Mercurial > hgbook
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| author | Yoshiki Yazawa <yaz@honeyplanet.jp> |
|---|---|
| date | Thu, 03 Dec 2009 01:26:08 +0900 |
| parents | 8a3041e6f3cb |
| children |
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%\chapter{A tour of Mercurial: the basics} \chapter{Mercurial$B%D%"!<(B: $B4pK\(B} \label{chap:tour-basic} %\section{Installing Mercurial on your system} \section{$B%7%9%F%`$X$N(BMercurial$B$N%$%s%9%H!<%k(B} \label{sec:tour:install} %Prebuilt binary packages of Mercurial are available for every popular %operating system. These make it easy to start using Mercurial on your %computer immediately. $B?M5$$N9b$$%*%Z%l!<%F%#%s%0%7%9%F%`$G$O(BMercurial$B$N%S%k%I:Q$_%P%$%J%j%Q%C(B $B%1!<%8$,Ds6!$5$l$F$$$k!%$3$l$rMQ$$$l$PFI<T$N7W;;5!$N>e$GD>$A$K(BMercurial $B$r;H$&$3$H$,$G$-$k!%(B \subsection{Windows} %The best version of Mercurial for Windows is TortoiseHg, which can be %found at \url{http://bitbucket.org/tortoisehg/stable/wiki/Home}. This %package has no external dependencies; it ``just works''. It %provides both command line and graphical user interfaces. Windows$B8~$1(BMercurial$B$N:G$bM%$l$?%P!<%8%g%s$G$"$k(BTortoiseHg$B$O!$(B \url{http://bitbucket.org/tortoisehg/stable/wiki/Home}$B$GF~<j$G$-$k!%(B $B$3$N%Q%C%1!<%8$O30It$N%Q%C%1!<%8$X0MB8$;$:!$$9$0$KF0:n$9$k!%%3%^%s%I%i%$(B $B%s%$%s%?%U%'!<%9$H%0%i%U%#%+%k%f!<%6%$%s%?%U%'!<%9$NN>J}$,MxMQ$G$-$k!%(B \subsection{Mac OS X} %Lee Cantey publishes an installer of Mercurial for Mac OS X at % \url{http://mercurial.berkwood.com}. Lee Cantey$B$O(BMac OS~X$B8~$1$N(BMercurial$B%$%s%9%H!<%i$r(B \url{http://mercurial.berkwood.com}$B$GG[I[$7$F$$$k!%(B \subsection{Linux} %Because each Linux distribution has its own packaging tools, policies, %and rate of development, it's difficult to give a comprehensive set of %instructions on how to install Mercurial binaries. The version of %Mercurial that you will end up with can vary depending on how active %the person is who maintains the package for your distribution. Linux$B$N3F%G%#%9%H%j%S%e!<%7%g%s$O$=$l$>$lFH<+$N%Q%C%1!<%8%D!<%k!$%]%j(B $B%7!<!$3+H/%Z!<%9$r;}$C$F$$$k$?$a!$A4$F$rLVMe$7$F(BMercurial$B%P%$%J%j$N%$%s%9(B $B%H!<%k<j=g$r=R$Y$k$3$H$O:$Fq$G$"$k!%$=$l$>$l$N%G%#%9%H%j%S%e!<%7%g%s$GMx(B $BMQ2DG=$J(BMercurial$B$N%P!<%8%g%s$O!$%Q%C%1!<%8%a%s%F%J$N3hF0$K0MB8$9$k!%(B %To keep things simple, I will focus on installing Mercurial from the %command line under the most popular Linux distributions. Most of %these distributions provide graphical package managers that will let %you install Mercurial with a single click; the package name to look %for is \texttt{mercurial}. $BC1=c2=$N$?$a$K!$BgB??t$N(BLinux$B%G%#%9%H%j%S%e!<%7%g%s$G%3%^%s%I%i%$%s$+$i(B Mercurial$B$r%$%s%9%H!<%k$9$kJ}K!$K8BDj$7$F@bL@$9$k$3$H$K$9$k!%$3$l$i$NBgH>(B $B$N%G%#%9%H%j%S%e!<%7%g%s$G$O!$(BMercurial$B$r%/%j%C%/(B1$B2s$G%$%s%9%H!<%k$G$-$k(B $B$h$&$J%0%i%U%#%+%k$J%Q%C%1!<%8%^%M!<%8%c$rMQ0U$7$F$$$k!%(B \begin{itemize} \item[Debian and Ubuntu] \begin{codesample4} apt-get install mercurial \end{codesample4} \item[Fedora and OpenSUSE] \begin{codesample4} yum install mercurial \end{codesample4} \item[Gentoo] \begin{codesample4} emerge mercurial \end{codesample4} % The Ubuntu package for Mercurial tends to lag behind the Debian % version by a considerable time margin (at the time of writing, seven % months), which in some cases will mean that on Ubuntu, you may run % into problems that have since been fixed in the Debian package. Ubuntu$B$N(BMercurial$B%Q%C%1!<%8$O(BDebian$B$N$b$N$KHf$Y$FL5;k$G$-$J$$$[$I$NCY$l(B $B$,$"$k!J$3$l$r=q$$$F$$$k;~E@$G$O(B7$B%+7n!K!%$3$N$?$a!$(BUbuntu$B$G(B $B$O(BDebian$B$G$O$9$G$K2r7h$5$l$?LdBj$KD>LL$9$k$+$b$7$l$J$$!%(B \end{itemize} \subsection{Solaris} %SunFreeWare, at \url{http://www.sunfreeware.com}, provides prebuilt %packages of Mercurial. \url{http://www.sunfreeware.com}$B$+$i%S%k%I:Q$_$N(BMercurial$B%Q%C%1!<%8$,F~(B $B<j$G$-$k!%(B %\section{Getting started} \section{Mercurial$B$r;H$&(B} %To begin, we'll use the \hgcmd{version} command to find out whether %Mercurial is actually installed properly. The actual version %information that it prints isn't so important; it's whether it prints %anything at all that we care about. %\interaction{tour.version} $B$^$:(B\hgcmd{version}$B%3%^%s%I$G(BMercurial$B$,<B:]$K@5$7$/%$%s%9%H!<%k$5$l$?$+(B $B$r3NG'$7$F$_$h$&!%I=<($5$l$k$+$I$&$+$,LdBj$G$"$C$F!$I=<($5$l$k%P!<%8%g%s(B $B>pJs$OFC$K=EMW$G$O$J$$!%(B \interaction{tour.version} %\subsection{Built-in help} \subsection{$BAH$_9~$_%X%k%W(B} %Mercurial provides a built-in help system. This is invaluable for those %times when you find yourself stuck trying to remember how to run a %command. If you are completely stuck, simply run \hgcmd{help}; it %will print a brief list of commands, along with a description of what %each does. If you ask for help on a specific command (as below), it %prints more detailed information. %\interaction{tour.help} %For a more impressive level of detail (which you won't usually need) %run \hgcmdargs{help}{\hggopt{-v}}. The \hggopt{-v} option is short %for \hggopt{--verbose}, and tells Mercurial to print more information %than it usually would. Mercurial$B$OAH$_9~$_$N%X%k%W%7%9%F%`$rHw$($F$$$k!%$3$l$O%3%^%s%I$N;H$$J}$K(B $B5M$^$C$?;~$KLr$KN)$D!%2?$r<B9T$7$?$iNI$$$N$+A4$/J,$+$i$J$$>l9g$OC1$K(B \hgcmd{help}$B$r<B9T$9$k!%$3$l$O%3%^%s%I$N0lIt$r@bL@$H6&$K%j%9%HI=<($9$k!%(B $BFCDj$N%3%^%s%I$K$D$$$F%X%k%W$,8+$?$$>l9g$O!$2<5-$N$h$&$K$9$k$H$h$j>\:Y$J(B $B>pJs$,F@$i$l$k!%(B \interaction{tour.help} $BDL>oI,MW$H$7$J$$$h$&$J6K$a$F>\$7$$@bL@$,I,MW$J>l9g$O(B \hgcmdargs{help}{\hggopt{-v}}$B$r<B9T$9$k!%(B\hggopt{-v}$B$O(B\hggopt{--verbose} $B%*%W%7%g%s$NC;=L7A$G!$$h$j>\:Y$J>pJs$rI=<($9$k%*%W%7%g%s$G$"$k!%(B %\section{Working with a repository} \section{$B%j%]%8%H%j$r;H$C$?:n6H(B} %In Mercurial, everything happens inside a \emph{repository}. The %repository for a project contains all of the files that ``belong to'' %that project, along with a historical record of the project's files. Mercurial$B$G$O(B\emph{$B%j%]%8%H%jFb(B}$B$G0l@Z$,5/$-$k!%%W%m%8%'%/%H$N%j%]%8%H%j(B $B$O=jB0$9$kA4$F$N%U%!%$%k$H$=$l$i$NMzNr>pJs$r;}$D!%(B %There's nothing particularly magical about a repository; it is simply %a directory tree in your filesystem that Mercurial treats as special. %You can rename or delete a repository any time you like, using either the %command line or your file browser. $B%j%]%8%H%j$K$OFC$KIT;W5D$J$H$3$m$O$J$$!%%j%]%8%H%j$O(BMercurial$B$,FCJL$N07$$(B $B$r$9$k$@$1$N%U%!%$%k%7%9%F%`>e$NC1$J$k%G%#%l%/%H%j%D%j!<$K$9$.$J$$!%(B $B%j%]%8%H%j$O%3%^%s%I%i%$%s$d%U%!%$%k%V%i%&%6$+$i$$$D$G$bL>A0$rJQ$($?$j>C(B $B5n$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$k!%(B %\subsection{Making a local copy of a repository} \subsection{$B%j%]%8%H%j$N%m!<%+%k%3%T!<$r:n$k(B} %\emph{Copying} a repository is just a little bit special. While you %could use a normal file copying command to make a copy of a %repository, it's best to use a built-in command that Mercurial %provides. This command is called \hgcmd{clone}, because it makes an %identical copy of an existing repository. %\interaction{tour.clone} $B%j%]%8%H%j$N(B\emph{$B%3%T!