comparison po/zh.po @ 766:3b33dd6aba87

Merge with http://hg.serpentine.com/mercurial/book

765:d8c85d831fb4

# ...
#
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: hgbook 1.2\n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-03-31 10:46+0800\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2009-03-31 10:12+0800\n"
"Last-Translator: \n"
"Language-Team: Simplified Chinese <[e-mail] >\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"

#. type: Content of: <book><subtitle>
#: ../en/00book.xml:46
msgid "Compiled from $rev_id$"
msgstr "编译自 $rev_id$"

#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><authorgroup><author><firstname>
#: ../en/00book.xml:50
msgid "Bryan"
msgstr "Bryan"

#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><authorgroup><author><surname>
#: ../en/00book.xml:51
msgid "O'Sullivan"
msgstr "O'Sullivan"

#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo>
#: ../en/00book.xml:55
msgid ""
"<editor> <firstname>Mike</firstname> <surname>Loukides</surname> </editor> "
"<copyright> <year>2006</year> <year>2007</year> <year>2008</year> <year>2009</"
"year> <holder>Bryan O'Sullivan</holder> </copyright>"
msgstr ""

"\"hg-cmd\">hg help mq</command>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:14
msgid "<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qapplied</command>—print applied patches"
msgstr "<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qapplied</command>—显示已应用的补丁"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:17

"the last patch in the list is the <quote>top</quote> patch."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:24
msgid ""
"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qcommit</command>—commit changes in the queue "
"repository"
msgstr "<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qcommit</command>—提交队列中的修改"

"patches</command>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:43
msgid ""
"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qdelete</command>—delete a patch from the "
"<filename role=\"special\">series</filename> file"
msgstr ""
"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qdelete</command>—从文件 <filename role=\"special"

"<option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qdel-opt\">-f</option>: Delete the patch file."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:66
msgid ""
"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qdiff</command>—print a diff of the topmost "
"applied patch"
msgstr "<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qdiff</command>—显示最新应用补丁的差异"

"r-2:-1</command>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:75
msgid ""
"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qfold</command>—merge (<quote>fold</quote>) "
"several patches into one"
msgstr ""
"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qfold</command>—将多个补丁合并(<quote>折叠</"

"the new commit message and patch description for the folded patch."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:119
msgid ""
"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qheader</command>—display the header/description "
"of a patch"
msgstr "<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qheader</command>—显示补丁头部描述"

"applied patch. Given an argument, it prints the header of the named patch."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:130
msgid ""
"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qimport</command>—import a third-party patch into "
"the queue"
msgstr "<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qimport</command>—将第三方补丁导入队列"

"imported patch."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:149
msgid ""
"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qinit</command>—prepare a repository to work with "
"MQ"
msgstr "<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qinit</command>—为使用 MQ 配置版本库"

"automatically <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg add</command> new patches."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:178
msgid "<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qnew</command>—create a new patch"
msgstr "<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qnew</command>—创建新补丁"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:181

"file, before the patch data."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:215
msgid ""
"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qnext</command>—print the name of the next patch"
msgstr "<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qnext</command>—显示下个补丁的名称"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>

"patch if you run <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpush</command>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:227
msgid "<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpop</command>—pop patches off the stack"
msgstr "<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpop</command>—删除堆栈顶部的补丁"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:230

"patch that it pops."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:288
msgid ""
"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qprev</command>—print the name of the previous "
"patch"
msgstr "<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qprev</command>—显示上个补丁的名称"

"if you run <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpop</command>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:300
msgid "<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpush</command>—push patches onto the stack"
msgstr "<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpush</command>—增加补丁到堆栈"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:303

"patch that it pushes."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:368
msgid ""
"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qrefresh</command>—update the topmost applied "
"patch"
msgstr "<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qrefresh</command>—更新最新的补丁"

"message and patch description, using text from the given file."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:424
msgid "<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qrename</command>—rename a patch"
msgstr "<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qrename</command>—改名补丁"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:427

"to its second."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:438
msgid "<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qrestore</command>—restore saved queue state"
msgstr "<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qrestore</command>—恢复保存的队列"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:442
msgid "XXX No idea what this does."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:446
msgid "<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qsave</command>—save current queue state"
msgstr "<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qsave</command>—保存当前的队列状态"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:449
msgid "XXX Likewise."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:453
msgid ""
"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qseries</command>—print the entire patch series"
msgstr "<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qseries</command>—显示补丁序列"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>

"from first to be applied to last."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:464
msgid ""
"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qtop</command>—print the name of the current patch"
msgstr "<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qtop</command>—显示当前补丁的名称"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>

"currently applied patch."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:472
msgid ""
"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qunapplied</command>—print patches not yet applied"
msgstr "<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qunapplied</command>—显示尚未应用的补丁"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>

"be pushed to the last."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:484
msgid ""
"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg strip</command>—remove a revision and descendants"
msgstr "<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg strip</command>—删除一个版本及其后继"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>

msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:71
msgid ""
"Most of these reasons are equally valid---at least in theory---whether you're "
"working on a project by yourself, or with a hundred other people."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:75
msgid ""
"A key question about the practicality of revision control at these two "
"different scales (<quote>lone hacker</quote> and <quote>huge team</quote>) is "
"how its <emphasis>benefits</emphasis> compare to its <emphasis>costs</"
"emphasis>.  A revision control tool that's difficult to understand or use is "
"going to impose a high cost."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:83
msgid ""
"A five-hundred-person project is likely to collapse under its own weight "
"almost immediately without a revision control tool and process. In this case, "
"the cost of using revision control might hardly seem worth considering, since "
"<emphasis>without</emphasis> it, failure is almost guaranteed."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:90
msgid ""
"On the other hand, a one-person <quote>quick hack</quote> might seem like a "
"poor place to use a revision control tool, because surely the cost of using "
"one must be close to the overall cost of the project.  Right?"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:95
msgid ""
"Mercurial uniquely supports <emphasis>both</emphasis> of these scales of "
"development.  You can learn the basics in just a few minutes, and due to its "
"low overhead, you can apply revision control to the smallest of projects with "
"ease.  Its simplicity means you won't have a lot of abstruse concepts or "

"performance and peer-to-peer nature let you scale painlessly to handle large "
"projects."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:105
msgid ""
"No revision control tool can rescue a poorly run project, but a good choice "
"of tools can make a huge difference to the fluidity with which you can work "
"on a project."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:112
msgid "The many names of revision control"
msgstr "版本控制的别名"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:114
msgid ""
"Revision control is a diverse field, so much so that it is referred to by "
"many names and acronyms.  Here are a few of the more common variations you'll "
"encounter:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:118
msgid "Revision control (RCS)"
msgstr "版本控制(RCS)"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:119
msgid "Software configuration management (SCM), or configuration management"
msgstr "软件配置管理(SCM)，或配置管理"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:121
msgid "Source code management"
msgstr "源代码管理"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:122
msgid "Source code control, or source control"
msgstr "源代码控制，或源控制"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:124
msgid "Version control (VCS)"
msgstr "版本控制(VCS)"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:126
msgid ""
"Some people claim that these terms actually have different meanings, but in "
"practice they overlap so much that there's no agreed or even useful way to "
"tease them apart."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:134
msgid "This book is a work in progress"
msgstr "本书正在编写中"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:136
msgid ""
"I am releasing this book while I am still writing it, in the hope that it "
"will prove useful to others.  I am writing under an open license in the hope "
"that you, my readers, will contribute feedback and perhaps content of your "
"own."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:143
msgid "About the examples in this book"
msgstr "本书的例子"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:145
msgid ""
"This book takes an unusual approach to code samples.  Every example is "
"<quote>live</quote>---each one is actually the result of a shell script that "
"executes the Mercurial commands you see.  Every time an image of the book is "
"built from its sources, all the example scripts are automatically run, and "
"their current results compared against their expected results."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:152
msgid ""
"The advantage of this approach is that the examples are always accurate; they "
"describe <emphasis>exactly</emphasis> the behaviour of the version of "
"Mercurial that's mentioned at the front of the book.  If I update the version "
"of Mercurial that I'm documenting, and the output of some command changes, "
"the build fails."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:159
msgid ""
"There is a small disadvantage to this approach, which is that the dates and "
"times you'll see in examples tend to be <quote>squashed</quote> together in a "
"way that they wouldn't be if the same commands were being typed by a human.  "
"Where a human can issue no more than one command every few seconds, with any "
"resulting timestamps correspondingly spread out, my automated example scripts "
"run many commands in one second."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:167
msgid ""
"As an instance of this, several consecutive commits in an example can show up "
"as having occurred during the same second.  You can see this occur in the "
"<literal role=\"hg-ext\">bisect</literal> example in <xref linkend=\"sec:undo:"
"bisect\"/>, for instance."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:173
msgid ""
"So when you're reading examples, don't place too much weight on the dates or "
"times you see in the output of commands.  But <emphasis>do</emphasis> be "
"confident that the behaviour you're seeing is consistent and reproducible."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:181
msgid "Trends in the field"
msgstr "版本控制的发展趋势"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:183
msgid ""
"There has been an unmistakable trend in the development and use of revision "
"control tools over the past four decades, as people have become familiar with "
"the capabilities of their tools and constrained by their limitations."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:188
msgid ""
"The first generation began by managing single files on individual computers.  "
"Although these tools represented a huge advance over ad-hoc manual revision "
"control, their locking model and reliance on a single computer limited them "
"to small, tightly-knit teams."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:194
msgid ""
"The second generation loosened these constraints by moving to network-"
"centered architectures, and managing entire projects at a time.  As projects "
"grew larger, they ran into new problems.  With clients needing to talk to "
"servers very frequently, server scaling became an issue for large projects.  "

"found that they could not use the tools to interact with a project in a "
"natural way, as they could not record their changes."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:206
msgid ""
"The current generation of revision control tools is peer-to-peer in nature.  "
"All of these systems have dropped the dependency on a single central server, "
"and allow people to distribute their revision control data to where it's "
"actually needed.  Collaboration over the Internet has moved from constrained "

"offline indefinitely and autonomously, with a network connection only needed "
"when syncing changes with another repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:218
msgid "A few of the advantages of distributed revision control"
msgstr "分布版本控制的优点"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:221
msgid ""
"Even though distributed revision control tools have for several years been as "
"robust and usable as their previous-generation counterparts, people using "
"older tools have not yet necessarily woken up to their advantages.  There are "
"a number of ways in which distributed tools shine relative to centralised "
"ones."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:228
msgid ""
"For an individual developer, distributed tools are almost always much faster "
"than centralised tools.  This is for a simple reason: a centralised tool "
"needs to talk over the network for many common operations, because most "
"metadata is stored in a single copy on the central server.  A distributed "

"value of a snappy, responsive tool: you're going to spend a lot of time "
"interacting with your revision control software."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:239
msgid ""
"Distributed tools are indifferent to the vagaries of your server "
"infrastructure, again because they replicate metadata to so many locations.  "
"If you use a centralised system and your server catches fire, you'd better "
"hope that your backup media are reliable, and that your last backup was "
"recent and actually worked.  With a distributed tool, you have many backups "
"available on every contributor's computer."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:247
msgid ""
"The reliability of your network will affect distributed tools far less than "
"it will centralised tools.  You can't even use a centralised tool without a "
"network connection, except for a few highly constrained commands.  With a "
"distributed tool, if your network connection goes down while you're working, "

"with local operations.  If you have a far-flung team of collaborators, this "
"may be significant."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:258
msgid "Advantages for open source projects"
msgstr "开源项目的优点"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:260
msgid ""
"If you take a shine to an open source project and decide that you would like "
"to start hacking on it, and that project uses a distributed revision control "
"tool, you are at once a peer with the people who consider themselves the "
"<quote>core</quote> of that project.  If they publish their repositories, you "

"local modifications will be at risk of corruption any time you try to update "
"your client's view of the repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:276
msgid "The forking non-problem"
msgstr "分叉不是问题"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:278
msgid ""
"It has been suggested that distributed revision control tools pose some sort "
"of risk to open source projects because they make it easy to <quote>fork</"
"quote> the development of a project.  A fork happens when there are "
"differences in opinion or attitude between groups of developers that cause "

"more or less complete copy of the project's source code, and goes off in its "
"own direction."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:288
msgid ""
"Sometimes the camps in a fork decide to reconcile their differences. With a "
"centralised revision control system, the <emphasis>technical</emphasis> "
"process of reconciliation is painful, and has to be performed largely by "
"hand.  You have to decide whose revision history is going to <quote>win</"
"quote>, and graft the other team's changes into the tree somehow. This "
"usually loses some or all of one side's revision history."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:297
msgid ""
"What distributed tools do with respect to forking is they make forking the "
"<emphasis>only</emphasis> way to develop a project.  Every single change that "
"you make is potentially a fork point.  The great strength of this approach is "
"that a distributed revision control tool has to be really good at "
"<emphasis>merging</emphasis> forks, because forks are absolutely fundamental: "
"they happen all the time."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:306
msgid ""
"If every piece of work that everybody does, all the time, is framed in terms "
"of forking and merging, then what the open source world refers to as a "
"<quote>fork</quote> becomes <emphasis>purely</emphasis> a social issue.  If "
"anything, distributed tools <emphasis>lower</emphasis> the likelihood of a "
"fork:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:313
msgid ""
"They eliminate the social distinction that centralised tools impose: that "
"between insiders (people with commit access) and outsiders (people without)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:317
msgid ""
"They make it easier to reconcile after a social fork, because all that's "
"involved from the perspective of the revision control software is just "
"another merge."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:322
msgid ""
"Some people resist distributed tools because they want to retain tight "
"control over their projects, and they believe that centralised tools give "
"them this control.  However, if you're of this belief, and you publish your "
"CVS or Subversion repositories publicly, there are plenty of tools available "

"illusory, you are forgoing the ability to fluidly collaborate with whatever "
"people feel compelled to mirror and fork your history."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:337
msgid "Advantages for commercial projects"
msgstr "商业项目的优点"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:339
msgid ""
"Many commercial projects are undertaken by teams that are scattered across "
"the globe.  Contributors who are far from a central server will see slower "
"command execution and perhaps less reliability.  Commercial revision control "
"systems attempt to ameliorate these problems with remote-site replication add-"

