Mercurial > hgbook
changeset 389:5981a0f7540a
finished intro.tex
| author | Yoshiki Yazawa <yaz@honeyplanet.jp> |
|---|---|
| date | Mon, 20 Apr 2009 23:50:34 +0900 |
| parents | 2e072e3d8637 |
| children | 019040fbf5f5 |
| files | ja/intro.tex ja/todo.txt |
| diffstat | 2 files changed, 326 insertions(+), 141 deletions(-) [+] |
line wrap: on
line diff
--- a/ja/intro.tex Fri Mar 27 17:39:24 2009 +0900 +++ b/ja/intro.tex Mon Apr 20 23:50:34 2009 +0900 @@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ 500$B?M$+$i$J$k%W%m%8%'%/%H$G$O!$%j%S%8%g%s%3%s%H%m!<%k%D!<%k$J$7$G$OKX$s$I(B $BN)$A9T$+$J$$!%$3$N>l9g!$%j%S%8%g%s%3%s%H%m!<%k$J$7$G$O<:GT$9$k$3$H$,KX$s(B $B$IL@Gr$J$?$a!$%j%S%8%g%s%3%s%H%m!<%k$r9T$&%3%9%H$rJ'$&$3$H$OFC$KLdBj$H$O(B -$B$J$i$J$$!%(Bxxx +$B$J$i$J$$!%(B%xxx %On the other hand, a one-person ``quick hack'' might seem like a poor %place to use a revision control tool, because surely the cost of using @@ -426,8 +426,18 @@ %be at risk of corruption any time you try to update your client's view %of the repository. +$B%*!<%W%s%=!<%9%W%m%8%'%/%H$,9%$-$K$J$j!$:n6H$r;O$a$h$&$H$9$k$H$-!$%W%m%8%'(B +$B%/%H$,J,;6%j%S%8%g%s%3%s%H%m!<%k%D!<%k$r;H$C$F$$$l$P!$$?$@$A$K%W%m%8%'%/(B +$B%H$N%3%"%a%s%P!<$NCg4V$H$J$k!%H`$i$,%j%]%8%H%j$r8x3+$7$F$$$l$P!$D>$A$K%W(B +$B%m%8%'%/%HMzNr$r%3%T!<$7!$JQ99$r9T$$!$FbIt$N%a%s%P!<$,;H$C$F$$$k$N$HA4$/(B +$BF1$8%D!<%k$rMQ$$$F:n6H7k2L$r5-O?$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$k!%BP>NE*$K%a%s%P!<$,Cf1{(B +$B=8Cf7?$N%D!<%k$r;H$C$F$$$k>l9g!$C/$+$,$"$J$?$KJQ99$rCf1{$N%5!<%P$K%3%_%C(B +$B%H$9$k5v2D$rM?$($J$$8B$j!$%D!<%k$r%j!<%I%*%s%j!<%b!<%I$G;HMQ$9$k$3$H$K$J(B +$B$k!%$=$l$^$G$OJQ99$r5-O?$9$k$3$H$O$G$-$:!$$"$J$?$N%m!<%+%k$JJQ99$O%j%]%8(B +$B%H%j$N%/%i%$%"%s%H%3%T!<$r99?7$9$k$?$S$KGK2u$5$l$k%j%9%/$rH<$&!%(B + %\subsubsection{The forking non-problem} -\subsubsection{$BLdBj$J$/%U%)!<%/2DG=(B} +\subsubsection{$B%U%)!<%/$7$F$bLdBj$J$7(B} %It has been suggested that distributed revision control tools pose %some sort of risk to open source projects because they make it easy to @@ -437,6 +447,12 @@ %side takes a more or less complete copy of the project's source code, %and goes off in its own direction. +$B%*!<%W%s%=!<%9%W%m%8%'%/%H$GJ,;6%j%S%8%g%s%3%s%H%m!<%k%D!<%k$rMQ$$$k$3$H(B +$B$O!$%W%m%8%'%/%H$N3+H/$r%U%)!<%/$5$;$k%j%9%/$,$"$k$H8@$o$l$F$$$k!%0U8+$N(B +$BAj0c$d!$3+H/<T$N%0%k!<%W4V$G$NBVEY$N0c$$$+$i!$H`$i$,$=$l0J>e6&$K:n6H$rB3(B +$B$1$k$3$H$,$G$-$J$$$H7hCG$9$k$3$H$G%U%)!<%/$O5/$3$k!%APJ}$N?X1D$O%W%m%8%'(B +$B%/%H$N%=!<%9%3!<%I$N$[$\40A4$J%3%T!<$+$i$=$l$>$l$NJ}8~$KJL$l$F$$$/!%(B + %Sometimes the camps in a fork decide to reconcile their differences. %With a centralised revision control system, the \emph{technical} %process of reconciliation is painful, and has to be performed largely @@ -444,6 +460,13 @@ %``win'', and graft the other team's changes into the tree somehow. %This usually loses some or all of one side's revision history. +$B;~$K$O%U%)!<%/$7$??X1D$,!$8_$$$N%3!<%I$N:90[$r2r>C$9$k$3$H$b$"$k!%Cf1{=8(B +$BCf%j%S%8%g%s%3%s%H%m!<%k%7%9%F%`$G$O!$:90[$r(B\emph{$B5;=QE*$K(B}$B2r7h$9$k2aDx$K(B +$B:$Fq$rH<$$!$B?$/$N>l9g!$<jF0$G2r>C$9$kI,MW$,$"$k!%$I$N%j%S%8%g%sMzNr$r;D(B +$B$9$N$+7h$a!$$[$+$N%A!<%`$K$h$kJQ99$r%D%j!<$X$J$s$i$+$NJ}K!$G7Q$.LZ$9$kI,(B +$BMW$,$"$k!%$3$NA`:n$G$O!$DL>o!$0lJ}$N%j%S%8%g%sMzNr$N0lIt$^$?$OA4BN$r<:$&(B +$B$3$H$K$J$k!%(B + %What distributed tools do with respect to forking is they make forking %the \emph{only} way to develop a project. Every single change that %you make is potentially a fork point. The great strength of this @@ -451,10 +474,27 @@ %good at \emph{merging} forks, because forks are absolutely %fundamental: they happen all the time. +%$BJ,;6%D!<%k$O!$%U%)!<%/$rC1$K%W%m%8%'%/%H$r?J$a$k$?$a$N0l$D$NJ}K!$H$7$F07(B +%$B$&!%$9$Y$F$NJQ99$O@x:_E*$K%U%)!<%/%]%$%s%H$K$J$j$&$k!%$3$N%"%W%m!<%A$NM%(B +%$B0LE@$O!$J,;6%j%S%8%g%s%3%s%H%m!<%k%D!<%k$O%U%)!<%/4V$N(B\emph{$B%^!<%8(B}$B$K6K$a(B +%$B$FM%$l$F$$$k$3$H$@!%%U%)!<%/$O@dBPE*$K4pACE*$J$3$H$G$"$k!'$3$l$O>o$K5/$3(B +%$B$k!%(B + +$BJ,;6%D!<%k$O!$%U%)!<%/$r%W%m%8%'%/%H$r?J$a$k$?