Mercurial > hgbook
annotate en/collab.tex @ 187:b60e2de6dbc3
Add chapter on branch management.
author | Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com> |
---|---|
date | Mon, 16 Apr 2007 14:19:31 -0700 |
parents | 7b812c428074 |
children | 8b599dcca584 |
rev | line source |
---|---|
159
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1 \chapter{Collaborating with other people} |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2 \label{cha:collab} |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3 |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4 As a completely decentralised tool, Mercurial doesn't impose any |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
5 policy on how people ought to work with each other. However, if |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
6 you're new to distributed revision control, it helps to have some |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
7 tools and examples in mind when you're thinking about possible |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
8 workflow models. |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
9 |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
10 \section{Collaboration models} |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
11 |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
12 With a suitably flexible tool, making decisions about workflow is much |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
13 more of a social engineering challenge than a technical one. |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
14 Mercurial imposes few limitations on how you can structure the flow of |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
15 work in a project, so it's up to you and your group to set up and live |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
16 with a model that matches your own particular needs. |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
17 |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
18 \subsection{Factors to keep in mind} |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
19 |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
20 The most important aspect of any model that you must keep in mind is |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
21 how well it matches the needs and capabilities of the people who will |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
22 be using it. This might seem self-evident; even so, you still can't |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
23 afford to forget it for a moment. |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
24 |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
25 I once put together a workflow model that seemed to make perfect sense |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
26 to me, but that caused a considerable amount of consternation and |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
27 strife within my development team. In spite of my attempts to explain |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
28 why we needed a complex set of branches, and how changes ought to flow |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
29 between them, a few team members revolted. Even though they were |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
30 smart people, they didn't want to pay attention to the constraints we |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
31 were operating under, or face the consequences of those constraints in |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
32 the details of the model that I was advocating. |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
33 |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
34 Don't sweep foreseeable social or technical problems under the rug. |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
35 Whatever scheme you put into effect, you should plan for mistakes and |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
36 problem scenarios. Consider adding automated machinery to prevent, or |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
37 quickly recover from, trouble that you can anticipate. As an example, |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
38 if you intend to have a branch with not-for-release changes in it, |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
39 you'd do well to think early about the possibility that someone might |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
40 accidentally merge those changes into a release branch. You could |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
41 avoid this particular problem by writing a hook that prevents changes |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
42 from being merged from an inappropriate branch. |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
43 |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
44 \subsection{Informal anarchy} |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
45 |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
46 I wouldn't suggest an ``anything goes'' approach as something |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
47 sustainable, but it's a model that's easy to grasp, and it works |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
48 perfectly well in a few unusual situations. |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
49 |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
50 As one example, many projects have a loose-knit group of collaborators |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
51 who rarely physically meet each other. Some groups like to overcome |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
52 the isolation of working at a distance by organising occasional |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
53 ``sprints''. In a sprint, a number of people get together in a single |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
54 location (a company's conference room, a hotel meeting room, that kind |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
55 of place) and spend several days more or less locked in there, hacking |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
56 intensely on a handful of projects. |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
57 |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
58 A sprint is the perfect place to use the \hgcmd{serve} command, since |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
59 \hgcmd{serve} does not requires any fancy server infrastructure. You |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
60 can get started with \hgcmd{serve} in moments, by reading |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
61 section~\ref{sec:collab:serve} below. Then simply tell the person |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
62 next to you that you're running a server, send the URL to them in an |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
63 instant message, and you immediately have a quick-turnaround way to |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
64 work together. They can type your URL into their web browser and |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
65 quickly review your changes; or they can pull a bugfix from you and |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
66 verify it; or they can clone a branch containing a new feature and try |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
67 it out. |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
68 |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
69 The charm, and the problem, with doing things in an ad hoc fashion |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
70 like this is that only people who know about your changes, and where |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
71 they are, can see them. Such an informal approach simply doesn't |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
72 scale beyond a handful people, because each individual needs to know |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
73 about $n$ different repositories to pull from. |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
74 |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
75 \subsection{A single central repository} |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
76 |
179
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
77 For smaller projects migrating from a centralised revision control |
159
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
78 tool, perhaps the easiest way to get started is to have changes flow |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