"site, so that there's no redundant communication between repositories over "
"expensive long-haul network links."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:351
msgid ""
"Centralised revision control systems tend to have relatively low "
"scalability.  It's not unusual for an expensive centralised system to fall "
"over under the combined load of just a few dozen concurrent users.  Once "
"again, the typical response tends to be an expensive and clunky replication "
"facility.  Since the load on a central server---if you have one at all---is "
"many times lower with a distributed tool (because all of the data is "
"replicated everywhere), a single cheap server can handle the needs of a much "
"larger team, and replication to balance load becomes a simple matter of "
"scripting."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:363
msgid ""
"If you have an employee in the field, troubleshooting a problem at a "
"customer's site, they'll benefit from distributed revision control. The tool "
"will let them generate custom builds, try different fixes in isolation from "
"each other, and search efficiently through history for the sources of bugs "
"and regressions in the customer's environment, all without needing to connect "
"to your company's network."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:374
msgid "Why choose Mercurial?"
msgstr "为什么选择 Mercurial?"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:376
msgid ""
"Mercurial has a unique set of properties that make it a particularly good "
"choice as a revision control system."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:379
msgid "It is easy to learn and use."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:380
msgid "It is lightweight."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:381
msgid "It scales excellently."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:382
msgid "It is easy to customise."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:385
msgid ""
"If you are at all familiar with revision control systems, you should be able "
"to get up and running with Mercurial in less than five minutes.  Even if not, "
"it will take no more than a few minutes longer.  Mercurial's command and "
"feature sets are generally uniform and consistent, so you can keep track of a "
"few general rules instead of a host of exceptions."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:392
msgid ""
"On a small project, you can start working with Mercurial in moments. Creating "
"new changes and branches; transferring changes around (whether locally or "
"over a network); and history and status operations are all fast.  Mercurial "
"attempts to stay nimble and largely out of your way by combining low "
"cognitive overhead with blazingly fast operations."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:399
msgid ""
"The usefulness of Mercurial is not limited to small projects: it is used by "
"projects with hundreds to thousands of contributors, each containing tens of "
"thousands of files and hundreds of megabytes of source code."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:404
msgid ""
"If the core functionality of Mercurial is not enough for you, it's easy to "
"build on.  Mercurial is well suited to scripting tasks, and its clean "
"internals and implementation in Python make it easy to add features in the "
"form of extensions.  There are a number of popular and useful extensions "
"already available, ranging from helping to identify bugs to improving "
"performance."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:414
msgid "Mercurial compared with other tools"
msgstr "Mercurial 与其它工具的比较"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:416
msgid ""
"Before you read on, please understand that this section necessarily reflects "
"my own experiences, interests, and (dare I say it) biases.  I have used every "
"one of the revision control tools listed below, in most cases for several "
"years at a time."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:424 ../en/ch00-preface.xml:635
msgid "Subversion"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:426
msgid ""
"Subversion is a popular revision control tool, developed to replace CVS.  It "
"has a centralised client/server architecture."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:430
msgid ""
"Subversion and Mercurial have similarly named commands for performing the "
"same operations, so if you're familiar with one, it is easy to learn to use "
"the other.  Both tools are portable to all popular operating systems."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:435
msgid ""
"Prior to version 1.5, Subversion had no useful support for merges. At the "
"time of writing, its merge tracking capability is new, and known to be <ulink "
"url=\"http://svnbook.red-bean.com/nightly/en/svn.branchmerge.advanced."
"html#svn.branchmerge.advanced.finalword\">complicated and buggy</ulink>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:441
msgid ""
"Mercurial has a substantial performance advantage over Subversion on every "
"revision control operation I have benchmarked.  I have measured its advantage "
"as ranging from a factor of two to a factor of six when compared with "
"Subversion 1.4.3's <emphasis>ra_local</emphasis> file store, which is the "

"Subversion does not have useful replication facilities, server capacity and "
"network bandwidth become bottlenecks for modestly large projects."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:454
msgid ""
"Additionally, Subversion incurs substantial storage overhead to avoid network "
"transactions for a few common operations, such as finding modified files "
"(<literal>status</literal>) and displaying modifications against the current "
"revision (<literal>diff</literal>).  As a result, a Subversion working copy "

"directory, even though the Mercurial repository contains a complete history "
"of the project."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:464
msgid ""
"Subversion is widely supported by third party tools.  Mercurial currently "
"lags considerably in this area.  This gap is closing, however, and indeed "
"some of Mercurial's GUI tools now outshine their Subversion equivalents.  "
"Like Mercurial, Subversion has an excellent user manual."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:470
msgid ""
"Because Subversion doesn't store revision history on the client, it is well "
"suited to managing projects that deal with lots of large, opaque binary "
"files.  If you check in fifty revisions to an incompressible 10MB file, "
"Subversion's client-side space usage stays constant The space used by any "
"distributed SCM will grow rapidly in proportion to the number of revisions, "
"because the differences between each revision are large."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:479
msgid ""
"In addition, it's often difficult or, more usually, impossible to merge "
"different versions of a binary file.  Subversion's ability to let a user lock "
"a file, so that they temporarily have the exclusive right to commit changes "
"to it, can be a significant advantage to a project where binary files are "
"widely used."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:486
msgid ""
"Mercurial can import revision history from a Subversion repository. It can "
"also export revision history to a Subversion repository.  This makes it easy "
"to <quote>test the waters</quote> and use Mercurial and Subversion in "
"parallel before deciding to switch.  History conversion is incremental, so "
"you can perform an initial conversion, then small additional conversions "
"afterwards to bring in new changes."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:498 ../en/ch00-preface.xml:637
msgid "Git"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:500
msgid ""
"Git is a distributed revision control tool that was developed for managing "
"the Linux kernel source tree.  Like Mercurial, its early design was somewhat "
"influenced by Monotone."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:505
msgid ""
"Git has a very large command set, with version 1.5.0 providing 139 individual "
"commands.  It has something of a reputation for being difficult to learn.  "
"Compared to Git, Mercurial has a strong focus on simplicity."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:510
msgid ""
"In terms of performance, Git is extremely fast.  In several cases, it is "
"faster than Mercurial, at least on Linux, while Mercurial performs better on "
"other operations.  However, on Windows, the performance and general level of "
"support that Git provides is, at the time of writing, far behind that of "
"Mercurial."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:517
msgid ""
"While a Mercurial repository needs no maintenance, a Git repository requires "
"frequent manual <quote>repacks</quote> of its metadata.  Without these, "
"performance degrades, while space usage grows rapidly.  A server that "
"contains many Git repositories that are not rigorously and frequently "

"freshly packed Git repository is slightly smaller than a Mercurial "
"repository, but an unpacked repository is several orders of magnitude larger."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:528
msgid ""
"The core of Git is written in C.  Many Git commands are implemented as shell "
"or Perl scripts, and the quality of these scripts varies widely. I have "
"encountered several instances where scripts charged along blindly in the "
"presence of errors that should have been fatal."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:534
msgid "Mercurial can import revision history from a Git repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:540 ../en/ch00-preface.xml:636
msgid "CVS"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:542
msgid ""
"CVS is probably the most widely used revision control tool in the world.  Due "
"to its age and internal untidiness, it has been only lightly maintained for "
"many years."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:546
msgid ""
"It has a centralised client/server architecture.  It does not group related "
"file changes into atomic commits, making it easy for people to <quote>break "
"the build</quote>: one person can successfully commit part of a change and "
"then be blocked by the need for a merge, causing other people to see only a "

"timestamps of the changes made to each file involved (if you even know what "
"those files were)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:558
msgid ""
"CVS has a muddled notion of tags and branches that I will not attempt to even "
"describe.  It does not support renaming of files or directories well, making "
"it easy to corrupt a repository.  It has almost no internal consistency "
"checking capabilities, so it is usually not even possible to tell whether or "
"how a repository is corrupt.  I would not recommend CVS for any project, "
"existing or new."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:566
msgid ""
"Mercurial can import CVS revision history.  However, there are a few caveats "
"that apply; these are true of every other revision control tool's CVS "
"importer, too.  Due to CVS's lack of atomic changes and unversioned "
"filesystem hierarchy, it is not possible to reconstruct CVS history "

"timestamps and files that have remained locked for over a decade are just two "
"of the less interesting problems I can recall from personal experience)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:580
msgid "Mercurial can import revision history from a CVS repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:586
msgid "Commercial tools"
msgstr "商业工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:588
msgid ""
"Perforce has a centralised client/server architecture, with no client-side "
"caching of any data.  Unlike modern revision control tools, Perforce requires "
"that a user run a command to inform the server about every file they intend "
"to edit."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:594
msgid ""
"The performance of Perforce is quite good for small teams, but it falls off "
"rapidly as the number of users grows beyond a few dozen. Modestly large "
"Perforce installations require the deployment of proxies to cope with the "
"load their users generate."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:603
msgid "Choosing a revision control tool"
msgstr "选择版本控制工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:605
msgid ""
"With the exception of CVS, all of the tools listed above have unique "
"strengths that suit them to particular styles of work.  There is no single "
"revision control tool that is best in all situations."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:610
msgid ""
"As an example, Subversion is a good choice for working with frequently edited "
"binary files, due to its centralised nature and support for file locking."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:614
msgid ""
"I personally find Mercurial's properties of simplicity, performance, and good "
"merge support to be a compelling combination that has served me well for "
"several years."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:622
msgid "Switching from another tool to Mercurial"
msgstr "从其它工具切换到 Mercurial"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:624
msgid ""
"Mercurial is bundled with an extension named <literal role=\"hg-ext"
"\">convert</literal>, which can incrementally import revision history from "
"several other revision control tools.  By <quote>incremental</quote>, I mean "
"that you can convert all of a project's history to date in one go, then rerun "
"the conversion later to obtain new changes that happened after the initial "
"conversion."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:632
msgid ""
"The revision control tools supported by <literal role=\"hg-ext\">convert</"
"literal> are as follows:"
msgstr "<literal role=\"hg-ext\">convert</literal> 支持的版本控制工具有:"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:638
msgid "Darcs"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:640
msgid ""
"In addition, <literal role=\"hg-ext\">convert</literal> can export changes "
"from Mercurial to Subversion.  This makes it possible to try Subversion and "
"Mercurial in parallel before committing to a switchover, without risking the "
"loss of any work."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:646
msgid ""
"The <command role=\"hg-ext-convert\">convert</command> command is easy to "
"use.  Simply point it at the path or URL of the source repository, optionally "
"give it the name of the destination repository, and it will start working.  "
"After the initial conversion, just run the same command again to import new "
"changes."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:655
msgid "A short history of revision control"
msgstr "版本控制简史"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:657
msgid ""
"The best known of the old-time revision control tools is SCCS (Source Code "
"Control System), which Marc Rochkind wrote at Bell Labs, in the early 1970s.  "
"SCCS operated on individual files, and required every person working on a "
"project to have access to a shared workspace on a single system.  Only one "

"unlock them, preventing anyone else from modifying those files without the "
"help of an administrator."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:668
msgid ""
"Walter Tichy developed a free alternative to SCCS in the early 1980s; he "
"called his program RCS (Revision Control System).  Like SCCS, RCS required "
"developers to work in a single shared workspace, and to lock files to prevent "
"multiple people from modifying them simultaneously."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:674
msgid ""
"Later in the 1980s, Dick Grune used RCS as a building block for a set of "
"shell scripts he initially called cmt, but then renamed to CVS (Concurrent "
"Versions System).  The big innovation of CVS was that it let developers work "
"simultaneously and somewhat independently in their own personal workspaces.  "

"of every project file, and could modify their copies independently.  They had "
"to merge their edits prior to committing changes to the central repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:685
msgid ""
"Brian Berliner took Grune's original scripts and rewrote them in C, releasing "
"in 1989 the code that has since developed into the modern version of CVS.  "
"CVS subsequently acquired the ability to operate over a network connection, "
"giving it a client/server architecture.  CVS's architecture is centralised; "

"successful; it is probably the world's most widely used revision control "
"system."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:696
msgid ""
"In the early 1990s, Sun Microsystems developed an early distributed revision "
"control system, called TeamWare.  A TeamWare workspace contains a complete "
"copy of the project's history.  TeamWare has no notion of a central "
"repository.  (CVS relied upon RCS for its history storage; TeamWare used "
"SCCS.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:703
msgid ""
"As the 1990s progressed, awareness grew of a number of problems with CVS.  It "
"records simultaneous changes to multiple files individually, instead of "
"grouping them together as a single logically atomic operation.  It does not "
"manage its file hierarchy well; it is easy to make a mess of a repository by "

"and maintain, which made the <quote>pain level</quote> of fixing these "
"architectural problems prohibitive."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:713
msgid ""
"In 2001, Jim Blandy and Karl Fogel, two developers who had worked on CVS, "
"started a project to replace it with a tool that would have a better "
"architecture and cleaner code.  The result, Subversion, does not stray from "
"CVS's centralised client/server model, but it adds multi-file atomic commits, "

"generally better tool than CVS. Since its initial release, it has rapidly "
"grown in popularity."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:722
msgid ""
"More or less simultaneously, Graydon Hoare began working on an ambitious "
"distributed revision control system that he named Monotone. While Monotone "
"addresses many of CVS's design flaws and has a peer-to-peer architecture, it "
"goes beyond earlier (and subsequent) revision control tools in a number of "
"innovative ways.  It uses cryptographic hashes as identifiers, and has an "
"integral notion of <quote>trust</quote> for code from different sources."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:731
msgid ""
"Mercurial began life in 2005.  While a few aspects of its design are "
"influenced by Monotone, Mercurial focuses on ease of use, high performance, "
"and scalability to very large projects."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:739
msgid "Colophon—this book is Free"
msgstr "后记—本书是自由的!"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:741
msgid ""
"This book is licensed under the Open Publication License, and is produced "
"entirely using Free Software tools.  It is typeset with DocBook XML.  "
"Illustrations are drawn and rendered with <ulink url=\"http://www.inkscape."
"org/\">Inkscape</ulink>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:746
msgid ""
"The complete source code for this book is published as a Mercurial "
"repository, at <ulink url=\"http://hg.serpentine.com/mercurial/book\">http://"
"hg.serpentine.com/mercurial/book</ulink>."
msgstr ""

"对于每种流行的操作系统，都有已经构建的二进制软件包。这让在你的计算机上开始使"
"用 Mercurial 变得很容易。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:15
msgid "Linux"
msgstr "Linux"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:17
msgid ""
"Because each Linux distribution has its own packaging tools, policies, and "
"rate of development, it's difficult to give a comprehensive set of "
"instructions on how to install Mercurial binaries.  The version of Mercurial "
"that you will end up with can vary depending on how active the person is who "

"由于每种 Linux 发行版都有自己的包管理工具，开发策略和进度，从而很难给出安装 "
"Mercurial 二进制包的全面说明。你安装的 Mercurial 版本，在很大程度上依赖于你所"
"使用的发行版的 Mercurial 维护者的活跃程度。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:24
msgid ""
"To keep things simple, I will focus on installing Mercurial from the command "
"line under the most popular Linux distributions.  Most of these distributions "
"provide graphical package managers that will let you install Mercurial with a "
"single click; the package name to look for is <literal>mercurial</literal>."

