Mercurial > mplayer.hg
annotate DOCS/xml/it/video.xml @ 24683:4b65a32d215f
sync'd up to r24056
author | ptt |
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date | Thu, 04 Oct 2007 17:50:35 +0000 |
parents | 9e0142e0c121 |
children | 2a841505dc1f |
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1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> |
24683 | 2 <!-- synced with r24056 --> |
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3 <chapter id="video"> |
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4 <title>Dispositivi di uscita video</title> |
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5 |
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6 <sect1 id="mtrr"> |
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7 <title>Impostare gli MTRR</title> |
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8 |
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9 <para> |
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10 Si consiglia vivamente di controllare che i registri MTRR siano impostati |
23775 | 11 correttamente, al fine di migliorare molto le prestazioni. |
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12 </para> |
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13 |
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14 <para> |
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15 Fai un <command>cat /proc/mtrr</command>: |
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16 <screen> |
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17 <prompt>--($:~)--</prompt> cat /proc/mtrr |
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18 reg00: base=0xe4000000 (3648MB), size= 16MB: write-combining, count=9 |
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19 reg01: base=0xd8000000 (3456MB), size= 128MB: write-combining, count=1<!-- |
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20 --></screen> |
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21 </para> |
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22 |
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23 <para> |
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24 E' giusto, mostra la mia Matrox G400 con 16MB di memoria. L'ho fatto da |
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25 XFree 4.x.x, che imposta i registri MTRR automaticamente. |
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26 </para> |
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27 |
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28 <para> |
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29 Se non ha funzionato, devi farlo a mano. Per prima cosa, devi trovare |
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30 l'indirizzo di base. Hai 3 modi per trovarlo: |
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31 |
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32 <orderedlist> |
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33 <listitem><para> |
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34 dai messaggi di avvio di X11, per esempio: |
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35 <screen> |
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36 (--) SVGA: PCI: Matrox MGA G400 AGP rev 4, Memory @ 0xd8000000, 0xd4000000 |
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37 (--) SVGA: Linear framebuffer at 0xD8000000<!-- |
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38 --></screen> |
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39 </para></listitem> |
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40 <listitem><para> |
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41 da <filename>/proc/pci</filename> (usa il comando |
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42 <command>lspci -v</command>): |
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43 <screen> |
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44 01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: Matrox Graphics, Inc.: Unknown device 0525 |
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45 Memory at d8000000 (32-bit, prefetchable)<!-- |
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46 --></screen> |
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47 </para></listitem> |
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48 <listitem><para> |
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49 dai messaggi del driver del kernel mga_vid (usa <command>dmesg</command>): |
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50 <screen>mga_mem_base = d8000000</screen> |
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51 </para></listitem> |
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52 </orderedlist> |
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53 </para> |
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54 |
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55 <para> |
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56 Ora troviamo la dimensione della memoria. Questo è molto facile, converti |
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57 semplicemente la video RAM in esadecimale, o usa questa tabella: |
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58 <informaltable frame="none"> |
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59 <tgroup cols="2"> |
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60 <tbody> |
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61 <row><entry>1 MB</entry><entry>0x100000</entry></row> |
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62 <row><entry>2 MB</entry><entry>0x200000</entry></row> |
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63 <row><entry>4 MB</entry><entry>0x400000</entry></row> |
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64 <row><entry>8 MB</entry><entry>0x800000</entry></row> |
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65 <row><entry>16 MB</entry><entry>0x1000000</entry></row> |
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66 <row><entry>32 MB</entry><entry>0x2000000</entry></row> |
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67 </tbody> |
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68 </tgroup> |
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69 </informaltable> |
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70 </para> |
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71 |
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72 <para> |
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73 Ora che sai l'indirizzo di base e la dimensione della memoria, impostiamo i |
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74 registri MTRR! |
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75 Per esempio, per la scheda Matrox suddetta (<literal>base=0xd8000000</literal>) |
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76 con 32MB di ram (<literal>size=0x2000000</literal>) esegui semplicemente: |
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77 <screen> |
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78 echo "base=0xd8000000 size=0x2000000 type=write-combining" > /proc/mtrr |
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79 </screen> |
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80 </para> |
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81 |
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82 <para> |
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83 Non tutte le CPU hanno gli MTRR. Per esempio le CPU K6-2 più vecchie (intorno |
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84 ai 266MHz, stepping 0) non hanno degli MTRR, ma gli stepping 12 invece sì |
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85 (esegui <command>cat /proc/cpuinfo</command> per verificarlo). |
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86 </para> |
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87 </sect1> |
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88 |
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89 |
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90 <!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --> |
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91 |
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92 |
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93 <sect1 id="xv"> |
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94 <title>Xv</title> |
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95 |
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96 <para> |
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97 In XFree86 4.0.2 o successivi, puoi utilizzare le funzioni YUV hardware della |
