annotate DOCS/xml/en/codecs.xml @ 27742:2abac297b873

misc updates for the Xvid, x264 and AAC sections

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- $Revision$ -->
<chapter id="codecs">
<title>Codecs</title>

<sect1 id="video-codecs">
<title>Video codecs</title>

<para>
The <ulink url="../../codecs-status.html">codec status table</ulink> is a
complete list of all supported codecs, regenerated daily.
Some binary codecs for use with MPlayer are available in the
<ulink url="http://www.mplayerhq.hu/design7/dload.html#binary_codecs">download section</ulink>
of our homepage.
</para>

<para>
If you have a Win32 codec which is not supported yet,
please read the <link linkend="codec-importing">codec importing HOWTO</link>
and help us add support for it.
</para>

<!-- ********** -->

<sect2 id="ffmpeg" xreflabel="FFmpeg/libavcodec">
<title>FFmpeg/libavcodec</title>

<para>
<ulink url="http://ffmpeg.org">FFmpeg</ulink> contains
<systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem>, the leading
open source video and audio codec library. It is capable
of decoding most multimedia formats, usually at higher speeds
than the alternatives, and aims to add support for
the rest of them eventually. It is the default decoder for
the majority of codecs that <application>MPlayer</application>
supports. Encoding is also possible for some formats and
supported in <application>MEncoder</application>.
</para>

<para>
For a complete list of supported 
<ulink url="http://ffmpeg.mplayerhq.hu/general.html#SEC6">video</ulink>
and <ulink url="http://ffmpeg.mplayerhq.hu/general.html#SEC7">audio</ulink>
codecs please visit the FFmpeg homepage.
</para>

<para>
<application>MPlayer</application> contains
<systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem>.
Just run <filename>./configure</filename> and compile.
</para>
</sect2>

<!-- ********** -->

<sect2 id="xvid">
<title>Xvid</title>

<para>
<ulink url="http://www.xvid.org">Xvid</ulink> is a free software MPEG-4 ASP
compliant video codec. Note that Xvid is not necessary to decode Xvid-encoded
video. <systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem> is used by
default as it offers better speed.
</para>

<procedure>
<title>Installing <systemitem class="library">Xvid</systemitem></title>
<para>
  Like most open source software, it is available in two flavors:
  <ulink url="http://www.xvid.org/downloads.html">official releases</ulink>
  and the CVS version.
  The CVS version is usually stable enough to use, as most of the time it
  features fixes for bugs that exist in releases.
  Here is what to do to make <systemitem class="library">Xvid</systemitem>
  CVS work with <application>MEncoder</application> (you need at least
  <application>autoconf</application> 2.50,
  <application>automake</application> and <application>libtool</application>):
</para>
<step><para>
  <screen>cvs -z3 -d:pserver:[e-mail]:/xvid login</screen>
</para></step>
<step><para>
  <screen>cvs -z3 -d:pserver:[e-mail]:/xvid co xvidcore</screen>
</para></step>
<step><para>
  <screen>cd xvidcore/build/generic</screen>
</para></step>
<step><para>
  <screen>./bootstrap.sh</screen>
</para></step>
<step><para>
  <screen>./configure</screen>
  You may have to add some options (examine the output of
  <command>./configure --help</command>).
</para></step>
<step><para>
  <screen>make &amp;&amp; make install</screen>
</para></step>
<step><para>
  If you specified <option>--enable-divxcompat</option>,
  copy <filename>../../src/divx4.h</filename> to
  <filename class="directory">/usr/local/include/</filename>.
</para></step>
<step><para>
  Recompile <application>MPlayer</application>.
</para></step>
</procedure>
</sect2>

<!-- ********** -->

<sect2 id="codec-x264">
<title><systemitem class="library">x264</systemitem></title>

<para>
<ulink url="http://developers.videolan.org/x264.html"><systemitem class="library">x264</systemitem></ulink>
is a library for creating H.264 video.
<application>MPlayer</application> sources are updated whenever
an <systemitem class="library">x264</systemitem> API change
occurs, so it is always suggested to use
<application>MPlayer</application> from Subversion.
</para>

<para>
If you have a GIT client installed, the latest x264
sources can be gotten with this command:
<screen>git clone git://git.videolan.org/x264.git</screen>

Then build and install in the standard way:
<screen>./configure &amp;&amp; make &amp;&amp; make install</screen>

Now rerun <filename>./configure</filename> for
<application>MPlayer</application> to pick up
<systemitem class="library">x264</systemitem> support.
</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>


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<sect1 id="audio-codecs">
<title>Audio codecs</title>


<sect2 id="swac3">
<title>Software AC-3 decoding</title>

<para>
This is the default decoder used for files with AC-3 audio.
</para>

<para>
The AC-3 decoder can create audio output mixes for 2, 4, or 6 speakers.
When configured for 6 speakers, this decoder provides separate output of
all the AC-3 channels to the sound driver, allowing for full "surround
sound" experience without the external AC-3 decoder required to use the
hwac3 codec.
</para>