"为了让事情简单，我会致力于说明在最流行的 Linux 发行版中，从命令行安装 "
"Mercurial 的方法。这些发行版都提供了图形界面的包管理器，让你通过点击鼠标安装 "
"Mercurial；寻找的包名称是 <literal>mercurial</literal>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:32
msgid "Debian:"
msgstr "Debian:"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:34
msgid "Fedora Core:"
msgstr "Fedora Core:"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:36
msgid "Gentoo:"
msgstr "Gentoo:"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:38
msgid "OpenSUSE:"
msgstr "OpenSUSE:"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:40
msgid ""
"Ubuntu: Ubuntu's Mercurial package is based on Debian's.  To install it, run "
"the following command."
msgstr "Ubuntu: Ubuntu 的 Mercurial 包基于 Debian。安装时，使用如下命令："

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:48
msgid "Solaris"
msgstr "Solaris"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:50
msgid ""
"SunFreeWare, at <ulink url=\"http://www.sunfreeware.com\">http://www."
"sunfreeware.com</ulink>, is a good source for a large number of pre-built "
"Solaris packages for 32 and 64 bit Intel and Sparc architectures, including "
"current versions of Mercurial."
msgstr ""
"位于 <ulink url=\"http://www.sunfreeware.com\">http://www.sunfreeware.com</"
"ulink> 的 SunFreeWare 是很好的二进制安装源，它包含 Intel 和 Sparc 架构的 32 位"
"和 64 位包，包含 Mercurial 的当前版本。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:58
msgid "Mac OS X"
msgstr "Mac OS X"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:60
msgid ""
"Lee Cantey publishes an installer of Mercurial for Mac OS X at <ulink url="
"\"http://mercurial.berkwood.com\">http://mercurial.berkwood.com</ulink>.  "
"This package works on both Intel- and Power-based Macs. Before you can use "
"it, you must install a compatible version of Universal MacPython "
"<citation>web:macpython</citation>. This is easy to do; simply follow the "
"instructions on Lee's site."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:69
msgid ""
"It's also possible to install Mercurial using Fink or MacPorts, two popular "
"free package managers for Mac OS X.  If you have Fink, use <command>sudo apt-"
"get install mercurial-py25</command>.  If MacPorts, <command>sudo port "
"install mercurial</command>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:77
msgid "Windows"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:79
msgid ""
"Lee Cantey publishes an installer of Mercurial for Windows at <ulink url="
"\"http://mercurial.berkwood.com\">http://mercurial.berkwood.com</ulink>.  "
"This package has no external dependencies; it <quote>just works</quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><note><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:86
msgid ""
"The Windows version of Mercurial does not automatically convert line endings "
"between Windows and Unix styles.  If you want to share work with Unix users, "
"you must do a little additional configuration work. XXX Flesh this out."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:96
msgid "Getting started"
msgstr "开始"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:98
msgid ""
"To begin, we'll use the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg version</command> command "
"to find out whether Mercurial is actually installed properly.  The actual "
"version information that it prints isn't so important; it's whether it prints "
"anything at all that we care about."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:107
msgid "Built-in help"
msgstr "内置帮助"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:109
msgid ""
"Mercurial provides a built-in help system.  This is invaluable for those "
"times when you find yourself stuck trying to remember how to run a command.  "
"If you are completely stuck, simply run <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg help</"
"command>; it will print a brief list of commands, along with a description of "
"what each does.  If you ask for help on a specific command (as below), it "
"prints more detailed information."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:120
msgid ""
"For a more impressive level of detail (which you won't usually need) run "
"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg help <option role=\"hg-opt-global\">-v</option></"
"command>.  The <option role=\"hg-opt-global\">-v</option> option is short for "
"<option role=\"hg-opt-global\">--verbose</option>, and tells Mercurial to "
"print more information than it usually would."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:131
msgid "Working with a repository"
msgstr "使用版本库"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:133
msgid ""
"In Mercurial, everything happens inside a <emphasis>repository</emphasis>.  "
"The repository for a project contains all of the files that <quote>belong to</"
"quote> that project, along with a historical record of the project's files."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:139
msgid ""
"There's nothing particularly magical about a repository; it is simply a "
"directory tree in your filesystem that Mercurial treats as special. You can "
"rename or delete a repository any time you like, using either the command "
"line or your file browser."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:146
msgid "Making a local copy of a repository"
msgstr "创建版本库的工作副本"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:148
msgid ""
"<emphasis>Copying</emphasis> a repository is just a little bit special.  "
"While you could use a normal file copying command to make a copy of a "
"repository, it's best to use a built-in command that Mercurial provides.  "
"This command is called <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg clone</command>, because "
"it creates an identical copy of an existing repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:157
msgid ""
"If our clone succeeded, we should now have a local directory called <filename "
"class=\"directory\">hello</filename>.  This directory will contain some files."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:163
msgid ""
"These files have the same contents and history in our repository as they do "
"in the repository we cloned."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:166
msgid ""
"Every Mercurial repository is complete, self-contained, and independent.  It "
"contains its own private copy of a project's files and history.  A cloned "
"repository remembers the location of the repository it was cloned from, but "
"it does not communicate with that repository, or any other, unless you tell "
"it to."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:173
msgid ""
"What this means for now is that we're free to experiment with our repository, "
"safe in the knowledge that it's a private <quote>sandbox</quote> that won't "
"affect anyone else."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:179
msgid "What's in a repository?"
msgstr "什么是版本库?"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:181
msgid ""
"When we take a more detailed look inside a repository, we can see that it "
"contains a directory named <filename class=\"directory\">.hg</filename>.  "
"This is where Mercurial keeps all of its metadata for the repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:188
msgid ""
"The contents of the <filename class=\"directory\">.hg</filename> directory "
"and its subdirectories are private to Mercurial.  Every other file and "
"directory in the repository is yours to do with as you please."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:194
msgid ""
"To introduce a little terminology, the <filename class=\"directory\">.hg</"
"filename> directory is the <quote>real</quote> repository, and all of the "
"files and directories that coexist with it are said to live in the "
"<emphasis>working directory</emphasis>.  An easy way to remember the "

"directory</emphasis> contains a <emphasis>snapshot</emphasis> of your project "
"at a particular point in history."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:209
msgid "A tour through history"
msgstr "回溯历史"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:211
msgid ""
"One of the first things we might want to do with a new, unfamiliar repository "
"is understand its history.  The <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log</command> "
"command gives us a view of history."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:218
msgid ""
"By default, this command prints a brief paragraph of output for each change "
"to the project that was recorded.  In Mercurial terminology, we call each of "
"these recorded events a <emphasis>changeset</emphasis>, because it can "
"contain a record of changes to several files."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:224
msgid ""
"The fields in a record of output from <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log</"
"command> are as follows."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:227
msgid ""
"<literal>changeset</literal>: This field has the format of a number, followed "
"by a colon, followed by a hexadecimal string.  These are "
"<emphasis>identifiers</emphasis> for the changeset.  There are two "
"identifiers because the number is shorter and easier to type than the hex "
"string."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:233
msgid ""
"<literal>user</literal>: The identity of the person who created the "
"changeset.  This is a free-form field, but it most often contains a person's "
"name and email address."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:237
msgid ""
"<literal>date</literal>: The date and time on which the changeset was "
"created, and the timezone in which it was created.  (The date and time are "
"local to that timezone; they display what time and date it was for the person "
"who created the changeset.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:242
msgid ""
"<literal>summary</literal>: The first line of the text message that the "
"creator of the changeset entered to describe the changeset."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:245
msgid ""
"The default output printed by <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log</command> is "
"purely a summary; it is missing a lot of detail."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:249
msgid ""
"<xref linkend=\"fig:tour-basic:history\"/> provides a graphical "
"representation of the history of the <filename class=\"directory\">hello</"
"filename> repository, to make it a little easier to see which direction "
"history is <quote>flowing</quote> in.  We'll be returning to this figure "
"several times in this chapter and the chapter that follows."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><figure><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:258
msgid ""
"Graphical history of the <filename class=\"directory\">hello</filename> "
"repository"
msgstr "版本库 <filename class=\"directory\">hello</filename> 的历史图"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><figure>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:260 ../en/ch02-tour-merge.xml:50
#: ../en/ch02-tour-merge.xml:181 ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:293
msgid "<placeholder type=\"mediaobject\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:261
msgid ""
"<imageobject><imagedata fileref=\"figs/tour-history.png\"/></imageobject>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:262 ../en/ch02-tour-merge.xml:52
#: ../en/ch02-tour-merge.xml:82 ../en/ch02-tour-merge.xml:129
#: ../en/ch02-tour-merge.xml:183 ../en/ch02-tour-merge.xml:254
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:57 ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:106
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:191 ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:295
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:346 ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:361

#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:515 ../en/ch11-mq.xml:412
msgid "XXX add text"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:267
msgid "Changesets, revisions, and talking to other people"
msgstr "修改集，版本，与其它用户交互"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:270
msgid ""
"As English is a notoriously sloppy language, and computer science has a "
"hallowed history of terminological confusion (why use one term when four will "
"do?), revision control has a variety of words and phrases that mean the same "
"thing.  If you are talking about Mercurial history with other people, you "

"<quote>change</quote> or (when written)  <quote>cset</quote>, and sometimes a "
"changeset is referred to as a <quote>revision</quote> or a <quote>rev</quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:280
msgid ""
"While it doesn't matter what <emphasis>word</emphasis> you use to refer to "
"the concept of <quote>a changeset</quote>, the <emphasis>identifier</"
"emphasis> that you use to refer to <quote>a <emphasis>specific</emphasis> "
"changeset</quote> is of great importance. Recall that the <literal>changeset</"
"literal> field in the output from <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log</command> "
"identifies a changeset using both a number and a hexadecimal string."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:289
msgid ""
"The revision number is <emphasis>only valid in that repository</emphasis>,"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:291
msgid ""
"while the hex string is the <emphasis>permanent, unchanging identifier</"
"emphasis> that will always identify that exact changeset in <emphasis>every</"
"emphasis> copy of the repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:296
msgid ""
"This distinction is important.  If you send someone an email talking about "
"<quote>revision 33</quote>, there's a high likelihood that their revision 33 "
"will <emphasis>not be the same</emphasis> as yours.  The reason for this is "
"that a revision number depends on the order in which changes arrived in a "
"repository, and there is no guarantee that the same changes will happen in "
"the same order in different repositories. Three changes $a,b,c$ can easily "
"appear in one repository as $0,1,2$, while in another as $1,0,2$."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:306
msgid ""
"Mercurial uses revision numbers purely as a convenient shorthand.  If you "
"need to discuss a changeset with someone, or make a record of a changeset for "
"some other reason (for example, in a bug report), use the hexadecimal "
"identifier."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:314
msgid "Viewing specific revisions"
msgstr "察看指定版本"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:316
msgid ""
"To narrow the output of <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log</command> down to a "
"single revision, use the <option role=\"hg-opt-log\">-r</option> (or <option "
"role=\"hg-opt-log\">--rev</option>) option.  You can use either a revision "
"number or a long-form changeset identifier, and you can provide as many "
"revisions as you want."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:325
msgid ""
"If you want to see the history of several revisions without having to list "
"each one, you can use <emphasis>range notation</emphasis>; this lets you "
"express the idea <quote>I want all revisions between <literal>abc</literal> "
"and <literal>def</literal>, inclusive</quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:333
msgid ""
"Mercurial also honours the order in which you specify revisions, so <command "
"role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log -r 2:4</command> prints 2, 3, and 4. while <command "
"role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log -r 4:2</command> prints 4, 3, and 2."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:340
msgid "More detailed information"
msgstr "更详细的信息"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:342
msgid ""
"While the summary information printed by <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log</"
"command> is useful if you already know what you're looking for, you may need "
"to see a complete description of the change, or a list of the files changed, "
"if you're trying to decide whether a changeset is the one you're looking for. "

"global\">-v</option> (or <option role=\"hg-opt-global\">--verbose</option>) "
"option gives you this extra detail."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:354
msgid ""
"If you want to see both the description and content of a change, add the "
"<option role=\"hg-opt-log\">-p</option> (or <option role=\"hg-opt-log\">--"
"patch</option>) option.  This displays the content of a change as a "
"<emphasis>unified diff</emphasis> (if you've never seen a unified diff "
"before, see <xref linkend=\"sec:mq:patch\"/> for an overview)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:367
msgid "All about command options"
msgstr "命令选项"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:369
msgid ""
"Let's take a brief break from exploring Mercurial commands to discuss a "
"pattern in the way that they work; you may find this useful to keep in mind "
"as we continue our tour."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:373
msgid ""
"Mercurial has a consistent and straightforward approach to dealing with the "
"options that you can pass to commands.  It follows the conventions for "
"options that are common to modern Linux and Unix systems."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:378
msgid ""
"Every option has a long name.  For example, as we've already seen, the "
"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log</command> command accepts a <option role=\"hg-"
"opt-log\">--rev</option> option."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:382
msgid ""
"Most options have short names, too.  Instead of <option role=\"hg-opt-log\">--"
"rev</option>, we can use <option role=\"hg-opt-log\">-r</option>.  (The "
"reason that some options don't have short names is that the options in "
"question are rarely used.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:387
msgid ""
"Long options start with two dashes (e.g. <option role=\"hg-opt-log\">--rev</"
"option>), while short options start with one (e.g. <option role=\"hg-opt-log"
"\">-r</option>)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:391
msgid ""
"Option naming and usage is consistent across commands.  For example, every "
"command that lets you specify a changeset ID or revision number accepts both "
"<option role=\"hg-opt-log\">-r</option> and <option role=\"hg-opt-log\">--"
"rev</option> arguments."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:397
msgid ""
"In the examples throughout this book, I use short options instead of long.  "
"This just reflects my own preference, so don't read anything significant into "
"it."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:401
msgid ""
"Most commands that print output of some kind will print more output when "
"passed a <option role=\"hg-opt-global\">-v</option> (or <option role=\"hg-opt-"
"global\">--verbose</option>) option, and less when passed <option role=\"hg-"
"opt-global\">-q</option> (or <option role=\"hg-opt-global\">--quiet</option>)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:409
msgid "Making and reviewing changes"
msgstr "创建和复审修改"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:411
msgid ""
"Now that we have a grasp of viewing history in Mercurial, let's take a look "
"at making some changes and examining them."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:415
msgid ""
"The first thing we'll do is isolate our experiment in a repository of its "
"own.  We use the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg clone</command> command, but we "
"don't need to clone a copy of the remote repository.  Since we already have a "
"copy of it locally, we can just clone that instead.  This is much faster than "
"cloning over the network, and cloning a local repository uses less disk space "
"in most cases, too."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:425
msgid ""
"As an aside, it's often good practice to keep a <quote>pristine</quote> copy "
"of a remote repository around, which you can then make temporary clones of to "
"create sandboxes for each task you want to work on.  This lets you work on "
"multiple tasks in parallel, each isolated from the others until it's complete "

"there's almost no overhead to cloning and destroying repositories whenever "
"you want."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:434
msgid ""
"In our <filename class=\"directory\">my-hello</filename> repository, we have "
"a file <filename>hello.c</filename> that contains the classic <quote>hello, "
"world</quote> program. Let's use the ancient and venerable <command>sed</"
"command> command to edit this file so that it prints a second line of "
"output.  (I'm only using <command>sed</command> to do this because it's easy "
"to write a scripted example this way.  Since you're not under the same "
"constraint, you probably won't want to use <command>sed</command>; simply use "
"your preferred text editor to do the same thing.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:447
msgid ""
"Mercurial's <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg status</command> command will tell us "
"what Mercurial knows about the files in the repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:453
msgid ""
"The <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg status</command> command prints no output for "
"some files, but a line starting with <quote><literal>M</literal></quote> for "
"<filename>hello.c</filename>.  Unless you tell it to, <command role=\"hg-cmd"
"\">hg status</command> will not print any output for files that have not been "
"modified."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:460
msgid ""
"The <quote><literal>M</literal></quote> indicates that Mercurial has noticed "
"that we modified <filename>hello.c</filename>.  We didn't need to "
"<emphasis>inform</emphasis> Mercurial that we were going to modify the file "
"before we started, or that we had modified the file after we were done; it "
"was able to figure this out itself."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:468
msgid ""
"It's a little bit helpful to know that we've modified <filename>hello.c</"
"filename>, but we might prefer to know exactly <emphasis>what</emphasis> "
"changes we've made to it.  To do this, we use the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
"diff</command> command."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:478
msgid "Recording changes in a new changeset"
msgstr "在新修改集中记录修改"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:480
msgid ""
"We can modify files, build and test our changes, and use <command role=\"hg-"
"cmd\">hg status</command> and <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg diff</command> to "
"review our changes, until we're satisfied with what we've done and arrive at "
"a natural stopping point where we want to record our work in a new changeset."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:487
msgid ""
"The <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg commit</command> command lets us create a new "
"changeset; we'll usually refer to this as <quote>making a commit</quote> or "
"<quote>committing</quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:493
msgid "Setting up a username"
msgstr "配置用户名称"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:495
msgid ""
"When you try to run <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg commit</command> for the "
"first time, it is not guaranteed to succeed.  Mercurial records your name and "
"address with each change that you commit, so that you and others will later "
"be able to tell who made each change.  Mercurial tries to automatically "
"figure out a sensible username to commit the change with.  It will attempt "
"each of the following methods, in order:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:504
msgid ""
"If you specify a <option role=\"hg-opt-commit\">-u</option> option to the "
"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg commit</command> command on the command line, "
"followed by a username, this is always given the highest precedence."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:509
msgid ""
"If you have set the <envar>HGUSER</envar> environment variable, this is "
"checked next."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:512
msgid ""
"If you create a file in your home directory called <filename role=\"special"
"\">.hgrc</filename>, with a <envar role=\"rc-item-ui\">username</envar> "
"entry, that will be used next.  To see what the contents of this file should "
"look like, refer to <xref linkend=\"sec:tour-basic:username\"/> below."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:520
msgid ""
"If you have set the <envar>EMAIL</envar> environment variable, this will be "
"used next."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:523
msgid ""
"Mercurial will query your system to find out your local user name and host "
"name, and construct a username from these components. Since this often "
"results in a username that is not very useful, it will print a warning if it "
"has to do this."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:530
msgid ""
"If all of these mechanisms fail, Mercurial will fail, printing an error "
"message.  In this case, it will not let you commit until you set up a "
"username."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:534
msgid ""
"You should think of the <envar>HGUSER</envar> environment variable and the "
"<option role=\"hg-opt-commit\">-u</option> option to the <command role=\"hg-"
"cmd\">hg commit</command> command as ways to <emphasis>override</emphasis> "
"Mercurial's default selection of username.  For normal use, the simplest and "
"most robust way to set a username for yourself is by creating a <filename "
"role=\"special\">.hgrc</filename> file; see below for details."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:543
msgid "Creating a Mercurial configuration file"
msgstr "创建 Mercurial 的配置文件"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:545
msgid ""
"To set a user name, use your favourite editor to create a file called "
"<filename role=\"special\">.hgrc</filename> in your home directory.  "
"Mercurial will use this file to look up your personalised configuration "
"settings.  The initial contents of your <filename role=\"special\">.hgrc</"
"filename> should look like this."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:557
msgid ""
"The <quote><literal>[ui]</literal></quote> line begins a <emphasis>section</"
"emphasis> of the config file, so you can read the <quote><literal>username "
"= ...</literal></quote> line as meaning <quote>set the value of the "
"<literal>username</literal> item in the <literal>ui</literal> section</"