<(B}$B$O$d$dFC<l$G$"$k!%DL>o$N%U%!%$%k%3%T!<%3%^%s%I$r(B $B;H$C$F%j%]%8%H%j$N%3%T!<$r:n@.$9$k$3$H$b$G$-$k$,!$(BMercurial$B$NAH$_9~$_%3%^(B $B%s%I$r;H$C$F%3%T!<$9$k$N$,0lHVNI$$!%$3$N%3%^%s%I$O(B\hgcmd{clone}$B$H8F$P$l!$(B $B4{B8$N%j%]%8%H%j$N40A4$J%3%T!<$r:n@.$9$k!%(B \interaction{tour.clone} %One advantage of using \hgcmd{clone} is that, as we can see above, it %lets us clone repositories over the network. Another is that it %remembers where we cloned from, which we'll find useful soon when we %want to fetch new changes from another repository. \hgcmd{clone}$B%3%^%s%I$r;H$&MxE@$N0l$D$O!$>e$G8+$?$h$&$K%j%]%8%H%j$r%M%C%H(B $B%o!<%/1[$7$K%/%m!<%s$G$-$kE@$G$"$k!%$^$?$b$&0lE@!$$3$N%3%^%s%I$O$I$3$+$i(B $B%/%m!<%s$7$?$N$+$r5-O?$9$k$?$a!$?7$?$JJQ99$rJL$N%j%]%8%H%j$+$i<hF@$7$h$&(B $B$H$9$k:]$KJXMx$G$"$k!%(B %If our clone succeeded, we should now have a local directory called %\dirname{hello}. This directory will contain some files. %\interaction{tour.ls} %These files have the same contents and history in our repository as %they do in the repository we cloned. $B%/%m!<%s$,@.8y$9$k$H(B\dirname{hello}$B$H$$$&%m!<%+%k%G%#%l%/%H%j$,$G$-$k!%(B $B$3$N%G%#%l%/%H%j$K$O%*%j%8%J%k$HF10l$N%U%!%$%k$,4^$^$l$k!%(B \interaction{tour.ls} $B$3$l$i$N%U%!%$%k$O%/%m!<%s$7$?%j%]%8%H%jFb$HA4$/F1$8FbMF$HMzNr$r;}$C$F$$(B $B$k!%(B %Every Mercurial repository is complete, self-contained, and independent. %It contains its own private copy of a project's files and history. As we %just mentioned, A cloned repository remembers the location of the %repository it was cloned from, but it does not communicate with that %repository, or any other, unless you tell it to. $BA4$F$N(BMercurial$B%j%]%8%H%j$O40A4$+$D<+8J=<B-E*$GFHN)$G$"$k!%%j%]%8%H%j$O%W(B $B%m%8%'%/%H$KB0$9%U%!%$%k$N%W%i%$%Y!<%H%3%T!<$HMzNr$r;}$D!%:#=R$Y$?$h$&(B $B$K!$%/%m!<%s$5$l$?%j%]%8%H%j$O%/%m!<%s85$N%j%]%8%H%j$N>l=j$r5-21$7$F$$$k(B $B$,!$%f!<%6$,;X<($7$J$$8B$j!$$=$N%j%]%8%H%j$dB>$N%j%]%8%H%j$HDL?.$r9T$&$3(B $B$H$O$J$$!%(B %What this means for now is that we're free to experiment with our %repository, safe in the knowledge that it's a private ``sandbox'' that %won't affect anyone else. $B:#$NCJ3,$G$O%m!<%+%k$J%j%]%8%H%j$H$O30It$X2?$N1F6A$b5Z$\$5$J$$%W%i%$%Y!<(B $B%H$J(B``$B%5%s%I%\%C%/%9(B''$B$G!$$3$NCf$G$I$s$J$3$H$G$b;n$9$3$H$,$G$-$k$H2r<a$7(B $B$F$*$1$P==J,$G$"$k!%(B %\subsection{What's in a repository?} \subsection{$B%j%]%8%H%j$K$O2?$,4^$^$l$k$+!)(B} %When we take a more detailed look inside a repository, we can see that %it contains a directory named \dirname{.hg}. This is where Mercurial %keeps all of its metadata for the repository. %\interaction{tour.ls-a} $B%j%]%8%H%j$NFbIt$r$h$j>\$7$/8+$F$_$k$H!$(B\dirname{.hg}$B$H$$$&%G%#%l%/%H%j(B $B$,$"$k$N$K5$$E$/!%(BMercurial$B$O$3$3$K%j%]%8%H%j$N$?$a$N%a%?%G!<%?$rJ]4I$7(B $B$F$$$k!%(B \interaction{tour.ls-a} %The contents of the \dirname{.hg} directory and its subdirectories are %private to Mercurial. Every other file and directory in the %repository is yours to do with as you please. \dirname{.hg}$B%G%#%l%/%H%j$NCf?H$H!$$3$N%G%#%l%/%H%j$N%5%V%G%#%l%/%H%j$O(B Mercurial$B@lMQ$N$b$N$G$"$k!%%j%]%8%H%j$N$=$l0J30$N%U%!%$%k$H%G%#%l%/%H%j(B $B$O%f!<%6$KB0$9!%(B %To introduce a little terminology, the \dirname{.hg} directory is the %``real'' repository, and all of the files and directories that coexist %with it are said to live in the \emph{working directory}. An easy way %to remember the distinction is that the \emph{repository} contains the %\emph{history} of your project, while the \emph{working directory} %contains a \emph{snapshot} of your project at a particular point in %history. $B$3$3$G>/!9MQ8l$rDj5A$7$h$&$H;W$&!%(B\dirname{.hg}$B%G%#%l%/%H%j$r(B``$B%j%"%k(B''$B%j(B $B%]%8%H%j!$$3$N%G%#%l%/%H%j$H0l=o$K07$o$l$k%U%!%$%k$d%G%#%l%/%H%j$r(B \emph{$B%o!<%-%s%0%G%#%l%/%H%j(B}$B$H8F$V$3$H$K$9$k!%$3$l$i$r4JC1$K6hJL$9$k$?$a(B $B$K!$(B\emph{$B%j%]%8%H%j(B}$B$O%W%m%8%'%/%H$N(B\emph{$BMzNr(B}$B$rJ]B8$7!$(B\emph{$B%o!<%-%s(B $B%0%G%#%l%/%H%j(B}$B$O%W%m%8%'%/%H$NMzNr$NCf$N$"$k;~E@$N(B\emph{$B%9%J%C%W%7%g%C(B $B%H(B}$B$r;}$D$H3P$($k$HNI$$!%(B %\section{A tour through history} \section{$BMzNr$rC)$k(B} %One of the first things we might want to do with a new, unfamiliar %repository is understand its history. The \hgcmd{log} command gives %us a view of the history of changes in the repository. %\interaction{tour.log} %By default, this command prints a brief paragraph of output for each %change to the project that was recorded. In Mercurial terminology, we %call each of these recorded events a \emph{changeset}, because it can %contain a record of changes to several files. $BL$CN$N%j%]%8%H%j$KBP$7$F$^$:$7$h$&$H;W$&$3$H$O!$$=$N%j%]%8%H%j$G$NJQ99$N(B $BMzNr$rCN$k$3$H$@$m$&!%MzNr$O(B\hgcmd{log}$B%3%^%s%I$G8+$k$3$H$,$G$-$k!%(B \interaction{tour.log} $B%G%U%)%k%H$G$O!$$3$N%3%^%s%I$O%W%m%8%'%/%H$KBP$7$F9T$o$l$?JQ99$N3F!9$K$D(B $B$$$F4J7i$J%Q%i%0%i%U$rI=<($9$k!%(B Mercurial$B$NMQ8l$G$O!$MzNrCf$NJQ99$N%$%Y(B $B%s%H$r(B\emph{$B%A%'%s%8%;%C%H(B}$B$H8F$V!%$=$NM}M3$O!$J#?t$N%U%!%$%k$KBP$9$kJQ99(B $B$N5-O?$r;}$AF@$k$+$i$G$"$k!%(B %The fields in a record of output from \hgcmd{log} are as follows. \hgcmd{log}$B$+$i=PNO$5$l$k5-O?$N3F%U%#!<%k%I$O<!$N$h$&$K$J$C$F$$$k!%(B \begin{itemize} %\item[\texttt{changeset}] This field has the format of a number, % followed by a colon, followed by a hexadecimal (or % \emph{hex}) string. These are \emph{identifiers} for the % changeset. The hex string is a unique identifier: the same % hex string will always refer to the same changeset. The % number is shorter and easier to type than the hex string, % but it isn't unique: the same number in two different % clones of a repository may identify different changesets. % Why provide the number at all, then? For local % convenience. \item[\texttt{changeset}] $BHV9f!$$=$l$KB3$/%3%m%s$*$h$S(B16$B?JJ8;zNs!%$3$l$O(B $B%A%'%s%8%;%C%H$N(B\emph{$B<1JL;R(B}$B$G$"$k!%(B16$B?JJ8;zNs$O8GM-$N<1JL(B $B;R$G!$F10l$N<1JL;R$O>o$KF1$8%A%'%s%8%;%C%H$r;X$9!%HV9f$OC;$/(B $BF~NO$b(B16$B?JJ8;zNs$h$jMF0W$G$"$k$,!$%A%'%s%8%;%C%H$K8GM-$G$O$J(B $B$$!%F1$8HV9f$G$b%j%]%8%H%j$NJL$N%/%m!<%s$G$O!$0c$&%A%'%s%8%;%C(B $B%H$r;X$92DG=@-$,$"$k!%HV9f$OC1$K%m!<%+%k$JMxJX$N$?$a$KDs6!$5(B $B$l$F$$$k!%(B %\item[\texttt{user}] The identity of the person who created the % changeset. This is a free-form field, but it most often contains a % person's name and email address. \item[\texttt{user}] $B%A%'%s%8%;%C%H:n@.<T!%$3$N%U%#!<%k%I$N=q<0$O<+M3$@(B $B$,!$$[$H$s$I$N>l9g;aL>$H(Bemail$B%"%I%l%9$G$"$k!%(B %\item[\texttt{date}] The date and time on which the changeset was % created, and the timezone in which it was created. (The date and % time are local to that timezone; they display what time and date it % was for the person who created the changeset.) \item[\texttt{date}] $B%A%'%s%8%;%C%H$,:n@.$5$l$?F|IU$H;~9o$*$h$S%?%$%`%>!<(B $B%s!%(B $B!JF|;~$O%A%'%s%8%;%C%H$N:n@.<T$NB0$9%?%$%`%>!<%s$K%m!<(B $B%+%k$G$"$k!