79 through a single shared central repository. This is also the |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
80 most common ``building block'' for more ambitious workflow schemes. |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
81 |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
82 Contributors start by cloning a copy of this repository. They can |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
83 pull changes from it whenever they need to, and some (perhaps all) |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
84 developers have permission to push a change back when they're ready |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
85 for other people to see it. |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
86 |
179
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
87 Under this model, it can still often make sense for people to pull |
159
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
88 changes directly from each other, without going through the central |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
89 repository. Consider a case in which I have a tentative bug fix, but |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
90 I am worried that if I were to publish it to the central repository, |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
91 it might subsequently break everyone else's trees as they pull it. To |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
92 reduce the potential for damage, I can ask you to clone my repository |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
93 into a temporary repository of your own and test it. This lets us put |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
94 off publishing the potentially unsafe change until it has had a little |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
95 testing. |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
96 |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
97 In this kind of scenario, people usually use the \command{ssh} |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
98 protocol to securely push changes to the central repository, as |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
99 documented in section~\ref{sec:collab:ssh}. It's also usual to |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
100 publish a read-only copy of the repository over HTTP using CGI, as in |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
101 section~\ref{sec:collab:cgi}. Publishing over HTTP satisfies the |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
102 needs of people who don't have push access, and those who want to use |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
103 web browsers to browse the repository's history. |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
104 |
179
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
105 \subsection{Working with multiple branches} |
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
106 |
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
107 Projects of any significant size naturally tend to make progress on |
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
108 several fronts simultaneously. In the case of software, it's common |
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
109 for a project to go through periodic official releases. A release |
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
110 might then go into ``maintenance mode'' for a while after its first |
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
111 publication; maintenance releases tend to contain only bug fixes, not |
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
112 new features. In parallel with these maintenance releases, one or |
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
113 more future releases may be under development. People normally use |
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
114 the word ``branch'' to refer to one of these many slightly different |
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
115 directions in which development is proceeding. |
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
116 |
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
117 Mercurial is particularly well suited to managing a number of |
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
118 simultaneous, but not identical, branches. Each ``development |
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
119 direction'' can live in its own central repository, and you can merge |
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
120 changes from one to another as the need arises. Because repositories |
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
121 are independent of each other, unstable changes in a development |
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
122 branch will never affect a stable branch unless someone explicitly |
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
123 merges those changes in. |
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
124 |
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
125 Here's an example of how this can work in practice. Let's say you |
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
126 have one ``main branch'' on a central server. |
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
127 \interaction{branching.init} |
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
128 People clone it, make changes locally, test them, and push them back. |
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
129 |
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
130 Once the main branch reaches a release milestone, you can use the |
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
131 \hgcmd{tag} command to give a permanent name to the milestone |
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
132 revision. |
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
133 \interaction{branching.tag} |
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
134 Let's say some ongoing development occurs on the main branch. |
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
135 \interaction{branching.main} |
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
136 Using the tag that was recorded at the milestone, people who clone |
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
137 that repository at any time in the future can use \hgcmd{update} to |
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
138 get a copy of the working directory exactly as it was when that tagged |
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
139 revision was committed. |
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
140 \interaction{branching.update} |
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
141 |
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
142 In addition, immediately after the main branch is tagged, someone can |
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
143 then clone the main branch on the server to a new ``stable'' branch, |
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
144 also on the server. |
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
145 \interaction{branching.clone} |
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
146 |
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
147 Someone who needs to make a change to the stable branch can then clone |
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
148 \emph{that} repository, make their changes, commit, and push their |
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
149 changes back there. |
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
150 \interaction{branching.stable} |
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
151 Because Mercurial repositories are independent, and Mercurial doesn't |
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
152 move changes around automatically, the stable and main branches are |
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
153 \emph{isolated} from each other. The changes that you made on the |
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
154 main branch don't ``leak'' to the stable branch, and vice versa. |
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
155 |
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
156 You'll often want all of your bugfixes on the stable branch to show up |
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
157 on the main branch, too. Rather than rewrite a bugfix on the main |
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
158 branch, you can simply pull and merge changes from the stable to the |
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