$a$N0l$D$NJ}K!$H$7$F07$&$K(B +$B$9$.$J$$!%9T$C$?JQ99$9$Y$F$O@x:_E*$K%U%)!<%/%]%$%s%H$K$J$j$&$k!%J,;6%j%S(B +$B%8%g%s%3%s%H%m!<%k%D!<%k$G$O!$%U%)!<%/$OF|>oE*$K5/$-!$$3$l$r<h$j07$&$3$H(B +$B$OF0:n$N:,K\$G$"$k!%$=$N$?$a%U%)!<%/4V$N(B\emph{$B%^!<%8(B}$B$K$O6K$a$FM%$l$F$*(B +$B$j!$$3$l$,J,;6%D!<%k$K$h$k%"%W%m!<%A$NBg$-$JMxE@$H$J$C$F$$$k!%(B + %If every piece of work that everybody does, all the time, is framed in %terms of forking and merging, then what the open source world refers %to as a ``fork'' becomes \emph{purely} a social issue. If anything, %distributed tools \emph{lower} the likelihood of a fork: + +$B3F?M$,>o$K9T$&:n6H$NCGJR$,%U%)!<%/$H%^!<%8$K0LCVIU$1$i$l$k$J$i$P!$%*!<%W(B +$B%s%=!<%93&$O(B``$B%U%)!<%/(B''$B$r(B\emph{$B=c?h$K(B}$B<R2qE*$J;v>]$H$7$F07$&$@$m$&!%$$$:(B +$B$l$K$;$hJ,;6%D!<%k$O%U%)!<%/$N38A3@-$r(B\emph{$B2<$2$k(B}$B!'(B + %\begin{itemize} %\item They eliminate the social distinction that centralised tools % impose: that between insiders (people with commit access) and @@ -463,6 +503,13 @@ % all that's involved from the perspective of the revision control % software is just another merge. %\end{itemize} +\begin{itemize} + \item $BCf1{=8CfE*$J%D!<%k$,2]$9!$%3%_%C%H8"$r;}$C$?FbIt$N?M4V$H;}$?$J$$30(B + $BIt$N?M4V$N<R2qE*$J6hJL$r<h$j5n$k(B + \item $B%j%S%8%g%s%3%s%H%m!<%k%=%U%H%&%'%"$N4QE@$+$i$9$k$H!$F1$8%^!<%8$G$"(B + $B$k$?$a!$<R2qE*$J%U%)!<%/$N8e$K:90[$r2r>C$9$k$N$rMF0W$K$9$k!%(B +\end{itemize} + %Some people resist distributed tools because they want to retain tight %control over their projects, and they believe that centralised tools @@ -474,74 +521,131 @@ %forgoing the ability to fluidly collaborate with whatever people feel %compelled to mirror and fork your history. +$B%W%m%8%'%/%H$r873J$K%3%s%H%m!<%k$7$?$$$?$a$KJ,;6%D!<%k$K93$&?M!9$b$$$k!%(B +$BH`$i$OCf1{=8Cf%D!<%k$,$3$N$h$&$J%3%s%H%m!<%k$rM?$($k$H9M$($F$$$k!%$7$+$7(B +$B$=$&;W$C$F$$$F$b!$(BCVS$B$d(BSubversion$B%j%]%8%H%j$r8x3+$9$l$P!$(B $B!J;~4V$O$+$+$C(B +$B$F$b!K%W%m%8%'%/%H$NMzNrA4BN$r<hF@$7$F!$%3%s%H%m!<%k$N<j$N5Z$P$J$$$I$3$+(B +$B$G$=$l$r:F8=$9$kJ}K!$O$$$/$i$G$b$"$k!%7k6I!$MzNr$r%_%i!<$7!$%U%)!<%/$9$k(B +$B$h$&$JN.F0E*$J6(NO$rGS=|$9$k$h$&$J%3%s%H%m!<%k$OHs8=<BE*$G$"$k!%(B + %\subsection{Advantages for commercial projects} \subsection{$B>&MQ%W%m%8%'%/%H$G$NMxE@(B} -Many commercial projects are undertaken by teams that are scattered -across the globe. Contributors who are far from a central server will -see slower command execution and perhaps less reliability. Commercial -revision control systems attempt to ameliorate these problems with -remote-site replication add-ons that are typically expensive to buy -and cantankerous to administer. A distributed system doesn't suffer -from these problems in the first place. Better yet, you can easily -set up multiple authoritative servers, say one per site, so that -there's no redundant communication between repositories over expensive -long-haul network links. +%Many commercial projects are undertaken by teams that are scattered +%across the globe. Contributors who are far from a central server will +%see slower command execution and perhaps less reliability. Commercial +%revision control systems attempt to ameliorate these problems with +%remote-site replication add-ons that are typically expensive to buy +%and cantankerous to administer. A distributed system doesn't suffer +%from these problems in the first place. Better yet, you can easily +%set up multiple authoritative servers, say one per site, so that +%there's no redundant communication between repositories over expensive +%long-haul network links. + +$B>&MQ%W%m%8%'%/%H$NB?$/$OCOM}E*$K9-$,$C$?%A!<%`$K$h$C$F3+H/$5$l$F$$$k!%Cf(B +$B1{%5!<%P$O!$1s$/N%$l$?6(NO<T$+$i$O%3%^%s%I<B9T$,CY$+$C$?$j!$?.Mj@-$,Dc$+$C(B +$B$?$j$9$k$h$&$K8+$($k!%>&MQ%j%S%8%g%s%3%s%H%m!<%k%7%9%F%`$O$3$NLdBj$N2r7h(B +$B$K%j%b!<%H%5%$%H$NJ#@=$r:n@.$9$k%"%I%*%s$rDs6!$7$F$$$k!%$3$l$i$NB?$/$O9b(B +$B2A$@$C$?$j!$4IM}$,J#;($@$H$$$&LdBj$r;}$C$F$$$k!%J,;6%7%9%F%`$K$O$=$b$=$b(B +$B$3$l$i$NLdBj$,$J$$!%$5$i$K9%$^$7$$$3$H$K!$J#?t$N%5%$%HKh$K@5<0$J%5!