │ Conversion │ │ Next candidate │ └────┴────┴──┴─────┴───┴──────┘ └────────┘ - 3-6 - 2. The Phonetic Input Process ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ We will now give an example of the input procedure using Pinyin. For other phonetic input methods, the procedure will be the same. After the startup of cuum, press ^\ to enter into the input environment. The user will be able to see the prompt as shown below, after which Pinyin input is possible. ┌──────────────────────────────┐ │ % │ │ 全拼: │ └──────────────────────────────┘ (a) Pinyin input ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ - The user needs to input a complete Pinyin of a chinese character for 全拼 mode. For example, the character 中 is represented by zhong. The Pinyin may be entered with or without the four tones. The four tones are represented by 1,2 3,4 respectively eg. zhong or zhong1. - After entering the four tone, you will see the following: ┌──────────────────────────────┐ │ 全拼: Zh幁ng幚 │ └──────────────────────────────┘ - In certain cases, the space bar may be used to end a Pinyin input. For example, the character 的. You may enter "de" followed by a space. ┌──────────────────────────────┐ │ 全拼: de_ │ └──────────────────────────────┘ The system will segment this input as one character. ┌──────────────────────────────┐ │ 全拼: De幚 │ └──────────────────────────────┘ - Any arbitrary length of Pinyin is allowed. The system will perform an auto- checking for the Pinyin entered, to ensure a legal Pinyin input. - 3-7 - - User may correct his mistakes by just moving the cursor to the particular position and do the correction, without having to re-type the entire Pinyin string again. The following keys can be used to manipulate the input : Function keys Functions ───────────────────────────────── ^F (or →) To move the cursor one character position to the right. ^B (or ←) To move the cursor one character position to the left. ^D To delete the character on the cursor. ^E To move the cursor to the end of the input string. ^A To move the cursor to the front of the input string. ^K (or 前面キ- To delete all the input characters from the cursor + ↑arrow key) position till the end of the input string. ^W (or 变换) To obtain all candidates. This is also the conversion key. If there are too many candidates to be displayed at one time, use the ↓ and ↑ keys to browse the next and previous sets of candidates respectively. (b) Pinyin-Hanzi conversion ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ - After you have ensured that the Pinyin input are correct, press the convert key (变换) to perform the conversion from Pinyin to Chinese character. The converted result will be shown as below: ┌──────────────────────────────┐ │ 全拼: 中 │ └──────────────────────────────┘ (c) Selection of candidates ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ - At certain times, the conversion might not be accurate. For example it may give 钟 instead of 中. In this case, the user may request for further conversions and selections to obtain the correct Chinese characters. This is done by pressing the convert key (变换) again. You will now see the following: ┌────────────────────────────────────┐ │ 全拼: 0.钟 1.终 2.种 3.忠 4.盅 5.衷 6.忪 7.螽 8.舯 9.锺 9/19│ └────────────────────────────────────┘ - 3-8 - - Candidates may be selected by either moving the cursor to the particular character and press the return key, or just by pressing the number. To manipulate the candidate options, refer to the following function keys: Function Keys Functions ────────────────────────────────── ^F (or →) To move the cursor to the right. ^B (or ←) To move the cursor to the left. ↓ To view the next set of candidates. ↑ To view the previous set of candidates. ^O (or 文节→ key) To extend the length of a word phrase by one character. ^I (or 文节← key) To shorten the length of a word phrase by one character. ^E To move the cursor to the end of converted string OR the end of a series of candidate options. ^A To move the cursor to the beginning of converted string OR beginning of a series of candidate options. ^C (or 前面キ- To execute reverse conversion (from Hanzi back to Pinyin) + ↑arrow key. Do this twice) ^K (or 前面キ- To delete all the converted characters from the + ↑arrow key. cursor position till the end of the input string. Do this twice) (d) Confirmation ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ - To confirm the conversion result, press the confirm key (确定) and the result will be sent to C Shell. The cursor will return to the original position and ready to receive new Pinyin input. - However, if after the conversion is made, user continues to input Pinyin, the the previous converted result will automatically be sent to the C Shell. In this case, user needs not press the confirm key. - 3-9 - (e) An example of multi-phrase conversion using Pinyin (forward conversion) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ This is an example to show the input of a multi-phrase Chinese characters (欢迎使用汉语处理系统) through Pinyin. ┌─────────────────────┬─────────────────────┐ │ User Input │ Screen Display │ ├─────────────────────┼─────────────────────┤ │huan1ying2shi3yong4han4yu3chu4li3xi4tong3 │ Hu帯n幚Y帾ng幚Sh帿幚Y幇ng幚H帳n幚Y幊幚Ch幋幚L帿幚X幀幚T幆ng幚│ │ │ │ │ press convert key (变换) │ 欢迎实用汉语处理系统 │ │ │ │ │ 实用 is not the correct word, hence, │ 欢迎实用汉语处理系统 │ │ use → key to move cursor to the word │ │ │ │ │ │ press convert key (变换) again │ 0.使用 1.适用 2.试用 3.施用 4.实用 │ │ (view further selections) │ 5.食用 │ │ │ │ │ Select the correct word by using arrow │ 0.使用 1.适用 2.试用 3.施用 4.实用 │ │ key or simply type the number │ 5.食用 │ │ │ │ │ press confirm key (确定) │ 欢迎使用汉语处理系统 │ └─────────────────────┴─────────────────────┘ NOTE: Examples on how to use ^I (word segmentation) and ^O are shown in Section 4.4. (f) An example of Hanzi-Pinyin conversion (reverse conversion) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ This is an example to show reverse conversion. A string of Chinese characters 欢迎使用汉语处理系统 are converted back to their respective Pinyin by pressing ^C twice. If ^C is pressed only once, it enters an edit state where more Pinyin input are allowed. ┌─────────────────────┬─────────────────────┐ │ User Input │ Screen Display │ ├─────────────────────┼─────────────────────┤ │ 欢迎使用汉语处理 │ 欢迎使用汉语处理 │ │ │ │ │ press ^C once │ Hu帯n幚Y帾ng幚Sh帾幚Y幇ng幚H帳n幚Y幊幚Ch幋幚L帿幚 │ │ │ │ │ input more Pinyin eg. "xi4tong3" │ Hu帯n幚Y帾ng幚Sh帾幚Y幇ng幚H帳n幚Y幊幚Ch幋幚L帿幚X幀幚T幆ng幚│ │ │ │ │ press conversion (变换) key │ 欢迎使用汉语处理系统 │ │ │ │ │ press ^C twice │ Hu帯n幚Y帾ng幚Sh帾幚Y幇ng幚H帳n幚Y幊幚Ch幋幚L帿幚X幀幚T幆ng幚│ └─────────────────────┴─────────────────────┘ - 3-10 - (f) An example of Pinyin-Zhuyin standardization ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ As mentioned, Pinyin and Zhuyin are standardized in cWnn. The same internal code is used to represent each Chinese pronunciation in Pinyin and Zhuyin. When the user input via Pinyin or Zhuyin, the input string will first be converted to the internal code before any conversion. Hence, both Pinyin or Zhuyin maybe input at the same time. For example, the phrase 今天天气正好. A user may use Pinyin to input this phrase. However, he may forget the the Pinyin for 天气. In this case, he may change the input mode to "注音" (via PF1 in cWnn). All Pinyin input will be converted to Zhuyin at once, and the user may continue his input using Zhuyin. ┌──────────────────────────────┐ │ 全拼: J帺n幚Ti帯n幚 │ └──────────────────────────────┘ ↓ PF1 to toggle to Zhuyin mode ┌──────────────────────────────┐ │ 注音: 幮庣庛幜幨庣庘幜 │ └──────────────────────────────┘ ↓ Continue to input via Zhuyin ┌──────────────────────────────┐ │ 注音: 幮庣庛幜幨庣庘幜幨庣庘幜幯庣幠 │ └──────────────────────────────┘ ↓ PF1 to toggle back to Pinyin mode ┌──────────────────────────────┐ │ 全拼: J帺n幚Ti帯n幚Ti帯n幚Q幀幚 │ └──────────────────────────────┘ ↓ Continue to input via Pinyin ┌──────────────────────────────┐ │ 全拼: J帺n幚Ti帯n幚Ti帯n幚Q幀幚Zh帹ng幚H帲o幚 │ └──────────────────────────────┘ ↓ Press 变换 key to convert ┌──────────────────────────────┐ │ 全拼: 今天天气正好 │ └──────────────────────────────┘ Hence, input mode may be toggled from "全拼" to "注音" via the PF1 function key, and at the same time, the input string remains unchanged. This shows the standardization of Pinyin and Zhuyin. - 3-11 - ┏━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┓ ┃ 3.5 RADICAL INPUT PROCEDURE ┃ ┗━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┛ Input procedure here includes the followings: (a) Input Chinese character via their components at the front-end processor (b) Conversion to Hanzi (c) Selection of candidates (d) Confirmation We will now give an example of the input procedure using Wubi (五笔). For other radical input methods, the procedure will be the same. 1. The Radical Input Process ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ After the startup of cuum, press ^\ to enter into the input environment. The user will be able to see the prompt as shown below, this allow only Pinyin input. ┌──────────────────────────────┐ │ % │ │ 全拼: │ └──────────────────────────────┘ To enter into Wubi mode, press PF2 key. You may follow the function keys given in Section 3.2. You will now see the following: ┌──────────────────────────────┐ │ 五笔: │ └──────────────────────────────┘ (a) Wubi input ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ - Four keys are used to represent each of the components of a chinese character. For example, the character 常 is represented by "ipkh". After entering the four alphabets, the system will automatically convert them to the expected Chinese character. ┌──────────────────────────────┐ │ 五笔: 常 │ └──────────────────────────────┘ - 3-12 - (b) Conversion to Hanzi ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ - After the four component alphabets are entered, the character 常 will be displayed automatically. - If the Chinese character requires less than four keys, the input can be completed by pressing the space bar. For example the character 学 is represented by "ip". Hence we may enter "ip" followed by a space. ┌──────────────────────────────┐ │ 五笔: ip_ │ └──────────────────────────────┘ (c) Selection of candidates ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ - When the user is uncertain of the components of a Chinese character, he can enter "?" or "z" as a wildcard to select all the possible characters. For example, he may know the first two alphabet "ip", but is uncertain of the next two alphabets. In this case he may do this: ┌──────────────────────────────┐ │ 五笔: ip?? │ └──────────────────────────────┘ OR ┌──────────────────────────────┐ │ 五笔: ipzz │ └──────────────────────────────┘ After the four alphabets are entered, the character 常 will be displayed. - To browse through other possible candidates with "ip" as the initial component, press the conversion (变换) key. You will see the following: ┌─────────────────────────────────────┐ │ 五笔: 0.常 1.深 2.溶 3.滓 4.泞 5.滨 6.沈 7.觉 8.沉 8/33 │ └─────────────────────────────────────┘ - 3-13 - - From the above example, there are 33 possible candidates with "ip" as the initial components. Hence to view the next set of candidates, use the followings: Function Keys Functions ────────────────────────────────── ^F (or →) To move the cursor to the right. ^B (or ←) To move the cursor to the left. ↓ To view the next set of candidates. ↑ To view the previous set of candidates. ^E To move the cursor to the end of a series of candidate options. ^A To move the cursor to the beginning of a series of candidate options. ^C (or 前面キ- To execute reverse conversion (from Hanzi back to + ↑arrow key. component alphabets) Do this twice) ^K (or 前面キ- To delete the input character completely. + ↑arrow key) - Four "?" may be entered at one time. In this case, the system will display all characters in the dictioanry. For example, ┌──────────────────────────────┐ │ 五笔: ???? │ └──────────────────────────────┘ You may see the followings: ┌──────────────────────────────┐ │ 五笔: 深 │ └──────────────────────────────┘ "深" is the character with the highet assessment values. Use the conversion (变换) key to browse all other possible candidates. - 3-14 - (d) Confirmation ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ - To confirm the conversion result, press the confirm key (确定) and the result will be sent to C Shell. The cursor will return to the original position and ready to receive new input. - However, if after the conversion is made, user continues to input, the the previous converted result will automatically be sent to the C Shell. In this case, user need not press the confirm key. - 3-15 -