%!K(B %\item[\texttt{summary}] The first line of the text message that the % creator of the changeset entered to describe the changeset. \item[\texttt{summary}] $B%F%-%9%H%a%C%;!<%8$N:G=i$N9T$O%A%'%s%8%;%C%H$N@b(B $BL@$KF~NO$5$l$?%A%'%s%8%;%C%H$N:n@.<T$G$"$k!%(B % \item Some changesets, such as the first in the list above, have a % \texttt{tag} field. A tag is another way to identify a % changeset, by giving it an easy-to-remember name. (The tag % named \texttt{tip} is special: it always refers to the % newest change in a repository.) \item $B>e$N%j%9%H$N:G=i$N%A%'%s%8%;%C%H$N$h$&$K(B\texttt{tag}$B%U%#!<%k%I$r;}(B $B$D%A%'%s%8%;%C%H$b$"$k!%%?%0$O%A%'%s%8%;%C%H$r<1JL$9$k$?$a$N$b$&(B $B0l$D$NJ}K!$G!$3P$($d$9$$L>A0$r<+M3$KIU$1$k$3$H$,$G$-$k!%!J%?%0(B \texttt{tip}$B$OFCJL$G!$>o$K%j%]%8%H%j$N:G?7$N%A%'%s%8%;%C%H$r;X$9!%!K(B \end{itemize} %The default output printed by \hgcmd{log} is purely a summary; it is %missing a lot of detail. \hgcmd{log}$B$N%G%U%)%k%H=PNO$OMWLs$K$9$.$:!$B?$/$N>\:Y>pJs$r7g$$$F$$$k!%(B %Figure~\ref{fig:tour-basic:history} provides a graphical representation of %the history of the \dirname{hello} repository, to make it a little %easier to see which direction history is ``flowing'' in. We'll be %returning to this figure several times in this chapter and the chapter %that follows. $B?^(B~\ref{fig:tour-basic:history}$B$O(B\dirname{hello}$B%j%]%8%H%j$NMzNr$r%0%i%UI=(B $B<($7$?$b$N$G$"$k!%$3$NI=<($K$h$C$F$I$NJ}8~$NMzNr$,=gJ}8~$J$N$+M}2r$7$d$9(B $B$/$J$C$F$$$k!%:#8e!$$3$N?^$r2?EY$+;2>H$9$k!%(B \begin{figure}[ht] \centering \grafix{tour-history} % \caption{Graphical history of the \dirname{hello} repository} \caption{\dirname{hello}$B%j%]%8%H%j$NMzNr%0%i%U(B} \label{fig:tour-basic:history} \end{figure} %\subsection{Changesets, revisions, and talking to other people} \subsection{$B%A%'%s%8%;%C%H(B, $B%j%S%8%g%s(B, $BB>$N%f!<%6$H$N$d$j$H$j(B} %As English is a notoriously sloppy language, and computer science has %a hallowed history of terminological confusion (why use one term when %four will do?), revision control has a variety of words and phrases %that mean the same thing. If you are talking about Mercurial history %with other people, you will find that the word ``changeset'' is often %compressed to ``change'' or (when written) ``cset'', and sometimes a %changeset is referred to as a ``revision'' or a ``rev''. $B1Q8l$O$$$$2C8:$J$3$H$G0-L>$N9b$$8@8l$G$"$j!$%3%s%T%e!<%?%5%$%(%s%9$G$O@l(B $BLgMQ8l$N:.Mp$,?S$@$7$$!%!J(B4$B?M$,(B1$B$D$NMQ8l$r;H$&$3$H$J$IM-$jF@$J$$!%!K%j%S(B $B%8%g%s%3%s%H%m!<%k$OBt;3$NF15A8l$r;}$C$F$$$k!%B>$N?M$H(BMercurial$B$NMzNr$K$D(B $B$$$FOC$9$H$-!$(B``$B%A%'%s%8%;%C%H(B''$B$,$7$P$7$P(B``$B%A%'%s%8(B''$B$KN,$5$l$?$j!$=q$-(B $B8@MU$G$O(B``cset''$B$J$I$H$5$l$?$j!$;~$K$O%A%'%s%8%;%C%H$,(B``$B%j%S%8%g%s(B''$B$d(B ``rev''$B$HI=$5$l$?$j$9$k$3$H$K5$$E$/$@$m$&!%(B %While it doesn't matter what \emph{word} you use to refer to the %concept of ``a~changeset'', the \emph{identifier} that you use to %refer to ``a~\emph{specific} changeset'' is of great importance. %Recall that the \texttt{changeset} field in the output from %\hgcmd{log} identifies a changeset using both a number and a %hexadecimal string. ``a~changeset''$B$H$$$&%A%'%s%8%;%C%H$N(B\emph{$B8F$SL>(B}$B$O<+M3$@$,!$(B ``a~\emph{specific} changeset''$B$r;2>H$9$k(B\emph{$B<1JL;R(B}$B$OHs>o$K=EMW$G$"$k!%(B \hgcmd{log}$B%3%^%s%I$N=PNO$K4^$^$l$k(B\texttt{changeset}$B%U%#!<%k%I$O!$$"$k%A%'(B $B%s%8%;%C%H$rHV9f$H(B16$B?JJ8;zNs$GI=$7$F$$$?$3$H$r;W$$=P$7$FM_$7$$!%(B %\begin{itemize} %\item The revision number is a handy notation that \emph{only valid in % that repository}. %\item The hexadecimal string is the \emph{permanent, unchanging % identifier} that will always identify that exact changeset in % \emph{every} copy of the repository. %\end{itemize} \begin{itemize} \item $B%j%S%8%g%sHV9f$O(B\emph{$B$=$N%j%]%8%H%j$K8B$C$FM-8z(B}$B$J4JJX5-K!$G$"$k!%(B \item 16$B?JJ8;zNs$O(B\emph{$B1JB3E*$+$DITJQ$N<1JL;R(B}$B$G!$%j%]%8%H%j$N%3%T!<(B \emph{$BA4$F(B}$B$G>o$KFCDj$N%A%'%s%8%;%C%H$r<($9!%(B \end{itemize} %This distinction is important. If you send someone an email talking %about ``revision~33'', there's a high likelihood that their %revision~33 will \emph{not be the same} as yours. The reason for this %is that a revision number depends on the order in which changes %arrived in a repository, and there is no guarantee that the same %changes will happen in the same order in different repositories. %Three changes $a,b,c$ can easily appear in one repository as $0,1,2$, %while in another as $0,2,1$. $B$3$N6hJL$O=EMW$G$"$k!%C/$+$K(B``revision~33''$B$H8@$C$?;~!$$=$N%j%S%8%g%s(B33$B$,(B $B<+J,$N%j%]%8%H%j$N%j%]%8%H%j$N$b$N$H$O(B\emph{$B0c$&$b$N$G$"$k(B}$B2DG=@-$O9b$$!%(B $B$=$NM}M3$O!$%j%S%8%g%sHV9f$O%j%]%8%H%j$KJQ99$,8=$l$?=g=x$K$h$C$F7h$^(B $B$j!$(BMercurial$B$G$OJL$N%j%]%8%H%j$GF1$8JQ99$,F1$8=g=x$G5/$3$kJ]>Z$O$J$$$?$a(B $B$G$"$k!%(B 3$B$D$NJQ99(B$a,b,c$$B$O!$$"$k%j%]%8%H%j$G(B$0,1,2$$B$N=g$G5/$3$j!$JL$N%j(B $B%]%8%H%j$G$O(B$0,2,1$$B$N=g=x$G5/$3$jF@$k!%(B %Mercurial uses revision numbers purely as a convenient shorthand. If %you need to discuss a changeset with someone, or make a record of a %changeset for some other reason (for example, in a bug report), use %the hexadecimal identifier. Mercurial$B$O%j%S%8%g%sHV9f$rC1$KJXMx$N$?$a$NN,5-K!$H$7$FMQ$$$k!%C/$+$H%A%'(B $B%s%8%;%C%H$K$D$$$F5DO@$7$?$j!$!J%P%0Js9p$J$I$N$?$a$K!K%A%'%s%8%;%C%H$r5-(B $BO?$7$?$$>l9g$O(B16$B?J$N<1JL;R$rMxMQ$9$Y$-$G$"$k!%(B %\subsection{Viewing specific revisions} \subsection{$BFCDj$N%j%S%8%g%s$r8+$k(B} %To narrow the output of \hgcmd{log} down to a single revision, use the %\hgopt{log}{-r} (or \hgopt{log}{--rev}) option. You can use either a %revision number or a hexadecimal changeset identifier, and you can %provide as many revisions as you want. \interaction{tour.log-r} \hgcmd{log}$B$N=PNO$r$"$k(B1$B$D$N%j%S%8%g%s$K@)8B$9$k$?$a$K$O!$(B \hgopt{log}{-r}$B!J$^$?$O(B \hgopt{log}{--rev}$B!K%*%W%7%g%s$rMQ$$$k!%%j%S%8%g(B $B%sHV9f$b(B16$B?JJ8;zNs$N%A%'%s%8%;%C%H<1JL;R$bMxMQ2DG=$G$"$j!$;XDj$G$-$k%j%S(B $B%8%g%s$N?t$K@)8B$O$J$$!%(B \interaction{tour.log-r} %If you want to see the history of several revisions without having to %list each one, you can use \emph{range notation}; this lets you %express the idea ``I want all revisions between $a$ and $b$, %inclusive''. %\interaction{tour.log.range} %Mercurial also honours the order in which you specify revisions, so %\hgcmdargs{log}{-r 2:4} prints $2,3,4$ while \hgcmdargs{log}{-r 4:2} %prints $4,3,2$. $B$$$/$D$+$N%j%S%8%g%s$NMzNr$r!$$$$A$$$A%j%S%8%g%s$r;XDj$9$k$3$H$J$/8+$?$$(B $B;~$O!$(B\emph{$BHO0O5-K!(B}$B$,;H$($k!%$3$l$K$h$j(B``$a$$B$+$i(B$b$$B$^$G$K4^$^$l$kA4$F$N(B $B%j%S%8%g%s(B''$B$r;XDj$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$k!%(B \interaction{tour.log.range} Mercurial$B$O%j%S%8%g%s$,;XDj$5$l$?=g=x$r9MN8$9$k!%(B\hgcmdargs{log}{-r 2:4} $B$O(B$2,3,4$$B$N=g$KI=<($7!$(B\hgcmdargs{log}{-r 4:2}$B$O(B$4,3,2$$B$N=g$KI=<($r9T$&!