<%P$r(B +$B4JC1$K@_Dj$9$k$3$H$,$G$-!$9b2A$JD95wN%$N%M%C%H%o!<%/%j%s%/>e$K>iD9$JDL?.(B +$B$r9T$&$3$H$,$J$$!%(B -Centralised revision control systems tend to have relatively low -scalability. It's not unusual for an expensive centralised system to -fall over under the combined load of just a few dozen concurrent -users. Once again, the typical response tends to be an expensive and -clunky replication facility. Since the load on a central server---if -you have one at all---is many times lower with a distributed -tool (because all of the data is replicated everywhere), a single -cheap server can handle the needs of a much larger team, and -replication to balance load becomes a simple matter of scripting. +%Centralised revision control systems tend to have relatively low +%scalability. It's not unusual for an expensive centralised system to +%fall over under the combined load of just a few dozen concurrent +%users. Once again, the typical response tends to be an expensive and +%clunky replication facility. Since the load on a central server---if +%you have one at all---is many times lower with a distributed +%tool (because all of the data is replicated everywhere), a single +%cheap server can handle the needs of a much larger team, and +%replication to balance load becomes a simple matter of scripting. -If you have an employee in the field, troubleshooting a problem at a -customer's site, they'll benefit from distributed revision control. -The tool will let them generate custom builds, try different fixes in -isolation from each other, and search efficiently through history for -the sources of bugs and regressions in the customer's environment, all -without needing to connect to your company's network. +$BCf1{=8Cf7?$N%j%S%8%g%s%3%s%H%m!<%k%7%9%F%`$N%9%1!<%i%S%j%F%#$OAjBPE*$K>.(B +$B$5$/!$?t==?M$N%f!<%6$NF1;~%"%/%;%9$K$h$kIi2Y$GCf1{$N9b2A$J%7%9%F%`$,Dd;_(B +$B$9$k$3$H$bDA$7$/$J$$!%$7$+$7!$$3$l$K9b2A$GJ#;($JJ#@=5!G=$rDI2C$9$k$3$H$,(B +$B$h$/9T$o$F$7$^$&!%$?$@0l$D$NCf1{%5!<%P$N$_$r;}$D>l9g$G$b!$J,;6%D!<%k$rMQ(B +$B$$$k$3$H$G!J%G!<%?$O$9$Y$F$"$i$f$k$H$3$m$KJ#@=$5$l$k$?$a!KCf1{%5!<%P$NIi(B +$B2Y$O?tJ,$N0l$KM^$($i$l$k!%$3$N$?$aC10l$N0B2A$J%5!<%P$GBg$-$J%A!<%`$N<{MW(B +$B$rK~$?$9$3$H$,$G$-!$Ii2YJ,;6$N$?$a$N%G!<%?$NJ#@=$b%9%/%j%W%H$@$1$G<B8=$G(B +$B$-$k!%(B + +%If you have an employee in the field, troubleshooting a problem at a +%customer's site, they'll benefit from distributed revision control. +%The tool will let them generate custom builds, try different fixes in +%isolation from each other, and search efficiently through history for +%the sources of bugs and regressions in the customer's environment, all +%without needing to connect to your company's network. + +$B8\5R$NB&$G$3$NNN0h$NLdBj2r7h$r9T$&=>6H0w$,$$$l$P!$J,;6%j%S%8%g%s%3%s%H%m!<(B +$B%k$NMx1W$rF@$k$3$H$,$G$-$k!%%D!<%k$r;H$&$3$H$G!$%+%9%?%`%S%k%I!$8_$$$KFH(B +$BN)$7$?=$@5$N%F%9%H!$%W%m%8%'%/%H$NMzNr$+$i%P%0$d%j%0%l%C%7%g%s$N860x$NC5(B +$B:w$J$I$r8\5R$N4D6-$G%M%C%H%o!<%/$K@\B3$9$kI,MW$J$/<B8=$G$-$k!%(B %\section{Why choose Mercurial?} \section{Mercurial$B$rA*$VM}M3(B} -Mercurial has a unique set of properties that make it a particularly -good choice as a revision control system. +%Mercurial has a unique set of properties that make it a particularly +%good choice as a revision control system. +Mercurial$B$O!$%j%S%8%g%s%3%s%H%m!<%k%7%9%F%`$H$7$FA*Br$9$k$N$K$U$5$o$7$$(B +$B%f%K!<%/$J@-<A$r;}$C$F$$$k!%(B \begin{itemize} -\item It is easy to learn and use. -\item It is lightweight. -\item It scales excellently. -\item It is easy to customise. +%\item It is easy to learn and use. +%\item It is lightweight. +%\item It scales excellently. +%\item It is easy to customise. +\item $B3X=,$HMxMQ$,4JC1(B +\item $B7ZNL$G$"$k(B +\item $B6K$a$FNI9%$K%9%1!<%k$9$k(B +\item $B%+%9%?