annotate DOCS/xml/de/bugreports.xml @ 19711:b1360b1b4dcc

r19715: fix some more mailman links
author kraymer
date Wed, 06 Sep 2006 13:26:10 +0000
parents cf29467223c7
children 66bf507e05f0
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1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
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2 <!-- in sync with r19715 -->
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3 <appendix id="bugreports">
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4 <title>Wie Fehler (Bugs) berichtet werden</title>
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5 <para>
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6 Gute Fehlerberichte sind ein sehr wertvoller Beitrag zur Entwicklung jedes
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7 Softwareprojekts. Aber genau wie das Schreiben guter Software erfordert das
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8 Anfertigen von Problemberichten etwas Arbeit. Bitte sei dir darüber im
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9 klaren, dass die meisten Entwickler sehr beschäftigt sind und eine unverschämt
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10 hohe Anzahl Mails bekommen. Verstehe daher, dass wir dir, obwohl dein Feedback für die
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11 Verbesserung von <application>MPlayer</application> sehr wichtig ist und geschätzt
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12 wird, <emphasis role="bold">alle</emphasis> Informationen, die wir fordern, zur
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13 Verfügung stellen und dass du die Anweisungen dieses Dokuments strikt befolgen musst.
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14 </para>
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15 <sect1 id="bugreports_security">
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16 <title>Berichte sicherheitsrelevante Fehler</title>
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17 <para>
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18 Falls du einen Exploit-fähigen Fehler gefunden hast und gern das richtige tun
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19 möchtest und uns diesen beseitigen lässt, bevor du ihn veröffentlichst, würden wir uns
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20 freuen, deinen Rat zur Sicherheit unter
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21 <ulink url="mailto:&#115;&#101;&#99;&#117;&#114;&#105;&#116;&#121;&#64;&#109;&#112;&#108;&#97;&#121;&#101;&#114;&#104;&#113;&#46;&#104;&#117;">&#115;&#101;&#99;&#117;&#114;&#105;&#116;&#121;&#64;&#109;&#112;&#108;&#97;&#121;&#101;&#114;&#104;&#113;&#46;&#104;&#117;</ulink>
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22 zu erhalten.
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23 Füge dem Betreff bitte [SECURITY] oder [ADVISORY] hinzu.
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24 Stelle bitte sicher, dass dein Bericht eine vollständige und detaillierte Analyse des Fehlers enthält.
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25 Die Einsendung einer Lösung nehmen wir sehr gerne dankend an.
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26 Bitte zögere deinen Bericht nicht hinaus, um einen Proof-of-concept-Exploit zu schreiben, den
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27 kannst du in einer weiteren Mail schicken.
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28 </para>
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29 </sect1>
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30 <sect1 id="bugreports_fix">
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31 <title>Wie Fehler beseitigt werden</title>
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32 <para>
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33 Wenn du das Gefühl hast, dass du die nötigen Kenntnisse hast, bist du dazu eingeladen,
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34 dich selbst an der Lösung des Fehlers zu versuchen. Vielleicht hast du das schon?
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35 Bitte lies
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36 <ulink url="../../tech/patches.txt">dieses kurze Dokument</ulink>, um herauszufinden,
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37 wie dein Code Teil von <application>MPlayer</application> werden kann. Die Leute der
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38 Mailing-Liste
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39 <ulink url="http://lists.mplayerhq.hu/mailman/listinfo/mplayer-dev-eng">MPlayer-dev-eng</ulink>
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40 werden dir zur Seite stehen, wenn du Fragen hast.
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41 </para>
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42 </sect1>
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43 <sect1 id="bugreports_regression_test">
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44 <title>Wie Regressionstests mit Subversion durchgeführt werden</title>
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45 <para>
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46 Ein Problem, das manchmal auftreten kann ist &quot;es hat vorher funktioniert, jetzt
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47 tut es das nicht mehr...&quot;.
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48 Hier eine Schritt-für-Schritt-Verfahren, um herauszufinden, wann das Problem
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49 aufgetreten ist. Dies ist <emphasis role="bold">nichts</emphasis> für Gelegenheitsanwender.
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50 </para>
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51 <para>
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52 Zuerst musst du dir MPlayers Sourcenverzeichnis aus dem Subversion-Repository besorgen.