159 main branch, and Mercurial will bring those bugfixes in for you. |
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
160 \interaction{branching.merge} |
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
161 The main branch will still contain changes that are not on the stable |
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
162 branch, but it will also contain all of the bugfixes from the stable |
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
163 branch. The stable branch remains unaffected by these changes. |
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
164 |
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
165 \subsection{Feature branches} |
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
166 |
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
167 For larger projects, an effective way to manage change is to break up |
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
168 a team into smaller groups. Each group has a shared branch of its |
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
169 own, cloned from a single ``master'' branch used by the entire |
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
170 project. People working on an individual branch are typically quite |
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
171 isolated from developments on other branches. |
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
172 |
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
173 \begin{figure}[ht] |
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
174 \centering |
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
175 \grafix{feature-branches} |
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
176 \caption{Feature branches} |
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
177 \label{fig:collab:feature-branches} |
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
178 \end{figure} |
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
179 |
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
180 When a particular feature is deemed to be in suitable shape, someone |
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
181 on that feature team pulls and merges from the master branch into the |
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
182 feature branch, then pushes back up to the master branch. |
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
183 |
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
184 \subsection{The release train} |
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
185 |
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
186 Some projects are organised on a ``train'' basis: a release is |
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
187 scheduled to happen every few months, and whatever features are ready |
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
188 when the ``train'' is ready to leave are allowed in. |
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
189 |
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
190 This model resembles working with feature branches. The difference is |
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
191 that when a feature branch misses a train, someone on the feature team |
184
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
192 pulls and merges the changes that went out on that train release into |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
193 the feature branch, and the team continues its work on top of that |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
194 release so that their feature can make the next release. |
179
5fc4a45c069f
Continue documentation of collaboration models.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
159
diff
changeset
|
195 |
159
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
196 \subsection{The Linux kernel model} |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
197 |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
198 The development of the Linux kernel has a shallow hierarchical |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
199 structure, surrounded by a cloud of apparent chaos. Because most |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
200 Linux developers use \command{git}, a distributed revision control |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
201 tool with capabilities similar to Mercurial, it's useful to describe |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
202 the way work flows in that environment; if you like the ideas, the |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
203 approach translates well across tools. |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
204 |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
205 At the center of the community sits Linus Torvalds, the creator of |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
206 Linux. He publishes a single source repository that is considered the |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
207 ``authoritative'' current tree by the entire developer community. |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
208 Anyone can clone Linus's tree, but he is very choosy about whose trees |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
209 he pulls from. |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
210 |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
211 Linus has a number of ``trusted lieutenants''. As a general rule, he |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
212 pulls whatever changes they publish, in most cases without even |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
213 reviewing those changes. Some of those lieutenants are generally |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
214 agreed to be ``maintainers'', responsible for specific subsystems |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
215 within the kernel. If a random kernel hacker wants to make a change |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
216 to a subsystem that they want to end up in Linus's tree, they must |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
217 find out who the subsystem's maintainer is, and ask that maintainer to |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
218 take their change. If the maintainer reviews their changes and agrees |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
219 to take them, they'll pass them along to Linus in due course. |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
220 |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
221 Individual lieutenants have their own approaches to reviewing, |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
222 accepting, and publishing changes; and for deciding when to feed them |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
223 to Linus. In addition, there are several well known branches that |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
224 people use for different purposes. For example, a few people maintain |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
225 ``stable'' repositories of older versions of the kernel, to which they |
184
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
226 apply critical fixes as needed. Some maintainers publish multiple |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
227 trees: one for experimental changes; one for changes that they are |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
228 about to feed upstream; and so on. Others just publish a single |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
229 tree. |
159
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
230 |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
231 This model has two notable features. The first is that it's ``pull |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
232 only''. You have to ask, convince, or beg another developer to take a |
184
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
233 change from you, because there are almost no trees to which more than |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
234 one person can push, and there's no way to push changes into a tree |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
235 that someone else controls. |
159
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
236 |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
237 The second is that it's based on reputation and acclaim. If you're an |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
238 unknown, Linus will probably ignore changes from you without even |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
239 responding. But a subsystem maintainer will probably review them, and |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