<para>
Use the <option>-channels</option> option to select the number of output
channels.  Use <option>-channels 2</option> for a stereo downmix.  For a 4
channel downmix (Left Front, Right Front, Left Surround and Right Surround
outputs), use <option>-channels 4</option>.  In this case, any center
channel will be mixed equally to the front channels.
<option>-channels 6</option> will output all the AC-3 channels as they are
encoded - in the order Left, Right, Left Surround, Right Surround, Center and
LFE.
</para>

<para>
The default number of output channels is 2.
</para>

<para>
To use more than 2 output channels, you will need to use OSS, and have a
sound card that supports the appropriate number of output channels via the
SNDCTL_DSP_CHANNELS ioctl.  An example of a suitable driver is emu10k1
(used by Soundblaster Live! cards) from August 2001 or newer (ALSA CVS is
also supposed to work).
</para>
</sect2>

<!-- ********** -->

<sect2 id="hwac3">
<title>Hardware AC-3 decoding</title>

<para>
You need an AC-3 capable sound card, with digital out (S/PDIF). The card's
driver must properly support the AFMT_AC3 format (C-Media does).  Connect
your AC-3 decoder to the S/PDIF output, and use the <option>-ac
hwac3</option> option. It is experimental but known to work with C-Media
cards and Soundblaster Live! + ALSA (but not OSS) drivers and DXR3/Hollywood+
MPEG decoder cards.
</para>
</sect2>

<!-- ********** -->

<sect2 id="libmad">
<title><systemitem class="library">libmad</systemitem> support</title>

<para>
<ulink url="http://www.underbit.com/products/mad/"><systemitem class="library">libmad</systemitem></ulink>
is a multiplatform, integer (internally 24bit PCM) only
MPEG audio decoding library. It does not handle broken files well, and it
sometimes has problems with seeking, but it may perform better on FPU-less
(such as <link linkend="arm">ARM</link>)
platform than <systemitem class="library">mp3lib</systemitem>.
</para>

<para>
If you have a proper installation of
<systemitem class="library">libmad</systemitem>,
<filename>./configure</filename> will notice and support for MPEG audio
decoding via <systemitem class="library">libmad</systemitem> will be built
automatically.
</para>
</sect2>

<!-- ********** -->

<sect2 id="hwmpa">
<title>Hardware MPEG audio codec</title>

<para>
This codec (selected by <option>-ac hwmpa</option>) passes through MPEG audio
packets to hardware decoders, such as the ones found in full-featured DVB cards 
and DXR2 adapters.
Don't use it in combination with any other audio output device
(such as OSS and ALSA) that isn't able to decode it (you will hear
only white noise).
</para>
</sect2>

<!-- ********** -->

<sect2 id="aac">
<title>AAC codec</title>

<para>
An open source AAC decoder called FAAD2 is available from
<ulink url="http://www.audiocoding.com/downloads.html"/>.
<application>MPlayer</application> includes a copy of it in its source tree.
If you want to use the external library instead, install it and pass
<option>--enable-faad-external</option> to <filename>./configure</filename>.
</para>

<para>
FAAD2 binaries are not available from audiocoding.com, but you can (apt-)get
Debian packages from
<ulink url="http://www.debian-multimedia.org/">Christian Marillat</ulink>,
Mandrake/Mandriva RPMs from the <ulink url="http://plf.zarb.org">P.L.F</ulink>
and Fedora RPMs from <ulink url="http://rpm.livna.org/">Livna</ulink>.
</para>
<para>
If you choose to build from source, you do not need all of FAAD2 to decode
AAC files, libfaad is enough. Build it like this:
<screen>
cd faad2/
sh bootstrap
./configure
cd libfaad
make
make install
</screen>
</para>
</sect2>

<!-- ********** -->

<sect2 id="amr">
<title>AMR codecs</title>

<para>
Adaptive Multi-Rate speech codec is used in third generation (3G) mobile
phones.
Reference implementation is available from
<ulink url="http://www.3gpp.org">The 3rd Generation Partnership Project</ulink>
(free for private use).
To enable support, download and install support libraries for
<ulink url="http://www.penguin.cz/~utx/amr">AMR-NB and AMR-WB</ulink>
following the instructions on that page. Recompile MPlayer afterwards.
</para>
</sect2>

</sect1>


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<sect1 id="codec-importing">
<title>Win32 codecs importing HOWTO</title>