"file.  Mercurial ignores empty lines and treats any text from "
"<quote><literal>#</literal></quote> to the end of a line as a comment."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:570
msgid "Choosing a user name"
msgstr "选择用户名称"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:572
msgid ""
"You can use any text you like as the value of the <literal>username</literal> "
"config item, since this information is for reading by other people, but for "
"interpreting by Mercurial.  The convention that most people follow is to use "
"their name and email address, as in the example above."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><note><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:579
msgid ""
"Mercurial's built-in web server obfuscates email addresses, to make it more "
"difficult for the email harvesting tools that spammers use. This reduces the "
"likelihood that you'll start receiving more junk email if you publish a "
"Mercurial repository on the web."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:589
msgid "Writing a commit message"
msgstr "写提交日志"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:591
msgid ""
"When we commit a change, Mercurial drops us into a text editor, to enter a "
"message that will describe the modifications we've made in this changeset.  "
"This is called the <emphasis>commit message</emphasis>.  It will be a record "
"for readers of what we did and why, and it will be printed by <command role="
"\"hg-cmd\">hg log</command> after we've finished committing."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:601
msgid ""
"The editor that the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg commit</command> command "
"drops us into will contain an empty line, followed by a number of lines "
"starting with <quote><literal>HG:</literal></quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:608
msgid ""
"Mercurial ignores the lines that start with <quote><literal>HG:</literal></"
"quote>; it uses them only to tell us which files it's recording changes to.  "
"Modifying or deleting these lines has no effect."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:614
msgid "Writing a good commit message"
msgstr "写好提交日志"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:616
msgid ""
"Since <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log</command> only prints the first line of "
"a commit message by default, it's best to write a commit message whose first "
"line stands alone.  Here's a real example of a commit message that "
"<emphasis>doesn't</emphasis> follow this guideline, and hence has a summary "
"that is not readable."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:630
msgid ""
"As far as the remainder of the contents of the commit message are concerned, "
"there are no hard-and-fast rules.  Mercurial itself doesn't interpret or care "
"about the contents of the commit message, though your project may have "
"policies that dictate a certain kind of formatting."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:636
msgid ""
"My personal preference is for short, but informative, commit messages that "
"tell me something that I can't figure out with a quick glance at the output "
"of <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log --patch</command>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:643
msgid "Aborting a commit"
msgstr "终止提交"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:645
msgid ""
"If you decide that you don't want to commit while in the middle of editing a "
"commit message, simply exit from your editor without saving the file that "
"it's editing.  This will cause nothing to happen to either the repository or "
"the working directory."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:650
msgid ""
"If we run the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg commit</command> command without "
"any arguments, it records all of the changes we've made, as reported by "
"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg status</command> and <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
"diff</command>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:657
msgid "Admiring our new handiwork"
msgstr "欣赏我们的成果"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:659
msgid ""
"Once we've finished the commit, we can use the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
"tip</command> command to display the changeset we just created.  This command "
"produces output that is identical to <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log</"
"command>, but it only displays the newest revision in the repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:668
msgid ""
"We refer to the newest revision in the repository as the tip revision, or "
"simply the tip."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:675
msgid "Sharing changes"
msgstr "共享修改"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:677
msgid ""
"We mentioned earlier that repositories in Mercurial are self-contained.  This "
"means that the changeset we just created exists only in our <filename class="
"\"directory\">my-hello</filename> repository.  Let's look at a few ways that "
"we can propagate this change into other repositories."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:685
msgid "Pulling changes from another repository"
msgstr "从其它版本库取得修改"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:686
msgid ""
"To get started, let's clone our original <filename class=\"directory\">hello</"
"filename> repository, which does not contain the change we just committed.  "
"We'll call our temporary repository <filename class=\"directory\">hello-pull</"
"filename>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:694
msgid ""
"We'll use the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</command> command to bring "
"changes from <filename class=\"directory\">my-hello</filename> into <filename "
"class=\"directory\">hello-pull</filename>.  However, blindly pulling unknown "
"changes into a repository is a somewhat scary prospect.  Mercurial provides "

"<emphasis>would</emphasis> pull into the repository, without actually pulling "
"the changes in."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:707
msgid ""
"(Of course, someone could cause more changesets to appear in the repository "
"that we ran <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg incoming</command> in, before we get "
"a chance to <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</command> the changes, so that "
"we could end up pulling changes that we didn't expect.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:714
msgid ""
"Bringing changes into a repository is a simple matter of running the <command "
"role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</command> command, and telling it which repository to "
"pull from."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:721
msgid ""
"As you can see from the before-and-after output of <command role=\"hg-cmd"
"\">hg tip</command>, we have successfully pulled changes into our "
"repository.  There remains one step before we can see these changes in the "
"working directory."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:729
msgid "Updating the working directory"
msgstr "更新工作目录"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:731
msgid ""
"We have so far glossed over the relationship between a repository and its "
"working directory.  The <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</command> command "
"that we ran in <xref linkend=\"sec:tour:pull\"/> brought changes into the "
"repository, but if we check, there's no sign of those changes in the working "

"not (by default) touch the working directory.  Instead, we use the <command "
"role=\"hg-cmd\">hg update</command> command to do this."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:743
msgid ""
"It might seem a bit strange that <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</command> "
"doesn't update the working directory automatically.  There's actually a good "
"reason for this: you can use <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg update</command> to "
"update the working directory to the state it was in at <emphasis>any "
"revision</emphasis> in the history of the repository.  If you had the working "
"directory updated to an old revision---to hunt down the origin of a bug, "
"say---and ran a <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</command> which "
"automatically updated the working directory to a new revision, you might not "
"be terribly happy."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:754
msgid ""
"However, since pull-then-update is such a common thing to do, Mercurial lets "
"you combine the two by passing the <option role=\"hg-opt-pull\">-u</option> "
"option to <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</command>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:759
msgid ""
"If you look back at the output of <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</command> "
"in <xref linkend=\"sec:tour:pull\"/> when we ran it without <option role=\"hg-"
"opt-pull\">-u</option>, you can see that it printed a helpful reminder that "
"we'd have to take an explicit step to update the working directory:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:768
msgid ""
"To find out what revision the working directory is at, use the <command role="
"\"hg-cmd\">hg parents</command> command."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:774
msgid ""
"If you look back at <xref linkend=\"fig:tour-basic:history\"/>, you'll see "
"arrows connecting each changeset.  The node that the arrow leads "
"<emphasis>from</emphasis> in each case is a parent, and the node that the "
"arrow leads <emphasis>to</emphasis> is its child.  The working directory has "
"a parent in just the same way; this is the changeset that the working "
"directory currently contains."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:783
msgid ""
"To update the working directory to a particular revision, give a revision "
"number or changeset ID to the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg update</command> "
"command."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:790
msgid ""
"If you omit an explicit revision, <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg update</"
"command> will update to the tip revision, as shown by the second call to "
"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg update</command> in the example above."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:798
msgid "Pushing changes to another repository"
msgstr "发布修改到其它版本库"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:800
msgid ""
"Mercurial lets us push changes to another repository, from the repository "
"we're currently visiting.  As with the example of <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
"pull</command> above, we'll create a temporary repository to push our changes "
"into."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:808
msgid ""
"The <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg outgoing</command> command tells us what "
"changes would be pushed into another repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:814
msgid ""
"And the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg push</command> command does the actual "
"push."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:820
msgid ""
"As with <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</command>, the <command role=\"hg-cmd"
"\">hg push</command> command does not update the working directory in the "
"repository that it's pushing changes into. (Unlike <command role=\"hg-cmd"
"\">hg pull</command>, <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg push</command> does not "
"provide a <literal>-u</literal> option that updates the other repository's "
"working directory.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:829
msgid ""
"What happens if we try to pull or push changes and the receiving repository "
"already has those changes? Nothing too exciting."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:836
msgid "Sharing changes over a network"
msgstr "通过网络共享修改"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:838
msgid ""
"The commands we have covered in the previous few sections are not limited to "
"working with local repositories.  Each works in exactly the same fashion over "
"a network connection; simply pass in a URL instead of a local path."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:846
msgid ""
"In this example, we can see what changes we could push to the remote "
"repository, but the repository is understandably not set up to let anonymous "
"users push to it."
msgstr ""

"accidentally remove a file without noticing."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:198
msgid "Useful shorthand—adding and removing files in one step"
msgstr "有用的速记—一个步骤添加和删除文件"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:201

"in."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch07-branch.xml:228
msgid "The flow of changes—big picture vs. little"
msgstr "修改流程—宏观与微观"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch07-branch.xml:230

"wherever your package installer put Mercurial."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:716
msgid ""
"<literal role=\"hg-ext\">acl</literal>—access control for parts of a "
"repository"
msgstr "<literal role=\"hg-ext\">acl</literal>—版本库的访问控制"

"pushes from specific users."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:844
msgid "<literal role=\"hg-ext\">bugzilla</literal>—integration with Bugzilla"
msgstr "<literal role=\"hg-ext\">bugzilla</literal>—与 Bugzilla 的集成"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:848

"maps it to a valid Bugzilla user name."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1150
msgid "<literal role=\"hg-ext\">notify</literal>—send email notifications"
msgstr "<literal role=\"hg-ext\">notify</literal>—邮件通知"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1153

"bundle."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1431
msgid "Where changes are going—remote repository URLs"
msgstr "修改集要到哪里—远程版本库的地址"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1434

msgid "Hook reference"
msgstr "钩子参考"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1473
msgid ""
"<literal role=\"hook\">changegroup</literal>—after remote changesets added"
msgstr "<literal role=\"hook\">changegroup</literal>—增加远程修改集之后"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>

"literal> (<xref linkend=\"sec:hook:pretxnchangegroup\"/>)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1526
msgid "<literal role=\"hook\">commit</literal>—after a new changeset is created"
msgstr "<literal role=\"hook\">commit</literal>—创建新修改集之后"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1529

"linkend=\"sec:hook:pretxncommit\"/>)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1559
msgid ""
"<literal role=\"hook\">incoming</literal>—after one remote changeset is added"
msgstr "<literal role=\"hook\">incoming</literal>—增加远程修改集之后"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>

">)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1605
msgid ""
"<literal role=\"hook\">outgoing</literal>—after changesets are propagated"
msgstr "<literal role=\"hook\">outgoing</literal>—传播修改集之后"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>

"hook:preoutgoing\"/>)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1652
msgid ""
"<literal role=\"hook\">prechangegroup</literal>—before starting to add remote "
"changesets"
msgstr "<literal role=\"hook\">prechangegroup</literal>—增加远程修改集之前"

"literal> (<xref linkend=\"sec:hook:pretxnchangegroup\"/>)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1698
msgid ""
"<literal role=\"hook\">precommit</literal>—before starting to commit a "
"changeset"
msgstr "<literal role=\"hook\">precommit</literal>—提交修改集之前"

"\"sec:hook:pretxncommit\"/>)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1738
msgid ""
"<literal role=\"hook\">preoutgoing</literal>—before starting to propagate "
"changesets"
msgstr "<literal role=\"hook\">preoutgoing</literal>—传播修改集之前"

"outgoing\"/>)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1775
msgid "<literal role=\"hook\">pretag</literal>—before tagging a changeset"
msgstr "<literal role=\"hook\">pretag</literal>—创建标签之前"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1778

"\"/>)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1815
msgid ""
"<literal role=\"hook\">pretxnchangegroup</literal>—before completing addition "
"of remote changesets"
msgstr ""
"<literal role=\"hook\">pretxnchangegroup</literal>—完成增加远程修改集之前"

"literal> (<xref linkend=\"sec:hook:prechangegroup\"/>)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1881
msgid ""
"<literal role=\"hook\">pretxncommit</literal>—before completing commit of new "
"changeset"
msgstr "<literal role=\"hook\">pretxncommit</literal>—完成提交之前"

"参见: <literal role=\"hook\">precommit</literal> (<xref linkend=\"sec:hook:"
"precommit\"/>)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1929
msgid ""
"<literal role=\"hook\">preupdate</literal>—before updating or merging working "
"directory"
msgstr "<literal role=\"hook\">preupdate</literal>—更新或合并工作目录之前"

"update\"/>)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1961
msgid "<literal role=\"hook\">tag</literal>—after tagging a changeset"
msgstr "<literal role=\"hook\">tag</literal>—创建标签之后"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1964

"参见: <literal role=\"hook\">pretag</literal> (<xref linkend=\"sec:hook:pretag"
"\"/>)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1998
msgid ""
"<literal role=\"hook\">update</literal>—after updating or merging working "
"directory"
msgstr "<literal role=\"hook\">update</literal>—更新或合并工作目录之后"

"where a bug got introduced or fixed.  You can use the <command role=\"hg-cmd"
"\">hg annotate</command> command to see which changeset or patch modified a "
"particular line of a source file.  And so on."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:187
msgid "Understanding patches"
msgstr "理解补丁"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:189
msgid ""
"Because MQ doesn't hide its patch-oriented nature, it is helpful to "
"understand what patches are, and a little about the tools that work with them."