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53 Eine Anleitung hierzu kann unten auf
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54 <ulink url="http://www.mplayerhq.hu/dload.html">dieser Seite</ulink>
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55 gefunden werden.
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56 </para>
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57 <para>
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58 Du wirst dann im mplayer/-Verzeichnis ein Abbild des Subversion-Baums auf der Client-Seite
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59 haben.
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60 Führe jetzt ein Update für dieses Abbild auf das von dir gewünschte Datum durch:
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61 <screen>
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62 cd mplayer/
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63 svn update -r {"2004-08-23"}
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64 </screen>
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65 Das Datumsformat ist YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS.
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66 Die Benutzung des Datumsformats stellt sicher, dass du in der Lage sein wirst,
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67 Patches anhand des Datums, an dem sie eingespielt wurden, extrahieren kannst, wie im
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68 <ulink url="http://mplayerhq.hu/pipermail/mplayer-cvslog/">MPlayer-cvslog-Archiv</ulink>.
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69 </para>
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70 <para>
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71 Gehe nun wie bei einem normalen Update vor:
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72 <screen>
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73 ./configure
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74 make
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75 </screen>
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76 </para>
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77 <para>
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78 Falls ein Nicht-Programmierer dies liest: Der schnellste Weg, zu dem Punkt zu
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79 gelangen, bei dem das Problem auftrat ist eine Binärsuche - das bedeutet:
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80 Suche das Datum der Bruchstelle, indem du das Suchintervall wiederholt halbierst.
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81 Zum Beispiel, wenn das Problem 2003 auftrat, starte in der Mitte des Jahres und
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82 frage "Ist das Problem schon da?".
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83 Wenn ja, gehe zurück zum 1. April; wenn nicht, gehe zum 1. Oktober und so weiter.
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84 </para>
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85 <para>
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86 Wenn du viel Festplattenspeicher frei hast (eine vollständige Compilierung
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87 benötigt momentan 100 MB, und ungefähr 300-350 MB, wenn Debugging-Symbole mit
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88 dabei sind), kopiere vor einem Update die älteste Version, von der bekannt ist,
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89 dass sie funktioniert; das spart Zeit, wenn du zurückgehen musst.
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90 (Es ist normalerweise nicht nötig, 'make distclean' vor einer erneuten Compilierung
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91 einer früheren Version auszuführen. Wenn du also keine Backup-Kopie deines
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92 Original-Sourcebaums machst, wirst du alles neu compilieren müssen, wenn du beim
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93 gegenwärtigen wieder angekommen bist.)
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94 </para>
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95 <para>
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96 Wenn du den Tag gefunden hast, an dem das Problem auftrat, fahre mit der Suche mit
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97 dem mplayer-cvslog-Archiv (sortiert nach Datum) und einem genaueren svn update,
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98 welches Stunde, Minute und Sekunde beinhaltet, fort:
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99 <screen>
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100 svn update -r {"2004-08-23 15:17:25"}
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101 </screen>
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102 Dies wird es dir leicht machen, exakt den verursachenden Patch zu finden.
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103 </para>
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104 <para>
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105 Hast du den Patch gefunden, der Ursache des Problems ist, hast du fast gewonnen;
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106 Berichte darüber im
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107 <ulink url="http://bugzilla.mplayerhq.hu/">MPlayer Bugzilla</ulink>-System oder melde
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108 dich bei
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109 <ulink url="http://lists.mplayerhq.hu/mailman/listinfo/mplayer-users">MPlayer-Users</ulink>
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110 an und mach es dort bekannt.
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111 Es besteht die Chance, dass der Autor einspringt und eine Lösung vorschlägt.
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112 Du kannst auch solange einen genauen Blick auf den Patch werfen, bis er genötigt ist,
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113 zu offenbaren, wo der Fehler steckt :-).
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114 </para>
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115 </sect1>
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116 <sect1 id="bugreports_report">
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117 <title>Wie Fehler berichtet werden</title>
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118 <para>
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119 Probiere vor allem zu allererst die letzte Subversion-Version von <application>MPlayer</application>,
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120 da dein Problem dort möglicherweise schon behoben ist. Die Entwicklung geht extrem schnell
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121 voran, die meisten Probleme in offiziellen Versionen werden innerhalb von Tagen oder sogar
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122 Stunden den Entwicklern mitgeteilt. Benutze daher bitte <emphasis role="bold">nur
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123 Subversion</emphasis> beim Berichten von Fehlern. Dies gilt auch für Binärpakete von
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124 <application>MPlayer</application>. Subversion-Anweisungen findest du am unteren Ende <ulink
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125 url="http://www.mplayerhq.hu/dload.html">dieser Seite</ulink> oder in der README.