%(B %\subsection{More detailed information} \subsection{$B$h$j>\:Y$J>pJs(B} %While the summary information printed by \hgcmd{log} is useful if you %already know what you're looking for, you may need to see a complete %description of the change, or a list of the files changed, if you're %trying to decide whether a changeset is the one you're looking for. %The \hgcmd{log} command's \hggopt{-v} (or \hggopt{--verbose}) %option gives you this extra detail. %\interaction{tour.log-v} $BC5$7$F$$$k$b$N$,$O$C$-$j$7$F$$$k>l9g$O(B\hgcmd{log}$B%3%^%s%I$K$h$k%5%^%j!<>p(B $BJs$OM-MQ$@$,!$$I$N%A%'%s%8%;%C%H$,8+$D$1$h$&$H$9$k%A%'%s%8%;%C%H$J$N$+7h(B $B$a$k;~$K$OJQ99$N40A4$J5-=R$dJQ99$5$l$?%U%!%$%k$N%j%9%H$,I,MW$K$J$k$+$b$7(B $B$l$J$$!%(B\hgcmd{log}$B%3%^%s%I$N(B\hggopt{-v}$B!J$^$?$O(B\hggopt{--verbose}$B!K%*%W(B $B%7%g%s$G$h$j>\:Y$J>pJs$r8+$k$3$H$,$G$-$k!%(B \interaction{tour.log-v} %If you want to see both the description and content of a change, add %the \hgopt{log}{-p} (or \hgopt{log}{--patch}) option. This displays %the content of a change as a \emph{unified diff} (if you've never seen %a unified diff before, see section~\ref{sec:mq:patch} for an overview). %\interaction{tour.log-vp} $B@bL@$HJQ99$NFbMF$NN>J}$r8+$?$$>l9g$O(B\hgopt{log}{-p}$B!J$^$?$O(B \hgopt{log}{--patch}$B!K%*%W%7%g%s$rDI2C$9$k!%$3$N%*%W%7%g%s$OJQ99$NFbMF$r(B \emph{unified diff}$B7A<0$GI=<($9$k!%!J(Bunified diff$B7A<0$r8+$?$3$H$,$J$1$l(B $B$P35N,$r(B\ref{sec:mq:patch}$B@a$G8+$k$3$H$,$G$-$k!%!K(B \interaction{tour.log-vp} %The \hgopt{log}{-p} option is tremendously useful, so it's well worth %remembering. \hgopt{log}{-p}$B%*%W%7%g%s$O6C0[E*$KJXMx$J$N$G3P$($F$*$/$HNI$$!%(B %\section{All about command options} \section{$B%3%^%s%I%*%W%7%g%s$N$9$Y$F(B} %Let's take a brief break from exploring Mercurial commands to discuss %a pattern in the way that they work; you may find this useful to keep %in mind as we continue our tour. Mercurial$B%3%^%s%I$r;n$9$N$r0l5Y$_$7$F!$%3%^%s%I$NF0:n%Q%?!<%s$K$D$$$F5D(B $BO@$7$F$_$h$&!%$3$l$O$3$N%D%"!<$rB3$1$k>e$GLr$KN)$D$@$m$&!%(B %Mercurial has a consistent and straightforward approach to dealing %with the options that you can pass to commands. It follows the %conventions for options that are common to modern Linux and Unix %systems. Mercurial$B$O%3%^%s%I$K%*%W%7%g%s$rEO$9:]$K0l4S@-$N$"$kD>@\E*$J%"%W%m!<%A$r(B $B<h$C$F$$$k!%$3$l$O8=Be$N(BLinux$B$*$h$S(BUnix$B$K6&DL$N%*%W%7%g%s$K4X$9$k=,47$K4p(B $B$E$$$F$$$k!%(B \begin{itemize} %\item Every option has a long name. For example, as we've already % seen, the \hgcmd{log} command accepts a \hgopt{log}{--rev} option. \item $BA4$F$N%*%W%7%g%s$OD97A<0$N%*%W%7%g%s$r;}$D!%Nc$($P!$$9$G$K8+$F$$$k(B $B$h$&$K(B\hgcmd{log}$B%3%^%s%I$O(B\hgopt{log}{--rev}$B%*%W%7%g%s$r<u$1IU$1(B $B$k!%(B %\item Most options have short names, too. Instead of % \hgopt{log}{--rev}, we can use \hgopt{log}{-r}. (The reason that % some options don't have short names is that the options in question % are rarely used.) \item $B$[$H$s$I$N%*%W%7%g%s$OC;=LL>$r;}$D!%(B\hgopt{log}{--rev}$B%*%W%7%g%s$N(B $BBe$o$j$K(B\hgopt{log}{-r}$B$,;H$($k!%!J$$$/$D$+$N%*%W%7%g%s$GC;=LL>$,(B $B;H$($J$$M}M3$O!$$=$N%*%W%7%g%s$,$[$H$s$I;HMQ$5$l$J$$$?$a$G$"$k!%!K(B %\item Long options start with two dashes (e.g.~\hgopt{log}{--rev}), % while short options start with one (e.g.~\hgopt{log}{-r}). \item $BD97A<0$N%*%W%7%g%s$O(B2$B$D$N%@%C%7%e$G;O$^$k!JNc(B ~\hgopt{log}{--rev}$B!K!%0lJ}C;7A<0$N%*%W%7%g%s$O(B1$B$D$N%@%C%7%e$G;O$^(B $B$k!JNc(B ~\hgopt{log}{-r}$B!K!%(B %\item Option naming and usage is consistent across commands. For % example, every command that lets you specify a changeset~ID or % revision number accepts both \hgopt{log}{-r} and \hgopt{log}{--rev} % arguments. \item $B%*%W%7%g%s$NL?L>$H;HMQK!$O%3%^%s%I4V$G0l4S$7$F$$$k!%Nc$r5s$2$k$H!$(B $B%A%'%s%8%;%C%H(BID$B$^$?$O%j%S%8%g%sHV9f$r;XDj$5$;$k%3%^%s%I$NA4$F$G(B \hgopt{log}{-r}$B$H(B\hgopt{log}{--rev}$B$NN>J}$r<u$1IU$1$k!%(B % \item If you are using short options, you can save typing by running % them together. For example, the command \hgopt{log}{-v -p -r 2} % can be written as \hgopt{log}{-vpr2} \item $BC;7A<0$N%*%W%7%g%s$r;H$C$F$$$k;~$O$"!$J#?t$N%*%W%7%g%s$rAH$_9g$o$;(B $B$FF~NO$N<j4V$r>J$/$3$H$,$G$-$k!%Nc$($P(B\hgopt{log}{-v -p -r 2}$B$O(B \hgopt{log}{-vpr2}$B$H=q$/$3$H$,$G$-$k!%(B \end{itemize} %In the examples throughout this book, I use short options instead of %long. This just reflects my own preference, so don't read anything %significant into it. $B$3$NK\$NNc$NA4$F$GC;7A<0$N%*%W%7%g%s$rMQ$$$k!%$3$l$OC1$KI.<T$N9%$_$N$?$a(B $B$G!$?<$$0UL#$O$J$$!%(B %Most commands that print output of some kind will print more output %when passed a \hggopt{-v} (or \hggopt{--verbose}) option, and less %when passed \hggopt{-q} (or \hggopt{--quiet}). $BI=<(=PNO$r9T$&$[$H$s$I$N%3%^%s%I$G(B\hggopt{-v}$B!J$^$?$O(B\hggopt{--verbose}$B!K(B $B%*%W%7%g%s$rIU$1$k$H$h$j>\:Y$J=PNO$r9T$$!$(B\hggopt{-q}$B!J$^$?$O(B \hggopt{--quiet}$B!K%*%W%7%g%s$rIU$1$k$H$h$j4J7i$J=PNO$H$J$k!%(B %\begin{note} %Option naming consistency % %Almost always, Mercurial commands use consistent option names to refer %to the same concepts. For instance, if a command deals with changesets, %you'll always identify them with \hgopt{log}{--rev} or \hgopt{log}{-r} %This consistent use of option names makes it easier to remember what %options a particular command takes. %\end{note} \begin{note} $B%*%W%7%g%sL>$N0l4S@-(B Mercurial$B%3%^%s%I$G$O!$F1$8BP>]$r07$&:]!$$[$H$s$I>o$KF1$8%*%W%7%g%sL>$r;H(B $B$&$h$&$K$J$C$F$$$k!%Nc$r5s$2$k$H!$%A%'%s%8%;%C%H$r07$&%3%^%s%I$N>l9g$O>o(B $B$K(B\hgopt{log}{--rev}$B$d(B\hgopt{log}{-r}$B$G%A%'%s%8%;%C%H$N;XDj$,$G$-$k!%$3$N(B $B0l4S@-$K$h$j!$AH$^$s$I$N%*%W%7%g%s$,3P$($d$9$/$J$C$F$$$k!%(B \end{note} %\section{Making and reviewing changes} \section{$BJQ99$N;EJ}!$JQ99$N%l%S%e!<(B} %Now that we have a grasp of viewing history in Mercurial, let's take a %look at making some changes and examining them. Mercurial$B$GMzNr$r8+$kJ}K!$K$D$$$F$OM}2r$7$?!%$3$3$G$O2?$+JQ99$r9T$C$F!$(B $B$3$l$r8+$F$_$h$&!%(B %The first thing we'll do is isolate our experiment in a repository of %its own. We use the \hgcmd{clone} command, but we don't need to %clone a copy of the remote repository. Since we already have a copy %of it locally, we can just clone that instead. This is much faster %than cloning over the network, and cloning a local repository uses %less disk space in most cases, too. %\begin{footnote} %The saving of space arises when source and destination repositories are %on the same filesystem, in which case Mercurial will use hardlinks to do %copy-on-write sharing of its internal metadata. If that explanation %meant nothing to you, don't worry: everything happens transparently and %automatically, and you don't need to understand it. %\end{footnote} %\interaction{tour.reclone} %As an aside, it's often good practice to keep a ``pristine'' copy of a %remote repository around, which you can then make temporary clones of %to create sandboxes for each task you want to work on. This lets you %work on multiple tasks in parallel, each isolated from the others %until it's complete and you're ready to integrate it back. Because %local clones are so cheap, there's almost no overhead to cloning and %destroying repositories whenever you want. $B$^$::G=i$K$3$N<B83$rK\Mh$N%j%]%8%H%j$+$i3VN%$9$k$?