Mercurial > mplayer.hg
annotate DOCS/xml/en/mencoder.xml @ 16534:cf10f859d829
Lists main A/V codecs supported by MEncoder, talks about how to select an imput file for encoding.
Taken from D. Richard Felker III The Great's encoding guide
author | gpoirier |
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date | Mon, 19 Sep 2005 21:42:00 +0000 |
parents | 88ed8890152c |
children | 4a9808f6cacc |
rev | line source |
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9675 | 1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?> |
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2 <!-- $Revision$ --> |
9675 | 3 <chapter id="mencoder"> |
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4 <title>Basic usage of <application>MEncoder</application></title> |
9675 | 5 |
6 <para> | |
7 For the complete list of available <application>MEncoder</application> options | |
8 and examples, please see the man page. For a series of hands-on examples and | |
9 detailed guides on using several encoding parameters, read the | |
10 <ulink url="../../tech/encoding-tips.txt">encoding-tips</ulink> that were | |
15029 | 11 collected from several mailing list threads on MPlayer-users. Search the |
9675 | 12 <ulink url="http://mplayerhq.hu/pipermail/mplayer-users/">archives</ulink> |
13 for a wealth of discussions about all aspects of and problems related to | |
14 encoding with <application>MEncoder</application>. | |
15 </para> | |
16 | |
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17 <sect1 id="menc-feat-selecting-codec"> |
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18 <title>Selecting codecs and container formats</title> |
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19 |
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20 <para> |
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21 Audio and video codecs for encoding are selected with the |
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22 <option>-oac</option> and <option>-ovc</option> options, respectively. |
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23 The following choices are available, although some may not have been |
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24 enabled at compiletime: |
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25 </para> |
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26 <para> |
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27 Audio Codecs: |
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28 |
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29 <informaltable frame="all"> |
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30 <tgroup cols="2"> |
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31 <thead> |
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32 <row><entry>Audio codec name</entry><entry>Description</entry></row> |
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33 </thead> |
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34 <tbody> |
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35 <row> |
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36 <entry>mp3lame</entry> |
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37 <entry>Encode to VBR, ABR or CBR MP3 with LAME</entry> |
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38 </row> |
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39 <row> |
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40 <entry>lavc</entry> |
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41 <entry>Use one of libavcodec's audio encoders</entry> |
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42 </row> |
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43 <row> |
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44 <entry>faac</entry> |
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45 <entry>FAAC AAC audio encoder</entry> |
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46 </row> |
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47 <row> |
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48 <entry>toolame</entry> |
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49 <entry>MPEG Audio Layer 2 encoder</entry> |
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50 </row> |
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51 <row> |
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52 <entry>twolame</entry> |
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53 <entry>MPEG Audio Layer 2 encoder based on tooLAME</entry> |
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54 </row> |
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55 <row> |
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56 <entry>pcm</entry> |
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57 <entry>Uncompressed PCM audio</entry> |
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58 </row> |
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59 <row> |
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60 <entry>copy</entry> |
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61 <entry>Do not reencode, just copy compressed frames</entry> |
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62 </row> |
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63 </tbody> |
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64 </tgroup> |
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65 </informaltable> |
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66 </para> |
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67 |
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68 <para> |
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69 Video codecs: |
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70 <informaltable frame="all"> |
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71 <tgroup cols="2"> |
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72 <thead> |
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73 <row><entry>Video codec name</entry><entry>Description</entry></row> |
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74 </thead> |
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75 <tbody> |
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76 <row> |