766:3b33dd6aba87

# ...
#
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: hgbook 1.2\n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-04-02 09:21+0800\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2009-03-31 10:12+0800\n"
"Last-Translator: \n"
"Language-Team: Simplified Chinese <[e-mail] >\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"

#. type: Content of: <book><subtitle>
#: ../en/00book.xml:46
msgid "Compiled from $rev_id$"
msgstr "编译自 $rev_id$"

#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo>
#: ../en/00book.xml:48
msgid "<edition>1</edition> <isbn>9780596800673</isbn>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><authorgroup><author><firstname>
#: ../en/00book.xml:52
msgid "Bryan"
msgstr "Bryan"

#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><authorgroup><author><surname>
#: ../en/00book.xml:53
msgid "O'Sullivan"
msgstr "O'Sullivan"

#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo>
#: ../en/00book.xml:57
msgid ""
"<editor> <firstname>Mike</firstname> <surname>Loukides</surname> </editor> "
"<copyright> <year>2006</year> <year>2007</year> <year>2008</year> <year>2009</"
"year> <holder>Bryan O'Sullivan</holder> </copyright>"
msgstr ""

"\"hg-cmd\">hg help mq</command>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:14
#, fuzzy
msgid "<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qapplied</command>—print applied patches"
msgstr "<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qapplied</command>—显示已应用的补丁"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:17

"the last patch in the list is the <quote>top</quote> patch."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:24
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qcommit</command>—commit changes in the queue "
"repository"
msgstr "<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qcommit</command>—提交队列中的修改"

"patches</command>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:43
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qdelete</command>—delete a patch from the "
"<filename role=\"special\">series</filename> file"
msgstr ""
"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qdelete</command>—从文件 <filename role=\"special"

"<option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qdel-opt\">-f</option>: Delete the patch file."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:66
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qdiff</command>—print a diff of the topmost "
"applied patch"
msgstr "<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qdiff</command>—显示最新应用补丁的差异"

"r-2:-1</command>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:75
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qfold</command>—merge (<quote>fold</quote>) "
"several patches into one"
msgstr ""
"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qfold</command>—将多个补丁合并(<quote>折叠</"

"the new commit message and patch description for the folded patch."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:119
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qheader</command>—display the header/description "
"of a patch"
msgstr "<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qheader</command>—显示补丁头部描述"

"applied patch. Given an argument, it prints the header of the named patch."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:130
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qimport</command>—import a third-party patch into "
"the queue"
msgstr "<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qimport</command>—将第三方补丁导入队列"

"imported patch."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:149
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qinit</command>—prepare a repository to work with "
"MQ"
msgstr "<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qinit</command>—为使用 MQ 配置版本库"

"automatically <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg add</command> new patches."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:178
#, fuzzy
msgid "<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qnew</command>—create a new patch"
msgstr "<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qnew</command>—创建新补丁"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:181

"file, before the patch data."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:215
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qnext</command>—print the name of the next patch"
msgstr "<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qnext</command>—显示下个补丁的名称"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>

"patch if you run <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpush</command>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:227
#, fuzzy
msgid "<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpop</command>—pop patches off the stack"
msgstr "<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpop</command>—删除堆栈顶部的补丁"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:230

"patch that it pops."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:288
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qprev</command>—print the name of the previous "
"patch"
msgstr "<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qprev</command>—显示上个补丁的名称"

"if you run <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpop</command>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:300
#, fuzzy
msgid "<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpush</command>—push patches onto the stack"
msgstr "<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpush</command>—增加补丁到堆栈"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:303

"patch that it pushes."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:368
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qrefresh</command>—update the topmost applied "
"patch"
msgstr "<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qrefresh</command>—更新最新的补丁"

"message and patch description, using text from the given file."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:424
#, fuzzy
msgid "<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qrename</command>—rename a patch"
msgstr "<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qrename</command>—改名补丁"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:427

"to its second."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:438
#, fuzzy
msgid "<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qrestore</command>—restore saved queue state"
msgstr "<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qrestore</command>—恢复保存的队列"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:442
msgid "XXX No idea what this does."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:446
#, fuzzy
msgid "<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qsave</command>—save current queue state"
msgstr "<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qsave</command>—保存当前的队列状态"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:449
msgid "XXX Likewise."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:453
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qseries</command>—print the entire patch series"
msgstr "<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qseries</command>—显示补丁序列"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>

"from first to be applied to last."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:464
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qtop</command>—print the name of the current patch"
msgstr "<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qtop</command>—显示当前补丁的名称"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>

"currently applied patch."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:472
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qunapplied</command>—print patches not yet applied"
msgstr "<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qunapplied</command>—显示尚未应用的补丁"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>

"be pushed to the last."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:484
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg strip</command>—remove a revision and descendants"
msgstr "<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg strip</command>—删除一个版本及其后继"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>

msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:71
msgid ""
"Most of these reasons are equally valid—at least in theory&emdash;whether "
"you're working on a project by yourself, or with a hundred other people."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:76
msgid ""
"A key question about the practicality of revision control at these two "
"different scales (<quote>lone hacker</quote> and <quote>huge team</quote>) is "
"how its <emphasis>benefits</emphasis> compare to its <emphasis>costs</"
"emphasis>.  A revision control tool that's difficult to understand or use is "
"going to impose a high cost."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:84
msgid ""
"A five-hundred-person project is likely to collapse under its own weight "
"almost immediately without a revision control tool and process. In this case, "
"the cost of using revision control might hardly seem worth considering, since "
"<emphasis>without</emphasis> it, failure is almost guaranteed."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:91
msgid ""
"On the other hand, a one-person <quote>quick hack</quote> might seem like a "
"poor place to use a revision control tool, because surely the cost of using "
"one must be close to the overall cost of the project.  Right?"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:96
msgid ""
"Mercurial uniquely supports <emphasis>both</emphasis> of these scales of "
"development.  You can learn the basics in just a few minutes, and due to its "
"low overhead, you can apply revision control to the smallest of projects with "
"ease.  Its simplicity means you won't have a lot of abstruse concepts or "

"performance and peer-to-peer nature let you scale painlessly to handle large "
"projects."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:106
msgid ""
"No revision control tool can rescue a poorly run project, but a good choice "
"of tools can make a huge difference to the fluidity with which you can work "
"on a project."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:113
msgid "The many names of revision control"
msgstr "版本控制的别名"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:115
msgid ""
"Revision control is a diverse field, so much so that it is referred to by "
"many names and acronyms.  Here are a few of the more common variations you'll "
"encounter:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:119
msgid "Revision control (RCS)"
msgstr "版本控制(RCS)"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:120
msgid "Software configuration management (SCM), or configuration management"
msgstr "软件配置管理(SCM)，或配置管理"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:122
msgid "Source code management"
msgstr "源代码管理"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:123
msgid "Source code control, or source control"
msgstr "源代码控制，或源控制"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:125
msgid "Version control (VCS)"
msgstr "版本控制(VCS)"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:127
msgid ""
"Some people claim that these terms actually have different meanings, but in "
"practice they overlap so much that there's no agreed or even useful way to "
"tease them apart."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:135
msgid "This book is a work in progress"
msgstr "本书正在编写中"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:137
msgid ""
"I am releasing this book while I am still writing it, in the hope that it "
"will prove useful to others.  I am writing under an open license in the hope "
"that you, my readers, will contribute feedback and perhaps content of your "
"own."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:144
msgid "About the examples in this book"
msgstr "本书的例子"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:146
msgid ""
"This book takes an unusual approach to code samples.  Every example is "
"<quote>live</quote>—each one is actually the result of a shell script that "
"executes the Mercurial commands you see.  Every time an image of the book is "
"built from its sources, all the example scripts are automatically run, and "
"their current results compared against their expected results."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:153
msgid ""
"The advantage of this approach is that the examples are always accurate; they "
"describe <emphasis>exactly</emphasis> the behaviour of the version of "
"Mercurial that's mentioned at the front of the book.  If I update the version "
"of Mercurial that I'm documenting, and the output of some command changes, "
"the build fails."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:160
msgid ""
"There is a small disadvantage to this approach, which is that the dates and "
"times you'll see in examples tend to be <quote>squashed</quote> together in a "
"way that they wouldn't be if the same commands were being typed by a human.  "
"Where a human can issue no more than one command every few seconds, with any "
"resulting timestamps correspondingly spread out, my automated example scripts "
"run many commands in one second."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:168
msgid ""
"As an instance of this, several consecutive commits in an example can show up "
"as having occurred during the same second.  You can see this occur in the "
"<literal role=\"hg-ext\">bisect</literal> example in <xref linkend=\"sec:undo:"
"bisect\"/>, for instance."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:174
msgid ""
"So when you're reading examples, don't place too much weight on the dates or "
"times you see in the output of commands.  But <emphasis>do</emphasis> be "
"confident that the behaviour you're seeing is consistent and reproducible."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:182
msgid "Trends in the field"
msgstr "版本控制的发展趋势"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:184
msgid ""
"There has been an unmistakable trend in the development and use of revision "
"control tools over the past four decades, as people have become familiar with "
"the capabilities of their tools and constrained by their limitations."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:189
msgid ""
"The first generation began by managing single files on individual computers.  "
"Although these tools represented a huge advance over ad-hoc manual revision "
"control, their locking model and reliance on a single computer limited them "
"to small, tightly-knit teams."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:195
msgid ""
"The second generation loosened these constraints by moving to network-"
"centered architectures, and managing entire projects at a time.  As projects "
"grew larger, they ran into new problems.  With clients needing to talk to "
"servers very frequently, server scaling became an issue for large projects.  "

"found that they could not use the tools to interact with a project in a "
"natural way, as they could not record their changes."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:207
msgid ""
"The current generation of revision control tools is peer-to-peer in nature.  "
"All of these systems have dropped the dependency on a single central server, "
"and allow people to distribute their revision control data to where it's "
"actually needed.  Collaboration over the Internet has moved from constrained "

"offline indefinitely and autonomously, with a network connection only needed "
"when syncing changes with another repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:219
msgid "A few of the advantages of distributed revision control"
msgstr "分布版本控制的优点"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:222
msgid ""
"Even though distributed revision control tools have for several years been as "
"robust and usable as their previous-generation counterparts, people using "
"older tools have not yet necessarily woken up to their advantages.  There are "
"a number of ways in which distributed tools shine relative to centralised "
"ones."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:229
msgid ""
"For an individual developer, distributed tools are almost always much faster "
"than centralised tools.  This is for a simple reason: a centralised tool "
"needs to talk over the network for many common operations, because most "
"metadata is stored in a single copy on the central server.  A distributed "

"value of a snappy, responsive tool: you're going to spend a lot of time "
"interacting with your revision control software."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:240
msgid ""
"Distributed tools are indifferent to the vagaries of your server "
"infrastructure, again because they replicate metadata to so many locations.  "
"If you use a centralised system and your server catches fire, you'd better "
"hope that your backup media are reliable, and that your last backup was "
"recent and actually worked.  With a distributed tool, you have many backups "
"available on every contributor's computer."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:248
msgid ""
"The reliability of your network will affect distributed tools far less than "
"it will centralised tools.  You can't even use a centralised tool without a "
"network connection, except for a few highly constrained commands.  With a "
"distributed tool, if your network connection goes down while you're working, "

"with local operations.  If you have a far-flung team of collaborators, this "
"may be significant."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:259
msgid "Advantages for open source projects"
msgstr "开源项目的优点"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:261
msgid ""
"If you take a shine to an open source project and decide that you would like "
"to start hacking on it, and that project uses a distributed revision control "
"tool, you are at once a peer with the people who consider themselves the "
"<quote>core</quote> of that project.  If they publish their repositories, you "

"local modifications will be at risk of corruption any time you try to update "
"your client's view of the repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:277
msgid "The forking non-problem"
msgstr "分叉不是问题"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:279
msgid ""
"It has been suggested that distributed revision control tools pose some sort "
"of risk to open source projects because they make it easy to <quote>fork</"
"quote> the development of a project.  A fork happens when there are "
"differences in opinion or attitude between groups of developers that cause "

"more or less complete copy of the project's source code, and goes off in its "
"own direction."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:289
msgid ""
"Sometimes the camps in a fork decide to reconcile their differences. With a "
"centralised revision control system, the <emphasis>technical</emphasis> "
"process of reconciliation is painful, and has to be performed largely by "
"hand.  You have to decide whose revision history is going to <quote>win</"
"quote>, and graft the other team's changes into the tree somehow. This "
"usually loses some or all of one side's revision history."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:298
msgid ""
"What distributed tools do with respect to forking is they make forking the "
"<emphasis>only</emphasis> way to develop a project.  Every single change that "
"you make is potentially a fork point.  The great strength of this approach is "
"that a distributed revision control tool has to be really good at "
"<emphasis>merging</emphasis> forks, because forks are absolutely fundamental: "
"they happen all the time."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:307
msgid ""
"If every piece of work that everybody does, all the time, is framed in terms "
"of forking and merging, then what the open source world refers to as a "
"<quote>fork</quote> becomes <emphasis>purely</emphasis> a social issue.  If "
"anything, distributed tools <emphasis>lower</emphasis> the likelihood of a "
"fork:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:314
msgid ""
"They eliminate the social distinction that centralised tools impose: that "
"between insiders (people with commit access) and outsiders (people without)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:318
msgid ""
"They make it easier to reconcile after a social fork, because all that's "
"involved from the perspective of the revision control software is just "
"another merge."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:323
msgid ""
"Some people resist distributed tools because they want to retain tight "
"control over their projects, and they believe that centralised tools give "
"them this control.  However, if you're of this belief, and you publish your "
"CVS or Subversion repositories publicly, there are plenty of tools available "

"illusory, you are forgoing the ability to fluidly collaborate with whatever "
"people feel compelled to mirror and fork your history."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:338
msgid "Advantages for commercial projects"
msgstr "商业项目的优点"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:340
msgid ""
"Many commercial projects are undertaken by teams that are scattered across "
"the globe.  Contributors who are far from a central server will see slower "
"command execution and perhaps less reliability.  Commercial revision control "
"systems attempt to ameliorate these problems with remote-site replication add-"

"site, so that there's no redundant communication between repositories over "
"expensive long-haul network links."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:352
msgid ""
"Centralised revision control systems tend to have relatively low "
"scalability.  It's not unusual for an expensive centralised system to fall "
"over under the combined load of just a few dozen concurrent users.  Once "
"again, the typical response tends to be an expensive and clunky replication "
"facility.  Since the load on a central server—if you have one at all—is many "
"times lower with a distributed tool (because all of the data is replicated "
"everywhere), a single cheap server can handle the needs of a much larger "
"team, and replication to balance load becomes a simple matter of scripting."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:364
msgid ""
"If you have an employee in the field, troubleshooting a problem at a "
"customer's site, they'll benefit from distributed revision control. The tool "
"will let them generate custom builds, try different fixes in isolation from "
"each other, and search efficiently through history for the sources of bugs "
"and regressions in the customer's environment, all without needing to connect "
"to your company's network."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:375
msgid "Why choose Mercurial?"
msgstr "为什么选择 Mercurial?"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:377
msgid ""
"Mercurial has a unique set of properties that make it a particularly good "
"choice as a revision control system."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:380
msgid "It is easy to learn and use."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:381
msgid "It is lightweight."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:382
msgid "It scales excellently."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:383
msgid "It is easy to customise."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:386
msgid ""
"If you are at all familiar with revision control systems, you should be able "
"to get up and running with Mercurial in less than five minutes.  Even if not, "
"it will take no more than a few minutes longer.  Mercurial's command and "
"feature sets are generally uniform and consistent, so you can keep track of a "
"few general rules instead of a host of exceptions."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:393
msgid ""
"On a small project, you can start working with Mercurial in moments. Creating "
"new changes and branches; transferring changes around (whether locally or "
"over a network); and history and status operations are all fast.  Mercurial "
"attempts to stay nimble and largely out of your way by combining low "
"cognitive overhead with blazingly fast operations."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:400
msgid ""
"The usefulness of Mercurial is not limited to small projects: it is used by "
"projects with hundreds to thousands of contributors, each containing tens of "
"thousands of files and hundreds of megabytes of source code."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:405
msgid ""
"If the core functionality of Mercurial is not enough for you, it's easy to "
"build on.  Mercurial is well suited to scripting tasks, and its clean "
"internals and implementation in Python make it easy to add features in the "
"form of extensions.  There are a number of popular and useful extensions "
"already available, ranging from helping to identify bugs to improving "
"performance."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:415
msgid "Mercurial compared with other tools"
msgstr "Mercurial 与其它工具的比较"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:417
msgid ""
"Before you read on, please understand that this section necessarily reflects "
"my own experiences, interests, and (dare I say it) biases.  I have used every "
"one of the revision control tools listed below, in most cases for several "
"years at a time."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:425 ../en/ch00-preface.xml:636
msgid "Subversion"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:427
msgid ""
"Subversion is a popular revision control tool, developed to replace CVS.  It "
"has a centralised client/server architecture."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:431
msgid ""
"Subversion and Mercurial have similarly named commands for performing the "
"same operations, so if you're familiar with one, it is easy to learn to use "
"the other.  Both tools are portable to all popular operating systems."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:436
msgid ""
"Prior to version 1.5, Subversion had no useful support for merges. At the "
"time of writing, its merge tracking capability is new, and known to be <ulink "
"url=\"http://svnbook.red-bean.com/nightly/en/svn.branchmerge.advanced."
"html#svn.branchmerge.advanced.finalword\">complicated and buggy</ulink>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:442
msgid ""
"Mercurial has a substantial performance advantage over Subversion on every "
"revision control operation I have benchmarked.  I have measured its advantage "
"as ranging from a factor of two to a factor of six when compared with "
"Subversion 1.4.3's <emphasis>ra_local</emphasis> file store, which is the "