240 will likely take them if they pass their criteria for suitability. |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
241 The more ``good'' changes you contribute to a maintainer, the more |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
242 likely they are to trust your judgment and accept your changes. If |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
243 you're well-known and maintain a long-lived branch for something Linus |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
244 hasn't yet accepted, people with similar interests may pull your |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
245 changes regularly to keep up with your work. |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
246 |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
247 Reputation and acclaim don't necessarily cross subsystem or ``people'' |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
248 boundaries. If you're a respected but specialised storage hacker, and |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
249 you try to fix a networking bug, that change will receive a level of |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
250 scrutiny from a network maintainer comparable to a change from a |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
251 complete stranger. |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
252 |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
253 To people who come from more orderly project backgrounds, the |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
254 comparatively chaotic Linux kernel development process often seems |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
255 completely insane. It's subject to the whims of individuals; people |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
256 make sweeping changes whenever they deem it appropriate; and the pace |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
257 of development is astounding. And yet Linux is a highly successful, |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
258 well-regarded piece of software. |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
259 |
187
b60e2de6dbc3
Add chapter on branch management.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
184
diff
changeset
|
260 \subsection{Pull-only versus shared-push collaboration} |
b60e2de6dbc3
Add chapter on branch management.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
184
diff
changeset
|
261 |
b60e2de6dbc3
Add chapter on branch management.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
184
diff
changeset
|
262 A perpetual source of heat in the open source community is whether a |
b60e2de6dbc3
Add chapter on branch management.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
184
diff
changeset
|
263 development model in which people only ever pull changes from others |
b60e2de6dbc3
Add chapter on branch management.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
184
diff
changeset
|
264 is ``better than'' one in which multiple people can push changes to a |
b60e2de6dbc3
Add chapter on branch management.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
184
diff
changeset
|
265 shared repository. |
b60e2de6dbc3
Add chapter on branch management.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
184
diff
changeset
|
266 |
b60e2de6dbc3
Add chapter on branch management.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
184
diff
changeset
|
267 Typically, the backers of the shared-push model use tools that |
b60e2de6dbc3
Add chapter on branch management.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
184
diff
changeset
|
268 actively enforce this approach. If you're using a centralised |
b60e2de6dbc3
Add chapter on branch management.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
184
diff
changeset
|
269 revision control tool such as Subversion, there's no way to make a |
b60e2de6dbc3
Add chapter on branch management.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
184
diff
changeset
|
270 choice over which model you'll use: the tool gives you shared-push, |
b60e2de6dbc3
Add chapter on branch management.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
184
diff
changeset
|
271 and if you want to do anything else, you'll have to roll your own |
b60e2de6dbc3
Add chapter on branch management.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
184
diff
changeset
|
272 approach on top (such as applying a patch by hand). |
b60e2de6dbc3
Add chapter on branch management.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
184
diff
changeset
|
273 |
b60e2de6dbc3
Add chapter on branch management.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
184
diff
changeset
|
274 A good distributed revision control tool, such as Mercurial, will |
b60e2de6dbc3
Add chapter on branch management.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
184
diff
changeset
|
275 support both models. You and your collaborators can then structure |
b60e2de6dbc3
Add chapter on branch management.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
184
diff
changeset
|
276 how you work together based on your own needs and preferences, not on |
b60e2de6dbc3
Add chapter on branch management.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
184
diff
changeset
|
277 what contortions your tools force you into. |
b60e2de6dbc3
Add chapter on branch management.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
184
diff
changeset
|
278 |
b60e2de6dbc3
Add chapter on branch management.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
184
diff
changeset
|
279 \subsection{Where collaboration meets branch management} |
b60e2de6dbc3
Add chapter on branch management.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
184
diff
changeset
|
280 |
b60e2de6dbc3
Add chapter on branch management.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
184
diff
changeset
|
281 Once you and your team set up some shared repositories and start |
b60e2de6dbc3
Add chapter on branch management.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
184
diff
changeset
|
282 propagating changes back and forth between local and shared repos, you |
b60e2de6dbc3
Add chapter on branch management.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
184
diff
changeset
|
283 begin to face a related, but slightly different challenge: that of |
b60e2de6dbc3
Add chapter on branch management.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
184
diff
changeset
|
284 managing the multiple directions in which your team may be moving at |
b60e2de6dbc3
Add chapter on branch management.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
184
diff
changeset
|
285 once. Even though this subject is intimately related to how your team |
b60e2de6dbc3
Add chapter on branch management.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
184
diff
changeset
|
286 collaborates, it's dense enough to merit treatment of its own, in |
b60e2de6dbc3
Add chapter on branch management.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
184
diff
changeset
|
287 chapter~\ref{chap:branch}. |
b60e2de6dbc3
Add chapter on branch management.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
184
diff
changeset
|
288 |
159
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
289 \section{The technical side of sharing} |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
290 |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
291 \subsection{Informal sharing with \hgcmd{serve}} |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
292 \label{sec:collab:serve} |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
293 |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
294 Mercurial's \hgcmd{serve} command is wonderfully suited to small, |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
295 tight-knit, and fast-paced group environments. It also provides a |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
296 great way to get a feel for using Mercurial commands over a network. |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
297 |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
298 Run \hgcmd{serve} inside a repository, and in under a second it will |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
299 bring up a specialised HTTP server; this will accept connections from |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
300 any client, and serve up data for that repository until you terminate |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
301 it. Anyone who knows the URL of the server you just started, and can |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