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98 tua scheda usando l'estensione XVideo. Questo è quello che fa l'opzione |
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99 <option>-vo xv</option>. Inoltre, il driver supporta l'impostazione di |
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100 luminosità/contrasto/tonalità/etc (a meno che tu non usi il vecchio e |
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101 lento codec DirectShow DivX, che le supporta ovunque), vedi la pagina man. |
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102 </para> |
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103 |
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104 <para> |
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105 In order to make this work, be sure to check the following: |
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106 Per far sì che funzioni, assicurati di controllare le seguenti: |
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107 |
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108 <orderedlist> |
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109 <listitem><para> |
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110 Che tu usi XFree86 4.0.2 o superiore (le versioni precedenti non hanno XVideo) |
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111 </para></listitem> |
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112 <listitem><para> |
23775 | 113 Che la tua scheda supporti l'accelerazione hardware (le schede moderne |
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114 la supportano) |
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115 </para></listitem> |
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116 <listitem><para> |
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117 Che X carichi l'estensione XVideo, è un qualcosa del genere: |
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118 <programlisting>(II) Loading extension XVideo</programlisting> |
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119 in <filename>/var/log/XFree86.0.log</filename> |
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120 <note><para> |
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121 Questo carica solo l'estensione per XFree86. In una buona installazione |
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122 viene sempre caricata, e non significa che il supporto per l'XVideo della |
23775 | 123 <emphasis role="bold">scheda</emphasis> sia presente! |
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124 </para></note> |
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125 </para></listitem> |
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126 <listitem><para> |
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127 Che la tua scheda abbia il supporto Xv sotto Linux. Per controllare, prova con |
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128 <command>xvinfo</command>, è parte della distribuzione di XFree86. Dovrebbe |
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129 mostrarti un lungo testo, simile al seguente: |
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130 <screen> |
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131 X-Video Extension version 2.2 |
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132 screen #0 |
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133 Adaptor #0: "Savage Streams Engine" |
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134 number of ports: 1 |
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135 port base: 43 |
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136 operations supported: PutImage |
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137 supported visuals: |
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138 depth 16, visualID 0x22 |
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139 depth 16, visualID 0x23 |
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140 number of attributes: 5 |
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141 (...) |
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142 Number of image formats: 7 |
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143 id: 0x32595559 (YUY2) |
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144 guid: 59555932-0000-0010-8000-00aa00389b71 |
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145 bits per pixel: 16 |
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146 number of planes: 1 |
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147 type: YUV (packed) |
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148 id: 0x32315659 (YV12) |
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149 guid: 59563132-0000-0010-8000-00aa00389b71 |
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150 bits per pixel: 12 |
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151 number of planes: 3 |
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152 type: YUV (planar) |
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153 (...etc...)<!-- |
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154 --></screen> |
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155 Deve supportare i formati pixel YUY2 packed e YV12 planar per poter essere |
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156 utilizzabile con <application>MPlayer</application>. |
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157 </para></listitem> |
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158 <listitem><para> |
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159 E infine, controlla che <application>MPlayer</application> sia stato compilato |
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160 col supporto per 'xv'. Lancia un <command>mplayer -vo help | grep xv </command>. |
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161 Se il supporto per 'xv' è compilato, dovrebbe uscire una linea come la |
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162 seguente: |
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163 <screen> xv X11/Xv</screen> |
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164 </para></listitem> |
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165 </orderedlist> |
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166 </para> |
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167 |
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168 |
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169 <sect2 id="tdfx"> |
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170 <title>Schede 3dfx</title> |
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171 |
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172 <para> |
23775 | 173 I vecchi driver 3dfx avevano notoriamente dei problemi con l'accelerazione |
174 XVideo, non erano compatibili con gli spazi colore YV12 e YUY2. Verifica di | |
175 avere XFree86 4.2.0 o superiore, può gestire YV12 e YUY2, mentre le versioni | |
176 precedenti, 4.1.0 incluso, | |
177 <emphasis role="bold">vanno in crash con YV12</emphasis>. Se hai degli strani | |
178 risultati usando <option>-vo xv</option>, prova SDL (anch'essa ha XVideo) e vedi | |
179 se aiuta. Controlla la sezione su <link linkend="sdl">SDL</link> per i dettagli. | |
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180 </para> |
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181 |
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182 <para> |
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183 <emphasis role="bold">OPPURE</emphasis>, prova il NUOVO driver |
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184 <option>-vo tdfxfb</option>! Vedi la sezione |
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185 <link linkend="tdfxfb">tdfxfb</link> |
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186 </para> |
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187 </sect2> |
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188 |
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189 |
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190 <sect2 id="s3"> |
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191 <title>Schede S3</title> |
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192 |
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193 <para> |
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194 Le S3 Savage3D dovrebbero funzionare bene, ma per le Savage4, usa XFree86 4.0.3 |
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195 o superiore (nel caso tu abbia problemi di immagini, prova a 16bpp). Per le |
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196 S3 Virge invece: c'è il supporto per xv, ma la scheda in sé è molto lenta, |