"Subversion does not have useful replication facilities, server capacity and "
"network bandwidth become bottlenecks for modestly large projects."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:455
msgid ""
"Additionally, Subversion incurs substantial storage overhead to avoid network "
"transactions for a few common operations, such as finding modified files "
"(<literal>status</literal>) and displaying modifications against the current "
"revision (<literal>diff</literal>).  As a result, a Subversion working copy "

"directory, even though the Mercurial repository contains a complete history "
"of the project."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:465
msgid ""
"Subversion is widely supported by third party tools.  Mercurial currently "
"lags considerably in this area.  This gap is closing, however, and indeed "
"some of Mercurial's GUI tools now outshine their Subversion equivalents.  "
"Like Mercurial, Subversion has an excellent user manual."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:471
msgid ""
"Because Subversion doesn't store revision history on the client, it is well "
"suited to managing projects that deal with lots of large, opaque binary "
"files.  If you check in fifty revisions to an incompressible 10MB file, "
"Subversion's client-side space usage stays constant The space used by any "
"distributed SCM will grow rapidly in proportion to the number of revisions, "
"because the differences between each revision are large."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:480
msgid ""
"In addition, it's often difficult or, more usually, impossible to merge "
"different versions of a binary file.  Subversion's ability to let a user lock "
"a file, so that they temporarily have the exclusive right to commit changes "
"to it, can be a significant advantage to a project where binary files are "
"widely used."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:487
msgid ""
"Mercurial can import revision history from a Subversion repository. It can "
"also export revision history to a Subversion repository.  This makes it easy "
"to <quote>test the waters</quote> and use Mercurial and Subversion in "
"parallel before deciding to switch.  History conversion is incremental, so "
"you can perform an initial conversion, then small additional conversions "
"afterwards to bring in new changes."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:499 ../en/ch00-preface.xml:638
msgid "Git"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:501
msgid ""
"Git is a distributed revision control tool that was developed for managing "
"the Linux kernel source tree.  Like Mercurial, its early design was somewhat "
"influenced by Monotone."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:506
msgid ""
"Git has a very large command set, with version 1.5.0 providing 139 individual "
"commands.  It has something of a reputation for being difficult to learn.  "
"Compared to Git, Mercurial has a strong focus on simplicity."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:511
msgid ""
"In terms of performance, Git is extremely fast.  In several cases, it is "
"faster than Mercurial, at least on Linux, while Mercurial performs better on "
"other operations.  However, on Windows, the performance and general level of "
"support that Git provides is, at the time of writing, far behind that of "
"Mercurial."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:518
msgid ""
"While a Mercurial repository needs no maintenance, a Git repository requires "
"frequent manual <quote>repacks</quote> of its metadata.  Without these, "
"performance degrades, while space usage grows rapidly.  A server that "
"contains many Git repositories that are not rigorously and frequently "

"freshly packed Git repository is slightly smaller than a Mercurial "
"repository, but an unpacked repository is several orders of magnitude larger."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:529
msgid ""
"The core of Git is written in C.  Many Git commands are implemented as shell "
"or Perl scripts, and the quality of these scripts varies widely. I have "
"encountered several instances where scripts charged along blindly in the "
"presence of errors that should have been fatal."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:535
msgid "Mercurial can import revision history from a Git repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:541 ../en/ch00-preface.xml:637
msgid "CVS"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:543
msgid ""
"CVS is probably the most widely used revision control tool in the world.  Due "
"to its age and internal untidiness, it has been only lightly maintained for "
"many years."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:547
msgid ""
"It has a centralised client/server architecture.  It does not group related "
"file changes into atomic commits, making it easy for people to <quote>break "
"the build</quote>: one person can successfully commit part of a change and "
"then be blocked by the need for a merge, causing other people to see only a "

"timestamps of the changes made to each file involved (if you even know what "
"those files were)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:559
msgid ""
"CVS has a muddled notion of tags and branches that I will not attempt to even "
"describe.  It does not support renaming of files or directories well, making "
"it easy to corrupt a repository.  It has almost no internal consistency "
"checking capabilities, so it is usually not even possible to tell whether or "
"how a repository is corrupt.  I would not recommend CVS for any project, "
"existing or new."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:567
msgid ""
"Mercurial can import CVS revision history.  However, there are a few caveats "
"that apply; these are true of every other revision control tool's CVS "
"importer, too.  Due to CVS's lack of atomic changes and unversioned "
"filesystem hierarchy, it is not possible to reconstruct CVS history "

"timestamps and files that have remained locked for over a decade are just two "
"of the less interesting problems I can recall from personal experience)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:581
msgid "Mercurial can import revision history from a CVS repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:587
msgid "Commercial tools"
msgstr "商业工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:589
msgid ""
"Perforce has a centralised client/server architecture, with no client-side "
"caching of any data.  Unlike modern revision control tools, Perforce requires "
"that a user run a command to inform the server about every file they intend "
"to edit."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:595
msgid ""
"The performance of Perforce is quite good for small teams, but it falls off "
"rapidly as the number of users grows beyond a few dozen. Modestly large "
"Perforce installations require the deployment of proxies to cope with the "
"load their users generate."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:604
msgid "Choosing a revision control tool"
msgstr "选择版本控制工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:606
msgid ""
"With the exception of CVS, all of the tools listed above have unique "
"strengths that suit them to particular styles of work.  There is no single "
"revision control tool that is best in all situations."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:611
msgid ""
"As an example, Subversion is a good choice for working with frequently edited "
"binary files, due to its centralised nature and support for file locking."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:615
msgid ""
"I personally find Mercurial's properties of simplicity, performance, and good "
"merge support to be a compelling combination that has served me well for "
"several years."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:623
msgid "Switching from another tool to Mercurial"
msgstr "从其它工具切换到 Mercurial"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:625
msgid ""
"Mercurial is bundled with an extension named <literal role=\"hg-ext"
"\">convert</literal>, which can incrementally import revision history from "
"several other revision control tools.  By <quote>incremental</quote>, I mean "
"that you can convert all of a project's history to date in one go, then rerun "
"the conversion later to obtain new changes that happened after the initial "
"conversion."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:633
msgid ""
"The revision control tools supported by <literal role=\"hg-ext\">convert</"
"literal> are as follows:"
msgstr "<literal role=\"hg-ext\">convert</literal> 支持的版本控制工具有:"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:639
msgid "Darcs"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:641
msgid ""
"In addition, <literal role=\"hg-ext\">convert</literal> can export changes "
"from Mercurial to Subversion.  This makes it possible to try Subversion and "
"Mercurial in parallel before committing to a switchover, without risking the "
"loss of any work."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:647
msgid ""
"The <command role=\"hg-ext-convert\">convert</command> command is easy to "
"use.  Simply point it at the path or URL of the source repository, optionally "
"give it the name of the destination repository, and it will start working.  "
"After the initial conversion, just run the same command again to import new "
"changes."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:656
msgid "A short history of revision control"
msgstr "版本控制简史"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:658
msgid ""
"The best known of the old-time revision control tools is SCCS (Source Code "
"Control System), which Marc Rochkind wrote at Bell Labs, in the early 1970s.  "
"SCCS operated on individual files, and required every person working on a "
"project to have access to a shared workspace on a single system.  Only one "

"unlock them, preventing anyone else from modifying those files without the "
"help of an administrator."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:669
msgid ""
"Walter Tichy developed a free alternative to SCCS in the early 1980s; he "
"called his program RCS (Revision Control System).  Like SCCS, RCS required "
"developers to work in a single shared workspace, and to lock files to prevent "
"multiple people from modifying them simultaneously."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:675
msgid ""
"Later in the 1980s, Dick Grune used RCS as a building block for a set of "
"shell scripts he initially called cmt, but then renamed to CVS (Concurrent "
"Versions System).  The big innovation of CVS was that it let developers work "
"simultaneously and somewhat independently in their own personal workspaces.  "

"of every project file, and could modify their copies independently.  They had "
"to merge their edits prior to committing changes to the central repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:686
msgid ""
"Brian Berliner took Grune's original scripts and rewrote them in C, releasing "
"in 1989 the code that has since developed into the modern version of CVS.  "
"CVS subsequently acquired the ability to operate over a network connection, "
"giving it a client/server architecture.  CVS's architecture is centralised; "

"successful; it is probably the world's most widely used revision control "
"system."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:697
msgid ""
"In the early 1990s, Sun Microsystems developed an early distributed revision "
"control system, called TeamWare.  A TeamWare workspace contains a complete "
"copy of the project's history.  TeamWare has no notion of a central "
"repository.  (CVS relied upon RCS for its history storage; TeamWare used "
"SCCS.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:704
msgid ""
"As the 1990s progressed, awareness grew of a number of problems with CVS.  It "
"records simultaneous changes to multiple files individually, instead of "
"grouping them together as a single logically atomic operation.  It does not "
"manage its file hierarchy well; it is easy to make a mess of a repository by "

"and maintain, which made the <quote>pain level</quote> of fixing these "
"architectural problems prohibitive."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:714
msgid ""
"In 2001, Jim Blandy and Karl Fogel, two developers who had worked on CVS, "
"started a project to replace it with a tool that would have a better "
"architecture and cleaner code.  The result, Subversion, does not stray from "
"CVS's centralised client/server model, but it adds multi-file atomic commits, "

"generally better tool than CVS. Since its initial release, it has rapidly "
"grown in popularity."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:723
msgid ""
"More or less simultaneously, Graydon Hoare began working on an ambitious "
"distributed revision control system that he named Monotone. While Monotone "
"addresses many of CVS's design flaws and has a peer-to-peer architecture, it "
"goes beyond earlier (and subsequent) revision control tools in a number of "
"innovative ways.  It uses cryptographic hashes as identifiers, and has an "
"integral notion of <quote>trust</quote> for code from different sources."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:732
msgid ""
"Mercurial began life in 2005.  While a few aspects of its design are "
"influenced by Monotone, Mercurial focuses on ease of use, high performance, "
"and scalability to very large projects."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:740
#, fuzzy
msgid "Colophon—this book is Free"
msgstr "后记—本书是自由的!"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:742
msgid ""
"This book is licensed under the Open Publication License, and is produced "
"entirely using Free Software tools.  It is typeset with DocBook XML.  "
"Illustrations are drawn and rendered with <ulink url=\"http://www.inkscape."
"org/\">Inkscape</ulink>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:747
msgid ""
"The complete source code for this book is published as a Mercurial "
"repository, at <ulink url=\"http://hg.serpentine.com/mercurial/book\">http://"
"hg.serpentine.com/mercurial/book</ulink>."
msgstr ""

"对于每种流行的操作系统，都有已经构建的二进制软件包。这让在你的计算机上开始使"
"用 Mercurial 变得很容易。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:15
msgid "Windows"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:17
msgid ""
"The best version of Mercurial for Windows is TortoiseHg, which can be found "
"at <ulink url=\"http://bitbucket.org/tortoisehg/stable/wiki/Home\">http://"
"bitbucket.org/tortoisehg/stable/wiki/Home</ulink>.  This package has no "
"external dependencies; it <quote>just works</quote>.  It provides both "
"command line and graphical user interfaces."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:27
msgid "Mac OS X"
msgstr "Mac OS X"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:29
msgid ""
"Lee Cantey publishes an installer of Mercurial for Mac OS X at <ulink url="
"\"http://mercurial.berkwood.com\">http://mercurial.berkwood.com</ulink>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:35
msgid "Linux"
msgstr "Linux"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:37
msgid ""
"Because each Linux distribution has its own packaging tools, policies, and "
"rate of development, it's difficult to give a comprehensive set of "
"instructions on how to install Mercurial binaries.  The version of Mercurial "
"that you will end up with can vary depending on how active the person is who "

"由于每种 Linux 发行版都有自己的包管理工具，开发策略和进度，从而很难给出安装 "
"Mercurial 二进制包的全面说明。你安装的 Mercurial 版本，在很大程度上依赖于你所"
"使用的发行版的 Mercurial 维护者的活跃程度。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:44
msgid ""
"To keep things simple, I will focus on installing Mercurial from the command "
"line under the most popular Linux distributions.  Most of these distributions "
"provide graphical package managers that will let you install Mercurial with a "
"single click; the package name to look for is <literal>mercurial</literal>."

