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annotate DOCS/Polish/formats.html @ 4854:4a6dde59834c

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fixed, strengthened, rewrote, and renamed a variety of the ADPCM decoders (including MS, DK4 and DK3 ADPCM)
author melanson
date Mon, 25 Feb 2002 02:48:37 +0000
parents ed33540a982b
children d5c692754cf2
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1 <HTML>
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2 <BODY BGCOLOR=WHITE>
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3
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4 <FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>
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dadab20dc2b4 began updated translation by <nell@skrzynka.pl> (work-in-progress)
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7 <P><B><A NAME=2.1>2.1. Supported formats</A></B></P>
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8
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9 <P><B>MPlayer</B> can read/play from the following devices/formats:<BR>
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10 <UL>
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11 <LI> <A HREF="#2.1.1.1">VCD</A> (Video CD) directly from CD-ROM or from CDRwin's .bin image file
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12 <LI> <A HREF="#2.1.1.1">DVD</A>, directly from your DVD disk, using libdvdread for decryption
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13 <LI> <A HREF="#2.1.1.1">MPEG 1/2</A> System Stream (PS/PES/VOB) and Elementary Stream (ES) file
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14 formats
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15 <LI> <A HREF="#2.1.1.2">RIFF AVI</A> file format
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16 <LI> <A HREF="#2.1.1.3">ASF/WMV</A> 1.0 file format
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17 <LI> <A HREF="#2.1.1.4">QT/MOV</A> file format with (un)compressed headers
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18 <LI> <A HREF="#2.1.1.5">VIVO</A> format (.viv files)
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19 <LI> <A HREF="#2.1.1.6">FLI</A> format
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20 <LI> <A HREF="#2.1.1.7">RealMedia</A> format (.rm files)
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21 <LI> <A HREF="#2.1.1.8">NuppelVideo</A> format (.nuv files)
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22 <LI> <A HREF="#2.1.1.9">yuv4mpeg</A> format
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23 <LI> supports <A HREF="documentation.html#3.3">reading from stdin</A>, or network via HTTP
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24 </UL></P>
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25
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26 <P>It's important to clarify a popular mistake. When people see a file with
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27 <B>.AVI</B> extension, they instantly declare that isn't an MPEG file.
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28 That's not true. At least not entirely. If you tell them that such a file
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29 can contain MPEG1 video, they laugh at you. Feel free to kick their dumbass
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30 faces, then tell them to RTFM.</P>
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31
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32 <P>You see, a <B>codec</B> isn't equal to a <B>file format</B>.<BR>
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33 Video <B>codecs</B> are: MPEG1, MPEG2, DivX, Indeo5, 3ivx.<BR>
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34 Video <B>formats</B> are: MPG, AVI, ASF.<BR>
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35 </P>
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36
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37 <P>In theory, you can happily put an OpenDivX video and MP3 audio
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38 into a <B>.MPG</B> format file. Though most players won't play it, since
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39 they expect MPEG1 video and MP2 audio (<B>.MPG</B> doesn't have the
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40 necessary fields to describe its video and audio streams, like <B>.AVI</B>
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41 does). Or put MPEG1 video to an .AVI. For example <A HREF="http://ffmpeg.sourceforge.net">ffmpeg</A> can
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42 create these files.</P>
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43
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44 <P>Audio <B>codecs</B> and <B>formats</B> are basically the same terms.</P>
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46
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47 <P><B><A NAME=2.1.1>2.1.1. Video formats</A></B></P>
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48
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49
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50 <P><B><A NAME=2.1.1.1>2.1.1.1. MPEG files</A></B></P>
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51
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52 <P>
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53 <LI>MPG : this is the most <B>basic</B> form of MPEG file formats. Contains
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54 MPEG1 video, and MP2 (MPEG-1 layer 2) audio, or rarely MP1.</LI>
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55 <LI>DAT : this is the very same format as MPG, just different extension. Used
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56 on <B>Video CD</B>s. Due to the nature VCDs are created and Linux is designed,
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57 the DAT files can't be played nor copied from VCDs. You have to use the
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58 <CODE>-vcd</CODE> option to play the VideoCD.</LI>
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59 <LI>VOB : this is the MPEG file format on <B>DVD</B>s. The same as MPG, plus
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60 capability to contain subtitles, or non-MPEG (AC3) audio. Contains encoded MPEG2
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61 video, and usually AC3 audio, but MP2 is allowed too.<BR>
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62 <B>Read the <A HREF="cd-dvd.html#4.2">DVD section</A> !</B></LI>
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63 </P>
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64
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65 <P>In MPEG files, series of frames are grouped together, and are independent
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66 from the other groups. What this means is you can cut/join an MPEG file with
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67 standard file-tools (like dd, cut), and it remains completely functional.</P>
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68
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69 <P>One important feature for MPGs is that they have a field to describe
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70 the aspect ratio of the video stream within. For example SVCDs have
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71 480x480 resolution video, and in the header that field is set to 4:3, so
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72 it's played at 640x480. AVI files don't have this field, so one has to
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73 rescale it during encoding.</P>
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74
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75
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76 <P><B><A NAME=2.1.1.2>2.1.1.2. AVI files</A></B></P>
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77
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78 <P>Designed by Micro$oft, the <B>AVI (Audio Video Interleaved)</B> is a
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79 widespread multipurpose format, currently used mostly for DivX and DivX4
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80 videos. Has many known drawbacks, and inabilities (for example in streaming).
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81 Has support for one video stream, and 99 audio streams. Can be as big as
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82 2Gb. There exists an extension for it to be bigger, called <B>OpenDMS</B>.
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83 M$ currently strongly discourages its use and propagates ASF/WMV. Not if
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84 anybody cares.<BR>
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85 <B>NOTE</B> : DV cameras can create two types of AVI format, one is the usual and
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86 playable, the other is neither.</P>
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87
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88 <P>There are two kinds of AVI files:
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89 <UL>
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90 <LI><B>Interleaved</B> : audio and video content is interleaved. This is the
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91 standard usage. Recommended and mostly used. Some tools create interleaved
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92 AVIs with bad sync. <B>MPlayer</B> detects these as interleaved, and this
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93 climaxes in loss of A/V sync, probably at seeking. These files should be
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94 played as non-interleaved (with the <CODE>-ni</CODE> option).</LI>
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95 <LI><B>Non-interleaved</B> : bad. First come the whole video stream, then the whole
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96 audio stream, thus needs a lot of seeking. It's very bad when playing from
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97 network or CDROM.</LI>
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98 </UL>
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99 </P>
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100
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101 <P>MPlayer supports 2 kind of timing for AVI files:
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102 <UL>
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103 <LI><B>bps-based</B> : it is based on bitrate/samplerate of video/audio stream. This
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104 method is used by most players, including avifile and windows media player.
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105 Files with broken headers, and files created with VBR audio but not
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106 VBR-compliant encoder will result in A/V desync with this method (mostly at
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107 seeking).</LI>
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108 <LI><B>interleaving-based</B> : it doesn't use bitrate value of the header, instead
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109 it uses the relative position of interleaved audio and video chunks. Makes
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110 some badly encoded file with VBR audio playable.</LI>
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111 </UL>
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112 </P>
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113
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114 <P>Any audio and video codec is allowed, but note that VBR audio isn't well
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115 supported by most of the players. The file format makes it possible to use VBR
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116 audio, but most players expect CBR audio, thus they fail with VBR. VBR is
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117 unusual, and Microsoft's AVI specs only describe CBR audio. I also note, that
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118 most AVI encoders/multiplexers create bad files if using VBR audio. Only 2
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119 exception (known by me): NaNDub and <A HREF="encoding.html">MEncoder</A>.</P>
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120
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121
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122 <P><B><A NAME=2.1.1.3>2.1.1.3. ASF/WMV files</A></B></P>
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123
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124 <P>ASF (active streaming format) comes from Microsoft. They developed two
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125 variants of ASF, v1.0 and v2.0. v1.0 is used by their media tools (windows
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126 media player and windows media encoder) and is very secret. v2.0 is published
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127 and patented :). Of course they differ, there is no compatibility at all (it's
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128 just another legal game). <B>MPlayer</B> supports only v1.0, as nobody has ever seen
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129 v2.0 files :) . Note, that .ASF files nowdays come with the extension .WMA or
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130 .WMV.</P>
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131
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132
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133 <P><B><A NAME=2.1.1.4>2.1.1.4. QuickTime/MOV files</A></B></P>
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134
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135 <P>These are from Macintosh. Usually have extensions of .QT or .MOV . Note
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136 that since the MPEG4 Group chose QuickTime as the recommended file format
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137 for MPEG4, their .MOV files come with .MPG or .MP4 extension (interesting
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138 that in these files the video stream is a real .MPG file. With the
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139 <CODE>-dumpvideo</CODE> option you can even extract it.).</P>
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140
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141 <P><B>Codecs</B>: any codecs allowed, both CBR and VBR. Note: most new mov files use
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142 <B>Sorenson</B> video and QDesign Music audio. These formats are completely
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143 secret, and only Apple's quicktime player is able to play these files (on
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144 win/mac only).</P>
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145
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146
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147 <P><B><A NAME=2.1.1.5>2.1.1.5. VIV files</A></B></P>
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148
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149 <P><B>MPlayer</B> happily demuxes VIVO file formats. The format's big
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150 disadvantage is that it has no index block, nor fixed packetsize or sync bytes,
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151 and most files lack even keyframes, so forget seeking!</P>
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152
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153 <P>VIVO/1.0 files' video codec is standard <B>h.263</B> . The VIVO/2.0 files'
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154 video codec is a modified, nonstandard <B>h.263</B> . Audio is the same,
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155 it may be <B>g.723</B> (standard), or <B>Vivo Siren</B> .</P>
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156
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157 <P>See the <A HREF=codecs.html#2.2.1.4>VIVO video codec</A>
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158 and <A HREF=codecs.html#2.2.2.4>VIVO audio codec</A> sections for installation
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159 instructions.</P>
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160
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161
3879
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162 <P><B><A NAME=2.1.1.6>2.1.1.6. FLI files</A></B></P>
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163
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164 <P><B>FLI</B> is a very old fileformat used by Autodesk Animator, but it's
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165 a common fileformat for short animations on the Net. <B>MPlayer</B> demuxes
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166 and decodes FLI movies and is even able to seek within them (useful when
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167 looping with the -loop option). FLI files don't have keyframes, so picture
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168 will be messy for a short time after seeking.</P>
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169
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170
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171 <P><B><A NAME=2.1.1.7>2.1.1.7. RealMedia (RM) files</A></B></P>
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172
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173 <P>Yes, <B>MPlayer</B> can read (demux) RealMedia (.rm) files. Seeking
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174 is under implementation, and RM has keyframes so it will be flawless.
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175 Here are the lists of the supported <A HREF="codecs.html#2.2.1.8">RealVideo</A>
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176 and <A HREF="codecs.html#2.2.2.5">RealAudio</A> codecs.
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177
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178
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179 <P><B><A NAME=2.1.1.8>2.1.1.8. NuppelVideo files</A></B></P>
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180
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181 <P><A HREF="http://mars.tuwien.ac.at/~roman/nuppelvideo">NuppelVideo</A>
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182 is a TV grabber tool (AFAIK:). <B>MPlayer</B> can read its <CODE>.nuv</CODE>
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183 files (only NuppelVideo 5.0). Those files can contain uncompressed YV12,
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184 YV12+RTJpeg compressed, YV12 RTJpeg+lzo compressed, and YV12+lzo compressed
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185 frames, <B>MPlayer</B> decodes (and also <B>encodes</B> them with MEncoder to
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186 DivX/etc!) them all. Seeking is under implementation.</P>
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187
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188
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189 <P><B><A NAME=2.1.1.9>2.1.1.9. yuv4mpeg files</A></B></P>
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190
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191 <P><A HREF="http://mjpeg.sourceforge.net">yuv4mpeg / yuv4mpeg2</A> is
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192 also a fileformat for TV grabbing, or so :) I know only one thing about it:
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193 we support it.</P>
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194
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195
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196 <P><B><A NAME=2.1.2>2.1.2. Audio formats</A></B></P>
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197
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198 <P>Currently <B>MPlayer</B> is still a <B>Movie</B> and not a <B>Media</B>
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199 player, thus the pure audio formats (for example MP3, WAV, audio ASF) are
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200 unplayable. Use <A HREF="http://www.xmms.org">xmms</A>, <A HREF="http://www.mpg123.de">mpg123</A>
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201 or whatever.</P>
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202
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203 </BODY>
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204 </HTML>