%^%$%:$,MF0W$G$"$k(B \end{itemize} -If you are at all familiar with revision control systems, you should -be able to get up and running with Mercurial in less than five -minutes. Even if not, it will take no more than a few minutes -longer. Mercurial's command and feature sets are generally uniform -and consistent, so you can keep track of a few general rules instead -of a host of exceptions. +%If you are at all familiar with revision control systems, you should +%be able to get up and running with Mercurial in less than five +%minutes. Even if not, it will take no more than a few minutes +%longer. Mercurial's command and feature sets are generally uniform +%and consistent, so you can keep track of a few general rules instead +%of a host of exceptions. + +$BFI<T$,%j%S%8%g%s%3%s%H%m!<%k$K47$l$F$$$k$N$G$"$l$P!$(B Mercurial$B$r(B5$BJ,0JFb$K(B +$B;H$$;O$a$k$3$H$,$G$-$k$@$m$&!%(B $B2>$K(B5$BJ,$,L5M}$G$b!$$"$H?tJ,$b$"$l$P==J,$K(B +$B0c$$$J$$!%(B Mercurial$B$N%3%^%s%I$H5!G=%;%C%H$OA4BN$K6Q0l$G0l4S@-$,$"$k$N(B +$B$G!$B??t$NNc30$r3P$($k$N$G$O$J$/!$6&DL$9$k%k!<%k$5$(3P$($F$*$1$P$h$$!%(B + +%On a small project, you can start working with Mercurial in moments. +%Creating new changes and branches; transferring changes around +%(whether locally or over a network); and history and status operations +%are all fast. Mercurial attempts to stay nimble and largely out of +%your way by combining low cognitive overhead with blazingly fast +%operations. -On a small project, you can start working with Mercurial in moments. -Creating new changes and branches; transferring changes around -(whether locally or over a network); and history and status operations -are all fast. Mercurial attempts to stay nimble and largely out of -your way by combining low cognitive overhead with blazingly fast -operations. +$B>.$5$J%W%m%8%'%/%H$G$O!$$9$0$K(BMercurial$B$r;H$$;O$a$k$3$H$,$G$-$k!%?7$7$$JQ(B +$B99$H%V%i%s%A$r:n$j!$!J%m!<%+%k$d%M%C%H%o!<%/1[$7$K!KJQ99$rE>Aw$7!$MzNr$H(B +$B>uBV$K4X$9$kF0:n$O$9$Y$F9bB.$G$"$k!%(B Mercurial$B$N8D!9$NF0:n$O6K$a$F9bB.$G(B +$B$"$j!$A4BN$H$7$F$bAGAa$/!$%*!<%P%X%C%I$,$[$H$s$ICN3P$G$-$J$$$h$&$JF0:n$r(B +$B$9$k$h$&$K$J$C$F$$$k!%(B + +%The usefulness of Mercurial is not limited to small projects: it is +%used by projects with hundreds to thousands of contributors, each +%containing tens of thousands of files and hundreds of megabytes of +%source code. -The usefulness of Mercurial is not limited to small projects: it is -used by projects with hundreds to thousands of contributors, each -containing tens of thousands of files and hundreds of megabytes of -source code. +Mercurial$B$NM-MQ@-$O!$>.$5$J%W%m%8%'%/%H$K8B$i$J$$!%(BMercurial$B$O?tI4?M$+$i(B +$B?t@i?M$N9W8%<T$rMJ$7!$?tK|$N%U%!%$%k$+$i$J$k?tI4%a%,%P%$%H$K$b5Z$V%=!<%9(B +$B%3!<%I$+$i$J$k%W%m%8%'%/%H$G$bM-8z$G$"$k!%(B -If the core functionality of Mercurial is not enough for you, it's -easy to build on. Mercurial is well suited to scripting tasks, and -its clean internals and implementation in Python make it easy to add -features in the form of extensions. There are a number of popular and -useful extensions already available, ranging from helping to identify -bugs to improving performance. +%If the core functionality of Mercurial is not enough for you, it's +%easy to build on. Mercurial is well suited to scripting tasks, and +%its clean internals and implementation in Python make it easy to add +%features in the form of extensions. There are a number of popular and +%useful extensions already available, ranging from helping to identify +%bugs to improving performance. + +Mercurial$B$N3K$K$J$k5!G=$,==J,$G$J$+$C$?>l9g!$3HD%$9$k$3$H$O$?$d$9$$!%(B +Mercurial$B$O%9%/%j%W%H$H$h$/Fk@w$`!%$^$?@0$C$?FbIt9=B$$H(BPython$B$K$h$k<BAu$N(B +$B$?$a!$3HD%$N7A$G?7$7$$5!G=$rDI2C$9$k$N$,MF0W$G$"$k!%%P%0$N<1JL$r=u$1$k$b(B +$B$N$+$i!$@-G=$r2~A1$9$k$b$N$^$G!$?M5$$N9b$$M-MQ$J3HD%$,$9$G$K?tB?$/B8:_$7(B +$B$F$$$k!%(B %\section{Mercurial compared with other tools} \section{Mercurial$B$HB>$N%D!<%k$NHf3S(B} @@ -555,71 +659,123 @@ $B%"%9$,$+$+$C$F$$$k$3$H$rM}2r$7$FM_$7$$!%I.<T$O2<5-$N%j%S%8%g%s%3%s%H%m!<(B $B%k%D!<%k$N$9$Y$F$r;HMQ$7$?$3$H$,$"$j!$$=$N;HMQ4|4V$OB?$/$N>l9g?tG/$K5Z$V!%(B - \subsection{Subversion} -Subversion is a popular revision control tool, developed to replace -CVS. It has a centralised client/server architecture. +%Subversion is a popular revision control tool, developed to replace +%CVS. It has a centralised client/server architecture. + +Subversion$B$O!