"为了让事情简单，我会致力于说明在最流行的 Linux 发行版中，从命令行安装 "
"Mercurial 的方法。这些发行版都提供了图形界面的包管理器，让你通过点击鼠标安装 "
"Mercurial；寻找的包名称是 <literal>mercurial</literal>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:52
msgid "Ubuntu and Debian:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:54
#, fuzzy
msgid "Fedora and OpenSUSE:"
msgstr "OpenSUSE:"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:56
msgid "Gentoo:"
msgstr "Gentoo:"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:62
msgid "Solaris"
msgstr "Solaris"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:64
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"SunFreeWare, at <ulink url=\"http://www.sunfreeware.com\">http://www."
"sunfreeware.com</ulink>, provides prebuilt packages of Mercurial."
msgstr ""
"位于 <ulink url=\"http://www.sunfreeware.com\">http://www.sunfreeware.com</"
"ulink> 的 SunFreeWare 是很好的二进制安装源，它包含 Intel 和 Sparc 架构的 32 位"
"和 64 位包，包含 Mercurial 的当前版本。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:73
msgid "Getting started"
msgstr "开始"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:75
msgid ""
"To begin, we'll use the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg version</command> command "
"to find out whether Mercurial is actually installed properly.  The actual "
"version information that it prints isn't so important; it's whether it prints "
"anything at all that we care about."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:84
msgid "Built-in help"
msgstr "内置帮助"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:86
msgid ""
"Mercurial provides a built-in help system.  This is invaluable for those "
"times when you find yourself stuck trying to remember how to run a command.  "
"If you are completely stuck, simply run <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg help</"
"command>; it will print a brief list of commands, along with a description of "
"what each does.  If you ask for help on a specific command (as below), it "
"prints more detailed information."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:97
msgid ""
"For a more impressive level of detail (which you won't usually need) run "
"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg help <option role=\"hg-opt-global\">-v</option></"
"command>.  The <option role=\"hg-opt-global\">-v</option> option is short for "
"<option role=\"hg-opt-global\">--verbose</option>, and tells Mercurial to "
"print more information than it usually would."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:108
msgid "Working with a repository"
msgstr "使用版本库"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:110
msgid ""
"In Mercurial, everything happens inside a <emphasis>repository</emphasis>.  "
"The repository for a project contains all of the files that <quote>belong to</"
"quote> that project, along with a historical record of the project's files."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:116
msgid ""
"There's nothing particularly magical about a repository; it is simply a "
"directory tree in your filesystem that Mercurial treats as special. You can "
"rename or delete a repository any time you like, using either the command "
"line or your file browser."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:123
msgid "Making a local copy of a repository"
msgstr "创建版本库的工作副本"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:125
msgid ""
"<emphasis>Copying</emphasis> a repository is just a little bit special.  "
"While you could use a normal file copying command to make a copy of a "
"repository, it's best to use a built-in command that Mercurial provides.  "
"This command is called <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg clone</command>, because "
"it makes an identical copy of an existing repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:134
msgid ""
"One advantage of using <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg clone</command> is that, "
"as we can see above, it lets us clone repositories over the network.  Another "
"is that it remembers where we cloned from, which we'll find useful soon when "
"we want to fetch new changes from another repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:140
msgid ""
"If our clone succeeded, we should now have a local directory called <filename "
"class=\"directory\">hello</filename>.  This directory will contain some files."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:146
msgid ""
"These files have the same contents and history in our repository as they do "
"in the repository we cloned."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:149
msgid ""
"Every Mercurial repository is complete, self-contained, and independent.  It "
"contains its own private copy of a project's files and history.  As we just "
"mentioned, a cloned repository remembers the location of the repository it "
"was cloned from, but Mercurial will not communicate with that repository, or "
"any other, unless you tell it to."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:156
msgid ""
"What this means for now is that we're free to experiment with our repository, "
"safe in the knowledge that it's a private <quote>sandbox</quote> that won't "
"affect anyone else."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:162
msgid "What's in a repository?"
msgstr "什么是版本库?"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:164
msgid ""
"When we take a more detailed look inside a repository, we can see that it "
"contains a directory named <filename class=\"directory\">.hg</filename>.  "
"This is where Mercurial keeps all of its metadata for the repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:171
msgid ""
"The contents of the <filename class=\"directory\">.hg</filename> directory "
"and its subdirectories are private to Mercurial.  Every other file and "
"directory in the repository is yours to do with as you please."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:177
msgid ""
"To introduce a little terminology, the <filename class=\"directory\">.hg</"
"filename> directory is the <quote>real</quote> repository, and all of the "
"files and directories that coexist with it are said to live in the "
"<emphasis>working directory</emphasis>.  An easy way to remember the "

"directory</emphasis> contains a <emphasis>snapshot</emphasis> of your project "
"at a particular point in history."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:192
msgid "A tour through history"
msgstr "回溯历史"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:194
msgid ""
"One of the first things we might want to do with a new, unfamiliar repository "
"is understand its history.  The <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log</command> "
"command gives us a view of the history of changes in the repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:201
msgid ""
"By default, this command prints a brief paragraph of output for each change "
"to the project that was recorded.  In Mercurial terminology, we call each of "
"these recorded events a <emphasis>changeset</emphasis>, because it can "
"contain a record of changes to several files."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:207
msgid ""
"The fields in a record of output from <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log</"
"command> are as follows."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:211
msgid ""
"<literal>changeset</literal>: This field has the format of a number, followed "
"by a colon, followed by a hexadecimal (or <emphasis>hex</emphasis>)  string.  "
"These are <emphasis>identifiers</emphasis> for the changeset.  The hex string "
"is a unique identifier: the same hex string will always refer to the same "
"changeset. The number is shorter and easier to type than the hex string, but "
"it isn't unique: the same number in two different clones of a repository may "
"identify different changesets.  Why provide the number at all, then? For "
"local convenience."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:223
msgid ""
"<literal>user</literal>: The identity of the person who created the "
"changeset.  This is a free-form field, but it most often contains a person's "
"name and email address."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:227
msgid ""
"<literal>date</literal>: The date and time on which the changeset was "
"created, and the timezone in which it was created.  (The date and time are "
"local to that timezone; they display what time and date it was for the person "
"who created the changeset.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:232
msgid ""
"<literal>summary</literal>: The first line of the text message that the "
"creator of the changeset entered to describe the changeset."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:236
msgid ""
"Some changesets, such as the first in the list above, have a <literal>tag</"
"literal> field.  A tag is another way to identify a changeset, by giving it "
"an easy-to-remember name. (The tag named <literal>tip</literal> is special: "
"it always refers to the newest change in a repository.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:244
msgid ""
"The default output printed by <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log</command> is "
"purely a summary; it is missing a lot of detail."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:248
msgid ""
"<xref linkend=\"fig:tour-basic:history\"/> provides a graphical "
"representation of the history of the <filename class=\"directory\">hello</"
"filename> repository, to make it a little easier to see which direction "
"history is <quote>flowing</quote> in.  We'll be returning to this figure "
"several times in this chapter and the chapter that follows."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><figure><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:257
msgid ""
"Graphical history of the <filename class=\"directory\">hello</filename> "
"repository"
msgstr "版本库 <filename class=\"directory\">hello</filename> 的历史图"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><figure>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:259 ../en/ch02-tour-merge.xml:50
#: ../en/ch02-tour-merge.xml:181 ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:293
msgid "<placeholder type=\"mediaobject\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:260
msgid ""
"<imageobject><imagedata fileref=\"figs/tour-history.png\"/></imageobject>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:261 ../en/ch02-tour-merge.xml:52
#: ../en/ch02-tour-merge.xml:82 ../en/ch02-tour-merge.xml:129
#: ../en/ch02-tour-merge.xml:183 ../en/ch02-tour-merge.xml:254
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:57 ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:106
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:191 ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:295
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:346 ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:361

#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:515 ../en/ch11-mq.xml:412
msgid "XXX add text"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:266
msgid "Changesets, revisions, and talking to other people"
msgstr "修改集，版本，与其它用户交互"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:269
msgid ""
"As English is a notoriously sloppy language, and computer science has a "
"hallowed history of terminological confusion (why use one term when four will "
"do?), revision control has a variety of words and phrases that mean the same "
"thing.  If you are talking about Mercurial history with other people, you "

"<quote>change</quote> or (when written)  <quote>cset</quote>, and sometimes a "
"changeset is referred to as a <quote>revision</quote> or a <quote>rev</quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:279
msgid ""
"While it doesn't matter what <emphasis>word</emphasis> you use to refer to "
"the concept of <quote>a changeset</quote>, the <emphasis>identifier</"
"emphasis> that you use to refer to <quote>a <emphasis>specific</emphasis> "
"changeset</quote> is of great importance. Recall that the <literal>changeset</"
"literal> field in the output from <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log</command> "
"identifies a changeset using both a number and a hexadecimal string."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:288
msgid ""
"The revision number is a handy notation that is <emphasis>only valid in that "
"repository</emphasis>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:291
msgid ""
"The hexadecimal string is the <emphasis>permanent, unchanging identifier</"
"emphasis> that will always identify that exact changeset in <emphasis>every</"
"emphasis> copy of the repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:297
msgid ""
"This distinction is important.  If you send someone an email talking about "
"<quote>revision 33</quote>, there's a high likelihood that their revision 33 "
"will <emphasis>not be the same</emphasis> as yours.  The reason for this is "
"that a revision number depends on the order in which changes arrived in a "
"repository, and there is no guarantee that the same changes will happen in "
"the same order in different repositories. Three changes <literal>a,b,c</"
"literal> can easily appear in one repository as <literal>0,1,2</literal>, "
"while in another as <literal>0,2,1</literal>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:309
msgid ""
"Mercurial uses revision numbers purely as a convenient shorthand.  If you "
"need to discuss a changeset with someone, or make a record of a changeset for "
"some other reason (for example, in a bug report), use the hexadecimal "
"identifier."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:317
msgid "Viewing specific revisions"
msgstr "察看指定版本"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:319
msgid ""
"To narrow the output of <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log</command> down to a "
"single revision, use the <option role=\"hg-opt-log\">-r</option> (or <option "
"role=\"hg-opt-log\">--rev</option>) option.  You can use either a revision "
"number or a hexadecimal identifier, and you can provide as many revisions as "
"you want."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:328
msgid ""
"If you want to see the history of several revisions without having to list "
"each one, you can use <emphasis>range notation</emphasis>; this lets you "
"express the idea <quote>I want all revisions between <literal>abc</literal> "
"and <literal>def</literal>, inclusive</quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:336
msgid ""
"Mercurial also honours the order in which you specify revisions, so <command "
"role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log -r 2:4</command> prints 2, 3, and 4. while <command "
"role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log -r 4:2</command> prints 4, 3, and 2."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:343
msgid "More detailed information"
msgstr "更详细的信息"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:345
msgid ""
"While the summary information printed by <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log</"
"command> is useful if you already know what you're looking for, you may need "
"to see a complete description of the change, or a list of the files changed, "
"if you're trying to decide whether a changeset is the one you're looking for. "

"global\">-v</option> (or <option role=\"hg-opt-global\">--verbose</option>) "
"option gives you this extra detail."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:357
msgid ""
"If you want to see both the description and content of a change, add the "
"<option role=\"hg-opt-log\">-p</option> (or <option role=\"hg-opt-log\">--"
"patch</option>) option.  This displays the content of a change as a "
"<emphasis>unified diff</emphasis> (if you've never seen a unified diff "
"before, see <xref linkend=\"sec:mq:patch\"/> for an overview)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:367
msgid ""
"The <option role=\"hg-opt-log\">-p</option> option is tremendously useful, so "
"it's well worth remembering."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:374
msgid "All about command options"
msgstr "命令选项"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:376
msgid ""
"Let's take a brief break from exploring Mercurial commands to discuss a "
"pattern in the way that they work; you may find this useful to keep in mind "
"as we continue our tour."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:380
msgid ""
"Mercurial has a consistent and straightforward approach to dealing with the "
"options that you can pass to commands.  It follows the conventions for "
"options that are common to modern Linux and Unix systems."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:387
msgid ""
"Every option has a long name.  For example, as we've already seen, the "
"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log</command> command accepts a <option role=\"hg-"
"opt-log\">--rev</option> option."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:393
msgid ""
"Most options have short names, too.  Instead of <option role=\"hg-opt-log\">--"
"rev</option>, we can use <option role=\"hg-opt-log\">-r</option>.  (The "
"reason that some options don't have short names is that the options in "
"question are rarely used.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:400
msgid ""
"Long options start with two dashes (e.g.  <option role=\"hg-opt-log\">--rev</"
"option>), while short options start with one (e.g. <option role=\"hg-opt-log"
"\">-r</option>)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:406
msgid ""
"Option naming and usage is consistent across commands.  For example, every "
"command that lets you specify a changeset ID or revision number accepts both "
"<option role=\"hg-opt-log\">-r</option> and <option role=\"hg-opt-log\">--"
"rev</option> arguments."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:413
msgid ""
"If you are using short options, you can save typing by running them together. "
"For example, the command <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log -v -p -r 2</command> "
"can be written as <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log -vpr2</command>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:420
msgid ""
"In the examples throughout this book, I use short options instead of long.  "
"This just reflects my own preference, so don't read anything significant into "
"it."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:424
msgid ""
"Most commands that print output of some kind will print more output when "
"passed a <option role=\"hg-opt-global\">-v</option> (or <option role=\"hg-opt-"
"global\">--verbose</option>) option, and less when passed <option role=\"hg-"
"opt-global\">-q</option> (or <option role=\"hg-opt-global\">--quiet</option>)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><note><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:431
msgid "Option naming consistency"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><note><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:433
msgid ""
"Almost always, Mercurial commands use consistent option names to refer to the "
"same concepts.  For instance, if a command deals with changesets, you'll "
"always identify them with <option role=\"hg-opt-log\">--rev</option> or "
"<option role=\"hg-opt-log\">-r</option>.  This consistent use of option names "
"makes it easier to remember what options a particular command takes."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:444
msgid "Making and reviewing changes"
msgstr "创建和复审修改"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:446
msgid ""
"Now that we have a grasp of viewing history in Mercurial, let's take a look "
"at making some changes and examining them."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:450
msgid ""
"The first thing we'll do is isolate our experiment in a repository of its "
"own.  We use the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg clone</command> command, but we "
"don't need to clone a copy of the remote repository.  Since we already have a "
"copy of it locally, we can just clone that instead.  This is much faster than "
"cloning over the network, and cloning a local repository uses less disk space "
"in most cases, too<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:457
msgid ""
"The saving of space arises when source and destination repositories are on "
"the same filesystem, in which case Mercurial will use hardlinks to do copy-on-"
"write sharing of its internal metadata.  If that explanation meant nothing to "
"you, don't worry: everything happens transparently and automatically, and you "
"don't need to understand it."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:467
msgid ""
"As an aside, it's often good practice to keep a <quote>pristine</quote> copy "
"of a remote repository around, which you can then make temporary clones of to "
"create sandboxes for each task you want to work on.  This lets you work on "
"multiple tasks in parallel, each isolated from the others until it's complete "

"there's almost no overhead to cloning and destroying repositories whenever "
"you want."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:476
msgid ""
"In our <filename class=\"directory\">my-hello</filename> repository, we have "
"a file <filename>hello.c</filename> that contains the classic <quote>hello, "
"world</quote> program."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:482
msgid "Let's edit this file so that it prints a second line of output."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:487
msgid ""
"Mercurial's <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg status</command> command will tell us "
"what Mercurial knows about the files in the repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:493
msgid ""
"The <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg status</command> command prints no output for "
"some files, but a line starting with <quote><literal>M</literal></quote> for "
"<filename>hello.c</filename>.  Unless you tell it to, <command role=\"hg-cmd"
"\">hg status</command> will not print any output for files that have not been "
"modified."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:500
msgid ""
"The <quote><literal>M</literal></quote> indicates that Mercurial has noticed "
"that we modified <filename>hello.c</filename>.  We didn't need to "
"<emphasis>inform</emphasis> Mercurial that we were going to modify the file "
"before we started, or that we had modified the file after we were done; it "
"was able to figure this out itself."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:508
msgid ""
"It's somewhat helpful to know that we've modified <filename>hello.c</"
"filename>, but we might prefer to know exactly <emphasis>what</emphasis> "
"changes we've made to it.  To do this, we use the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
"diff</command> command."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:517 ../en/ch11-mq.xml:187
msgid "Understanding patches"
msgstr "理解补丁"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><tip><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:519
msgid ""
"Remember to take a look at <xref linkend=\"sec:mq:patch\"/> if you don't know "
"how to read output above."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:525
msgid "Recording changes in a new changeset"
msgstr "在新修改集中记录修改"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:527
msgid ""
"We can modify files, build and test our changes, and use <command role=\"hg-"
"cmd\">hg status</command> and <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg diff</command> to "
"review our changes, until we're satisfied with what we've done and arrive at "
"a natural stopping point where we want to record our work in a new changeset."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:534
msgid ""
"The <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg commit</command> command lets us create a new "
"changeset; we'll usually refer to this as <quote>making a commit</quote> or "
"<quote>committing</quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:540
msgid "Setting up a username"
msgstr "配置用户名称"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:542
msgid ""
"When you try to run <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg commit</command> for the "
"first time, it is not guaranteed to succeed.  Mercurial records your name and "
"address with each change that you commit, so that you and others will later "
"be able to tell who made each change.  Mercurial tries to automatically "
"figure out a sensible username to commit the change with.  It will attempt "
"each of the following methods, in order:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:551
msgid ""
"If you specify a <option role=\"hg-opt-commit\">-u</option> option to the "
"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg commit</command> command on the command line, "
"followed by a username, this is always given the highest precedence."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:556
msgid ""
"If you have set the <envar>HGUSER</envar> environment variable, this is "
"checked next."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:559
msgid ""
"If you create a file in your home directory called <filename role=\"special"
"\">.hgrc</filename>, with a <envar role=\"rc-item-ui\">username</envar> "
"entry, that will be used next.  To see what the contents of this file should "
"look like, refer to <xref linkend=\"sec:tour-basic:username\"/> below."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:567
msgid ""
"If you have set the <envar>EMAIL</envar> environment variable, this will be "
"used next."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:570
msgid ""
"Mercurial will query your system to find out your local user name and host "
"name, and construct a username from these components. Since this often "
"results in a username that is not very useful, it will print a warning if it "
"has to do this."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:577
msgid ""
"If all of these mechanisms fail, Mercurial will fail, printing an error "
"message.  In this case, it will not let you commit until you set up a "
"username."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:581
msgid ""
"You should think of the <envar>HGUSER</envar> environment variable and the "
"<option role=\"hg-opt-commit\">-u</option> option to the <command role=\"hg-"
"cmd\">hg commit</command> command as ways to <emphasis>override</emphasis> "
"Mercurial's default selection of username.  For normal use, the simplest and "
"most robust way to set a username for yourself is by creating a <filename "
"role=\"special\">.hgrc</filename> file; see below for details."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:590
msgid "Creating a Mercurial configuration file"
msgstr "创建 Mercurial 的配置文件"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:592
msgid ""
"To set a user name, use your favourite editor to create a file called "
"<filename role=\"special\">.hgrc</filename> in your home directory.  "
"Mercurial will use this file to look up your personalised configuration "
"settings.  The initial contents of your <filename role=\"special\">.hgrc</"
"filename> should look like this."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><remark>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:600
msgid "Figure out what the appropriate directory is on Windows."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:607
msgid ""
"The <quote><literal>[ui]</literal></quote> line begins a <emphasis>section</"
"emphasis> of the config file, so you can read the <quote><literal>username "
"= ...</literal></quote> line as meaning <quote>set the value of the "
"<literal>username</literal> item in the <literal>ui</literal> section</"