302 talk to your computer over the network, can then use a web browser or |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
303 Mercurial to read data from that repository. A URL for a |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
304 \hgcmd{serve} instance running on a laptop is likely to look something |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
305 like \Verb|http://my-laptop.local:8000/|. |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
306 |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
307 The \hgcmd{serve} command is \emph{not} a general-purpose web server. |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
308 It can do only two things: |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
309 \begin{itemize} |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
310 \item Allow people to browse the history of the repository it's |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
311 serving, from their normal web browsers. |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
312 \item Speak Mercurial's wire protocol, so that people can |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
313 \hgcmd{clone} or \hgcmd{pull} changes from that repository. |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
314 \end{itemize} |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
315 In particular, \hgcmd{serve} won't allow remote users to \emph{modify} |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
316 your repository. It's intended for read-only use. |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
317 |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
318 If you're getting started with Mercurial, there's nothing to prevent |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
319 you from using \hgcmd{serve} to serve up a repository on your own |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
320 computer, then use commands like \hgcmd{clone}, \hgcmd{incoming}, and |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
321 so on to talk to that server as if the repository was hosted remotely. |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
322 This can help you to quickly get acquainted with using commands on |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
323 network-hosted repositories. |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
324 |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
325 \subsubsection{A few things to keep in mind} |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
326 |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
327 Because it provides unauthenticated read access to all clients, you |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
328 should only use \hgcmd{serve} in an environment where you either don't |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
329 care, or have complete control over, who can access your network and |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
330 pull data from your repository. |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
331 |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
332 The \hgcmd{serve} command knows nothing about any firewall software |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
333 you might have installed on your system or network. It cannot detect |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
334 or control your firewall software. If other people are unable to talk |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
335 to a running \hgcmd{serve} instance, the second thing you should do |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
336 (\emph{after} you make sure that they're using the correct URL) is |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
337 check your firewall configuration. |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
338 |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
339 By default, \hgcmd{serve} listens for incoming connections on |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
340 port~8000. If another process is already listening on the port you |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
341 want to use, you can specify a different port to listen on using the |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
342 \hgopt{serve}{-p} option. |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
343 |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
344 Normally, when \hgcmd{serve} starts, it prints no output, which can be |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
345 a bit unnerving. If you'd like to confirm that it is indeed running |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
346 correctly, and find out what URL you should send to your |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
347 collaborators, start it with the \hggopt{-v} option. |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
348 |
184
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
349 \subsection{Using the Secure Shell (ssh) protocol} |
159
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
350 \label{sec:collab:ssh} |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
351 |
184
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
352 You can pull and push changes securely over a network connection using |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
353 the Secure Shell (\texttt{ssh}) protocol. To use this successfully, |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
354 you may have to do a little bit of configuration on the client or |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
355 server sides. |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
356 |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
357 If you're not familiar with ssh, it's a network protocol that lets you |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
358 securely communicate with another computer. To use it with Mercurial, |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
359 you'll be setting up one or more user accounts on a server so that |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
360 remote users can log in and execute commands. |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
361 |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
362 (If you \emph{are} familiar with ssh, you'll probably find some of the |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
363 material that follows to be elementary in nature.) |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
364 |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
365 \subsubsection{How to read and write ssh URLs} |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
366 |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
367 An ssh URL tends to look like this: |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
368 \begin{codesample2} |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
369 ssh://bos@hg.serpentine.com:22/hg/hgbook |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
370 \end{codesample2} |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
371 \begin{enumerate} |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
372 \item The ``\texttt{ssh://}'' part tells Mercurial to use the ssh |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
373 protocol. |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
374 \item The ``\texttt{bos@}'' component indicates what username to log |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
375 into the server as. You can leave this out if the remote username |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
376 is the same as your local username. |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
377 \item The ``\texttt{hg.serpentine.com}'' gives the hostname of the |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
378 server to log into. |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
379 \item The ``:22'' identifies the port number to connect to the server |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
380 on. The default port is~22, so you only need to specify this part |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
381 if you're \emph{not} using port~22. |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
382 \item The remainder of the URL is the local path to the repository on |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
383 the server. |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
384 \end{enumerate} |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
385 |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
386 There's plenty of scope for confusion with the path component of ssh |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