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197 per cui ti conviene venderla. |
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198 </para> |
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199 |
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200 <para> |
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201 Non c'è un driver framebuffer nativo per le schede S3 Virge simile a tdfxfb. |
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202 Configura il tuo framebuffer (per es. aggiungi |
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203 "<option>vga=792 video=vesa:mtrr</option>" alla riga di avvio del kernel) e usa |
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204 <option>-vo s3fb</option> (<option>-vf yuy2</option> e <option>-dr</option> |
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205 aiutano). |
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206 </para> |
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207 |
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208 <note><para> |
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209 Non è ben chiaro il perché i modelli Savage non abbiano il supporto YV12 e |
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210 facciano la conversione con il driver (lento). Se pensi sia colpa della scheda, |
23775 | 211 cerca un driver più recente, o chiedi gentilmente di un driver abilitato |
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212 MMX/3DNow! sulla mailing list MPlayer-users. |
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213 </para></note> |
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214 </sect2> |
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215 |
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216 |
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217 <sect2 id="nvidia"> |
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218 <title>Schede nVidia</title> |
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219 |
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220 <para> |
23775 | 221 nVidia non è sempre una scelta molto buona sotto Linux... Il driver |
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222 open-source di XFree86 supporta la maggior parte di queste schede, ma in alcuni |
23775 | 223 casi, dovrai usare il driver proprietario a sorgenti chiusi di nVidia, |
224 disponibile sul | |
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225 <ulink url="http://www.nvidia.com/object/linux.html">sito nVidia</ulink>. |
23775 | 226 Ti servirà sempre questo driver anche se vuoi l'accelerazione 3D. |
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227 </para> |
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228 |
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229 <para> |
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230 Le schede Riva128 non hanno il supporto XVideo con il driver nVidia di |
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231 XFree86 :( |
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232 Lamentati con nVidia. |
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233 </para> |
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234 |
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235 <para> |
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236 Tuttavia, <application>MPlayer</application> contiene un driver |
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237 <link linkend="vidix">VIDIX</link> per la maggior parte delle schede nVidia. |
23775 | 238 Attualmente è a livello di sviluppo beta e ha alcuni problemi. Per |
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239 ulteriori informazioni, vedi la sezione |
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240 <link linkend="vidix-nvidia">VIDIX nVidia</link>. |
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241 </para> |
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242 </sect2> |
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243 |
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244 |
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245 <sect2 id="ati"> |
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246 <title>Schede ATI</title> |
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247 |
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248 <para> |
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249 Il <ulink url="http://gatos.sf.net">driver GATOS</ulink> |
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250 (che dovresti usare a meno che tu non abbia una Rage128 o una Radeon) di |
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251 default ha il VSYNC abilitato. Ciò significa che la velocità di decodifica |
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252 (!) è sincronizzata alla frequenza di aggiornamento del monitor. Se la |
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253 riproduzione ti pare lenta, prova a disabilitare in qualche modo VSYNC, o ad |
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254 impostare la frequenza di aggiornamento a n*(fps del film) Hz. |
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255 </para> |
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256 |
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257 <para> |
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258 Read the <link linkend="vidix">VIDIX</link> section. |
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259 Radeon VE - se ti serve X, per questa scheda usa XFree86 4.2.0 o superiore. |
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260 Il TV out non è supportato. Ovviamente con <application>MPlayer</application> |
23775 | 261 puoi felicemente avere un display <emphasis role="bold">accelerato</emphasis>, |
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262 con o senza l'<emphasis role="bold">uscita TV</emphasis>, e non servono |
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263 librerie né X. |
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264 Leggi la sezione <link linkend="vidix">VIDIX</link>. |
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265 </para> |
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266 </sect2> |
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267 |
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268 |
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269 <sect2 id="neomagic"> |
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270 <title>Schede NeoMagic</title> |
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271 |
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272 <para> |
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273 Queste schede si possono trovare in molti portatili. Devi usare XFree86 4.3.0 o |
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274 superiore, o alternativamente usare i |
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275 <ulink url="http://www.mplayerhq.hu/MPlayer/contrib/NeoMagic-driver/">driver con Xv</ulink> |
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276 di Stefan Seyfried. |
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277 Scegli semplicemente quello che ti serve in base alla tua versione di XFree86. |
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278 </para> |
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279 |
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280 <para> |
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281 XFree86 4.3.0 include il supporto per Xv, caomunque Bohdan Horst ha postato |
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282 una piccola <ulink url="http://www.mplayerhq.hu/MPlayer/contrib/NeoMagic-driver/neo_driver.patch">patch</ulink> ai sorgenti di XFree86 che velocizza fino a |
23775 | 283 quattro volte le operazioni sul framebuffer (quindi XVideo). |
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284 La patch è stata poi incorporata in XFree86 CVS e dovrebbe esserci nei rilasci |
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285 successivi al 4.3.0. |
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286 </para> |
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287 |
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288 <para> |
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289 Per permettere la riproduzione di contenuti della dimensione DVD, modifica il |
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290 tuo XF86Config in questo modo: |
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291 <programlisting> |
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292 Section "Device" |
