Mercurial > mplayer.hg
annotate DOCS/xml/en/mencoder.xml @ 16541:4a9808f6cacc
add some internal links between "codecs supported by mencoder" and
"codecs featured by lavc". Added an audio encoding example.
Moved the "codecs featured by lavc" in 2 shiny new sections (to allow
the internal links to work)
author | gpoirier |
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date | Tue, 20 Sep 2005 19:57:09 +0000 |
parents | cf10f859d829 |
children | 9f89256d3994 |
rev | line source |
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9675 | 1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?> |
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2 <!-- $Revision$ --> |
9675 | 3 <chapter id="mencoder"> |
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4 <title>Basic usage of <application>MEncoder</application></title> |
9675 | 5 |
6 <para> | |
7 For the complete list of available <application>MEncoder</application> options | |
8 and examples, please see the man page. For a series of hands-on examples and | |
9 detailed guides on using several encoding parameters, read the | |
10 <ulink url="../../tech/encoding-tips.txt">encoding-tips</ulink> that were | |
15029 | 11 collected from several mailing list threads on MPlayer-users. Search the |
9675 | 12 <ulink url="http://mplayerhq.hu/pipermail/mplayer-users/">archives</ulink> |
13 for a wealth of discussions about all aspects of and problems related to | |
14 encoding with <application>MEncoder</application>. | |
15 </para> | |
16 | |
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17 <sect1 id="menc-feat-selecting-codec"> |
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18 <title>Selecting codecs and container formats</title> |
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19 |
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20 <para> |
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21 Audio and video codecs for encoding are selected with the |
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22 <option>-oac</option> and <option>-ovc</option> options, respectively. |
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23 The following choices are available, although some may not have been |
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24 enabled at compiletime: |
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25 </para> |
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26 <para> |
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27 Audio Codecs: |
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28 |
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29 <informaltable frame="all"> |
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30 <tgroup cols="2"> |
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31 <thead> |
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32 <row><entry>Audio codec name</entry><entry>Description</entry></row> |
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33 </thead> |
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34 <tbody> |
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35 <row> |
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36 <entry>mp3lame</entry> |
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37 <entry>Encode to VBR, ABR or CBR MP3 with LAME</entry> |
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38 </row> |
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39 <row> |
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40 <entry>lavc</entry> |
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41 <entry>Use one of <link linkend="menc-feat-enc-libavcodec-audio-codecs"><systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem>'s audio codecs</link> |
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42 </entry> |
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43 </row> |
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44 <row> |
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45 <entry>faac</entry> |
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46 <entry>FAAC AAC audio encoder</entry> |
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47 </row> |
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48 <row> |
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49 <entry>toolame</entry> |
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50 <entry>MPEG Audio Layer 2 encoder</entry> |
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51 </row> |
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52 <row> |
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53 <entry>twolame</entry> |
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54 <entry>MPEG Audio Layer 2 encoder based on tooLAME</entry> |
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55 </row> |
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56 <row> |
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57 <entry>pcm</entry> |
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58 <entry>Uncompressed PCM audio</entry> |
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59 </row> |
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60 <row> |
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61 <entry>copy</entry> |
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62 <entry>Do not reencode, just copy compressed frames</entry> |
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63 </row> |
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64 </tbody> |
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65 </tgroup> |
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66 </informaltable> |
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67 </para> |
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68 |
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69 <para> |
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70 Video codecs: |
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71 <informaltable frame="all"> |
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72 <tgroup cols="2"> |
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73 <thead> |
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74 <row><entry>Video codec name</entry><entry>Description</entry></row> |