$a$K(B\hgcmd{clone}$B$r9T(B $B$&!%$9$G$K%m!<%+%k$J%j%]%8%H%j$r;}$C$F$$$k$N$G!$$3$l$r%/%m!<%s$9$k$@$1$G(B $B$h$/!$%j%b!<%H$N%j%]%8%H%j$r%3%T!<$9$kI,MW$O$J$$!%%m!<%+%k$J%/%m!<%s$O%M%C(B $B%H%o!<%/1[$7$K9T$&%/%m!<%s$h$j$b$:$C$HB.$/!$B?$/$N>l9g;HMQ$9$k%G%#%9%/MF(B $BNL$b>/$J$$!%(B \begin{footnote} $BF10l%U%!%$%k%7%9%F%`>e$G%j%]%8%H%j$N%/%m!<%s$r9T$&>l9g!$(B Mercurial$B$O%O!<(B $B%I%j%s%/$r;H$$!$FbIt%a%?%G!<%?$r%3%T!<%*%s%i%$%H$G6&M-$7!$%G%#%9%/;HMQNL(B $B$N@aLs$r9T$&!%$3$N@bL@$,$h$/$o$+$i$J$/$F$b?4G[$9$kI,MW$O$J$$!%$3$NF0:n$O(B $B$9$Y$FF)2aE*$+$D<+F0E*$K9T$o$l$k$?$a!$5$$K$9$kI,MW$O$J$$!%(B \end{footnote} \interaction{tour.reclone} $B$^$?!$2?$+:n6H$r$7$?$$;~$K%5%s%I%\%C%/%9$H$9$k$?$a$K0l;~E*$J%/%m!<%s$r:n(B $B@.$7!$%j%b!<%H%j%]%8%H%j$N%3%T!<$r(B``$B@67i(B''$B$KJ]$D$3$H$O$7$P$7$PLr$KN)$D!%(B $B$3$l$K$h$jJ#?t$N:n6H$rJB9T$7$F9T$&$3$H$,$G$-!$$+$D!$:n6H$,40N;$7!$:F$SE}(B $B9g$9$k$^$GB>$N:n6H$+$i3VN%$5$l$?$^$^$K$7$F$*$/$3$H$,$G$-$k!%%j%]%8%H%j$N(B $B%m!<%+%k%/%m!<%s$O$H$F$b<j7Z$G!$%/%m!<%s$HGQ4~$K$[$H$s$I%*!<%P%X%C%I$,$J(B $B$$!%(B %In our \dirname{my-hello} repository, we have a file %\filename{hello.c} that contains the classic ``hello, world'' program. %\interaction{tour.cat1} \dirname{my-hello}$B%j%]%8%H%jFb$K$O%/%i%7%C%/$J(B``hello, world''$B%W%m%0%i%`(B $B$G$"$k(B\filename{hello.c}$B$,$"$k!%(B \interaction{tour.cat1} %Let's edit this file so that it prints a second line of output. %\interaction{tour.cat2} $B$3$N%U%!%$%k$r(B2$B9TL\$,=PNO$5$l$k$h$&$KJT=8$9$k!%(B \interaction{tour.cat2} %Mercurial's \hgcmd{status} command will tell us what Mercurial knows %about the files in the repository. %\interaction{tour.status} %The \hgcmd{status} command prints no output for some files, but a line %starting with ``\texttt{M}'' for \filename{hello.c}. Unless you tell %it to, \hgcmd{status} will not print any output for files that have %not been modified. $B%j%]%8%H%jFb$N%U%!%$%k$KBP$7$F(BMercurial$B$,GD0.$7$F$$$kFbMF$r(B \hgcmd{status}$B%3%^%s%I$G8+$k$3$H$,$G$-$k!%(B \interaction{tour.status} \hgcmd{status}$B%3%^%s%I$O$$$/$D$+$N%U%!%$%k$KBP$7$F$O=PNO$r9T$o$J$$$,!$(B \filename{hello.c}$B$KBP$7$F(B``\texttt{M}''$B$rI=<($9$k!%FC$K;X<($r$7$J$$>l(B $B9g!$(B\hgcmd{status}$B%3%^%s%I$OJQ99$5$l$F$$$J$$%U%!%$%k$KBP$7$F$O2?$b=PNO$7(B $B$J$$!%(B %The ``\texttt{M}'' indicates that Mercurial has noticed that we %modified \filename{hello.c}. We didn't need to \emph{inform} %Mercurial that we were going to modify the file before we started, or %that we had modified the file after we were done; it was able to %figure this out itself. ``\texttt{M}''$B$N0UL#$O!$(B\filename{hello.c}$B$KBP$7$F9T$o$l$?JQ99$r(B Mercurial$B$,GD0.$7$?$H$$$&$3$H$G$"$k!%%U%!%$%k$NJQ99A0$K(BMercurial$B$K$3$l$+(B $B$iJQ99$9$k%U%!%$%k$rEPO?$9$kI,MW$O$J$$$7!$JQ998e$K9T$&I,MW$b$J$$!%JQ99$5(B $B$l$?%U%!%$%k$NH/8+$O<+F0E*$K9T$o$l$k!%(B %It's a somewhat helpful to know that we've modified %\filename{hello.c}, but we might prefer to know exactly \emph{what} %changes we've made to it. To do this, we use the \hgcmd{diff} %command. %\interaction{tour.diff} \filename{hello.c}$B$rJT=8$7$?$3$H$,J,$+$k$N$OB?>/Lr$KN)$D$,!$CN$j$?$$$N$O(B $B$`$7$m(B\emph{$B2?$r(B}$BJQ99$7$?$N$+$G$"$k!%(B\hgcmd{diff}$B%3%^%s%I$r;H$($P$3$l$rCN(B $B$k$3$H$,$G$-$k!%(B \interaction{tour.diff} %\begin{note} %Understanding patches % %Remember to take a look at section~\ref{sec:mq:patch} if you don't know %how to read output above. %\end{note} \begin{note} $B%Q%C%A$K$D$$$F(B $B>e$N=PNO$NFI$_J}$,J,$+$i$J$$>l9g$O!$(B\ref{sec:mq:patch}$B@a$r;2>H$5$l$?$$!%(B \end{note} %\section{Recording changes in a new changeset} \section{$B?7$?$J%A%'%s%8%;%C%H$XJQ99$r5-O?$9$k(B} %We can modify files, build and test our changes, and use %\hgcmd{status} and \hgcmd{diff} to review our changes, until we're %satisfied with what we've done and arrive at a natural stopping point %where we want to record our work in a new changeset. $B%U%!%$%k$rJQ99$7!$%S%k%I$H%F%9%H$r9T$$!$(B\hgcmd{status}$B$H(B\hgcmd{diff}$B$r;H$C(B $B$FJQ99$N%l%S%e!<$r9T$$!$5$$N:Q$`$H$3$m$^$G$3$l$r7+JV$7!$;E;v$N7k2L$r?7$?(B $B$J%A%'%s%8%;%C%H$K5-O?$9$k!%(B %The \hgcmd{commit} command lets us create a new changeset; we'll %usually refer to this as ``making a commit'' or ``committing''. $B?7$?$J%A%'%s%8%;%C%H$r:n@.$9$k$K$O(B\hgcmd{commit}$B%3%^%s%I$r;H$&!%(B $B$3$NA`:n$r$h$/(B``$B%3%_%C%H$9$k(B''$B$H$+(B``$B%3%_%C%H(B''$B$H8F$V!%(B %\subsection{Setting up a username} \subsection{$B%f!<%6L>$r@_Dj$9$k(B} %When you try to run \hgcmd{commit} for the first time, it is not %guaranteed to succeed. Mercurial records your name and address with %each change that you commit, so that you and others will later be able %to tell who made each change. Mercurial tries to automatically figure %out a sensible username to commit the change with. It will attempt %each of the following methods, in order: $B:G=i$K(B\hgcmd{commit}$B$r<B9T$9$k>l9g!$<B9T$,@.8y$9$k$+$I$&$+$OJ]>Z$5$l$F$$(B $B$J$$!%$9$Y$F$N%3%_%C%H$G(BMercurial$B$O%f!<%6$NL>A0$H%"%I%l%9$r5-O?$7!$8e$GC/(B $B$,$=$NJQ99$r9T$C$?$N$+J,$+$k$h$&$K$7$F$$$k!%(B Mercurial$B$OJQ99$r%3%_%C%H$9(B $B$k:]$K<+F0E*$KBEEv$J%f!<%6L>$rIU$1$h$&$H$9$k!%(B $B%f!<%6L>$N?dB,$O0J2<$N$h$&$J=g=x$G9T$o$l$k!'(B \begin{enumerate} %\item If you specify a \hgopt{commit}{-u} option to the \hgcmd{commit} % command on the command line, followed by a username, this is always % given the highest precedence. \item \hgcmd{commit}$B%3%^%s%I$K(B\hgopt{commit}{-u}$B%*%W%7%g%s$H%f!<%6L>$rIU(B $B$1$?>l9g!$$3$l$,:G$bM%@h$5$l$k!%(B %\item If you have set the \envar{HGUSER} environment variable, this is % checked next. \item $B4D6-JQ?t(B\envar{HGUSER}$B$r@_Dj$7$F$$$k>l9g$O<!$K$3$l$,;2>H$5$l$k!%(B %\item If you create a file in your home directory called % \sfilename{.hgrc}, with a \rcitem{ui}{username} entry, that will be % used next. To see what the contents of this file should look like, % refer to section~\ref{sec:tour-basic:username} below. \item $B%[!<%`%G%#%l%/%H%j$K(B\sfilename{.hgrc}$B%U%!%$%k$r:n$C$F$$$k>l(B $B9g!$(B\rcitem{ui}{username}$B%(%s%H%j$,<!$K;2>H$5$l$k!%$3$N%U%!%$%k$N(B $BFbMF$O(B\ref{sec:tour-basic:username}$B@a$G@bL@$7$F$$$k!%(B %\item If you have set the \envar{EMAIL} environment variable, this % will be used next. \item $B4D6-JQ?t(B\envar{EMAIL}$B$r@_Dj$7$F$$$k$J$i<!$K$3$l$,;2>H$5$l$k!%(B %\item Mercurial will query your system to find out your local user % name and host name, and construct a username from these components. % Since this often results in a username that is not very useful, it % will print a warning if it has to do this. \item Mercurial$B$O%7%9%F%`$K%m!<%+%k%f!<%6L>$H%[%9%HL>$rLd$$9g$o$;!$$3$l(B $B$i$+$i%3%_%C%H%f!<%6L>$r9=@.$9$k!%$3$N%f!<%6L>$OLr$KN)$?$J$$$3$H$,(B $BB?$$$?$a!$$3$NJ}K!$r;H$C$?>l9g$O7Y9p%a%C%;!<%8$,I=<($5$l$k!%(B \end{enumerate} %If all of these mechanisms fail, Mercurial will fail, printing an %error message. In this case, it will not let you commit until you set %up a username. $B$3$l$i$N%a%+%K%:%`$N$9$Y$F$,<:GT$7$?