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293 [...] |
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294 Driver "neomagic" |
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295 <emphasis>Option "OverlayMem" "829440"</emphasis> |
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296 [...] |
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297 EndSection<!-- |
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298 --></programlisting> |
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299 </para> |
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300 </sect2> |
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301 |
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302 |
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303 <sect2 id="trident"> |
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304 <title>Schede Trident</title> |
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305 |
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306 <para> |
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307 Se vuoi usare Xv con una scheda Trident, assunto il fatto che con 4.1.0 non |
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308 funziona, intalla Xfree 4.2.0. Il 4.2.0 aggiunge il supporto per Xv a schermo |
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309 intero con la scheda Cyberblade XP. |
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310 </para> |
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311 |
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312 <para> |
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313 Alternativamente, <application>MPlayer</application> contiene un driver |
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314 <link linkend="vidix">VIDIX</link> per le schede Cyberblade/i1. |
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315 </para> |
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316 </sect2> |
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317 |
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318 |
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319 <sect2 id="kyro"> |
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320 <title>Schede Kyro/PowerVR</title> |
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321 |
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322 <para> |
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323 Se vuoi usare Xv con una scheda basata su Kyro (per esempio la Hercules |
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324 Prophet 4000XT), dovresti scaricare i driver dal |
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325 <ulink url="http://www.powervr.com/">sito di PowerVR</ulink>. |
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326 </para> |
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327 </sect2> |
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328 </sect1> |
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329 |
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330 <!-- ********** --> |
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331 |
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332 <sect1 id="dga"> |
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333 <title>DGA</title> |
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334 |
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335 <formalpara> |
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336 <title>PREAMBOLO</title> |
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337 <para> |
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338 Questa documento cerca di spiegare in poche parole cosa sia DGA e cosa possa |
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339 fare (e cosa no) il driver di uscita video DGA di |
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340 <application>MPlayer</application>. |
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341 </para> |
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342 </formalpara> |
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343 |
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344 <formalpara> |
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345 <title>COS'E' DGA</title> |
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346 <para> |
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347 <acronym>DGA</acronym> è il nome breve di <emphasis>Direct Graphics |
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348 Access</emphasis> (accesso grafico diretto) ed è un modo per fa sì |
23775 | 349 che un programma scavalchi l'X server e modifichi direttamente la memoria |
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350 del framebuffer. In termini tecnici la memoria del framebuffer viene |
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351 rimappata nello spazio di memoria del tuo processo. |
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352 Questo è permesso dal kernel solo se hai provilegi di superutente. Puoi averli |
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353 o autenticandoti come <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> o |
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354 impostando il bit SUID sull'eseguibile di <application>MPlayer</application> |
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355 (<emphasis role="bold">sconsigliato</emphasis>). |
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356 </para> |
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357 </formalpara> |
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358 <para> |
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359 Ci sono due versioni di DGA: DGA1 usato da XFree 3.x.x e DGA2 che è stato |
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360 introdotto con XFree 4.0.1. |
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361 </para> |
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362 |
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363 <para> |
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364 DGA1 fornisce solamente accesso diretto al framebuffer come descritto sopra. |
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365 Per modificare la risoluzione del segnale video devi affidarti all'estensione |
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366 XVidMode. |
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367 </para> |
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368 |
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369 <para> |
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370 DGA2 include le funzionalità dell'estensione XVidMode e inoltre permette la |
23775 | 371 modifica della profondità di colore del display. Così, anche se stai facendo |
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372 girare un X server con profondità di 32 bit, puoi passare a una di 15 e |
23775 | 373 viceversa. |
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374 </para> |
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375 |
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376 <para> |
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377 Tuttavia DGA ha dei punti deboli. Sembra sia in qualche modo dipendente dal |
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378 chip grafico utilizzato e dall'implementazione del driver video dell'X server |
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379 che controlla tale chip. Per cui non funziona su tutti i sistemi... |
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380 </para> |
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381 |
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382 <formalpara> |
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383 <title>INSTALLARE IL SUPPORTO PER DGA IN MPLAYER</title> |
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384 |
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385 <para> |
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386 Per prima cosa assicurati che X carichi l'estensione DGA, guarda in |
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387 <filename>/var/log/XFree86.0.log</filename>: |
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388 |
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389 <programlisting>(II) Loading extension XFree86-DGA</programlisting> |
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390 |
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391 Attenzione, si <emphasis role="bold">consiglia vivamente </emphasis> |
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392 XFree86 4.0.x o superiore! |