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75 </thead> |
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76 <tbody> |
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77 <row> |
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78 <entry>lavc</entry> |
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79 <entry>Use one of <link linkend="menc-feat-enc-libavcodec-video-codecs"><systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem>'s video codecs</link> |
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80 </entry> |
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81 </row> |
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82 <row> |
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83 <entry>xvid</entry> |
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84 <entry>XviD, MPEG-4 Advanced Simple Profile codec</entry> |
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85 </row> |
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86 <row> |
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87 <entry>x264</entry> |
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88 <entry>x264, MPEG-4 AVC, aka H.264 codec</entry> |
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89 </row> |
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90 <row> |
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91 <entry>nuv</entry> |
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92 <entry>nuppel video, used by some realtime applications</entry> |
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93 </row> |
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94 <row> |
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95 <entry>raw</entry> |
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96 <entry>Uncompressed video frames</entry> |
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97 </row> |
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98 <row> |
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99 <entry>copy</entry> |
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100 <entry>Do not reencode, just copy compressed frames</entry> |
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101 </row> |
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102 <row> |
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103 <entry>frameno</entry> |
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104 <entry>Used for 3-pass encoding (not recommended)</entry> |
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105 </row> |
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106 </tbody> |
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107 </tgroup> |
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108 </informaltable> |
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109 </para> |
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110 </sect1> |
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111 |
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112 |
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113 <sect1 id="menc-feat-selecting-input"> |
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114 <title>Selecting input file or device</title> |
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115 |
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116 <para> |
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117 <application>MEncoder</application> can encode from files or directly |
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118 from a DVD or VCD disc. |
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119 Simply include the filename on the command line to encode from a file, |
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120 or <option>dvd://</option><replaceable>titlenumber</replaceable> or |
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121 <option>vcd://</option><replaceable>tracknumber</replaceable> to encode |
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122 from a DVD title or VCD track. |
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123 If you have already copied a DVD to your hard drive (you can use a tool |
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124 such as <application>dvdbackup</application>, available on most systems), |
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125 and wish to encode from the copy, you should still use the |
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126 <option>dvd://</option> syntax, along with <option>-dvd-device</option> |
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127 followed by the path to the copied DVD root. |
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128 |
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129 The <option>-dvd-device</option> and <option>-cdrom-device</option> |
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130 options can also be used to override the paths to the device nodes |
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131 for reading directly from disc, if the defaults of |
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132 <filename>/dev/dvd</filename> and <filename>/dev/cdrom</filename> do |
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133 not work on your system. |
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134 </para> |
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135 <para> |
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136 When encoding from DVD, it is often desirable to select a chapter or |
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137 range of chapters to encode. |
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138 You can use the <option>-chapter</option> option for this purpose. |
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139 For example, <option>-chapter</option> <replaceable>1-4</replaceable> |
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140 will only encode chapters 1 through 4 from the DVD. |
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141 This is especially useful if you will be making a 1400 MB encode |
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142 targetted for two CDs, since you can ensure the split occurs exactly |
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143 at a chapter boundary rather than in the middle of a scene. |
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144 </para> |
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145 <para> |
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146 If you have a supported TV capture card, you can also encode from the |
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147 TV-in device. |
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148 Use <option>tv://</option><replaceable>channelnumber</replaceable> as |
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149 the filename, and <option>-tv</option> to configure various capture |
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150 settings. |
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151 DVB input works similarly. |
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152 </para> |
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153 </sect1> |
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154 |
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155 |
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156 <sect1 id="menc-feat-mpeg4"> |
14421 | 157 <title>Encoding two pass MPEG-4 ("DivX")</title> |
9675 | 158 |
159 <para> | |
160 The name comes from the fact that this method encodes the file <emphasis>twice</emphasis>. | |
161 The first encoding (dubbed pass) creates some temporary files | |
162 (<filename>*.log</filename>) with a size of few megabytes, do not delete | |
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163 them yet (you can delete the AVI or rather just not create any video by |
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164 redirecting it into <filename>/dev/null</filename>). |
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165 In the second pass, the two pass output |
9675 | 166 file is created, using the bitrate data from the temporary files. The |
167 resulting file will have much better image quality. If this is the first | |
168 time you heard about this, you should consult some guides available on the | |
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169 net. |
9675 | 170 </para> |
171 | |
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172 <example> |
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173 <title>copy audio track</title> |
9675 | 174 <para> |
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175 Two pass encode of the second track a DVD to an MPEG-4 ("DivX") |
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176 AVI while copying the audio track. |
9675 | 177 <screen> |
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178 mencoder dvd://2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=1 -oac copy -o <replaceable>/dev/null</replaceable> |
11710 | 179 mencoder dvd://2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=2 -oac copy -o <replaceable>movie.avi</replaceable> |
9675 | 180 </screen> |
181 </para> | |
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182 </example> |
9675 | 183 |
184 <example> | |
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185 <title>encode audio track</title> |
9675 | 186 <para> |
14421 | 187 Two pass encode of a DVD to an MPEG-4 ("DivX") AVI while encoding |
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188 the audio track to MP3. |
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189 Be careful using this method as it may lead to audio/video desync in |
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190 some cases. |
9675 | 191 <screen> |
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192 mencoder dvd://2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=1 -oac mp3lame -lameopts vbr=3 -o <replaceable>movie.avi</replaceable> |
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193 mencoder dvd://2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=2 -oac mp3lame -lameopts vbr=3 -o <replaceable>movie.avi</replaceable> |
9675 | 194 </screen> |
195 </para> | |
196 </example> | |
197 </sect1> | |
198 | |
199 <sect1 id="menc-feat-mpeg"> | |
200 <title>Encoding to MPEG format</title> | |
201 <para> | |
202 <application>MEncoder</application> can create MPEG (MPEG-PS) format output | |
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203 files. |
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204 Usually, when you are using MPEG-1 or MPEG-2 video, it is because you are |
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205 encoding for a constrained format such as SVCD, VCD, or DVD. |
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206 The specific requirements for these formats are explained in the |
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207 <link linkend="menc-feat-vcd-dvd"> VCD and DVD creation guide</link> |
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208 section. |
9675 | 209 </para> |
210 | |
211 <para> | |
12578 | 212 To change <application>MEncoder</application>'s output file format, |
11540 | 213 use the <option>-of mpeg</option> option. |
9675 | 214 </para> |
215 | |
216 <para> | |
217 Example: | |
218 <screen> | |
11710 | 219 mencoder -of mpeg -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg1video -oac copy <replaceable>other_options</replaceable> <replaceable>media.avi</replaceable> -o <replaceable>output.mpg</replaceable> |
9675 | 220 </screen> |
221 </para> | |
222 </sect1> | |
223 | |
224 <sect1 id="menc-feat-rescale"> | |
225 <title>Rescaling movies</title> | |
226 | |
227 <para> | |
228 Often the need to resize movie images' size emerges. Its reasons can be | |
229 many: decreasing file size, network bandwidth,etc. Most people even do | |
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230 rescaling when converting DVDs or SVCDs to DivX AVI. If you wish to rescale, |
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231 read the <link linkend="aspect">Preserving aspect ratio</link> section. |
9675 | 232 </para> |
233 | |
234 <para> | |
235 The scaling process is handled by the <literal>scale</literal> video filter: | |
9677 | 236 <option>-vf scale=<replaceable>width</replaceable>:<replaceable>height</replaceable></option>. |
9675 | 237 Its quality can be set with the <option>-sws</option> option. |
15329 | 238 If it is not specified, <application>MEncoder</application> will use 2: bicubic. |
9675 | 239 </para> |
240 | |
241 <para> | |
242 Usage: | |
243 <screen> | |
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244 mencoder <replaceable>input.mpg</replaceable> -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4 -vf scale=640:480 -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable> |
9675 | 245 </screen> |
246 </para> | |
247 </sect1> | |
248 | |
249 | |
250 <sect1 id="menc-feat-streamcopy"> | |
251 <title>Stream copying</title> | |
252 | |
253 <para> | |
254 <application>MEncoder</application> can handle input streams in two ways: | |
255 <emphasis role="bold">encode</emphasis> or <emphasis role="bold">copy</emphasis> | |
256 them. This section is about <emphasis role="bold">copying</emphasis>. | |
257 </para> | |
258 | |
259 <itemizedlist> | |
260 <listitem><para> | |
261 <emphasis role="bold">Video stream</emphasis> (option <option>-ovc copy</option>): | |
262 nice stuff can be done :) Like, putting (not converting!) FLI or VIVO or | |
14024 | 263 MPEG-1 video into an AVI file! Of course only |
9675 | 264 <application>MPlayer</application> can play such files :) And it probably |
265 has no real life value at all. Rationally: video stream copying can be | |
266 useful for example when only the audio stream has to be encoded (like, | |
267 uncompressed PCM to MP3). | |
268 </para></listitem> | |
269 <listitem><para> | |
270 <emphasis role="bold">Audio stream</emphasis> (option <option>-oac copy</option>): | |
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271 straightforward. It is possible to take an external audio file (MP3, |
10429 | 272 WAV) and mux it into the output stream. Use the |
9675 | 273 <option>-audiofile <replaceable>filename</replaceable></option> option |
274 for this. | |
275 </para></listitem> | |
276 </itemizedlist> | |
16228 | 277 |
278 <para> | |
279 Using <option>-oac copy</option> to copy from one container format to | |
280 another may require the use of <option>-fafmttag</option> to keep the | |
281 audio format tag of the original file. | |
282 For example, if you are converting an NSV file with AAC audio to an AVI | |
283 container, the audio format tag will be incorrect and it will have to | |
284 be changed. For a list of audio format tags, check | |
285 <filename>codecs.conf</filename>. | |
286 </para> | |
287 | |
288 <para> | |
289 Example: | |
290 <screen> | |
291 mencoder <replaceable>input.nsv</replaceable> -oac copy -fafmttag 0x706D -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4 -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable> | |
292 </screen> | |
293 </para> | |
294 | |
9675 | 295 </sect1> |
296 | |
297 | |
298 <sect1 id="menc-feat-enc-images"> | |
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299 <title>Encoding from multiple input image files (JPEG, PNG, TGA, SGI)</title> |
9675 | 300 |
301 <para> | |
302 <application>MEncoder</application> is capable of creating movies from one | |
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303 or more JPEG, PNG or TGA files. With simple framecopy it can create MJPEG |
9675 | 304 (Motion JPEG), MPNG (Motion PNG) or MTGA (Motion TGA) files. |
305 </para> | |
306 | |
307 <orderedlist> | |
308 <title>Explanation of the process:</title> | |
309 <listitem><para> | |
310 <application>MEncoder</application> <emphasis>decodes</emphasis> the input image(s) with | |
311 <systemitem class="library">libjpeg</systemitem> (when decoding PNGs, it | |
312 will use <systemitem class="library">libpng</systemitem>). | |
313 </para></listitem> | |
314 <listitem><para> | |
315 <application>MEncoder</application> then feeds the decoded image to the | |
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316 chosen video compressor (DivX4, XviD, FFmpeg msmpeg4, etc.). |
9675 | 317 </para></listitem> |
318 </orderedlist> | |
319 | |
320 <formalpara> | |
321 <title>Examples</title> | |
322 <para> | |
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323 The explanation of the <option>-mf</option> option is in the man page. |
9675 | 324 |
325 <informalexample> | |
326 <para> | |
14024 | 327 Creating an MPEG-4 file from all the JPEG files in the current directory: |
9675 | 328 <screen> |
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329 mencoder mf://*.jpg -mf w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=jpg -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4 -oac copy -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable> |
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330 </screen> |
9675 | 331 </para> |
332 </informalexample> | |
333 | |
334 <informalexample> | |
335 <para> | |
14024 | 336 Creating an MPEG-4 file from some JPEG files in the current directory: |
9675 | 337 <screen> |
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338 mencoder mf://<replaceable>frame001.jpg,frame002.jpg</replaceable> -mf w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=jpg -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4 -oac copy -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable> |
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339 </screen> |
9675 | 340 </para> |
341 </informalexample> | |
342 | |
343 <informalexample> | |
344 <para> | |
345 Creating a Motion JPEG (MJPEG) file from all the JPEG files in the current | |
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346 directory: |
9675 | 347 <screen> |
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348 mencoder mf://*.jpg -mf w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=jpg -ovc copy -oac copy -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable> |
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349 </screen> |
9675 | 350 </para> |
351 </informalexample> | |
352 | |
353 <informalexample> | |
354 <para> | |
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355 Creating an uncompressed file from all the PNG files in the current directory: |
9675 | 356 <screen> |
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357 mencoder mf:// -mf w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=png -ovc raw -oac copy -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable> |
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358 </screen> |
9675 | 359 </para> |
360 </informalexample> | |
361 | |
362 <note><para> | |
15329 | 363 Width must be integer multiple of 4, it is a limitation of the RAW RGB AVI format. |
9675 | 364 </para></note> |
365 | |
366 <informalexample> | |
367 <para> | |
368 Creating a Motion PNG (MPNG) file from all the PNG files in the current | |
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369 directory: |
9675 | 370 <screen> |
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371 mencoder mf://*.png -mf w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=png -ovc copy -oac copy -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable> <!-- |
9675 | 372 --></screen> |
373 </para> | |
374 </informalexample> | |
375 | |
376 <informalexample> | |
377 <para> | |
378 Creating a Motion TGA (MTGA) file from all the TGA files in the current | |
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379 directory: |
9675 | 380 <screen> |
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381 mencoder mf://*.tga -mf w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=tga -ovc copy -oac copy -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable><!-- |
9675 | 382 --></screen> |
383 </para> | |
384 </informalexample> | |
385 | |
386 </para> | |
387 </formalpara> | |
388 </sect1> | |
389 | |
390 | |
391 <sect1 id="menc-feat-extractsub"> | |
12615 | 392 <title>Extracting DVD subtitles to VOBsub file</title> |
9675 | 393 |
394 <para> | |
395 <application>MEncoder</application> is capable of extracting subtitles from | |
12615 | 396 a DVD into VOBsub formatted files. They consist of a pair of files ending in |
9675 | 397 <filename>.idx</filename> and <filename>.sub</filename> and are usually |
398 packaged in a single <filename>.rar</filename> archive. | |
399 <application>MPlayer</application> can play these with the | |
400 <option>-vobsub</option> and <option>-vobsubid</option> options. | |
401 </para> | |
402 | |
403 <para> | |
404 You specify the basename (i.e without the <filename>.idx</filename> or | |
405 <filename>.sub</filename> extension) of the output files with | |
406 <option>-vobsubout</option> and the index for this subtitle in the | |
407 resulting files with <option>-vobsuboutindex</option>. | |
408 </para> | |
409 | |
410 <para> | |
411 If the input is not from a DVD you should use <option>-ifo</option> to | |
412 indicate the <filename>.ifo</filename> file needed to construct the | |
413 resulting <filename>.idx</filename> file. | |
414 </para> | |
415 | |
416 <para> | |
417 If the input is not from a DVD and you do not have the | |
418 <filename>.ifo</filename> file you will need to use the | |
419 <option>-vobsubid</option> option to let it know what language id to put in | |
420 the <filename>.idx</filename> file. | |
421 </para> | |
422 | |
423 <para> | |
424 Each run will append the running subtitle if the <filename>.idx</filename> | |
425 and <filename>.sub</filename> files already exist. So you should remove any | |
426 before starting. | |
427 </para> | |
428 | |
429 <example> | |
14421 | 430 <title>Copying two subtitles from a DVD while doing two pass encoding</title> |
9675 | 431 <screen> |
432 rm subtitles.idx subtitles.sub | |
12776 | 433 mencoder dvd://1 -oac copy -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=1 -vobsubout subtitles -vobsuboutindex 0 -sid 2 |
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434 mencoder dvd://1 -oac copy -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=2 -vobsubout subtitles -vobsuboutindex 1 -sid 5<!-- |
9675 | 435 --></screen> |
436 </example> | |
437 | |
438 <example> | |
439 <title>Copying a french subtitle from an MPEG file</title> | |
440 <screen> | |
441 rm subtitles.idx subtitles.sub | |
15492 | 442 mencoder <replaceable>movie.mpg</replaceable> -ifo <replaceable>movie.ifo</replaceable> -vobsubout subtitles -vobsuboutindex 0 -vobsuboutid fr -sid 1 -nosound -ovc copy |
443 </screen> | |
9675 | 444 </example> |
445 | |
446 </sect1> | |
447 | |
448 <sect1 id="aspect"> | |
449 <title>Preserving aspect ratio</title> | |
450 <para> | |
14024 | 451 DVDs and SVCDs (i.e. MPEG-1/2) files contain an aspect ratio value, which |
15329 | 452 describes how the player should scale the video stream, so humans will not |
9675 | 453 have egg heads (ex.: 480x480 + 4:3 = 640x480). However when encoding to AVI |
15329 | 454 (DivX) files, you have be aware that AVI headers do not store this value. |
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455 Rescaling the movie is disgusting and time consuming, there has to be a better |
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456 way! |
9675 | 457 </para> |
458 | |
459 <para>There is</para> | |
460 | |
461 <para> | |
14024 | 462 MPEG-4 has an unique feature: the video stream can contain its needed aspect |
463 ratio. Yes, just like MPEG-1/2 (DVD, SVCD) and H.263 files. Regretfully, there are | |
9675 | 464 <emphasis role="bold">no</emphasis> video players outside which support this |
14024 | 465 attribute of MPEG-4, except <application>MPlayer</application>. |
9675 | 466 </para> |
467 | |
468 <para> | |
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469 This feature can be used only with |
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470 <link linkend="ffmpeg"><systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem></link>'s |
10869 | 471 <systemitem>mpeg4</systemitem> codec. Keep in mind: although |
472 <application>MPlayer</application> will correctly play the created file, | |
473 other players will use the wrong aspect ratio. | |
9675 | 474 </para> |
475 | |
476 <para> | |
477 You seriously should crop the black bands over and below the movie image. | |
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478 See the man page for the usage of the <systemitem>cropdetect</systemitem> and |
9675 | 479 <systemitem>crop</systemitem> filters. |
480 </para> | |
481 | |
482 <para> | |
10869 | 483 Usage |
11710 | 484 <screen>mencoder <replaceable>sample-svcd.mpg</replaceable> -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:autoaspect -vf crop=714:548:0:14 -oac copy -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable></screen> |
9675 | 485 </para> |
10869 | 486 </sect1> |
487 | |
9675 | 488 </chapter> |