$(BCVS$B$rCV$-49$($k$Y$/3+H/$5$l$?!$?M5$$N9b$$%j%S%8%g%s%3%s%H%m!<(B +$B%k%D!<%k$G$"$k!%$3$l$bCf1{=8Cf7?$N%/%i%$%"%s%H%5!<%P%"!<%-%F%/%A%c$r;}$D!%(B + +%Subversion and Mercurial have similarly named commands for performing +%the same operations, so if you're familiar with one, it is easy to +%learn to use the other. Both tools are portable to all popular +%operating systems. -Subversion and Mercurial have similarly named commands for performing -the same operations, so if you're familiar with one, it is easy to -learn to use the other. Both tools are portable to all popular -operating systems. +Subversion$B$H(BMercurial$B$G$O!$F1$8F0:n$N$?$a$N%3%^%s%I$KF1MM$NL>A0$,IU$1$i$l(B +$B$F$$$k$?$a!$$I$A$i$+$K47$l$F$$$l$P$b$&0lJ}$r3X$V$N$O$?$d$9$$!%$I$A$i$N%D!<(B +$B%k$b$9$Y$F$N?M5$$N9b$$%*%Z%l!<%F%#%s%0%7%9%F%`$K0\?"$5$l$F$$$k!%(B + +%Subversion lacks a history-aware merge capability, forcing its users +%to manually track exactly which revisions have been merged between +%branches. If users fail to do this, or make mistakes, they face the +%prospect of manually resolving merges with unnecessary conflicts. +%Subversion also fails to merge changes when files or directories are +%renamed. Subversion's poor merge support is its single biggest +%weakness. -Subversion lacks a history-aware merge capability, forcing its users -to manually track exactly which revisions have been merged between -branches. If users fail to do this, or make mistakes, they face the -prospect of manually resolving merges with unnecessary conflicts. -Subversion also fails to merge changes when files or directories are -renamed. Subversion's poor merge support is its single biggest -weakness. +Subversion$B$OMzNr$r9MN8$7$?%^!<%8$N5!G=$r7g$$$F$*$j!$@53N$K$I$N%j%S%8%g%s(B +$B$,%V%i%s%A4V$G%^!<%8$5$l$?$N$+%f!<%6<+?H$,%H%i%C%/$9$kI,MW$,$"$k!#%f!<%6(B +$B$,DI$$@Z$l$J$+$C$?>l9g$d4V0c$$$rHH$7$?>l9g!$I,MW$N$J$$%3%s%U%j%/%H$r<jF0(B +$B$G2r7h$9$k$3$H$K$J$k!%(BSubversion$B$O%U%!%$%k$d%G%#%l%/%H%j$,%j%M!<%`$5$l$F(B +$B$$$?>l9g$b%^!<%8$K<:GT$9$k!%%^!<%8%5%]!<%H$N<e$5$O(BSubversion$B$N:GBg$N<eE@(B +$B$N0l$D$G$"$k!%(B -Mercurial has a substantial performance advantage over Subversion on -every revision control operation I have benchmarked. I have measured -its advantage as ranging from a factor of two to a factor of six when -compared with Subversion~1.4.3's \emph{ra\_local} file store, which is -the fastest access method available). In more realistic deployments -involving a network-based store, Subversion will be at a substantially -larger disadvantage. Because many Subversion commands must talk to -the server and Subversion does not have useful replication facilities, -server capacity and network bandwidth become bottlenecks for modestly -large projects. +%Mercurial has a substantial performance advantage over Subversion on +%every revision control operation I have benchmarked. I have measured +%its advantage as ranging from a factor of two to a factor of six when +%compared with Subversion~1.4.3's \emph{ra\_local} file store, which is +%the fastest access method available. In more realistic deployments +%involving a network-based store, Subversion will be at a substantially +%larger disadvantage. Because many Subversion commands must talk to +%the server and Subversion does not have useful replication facilities, +%server capacity and network bandwidth become bottlenecks for modestly +%large projects. + +Mercurial$B$OI.<T$,%Y%s%A%^!<%/$r9T$C$?A4$F$N%j%S%8%g%s%3%s%H%m!<%kA`:n$K$*(B +$B$$$F(BSubversion$B$h$j$bL@3N$J@-G=>e$NM%0L@-$r;}$C$F$$$k!%I.<T$O(B2$B$+$i(B6$B$^$G$N(B +$BHO0O$GM%0L@-$r(BSubversion~1.4.3$B$GMxMQ2DG=$JCf$G:G$b9bB.$J(B\emph{ra\_$B%m!<%+(B +$B%k(B}$B%U%!%$%kJ]B8$HHf3S$7$?!%$h$j8=<BE*$JMxMQ$G$O%M%C%H%o!<%/$rMxMQ$7$?%U%!(B +$B%$%k%5!<%S%9$rMQ$$$k$3$H$K$J$j!$(BSubversion$B$G$OL@3N$KBg$-$JITMx$,$"$k!%B?(B +$B$/$N(BSubversion$B%3%^%s%I$O%5!<%P$HDL?.$9$kI,MW$,$"$j!$(BSubversion$B$O<BMQE*$J(B +$BJ#@=5!9=$r;}$?