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393 Il driver DGA di <application>MPlayer</application> viene rilevato |
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394 automaticamente da <filename>./configure</filename>, ovvero puoi forzarlo |
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395 con <option>--enable-dga</option>. |
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396 </para> |
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397 </formalpara> |
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398 |
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399 <para> |
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400 Se il driver non è riuscito a reimpostare una risoluzione inferiore, fai delle |
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401 prove con le opzioni <option>-vm</option> (solo con X 3.3.x), |
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402 <option>-fs</option>, <option>-bpp</option>, <option>-zoom</option> per trovare |
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403 una modalità video in cui ci stia il film. Per ora non c'è un convertitore :( |
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404 </para> |
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405 |
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406 <para> |
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407 Diventa <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>. A DGA serve l'accesso |
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408 da root per essere in grado di scrivere direttamente sulla memoria video. Se |
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409 vuoi eseguirlo come utente, allora installa <application>MPlayer</application> |
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410 SUID root: |
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411 |
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412 <screen> |
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413 chown root <replaceable>/usr/local/bin/mplayer</replaceable> |
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414 chmod 750 <replaceable>/usr/local/bin/mplayer</replaceable> |
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415 chmod +s <replaceable>/usr/local/bin/mplayer</replaceable> |
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416 </screen> |
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417 |
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418 Ora funziona anche da utente normale. |
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419 </para> |
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420 |
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421 <caution> |
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422 <title>Rischi di sicurezza</title> |
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423 <para> |
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424 Questo porta un <emphasis role="bold">grosso</emphasis> rischio di sicurezza! |
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425 Non farlo <emphasis role="bold">mai</emphasis> su un server o su un computer |
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426 che può essere utilizzato da altre persone, perché si possono ottenere |
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427 privilegi di root attraverso <application>MPlayer</application> SUID root. |
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428 </para> |
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429 </caution> |
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430 |
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431 <para> |
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432 Ora usa l'opzione <option>-vo dga</option>, e sei a cavallo! (speralo:) |
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433 Potresti anche provare se ti funziona l'opzione |
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434 <option>-vo sdl:driver=dga</option>! |
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435 E' molto più veloce! |
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436 </para> |
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437 |
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438 |
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439 <formalpara id="dga-modelines"> |
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440 <title>MODIFICARE LA RISOLUZIONE</title> |
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441 |
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442 <para> |
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443 Il driver DGA permette la modifica della risoluzione del segnale di uscita. |
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444 Questo evita la necessità di eseguire un (lento) ridimensionamento software e |
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445 allo stesso tempo fornisce un'immagine a schermo pieno. Idealmente dovrebbe |
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446 ridimensionarsi alla risoluzione precisa (rispettando il rapporto di aspetto) |
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447 dei dati video, ma l'X server permette solo di impostare le risoluzioni |
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448 precedentemente definite in <filename>/etc/X11/XF86Config</filename> |
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449 (<filename>/etc/X11/XF86Config-4</filename> per XFree 4.X.X). |
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450 Queste ultime sono conosciute come "modelines" e dipendono dalle potenzialità |
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451 del tuo hardware video. Il server X legge questo file di configurazione |
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452 all'avvio e disabilita le modelines incompatibili col tuo hardware. |
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453 Puoi scoprire quali modalità ti restano attraverso il file di log di X11. |
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454 Si può trovare qui: <filename>/var/log/XFree86.0.log</filename>. |
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455 </para> |
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456 </formalpara> |
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457 |
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458 <para> |
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459 Queste modalità si sa che funzionano correttamente con un chip Riva128, |
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460 usando il driver nv.o del server X. |
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461 </para> |
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462 |
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463 <para><programlisting> |
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464 Section "Modes" |
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465 Identifier "Modes[0]" |
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466 Modeline "800x600" 40 800 840 968 1056 600 601 605 628 |
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467 Modeline "712x600" 35.0 712 740 850 900 400 410 412 425 |
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468 Modeline "640x480" 25.175 640 664 760 800 480 491 493 525 |
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469 Modeline "400x300" 20 400 416 480 528 300 301 303 314 Doublescan |
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470 Modeline "352x288" 25.10 352 368 416 432 288 296 290 310 |
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471 Modeline "352x240" 15.750 352 368 416 432 240 244 246 262 Doublescan |
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472 Modeline "320x240" 12.588 320 336 384 400 240 245 246 262 Doublescan |
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473 EndSection |
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474 </programlisting></para> |
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475 |
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476 |
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477 <formalpara> |
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478 <title>DGA & MPLAYER</title> |
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479 <para> |
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480 DGA is used in two places with <application>MPlayer</application>: The SDL |
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481 driver can be made to make use of it (<option>-vo sdl:driver=dga</option>) and |
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482 within the DGA driver (<option>-vo dga</option>). The above said is true |