>l9g!$(BMercurial$B$O%(%i!<%a%C%;!<%8$r(B $BI=<($7$F<B9T$rCGG0$9$k!%$3$N>l9g!$%f!<%6L>$r@_Dj$9$k$^$G%3%_%C%H$9$k$3$H(B $B$O$G$-$J$$!%(B %You should think of the \envar{HGUSER} environment variable and the %\hgopt{commit}{-u} option to the \hgcmd{commit} command as ways to %\emph{override} Mercurial's default selection of username. For normal %use, the simplest and most robust way to set a username for yourself %is by creating a \sfilename{.hgrc} file; see below for details. $B4D6-JQ?t(B\envar{HGUSER}$B$H(B\hgcmd{commit}$B%3%^%s%I$N(B\hgopt{commit}{-u}$B%*%W%7%g(B $B%s$O!$(BMercurial$B$,%G%U%)%k%H$G@_Dj$9$k%f!<%6L>$r(B\emph{$B%*!<%P%i%$%I(B}$B$9$kJ}(B $BK!$@$H9M$($k$H$h$$!%DL>o$NMxMQK!$G%f!<%6L>$r@_Dj$9$k:G$b4JC1$G:G$b4h6/$J(B $BJ}K!$O(B\sfilename{.hgrc}$B%U%!%$%k$r:n@.$9$k$3$H$G$"$k!%$3$N$d$jJ}$K$D$$$F<!(B $B$K=R$Y$k!%(B %\subsubsection{Creating a Mercurial configuration file} \subsubsection{Mercurial$B$N@_Dj%U%!%$%k$r:n@.$9$k(B} \label{sec:tour-basic:username} %To set a user name, use your favorite editor to create a file called %\sfilename{.hgrc} in your home directory. Mercurial will use this %file to look up your personalised configuration settings. The initial %contents of your \sfilename{.hgrc} should look like this. %\begin{footnote} %Figure out what the appropriate directory is on Windows. %\end{footnote} %\begin{codesample2} % # This is a Mercurial configuration file. % [ui] % username = Firstname Lastname <email.address@domain.net> %\end{codesample2} %The ``\texttt{[ui]}'' line begins a \emph{section} of the config file, %so you can read the ``\texttt{username = ...}'' line as meaning ``set %the value of the \texttt{username} item in the \texttt{ui} section''. %A section continues until a new section begins, or the end of the %file. Mercurial ignores empty lines and treats any text from %``\texttt{\#}'' to the end of a line as a comment. $B%f!<%6L>$r@_Dj$9$k$K$O9%$_$N%(%G%#%?$G%[!<%`%G%#%l%/%H%j$K(B \sfilename{.hgrc}$B$H$$$&%U%!%$%k$r:n@.$9$k!%(B Mercurial$B$O$3$N%U%!%$%k$+$i8D(B $B?M@_Dj$r<hF@$7!$;HMQ$9$k!%(B\sfilename{.hgrc}$B%U%!%$%k$N:G=i$NFbMF$O0J2<$N$h(B $B$&$J=q<0$K$9$k!%(B \footnote{Windows$B$G$NE,@Z$J%G%#%l%/%H%j$r<($9$3$H!%(B} \begin{codesample2} # This is a Mercurial configuration file. [ui] username = Firstname Lastname <email.address@domain.net> \end{codesample2} ``\texttt{[ui]}''$B$N9T$G@_Dj%U%!%$%k$N(B\emph{$B%;%/%7%g%s(B}$B$,;O$^$k!%(B ``\texttt{username = ...}''$B$N9T$O(B``\texttt{ui}$B%;%/%7%g%s$N(B \texttt{username}$B9`L\$NCM$r@_Dj$9$k(B''$B$HFI$`$3$H$,$G$-$k!%(B $B%;%/%7%g%s$O?7$?$JJL$N%;%/%7%g%s$,;O$^$k$+!$%U%!%$%k$,=*N;$9$k$^$GB3(B $B$/!%(BMercurial$B$O6u9T$rL5;k$7!$(B``\texttt{\#}''$B$+$i9TKv$^$G$r%3%a%s%H$H$7$F(B $B07$&!%(B %\subsubsection{Choosing a user name} \subsubsection{$B%f!<%6L>$rA*$V(B} %You can use any text you like as the value of the \texttt{username} %config item, since this information is for reading by other people, %but will not be interpreted by Mercurial. The convention that most %people follow is to use their name and email address, as in the example %above. \texttt{username}$B$N@_Dj$K;HMQ$9$kJ8;zNs$O!$B>$N%f!<%6$,FI$`>pJs$G$"$k$K2a(B $B$.$:!$(BMercurial$B$K$h$C$F=hM}$5$l$k$b$N$G$O$J$$$?$a!$$I$N$h$&$JJ8;zNs$G$b9=(B $B$o$J$$!%B?$/$N%f!<%6$,=>$&=,47$O!$>e$NNc$N$h$&$KL>A0$H(Bemail$B%"%I%l%9$r;H$&(B $B$b$N$G$"$k!%(B \begin{note} % Mercurial's built-in web server obfuscates email addresses, to make % it more difficult for the email harvesting tools that spammers use. % This reduces the likelihood that you'll start receiving more junk % email if you publish a Mercurial repository on the web. Mercurial$B$NAH$_9~$_%&%'%V%5!<%P$O(Bemail$B%"%I%l%9$r%9%Q%^!<$,;H$&(Bemail$B<}=&%D!<(B $B%k$K=&$o$lFq$/$9$k$h$&$K2~JQ$7!$(BMercurial$B%j%]%8%H%j$r%&%'%V$G8x3+$7$F$b%9(B $B%Q%`$r<u$1<h$jFq$/$7$F$$$k!%(B \end{note} %\subsection{Writing a commit message} \subsection{$B%3%_%C%H%a%C%;!<%8$r=q$/(B} %When we commit a change, Mercurial drops us into a text editor, to %enter a message that will describe the modifications we've made in %this changeset. This is called the \emph{commit message}. It will be %a record for readers of what we did and why, and it will be printed by %\hgcmd{log} after we've finished committing. %\interaction{tour.commit} $BJQ99$r%3%_%C%H$9$k;~!$(BMercurial$B$O%A%'%s%8%;%C%H$G9T$C$?JQ99$K$D$$$F@bL@$9(B $B$k%a%C%;!<%8$rF~NO$5$;$k$?$a$K%F%-%9%H%(%G%#%?$r5/F0$9$k!%(B $B$3$l$O(B\emph{$B%3%_%C%H%a%C%;!<%8(B}$B$H8F$P$l$k!%(B $B$3$l$O2?$r$J$<JQ99$7$?$N$+FI$_<j$KEA$($k$b$N$G!$%3%_%C%H40N;8e$K(B \hgcmd{log}$B$GI=<($9$k$3$H$,$G$-$k!%(B \interaction{tour.commit} %The editor that the \hgcmd{commit} command drops us into will contain %an empty line or two, followed by a number of lines starting with %``\texttt{HG:}''. %%\begin{codesample2} %This is where I type my commit comment. % %HG: Enter commit message. Lines beginning with 'HG:' are removed. %HG: -- %HG: user: Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com> %HG: branch 'default' %HG: changed hello.c</programlisting> %\end{codesample2} %Mercurial ignores the lines that start with ``\texttt{HG:}''; it uses %them only to tell us which files it's recording changes to. Modifying %or deleting these lines has no effect. \hgcmd{commit}$B%3%^%s%I$,5/F0$9$k%(%G%#%?$O!$6u9T$H(B``\texttt{HG:}''$B$G;O$^(B $B$k?t9T$r$9$G$K4^$s$G$$$k!%(B \begin{codesample2} This is where I type my commit comment. HG: Enter commit message. Lines beginning with 'HG:' are removed. HG: -- HG: user: Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com> HG: branch 'default' HG: changed hello.c</programlisting> \end{codesample2} Mercurial$B$O(B``\texttt{HG:}''$B$G;O$^$k9T$rL5;k$9$k!%$3$l$i$N9T$O$I$N%U%!%$%k(B $B$X$NJQ99$J$N$+$r%f!<%6$KEA$($k$@$1$NL\E*$GB8:_$9$k!%$3$l$i$N9T$rJQ99$7$?(B $B$j>C5n$7$?$j$7$F$b2?$N1F6A$bM?$($J$$!%(B %\subsection{Writing a good commit message} \subsection{$B$h$$%3%_%C%H%a%C%;!<%8$N=q$-J}(B} %Since \hgcmd{log} only prints the first line of a commit message by %default, it's best to write a commit message whose first line stands %alone. Here's a real example of a commit message that \emph{doesn't} %follow this guideline, and hence has a summary that is not readable. %\begin{codesample2} % changeset: 73:584af0e231be % user: Censored Person <censored.person@example.org> % date: Tue Sep 26 21:37:07 2006 -0700 % summary: include buildmeister/commondefs. Add an exports and install %\end{codesample2} $B%G%U%)%k%H$G$O(B\hgcmd{log}$B$O%3%_%C%H%a%C%;!<%8$N:G=i$N9T$7$+I=<($7$J$$$?$a(B $B%3%_%C%H%a%C%;!<%8$N:G=i$N9T$O(B1$B9T$G407k$9$k$h$&$K=q$/$H$h$$!%(B $B%,%$%I%i%$%s$K(B\emph{$B=>$o$J$$(B}$B$?$aFI$a$J$$%3%_%C%H%a%C%;!<%8$NNc$r<($9!%(B \begin{codesample2} changeset: 73:584af0e231be user: Censored Person <censored.person@example.org> date: Tue Sep 26 21:37:07 2006 -0700 summary: include buildmeister/commondefs. Add an exports and install \end{codesample2} %As far as the remainder of the contents of the commit message are %concerned, there are no hard-and-fast rules. Mercurial itself doesn't %interpret or care about the contents of the commit message, though %your project may have policies that dictate a certain kind of %formatting. $B%3%_%C%H%a%C%;!