<!-- TODO: a short paragraph of text would be nice here... -->

<sect2 id="vfw-codecs">
<title>VFW codecs</title>

<para>
VFW (Video for Windows) is the old Video API for Windows. Its codecs have
the <filename>.DLL</filename> or (rarely) <filename>.DRV</filename>
extension.  If <application>MPlayer</application> fails at playing your AVI
with this kind of message:
<screen>UNKNOWN video codec: HFYU (0x55594648)</screen>
It means your AVI is encoded with a codec which has the HFYU fourcc (HFYU =
HuffYUV codec, DIV3 = DivX Low Motion, etc.). Now that you know this, you
have to find out which DLL Windows loads in order to play this file. In our
case, the <filename>system.ini</filename> contains this information in a
line that reads:
<programlisting>VIDC.HFYU=huffyuv.dll</programlisting>
</para>

<para>
So you need the <filename>huffyuv.dll</filename> file. Note that the audio
codecs are specified by the MSACM prefix:
<programlisting>msacm.l3acm=L3codeca.acm</programlisting>
</para>

<para>
This is the MP3 codec.  Now that you have all the necessary information
(fourcc, codec file, sample AVI), submit your codec support request by
mail, and upload these files to the FTP site:
<systemitem role="url">ftp://upload.mplayerhq.hu/MPlayer/incoming/<replaceable>&lt;codecname&gt;</replaceable>/</systemitem>
</para>

<note><para>
On Windows NT/2000/XP search for this info in the registry,
e.g. search for "VIDC.HFYU". To find out how to do this, look at
the old DirectShow method below.
</para></note>
</sect2>

<!-- ********** -->

<sect2 id="dshow-codecs">
<title>DirectShow codecs</title>

<para>
DirectShow is the newer Video API, which is even worse than its predecessor.
Things are harder with DirectShow, since
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>
  <filename>system.ini</filename> does not contain the needed information,
  instead it is stored in the registry and
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>
  we need the GUID of the codec.
</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>

<procedure>
<title>New Method:</title>
<para>
Using <application>Microsoft GraphEdit</application> (fast)
</para>
<step><para>
  Get <application>GraphEdit</application> from either DirectX SDK or
  <ulink url="http://doom9.net">doom9</ulink>.
</para></step>
<step><para>
  Start <command>graphedit.exe</command>.
</para></step>
<step><para>
  From the menu select
  <menuchoice><guimenu>Graph</guimenu>
  <guisubmenu>Insert Filters</guisubmenu></menuchoice>.
</para></step>
<step><para>
  Expand item <systemitem>DirectShow Filters</systemitem>.
</para></step>
<step><para>
  Select the right codec name and expand item.
</para></step>
<step><para>
  In the entry <systemitem>DisplayName</systemitem> look at the text in
  winged brackets after the backslash and write it down (five dash-delimited
  blocks, the GUID).
</para></step>
<step><para>
  The codec binary is the file specified in the
  <systemitem>Filename</systemitem> entry.
</para></step>
</procedure>

<note><para>
If there is no <systemitem>Filename</systemitem> and
<systemitem>DisplayName</systemitem> contains something like
<systemitem>device:dmo</systemitem>, then it is a DMO-Codec.
</para></note>

<procedure>
<title>Old Method:</title>
<para>
Take a deep breath and start searching the registry...
</para>
<step><para>
  Start <command>regedit</command>.
</para></step>
<step><para>
  Press <keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>F</keycap></keycombo>, disable
  the first two checkboxes, and enable the third. Type in the fourcc of the
  codec (e.g. <userinput>TM20</userinput>).
</para></step>
<step><para>
  You should see a field which contains the path and the filename (e.g.
  <filename>C:\WINDOWS\SYSTEM\TM20DEC.AX</filename>).
</para></step>
<step><para>
  Now that you have the file, we need the GUID. Try searching again, but
  now search for the codec's name, not the fourcc. Its name can be acquired
  when Media Player is playing the file, by checking
  <menuchoice><guimenu>File</guimenu> <guisubmenu>Properties</guisubmenu>
  <guimenuitem>Advanced</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.
  If not, you are out of luck. Try guessing (e.g. search for TrueMotion).
</para></step>
<step><para>
  If the GUID is found you should see a <guilabel>FriendlyName</guilabel>
  and a <guilabel>CLSID</guilabel> field. Write down the 16 byte CLSID,
  this is the GUID we need.
</para></step>
</procedure>

<note><para>
If searching fails, try enabling all the checkboxes. You may have
false hits, but you may get lucky...
</para></note>

<para>
Now that you have all the necessary information (fourcc, GUID, codec file,
sample AVI), submit your codec support request by mail, and upload these files
to the FTP site:
<systemitem role="url">ftp://upload.mplayerhq.hu/MPlayer/incoming/<replaceable>&lt;codecname&gt;</replaceable>/</systemitem>
</para>

<para>
If you want to add a codec yourself, read
<ulink url="http://www.mplayerhq.hu/MPlayer/DOCS/tech/codecs.conf.txt">DOCS/tech/codecs.conf.txt</ulink>.
</para>

</sect2>
</sect1>

</chapter>