annotate DOCS/xml/de/bugreports.xml @ 22125:49e60723af41

synced with r22104
author gpoirier
date Mon, 05 Feb 2007 13:14:41 +0000
parents 870ec7f3aeb4
children 156068fd461b
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1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
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2 <!-- in sync with r19715 -->
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3
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4 <appendix id="bugreports">
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5 <title>Wie Fehler (Bugs) berichtet werden</title>
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6 <para>
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7 Gute Fehlerberichte sind ein sehr wertvoller Beitrag zur Entwicklung jedes
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8 Softwareprojekts. Aber genau wie das Schreiben guter Software erfordert das
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9 Anfertigen von Problemberichten etwas Arbeit. Bitte sei dir darüber im
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10 klaren, dass die meisten Entwickler sehr beschäftigt sind und eine unverschämt
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11 hohe Anzahl Mails bekommen. Verstehe daher, dass wir dir, obwohl dein Feedback für die
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12 Verbesserung von <application>MPlayer</application> sehr wichtig ist und geschätzt
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13 wird, <emphasis role="bold">alle</emphasis> Informationen, die wir fordern, zur
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14 Verfügung stellen und dass du die Anweisungen dieses Dokuments strikt befolgen musst.
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15 </para>
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16
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17 <sect1 id="bugreports_security">
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18 <title>Berichte sicherheitsrelevante Fehler</title>
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19 <para>
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20 Falls du einen Exploit-fähigen Fehler gefunden hast und gern das richtige tun
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21 möchtest und uns diesen beseitigen lässt, bevor du ihn veröffentlichst, würden wir uns
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22 freuen, deinen Rat zur Sicherheit unter
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23 <ulink url="mailto:&#115;&#101;&#99;&#117;&#114;&#105;&#116;&#121;&#64;&#109;&#112;&#108;&#97;&#121;&#101;&#114;&#104;&#113;&#46;&#104;&#117;">&#115;&#101;&#99;&#117;&#114;&#105;&#116;&#121;&#64;&#109;&#112;&#108;&#97;&#121;&#101;&#114;&#104;&#113;&#46;&#104;&#117;</ulink>
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24 zu erhalten.
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25 Füge dem Betreff bitte [SECURITY] oder [ADVISORY] hinzu.
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26 Stelle bitte sicher, dass dein Bericht eine vollständige und detaillierte Analyse des Fehlers enthält.
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27 Die Einsendung einer Lösung nehmen wir sehr gerne dankend an.
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28 Bitte zögere deinen Bericht nicht hinaus, um einen Proof-of-concept-Exploit zu schreiben, den
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29 kannst du in einer weiteren Mail schicken.
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30 </para>
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31 </sect1>
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32
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33 <sect1 id="bugreports_fix">
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34 <title>Wie Fehler beseitigt werden</title>
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35 <para>
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36 Wenn du das Gefühl hast, dass du die nötigen Kenntnisse hast, bist du dazu eingeladen,
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37 dich selbst an der Lösung des Fehlers zu versuchen. Vielleicht hast du das schon?
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38 Bitte lies
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39 <ulink url="../../tech/patches.txt">dieses kurze Dokument</ulink>, um herauszufinden,
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40 wie dein Code Teil von <application>MPlayer</application> werden kann. Die Leute der
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41 Mailing-Liste
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42 <ulink url="http://lists.mplayerhq.hu/mailman/listinfo/mplayer-dev-eng">MPlayer-dev-eng</ulink>
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43 werden dir zur Seite stehen, wenn du Fragen hast.
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44 </para>
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45 </sect1>
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46
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47 <sect1 id="bugreports_regression_test">
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48 <title>Wie Regressionstests mit Subversion durchgeführt werden</title>
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49 <para>
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50 Ein Problem, das manchmal auftreten kann ist &quot;es hat vorher funktioniert, jetzt
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51 tut es das nicht mehr...&quot;.
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52 Hier eine Schritt-für-Schritt-Verfahren, um herauszufinden, wann das Problem
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53 aufgetreten ist. Dies ist <emphasis role="bold">nichts</emphasis> für Gelegenheitsanwender.
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54 </para>
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55 <para>
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56 Zuerst musst du dir MPlayers Sourcenverzeichnis aus dem Subversion-Repository besorgen.
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57 Eine Anleitung hierzu kann unten auf
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58 <ulink url="http://www.mplayerhq.hu/dload.html">dieser Seite</ulink>
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59 gefunden werden.
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60 </para>
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61 <para>
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62 Du wirst dann im mplayer/-Verzeichnis ein Abbild des Subversion-Baums auf der Client-Seite
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63 haben.
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64 Führe jetzt ein Update für dieses Abbild auf das von dir gewünschte Datum durch:
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65 <screen>cd mplayer/
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66 svn update -r {"2004-08-23"}</screen>
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67 Das Datumsformat ist YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS.
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68 Die Benutzung des Datumsformats stellt sicher, dass du in der Lage sein wirst,
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69 Patches anhand des Datums, an dem sie eingespielt wurden, extrahieren kannst, wie im
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70 <ulink url="http://mplayerhq.hu/pipermail/mplayer-cvslog/">MPlayer-cvslog-Archiv</ulink>.
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71 </para>
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72 <para>
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73 Gehe nun wie bei einem normalen Update vor:
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74 <screen>./configure
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75 make</screen>
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76 </para>
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77 <para>
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78 Falls ein Nicht-Programmierer dies liest: Der schnellste Weg, zu dem Punkt zu
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79 gelangen, bei dem das Problem auftrat ist eine Binärsuche - das bedeutet:
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80 Suche das Datum der Bruchstelle, indem du das Suchintervall wiederholt halbierst.
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81 Zum Beispiel, wenn das Problem 2003 auftrat, starte in der Mitte des Jahres und
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82 frage "Ist das Problem schon da?".
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83 Wenn ja, gehe zurück zum 1. April; wenn nicht, gehe zum 1. Oktober und so weiter.
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84 </para>
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85 <para>
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86 Wenn du viel Festplattenspeicher frei hast (eine vollständige Compilierung
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87 benötigt momentan 100 MB, und ungefähr 300-350 MB, wenn Debugging-Symbole mit
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88 dabei sind), kopiere vor einem Update die älteste Version, von der bekannt ist,
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89 dass sie funktioniert; das spart Zeit, wenn du zurückgehen musst.
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90 (Es ist normalerweise nicht nötig, 'make distclean' vor einer erneuten Compilierung
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91 einer früheren Version auszuführen. Wenn du also keine Backup-Kopie deines
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92 Original-Sourcebaums machst, wirst du alles neu compilieren müssen, wenn du beim
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93 gegenwärtigen wieder angekommen bist.)
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94 </para>
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95 <para>
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96 Wenn du den Tag gefunden hast, an dem das Problem auftrat, fahre mit der Suche mit
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97 dem mplayer-cvslog-Archiv (sortiert nach Datum) und einem genaueren svn update,
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98 welches Stunde, Minute und Sekunde beinhaltet, fort:
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99 <screen>svn update -r {"2004-08-23 15:17:25"}</screen>
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100 Dies wird es dir leicht machen, exakt den verursachenden Patch zu finden.
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101 </para>
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102 <para>
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103 Hast du den Patch gefunden, der Ursache des Problems ist, hast du fast gewonnen;
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104 Berichte darüber im
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105 <ulink url="http://bugzilla.mplayerhq.hu/">MPlayer Bugzilla</ulink>-System oder melde
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106 dich bei
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107 <ulink url="http://lists.mplayerhq.hu/mailman/listinfo/mplayer-users">MPlayer-Users</ulink>
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108 an und mach es dort bekannt.
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109 Es besteht die Chance, dass der Autor einspringt und eine Lösung vorschlägt.
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110 Du kannst auch solange einen genauen Blick auf den Patch werfen, bis er genötigt ist,
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111 zu offenbaren, wo der Fehler steckt :-).
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112 </para>
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113 </sect1>
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114
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115 <sect1 id="bugreports_report">
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116 <title>Wie Fehler berichtet werden</title>
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117 <para>
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118 Probiere vor allem zu allererst die letzte Subversion-Version von <application>MPlayer</application>,
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119 da dein Problem dort möglicherweise schon behoben ist. Die Entwicklung geht extrem schnell
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120 voran, die meisten Probleme in offiziellen Versionen werden innerhalb von Tagen oder sogar
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121 Stunden den Entwicklern mitgeteilt. Benutze daher bitte <emphasis role="bold">nur
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122 Subversion</emphasis> beim Berichten von Fehlern. Dies gilt auch für Binärpakete von
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123 <application>MPlayer</application>. Subversion-Anweisungen findest du am unteren Ende
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124 <ulink url="http://www.mplayerhq.hu/dload.html">dieser Seite</ulink> oder in der README.
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125 Wenn dies nicht hilft, ziehe die Liste <link linkend="bugs">bekannter Fehler</link> und den
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126 Rest der Dokumentation zu Rate. Ist dein Problem nicht bekannt oder kann es durch unsere
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127 Anweisungen nicht gelöst werden, dann teil uns den Fehler mit.
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128 </para>
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129
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130 <para>
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131 Sende bitte keine Fehlerberichte privat an einzelne Entwickler. MPlayer ist
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132 Gemeinschaftsarbeit, also wird es vielleicht mehrere interessierte Leute geben. Es
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133 kommt auch teilweise vor, dass derselbe Fehler von anderen Benutzern gefunden wurde,
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134 die bereits eine Lösung zur Umgehung des Problems haben, auch wenn es sich um einen
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135 Fehler im <application>MPlayer</application>-Code handelt.
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136 </para>
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137
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138 <para>
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139 Bitte beschreibe dein Problem so detailliert wie möglich. Dazu gehört ein klein
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140 wenig Detektivarbeit, um die Umstände einzuengen, unter denen das Problem auftritt.
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141 Tritt der Fehler nur in bestimmten Situationen auf? Ist er abhängig von Dateien oder
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142 Dateitypen? Tritt er nur bei einem Codec auf oder ist er davon unabhängig? Kannst
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143 du den Fehler mit allen Ausgabetreibern reproduzieren? Je mehr Informationen du zur
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144 Verfügung stellst, desto besser sind die Chancen, dass das Problem gelöst wird.
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145 Bitte vergiss nicht, auch die unten angeforderten wertvollen Informationen miteinzubeziehen.
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146 Ansonsten sind wir vermutlich nicht in der Lage, das Problem genau zu untersuchen.
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147 </para>
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148
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149 <para>
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150 Eine exzellente und gut geschriebene Anleitung dazu, wie Fragen in öffentlichen Foren
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151 gestellt werden sollen, ist
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152 <ulink url="http://www.catb.org/~esr/faqs/smart-questions.html">How To Ask Questions
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153 The Smart Way</ulink> von <ulink url="http://www.catb.org/~esr/">Eric S. Raymond</ulink>.
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154 Es gibt noch einen namens
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155 <ulink url="http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/bugs.html">How to Report Bugs Effectively</ulink>
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156 von
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157 <ulink url="http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/">Simon Tatham</ulink>.
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158 Befolgst du diese Richtlinien, solltest du Hilfe bekommen können. Bitte hab aber Verständnis,
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159 dass wir alle den Mailinglisten freiwillig in unserer Freizeit folgen. Wir sind sehr
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160 beschäftigt und können nicht garantieren, dass du eine Lösung oder auch nur eine Antwort zu
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161 deinem Problem erhältst.
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162 </para>
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163 </sect1>
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164
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165 <sect1 id="bugreports_where">
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166 <title>Wo Fehler berichtet werden sollen</title>
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167 <para>
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168 Melde dich bei der Mailingliste MPlayer-users an:
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169 <ulink url="http://lists.mplayerhq.hu/mailman/listinfo/mplayer-users"/>
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170 und sende deinen Fehlerbericht an
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171 <ulink url="mailto:mplayer-users@mplayerhq.hu"/>, wo dieser diskutiert werden kann.
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172 </para>
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173 <para>
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174 Wenn du es bevorzugst, kannst du statt dessen auch unseren brandneuen
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175 <ulink url="http://bugzilla.mplayerhq.hu/">Bugzilla</ulink> verwenden.
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176 </para>
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177 <para>
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178 Die Sprache der Liste ist <emphasis role="bold">Englisch</emphasis>. Bitte
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179 befolge die Standard-
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180 <ulink url="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1855.txt">Netiquette-Richtlinien</ulink>
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181 und <emphasis role="bold">sende keine HTML-Mails</emphasis> an eine unserer
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182 Mailinglisten. Du wirst ignoriert oder ausgeschlossen werden. Wenn du nicht
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183 weißt, was eine HTML-Mail ist oder warum sie böse ist, lies dieses
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184 <ulink url="http://expita.com/nomime.html">feine Dokument</ulink>. Es erklärt
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185 alle Details und beinhaltet Instruktionen, wie man HTML abschalten kann. Beachte
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186 auch, dass wir keine Kopien (CC, carbon-copy) verschicken. Es ist daher eine
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187 gute Sache, sich anzumelden, um auch wirklich eine Antwort zu erhalten.
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188 </para>
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189 </sect1>
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190
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191 <sect1 id="bugreports_what">
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192 <title>Was berichtet werden soll</title>
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193 <para>
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194 Du wirst wahrscheinlich Logdateien, Konfigurationsinformationen und Beispieldateien
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195 in deinen Fehlerbericht aufnehmen müssen. Werden einige von ihnen ziemlich groß,
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196 ist es besser, wenn du sie auf unseren
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197 <ulink url="ftp://upload.mplayerhq.hu/MPlayer/incoming/">FTP-Server</ulink>
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198 hochlädst, und zwar in komprimierter Form (gzip und bzip2 bevorzugt). Gib dann in deinem
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199 Fehlerbericht nur den Pfad- und den Dateinamen an. Unsere Mailinglisten haben ein
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200 Nachrichten-Größenlimit von 80k, wenn du etwas größeres hast, musst du es
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201 komprimieren und hochladen.
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202 </para>
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203
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204 <sect2 id="bugreports_system">
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205 <title>Systeminformationen</title>
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206 <para>
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207 <itemizedlist>
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208 <listitem>
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209 <para>
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210 Deine Linuxdistribution, Betriebssystem und Version, z.B.:
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211 <itemizedlist>
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212 <listitem>
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213 <para>Red Hat 7.1</para>
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214 </listitem>
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215 <listitem>
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216 <para>Slackware 7.0 + Entwicklerpakete von 7.1 ...</para>
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217 </listitem>
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218 </itemizedlist>
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219 </para>
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220 </listitem>
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221 <listitem>
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222 <para>
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223 Kernelversion:
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224 <screen>uname -a</screen>
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225 </para>
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226 </listitem>
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227 <listitem>
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228 <para>
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229 libc-Version:
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230 <screen>ls -l /lib/libc[.-]*</screen>
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231 </para>
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232 </listitem>
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233 <listitem>
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234 <para>
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235 gcc- und ld-Versionen:
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236 <screen>gcc -v
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237 ld -v</screen>
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238 </para>
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239 </listitem>
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240 <listitem>
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241 <para>
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242 binutils-Version:
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243 <screen>as --version</screen>
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244 </para>
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245 </listitem>
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246 <listitem>
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247 <para>
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248 Wenn du Probleme mit dem Vollbildmodus hast:
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249 <itemizedlist>
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250 <listitem>
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251 <para>Window-Manager-Typ und Version</para>
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252 </listitem>
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253 </itemizedlist>
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254 </para>
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255 </listitem>
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256 <listitem>
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257 <para>
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258 Wenn du Probleme mit XVIDIX hast:
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259 <itemizedlist>
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260 <listitem>
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261 <para>Farbtiefe von X:
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262 <screen>xdpyinfo | grep &quot;depth of root&quot;</screen>
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263 </para>
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264 </listitem>
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265 </itemizedlist>
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266 </para>
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267 </listitem>
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268 <listitem>
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269 <para>
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270 Wenn nur die GUI fehlerhaft ist:
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271 <itemizedlist>
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272 <listitem><para>GTK-Version</para></listitem>
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273 <listitem><para>GLIB-Version</para></listitem>
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274 <listitem><para>libpng-Version</para></listitem>
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275 <listitem><para>GUI-Situation, in welcher der Fehler auftritt</para></listitem>
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276 </itemizedlist>
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277 </para>
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278 </listitem>
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279 </itemizedlist>
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280 </para>
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281 </sect2>
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282
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283 <sect2 id="bugreports_hardware">
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284 <title>Hardware und Treiber</title>
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285 <para>
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286 <itemizedlist>
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287 <listitem>
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288 <para>
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289 CPU-Info (funktioniert nur unter Linux):
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290 <screen>cat /proc/cpuinfo</screen>
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291 </para>
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292 </listitem>
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293 <listitem>
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294 <para>
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295 Videokartenhersteller und -modell, z.B.:
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296 <itemizedlist>
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297 <listitem><para>ASUS V3800U chip: nVidia TNT2 Ultra pro 32MB SDRAM</para></listitem>
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298 <listitem><para>Matrox G400 DH 32MB SGRAM</para></listitem>
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299 </itemizedlist>
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300 </para>
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301 </listitem>
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302 <listitem>
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303 <para>
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304 Videotreibertyp und -version, .z.B.:
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305 <itemizedlist>
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306 <listitem><para>eingebauter Treiber von X</para></listitem>
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307 <listitem><para>nVidia 0.9.623</para></listitem>
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308 <listitem><para>Utah-GLX CVS 2001-02-17</para></listitem>
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309 <listitem><para>DRI von X 4.0.3</para></listitem>
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310 </itemizedlist>
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311 </para>
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312 </listitem>
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313 <listitem>
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314 <para>
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315 Soundkartentyp und -treiber, z.B.:
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316 <itemizedlist>
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317 <listitem><para>Creative SBLive! Gold mit OSS-Treiber von oss.creative.com</para></listitem>
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318 <listitem><para>Creative SB16 mit Kernel-OSS-Treibern</para></listitem>
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319 <listitem><para>GUS PnP mit OSS-Emulation von ALSA</para></listitem>
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320 </itemizedlist>
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321 </para>
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322 </listitem>
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323 <listitem>
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324 <para>
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325 Füge bei Linuxsystemen im Zweifel die Ausgabe von <command>lspci -vv</command> bei.
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326 </para>
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327 </listitem>
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328 </itemizedlist>
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329 </para>
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330 </sect2>
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331
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332 <sect2 id="bugreports_configure">
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333 <title>Configure-Probleme</title>
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334 <para>
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335 Wenn du Fehlermeldungen beim Aufruf von <command>./configure</command> bekommst oder
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336 die automatische Erkennung von etwas fehlschlägt, so lies <filename>configure.log</filename>.
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337 Du könntest dort die Antwort finden, zum Beispiel mehrere Versionen derselben Bibliothek,
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338 die gemischt auf deinem System vorliegen, oder du hast vergessen, das Entwicklerpaket
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339 (die mit dem Suffix -dev) zu installieren. Wenn du denkst, dass es sich um einen
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340 Fehler handelt, binde <filename>configure.log</filename> in deinen Fehlerbericht ein.
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341 </para>
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342 </sect2>
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343
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344 <sect2 id="bugreports_compilation">
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345 <title>Compilierungsprobleme</title>
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346 <para>
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347 Bitte füge diese Dateien an:
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348 <itemizedlist>
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349 <listitem><para>config.h</para></listitem>
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350 <listitem><para>config.mak</para></listitem>
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351 </itemizedlist>
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352 </para>
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353 </sect2>
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354
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355 <sect2 id="bugreports_playback">
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356 <title>Wiedergabeprobleme</title>
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357 <para>
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358 Bitte füge die Ausgabe von <application>MPlayer</application> im ausführlichen Modus
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359 bei Level 1 an, denke aber daran, <emphasis role="bold">die Ausgabe nicht zu kürzen</emphasis>,
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360 wenn du sie in deine Mail einfügst. Die Entwickler benötigen alle Ausgaben, um das Problem
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361 angemessen zu untersuchen. Du kannst die Ausgabe folgendermaßen in eine Datei ausgeben:
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362 <screen>mplayer -v <replaceable>Optionen</replaceable> <replaceable>Dateiname</replaceable> &gt; mplayer.log 2&gt;&amp;1</screen>
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363 </para>
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364
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365 <para>
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366 Wenn dein Problem speziell mit einer oder mehreren Dateien zu tun hat, lade diese bitte hoch nach:
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367 <ulink url="ftp://upload.mplayerhq.hu/MPlayer/incoming/"/>
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368 </para>
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369
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370 <para>
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371 Lade bitte auch eine kleine Textdatei hoch, die denselben Basisnamen wie deine Datei
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372 hat, mit der Erweiterung .txt. Beschreibe dort das Problem, das du mit dieser speziellen
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373 Datei hast und gib sowohl deine Emailadresse als auch die Ausgabe von
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374 <application>MPlayer</application> im ausführlichen Modus bei Level 1 an. Normalerweise
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375 reichen die ersten 1-5 MB einer Datei aus, um das Problem zu reproduzieren. Um ganz sicher
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376 zu gehen, bitten wir dich, folgendes zu tun:
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377 <screen>dd if=<replaceable>deine-datei</replaceable> of=<replaceable>kleine-datei</replaceable> bs=1024k count=5</screen>
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378 Dies wird die ersten fünf Megabyte von '<emphasis role="bold">deine-datei</emphasis>' nehmen
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379 und nach '<emphasis role="bold">kleine-datei</emphasis>' schreiben. Probiere es dann erneut
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380 mit dieser kleinen Datei, und wenn der Fehler noch immer auftritt, ist dieses Beispiel für uns
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381 ausreichend.
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382 Bitte sende <emphasis role="bold">niemals</emphasis> solche Dateien via Mail!
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383 Lade sie hoch und schicke nur den Pfad/Dateinamen der Datei auf dem FTP-Server. Ist
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384 die Datei im Netz verfügbar, reicht es, die <emphasis role="bold">exakte</emphasis>
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385 URL zu schicken.
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386 </para>
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387 </sect2>
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388
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389 <sect2 id="bugreports_crash">
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390 <title>Abstürze</title>
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391 <para>
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392 Du musst <application>MPlayer</application> in <command>gdb</command> aufrufen und
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393 uns die komplette Ausgabe schicken, oder du kannst, wenn du ein <filename>core</filename>-Dump
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394 des Absturzes hast, nützliche Informationen aus der Core-Datei extrahieren,
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395 und zwar folgendermaßen:
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396 </para>
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397
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398 <sect3 id="bugreports_debug">
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399 <title>Wie man Informationen eines reproduzierbaren Absturzes erhält</title>
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400 <para>
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401 Compiliere <application>MPlayer</application> neu mit Debugging-Code aktiviert:
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402 <screen>./configure --enable-debug=3
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403 make</screen>
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404 und rufe dann <application>MPlayer</application> innerhalb gdb auf mit:
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405 <screen>gdb ./mplayer</screen>
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406 Du befindest dich nun innerhalb gdb. Gib ein
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407 <screen>run -v <replaceable>Optionen-an-mplayer</replaceable> <replaceable>Dateiname</replaceable></screen>
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408 und reproduziere den Absturz. Sobald du das getan hast, wird gdb zur Eingabeaufforderung
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409 zurückkehren, wo du folgendes eingeben musst:
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410 <screen>bt
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411 disass $pc-32 $pc+32
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412 info all-registers</screen>
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413 </para>
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414 </sect3>
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415
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416 <sect3 id="bugreports_core">
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417 <title>Wie man aussagekräftige Informationen aus einem Core-Dump extrahiert</title>
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418 <para>
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419 Erzeuge die folgende Befehlsdatei:
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420 <screen>bt
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421 disass $pc-32 $pc+32
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422 info all-registers</screen>
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423 Führe dann einfach folgenden Befehl aus:
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424 <screen>gdb mplayer --core=core -batch --command=<replaceable>Kommando_Datei</replaceable> &gt; mplayer.bug</screen>
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425 </para>
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426 </sect3>
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427 </sect2>
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428 </sect1>
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429
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430 <sect1 id="bugreports_advusers">
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431 <title>Ich weiß, was ich tue...</title>
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432 <para>
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433 Wenn du einen Fehlerbericht wie oben beschrieben geschrieben hast und du dir sicher
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434 bist, dass es ein Bug in <application>MPlayer</application> und nicht ein Problem mit dem
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435 Compiler oder eine defekte Datei ist, du die Dokumentation gelesen hast und keine Lösungen
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436 finden konntest und deine Soundtreiber OK sind, dann kannst du auch der
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437 mplayer-advusers-Mailingliste beitreten und dort deine Fehlerberichte einsenden. Du wirst dort
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438 schnellere und bessere Antworten erhalten.
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439 </para>
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440
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441 <para>
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442 Aber sei gewarnt: Wenn du Anfängerfragen stellst oder Fragen, die in dieser Anleitung
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443 bereits beantwortet werden, wirst du ignoriert oder angemeckert, anstatt eine Antwort
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444 zu erhalten. Also ärgere uns nicht und trete der -advusers-Liste nur bei, wenn du weißt,
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445 was du tust und du dich für einen erfahrenen MPlayer-Nutzer oder -Entwickler hältst.
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446 Erfüllst du diese Kriterien, sollte es kein Problem für dich sein, dich anzumelden...
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447 </para>
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448 </sect1>
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449
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450 </appendix>