<%8$N;D$j$NItJ,$K$O873J$J%k!<%k$O$J$$!%%W%m%8%'%/%H$G%U%)!<(B $B%^%C%H$K4X$7$FMW5a$9$k%]%j%7!<$,$"$C$?$H$7$F$b!$(BMercurial$B$O%3%_%C%H%a%C%;!<(B $B%8$rCfCG$7$?$j!$FCJL$NG[N8$r$9$k$3$H$O$J$$!%(B %My personal preference is for short, but informative, commit messages %that tell me something that I can't figure out with a quick glance at %the output of \hgcmdargs{log}{--patch}. $B8D?ME*$K$O!$4J7i$+$D>pJs$,$"$j!$(B \hgcmdargs{log}{--patch}$B$r0l8+$7$?$@$1$G(B $B$O$o$+$i$J$$ItJ,$K$D$$$F@bL@$7$?%3%_%C%H%a%C%;!<%8$,9%$_$G$"$k!%(B %\subsection{Aborting a commit} \subsection{$B%3%_%C%H$rCf;_$9$k(B} %If you decide that you don't want to commit while in the middle of %editing a commit message, simply exit from your editor without saving %the file that it's editing. This will cause nothing to happen to %either the repository or the working directory. $B%3%_%C%H%a%C%;!<%8$rJT=8Cf$K%3%_%C%H$r<h$j;_$a$?$/$J$C$?;~$O!$JT=8Cf$N%U%!(B $B%$%k$r%;!<%V$;$:$K%(%G%#%?$r=*N;$9$l$P$h$$!%$3$&$9$k$H%j%]%8%H%j$K$b%o!<(B $B%-%s%0%G%#%l%/%H%j$K$b2?$b5/$-$J$$!%(B %If we run the \hgcmd{commit} command without any arguments, it records %all of the changes we've made, as reported by \hgcmd{status} and %\hgcmd{diff}. \hgcmd{commit}$B%3%^%s%I$r0z?t$J$7$G<B9T$7$F$$$k>l9g!$(B\hgcmd{status}$B%3%^%s(B $B%I$d(B\hgcmd{diff}$B%3%^%s%I$K8=$l$k$=$l$^$G$K9T$C$?JQ99$OJ]B8$5$l$k!%(B %\subsection{Admiring our new handiwork} \subsection{$B?7$?$J:n6H$r>N;?$9$k(B} %Once we've finished the commit, we can use the \hgcmd{tip} command to %display the changeset we just created. This command produces output %that is identical to \hgcmd{log}, but it only displays the newest %revision in the repository. %\interaction{tour.tip} %We refer to the newest revision in the repository as the \emph{tip revision}, %or simply the \emph{tip}. $B%3%_%C%H$N40N;8e!$(B\hgcmd{tip}$B%3%^%s%I$G:#:n@.$7$?%A%'%s%8%;%C%H$rCN$k$3$H(B $B$,$G$-$k!%$3$N%3%^%s%I$N=PNO$O%j%]%8%H%j$N:G?7%j%S%8%g%s$N$_$rI=<($9$k$H(B $B$$$&E@$r=|$1$P(B\hgcmd{log}$B$HA4$/F1$8$G$"$k!%(B \interaction{tour.tip} $B%j%]%8%H%j$N:G?7%j%S%8%g%s$O(B\emph{tip$B%j%S%8%g%s(B}$B$^$?$OC1$K(B\emph{tip}$B$H8F(B $B$P$l$k!%(B %By the way, the \hgcmpd{tip} command accepts many of the same options as %\hgcmd{log}, so \hgopt{log}{-v} above indicates ``be verbose'', %\hgopt{log}{-p} specifies ``print a patch''. The use of \hgopt{log}{-p} %to print patches is another example of the consistent naming we %mentioned earlier. \hgcmd{tip}$B%3%^%s%I$G$O(B\hgcmd{log}$B%3%^%s%I$N%*%W%7%g%s$NB?$/$,;H$($k!%>e(B $B5-$N(B\hgopt{log}{-v}$B$O(B``$B>iD9(B''$B$JI=<($r9T$&$7!$(B\hgopt{log}{-p}$B$O(B``$B%Q%C%A$N(B $BI=<((B''$B$r9T$&!%(B\hgopt{log}{-p}$B$G%Q%C%A$,I=<($5$l$k$N$O!$A0=R$N%*%W%7%g%sL>(B $B$N0l4S@-$r<($9$b$&0l$D$NNc$G$"$k!%(B %\section{Sharing changes} \section{$BJQ99$r6&M-$9$k(B} %We mentioned earlier that repositories in Mercurial are %self-contained. This means that the changeset we just created exists %only in our \dirname{my-hello} repository. Let's look at a few ways %that we can propagate this change into other repositories. Mercurial$B$N%j%]%8%H%j$O<+8J=<B-E*$G$"$k$H$9$G$K=R$Y$?!%$D$^$j!$:#:n@.$7$?(B $B%A%'%s%8%;%C%H$O(B\dirname{my-hello}$B%j%]%8%H%j$K$N$_B8:_$7$F$$$k!%$3$NJQ99(B $B$rB>$N%j%]%8%H%j$KGH5Z$5$;$k$$$/$D$+$NJ}K!$r8+$F$_$h$&!%(B %\subsection{Pulling changes from another repository} \subsection{$BB>$N%j%]%8%H%j$+$iJQ99$r(Bpull$B$9$k(B} \label{sec:tour:pull} %To get started, let's clone our original \dirname{hello} repository, %which does not contain the change we just committed. We'll call our %temporary repository \dirname{hello-pull}. %\interaction{tour.clone-pull} $B;O$a$k$KEv$?$C$F!$:#%3%_%C%H$7$?JQ99$r4^$^$J$$%*%j%8%J%k$N(B \dirname{hello}$B%j%]%8%H%j$r%/%m!<%s$9$k!%$3$N0l;~E*$J%j%]%8%H%j$r(B \dirname{hello-pull}$B$H8F$V$3$H$K$9$k!%(B \interaction{tour.clone-pull} %We'll use the \hgcmd{pull} command to bring changes from %\dirname{my-hello} into \dirname{hello-pull}. However, blindly %pulling unknown changes into a repository is a somewhat scary %prospect. Mercurial provides the \hgcmd{incoming} command to tell us %what changes the \hgcmd{pull} command \emph{would} pull into the %repository, without actually pulling the changes in. %\interaction{tour.incoming} \hgcmd{pull}$B%3%^%s%I$GJQ99$r(B\dirname{my-hello}$B$+$i(B\dirname{hello-pull}$B$K(B $B<h$j9~$`!%L$CN$NJQ99$rLUL\E*$K%j%]%8%H%j$K(Bpull$B$9$k$3$H$O>/!962$m$7(B $B$$!%(BMercurial$B$K$O(B\hgcmd{pull}$B%3%^%s%I$G$I$N$h$&$JJQ99$,%j%]%8%H%j$K<h$j9~(B $B$^$l$k$N$+$r<B:]$K$O(Bpull$B$9$k$3$H$J$/I=<($9$k(B\hgcmd{incoming}$B%3%^%s%I$,$"(B $B$k!%(B \interaction{tour.incoming} %Suppose you're pulling changes from a repository on the network %somewhere. While you are looking at the \hgcmd{incoming} output, and %before you pull those changes, someone might have committed something in %the remote repository. This means that it's possible to pull more %changes than you saw when using \hgcmd{incoming}. $B$*$=$i$/FI<T$O%M%C%H%o!<%/>e$N$I$3$+$+$i%j%]%8%H%j$r(Bpull$B$9$k$K0c$$$J$$!%(B $BJQ99$r(Bpull$B$9$kA0!$(B\hgcmd{incoming}$B$N=PNO$r8+$F$$$k4V$KC/$+$,%j%b!<%H%j%](B $B%8%H%j$K2?$+%3%_%C%H$9$k$3$H$bM-$jF@$k!%$3$N>l9g!$(B\hgcmd{incoming}$B$G8+$?(B $B$b$N$h$j$bB?$/$NJQ99$,(Bpull$B$5$l$k$3$H$K$J$k!%(B %Bringing changes into a repository is a simple matter of running the %\hgcmd{pull} command, and telling it which repository to pull from. %\interaction{tour.pull} %As you can see from the before-and-after output of \hgcmd{tip}, we %have successfully pulled changes into our repository. There remains %one step before we can see these changes in the working directory. $BJQ99$r%j%]%8%H%j$K<h$j9~$`$N$O!$<h$j9~$_85$N%j%]%8%H%j$r;XDj$7$F(B \hgcmd{pull}$B%3%^%s%I$r<B9T$9$k$@$1$N%7%s%W%k$JA`:n$G$"$k!%(B \interaction{tour.pull} pull$B$NA08e$N(B\hgcmd{tip}$B=PNO$G%j%]%8%H%j$X$NJQ99$N<h$j9~$_$K@.8y$7$?$+$I$&(B $B$+$,$o$+$k!%%o!<%-%s%0%G%#%l%/%H%j$KJQ99$rH?1G$5$;$k$K$O$b$&(B1$B%9%F%C%W$,I,(B $BMW$G$"$k!%(B %\subsection{Updating the working directory} \subsection{$B%o!<%-%s%0%G%#%l%/%H%j$r99?7$9$k(B} %We have so far glossed over the relationship between a repository and %its working directory. The \hgcmd{pull} command that we ran in %section~\ref{sec:tour:pull} brought changes into the repository, but %if we check, there's no sign of those changes in the working %directory. This is because \hgcmd{pull} does not (by default) touch %the working directory. Instead, we use the \hgcmd{update} command to %do this. %\interaction{tour.update} $B$3$3$^$G$O%j%]%8%H%j$H%o!<%-%s%0%G%#%l%/%H%j$N4X78$r$"$^$jL@3N$K$;$:$KMh(B $B$?!%(B \ref{sec:tour:pull}$B@a$G(B\hgcmd{pull}$B%3%^%s%I$r;H$C$FJQ99$r%j%]%8%H%j(B $B$K<h$j9~$s$@$,!$Cm0U?<$/8+$k$H!$$=$l$i$NJQ99$O%o!<%-%s%0%G%#%l%/%H%j$KH?(B $B1G$5$l$F$$$J$+$C$?!%$3$l$O!$(B\hgcmd{pull}$B%3%^%s%I$O!J%G%U%)%k%H$G$O!K%o!<(B $B%-%s%0%G%#%l%/%H%j$K<j$rIU$1$J$$$?$a$G$"$k!%%o!