387 URLs, as there is no standard way for tools to interpret it. Some |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
388 programs behave differently than others when dealing with these paths. |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
389 This isn't an ideal situation, but it's unlikely to change. Please |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
390 read the following paragraphs carefully. |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
391 |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
392 Mercurial treats the path to a repository on the server as relative to |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
393 the remote user's home directory. For example, if user \texttt{foo} |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
394 on the server has a home directory of \dirname{/home/foo}, then an ssh |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
395 URL that contains a path component of \dirname{bar} |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
396 \emph{really} refers to the directory \dirname{/home/foo/bar}. |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
397 |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
398 If you want to specify a path relative to another user's home |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
399 directory, you can use a path that starts with a tilde character |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
400 followed by the user's name (let's call them \texttt{otheruser}), like |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
401 this. |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
402 \begin{codesample2} |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
403 ssh://server/~otheruser/hg/repo |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
404 \end{codesample2} |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
405 |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
406 And if you really want to specify an \emph{absolute} path on the |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
407 server, begin the path component with two slashes, as in this example. |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
408 \begin{codesample2} |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
409 ssh://server//absolute/path |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
410 \end{codesample2} |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
411 |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
412 \subsubsection{Finding an ssh client for your system} |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
413 |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
414 Almost every Unix-like system comes with OpenSSH preinstalled. If |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
415 you're using such a system, run \Verb|which ssh| to find out if |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
416 the \command{ssh} command is installed (it's usually in |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
417 \dirname{/usr/bin}). In the unlikely event that it isn't present, |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
418 take a look at your system documentation to figure out how to install |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
419 it. |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
420 |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
421 On Windows, you'll first need to choose download a suitable ssh |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
422 client. There are two alternatives. |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
423 \begin{itemize} |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
424 \item Simon Tatham's excellent PuTTY package~\cite{web:putty} provides |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
425 a complete suite of ssh client commands. |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
426 \item If you have a high tolerance for pain, you can use the Cygwin |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
427 port of OpenSSH. |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
428 \end{itemize} |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
429 In either case, you'll need to edit your \hgini\ file to tell |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
430 Mercurial where to find the actual client command. For example, if |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
431 you're using PuTTY, you'll need to use the \command{plink} command as |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
432 a command-line ssh client. |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
433 \begin{codesample2} |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
434 [ui] |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
435 ssh = C:/path/to/plink.exe -ssh -i "C:/path/to/my/private/key" |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
436 \end{codesample2} |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
437 |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
438 \begin{note} |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
439 The path to \command{plink} shouldn't contain any whitespace |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
440 characters, or Mercurial may not be able to run it correctly (so |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
441 putting it in \dirname{C:\\Program Files} is probably not be a good |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
442 idea). |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
443 \end{note} |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
444 |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
445 \subsubsection{Generating a key pair} |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
446 |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
447 To avoid the need to repetitively type a password every time you need |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
448 to use your ssh client, I recommend generating a key pair. On a |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
449 Unix-like system, the \command{ssh-keygen} command will do the trick. |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
450 On Windows, if you're using PuTTY, the \command{puttygen} command is |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
451 what you'll need. |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
452 |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
453 When you generate a key pair, it's usually \emph{highly} advisable to |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
454 protect it with a passphrase. (The only time that you might not want |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
455 to do this id when you're using the ssh protocol for automated tasks |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
456 on a secure network.) |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
457 |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
458 Simply generating a key pair isn't enough, however. You'll need to |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
459 add the public key to the set of authorised keys for whatever user |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
460 you're logging in remotely as. For servers using OpenSSH (the vast |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
461 majority), this will mean adding the public key to a list in a file |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
462 called \sfilename{authorized\_keys} in their \sdirname{.ssh} |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
463 directory. |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
464 |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
465 On a Unix-like system, your public key will have a \filename{.pub} |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
466 extension. If you're using \command{puttygen} on Windows, you can |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
467 save the public key to a file of your choosing, or paste it from the |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
468 window it's displayed in straight into the |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
469 \sfilename{authorized\_keys} file. |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
470 |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
471 \subsubsection{Using an authentication agent} |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
472 |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
473 An authentication agent is a daemon that stores passphrases in memory |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
474 (so it will forget passphrases if you log out and log back in again). |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
475 An ssh client will notice if it's running, and query it for a |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
476 passphrase. If there's no authentication agent running, or the agent |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
477 doesn't store the necessary passphrase, you'll have to type your |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
478 passphrase every time Mercurial tries to communicate with a server on |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
479 your behalf (e.g.~whenever you pull or push changes). |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
480 |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
481 The downside of storing passphrases in an agent is that it's possible |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
482 for a well-prepared attacker to recover the plain text of your |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
483 passphrases, in some cases even if your system has been power-cycled. |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
484 You should make your own judgment as to whether this is an acceptable |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
485 risk. It certainly saves a lot of repeated typing. |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
486 |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
487 On Unix-like systems, the agent is called \command{ssh-agent}, and |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
488 it's often run automatically for you when you log in. You'll need to |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
489 use the \command{ssh-add} command to add passphrases to the agent's |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
490 store. On Windows, if you're using PuTTY, the \command{pageant} |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
491 command acts as the agent. It adds an icon to your system tray that |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
492 will let you manage stored passphrases. |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
493 |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
494 \subsubsection{Configuring the server side properly} |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
495 |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
496 Because ssh can be fiddly to set up if you're new to it, there's a |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
497 variety of things that can go wrong. Add Mercurial on top, and |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
498 there's plenty more scope for head-scratching. Most of these |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
499 potential problems occur on the server side, not the client side. The |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
500 good news is that once you've gotten a configuration working, it will |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
501 usually continue to work indefinitely. |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
502 |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
503 Before you try using Mercurial to talk to an ssh server, it's best to |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
504 make sure that you can use the normal \command{ssh} or \command{putty} |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
505 command to talk to the server first. If you run into problems with |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
506 using these commands directly, Mercurial surely won't work. Worse, it |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
507 will obscure the underlying problem. Any time you want to debug |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
508 ssh-related Mercurial problems, you should drop back to making sure |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
509 that plain ssh client commands work first, \emph{before} you worry |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
510 about whether there's a problem with Mercurial. |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
511 |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
512 The first thing to be sure of on the server side is that you can |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
513 actually log in from another machine at all. If you can't use |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
514 \command{ssh} or \command{putty} to log in, the error message you get |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
515 may give you a few hints as to what's wrong. The most common problems |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
516 are as follows. |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
517 \begin{itemize} |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
518 \item If you get a ``connection refused'' error, either there isn't an |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
519 SSH daemon running on the server at all, or it's inaccessible due to |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
520 firewall configuration. |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
521 \item If you get a ``no route to host'' error, you either have an |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
522 incorrect address for the server or a seriously locked down firewall |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
523 that won't admit its existence at all. |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
524 \item If you get a ``permission denied'' error, you may have mistyped |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
525 the username on the server, or you could have mistyped your key's |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
526 passphrase or the remote user's password. |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
527 \end{itemize} |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
528 In summary, if you're having trouble talking to the server's ssh |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
529 daemon, first make sure that one is running at all. On many systems |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
530 it will be installed, but disabled, by default. Once you're done with |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
531 this step, you should then check that the server's firewall is |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
532 configured to allow incoming connections on the port the ssh daemon is |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
533 listening on (usually~22). Don't worry about more exotic |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
534 possibilities for misconfiguration until you've checked these two |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
535 first. |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
536 |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
537 If you're using an authentication agent on the client side to store |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
538 passphrases for your keys, you ought to be able to log into the server |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
539 without being prompted for a passphrase or a password. If you're |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
540 prompted for a passphrase, there are a few possible culprits. |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
541 \begin{itemize} |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
542 \item You might have forgotten to use \command{ssh-add} or |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
543 \command{pageant} to store the passphrase. |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
544 \item You might have stored the passphrase for the wrong key. |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
545 \end{itemize} |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
546 If you're being prompted for the remote user's password, there are |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
547 another few possible problems to check. |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
548 \begin{itemize} |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
549 \item Either the user's home directory or their \sdirname{.ssh} |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
550 directory might have excessively liberal permissions. As a result, |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
551 the ssh daemon will not trust or read their |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
552 \sfilename{authorized\_keys} file. For example, a group-writable |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
553 home or \sdirname{.ssh} directory will often cause this symptom. |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
554 \item The user's \sfilename{authorized\_keys} file may have a problem. |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
555 If anyone other than the user owns or can write to that file, the |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
556 ssh daemon will not trust or read it. |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
557 \end{itemize} |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
558 |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
559 In the ideal world, you should be able to run the following command |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
560 successfully, and it should print exactly one line of output, the |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
561 current date and time. |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
562 \begin{codesample2} |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
563 ssh myserver date |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
564 \end{codesample2} |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
565 |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
566 If on your server you have login scripts that print banners or other |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
567 junk even when running non-interactive commands like this, you should |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
568 fix them before you continue, so that they only print output if |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
569 they're run interactively. Otherwise these banners will at least |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
570 clutter up Mercurial's output. Worse, they could potentially cause |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
571 problems with running Mercurial commands remotely. (The usual way to |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
572 see if a login script is running in an interactive shell is to check |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
573 the return code from the command \Verb|tty -s|.) |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
574 |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
575 Once you've verified that plain old ssh is working with your server, |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
576 the next step is to ensure that Mercurial runs on the server. The |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
577 following command should run successfully: |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
578 \begin{codesample2} |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
579 ssh myserver hg version |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
580 \end{codesample2} |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
581 If you see an error message instead of normal \hgcmd{version} output, |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
582 this is usually because you haven't installed Mercurial to |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
583 \dirname{/usr/bin}. Don't worry if this is the case; you don't need |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
584 to do that. But you should check for a few possible problems. |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
585 \begin{itemize} |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
586 \item Is Mercurial really installed on the server at all? I know this |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
587 sounds trivial, but it's worth checking! |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
588 \item Maybe your shell's search path (usually set via the \envar{PATH} |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
589 environment variable) is simply misconfigured. |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
590 \item Perhaps your \envar{PATH} environment variable is only being set |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
591 to point to the location of the \command{hg} executable if the login |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
592 session is interactive. This can happen if you're setting the path |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
593 in the wrong shell login script. See your shell's documentation for |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
594 details. |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
595 \item The \envar{PYTHONPATH} environment variable may need to contain |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
596 the path to the Mercurial Python modules. It might not be set at |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
597 all; it could be incorrect; or it may be set only if the login is |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
598 interactive. |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
599 \end{itemize} |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
600 |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
601 If you can run \hgcmd{version} over an ssh connection, well done! |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
602 You've got the server and client sorted out. You should now be able |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
603 to use Mercurial to access repositories hosted by that username on |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
604 that server. If you run into problems with Mercurial and ssh at this |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
605 point, try using the \hggopt{--debug} option to get a clearer picture |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
606 of what's going on. |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
607 |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
608 \subsubsection{Using compression with ssh} |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
609 |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
610 Mercurial does not compress data when it uses the ssh protocol, |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
611 because the ssh protocol can transparently compress data. However, |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
612 the default behaviour of ssh clients is \emph{not} to request |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
613 compression. |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
614 |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
615 Over any network other than a fast LAN (even a wireless network), |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
616 using compression is likely to significantly speed up Mercurial's |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
617 network operations. For example, over a WAN, someone measured |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
618 compression as reducing the amount of time required to clone a |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
619 particularly large repository from~51 minutes to~17 minutes. |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
620 |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
621 Both \command{ssh} and \command{plink} accept a \cmdopt{ssh}{-C} |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
622 option which turns on compression. You can easily edit your \hgrc\ to |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
623 enable compression for all of Mercurial's uses of the ssh protocol. |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
624 \begin{codesample2} |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
625 [ui] |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
626 ssh = ssh -C |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
627 \end{codesample2} |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
628 |
7b812c428074
Document the ssh protocol, URL syntax, and configuration.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
179
diff
changeset
|
629 \subsection{Serving over HTTP with a CGI script} |
159
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
630 \label{sec:collab:cgi} |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
631 |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
632 |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
633 |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
634 %%% Local Variables: |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
635 %%% mode: latex |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
636 %%% TeX-master: "00book" |
7355af913937
First steps on collaboration chapter.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
637 %%% End: |