$J$$$?$a!$0lDj0J>e$N5,LO$N%W%m%8%'%/%H$G$O!$%5!<%P%-%c%Q%7(B +$B%F%#$H%M%C%H%o!<%/$N%P%s%II}$,%\%H%k%M%C%/$H$J$k$+$i$G$"$k!%(B + +%Additionally, Subversion incurs substantial storage overhead to avoid +%network transactions for a few common operations, such as finding +%modified files (\texttt{status}) and displaying modifications against +%the current revision (\texttt{diff}). As a result, a Subversion +%working copy is often the same size as, or larger than, a Mercurial +%repository and working directory, even though the Mercurial repository +%contains a complete history of the project. -Additionally, Subversion incurs substantial storage overhead to avoid -network transactions for a few common operations, such as finding -modified files (\texttt{status}) and displaying modifications against -the current revision (\texttt{diff}). As a result, a Subversion -working copy is often the same size as, or larger than, a Mercurial -repository and working directory, even though the Mercurial repository -contains a complete history of the project. +$B$5$i$K!$(BSubversion$B$O99?7$5$l$?%U%!%$%k$NC5:w(B(\texttt{status})$B$H!$8=:_$N%j(B +$B%S%8%g%s$KBP$9$k:9J,$N$rI=<((B(\texttt{diff})$B$J$I$N$$$/$D$+$NA`:n$G%M%C%H%o!<(B +$B%/%H%i%s%6%/%7%g%s$rHr$1$k$?$a$KL@3N$J%9%H%l!<%8%*!<%P%X%C%I$r$b$?$i$9!%(B +$B7k2L$H$7$F!$(BSubversion$B$N%o!<%-%s%0%3%T!<$O!$%W%m%8%'%/%H$N40A4$JMzNr$r4^(B +$B$`(BMercurial$B$N%j%]%8%H%j5Z$S%o!<%-%s%0%G%#%l%/%H%j$HF1$8$+$h$jBg$-$J%5%$%:(B +$B$H$J$C$F$7$^$&!%(B + +%Subversion is widely supported by third party tools. Mercurial +%currently lags considerably in this area. This gap is closing, +%however, and indeed some of Mercurial's GUI tools now outshine their +%Subversion equivalents. Like Mercurial, Subversion has an excellent +%user manual. -Subversion is widely supported by third party tools. Mercurial -currently lags considerably in this area. This gap is closing, -however, and indeed some of Mercurial's GUI tools now outshine their -Subversion equivalents. Like Mercurial, Subversion has an excellent -user manual. +Subversion$B$K$OB?$/$N%5!<%I%Q!<%F%#%D!<%k$,$"$k!%(BMercurial$B$O$3$NE@$G$+$J$j(B +$BCY$l$F$$$k!%%.%c%C%W$O=L$^$j$D$D$"$k$,!$(BMercurial$B$N(BGUI$B%D!<%k$N$$$/$D$+(B +$B$O!$BP1~$9$k(BSubversion$BMQ$N$b$N$h$j$b=($G$F$$$k!%(BSubversion$B$K$O(BMercurial$B$H(B +$BF1MM$KM%$l$?%f!<%6%^%K%e%"%k$,$"$k!%(B + +%Because Subversion doesn't store revision history on the client, it is +%well suited to managing projects that deal with lots of large, opaque +%binary files. If you check in fifty revisions to an incompressible +%10MB file, Subversion's client-side space usage stays constant. The +%space used by any distributed SCM will grow rapidly in proportion to +%the number of revisions, because the differences between each revision +%are large. -Because Subversion doesn't store revision history on the client, it is -well suited to managing projects that deal with lots of large, opaque -binary files. If you check in fifty revisions to an incompressible -10MB file, Subversion's client-side space usage stays constant The -space used by any distributed SCM will grow rapidly in proportion to -the number of revisions, because the differences between each revision -are large. +Subversion$B$O%j%S%8%g%s$NMzNr$r%/%i%$%"%s%HFb$K;}$?$J$$$?$a!$%5%$%:$,Bg$-(B +$B$/FbMF$NL@$i$+$G$J$$B??t$N%P%$%J%j%U%!%$%k$r<h$j07$&$N$K$O8~$$$F$$$k!%(B +$B05=L$N8z$+$J$$(B10MB$B$N%U%!%$%k$KBP$7$F(B50$B%j%S%8%g%s$r%A%'%C%/%$%s$9$k>l(B +$B9g!$(BSubversion$B$N%/%i%$%"%s%HB&$N%9%H%l!<%8$N;HMQNL$O0lDj$G$"$k!%(B +$BJ,;6(BSCM$B$G$O!$%9%H%l!<%8;HMQNL$O3F!9$N%j%S%8%g%s4V$G$N:9J,$,Bg$-$$$?$a!$%j(B +$B%S%8%g%s?t$KHfNc$7$F$9$0$KA}$($F$7$^$&!%(B + +%In addition, it's often difficult or, more usually, impossible to +%merge different versions of a binary file. Subversion's ability to +%let a user lock a file, so that they temporarily have the exclusive +%right to commit changes to it, can be a significant advantage to a +%project where binary files are widely used. -In addition, it's often difficult or, more usually, impossible to -merge different versions of a binary file. Subversion's ability to -let a user lock a file, so that they temporarily have the exclusive -right to commit changes to it, can be a significant advantage to a -project where binary files are widely used. +$B2C$($F!