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77 <entry>lavc</entry> |
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78 <entry>Use one of libavcodec's video encoders</entry> |
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79 </row> |
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80 <row> |
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81 <entry>xvid</entry> |
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82 <entry>XviD, MPEG-4 Advanced Simple Profile codec</entry> |
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83 </row> |
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84 <row> |
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85 <entry>x264</entry> |
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86 <entry>x264, MPEG-4 AVC, aka H.264 codec</entry> |
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87 </row> |
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88 <row> |
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89 <entry>nuv</entry> |
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90 <entry>nuppel video, used by some realtime applications</entry> |
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91 </row> |
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92 <row> |
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93 <entry>raw</entry> |
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94 <entry>Uncompressed video frames</entry> |
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95 </row> |
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96 <row> |
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97 <entry>copy</entry> |
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98 <entry>Do not reencode, just copy compressed frames</entry> |
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99 </row> |
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100 <row> |
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101 <entry>frameno</entry> |
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102 <entry>Used for 3-pass encoding (not recommended)</entry> |
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103 </row> |
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104 </tbody> |
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105 </tgroup> |
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106 </informaltable> |
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107 </para> |
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108 </sect1> |
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109 |
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110 |
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111 <sect1 id="menc-feat-selecting-input"> |
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112 <title>Selecting input file or device</title> |
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113 |
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114 <para> |
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115 <application>MEncoder</application> can encode from files or directly |
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116 from a DVD or VCD disc. |
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117 Simply include the filename on the command line to encode from a file, |
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118 or <option>dvd://</option><replaceable>titlenumber</replaceable> or |
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119 <option>vcd://</option><replaceable>tracknumber</replaceable> to encode |
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120 from a DVD title or VCD track. |
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121 If you have already copied a DVD to your hard drive (you can use a tool |
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122 such as <application>dvdbackup</application>, available on most systems), |
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123 and wish to encode from the copy, you should still use the |
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124 <option>dvd://</option> syntax, along with <option>-dvd-device</option> |
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125 followed by the path to the copied DVD root. |
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126 |
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127 The <option>-dvd-device</option> and <option>-cdrom-device</option> |
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128 options can also be used to override the paths to the device nodes |
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129 for reading directly from disc, if the defaults of |
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130 <filename>/dev/dvd</filename> and <filename>/dev/cdrom</filename> do |
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131 not work on your system. |
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132 </para> |
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133 <para> |
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134 When encoding from DVD, it is often desirable to select a chapter or |
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135 range of chapters to encode. |
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136 You can use the <option>-chapter</option> option for this purpose. |
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137 For example, <option>-chapter</option> <replaceable>1-4</replaceable> |
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138 will only encode chapters 1 through 4 from the DVD. |
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139 This is especially useful if you will be making a 1400 MB encode |
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140 targetted for two CDs, since you can ensure the split occurs exactly |
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141 at a chapter boundary rather than in the middle of a scene. |
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142 </para> |
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143 <para> |
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144 If you have a supported TV capture card, you can also encode from the |
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145 TV-in device. |
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146 Use <option>tv://</option><replaceable>channelnumber</replaceable> as |
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147 the filename, and <option>-tv</option> to configure various capture |
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148 settings. |
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149 DVB input works similarly. |
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150 </para> |
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151 </sect1> |
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152 |
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153 |
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154 <sect1 id="menc-feat-mpeg4"> |
14421 | 155 <title>Encoding two pass MPEG-4 ("DivX")</title> |
9675 | 156 |
157 <para> | |
158 The name comes from the fact that this method encodes the file <emphasis>twice</emphasis>. | |
159 The first encoding (dubbed pass) creates some temporary files | |
160 (<filename>*.log</filename>) with a size of few megabytes, do not delete | |
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161 them yet (you can delete the AVI or rather just not create any video by |
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162 redirecting it into <filename>/dev/null</filename>). |
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163 In the second pass, the two pass output |
9675 | 164 file is created, using the bitrate data from the temporary files. The |
165 resulting file will have much better image quality. If this is the first | |
166 time you heard about this, you should consult some guides available on the | |
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167 net. |
9675 | 168 </para> |
169 | |
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170 <example> |
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171 <title>copy audio track</title> |
9675 | 172 <para> |
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173 Two pass encode of the second track a DVD to an MPEG-4 ("DivX") |
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174 AVI while copying the audio track. |
9675 | 175 <screen> |
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176 mencoder dvd://2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=1 -oac copy -o <replaceable>/dev/null</replaceable> |
11710 | 177 mencoder dvd://2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=2 -oac copy -o <replaceable>movie.avi</replaceable> |
9675 | 178 </screen> |
179 </para> | |
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180 </example> |
9675 | 181 |
182 <example> | |
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183 <title>encode audio track</title> |
9675 | 184 <para> |
14421 | 185 Two pass encode of a DVD to an MPEG-4 ("DivX") AVI while encoding |
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186 the audio track to MP3. |
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187 Be careful using this method as it may lead to audio/video desync in |
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188 some cases. |
9675 | 189 <screen> |
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190 mencoder dvd://2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=1 -oac mp3lame -lameopts vbr=3 -o <replaceable>movie.avi</replaceable> |
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191 mencoder dvd://2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=2 -oac mp3lame -lameopts vbr=3 -o <replaceable>movie.avi</replaceable> |
9675 | 192 </screen> |
193 </para> | |
194 </example> | |
195 </sect1> | |
196 | |
197 <sect1 id="menc-feat-mpeg"> | |
198 <title>Encoding to MPEG format</title> | |
199 <para> | |
200 <application>MEncoder</application> can create MPEG (MPEG-PS) format output | |
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201 files. |
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202 Usually, when you are using MPEG-1 or MPEG-2 video, it is because you are |
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203 encoding for a constrained format such as SVCD, VCD, or DVD. |
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204 The specific requirements for these formats are explained in the |
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205 <link linkend="menc-feat-vcd-dvd"> VCD and DVD creation guide</link> |
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206 section. |
9675 | 207 </para> |
208 | |
209 <para> | |
12578 | 210 To change <application>MEncoder</application>'s output file format, |
11540 | 211 use the <option>-of mpeg</option> option. |
9675 | 212 </para> |
213 | |
214 <para> | |
215 Example: | |
216 <screen> | |
11710 | 217 mencoder -of mpeg -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg1video -oac copy <replaceable>other_options</replaceable> <replaceable>media.avi</replaceable> -o <replaceable>output.mpg</replaceable> |
9675 | 218 </screen> |
219 </para> | |
220 </sect1> | |
221 | |
222 <sect1 id="menc-feat-rescale"> | |
223 <title>Rescaling movies</title> | |
224 | |
225 <para> | |
226 Often the need to resize movie images' size emerges. Its reasons can be | |
227 many: decreasing file size, network bandwidth,etc. Most people even do | |
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228 rescaling when converting DVDs or SVCDs to DivX AVI. If you wish to rescale, |
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229 read the <link linkend="aspect">Preserving aspect ratio</link> section. |
9675 | 230 </para> |
231 | |
232 <para> | |
233 The scaling process is handled by the <literal>scale</literal> video filter: | |
9677 | 234 <option>-vf scale=<replaceable>width</replaceable>:<replaceable>height</replaceable></option>. |
9675 | 235 Its quality can be set with the <option>-sws</option> option. |
15329 | 236 If it is not specified, <application>MEncoder</application> will use 2: bicubic. |
9675 | 237 </para> |
238 | |
239 <para> | |
240 Usage: | |
241 <screen> | |
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242 mencoder <replaceable>input.mpg</replaceable> -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4 -vf scale=640:480 -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable> |
9675 | 243 </screen> |
244 </para> | |
245 </sect1> | |
246 | |
247 | |
248 <sect1 id="menc-feat-streamcopy"> | |
249 <title>Stream copying</title> | |
250 | |
251 <para> | |
252 <application>MEncoder</application> can handle input streams in two ways: | |
253 <emphasis role="bold">encode</emphasis> or <emphasis role="bold">copy</emphasis> | |
254 them. This section is about <emphasis role="bold">copying</emphasis>. | |
255 </para> | |
256 | |
257 <itemizedlist> | |
258 <listitem><para> | |
259 <emphasis role="bold">Video stream</emphasis> (option <option>-ovc copy</option>): | |
260 nice stuff can be done :) Like, putting (not converting!) FLI or VIVO or | |
14024 | 261 MPEG-1 video into an AVI file! Of course only |
9675 | 262 <application>MPlayer</application> can play such files :) And it probably |
263 has no real life value at all. Rationally: video stream copying can be | |
264 useful for example when only the audio stream has to be encoded (like, | |
265 uncompressed PCM to MP3). | |
266 </para></listitem> | |
267 <listitem><para> | |
268 <emphasis role="bold">Audio stream</emphasis> (option <option>-oac copy</option>): | |
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269 straightforward. It is possible to take an external audio file (MP3, |
10429 | 270 WAV) and mux it into the output stream. Use the |
9675 | 271 <option>-audiofile <replaceable>filename</replaceable></option> option |
272 for this. | |
273 </para></listitem> | |
274 </itemizedlist> | |
16228 | 275 |
276 <para> | |
277 Using <option>-oac copy</option> to copy from one container format to | |
278 another may require the use of <option>-fafmttag</option> to keep the | |
279 audio format tag of the original file. | |
280 For example, if you are converting an NSV file with AAC audio to an AVI | |
281 container, the audio format tag will be incorrect and it will have to | |
282 be changed. For a list of audio format tags, check | |
283 <filename>codecs.conf</filename>. | |
284 </para> | |
285 | |
286 <para> | |
287 Example: | |
288 <screen> | |
289 mencoder <replaceable>input.nsv</replaceable> -oac copy -fafmttag 0x706D -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4 -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable> | |
290 </screen> | |
291 </para> | |
292 | |
9675 | 293 </sect1> |
294 | |
295 | |
296 <sect1 id="menc-feat-enc-images"> | |
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297 <title>Encoding from multiple input image files (JPEG, PNG, TGA, SGI)</title> |
9675 | 298 |
299 <para> | |
300 <application>MEncoder</application> is capable of creating movies from one | |
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301 or more JPEG, PNG or TGA files. With simple framecopy it can create MJPEG |
9675 | 302 (Motion JPEG), MPNG (Motion PNG) or MTGA (Motion TGA) files. |
303 </para> | |
304 | |
305 <orderedlist> | |
306 <title>Explanation of the process:</title> | |
307 <listitem><para> | |
308 <application>MEncoder</application> <emphasis>decodes</emphasis> the input image(s) with | |
309 <systemitem class="library">libjpeg</systemitem> (when decoding PNGs, it | |
310 will use <systemitem class="library">libpng</systemitem>). | |
311 </para></listitem> | |
312 <listitem><para> | |
313 <application>MEncoder</application> then feeds the decoded image to the | |
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314 chosen video compressor (DivX4, XviD, FFmpeg msmpeg4, etc.). |
9675 | 315 </para></listitem> |
316 </orderedlist> | |
317 | |
318 <formalpara> | |
319 <title>Examples</title> | |
320 <para> | |
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321 The explanation of the <option>-mf</option> option is in the man page. |
9675 | 322 |
323 <informalexample> | |
324 <para> | |
14024 | 325 Creating an MPEG-4 file from all the JPEG files in the current directory: |
9675 | 326 <screen> |
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327 mencoder mf://*.jpg -mf w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=jpg -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4 -oac copy -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable> |
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328 </screen> |
9675 | 329 </para> |
330 </informalexample> | |
331 | |
332 <informalexample> | |
333 <para> | |
14024 | 334 Creating an MPEG-4 file from some JPEG files in the current directory: |
9675 | 335 <screen> |
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336 mencoder mf://<replaceable>frame001.jpg,frame002.jpg</replaceable> -mf w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=jpg -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4 -oac copy -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable> |
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337 </screen> |
9675 | 338 </para> |
339 </informalexample> | |
340 | |
341 <informalexample> | |
342 <para> | |
343 Creating a Motion JPEG (MJPEG) file from all the JPEG files in the current | |
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344 directory: |
9675 | 345 <screen> |
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346 mencoder mf://*.jpg -mf w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=jpg -ovc copy -oac copy -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable> |
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347 </screen> |
9675 | 348 </para> |
349 </informalexample> | |
350 | |
351 <informalexample> | |
352 <para> | |
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353 Creating an uncompressed file from all the PNG files in the current directory: |
9675 | 354 <screen> |
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355 mencoder mf:// -mf w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=png -ovc raw -oac copy -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable> |
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356 </screen> |
9675 | 357 </para> |
358 </informalexample> | |
359 | |
360 <note><para> | |
15329 | 361 Width must be integer multiple of 4, it is a limitation of the RAW RGB AVI format. |
9675 | 362 </para></note> |
363 | |
364 <informalexample> | |
365 <para> | |
366 Creating a Motion PNG (MPNG) file from all the PNG files in the current | |
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367 directory: |
9675 | 368 <screen> |
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369 mencoder mf://*.png -mf w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=png -ovc copy -oac copy -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable> <!-- |
9675 | 370 --></screen> |
371 </para> | |
372 </informalexample> | |
373 | |
374 <informalexample> | |
375 <para> | |
376 Creating a Motion TGA (MTGA) file from all the TGA files in the current | |
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377 directory: |
9675 | 378 <screen> |
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379 mencoder mf://*.tga -mf w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=tga -ovc copy -oac copy -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable><!-- |
9675 | 380 --></screen> |
381 </para> | |
382 </informalexample> | |
383 | |
384 </para> | |
385 </formalpara> | |
386 </sect1> | |
387 | |
388 | |
389 <sect1 id="menc-feat-extractsub"> | |
12615 | 390 <title>Extracting DVD subtitles to VOBsub file</title> |
9675 | 391 |
392 <para> | |
393 <application>MEncoder</application> is capable of extracting subtitles from | |
12615 | 394 a DVD into VOBsub formatted files. They consist of a pair of files ending in |
9675 | 395 <filename>.idx</filename> and <filename>.sub</filename> and are usually |
396 packaged in a single <filename>.rar</filename> archive. | |
397 <application>MPlayer</application> can play these with the | |
398 <option>-vobsub</option> and <option>-vobsubid</option> options. | |
399 </para> | |
400 | |
401 <para> | |
402 You specify the basename (i.e without the <filename>.idx</filename> or | |
403 <filename>.sub</filename> extension) of the output files with | |
404 <option>-vobsubout</option> and the index for this subtitle in the | |
405 resulting files with <option>-vobsuboutindex</option>. | |
406 </para> | |
407 | |
408 <para> | |
409 If the input is not from a DVD you should use <option>-ifo</option> to | |
410 indicate the <filename>.ifo</filename> file needed to construct the | |
411 resulting <filename>.idx</filename> file. | |
412 </para> | |
413 | |
414 <para> | |
415 If the input is not from a DVD and you do not have the | |
416 <filename>.ifo</filename> file you will need to use the | |
417 <option>-vobsubid</option> option to let it know what language id to put in | |
418 the <filename>.idx</filename> file. | |
419 </para> | |
420 | |
421 <para> | |
422 Each run will append the running subtitle if the <filename>.idx</filename> | |
423 and <filename>.sub</filename> files already exist. So you should remove any | |
424 before starting. | |
425 </para> | |
426 | |
427 <example> | |
14421 | 428 <title>Copying two subtitles from a DVD while doing two pass encoding</title> |
9675 | 429 <screen> |
430 rm subtitles.idx subtitles.sub | |
12776 | 431 mencoder dvd://1 -oac copy -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=1 -vobsubout subtitles -vobsuboutindex 0 -sid 2 |
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432 mencoder dvd://1 -oac copy -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=2 -vobsubout subtitles -vobsuboutindex 1 -sid 5<!-- |
9675 | 433 --></screen> |
434 </example> | |
435 | |
436 <example> | |
437 <title>Copying a french subtitle from an MPEG file</title> | |
438 <screen> | |
439 rm subtitles.idx subtitles.sub | |
15492 | 440 mencoder <replaceable>movie.mpg</replaceable> -ifo <replaceable>movie.ifo</replaceable> -vobsubout subtitles -vobsuboutindex 0 -vobsuboutid fr -sid 1 -nosound -ovc copy |
441 </screen> | |
9675 | 442 </example> |
443 | |
444 </sect1> | |
445 | |
446 <sect1 id="aspect"> | |
447 <title>Preserving aspect ratio</title> | |
448 <para> | |
14024 | 449 DVDs and SVCDs (i.e. MPEG-1/2) files contain an aspect ratio value, which |
15329 | 450 describes how the player should scale the video stream, so humans will not |
9675 | 451 have egg heads (ex.: 480x480 + 4:3 = 640x480). However when encoding to AVI |
15329 | 452 (DivX) files, you have be aware that AVI headers do not store this value. |
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453 Rescaling the movie is disgusting and time consuming, there has to be a better |
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454 way! |
9675 | 455 </para> |
456 | |
457 <para>There is</para> | |
458 | |
459 <para> | |
14024 | 460 MPEG-4 has an unique feature: the video stream can contain its needed aspect |
461 ratio. Yes, just like MPEG-1/2 (DVD, SVCD) and H.263 files. Regretfully, there are | |
9675 | 462 <emphasis role="bold">no</emphasis> video players outside which support this |
14024 | 463 attribute of MPEG-4, except <application>MPlayer</application>. |
9675 | 464 </para> |
465 | |
466 <para> | |
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467 This feature can be used only with |
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468 <link linkend="ffmpeg"><systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem></link>'s |
10869 | 469 <systemitem>mpeg4</systemitem> codec. Keep in mind: although |
470 <application>MPlayer</application> will correctly play the created file, | |
471 other players will use the wrong aspect ratio. | |
9675 | 472 </para> |
473 | |
474 <para> | |
475 You seriously should crop the black bands over and below the movie image. | |
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476 See the man page for the usage of the <systemitem>cropdetect</systemitem> and |
9675 | 477 <systemitem>crop</systemitem> filters. |
478 </para> | |
479 | |
480 <para> | |
10869 | 481 Usage |
11710 | 482 <screen>mencoder <replaceable>sample-svcd.mpg</replaceable> -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:autoaspect -vf crop=714:548:0:14 -oac copy -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable></screen> |
9675 | 483 </para> |
10869 | 484 </sect1> |
485 | |
9675 | 486 </chapter> |