"file.  Mercurial ignores empty lines and treats any text from "
"<quote><literal>#</literal></quote> to the end of a line as a comment."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:620
msgid "Choosing a user name"
msgstr "选择用户名称"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:622
msgid ""
"You can use any text you like as the value of the <literal>username</literal> "
"config item, since this information is for reading by other people, but will "
"not be interpreted by Mercurial.  The convention that most people follow is "
"to use their name and email address, as in the example above."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><note><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:629
msgid ""
"Mercurial's built-in web server obfuscates email addresses, to make it more "
"difficult for the email harvesting tools that spammers use. This reduces the "
"likelihood that you'll start receiving more junk email if you publish a "
"Mercurial repository on the web."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:639
msgid "Writing a commit message"
msgstr "写提交日志"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:641
msgid ""
"When we commit a change, Mercurial drops us into a text editor, to enter a "
"message that will describe the modifications we've made in this changeset.  "
"This is called the <emphasis>commit message</emphasis>.  It will be a record "
"for readers of what we did and why, and it will be printed by <command role="
"\"hg-cmd\">hg log</command> after we've finished committing."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:651
msgid ""
"The editor that the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg commit</command> command "
"drops us into will contain an empty line or two, followed by a number of "
"lines starting with <quote><literal>HG:</literal></quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:665
msgid ""
"Mercurial ignores the lines that start with <quote><literal>HG:</literal></"
"quote>; it uses them only to tell us which files it's recording changes to.  "
"Modifying or deleting these lines has no effect."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:671
msgid "Writing a good commit message"
msgstr "写好提交日志"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:673
msgid ""
"Since <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log</command> only prints the first line of "
"a commit message by default, it's best to write a commit message whose first "
"line stands alone.  Here's a real example of a commit message that "
"<emphasis>doesn't</emphasis> follow this guideline, and hence has a summary "
"that is not readable."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:687
msgid ""
"As far as the remainder of the contents of the commit message are concerned, "
"there are no hard-and-fast rules.  Mercurial itself doesn't interpret or care "
"about the contents of the commit message, though your project may have "
"policies that dictate a certain kind of formatting."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:693
msgid ""
"My personal preference is for short, but informative, commit messages that "
"tell me something that I can't figure out with a quick glance at the output "
"of <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log --patch</command>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:700
msgid "Aborting a commit"
msgstr "终止提交"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:702
msgid ""
"If you decide that you don't want to commit while in the middle of editing a "
"commit message, simply exit from your editor without saving the file that "
"it's editing.  This will cause nothing to happen to either the repository or "
"the working directory."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:707
msgid ""
"If we run the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg commit</command> command without "
"any arguments, it records all of the changes we've made, as reported by "
"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg status</command> and <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
"diff</command>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:714
msgid "Admiring our new handiwork"
msgstr "欣赏我们的成果"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:716
msgid ""
"Once we've finished the commit, we can use the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
"tip</command> command to display the changeset we just created.  This command "
"produces output that is identical to <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log</"
"command>, but it only displays the newest revision in the repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:725
msgid ""
"We refer to the newest revision in the repository as the <emphasis>tip "
"revision</emphasis>, or simply the <emphasis>tip</emphasis>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:729
msgid ""
"By the way, the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg tip</command> command accepts "
"many of the same options as <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log</command>, so "
"<option role=\"hg-opt-global\">-v</option> above indicates <quote>be verbose</"
"quote>, <option role=\"hg-opt-tip\">-p</option> specifies <quote>print a "
"patch</quote>.  The use of <option role=\"hg-opt-tip\">-p</option> to print "
"patches is another example of the consistent naming we mentioned earlier."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:741
msgid "Sharing changes"
msgstr "共享修改"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:743
msgid ""
"We mentioned earlier that repositories in Mercurial are self-contained.  This "
"means that the changeset we just created exists only in our <filename class="
"\"directory\">my-hello</filename> repository.  Let's look at a few ways that "
"we can propagate this change into other repositories."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:751
msgid "Pulling changes from another repository"
msgstr "从其它版本库取得修改"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:752
msgid ""
"To get started, let's clone our original <filename class=\"directory\">hello</"
"filename> repository, which does not contain the change we just committed.  "
"We'll call our temporary repository <filename class=\"directory\">hello-pull</"
"filename>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:760
msgid ""
"We'll use the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</command> command to bring "
"changes from <filename class=\"directory\">my-hello</filename> into <filename "
"class=\"directory\">hello-pull</filename>.  However, blindly pulling unknown "
"changes into a repository is a somewhat scary prospect.  Mercurial provides "

"<emphasis>would</emphasis> pull into the repository, without actually pulling "
"the changes in."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:773
msgid ""
"Suppose you're pulling changes from a repository on the network somewhere. "
"While you are looking at the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg incoming</command> "
"output, and before you pull those changes, someone might have committed "
"something in the remote repository. This means that it's possible to pull "
"more changes than you saw when using <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg incoming</"
"command>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:781
msgid ""
"Bringing changes into a repository is a simple matter of running the <command "
"role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</command> command, and telling it which repository to "
"pull from."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:788
msgid ""
"As you can see from the before-and-after output of <command role=\"hg-cmd"
"\">hg tip</command>, we have successfully pulled changes into our "
"repository.  There remains one step before we can see these changes in the "
"working directory."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:796
msgid "Updating the working directory"
msgstr "更新工作目录"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:798
msgid ""
"We have so far glossed over the relationship between a repository and its "
"working directory.  The <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</command> command "
"that we ran in <xref linkend=\"sec:tour:pull\"/> brought changes into the "
"repository, but if we check, there's no sign of those changes in the working "

"not (by default) touch the working directory.  Instead, we use the <command "
"role=\"hg-cmd\">hg update</command> command to do this."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:810
msgid ""
"It might seem a bit strange that <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</command> "
"doesn't update the working directory automatically.  There's actually a good "
"reason for this: you can use <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg update</command> to "
"update the working directory to the state it was in at <emphasis>any "
"revision</emphasis> in the history of the repository.  If you had the working "
"directory updated to an old revision—to hunt down the origin of a bug, say—"
"and ran a <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</command> which automatically "
"updated the working directory to a new revision, you might not be terribly "
"happy."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:821
msgid ""
"However, since pull-then-update is such a common thing to do, Mercurial lets "
"you combine the two by passing the <option role=\"hg-opt-pull\">-u</option> "
"option to <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</command>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:826
msgid ""
"If you look back at the output of <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</command> "
"in <xref linkend=\"sec:tour:pull\"/> when we ran it without <option role=\"hg-"
"opt-pull\">-u</option>, you can see that it printed a helpful reminder that "
"we'd have to take an explicit step to update the working directory:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:835
msgid ""
"To find out what revision the working directory is at, use the <command role="
"\"hg-cmd\">hg parents</command> command."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:841
msgid ""
"If you look back at <xref linkend=\"fig:tour-basic:history\"/>, you'll see "
"arrows connecting each changeset.  The node that the arrow leads "
"<emphasis>from</emphasis> in each case is a parent, and the node that the "
"arrow leads <emphasis>to</emphasis> is its child.  The working directory has "
"a parent in just the same way; this is the changeset that the working "
"directory currently contains."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:850
msgid ""
"To update the working directory to a particular revision, give a revision "
"number or changeset ID to the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg update</command> "
"command."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:857
msgid ""
"If you omit an explicit revision, <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg update</"
"command> will update to the tip revision, as shown by the second call to "
"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg update</command> in the example above."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:865
msgid "Pushing changes to another repository"
msgstr "发布修改到其它版本库"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:867
msgid ""
"Mercurial lets us push changes to another repository, from the repository "
"we're currently visiting.  As with the example of <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
"pull</command> above, we'll create a temporary repository to push our changes "
"into."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:875
msgid ""
"The <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg outgoing</command> command tells us what "
"changes would be pushed into another repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:881
msgid ""
"And the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg push</command> command does the actual "
"push."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:887
msgid ""
"As with <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</command>, the <command role=\"hg-cmd"
"\">hg push</command> command does not update the working directory in the "
"repository that it's pushing changes into. Unlike <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
"pull</command>, <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg push</command> does not provide a "
"<literal>-u</literal> option that updates the other repository's working "
"directory.  This asymmetry is deliberate: the repository we're pushing to "
"might be on a remote server and shared between several people.  If we were to "
"update its working directory while someone was working in it, their work "
"would be disrupted."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:899
msgid ""
"What happens if we try to pull or push changes and the receiving repository "
"already has those changes? Nothing too exciting."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:906
msgid "Sharing changes over a network"
msgstr "通过网络共享修改"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:908
msgid ""
"The commands we have covered in the previous few sections are not limited to "
"working with local repositories.  Each works in exactly the same fashion over "
"a network connection; simply pass in a URL instead of a local path."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:916
msgid ""
"In this example, we can see what changes we could push to the remote "
"repository, but the repository is understandably not set up to let anonymous "
"users push to it."
msgstr ""

"accidentally remove a file without noticing."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:198
#, fuzzy
msgid "Useful shorthand—adding and removing files in one step"
msgstr "有用的速记—一个步骤添加和删除文件"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:201

"in."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch07-branch.xml:228
#, fuzzy
msgid "The flow of changes—big picture vs. little"
msgstr "修改流程—宏观与微观"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch07-branch.xml:230

"wherever your package installer put Mercurial."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:716
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"<literal role=\"hg-ext\">acl</literal>—access control for parts of a "
"repository"
msgstr "<literal role=\"hg-ext\">acl</literal>—版本库的访问控制"

"pushes from specific users."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:844
#, fuzzy
msgid "<literal role=\"hg-ext\">bugzilla</literal>—integration with Bugzilla"
msgstr "<literal role=\"hg-ext\">bugzilla</literal>—与 Bugzilla 的集成"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:848

"maps it to a valid Bugzilla user name."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1150
#, fuzzy
msgid "<literal role=\"hg-ext\">notify</literal>—send email notifications"
msgstr "<literal role=\"hg-ext\">notify</literal>—邮件通知"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1153

"bundle."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1431
#, fuzzy
msgid "Where changes are going—remote repository URLs"
msgstr "修改集要到哪里—远程版本库的地址"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1434

msgid "Hook reference"
msgstr "钩子参考"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1473
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"<literal role=\"hook\">changegroup</literal>—after remote changesets added"
msgstr "<literal role=\"hook\">changegroup</literal>—增加远程修改集之后"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>

"literal> (<xref linkend=\"sec:hook:pretxnchangegroup\"/>)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1526
#, fuzzy
msgid "<literal role=\"hook\">commit</literal>—after a new changeset is created"
msgstr "<literal role=\"hook\">commit</literal>—创建新修改集之后"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1529

"linkend=\"sec:hook:pretxncommit\"/>)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1559
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"<literal role=\"hook\">incoming</literal>—after one remote changeset is added"
msgstr "<literal role=\"hook\">incoming</literal>—增加远程修改集之后"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>

">)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1605
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"<literal role=\"hook\">outgoing</literal>—after changesets are propagated"
msgstr "<literal role=\"hook\">outgoing</literal>—传播修改集之后"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>

"hook:preoutgoing\"/>)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1652
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"<literal role=\"hook\">prechangegroup</literal>—before starting to add remote "
"changesets"
msgstr "<literal role=\"hook\">prechangegroup</literal>—增加远程修改集之前"

"literal> (<xref linkend=\"sec:hook:pretxnchangegroup\"/>)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1698
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"<literal role=\"hook\">precommit</literal>—before starting to commit a "
"changeset"
msgstr "<literal role=\"hook\">precommit</literal>—提交修改集之前"

"\"sec:hook:pretxncommit\"/>)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1738
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"<literal role=\"hook\">preoutgoing</literal>—before starting to propagate "
"changesets"
msgstr "<literal role=\"hook\">preoutgoing</literal>—传播修改集之前"

"outgoing\"/>)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1775
#, fuzzy
msgid "<literal role=\"hook\">pretag</literal>—before tagging a changeset"
msgstr "<literal role=\"hook\">pretag</literal>—创建标签之前"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1778

"\"/>)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1815
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"<literal role=\"hook\">pretxnchangegroup</literal>—before completing addition "
"of remote changesets"
msgstr ""
"<literal role=\"hook\">pretxnchangegroup</literal>—完成增加远程修改集之前"

"literal> (<xref linkend=\"sec:hook:prechangegroup\"/>)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1881
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"<literal role=\"hook\">pretxncommit</literal>—before completing commit of new "
"changeset"
msgstr "<literal role=\"hook\">pretxncommit</literal>—完成提交之前"

"参见: <literal role=\"hook\">precommit</literal> (<xref linkend=\"sec:hook:"
"precommit\"/>)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1929
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"<literal role=\"hook\">preupdate</literal>—before updating or merging working "
"directory"
msgstr "<literal role=\"hook\">preupdate</literal>—更新或合并工作目录之前"

"update\"/>)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1961
#, fuzzy
msgid "<literal role=\"hook\">tag</literal>—after tagging a changeset"
msgstr "<literal role=\"hook\">tag</literal>—创建标签之后"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1964

"参见: <literal role=\"hook\">pretag</literal> (<xref linkend=\"sec:hook:pretag"
"\"/>)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1998
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"<literal role=\"hook\">update</literal>—after updating or merging working "
"directory"
msgstr "<literal role=\"hook\">update</literal>—更新或合并工作目录之后"

"where a bug got introduced or fixed.  You can use the <command role=\"hg-cmd"
"\">hg annotate</command> command to see which changeset or patch modified a "
"particular line of a source file.  And so on."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:189
msgid ""
"Because MQ doesn't hide its patch-oriented nature, it is helpful to "
"understand what patches are, and a little about the tools that work with them."