<%-%s%0%G%#%l%/%H%j$rA`:n(B $B$9$k$?$a$K$O(B\hgcmd{update}$B%3%^%s%I$r;H$&!%(B \interaction{tour.update} %It might seem a bit strange that \hgcmd{pull} doesn't update the %working directory automatically. There's actually a good reason for %this: you can use \hgcmd{update} to update the working directory to %the state it was in at \emph{any revision} in the history of the %repository. If you had the working directory updated to an old %revision---to hunt down the origin of a bug, say---and ran a %\hgcmd{pull} which automatically updated the working directory to a %new revision, you might not be terribly happy. \hgcmd{pull}$B$,%o!<%-%s%0%G%#%l%/%H%j$r<+F0E*$K99?7$7$J$$$N$O$$$5$5$+4qL/(B $B$K8+$($k$+$b$7$l$J$$!%$7$+$7$3$l$K$O$A$c$s$H$7$?M}M3$,$"$k!%%o!<%-%s%0%G%#(B $B%l%/%H%j$O(B\hgcmd{update}$B$G%j%]%8%H%j$N$$$+$J$k%P!<%8%g%s$K$b99?7$G$-$k!%(B $B%P%0$N860x$rC5$k$?$a$K%o!<%-%s%0%G%#%l%/%H%j$r8E$$%j%S%8%g%s$K$7$F$$$k;~!$(B \hgcmd{pull}$B$r<B9T$7$?$?$a$K%o!<%-%s%0%G%#%l%/%H%j$,:G?7$N%j%S%8%g%s$K$J$C(B $B$?$H$7$?$i!$<u$1$kHo32$O>/$J$/$J$$!%(B %However, since pull-then-update is such a common thing to do, %Mercurial lets you combine the two by passing the \hgopt{pull}{-u} %option to \hgcmd{pull}. %\begin{codesample2} % hg pull -u %\end{codesample2} %If you look back at the output of \hgcmd{pull} in %section~\ref{sec:tour:pull} when we ran it without \hgopt{pull}{-u}, %you can see that it printed a helpful reminder that we'd have to take %an explicit step to update the working directory: %\begin{codesample2} % (run 'hg update' to get a working copy) %\end{codesample2} $B$7$+$7$J$,$i!$!V(Bpull$B8e$K99?7!W$H$$$&A`:n$O$H$F$b$h$/9T$o$l$k$?$a!$(B \hgcmd{pull}$B%3%^%s%I$K$O$3$l$i(B2$B$D$NA`:n$r0lEY$K9T$&%*%W%7%g%s!$(B \hgopt{pull}{-u}$B$,$"$k!%(B \begin{codesample2} hg pull -u \end{codesample2} \ref{sec:tour:pull}$B@a$G(B\hgopt{pull}{-u}$B%*%W%7%g%s$J$7$G<B9T$5$l$F$$$k(B \hgcmd{pull}$B%3%^%s%I$N=PNO$r2~$a$F8+$F$_$k$H!$%o!<%-%s%0%G%#%l%/%H%j$r(B $BL@<(E*$K99?7$7$J$1$l$P$J$i$J$$$3$H$r<($9(B \begin{codesample2} (run 'hg update' to get a working copy) \end{codesample2} $B$H$$$&Cm0U=q$-$,$"$k$N$K5$$E$/!%(B %To find out what revision the working directory is at, use the %\hgcmd{parents} command. %\interaction{tour.parents} %If you look back at figure~\ref{fig:tour-basic:history}, you'll see %arrows connecting each changeset. The node that the arrow leads %\emph{from} in each case is a parent, and the node that the arrow %leads \emph{to} is its child. The working directory has a parent in %just the same way; this is the changeset that the working directory %currently contains. $B%o!<%-%s%0%G%#%l%/%H%j$N8=:_$N%j%S%8%g%s$rD4$Y$k$K$O(B\hgcmd{parents}$B%3%^(B $B%s%I$r;H$&!%(B \interaction{tour.parents} $B?^(B~\ref{fig:tour-basic:history}$B$r8+D>$9$H!$3F!9$N%A%'%s%8%;%C%H$r7k$VLp0u(B $B$,$"$k!%Lp0u$N=P$F$$$k$H$3$m$,?F$G!$Lp0u$,<($7$F$$$k$H$3$m$,;R$G$"$k!%%o!<(B $B%-%s%0%G%#%l%/%H%j$OF1MM$K(B1$B$D$N?F$r;}$A!$$3$l$,%o!<%-%s%0%G%#%l%/%H%j$,8=(B $B:_99?7$5$l$F$$$k%A%'%s%8%;%C%H$G$"$k!%(B %To update the working directory to a particular revision, give a %revision number or changeset~ID to the \hgcmd{update} command. %\interaction{tour.older} %If you omit an explicit revision, \hgcmd{update} will update to the %tip revision, as shown by the second call to \hgcmd{update} in the %example above. $BFCDj$N%j%S%8%g%s$K%o!<%-%s%0%G%#%l%/%H%j$r99?7$9$k$?$a$K(B $B$O!$(B\hgcmd{update}$B%3%^%s%I$K%j%S%8%g%sHV9f$^$?$O%A%'%s%8%;%C%H(BID$B$rEO$9!%(B \interaction{tour.older} $BL@<(E*$K%j%S%8%g%s$rEO$5$J$+$C$?>l9g!$>e$NNc$G(B2$B2sL\$N(B\hgcmd{update}$B$N<B9T(B $B$N$h$&$K(B\hgcmd{update}$B%3%^%s%I$O%o!<%-%s%0%G%#%l%/%H%j$r(Btip$B%j%S%8%g%s$X99(B $B?7$9$k!%(B %\subsection{Pushing changes to another repository} \subsection{$BB>$N%j%]%8%H%j$KJQ99$r(Bpush$B$9$k(B} %Mercurial lets us push changes to another repository, from the %repository we're currently visiting. As with the example of %\hgcmd{pull} above, we'll create a temporary repository to push our %changes into. %\interaction{tour.clone-push} %The \hgcmd{outgoing} command tells us what changes would be pushed %into another repository. %\interaction{tour.outgoing} %And the \hgcmd{push} command does the actual push. %\interaction{tour.push} Mercurial$B$G$O8=:_;HMQ$7$F$$$k%j%]%8%H%j$+$iB>$N%j%]%8%H%j$KJQ99$r(Bpush$B$9$k(B $B$3$H$,$G$-$k!%A0=R$N(B\hgcmd{pull}$B%3%^%s%I$N$h$&$K!$0l;~E*$J%j%]%8%H%j$r:n$C(B $B$F$=$3$KJQ99$r(Bpush$B$7$F$_$h$&!%(B \interaction{tour.clone-push} $BB>$N%j%]%8%H%j$K(Bpush$B$5$l$kJQ99$O(B\hgcmd{outgoing}$B%3%^%s%I$GCN$k$3$H$,$G$-(B $B$k!%(B \interaction{tour.outgoing} \hgcmd{push}$B%3%^%s%I$G<B:]$K(Bpush$B$r9T$&!%(B \interaction{tour.push} %As with \hgcmd{pull}, the \hgcmd{push} command does not update the %working directory in the repository that it's pushing changes into. %Unlike \hgcmd{pull}, \hgcmd{push} does not provide a \texttt{-u} option %that updates the other repository's working directory. This asymmetry %is deliberate: the repository we're pushing to might be on a remote %server and shared between several people. If we were to update its %working directory while someone was working in it, their work would be %disrupted. \hgcmd{pull}$B%3%^%s%I$HF1MM$K!$(B\hgcmd{push}$B%3%^%s%I$O(Bpush$B@h$N%j%]%8%H%j$N(B $B%o!<%-%s%0%G%#%l%/%H%j$N99?7$r9T$o$J$$!%(B\hgcmd{pull}$B%3%^%s%I$H0c$C$F(B \hgcmd{push}$B%3%^%s%I$O!$%o!<%-%s%0%G%#%l%/%H%j$N99?7$r9T$&(B\texttt{-u}$B%*%W(B $B%7%g%s$r;}$?$J$$!%$3$NHsBP>N@-$O0U?^E*$J$b$N$G!$(Bpush$B@h$N%j%]%8%H%j$O%j%b!<(B $B%H%5!<%P>e$K$"$k$+$b$7$l$:!$J#?t$N%f!<%6$+$i6&M-$5$l$F$$$k2DG=@-$,$"$k!%(B $B$b$7C/$+$,:n6HCf$N%o!<%-%s%0%G%#%l%/%H%j$r99?7$7$?$i!$$=$N:n6HFbMF$OBfL5(B $B$7$K$J$C$F$7$^$&!%(B %What happens if we try to pull or push changes and the receiving %repository already has those changes? Nothing too exciting. %\interaction{tour.push.nothing} $B%j%]%8%H%j$,$"$kJQ99$r$9$G$K;}$C$F$$$k$H$-!$F1$8JQ99$r(Bpull$B$^$?$O(Bpush$B$7$h(B $B$&$H$9$k$H2?$,5/$-$k$@$m$&$+!)FC$K6C$/$h$&$J$3$H$O5/$-$J$$!%(B \interaction{tour.push.nothing} %\subsection{Sharing changes over a network} \subsection{$BJQ99$r%M%C%H%o!<%/$rDL$8$F6&M-$9$k(B} %The commands we have covered in the previous few sections are not %limited to working with local repositories. Each works in exactly the %same fashion over a network connection; simply pass in a URL instead %of a local path. %\interaction{tour.outgoing.net} %In this example, we can see what changes we could push to the remote %repository, but the repository is understandably not set up to let %anonymous users push to it. %\interaction{tour.push.net} $B$3$l$h$jA0$N$$$/$D$+$N@a$G07$C$?%3%^%s%I$O!$%m!<%+%k%j%]%8%H%j$@$1$K8BDj(B $B$5$l$J$$!%$I$N%3%^%s%I$b%M%C%H%o!<%/7PM3$G$bA4$/F1$8$KF0:n$9$k!%0c$$$O%m!<(B $B%+%k%Q%9$NBe$o$j$K(BURL$B$rEO$9$@$1$G$"$k!%(B \interaction{tour.outgoing.net} $B$3$NNc$G$O!$%j%]!<%H%j%]%8%H%j$K(Bpush$B$7$h$&$H$9$k$,!$EvA3$N$3$H$J$,$iF?L>(B $B$N%f!<%6$K(Bpush$B$r5v2D$7$J$$$h$&$K@_Dj$5$l$F$$$k$?$a!$(Bpush$B$G$-$J$$!%(B \interaction{tour.push.net} %%% Local Variables: %%% mode: yatex %%% TeX-master: "00book" %%% End: