annotate ac3enc.c @ 11104:bb877c9cb102 libavcodec

Detect spatial direct MBs partitioned smaller than 16x16 that can be partitioned as 16x16 (except ones changing interlacing relative to the colocated MB). 20 cycles slower during MV generation 175 cycles faster during MC

/*
 * The simplest AC-3 encoder
 * Copyright (c) 2000 Fabrice Bellard
 *
 * This file is part of FFmpeg.
 *
 * FFmpeg is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
 * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * FFmpeg is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 * Lesser General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License along with FFmpeg; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
 */

/**
 * @file libavcodec/ac3enc.c
 * The simplest AC-3 encoder.
 */
//#define DEBUG
//#define DEBUG_BITALLOC
#include "libavutil/crc.h"
#include "avcodec.h"
#include "libavutil/common.h" /* for av_reverse */
#include "put_bits.h"
#include "ac3.h"
#include "audioconvert.h"

typedef struct AC3EncodeContext {
    PutBitContext pb;
    int nb_channels;
    int nb_all_channels;
    int lfe_channel;
    const uint8_t *channel_map;
    int bit_rate;
    unsigned int sample_rate;
    unsigned int bitstream_id;
    unsigned int frame_size_min; /* minimum frame size in case rounding is necessary */
    unsigned int frame_size; /* current frame size in words */
    unsigned int bits_written;
    unsigned int samples_written;
    int sr_shift;
    unsigned int frame_size_code;
    unsigned int sr_code; /* frequency */
    unsigned int channel_mode;
    int lfe;
    unsigned int bitstream_mode;
    short last_samples[AC3_MAX_CHANNELS][256];
    unsigned int chbwcod[AC3_MAX_CHANNELS];
    int nb_coefs[AC3_MAX_CHANNELS];

    /* bitrate allocation control */
    int slow_gain_code, slow_decay_code, fast_decay_code, db_per_bit_code, floor_code;
    AC3BitAllocParameters bit_alloc;
    int coarse_snr_offset;
    int fast_gain_code[AC3_MAX_CHANNELS];
    int fine_snr_offset[AC3_MAX_CHANNELS];
    /* mantissa encoding */
    int mant1_cnt, mant2_cnt, mant4_cnt;
} AC3EncodeContext;

static int16_t costab[64];
static int16_t sintab[64];
static int16_t xcos1[128];
static int16_t xsin1[128];

#define MDCT_NBITS 9
#define N         (1 << MDCT_NBITS)

/* new exponents are sent if their Norm 1 exceed this number */
#define EXP_DIFF_THRESHOLD 1000

static inline int16_t fix15(float a)
{
    int v;
    v = (int)(a * (float)(1 << 15));
    if (v < -32767)
        v = -32767;
    else if (v > 32767)
        v = 32767;
    return v;
}

typedef struct IComplex {
    short re,im;
} IComplex;

static av_cold void fft_init(int ln)
{
    int i, n;
    float alpha;

    n = 1 << ln;

    for(i=0;i<(n/2);i++) {
        alpha = 2 * M_PI * (float)i / (float)n;
        costab[i] = fix15(cos(alpha));
        sintab[i] = fix15(sin(alpha));
    }
}

/* butter fly op */
#define BF(pre, pim, qre, qim, pre1, pim1, qre1, qim1) \
{\
  int ax, ay, bx, by;\
  bx=pre1;\
  by=pim1;\
  ax=qre1;\
  ay=qim1;\
  pre = (bx + ax) >> 1;\
  pim = (by + ay) >> 1;\
  qre = (bx - ax) >> 1;\
  qim = (by - ay) >> 1;\
}

#define CMUL(pre, pim, are, aim, bre, bim) \
{\
   pre = (MUL16(are, bre) - MUL16(aim, bim)) >> 15;\
   pim = (MUL16(are, bim) + MUL16(bre, aim)) >> 15;\
}


/* do a 2^n point complex fft on 2^ln points. */
static void fft(IComplex *z, int ln)
{
    int        j, l, np, np2;
    int        nblocks, nloops;
    register IComplex *p,*q;
    int tmp_re, tmp_im;

    np = 1 << ln;

    /* reverse */
    for(j=0;j<np;j++) {
        int k = av_reverse[j] >> (8 - ln);
        if (k < j)
            FFSWAP(IComplex, z[k], z[j]);
    }

    /* pass 0 */

    p=&z[0];
    j=(np >> 1);
    do {
        BF(p[0].re, p[0].im, p[1].re, p[1].im,
           p[0].re, p[0].im, p[1].re, p[1].im);
        p+=2;
    } while (--j != 0);

    /* pass 1 */

    p=&z[0];
    j=np >> 2;
    do {
        BF(p[0].re, p[0].im, p[2].re, p[2].im,
           p[0].re, p[0].im, p[2].re, p[2].im);
        BF(p[1].re, p[1].im, p[3].re, p[3].im,
           p[1].re, p[1].im, p[3].im, -p[3].re);
        p+=4;
    } while (--j != 0);

    /* pass 2 .. ln-1 */

    nblocks = np >> 3;
    nloops = 1 << 2;
    np2 = np >> 1;
    do {
        p = z;
        q = z + nloops;
        for (j = 0; j < nblocks; ++j) {

            BF(p->re, p->im, q->re, q->im,
               p->re, p->im, q->re, q->im);

            p++;
            q++;
            for(l = nblocks; l < np2; l += nblocks) {
                CMUL(tmp_re, tmp_im, costab[l], -sintab[l], q->re, q->im);
                BF(p->re, p->im, q->re, q->im,
                   p->re, p->im, tmp_re, tmp_im);
                p++;
                q++;
            }
            p += nloops;
            q += nloops;
        }
        nblocks = nblocks >> 1;
        nloops = nloops << 1;
    } while (nblocks != 0);
}

/* do a 512 point mdct */
static void mdct512(int32_t *out, int16_t *in)
{
    int i, re, im, re1, im1;
    int16_t rot[N];
    IComplex x[N/4];

    /* shift to simplify computations */
    for(i=0;i<N/4;i++)
        rot[i] = -in[i + 3*N/4];
    for(i=N/4;i<N;i++)
        rot[i] = in[i - N/4];

    /* pre rotation */
    for(i=0;i<N/4;i++) {
        re = ((int)rot[2*i] - (int)rot[N-1-2*i]) >> 1;
        im = -((int)rot[N/2+2*i] - (int)rot[N/2-1-2*i]) >> 1;
        CMUL(x[i].re, x[i].im, re, im, -xcos1[i], xsin1[i]);
    }

    fft(x, MDCT_NBITS - 2);

    /* post rotation */
    for(i=0;i<N/4;i++) {
        re = x[i].re;
        im = x[i].im;
        CMUL(re1, im1, re, im, xsin1[i], xcos1[i]);
        out[2*i] = im1;
        out[N/2-1-2*i] = re1;
    }
}

/* XXX: use another norm ? */
static int calc_exp_diff(uint8_t *exp1, uint8_t *exp2, int n)
{
    int sum, i;
    sum = 0;
    for(i=0;i<n;i++) {
        sum += abs(exp1[i] - exp2[i]);
    }
    return sum;
}

static void compute_exp_strategy(uint8_t exp_strategy[NB_BLOCKS][AC3_MAX_CHANNELS],
                                 uint8_t exp[NB_BLOCKS][AC3_MAX_CHANNELS][N/2],
                                 int ch, int is_lfe)
{
    int i, j;
    int exp_diff;

    /* estimate if the exponent variation & decide if they should be
       reused in the next frame */
    exp_strategy[0][ch] = EXP_NEW;
    for(i=1;i<NB_BLOCKS;i++) {
        exp_diff = calc_exp_diff(exp[i][ch], exp[i-1][ch], N/2);
        dprintf(NULL, "exp_diff=%d\n", exp_diff);
        if (exp_diff > EXP_DIFF_THRESHOLD)
            exp_strategy[i][ch] = EXP_NEW;
        else
            exp_strategy[i][ch] = EXP_REUSE;
    }
    if (is_lfe)
        return;

    /* now select the encoding strategy type : if exponents are often
       recoded, we use a coarse encoding */
    i = 0;
    while (i < NB_BLOCKS) {
        j = i + 1;
        while (j < NB_BLOCKS && exp_strategy[j][ch] == EXP_REUSE)
            j++;
        switch(j - i) {
        case 1:
            exp_strategy[i][ch] = EXP_D45;
            break;
        case 2:
        case 3:
            exp_strategy[i][ch] = EXP_D25;
            break;
        default:
            exp_strategy[i][ch] = EXP_D15;
            break;
        }
        i = j;
    }
}

/* set exp[i] to min(exp[i], exp1[i]) */
static void exponent_min(uint8_t exp[N/2], uint8_t exp1[N/2], int n)
{
    int i;

    for(i=0;i<n;i++) {
        if (exp1[i] < exp[i])
            exp[i] = exp1[i];
    }
}

/* update the exponents so that they are the ones the decoder will
   decode. Return the number of bits used to code the exponents */
static int encode_exp(uint8_t encoded_exp[N/2],
                      uint8_t exp[N/2],
                      int nb_exps,
                      int exp_strategy)
{
    int group_size, nb_groups, i, j, k, exp_min;
    uint8_t exp1[N/2];

    switch(exp_strategy) {
    case EXP_D15:
        group_size = 1;
        break;
    case EXP_D25:
        group_size = 2;
        break;
    default:
    case EXP_D45:
        group_size = 4;
        break;
    }
    nb_groups = ((nb_exps + (group_size * 3) - 4) / (3 * group_size)) * 3;

    /* for each group, compute the minimum exponent */
    exp1[0] = exp[0]; /* DC exponent is handled separately */
    k = 1;
    for(i=1;i<=nb_groups;i++) {
        exp_min = exp[k];
        assert(exp_min >= 0 && exp_min <= 24);
        for(j=1;j<group_size;j++) {
            if (exp[k+j] < exp_min)
                exp_min = exp[k+j];
        }
        exp1[i] = exp_min;
        k += group_size;
    }

    /* constraint for DC exponent */
    if (exp1[0] > 15)
        exp1[0] = 15;

    /* Decrease the delta between each groups to within 2
     * so that they can be differentially encoded */
    for (i=1;i<=nb_groups;i++)
        exp1[i] = FFMIN(exp1[i], exp1[i-1] + 2);
    for (i=nb_groups-1;i>=0;i--)
        exp1[i] = FFMIN(exp1[i], exp1[i+1] + 2);

    /* now we have the exponent values the decoder will see */
    encoded_exp[0] = exp1[0];
    k = 1;
    for(i=1;i<=nb_groups;i++) {
        for(j=0;j<group_size;j++) {
            encoded_exp[k+j] = exp1[i];
        }
        k += group_size;
    }

#if defined(DEBUG)
    av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_DEBUG, "exponents: strategy=%d\n", exp_strategy);
    for(i=0;i<=nb_groups * group_size;i++) {
        av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_DEBUG, "%d ", encoded_exp[i]);
    }
    av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_DEBUG, "\n");
#endif

    return 4 + (nb_groups / 3) * 7;
}

/* return the size in bits taken by the mantissa */
static int compute_mantissa_size(AC3EncodeContext *s, uint8_t *m, int nb_coefs)
{
    int bits, mant, i;

    bits = 0;
    for(i=0;i<nb_coefs;i++) {
        mant = m[i];
        switch(mant) {
        case 0:
            /* nothing */
            break;
        case 1:
            /* 3 mantissa in 5 bits */
            if (s->mant1_cnt == 0)
                bits += 5;
            if (++s->mant1_cnt == 3)
                s->mant1_cnt = 0;
            break;
        case 2:
            /* 3 mantissa in 7 bits */
            if (s->mant2_cnt == 0)
                bits += 7;
            if (++s->mant2_cnt == 3)
                s->mant2_cnt = 0;
            break;
        case 3:
            bits += 3;
            break;
        case 4:
            /* 2 mantissa in 7 bits */
            if (s->mant4_cnt == 0)
                bits += 7;
            if (++s->mant4_cnt == 2)
                s->mant4_cnt = 0;
            break;
        case 14:
            bits += 14;
            break;
        case 15:
            bits += 16;
            break;
        default:
            bits += mant - 1;
            break;
        }
    }
    return bits;
}


static void bit_alloc_masking(AC3EncodeContext *s,
                              uint8_t encoded_exp[NB_BLOCKS][AC3_MAX_CHANNELS][N/2],
                              uint8_t exp_strategy[NB_BLOCKS][AC3_MAX_CHANNELS],
                              int16_t psd[NB_BLOCKS][AC3_MAX_CHANNELS][N/2],
                              int16_t mask[NB_BLOCKS][AC3_MAX_CHANNELS][50])
{
    int blk, ch;
    int16_t band_psd[NB_BLOCKS][AC3_MAX_CHANNELS][50];

    for(blk=0; blk<NB_BLOCKS; blk++) {
        for(ch=0;ch<s->nb_all_channels;ch++) {
            if(exp_strategy[blk][ch] == EXP_REUSE) {
                memcpy(psd[blk][ch], psd[blk-1][ch], (N/2)*sizeof(int16_t));
                memcpy(mask[blk][ch], mask[blk-1][ch], 50*sizeof(int16_t));
            } else {
                ff_ac3_bit_alloc_calc_psd(encoded_exp[blk][ch], 0,
                                          s->nb_coefs[ch],
                                          psd[blk][ch], band_psd[blk][ch]);
                ff_ac3_bit_alloc_calc_mask(&s->bit_alloc, band_psd[blk][ch],
                                           0, s->nb_coefs[ch],
                                           ff_ac3_fast_gain_tab[s->fast_gain_code[ch]],
                                           ch == s->lfe_channel,
                                           DBA_NONE, 0, NULL, NULL, NULL,
                                           mask[blk][ch]);
            }
        }
    }
}

static int bit_alloc(AC3EncodeContext *s,
                     int16_t mask[NB_BLOCKS][AC3_MAX_CHANNELS][50],
                     int16_t psd[NB_BLOCKS][AC3_MAX_CHANNELS][N/2],
                     uint8_t bap[NB_BLOCKS][AC3_MAX_CHANNELS][N/2],
                     int frame_bits, int coarse_snr_offset, int fine_snr_offset)
{
    int i, ch;
    int snr_offset;

    snr_offset = (((coarse_snr_offset - 15) << 4) + fine_snr_offset) << 2;

    /* compute size */
    for(i=0;i<NB_BLOCKS;i++) {
        s->mant1_cnt = 0;
        s->mant2_cnt = 0;
        s->mant4_cnt = 0;
        for(ch=0;ch<s->nb_all_channels;ch++) {
            ff_ac3_bit_alloc_calc_bap(mask[i][ch], psd[i][ch], 0,
                                      s->nb_coefs[ch], snr_offset,
                                      s->bit_alloc.floor, ff_ac3_bap_tab,
                                      bap[i][ch]);
            frame_bits += compute_mantissa_size(s, bap[i][ch],
                                                 s->nb_coefs[ch]);
        }
    }
#if 0
    printf("csnr=%d fsnr=%d frame_bits=%d diff=%d\n",
           coarse_snr_offset, fine_snr_offset, frame_bits,
           16 * s->frame_size - ((frame_bits + 7) & ~7));
#endif
    return 16 * s->frame_size - frame_bits;
}

#define SNR_INC1 4

static int compute_bit_allocation(AC3EncodeContext *s,
                                  uint8_t bap[NB_BLOCKS][AC3_MAX_CHANNELS][N/2],
                                  uint8_t encoded_exp[NB_BLOCKS][AC3_MAX_CHANNELS][N/2],
                                  uint8_t exp_strategy[NB_BLOCKS][AC3_MAX_CHANNELS],
                                  int frame_bits)
{
    int i, ch;
    int coarse_snr_offset, fine_snr_offset;
    uint8_t bap1[NB_BLOCKS][AC3_MAX_CHANNELS][N/2];
    int16_t psd[NB_BLOCKS][AC3_MAX_CHANNELS][N/2];
    int16_t mask[NB_BLOCKS][AC3_MAX_CHANNELS][50];
    static const int frame_bits_inc[8] = { 0, 0, 2, 2, 2, 4, 2, 4 };

    /* init default parameters */
    s->slow_decay_code = 2;
    s->fast_decay_code = 1;
    s->slow_gain_code = 1;
    s->db_per_bit_code = 2;
    s->floor_code = 4;
    for(ch=0;ch<s->nb_all_channels;ch++)
        s->fast_gain_code[ch] = 4;

    /* compute real values */
    s->bit_alloc.sr_code = s->sr_code;
    s->bit_alloc.sr_shift = s->sr_shift;
    s->bit_alloc.slow_decay = ff_ac3_slow_decay_tab[s->slow_decay_code] >> s->sr_shift;
    s->bit_alloc.fast_decay = ff_ac3_fast_decay_tab[s->fast_decay_code] >> s->sr_shift;
    s->bit_alloc.slow_gain = ff_ac3_slow_gain_tab[s->slow_gain_code];
    s->bit_alloc.db_per_bit = ff_ac3_db_per_bit_tab[s->db_per_bit_code];
    s->bit_alloc.floor = ff_ac3_floor_tab[s->floor_code];

    /* header size */
    frame_bits += 65;
    // if (s->channel_mode == 2)
    //    frame_bits += 2;
    frame_bits += frame_bits_inc[s->channel_mode];

    /* audio blocks */
    for(i=0;i<NB_BLOCKS;i++) {
        frame_bits += s->nb_channels * 2 + 2; /* blksw * c, dithflag * c, dynrnge, cplstre */
        if (s->channel_mode == AC3_CHMODE_STEREO) {
            frame_bits++; /* rematstr */
            if(i==0) frame_bits += 4;
        }
        frame_bits += 2 * s->nb_channels; /* chexpstr[2] * c */
        if (s->lfe)
            frame_bits++; /* lfeexpstr */
        for(ch=0;ch<s->nb_channels;ch++) {
            if (exp_strategy[i][ch] != EXP_REUSE)
                frame_bits += 6 + 2; /* chbwcod[6], gainrng[2] */
        }
        frame_bits++; /* baie */
        frame_bits++; /* snr */
        frame_bits += 2; /* delta / skip */
    }
    frame_bits++; /* cplinu for block 0 */
    /* bit alloc info */
    /* sdcycod[2], fdcycod[2], sgaincod[2], dbpbcod[2], floorcod[3] */
    /* csnroffset[6] */
    /* (fsnoffset[4] + fgaincod[4]) * c */
    frame_bits += 2*4 + 3 + 6 + s->nb_all_channels * (4 + 3);

    /* auxdatae, crcrsv */
    frame_bits += 2;

    /* CRC */
    frame_bits += 16;

    /* calculate psd and masking curve before doing bit allocation */
    bit_alloc_masking(s, encoded_exp, exp_strategy, psd, mask);

    /* now the big work begins : do the bit allocation. Modify the snr
       offset until we can pack everything in the requested frame size */

    coarse_snr_offset = s->coarse_snr_offset;
    while (coarse_snr_offset >= 0 &&
           bit_alloc(s, mask, psd, bap, frame_bits, coarse_snr_offset, 0) < 0)
        coarse_snr_offset -= SNR_INC1;
    if (coarse_snr_offset < 0) {
        av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Bit allocation failed. Try increasing the bitrate.\n");
        return -1;
    }
    while ((coarse_snr_offset + SNR_INC1) <= 63 &&
           bit_alloc(s, mask, psd, bap1, frame_bits,
                     coarse_snr_offset + SNR_INC1, 0) >= 0) {
        coarse_snr_offset += SNR_INC1;
        memcpy(bap, bap1, sizeof(bap1));
    }
    while ((coarse_snr_offset + 1) <= 63 &&
           bit_alloc(s, mask, psd, bap1, frame_bits, coarse_snr_offset + 1, 0) >= 0) {
        coarse_snr_offset++;
        memcpy(bap, bap1, sizeof(bap1));
    }

    fine_snr_offset = 0;
    while ((fine_snr_offset + SNR_INC1) <= 15 &&
           bit_alloc(s, mask, psd, bap1, frame_bits,
                     coarse_snr_offset, fine_snr_offset + SNR_INC1) >= 0) {
        fine_snr_offset += SNR_INC1;
        memcpy(bap, bap1, sizeof(bap1));
    }
    while ((fine_snr_offset + 1) <= 15 &&
           bit_alloc(s, mask, psd, bap1, frame_bits,
                     coarse_snr_offset, fine_snr_offset + 1) >= 0) {
        fine_snr_offset++;
        memcpy(bap, bap1, sizeof(bap1));
    }

    s->coarse_snr_offset = coarse_snr_offset;
    for(ch=0;ch<s->nb_all_channels;ch++)
        s->fine_snr_offset[ch] = fine_snr_offset;
#if defined(DEBUG_BITALLOC)
    {
        int j;

        for(i=0;i<6;i++) {
            for(ch=0;ch<s->nb_all_channels;ch++) {
                printf("Block #%d Ch%d:\n", i, ch);
                printf("bap=");
                for(j=0;j<s->nb_coefs[ch];j++) {
                    printf("%d ",bap[i][ch][j]);
                }
                printf("\n");
            }
        }
    }
#endif
    return 0;
}

static av_cold int set_channel_info(AC3EncodeContext *s, int channels,
                                    int64_t *channel_layout)
{
    int ch_layout;

    if (channels < 1 || channels > AC3_MAX_CHANNELS)
        return -1;
    if ((uint64_t)*channel_layout > 0x7FF)
        return -1;
    ch_layout = *channel_layout;
    if (!ch_layout)
        ch_layout = avcodec_guess_channel_layout(channels, CODEC_ID_AC3, NULL);
    if (avcodec_channel_layout_num_channels(ch_layout) != channels)
        return -1;

    s->lfe = !!(ch_layout & CH_LOW_FREQUENCY);
    s->nb_all_channels = channels;
    s->nb_channels = channels - s->lfe;
    s->lfe_channel = s->lfe ? s->nb_channels : -1;
    if (s->lfe)
        ch_layout -= CH_LOW_FREQUENCY;

    switch (ch_layout) {
    case CH_LAYOUT_MONO:           s->channel_mode = AC3_CHMODE_MONO;   break;
    case CH_LAYOUT_STEREO:         s->channel_mode = AC3_CHMODE_STEREO; break;
    case CH_LAYOUT_SURROUND:       s->channel_mode = AC3_CHMODE_3F;     break;
    case CH_LAYOUT_2_1:            s->channel_mode = AC3_CHMODE_2F1R;   break;
    case CH_LAYOUT_4POINT0:        s->channel_mode = AC3_CHMODE_3F1R;   break;
    case CH_LAYOUT_QUAD:
    case CH_LAYOUT_2_2:            s->channel_mode = AC3_CHMODE_2F2R;   break;
    case CH_LAYOUT_5POINT0:
    case CH_LAYOUT_5POINT0_BACK:   s->channel_mode = AC3_CHMODE_3F2R;   break;
    default:
        return -1;
    }

    s->channel_map = ff_ac3_enc_channel_map[s->channel_mode][s->lfe];
    *channel_layout = ch_layout;
    if (s->lfe)
        *channel_layout |= CH_LOW_FREQUENCY;

    return 0;
}

static av_cold int AC3_encode_init(AVCodecContext *avctx)
{
    int freq = avctx->sample_rate;
    int bitrate = avctx->bit_rate;
    AC3EncodeContext *s = avctx->priv_data;
    int i, j, ch;
    float alpha;
    int bw_code;

    avctx->frame_size = AC3_FRAME_SIZE;

    ac3_common_init();

    if (!avctx->channel_layout) {
        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_WARNING, "No channel layout specified. The "
                                      "encoder will guess the layout, but it "
                                      "might be incorrect.\n");
    }
    if (set_channel_info(s, avctx->channels, &avctx->channel_layout)) {
        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "invalid channel layout\n");
        return -1;
    }

    /* frequency */
    for(i=0;i<3;i++) {
        for(j=0;j<3;j++)
            if ((ff_ac3_sample_rate_tab[j] >> i) == freq)
                goto found;
    }
    return -1;
 found:
    s->sample_rate = freq;
    s->sr_shift = i;
    s->sr_code = j;
    s->bitstream_id = 8 + s->sr_shift;
    s->bitstream_mode = 0; /* complete main audio service */

    /* bitrate & frame size */
    for(i=0;i<19;i++) {
        if ((ff_ac3_bitrate_tab[i] >> s->sr_shift)*1000 == bitrate)
            break;
    }
    if (i == 19)
        return -1;
    s->bit_rate = bitrate;
    s->frame_size_code = i << 1;
    s->frame_size_min = ff_ac3_frame_size_tab[s->frame_size_code][s->sr_code];
    s->bits_written = 0;
    s->samples_written = 0;
    s->frame_size = s->frame_size_min;

    /* bit allocation init */
    if(avctx->cutoff) {
        /* calculate bandwidth based on user-specified cutoff frequency */
        int cutoff = av_clip(avctx->cutoff, 1, s->sample_rate >> 1);
        int fbw_coeffs = cutoff * 512 / s->sample_rate;
        bw_code = av_clip((fbw_coeffs - 73) / 3, 0, 60);
    } else {
        /* use default bandwidth setting */
        /* XXX: should compute the bandwidth according to the frame
           size, so that we avoid annoying high frequency artifacts */
        bw_code = 50;
    }
    for(ch=0;ch<s->nb_channels;ch++) {
        /* bandwidth for each channel */
        s->chbwcod[ch] = bw_code;
        s->nb_coefs[ch] = bw_code * 3 + 73;
    }
    if (s->lfe) {
        s->nb_coefs[s->lfe_channel] = 7; /* fixed */
    }
    /* initial snr offset */
    s->coarse_snr_offset = 40;

    /* mdct init */
    fft_init(MDCT_NBITS - 2);
    for(i=0;i<N/4;i++) {
        alpha = 2 * M_PI * (i + 1.0 / 8.0) / (float)N;
        xcos1[i] = fix15(-cos(alpha));
        xsin1[i] = fix15(-sin(alpha));
    }

    avctx->coded_frame= avcodec_alloc_frame();
    avctx->coded_frame->key_frame= 1;

    return 0;
}

/* output the AC-3 frame header */
static void output_frame_header(AC3EncodeContext *s, unsigned char *frame)
{
    init_put_bits(&s->pb, frame, AC3_MAX_CODED_FRAME_SIZE);

    put_bits(&s->pb, 16, 0x0b77); /* frame header */
    put_bits(&s->pb, 16, 0); /* crc1: will be filled later */
    put_bits(&s->pb, 2, s->sr_code);
    put_bits(&s->pb, 6, s->frame_size_code + (s->frame_size - s->frame_size_min));
    put_bits(&s->pb, 5, s->bitstream_id);
    put_bits(&s->pb, 3, s->bitstream_mode);
    put_bits(&s->pb, 3, s->channel_mode);
    if ((s->channel_mode & 0x01) && s->channel_mode != AC3_CHMODE_MONO)
        put_bits(&s->pb, 2, 1); /* XXX -4.5 dB */
    if (s->channel_mode & 0x04)
        put_bits(&s->pb, 2, 1); /* XXX -6 dB */
    if (s->channel_mode == AC3_CHMODE_STEREO)
        put_bits(&s->pb, 2, 0); /* surround not indicated */
    put_bits(&s->pb, 1, s->lfe); /* LFE */
    put_bits(&s->pb, 5, 31); /* dialog norm: -31 db */
    put_bits(&s->pb, 1, 0); /* no compression control word */
    put_bits(&s->pb, 1, 0); /* no lang code */
    put_bits(&s->pb, 1, 0); /* no audio production info */
    put_bits(&s->pb, 1, 0); /* no copyright */
    put_bits(&s->pb, 1, 1); /* original bitstream */
    put_bits(&s->pb, 1, 0); /* no time code 1 */
    put_bits(&s->pb, 1, 0); /* no time code 2 */
    put_bits(&s->pb, 1, 0); /* no additional bit stream info */
}

/* symetric quantization on 'levels' levels */
static inline int sym_quant(int c, int e, int levels)
{
    int v;

    if (c >= 0) {
        v = (levels * (c << e)) >> 24;
        v = (v + 1) >> 1;
        v = (levels >> 1) + v;
    } else {
        v = (levels * ((-c) << e)) >> 24;
        v = (v + 1) >> 1;
        v = (levels >> 1) - v;
    }
    assert (v >= 0 && v < levels);
    return v;
}

/* asymetric quantization on 2^qbits levels */
static inline int asym_quant(int c, int e, int qbits)
{
    int lshift, m, v;

    lshift = e + qbits - 24;
    if (lshift >= 0)
        v = c << lshift;
    else
        v = c >> (-lshift);
    /* rounding */
    v = (v + 1) >> 1;
    m = (1 << (qbits-1));
    if (v >= m)
        v = m - 1;
    assert(v >= -m);
    return v & ((1 << qbits)-1);
}

/* Output one audio block. There are NB_BLOCKS audio blocks in one AC-3
   frame */
static void output_audio_block(AC3EncodeContext *s,
                               uint8_t exp_strategy[AC3_MAX_CHANNELS],
                               uint8_t encoded_exp[AC3_MAX_CHANNELS][N/2],
                               uint8_t bap[AC3_MAX_CHANNELS][N/2],
                               int32_t mdct_coefs[AC3_MAX_CHANNELS][N/2],
                               int8_t global_exp[AC3_MAX_CHANNELS],
                               int block_num)
{
    int ch, nb_groups, group_size, i, baie, rbnd;
    uint8_t *p;
    uint16_t qmant[AC3_MAX_CHANNELS][N/2];
    int exp0, exp1;
    int mant1_cnt, mant2_cnt, mant4_cnt;
    uint16_t *qmant1_ptr, *qmant2_ptr, *qmant4_ptr;
    int delta0, delta1, delta2;

    for(ch=0;ch<s->nb_channels;ch++)
        put_bits(&s->pb, 1, 0); /* 512 point MDCT */
    for(ch=0;ch<s->nb_channels;ch++)
        put_bits(&s->pb, 1, 1); /* no dither */
    put_bits(&s->pb, 1, 0); /* no dynamic range */
    if (block_num == 0) {
        /* for block 0, even if no coupling, we must say it. This is a
           waste of bit :-) */
        put_bits(&s->pb, 1, 1); /* coupling strategy present */
        put_bits(&s->pb, 1, 0); /* no coupling strategy */
    } else {
        put_bits(&s->pb, 1, 0); /* no new coupling strategy */
    }

    if (s->channel_mode == AC3_CHMODE_STEREO)
      {
        if(block_num==0)
          {
            /* first block must define rematrixing (rematstr)  */
            put_bits(&s->pb, 1, 1);

            /* dummy rematrixing rematflg(1:4)=0 */
            for (rbnd=0;rbnd<4;rbnd++)
              put_bits(&s->pb, 1, 0);
          }
        else
          {
            /* no matrixing (but should be used in the future) */
            put_bits(&s->pb, 1, 0);
          }
      }

#if defined(DEBUG)
    {
      static int count = 0;
      av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_DEBUG, "Block #%d (%d)\n", block_num, count++);
    }
#endif
    /* exponent strategy */
    for(ch=0;ch<s->nb_channels;ch++) {
        put_bits(&s->pb, 2, exp_strategy[ch]);
    }

    if (s->lfe) {
        put_bits(&s->pb, 1, exp_strategy[s->lfe_channel]);
    }

    for(ch=0;ch<s->nb_channels;ch++) {
        if (exp_strategy[ch] != EXP_REUSE)
            put_bits(&s->pb, 6, s->chbwcod[ch]);
    }

    /* exponents */
    for (ch = 0; ch < s->nb_all_channels; ch++) {
        switch(exp_strategy[ch]) {
        case EXP_REUSE:
            continue;
        case EXP_D15:
            group_size = 1;
            break;
        case EXP_D25:
            group_size = 2;
            break;
        default:
        case EXP_D45:
            group_size = 4;
            break;
        }
        nb_groups = (s->nb_coefs[ch] + (group_size * 3) - 4) / (3 * group_size);
        p = encoded_exp[ch];

        /* first exponent */
        exp1 = *p++;
        put_bits(&s->pb, 4, exp1);

        /* next ones are delta encoded */
        for(i=0;i<nb_groups;i++) {
            /* merge three delta in one code */
            exp0 = exp1;
            exp1 = p[0];
            p += group_size;
            delta0 = exp1 - exp0 + 2;

            exp0 = exp1;
            exp1 = p[0];
            p += group_size;
            delta1 = exp1 - exp0 + 2;

            exp0 = exp1;
            exp1 = p[0];
            p += group_size;
            delta2 = exp1 - exp0 + 2;

            put_bits(&s->pb, 7, ((delta0 * 5 + delta1) * 5) + delta2);
        }

        if (ch != s->lfe_channel)
            put_bits(&s->pb, 2, 0); /* no gain range info */
    }

    /* bit allocation info */
    baie = (block_num == 0);
    put_bits(&s->pb, 1, baie);
    if (baie) {
        put_bits(&s->pb, 2, s->slow_decay_code);
        put_bits(&s->pb, 2, s->fast_decay_code);
        put_bits(&s->pb, 2, s->slow_gain_code);
        put_bits(&s->pb, 2, s->db_per_bit_code);
        put_bits(&s->pb, 3, s->floor_code);
    }

    /* snr offset */
    put_bits(&s->pb, 1, baie); /* always present with bai */
    if (baie) {
        put_bits(&s->pb, 6, s->coarse_snr_offset);
        for(ch=0;ch<s->nb_all_channels;ch++) {
            put_bits(&s->pb, 4, s->fine_snr_offset[ch]);
            put_bits(&s->pb, 3, s->fast_gain_code[ch]);
        }
    }

    put_bits(&s->pb, 1, 0); /* no delta bit allocation */
    put_bits(&s->pb, 1, 0); /* no data to skip */

    /* mantissa encoding : we use two passes to handle the grouping. A
       one pass method may be faster, but it would necessitate to
       modify the output stream. */

    /* first pass: quantize */
    mant1_cnt = mant2_cnt = mant4_cnt = 0;
    qmant1_ptr = qmant2_ptr = qmant4_ptr = NULL;

    for (ch = 0; ch < s->nb_all_channels; ch++) {
        int b, c, e, v;

        for(i=0;i<s->nb_coefs[ch];i++) {
            c = mdct_coefs[ch][i];
            e = encoded_exp[ch][i] - global_exp[ch];
            b = bap[ch][i];
            switch(b) {
            case 0:
                v = 0;
                break;
            case 1:
                v = sym_quant(c, e, 3);
                switch(mant1_cnt) {
                case 0:
                    qmant1_ptr = &qmant[ch][i];
                    v = 9 * v;
                    mant1_cnt = 1;
                    break;
                case 1:
                    *qmant1_ptr += 3 * v;
                    mant1_cnt = 2;
                    v = 128;
                    break;
                default:
                    *qmant1_ptr += v;
                    mant1_cnt = 0;
                    v = 128;
                    break;
                }
                break;
            case 2:
                v = sym_quant(c, e, 5);
                switch(mant2_cnt) {
                case 0:
                    qmant2_ptr = &qmant[ch][i];
                    v = 25 * v;
                    mant2_cnt = 1;
                    break;
                case 1:
                    *qmant2_ptr += 5 * v;
                    mant2_cnt = 2;
                    v = 128;
                    break;
                default:
                    *qmant2_ptr += v;
                    mant2_cnt = 0;
                    v = 128;
                    break;
                }
                break;
            case 3:
                v = sym_quant(c, e, 7);
                break;
            case 4:
                v = sym_quant(c, e, 11);
                switch(mant4_cnt) {
                case 0:
                    qmant4_ptr = &qmant[ch][i];
                    v = 11 * v;
                    mant4_cnt = 1;
                    break;
                default:
                    *qmant4_ptr += v;
                    mant4_cnt = 0;
                    v = 128;
                    break;
                }
                break;
            case 5:
                v = sym_quant(c, e, 15);
                break;
            case 14:
                v = asym_quant(c, e, 14);
                break;
            case 15:
                v = asym_quant(c, e, 16);
                break;
            default:
                v = asym_quant(c, e, b - 1);
                break;
            }
            qmant[ch][i] = v;
        }
    }

    /* second pass : output the values */
    for (ch = 0; ch < s->nb_all_channels; ch++) {
        int b, q;

        for(i=0;i<s->nb_coefs[ch];i++) {
            q = qmant[ch][i];
            b = bap[ch][i];
            switch(b) {
            case 0:
                break;
            case 1:
                if (q != 128)
                    put_bits(&s->pb, 5, q);
                break;
            case 2:
                if (q != 128)
                    put_bits(&s->pb, 7, q);
                break;
            case 3:
                put_bits(&s->pb, 3, q);
                break;
            case 4:
                if (q != 128)
                    put_bits(&s->pb, 7, q);
                break;
            case 14:
                put_bits(&s->pb, 14, q);
                break;
            case 15:
                put_bits(&s->pb, 16, q);
                break;
            default:
                put_bits(&s->pb, b - 1, q);
                break;
            }
        }
    }
}

#define CRC16_POLY ((1 << 0) | (1 << 2) | (1 << 15) | (1 << 16))

static unsigned int mul_poly(unsigned int a, unsigned int b, unsigned int poly)
{
    unsigned int c;

    c = 0;
    while (a) {
        if (a & 1)
            c ^= b;
        a = a >> 1;
        b = b << 1;
        if (b & (1 << 16))
            b ^= poly;
    }
    return c;
}

static unsigned int pow_poly(unsigned int a, unsigned int n, unsigned int poly)
{
    unsigned int r;
    r = 1;
    while (n) {
        if (n & 1)
            r = mul_poly(r, a, poly);
        a = mul_poly(a, a, poly);
        n >>= 1;
    }
    return r;
}


/* compute log2(max(abs(tab[]))) */
static int log2_tab(int16_t *tab, int n)
{
    int i, v;

    v = 0;
    for(i=0;i<n;i++) {
        v |= abs(tab[i]);
    }
    return av_log2(v);
}

static void lshift_tab(int16_t *tab, int n, int lshift)
{
    int i;

    if (lshift > 0) {
        for(i=0;i<n;i++) {
            tab[i] <<= lshift;
        }
    } else if (lshift < 0) {
        lshift = -lshift;
        for(i=0;i<n;i++) {
            tab[i] >>= lshift;
        }
    }
}

/* fill the end of the frame and compute the two crcs */
static int output_frame_end(AC3EncodeContext *s)
{
    int frame_size, frame_size_58, n, crc1, crc2, crc_inv;
    uint8_t *frame;

    frame_size = s->frame_size; /* frame size in words */
    /* align to 8 bits */
    flush_put_bits(&s->pb);
    /* add zero bytes to reach the frame size */
    frame = s->pb.buf;
    n = 2 * s->frame_size - (put_bits_ptr(&s->pb) - frame) - 2;
    assert(n >= 0);
    if(n>0)
      memset(put_bits_ptr(&s->pb), 0, n);

    /* Now we must compute both crcs : this is not so easy for crc1
       because it is at the beginning of the data... */
    frame_size_58 = (frame_size >> 1) + (frame_size >> 3);
    crc1 = bswap_16(av_crc(av_crc_get_table(AV_CRC_16_ANSI), 0,
                           frame + 4, 2 * frame_size_58 - 4));
    /* XXX: could precompute crc_inv */
    crc_inv = pow_poly((CRC16_POLY >> 1), (16 * frame_size_58) - 16, CRC16_POLY);
    crc1 = mul_poly(crc_inv, crc1, CRC16_POLY);
    AV_WB16(frame+2,crc1);

    crc2 = bswap_16(av_crc(av_crc_get_table(AV_CRC_16_ANSI), 0,
                           frame + 2 * frame_size_58,
                           (frame_size - frame_size_58) * 2 - 2));
    AV_WB16(frame+2*frame_size-2,crc2);

    //    printf("n=%d frame_size=%d\n", n, frame_size);
    return frame_size * 2;
}

static int AC3_encode_frame(AVCodecContext *avctx,
                            unsigned char *frame, int buf_size, void *data)
{
    AC3EncodeContext *s = avctx->priv_data;
    int16_t *samples = data;
    int i, j, k, v, ch;
    int16_t input_samples[N];
    int32_t mdct_coef[NB_BLOCKS][AC3_MAX_CHANNELS][N/2];
    uint8_t exp[NB_BLOCKS][AC3_MAX_CHANNELS][N/2];
    uint8_t exp_strategy[NB_BLOCKS][AC3_MAX_CHANNELS];
    uint8_t encoded_exp[NB_BLOCKS][AC3_MAX_CHANNELS][N/2];
    uint8_t bap[NB_BLOCKS][AC3_MAX_CHANNELS][N/2];
    int8_t exp_samples[NB_BLOCKS][AC3_MAX_CHANNELS];
    int frame_bits;

    frame_bits = 0;
    for(ch=0;ch<s->nb_all_channels;ch++) {
        int ich = s->channel_map[ch];
        /* fixed mdct to the six sub blocks & exponent computation */
        for(i=0;i<NB_BLOCKS;i++) {
            int16_t *sptr;
            int sinc;

            /* compute input samples */
            memcpy(input_samples, s->last_samples[ich], N/2 * sizeof(int16_t));
            sinc = s->nb_all_channels;
            sptr = samples + (sinc * (N/2) * i) + ich;
            for(j=0;j<N/2;j++) {
                v = *sptr;
                input_samples[j + N/2] = v;
                s->last_samples[ich][j] = v;
                sptr += sinc;
            }

            /* apply the MDCT window */
            for(j=0;j<N/2;j++) {
                input_samples[j] = MUL16(input_samples[j],
                                         ff_ac3_window[j]) >> 15;
                input_samples[N-j-1] = MUL16(input_samples[N-j-1],
                                             ff_ac3_window[j]) >> 15;
            }

            /* Normalize the samples to use the maximum available
               precision */
            v = 14 - log2_tab(input_samples, N);
            if (v < 0)
                v = 0;
            exp_samples[i][ch] = v - 9;
            lshift_tab(input_samples, N, v);

            /* do the MDCT */
            mdct512(mdct_coef[i][ch], input_samples);

            /* compute "exponents". We take into account the
               normalization there */
            for(j=0;j<N/2;j++) {
                int e;
                v = abs(mdct_coef[i][ch][j]);
                if (v == 0)
                    e = 24;
                else {
                    e = 23 - av_log2(v) + exp_samples[i][ch];
                    if (e >= 24) {
                        e = 24;
                        mdct_coef[i][ch][j] = 0;
                    }
                }
                exp[i][ch][j] = e;
            }
        }

        compute_exp_strategy(exp_strategy, exp, ch, ch == s->lfe_channel);

        /* compute the exponents as the decoder will see them. The
           EXP_REUSE case must be handled carefully : we select the
           min of the exponents */
        i = 0;
        while (i < NB_BLOCKS) {
            j = i + 1;
            while (j < NB_BLOCKS && exp_strategy[j][ch] == EXP_REUSE) {
                exponent_min(exp[i][ch], exp[j][ch], s->nb_coefs[ch]);
                j++;
            }
            frame_bits += encode_exp(encoded_exp[i][ch],
                                     exp[i][ch], s->nb_coefs[ch],
                                     exp_strategy[i][ch]);
            /* copy encoded exponents for reuse case */
            for(k=i+1;k<j;k++) {
                memcpy(encoded_exp[k][ch], encoded_exp[i][ch],
                       s->nb_coefs[ch] * sizeof(uint8_t));
            }
            i = j;
        }
    }

    /* adjust for fractional frame sizes */
    while(s->bits_written >= s->bit_rate && s->samples_written >= s->sample_rate) {
        s->bits_written -= s->bit_rate;
        s->samples_written -= s->sample_rate;
    }
    s->frame_size = s->frame_size_min + (s->bits_written * s->sample_rate < s->samples_written * s->bit_rate);
    s->bits_written += s->frame_size * 16;
    s->samples_written += AC3_FRAME_SIZE;

    compute_bit_allocation(s, bap, encoded_exp, exp_strategy, frame_bits);
    /* everything is known... let's output the frame */
    output_frame_header(s, frame);

    for(i=0;i<NB_BLOCKS;i++) {
        output_audio_block(s, exp_strategy[i], encoded_exp[i],
                           bap[i], mdct_coef[i], exp_samples[i], i);
    }
    return output_frame_end(s);
}

static av_cold int AC3_encode_close(AVCodecContext *avctx)
{
    av_freep(&avctx->coded_frame);
    return 0;
}

#if 0
/*************************************************************************/
/* TEST */

#undef random
#define FN (N/4)

void fft_test(void)
{
    IComplex in[FN], in1[FN];
    int k, n, i;
    float sum_re, sum_im, a;

    /* FFT test */

    for(i=0;i<FN;i++) {
        in[i].re = random() % 65535 - 32767;
        in[i].im = random() % 65535 - 32767;
        in1[i] = in[i];
    }
    fft(in, 7);

    /* do it by hand */
    for(k=0;k<FN;k++) {
        sum_re = 0;
        sum_im = 0;
        for(n=0;n<FN;n++) {
            a = -2 * M_PI * (n * k) / FN;
            sum_re += in1[n].re * cos(a) - in1[n].im * sin(a);
            sum_im += in1[n].re * sin(a) + in1[n].im * cos(a);
        }
        printf("%3d: %6d,%6d %6.0f,%6.0f\n",
               k, in[k].re, in[k].im, sum_re / FN, sum_im / FN);
    }
}

void mdct_test(void)
{
    int16_t input[N];
    int32_t output[N/2];
    float input1[N];
    float output1[N/2];
    float s, a, err, e, emax;
    int i, k, n;

    for(i=0;i<N;i++) {
        input[i] = (random() % 65535 - 32767) * 9 / 10;
        input1[i] = input[i];
    }

    mdct512(output, input);

    /* do it by hand */
    for(k=0;k<N/2;k++) {
        s = 0;
        for(n=0;n<N;n++) {
            a = (2*M_PI*(2*n+1+N/2)*(2*k+1) / (4 * N));
            s += input1[n] * cos(a);
        }
        output1[k] = -2 * s / N;
    }

    err = 0;
    emax = 0;
    for(i=0;i<N/2;i++) {
        printf("%3d: %7d %7.0f\n", i, output[i], output1[i]);
        e = output[i] - output1[i];
        if (e > emax)
            emax = e;
        err += e * e;
    }
    printf("err2=%f emax=%f\n", err / (N/2), emax);
}

void test_ac3(void)
{
    AC3EncodeContext ctx;
    unsigned char frame[AC3_MAX_CODED_FRAME_SIZE];
    short samples[AC3_FRAME_SIZE];
    int ret, i;

    AC3_encode_init(&ctx, 44100, 64000, 1);

    fft_test();
    mdct_test();

    for(i=0;i<AC3_FRAME_SIZE;i++)
        samples[i] = (int)(sin(2*M_PI*i*1000.0/44100) * 10000);
    ret = AC3_encode_frame(&ctx, frame, samples);
    printf("ret=%d\n", ret);
}
#endif

AVCodec ac3_encoder = {
    "ac3",
    CODEC_TYPE_AUDIO,
    CODEC_ID_AC3,
    sizeof(AC3EncodeContext),
    AC3_encode_init,
    AC3_encode_frame,
    AC3_encode_close,
    NULL,
    .sample_fmts = (const enum SampleFormat[]){SAMPLE_FMT_S16,SAMPLE_FMT_NONE},
    .long_name = NULL_IF_CONFIG_SMALL("ATSC A/52A (AC-3)"),
    .channel_layouts = (const int64_t[]){
        CH_LAYOUT_MONO,
        CH_LAYOUT_STEREO,
        CH_LAYOUT_2_1,
        CH_LAYOUT_SURROUND,
        CH_LAYOUT_2_2,
        CH_LAYOUT_QUAD,
        CH_LAYOUT_4POINT0,
        CH_LAYOUT_5POINT0,
        CH_LAYOUT_5POINT0_BACK,
       (CH_LAYOUT_MONO     | CH_LOW_FREQUENCY),
       (CH_LAYOUT_STEREO   | CH_LOW_FREQUENCY),
       (CH_LAYOUT_2_1      | CH_LOW_FREQUENCY),
       (CH_LAYOUT_SURROUND | CH_LOW_FREQUENCY),
       (CH_LAYOUT_2_2      | CH_LOW_FREQUENCY),
       (CH_LAYOUT_QUAD     | CH_LOW_FREQUENCY),
       (CH_LAYOUT_4POINT0  | CH_LOW_FREQUENCY),
        CH_LAYOUT_5POINT1,
        CH_LAYOUT_5POINT1_BACK,
        0 },
};