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483 for both; in the following sections I'll explain how the DGA driver for |
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484 <application>MPlayer</application> works. |
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485 DGA viene usato con <application>MPlayer</application> in due posti: può |
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486 essere usato attraverso il driver SDL (<option>-vo sdl:driver=dga</option>) e |
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487 con il driver DGA (<option>-vo dga</option>). Quanto detto sopra è valido per |
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488 entrambi; nei paragrafi seguenti viene spiegato come il driver DGA funziona per |
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489 <application>MPlayer</application>. |
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490 |
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491 </para> |
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492 </formalpara> |
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493 |
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494 |
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495 <formalpara> |
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496 <title>CARATTERISTICHE</title> |
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497 |
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498 <para> |
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499 Il driver DGA viene utilizzato specificando <option>-vo dga</option> sulla riga |
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500 comando. Il comportamento di default è di passare ad una risoluzione il più |
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501 vicino possibile a quella originaria del video. Ignora volutamente le opzioni |
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502 <option>-vm</option> e <option>-fs</option> (abilitazione ridimensionamento |
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503 video e schermo intero) - cerca sempre di coprire la più vasta area possibile |
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504 dello schermo reimpostando la modalità video, evitando così di sprecare cicli |
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505 della CPU per ridimensionare l'immagine. Se la modalità video selezionata non |
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506 ti piace, puoi forzarlo a scegliere la modalità più prossima alla risoluzione |
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507 specificata con <option>-x</option> e <option>-y</option>. Impostando l'opzione |
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508 <option>-v</option>, il driver DGA emetterà, tra una sacco ci altre cose, |
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509 un'elenco delle risoluzioni supportate dal tuo file |
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510 <filename>XF86Config</filename>. Se hai DGA2, puoi anche forzarlo ad utilizzare |
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511 una data profondità usando l'opzione <option>-bpp</option>. Profondità |
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512 valide sono 15, 16, 24 e 32. Se queste profondità siano supportate nativamente |
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513 oppure se debba venir effettuata una conversione (eventualmente lenta), dipende |
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514 dal tuo hardware. |
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515 </para> |
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516 </formalpara> |
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517 <para> |
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518 Se dovessi essere abbastanza fortunato da avere sufficiente memoria fuori dalla |
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519 visualizzazione per poterci far stare un'immagine intera, il driver DGA userà |
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520 un buffering doppio, fornendo una riproduzione più fluida. Ti dirà quando il |
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521 doppio buffering sarà abilitato o no. |
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522 </para> |
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523 |
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524 <para> |
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525 "Doppio buffering" significa che il fotogramma successivo del video viene |
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526 disegnato nella memoria fuori dello schermo, mentre il fotogramma corrente |
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527 viene mostrato. Quando il fotogramma successivo è pronto, il chip grafico |
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528 rivece solo l'indirizzo in memoria del nuovo fotogramma e semplicemente prende |
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529 da là i dati da mostrare. Nel frattempo l'altro buffer di memoria viene |
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530 riempito con altri dati video. |
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531 </para> |
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532 |
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533 <para> |
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534 Il doppio buffering può venir abilitato usando l'opzione |
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535 <option>-double</option> e disabilitato con <option>-nodouble</option>. |
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536 L'opzione attuale di default è di disabilitarlo. Usando il driver DGA, la |
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537 visualizzazione dati su schermo (OSD, onscreen display) funziona solo con il |
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538 doppio buffering abilitato. In ogni caso, abilitare il doppio buffering può |
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539 portare una pesante penalizzazione della velocità (sul mio K6-II+ 525 usa |
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540 un ulteriore 20% di tempo di CPU) in dipendenza dall'implementazione per DGA |
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541 del tuo hardware. |
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542 </para> |
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543 |
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544 |
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545 <formalpara> |
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546 <title>PROBLEMI DI VELOCITA'</title> |
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547 |
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548 <para> |
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549 In generale, l'accesso DGA al framebuffer dovrebbe essere almeno veloce quanto |
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550 utilizzare il driver X11, con il beneficio aggiunto di ottenere un'immagine a |
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551 schermo intero. I valori di velocità percentuale emessi da |
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552 <application>MPlayer</application> devono essere interpretati con un po' di |
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553 attenzione, dato che per esempio con il driver X11 non includono il tempo usato |
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554 dal server X per il disegno effettivo. Attacca un terminale sulla seriale della |
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parents:
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555 tua macchina e lancia <command>top</command> per vedere cosa stia davvero |
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556 succedendo. |
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557 </para> |
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558 </formalpara> |
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559 |
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560 <para> |
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561 In linea di massima, l'aumento di velocità usando DGA rispetto all'utilizzo |
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562 'normale' di X11 dipende fortemente dalla tua scheda video e da quanto bene il |
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563 relativo modulo del server X sia ottimizzato. |
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564 </para> |