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126 Wenn dies nicht hilft, ziehe die Liste <link linkend="bugs">bekannter Fehler</link> und den
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127 Rest der Dokumentation zu Rate. Ist dein Problem nicht bekannt oder kann es durch unsere
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128 Anweisungen nicht gelöst werden, dann teil uns den Fehler mit.
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129 </para>
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130
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131 <para>
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132 Sende bitte keine Fehlerberichte privat an einzelne Entwickler. MPlayer ist
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133 Gemeinschaftsarbeit, also wird es vielleicht mehrere interessierte Leute geben. Es
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134 kommt auch teilweise vor, dass derselbe Fehler von anderen Benutzern gefunden wurde,
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135 die bereits eine Lösung zur Umgehung des Problems haben, auch wenn es sich um einen
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136 Fehler im <application>MPlayer</application>-Code handelt.
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137 </para>
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138
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139 <para>
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140 Bitte beschreibe dein Problem so detailliert wie möglich. Dazu gehört ein klein
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141 wenig Detektivarbeit, um die Umstände einzuengen, unter denen das Problem auftritt.
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142 Tritt der Fehler nur in bestimmten Situationen auf? Ist er abhängig von Dateien oder
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143 Dateitypen? Tritt er nur bei einem Codec auf oder ist er davon unabhängig? Kannst
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144 du den Fehler mit allen Ausgabetreibern reproduzieren? Je mehr Informationen du zur
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145 Verfügung stellst, desto besser sind die Chancen, dass das Problem gelöst wird.
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146 Bitte vergiss nicht, auch die unten angeforderten wertvollen Informationen miteinzubeziehen.
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147 Ansonsten sind wir vermutlich nicht in der Lage, das Problem genau zu untersuchen.
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148 </para>
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149
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150 <para>
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151 Eine exzellente und gut geschriebene Anleitung dazu, wie Fragen in öffentlichen Foren
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152 gestellt werden sollen, ist
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153 <ulink url="http://www.catb.org/~esr/faqs/smart-questions.html">How To Ask Questions
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154 The Smart Way</ulink> von <ulink url="http://www.catb.org/~esr/">Eric S. Raymond</ulink>.
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155 Es gibt noch einen namens
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156 <ulink url="http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/bugs.html">How to Report
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157 Bugs Effectively</ulink> von <ulink url="http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/">Simon
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158 Tatham</ulink>.
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159 Befolgst du diese Richtlinien, solltest du Hilfe bekommen können. Bitte hab aber Verständnis,
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160 dass wir alle den Mailinglisten freiwillig in unserer Freizeit folgen. Wir sind sehr
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161 beschäftigt und können nicht garantieren, dass du eine Lösung oder auch nur eine Antwort zu
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162 deinem Problem erhältst.
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163 </para>
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164
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165 </sect1>
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166
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167 <sect1 id="bugreports_where">
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168 <title>Wo Fehler berichtet werden sollen</title>
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169 <para>
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170 Melde dich bei der Mailingliste MPlayer-users an:
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171 <ulink url="http://lists.mplayerhq.hu/mailman/listinfo/mplayer-users"/>
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172 und sende deinen Fehlerbericht an
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173 <ulink url="mailto:mplayer-users@mplayerhq.hu"/>, wo dieser diskutiert werden kann.
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174 </para>
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175 <para>
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176 Wenn du es bevorzugst, kannst du statt dessen auch unseren brandneuen
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177 <ulink url="http://bugzilla.mplayerhq.hu/">Bugzilla</ulink> verwenden.
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178 </para>
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179 <para>
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180 Die Sprache der Liste ist <emphasis role="bold">Englisch</emphasis>. Bitte
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181 befolge die Standard-
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182 <ulink url="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1855.txt">Netiquette-Richtlinien</ulink>
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183 und <emphasis role="bold">sende keine HTML-Mails</emphasis> an eine unserer
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184 Mailinglisten. Du wirst ignoriert oder ausgeschlossen werden. Wenn du nicht
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185 weißt, was eine HTML-Mail ist oder warum sie böse ist, lies dieses
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186 <ulink url="http://expita.com/nomime.html">feine Dokument</ulink>. Es erklärt
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187 alle Details und beinhaltet Instruktionen, wie man HTML abschalten kann. Beachte
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188 auch, dass wir keine Kopien (CC, carbon-copy) verschicken. Es ist daher eine
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189 gute Sache, sich anzumelden, um auch wirklich eine Antwort zu erhalten.
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190 </para>
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191 </sect1>
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192
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193 <sect1 id="bugreports_what">
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194 <title>Was berichtet werden soll</title>
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195 <para>
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196 Du wirst wahrscheinlich Logdateien, Konfigurationsinformationen und Beispieldateien
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197 in deinen Fehlerbericht aufnehmen müssen. Werden einige von ihnen ziemlich groß,
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198 ist es besser, wenn du sie auf unseren
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199 <ulink url="ftp://upload.mplayerhq.hu/MPlayer/incoming/">FTP-Server</ulink> hochlädst,
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200 und zwar in komprimierter Form (gzip und bzip2 bevorzugt). Gib dann in deinem
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201 Fehlerbericht nur den Pfad- und den Dateinamen an. Unsere Mailinglisten haben ein
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202 Nachrichten-Größenlimit von 80k, wenn du etwas größeres hast, musst du es
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203 komprimieren und hochladen.
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204 </para>
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205
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206 <sect2 id="bugreports_system">
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207 <title>Systeminformationen</title>
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208 <para>
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209 <itemizedlist>
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210 <listitem><para>
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211 Deine Linuxdistribution, Betriebssystem und Version, z.B.:
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212 <itemizedlist>
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213 <listitem><para>Red Hat 7.1</para></listitem>
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214 <listitem><para>Slackware 7.0 + Entwicklerpakete von 7.1 ...</para></listitem>
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215 </itemizedlist>
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216 </para></listitem>
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217 <listitem><para>
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218 Kernelversion:
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219 <screen>uname -a</screen>
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220 </para></listitem>
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221 <listitem><para>
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222 libc-Version:
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223 <screen>ls -l /lib/libc[.-]*</screen>
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224 </para></listitem>
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225 <listitem><para>
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226 gcc- und ld-Versionen:
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227 <screen>
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228 gcc -v
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229 ld -v
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230 </screen>
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231 </para></listitem>
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232 <listitem><para>
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233 binutils-Version:
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234 <screen>
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235 as --version
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236 </screen>
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237 </para></listitem>
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238 <listitem><para>
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239 Wenn du Probleme mit dem Vollbildmodus hast:
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240 <itemizedlist>
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241 <listitem><para>Window-Manager-Typ und Version</para></listitem>
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242 </itemizedlist>
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243 </para></listitem>
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244 <listitem><para>
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245 Wenn du Probleme mit XVIDIX hast:
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246 <itemizedlist>
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247 <listitem><para>Farbtiefe von X:
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248 <screen>xdpyinfo | grep &quot;depth of root&quot;</screen>
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249 </para></listitem>
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250 </itemizedlist>
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251 </para></listitem>
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252 <listitem><para>
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253 Wenn nur die GUI fehlerhaft ist:
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254 <itemizedlist>
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255 <listitem><para>GTK-Version</para></listitem>
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256 <listitem><para>GLIB-Version</para></listitem>
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257 <listitem><para>libpng-Version</para></listitem>
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258 <listitem><para>GUI-Situation, in welcher der Fehler auftritt</para></listitem>
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259 </itemizedlist>
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260 </para></listitem>
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261 </itemizedlist>
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262 </para>
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263 </sect2>
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264
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265 <sect2 id="bugreports_hardware">
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266 <title>Hardware und Treiber</title>
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267 <para>
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268 <itemizedlist>
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269 <listitem><para>
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270 CPU-Info (funktioniert nur unter Linux):
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271 <screen>cat /proc/cpuinfo</screen>
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272 </para></listitem>
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273 <listitem><para>
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274 Videokartenhersteller und -modell, z.B.:
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275 <itemizedlist>
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276 <listitem><para>ASUS V3800U chip: nVidia TNT2 Ultra pro 32MB SDRAM</para></listitem>
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277 <listitem><para>Matrox G400 DH 32MB SGRAM</para></listitem>
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278 </itemizedlist>
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279 </para></listitem>
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280 <listitem><para>
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281 Videotreibertyp und -version, .z.B.:
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282 <itemizedlist>
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283 <listitem><para>eingebauter Treiber von X</para></listitem>
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284 <listitem><para>nVidia 0.9.623</para></listitem>
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285 <listitem><para>Utah-GLX CVS 2001-02-17</para></listitem>
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286 <listitem><para>DRI von X 4.0.3</para></listitem>
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287 </itemizedlist>
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288 </para></listitem>
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289 <listitem><para>
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290 Soundkartentyp und -treiber, z.B.:
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291 <itemizedlist>
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292 <listitem><para>Creative SBLive! Gold mit OSS-Treiber von oss.creative.com</para></listitem>
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293 <listitem><para>Creative SB16 mit Kernel-OSS-Treibern</para></listitem>
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294 <listitem><para>GUS PnP mit OSS-Emulation von ALSA</para></listitem>
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295 </itemizedlist>
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296 </para></listitem>
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297 <listitem><para>
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298 Füge bei Linuxsystemen im Zweifel die Ausgabe von <command>lspci -vv</command> bei.
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299 </para></listitem>
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300 </itemizedlist>
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301 </para>
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302 </sect2>
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303
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304 <sect2 id="bugreports_configure">
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305 <title>Configure-Probleme</title>
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306 <para>
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307 Wenn du Fehlermeldungen beim Aufruf von <command>./configure</command> bekommst oder
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308 die automatische Erkennung von etwas fehlschlägt, so lies <filename>configure.log</filename>.
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309 Du könntest dort die Antwort finden, zum Beispiel mehrere Versionen derselben Bibliothek,
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310 die gemischt auf deinem System vorliegen, oder du hast vergessen, das Entwicklerpaket
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311 (die mit dem Suffix -dev) zu installieren. Wenn du denkst, dass es sich um einen
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312 Fehler handelt, binde <filename>configure.log</filename> in deinen Fehlerbericht ein.
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313 </para>
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314 </sect2>
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315
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316 <sect2 id="bugreports_compilation">
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317 <title>Compilierungsprobleme</title>
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318 <para>
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319 Bitte füge diese Dateien an:
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320 <itemizedlist>
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321 <listitem><para>config.h</para></listitem>
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322 <listitem><para>config.mak</para></listitem>
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323 </itemizedlist>
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324 </para>
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325 </sect2>
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326
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327 <sect2 id="bugreports_playback">
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328 <title>Wiedergabeprobleme</title>
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329 <para>
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330 Bitte füge die Ausgabe von <application>MPlayer</application> im ausführlichen Modus
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331 bei Level 1 an, denke aber daran, <emphasis role="bold">die Ausgabe nicht zu kürzen</emphasis>,
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332 wenn du sie in deine Mail einfügst. Die Entwickler benötigen alle Ausgaben, um das Problem
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333 angemessen zu untersuchen. Du kannst die Ausgabe folgendermaßen in eine Datei ausgeben:
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334 <screen>mplayer -v <replaceable>Optionen</replaceable> <replaceable>Dateiname</replaceable> &gt; mplayer.log 2&gt;&amp;1</screen>
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335 </para>
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336
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337 <para>
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338 Wenn dein Problem speziell mit einer oder mehreren Dateien zu tun hat, lade diese bitte hoch nach:
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339 <ulink url="ftp://upload.mplayerhq.hu/MPlayer/incoming/"/>
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340 </para>
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341
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342 <para>
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343 Lade bitte auch eine kleine Textdatei hoch, die denselben Basisnamen wie deine Datei
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344 hat, mit der Erweiterung .txt. Beschreibe dort das Problem, das du mit dieser speziellen
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345 Datei hast und gib sowohl deine Emailadresse als auch die Ausgabe von
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346 <application>MPlayer</application> im ausführlichen Modus bei Level 1 an. Normalerweise
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347 reichen die ersten 1-5 MB einer Datei aus, um das Problem zu reproduzieren. Um ganz sicher
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348 zu gehen, bitten wir dich, folgendes zu tun:
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349 <screen>dd if=<replaceable>deine-datei</replaceable> of=<replaceable>kleine-datei</replaceable> bs=1024k count=5</screen>
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350 Dies wird die ersten fünf Megabyte von '<emphasis role="bold">deine-datei</emphasis>' nehmen
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351 und nach '<emphasis role="bold">kleine-datei</emphasis>' schreiben. Probiere es dann erneut
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352 mit dieser kleinen Datei, und wenn der Fehler noch immer auftritt, ist dieses Beispiel für uns
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353 ausreichend.
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354 Bitte sende <emphasis role="bold">niemals</emphasis> solche Dateien via Mail!
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355 Lade sie hoch und schicke nur den Pfad/Dateinamen der Datei auf dem FTP-Server. Ist
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356 die Datei im Netz verfügbar, reicht es, die <emphasis role="bold">exakte</emphasis>
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357 URL zu schicken.
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358 </para>
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359 </sect2>
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360
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361 <sect2 id="bugreports_crash">
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362 <title>Abstürze</title>
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363 <para>
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364 Du musst <application>MPlayer</application> in <command>gdb</command> aufrufen und
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365 uns die komplette Ausgabe schicken, oder du kannst, wenn du ein <filename>core</filename>-Dump
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366 des Absturzes hast, nützliche Informationen aus der Core-Datei extrahieren,
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367 und zwar folgendermaßen:
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368 </para>
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369
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370 <sect3 id="bugreports_debug">
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371 <title>Wie man Informationen eines reproduzierbaren Absturzes erhält</title>
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372 <para>
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373 Compiliere <application>MPlayer</application> neu mit Debugging-Code aktiviert:
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374 <screen>
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375 ./configure --enable-debug=3
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376 make
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377 </screen>
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378 und rufe dann <application>MPlayer</application> innerhalb gdb auf mit:
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379 <screen>gdb ./mplayer</screen>
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380 Du befindest dich nun innerhalb gdb. Gib ein
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381 <screen>run -v <replaceable>Optionen-an-mplayer</replaceable> <replaceable>Dateiname</replaceable></screen>
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382 und reproduziere den Absturz. Sobald du das getan hast, wird gdb zur Eingabeaufforderung
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383 zurückkehren, wo du folgendes eingeben musst:
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384 <screen>
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385 bt
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386 disass $pc-32 $pc+32
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387 info all-registers
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388 </screen>
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389 </para>
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390 </sect3>
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391
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392 <sect3 id="bugreports_core">
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393 <title>Wie man aussagekräftige Informationen aus einem Core-Dump extrahiert</title>
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394 <para>
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395 Erzeuge die folgende Befehlsdatei:
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396 <screen>
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397 bt
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398 disass $pc-32 $pc+32
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399 info all-registers
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400 </screen>
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401 Führe dann einfach folgenden Befehl aus:
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402 <screen>gdb mplayer --core=core -batch --command=<replaceable>Kommando_Datei</replaceable> &gt; mplayer.bug</screen>
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403 </para>
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404 </sect3>
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405 </sect2>
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406 </sect1>
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407
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408 <sect1 id="bugreports_advusers">
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409 <title>Ich weiß, was ich tue...</title>
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410 <para>
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411 Wenn du einen Fehlerbericht wie oben beschrieben geschrieben hast und du dir sicher
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412 bist, dass es ein Bug in <application>MPlayer</application> und nicht ein Problem mit dem
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413 Compiler oder eine defekte Datei ist, du die Dokumentation gelesen hast und keine Lösungen
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414 finden konntest und deine Soundtreiber OK sind, dann kannst du auch der
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415 mplayer-advusers-Mailingliste beitreten und dort deine Fehlerberichte einsenden. Du wirst dort
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416 schnellere und bessere Antworten erhalten.
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417 </para>
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418
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419 <para>
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420 Aber sei gewarnt: Wenn du Anfängerfragen stellst oder Fragen, die in dieser Anleitung
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421 bereits beantwortet werden, wirst du ignoriert oder angemeckert, anstatt eine Antwort
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422 zu erhalten. Also ärgere uns nicht und trete der -advusers-Liste nur bei, wenn du weißt,
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423 was du tust und du dich für einen erfahrenen MPlayer-Nutzer oder -Entwickler hältst.
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424 Erfüllst du diese Kriterien, sollte es kein Problem für dich sein, dich anzumelden...
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425 </para>
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426
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427 </sect1>
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428
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429 </appendix>