$0[$J$k%P!<%8%g%s$N%P%$%J%j%U%!%$%k$r%^!<%8$9$k$N$OIT2DG=$G$"$C$?(B +$B$j!$:$Fq$G$"$C$?$j$9$k!%(B Subversion$B$G$O%U%!%$%k%m%C%/5!G=$K$h$C$F%f!<%6$,(B +$B0l;~E*$K%U%!%$%k$X$NJQ99$r%3%_%C%H$9$kGSB>E*$J8"Mx$rF@$k$3$H$,$G$-$k!%$3(B +$B$l$O%P%$%J%j%U%!%$%k$r9-HF$K;H$&%W%m%8%'%/%H$G$OBg$-$JMxE@$K$J$jF@$k!%(B -Mercurial can import revision history from a Subversion repository. -It can also export revision history to a Subversion repository. This -makes it easy to ``test the waters'' and use Mercurial and Subversion -in parallel before deciding to switch. History conversion is -incremental, so you can perform an initial conversion, then small -additional conversions afterwards to bring in new changes. +%Mercurial can import revision history from a Subversion repository. +%It can also export revision history to a Subversion repository. This +%makes it easy to ``test the waters'' and use Mercurial and Subversion +%in parallel before deciding to switch. History conversion is +%incremental, so you can perform an initial conversion, then small +%additional conversions afterwards to bring in new changes. +Mercurial$B$O(BSubversion$B%j%]%8%H%j$+$i%j%S%8%g%sMzNr$r%$%s%]!<%H$9$k$3$H$,$G(B +$B$-$k!%$^$?!$%j%S%8%g%sMzNr$r(BSubversion$B%j%]%8%H%j$K%(%/%9%]!<%H$9$k$3$H$b(B +$B2DG=$@!%$3$N$?$a!$0\9T$r7h$a$kA0$K(BMercurial$B$r;n$7$?$j!$(BMercurial$B$r(B +Subversion$B$HJB9T$7$FMxMQ$9$k$3$H$,MF0W$G$"$k!%(B +$BMzNr$NJQ49$OA2?JE*$K9T$($k$?$a!$:G=i$KJQ49$r9T$C$?8e!$?7$?$JJQ99$r<h$j9~(B +$B$`$?$a$KDI2C$NJQ49$r9T$&$3$H$,$G$-$k!%(B \subsection{Git} @@ -682,44 +838,73 @@ Mercurial$B$O(BGit$B%j%]%8%H%j$+$i%j%S%8%g%sMzNr$r%$%s%]!<%H$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$k!%(B - \subsection{CVS} -CVS is probably the most widely used revision control tool in the -world. Due to its age and internal untidiness, it has been only -lightly maintained for many years. +%CVS is probably the most widely used revision control tool in the +%world. Due to its age and internal untidiness, it has been only +%lightly maintained for many years. + +CVS$B$O$*$=$i$/@$3&Cf$G:G$b9-HO$K;HMQ$5$l$F$$$k%j%S%8%g%s%3%s%H%m!<%k%D!<(B +$B%k$G$"$m$&!%$=$N8E$5$HFbIt$NMp;($5$N$?$a!$D9$i$/7Z$$%a%s%F%J%s%9$N$_$,9T(B +$B$o$l$F$-$?!%(B -It has a centralised client/server architecture. It does not group -related file changes into atomic commits, making it easy for people to -``break the build'': one person can successfully commit part of a -change and then be blocked by the need for a merge, causing other -people to see only a portion of the work they intended to do. This -also affects how you work with project history. If you want to see -all of the modifications someone made as part of a task, you will need -to manually inspect the descriptions and timestamps of the changes -made to each file involved (if you even know what those files were). +%It has a centralised client/server architecture. It does not group +%related file changes into atomic commits, making it easy for people to +%``break the build'': one person can successfully commit part of a +%change and then be blocked by the need for a merge, causing other +%people to see only a portion of the work they intended to do. This +%also affects how you work with project history. If you want to see +%all of the modifications someone made as part of a task, you will need +%to manually inspect the descriptions and timestamps of the changes +%made to each file involved (if you even know what those files were). + +CVS$B$O=8Cf7?$N%/%i%$%"%s%H%5!<%P%"!<%-%F%/%A%c$r;}$D!%(BCVS$B$O!$4XO"$7$?%U%!(B +$B%$%kJQ99$r%0%k!<%W2=$7!$%"%H%_%C%/$K%3%_%C%H$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$J$$!%$3$N$?$a(B +$B%f!<%6$,%3%_%C%H$K$h$C$F%S%k%I$rGK2u$9$k$3$H$,5/$3$k!%C/$+$,JQ99$N0lIt$r(B +$B@.8yN"$K%3%_%C%H$7$?$b$N$N!$;D$j$NItJ,$O%^!<%8$,I,MW$J$?$a%V%m%C%/$5$l$F(B +$B$$$k>l9g!$B>$N%f!<%6$OI,MW$JJQ99$N0lIt$7$+8+$k$3$H$,$G$-$J$$!%F1$8$3$H$O(B +$B%W%m%8%'%/%H$NMzNr$KBP$7$F$b5/$3$k!%C/$+$N:n6H$K4X78$9$kJQ99$9$Y$F$r;2>H(B +$B$7$?$$>l9g!$!J$I$N%U%!%$%k$,2?$J$N$+CN$C$F$$$l$P!K4XO"$9$k3F%U%!%$%k$K$D(B +$B$$$F!$JQ99$N@bL@$H%?%$%`%9%?%s%W$r<+NO$GD4$Y$FJQ99$rFCDj$9$kI,MW$,$"$k!%(B -CVS has a muddled notion of tags and branches that I will not attempt -to even describe. It does not support renaming of files or -directories well, making it easy to corrupt a repository. It has -almost no internal consistency checking capabilities, so it is usually -not even possible to tell whether or how a repository is corrupt. I -would not recommend CVS for any project, existing or new. +%CVS has a muddled notion of tags and branches that I will not attempt +%to even describe. It does not support renaming of files or +%directories well, making it easy to corrupt a repository. It has +%almost no internal consistency checking capabilities, so it is usually +%not even possible to tell whether or how a repository is corrupt. I +%would not recommend CVS for any project, existing or new. + +CVS$B$N%?%0$H%V%i%s%A$O8l$k5$$5$(5/$-$J$$$h$&$J:.Mp$7$?7A<0$r;}$C$F$$$k!%$-(B +$B$A$s$H$7$?%U%!%$%k$d%G%#%l%/%H%j$N%j%M!<%`$r%5%]!<%H$7$J$$$?$a!$%j%]%8%H(B +$B%j$,4JC1$K2u$l$F$7$^$&!%(B cvs$B$OFbIt$G0l4S@-$r%A%'%C%/$9$k5!G=$,$J$/!$%j%](B +$B%8%H%j$NGKB;$rCN$i$;$k$3$H$b$G$-$J$$!%I.<T$O4{B8$^$?$O?75,$rLd$o$:!$$I$N(B +$B$h$&$J%W%m%8%'%/%H$G$"$C$F$b(BCVS$B$N;HMQ$OA&$a$J$$!%(B -Mercurial can import CVS revision history. However, there are a few -caveats that apply; these are true of every other revision control -tool's CVS importer, too. Due to CVS's lack of atomic changes and -unversioned filesystem hierarchy, it is not possible to reconstruct -CVS history completely accurately; some guesswork is involved, and -renames will usually not show up. Because a lot of advanced CVS -administration has to be done by hand and is hence error-prone, it's -common for CVS importers to run into multiple problems with corrupted -repositories (completely bogus revision timestamps and files that have -remained locked for over a decade are just two of the less interesting -problems I can recall from personal experience). +%Mercurial can import CVS revision history. However, there are a few +%caveats that apply; these are true of every other revision control +%tool's CVS importer, too. Due to CVS's lack of atomic changes and +%unversioned filesystem hierarchy, it is not possible to reconstruct +%CVS history completely accurately; some guesswork is involved, and +%renames will usually not show up. Because a lot of advanced CVS +%administration has to be done by hand and is hence error-prone, it's +%common for CVS importers to run into multiple problems with corrupted +%repositories (completely bogus revision timestamps and files that have +%remained locked for over a decade are just two of the less interesting +%problems I can recall from personal experience). -Mercurial can import revision history from a CVS repository. +Mercurial$B$O(BCVS$B$N%j%S%8%g%sMzNr$r%$%s%]!<%H$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$k!%$7$+$7B>$N%j(B +$B%S%8%g%s%3%s%H%m!<%k%D!<%k$N(BCVS$B%$%s%]!<%?!<F1MM$$$/$D$+$N@)8B$b$"$k!%(B +CVS$B$K$O%"%H%_%C%/%A%'%s%8$,$J$/!$%U%!%$%k%7%9%F%`3,AX$r%P!<%8%g%s4IM}$9(B +$B$kG=NO$b$J$$$?$a!$(BCVS$B$NMzNr$r40A4$+$D@53N$K:F8=$9$k$3$H$O$G$-$J$$!%:F8=(B +$B$K$O$$$/$D$+$N?dB,$,F~$j!$%j%M!<%`$ODL>o:F8=$5$l$J$$!%(B +CVS$B$G$O9bEY$J4IM}$NB?$/$,<jF0$G9T$o$l$k$?$a!$4V0c$$$,5/$3$j$d$9$/!$GKB;$7(B +$B$?%j%]%8%H%j$G(BCVS$B%$%s%]!<%?!<$,F1;~$KJ#?t$NLdBj$K8+Iq$o$l$k$3$H$,$h$/$"(B +$B$k!%!JI.<T$NITL{2w$JBN83$G$O!$(B10$BG/0J>e$K$o$?$C$F%m%C%/$5$l$?$^$^$N40A4$K(B +$BL50UL#$J%j%S%8%g%s%?%$%`%9%?%s%W$d%U%!%$%k$r8+$?$3$H$,$"$k!%!K(B +%Mercurial can import revision history from a CVS repository. + +Mercurial$B$O(BCVS$B%j%]%8%H%j$+$i%j%S%8%g%sMzNr$r%$%s%]!<%H$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$k!%(B %\subsection{Commercial tools} \subsection{$B>&MQ%D!<%k(B}