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|
565 |
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|
566 <para> |
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567 Se hai un sistema lento, è meglio usare una profondità di 15 o 16 bit, visto |
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568 che richiedono solo la metà della banda di memoria di una visualizzazion a |
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569 32 bit. |
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|
570 </para> |
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|
571 |
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|
572 <para> |
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573 Usare una profondità di 24 è una buona idea anche se la tua scheda supporta |
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574 nativamente solo quella a 32 bit, dato che trasferisce il 25% dei dati in meno |
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575 rispetto alla modalità a 32/32. |
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576 </para> |
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577 |
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578 <para> |
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579 Ho visto alcuni file AVI riprodotti su Pentium MMX 266. Le CPU AMD K6-2 possono |
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580 lavorare a 400 MHz e oltre. |
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581 </para> |
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582 |
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583 |
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584 <formalpara> |
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585 <title>PROBLEMI/BACHI CONOSCIUTI</title> |
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586 |
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587 <para> |
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588 Bene, secondo gli sviluppatori di XFree, DGA è quasi una bestia. Ti dicono che |
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589 è meglio non usarla. La sua implementazione non è sempre perfetta con tutti i |
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590 driver dei chip per XFree che ci sono là fuori. |
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591 </para> |
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|
592 </formalpara> |
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|
593 |
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594 <itemizedlist> |
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|
595 <listitem><para> |
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596 Con XFree 4.0.3 e <filename>nv.o</filename> c'è un baco che porta ad avere |
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597 strani colori. |
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598 </para></listitem> |
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|
599 <listitem><para> |
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600 I driver ATI hanno bisogno che la modalità sia reimpostata più di una |
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601 volta dopo aver utilizzato DGA. |
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602 </para></listitem> |
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603 <listitem><para> |
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604 Alcuni driver semplicemente non riescono a tornare alla risoluzione normale |
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605 (Usa |
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606 <keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>Keypad +</keycap></keycombo> |
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|
607 e |
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ptt
parents:
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608 <keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>Keypad -</keycap></keycombo> |
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609 per cambiarla manualmente). |
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610 </para></listitem> |
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611 <listitem><para> |
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612 Alcuni driver semplicemente mostrano strani colori. |
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613 </para></listitem> |
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614 <listitem><para> |
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615 Alcuni driver mentono riguardo alla memoria che mappano nello spazio |
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616 indirizzi del processo, perciò vo_dga non usa il doppio buffering (SIS?). |
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617 </para></listitem> |
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618 <listitem><para> |
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619 Alcuni driver sembra che falliscano nel fornire almeno una modalità valida. |
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620 In questo caso il driver DGA andrà in crash raccontandoti di una modalità |
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621 senza senso tipo 100000x100000 o qualcosa di simile. |
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622 </para></listitem> |
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623 <listitem><para> |
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624 L'OSD funziona solo col doppio buffering abilitato (altrimenti sfarfalla). |
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625 </para></listitem> |
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626 </itemizedlist> |
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627 |
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628 </sect1> |
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629 |
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630 <!-- ********** --> |
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631 |
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632 <sect1 id="sdl"> |
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633 <title>SDL</title> |
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634 |
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635 <para> |
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636 <acronym>SDL</acronym> (Simple Directmedia Layer) è praticamente un'interfaccia |
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637 unificata audio/video. I programmi che la usano non sanno che driver video o |
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638 audio SDL usi davvero, ma conoscono solo l'interfaccia. Per esempio un porting |
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639 di Doom che usi SDL può girara sopra a svgalib, aalib, X, fbdev e altro, devi |
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640 semplicemente specificare (per esempio) il driver video da usare attraverso la |
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641 variabile d'ambiente <envar>SDL_VIDEODRIVER</envar>. In teoria, perlomeno. |
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642 </para> |
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643 |
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644 <para> |
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645 Con <application>MPlayer</application>, usiamo la sua potenzialità di |
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646 ridimensionamento via software del driver di X11 per le schede che non |
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647 gestiscono XVideo, fino a quando non faremo il nostro (più veloce, più bello) |
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648 ridimensionatore software. Abbiamo anche usato la sua uscita per aalib, ma ora |
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649 abbiamo la nostra che è più comoda. La sua modalità per DGA era migliore |
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650 della nostra fino a poco tempo fa. Hai capito, no? :) |
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651 </para> |
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652 |
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653 <para> |
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654 Aiuta anche con alcuni driver/schede bacate, se il video è scattoso (non per |
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655 problemi di sistema lento) oppure l'audio è saltellante. |
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656 </para> |
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657 |
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658 <para> |
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659 L'uscita video SDL supporta la visualizzazione dei sottotitoli sotto al filmato |
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660 ovvero sulla striscia nera (se presente). |
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661 </para> |
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662 </sect1> |
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663 |
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664 <!-- ********** --> |
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665 |
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666 <sect1 id="svgalib"> |
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667 <title>SVGAlib</title> |
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668 |
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669 <formalpara> |
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670 <title>INSTALLAZIONE</title> |
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671 <para> |
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672 Affinché <application>MPlayer</application> compili il suo driver per SVGAlib |
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673 (autorilevato, ma può essere forzato), devi installare svgalib e il suo |
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674 pacchetto di sviluppo e non dimenticare di modificare |
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675 <filename>/etc/vga/libvga.config</filename> in modo che corrisponda alla tua |
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676 scheda e al tuo monitor. |
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677 </para> |
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678 </formalpara> |
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679 |
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680 <note><para> |
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681 Assicurati di non usare l'opzione <option>-fs</option>, dato che attiva |
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682 l'utilizzo del ridimensionatore software, ed è lento. Se davvero ti serve, usa |
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683 l'opzione <option>-sws 4</option>, che porterà una bassa qualità, ma è in |
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684 qualche modo più veloce. |
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685 </para></note> |
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686 |
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687 <formalpara> |
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688 <title>SUPPORTO PER EGA (4BPP)</title> |
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689 <para> |
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690 SVGAlib include EGAlib, e <application>MPlayer</application> ha la possibilità |
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691 di mostrare qualsiasi filmato in 16 colori, utilizzabile in queste situazioni: |
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692 </para> |
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693 </formalpara> |
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694 |
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695 <itemizedlist> |
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696 <listitem><para> |
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697 Scheda EGA con monitor EGA: 320x200x4bpp, 640x200x4bpp, 640x350x4bpp |
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698 </para></listitem> |
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699 <listitem><para> |
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700 Scheda EGA con monitor CGA: 320x200x4bpp, 640x200x4bpp |
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701 </para></listitem> |
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702 </itemizedlist> |
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703 |
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704 <para> |
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705 Il valore dei bpp (bit per pixel) deve essere impostato a 4 manualmente: |
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706 <option>-bpp 4</option> |
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707 </para> |
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708 |
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709 <para> |
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710 Il filmato probabilmente deve essere rimpicciolito per starci nella modalità |
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711 EGA: |
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712 <screen>-vf scale=640:350</screen> |
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713 or |
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714 <screen>-vf scale=320:200</screen> |
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715 </para> |
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716 |
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717 <para> |
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718 Per questo ci serve una funzione di ridimensionamento veloce ma a bassa |
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719 qualità: |
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720 <screen>-sws 4</screen> |
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721 </para> |
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722 |
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723 <para> |
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724 Forse la correzione automatica dell'aspetto va disattivata: |
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725 <screen>-noaspect</screen> |
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726 </para> |
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727 |
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728 <note><para> |
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729 Secondo la mia esperienza la qualità migliore dell'immagine su schermi EGA |
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730 può essere ottenuta diminuendo un pochino la luminosità: |
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731 <option>-vf eq=-20:0</option>. Sul mio sistema ho anche bisogno di abbassare |
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732 la frequenza audio, dato che era rovinata a 44kHz: |
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733 <option>-srate 22050</option>. |
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734 </para></note> |
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735 |
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736 <para> |
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737 Puoi abilitare l'OSD e i sottotitoli solo con il filtro <option>expand</option>, |
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738 vedi la pagina man per i parametri precisi. |
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739 </para> |
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740 </sect1> |
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741 |
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742 <!-- ********** --> |
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743 |
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744 <sect1 id="fbdev"> |
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745 <title>Uscita su framebuffer (FBdev)</title> |
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746 |
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747 <para> |
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748 Se compilare l'uscita FBdev o no viene rilevato automaticamente da |
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749 <filename>./configure</filename>. Leggi nei sorgenti del kernel la |
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750 documentazione sul framebuffer (<filename>Documentation/fb/*</filename>) per |
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751 ulteriori informazioni. |
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752 </para> |
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753 |
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754 <para> |
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755 Se la tua scheda non supporta lo standard VBE 2.0 (vecchie schede ISA/PCI, come |
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756 la S3 Trio64), ma solo VBE 1.2 (o precedente?): bene, c'è ancora VESAfb, ma |
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757 ddovrai caricare SciTech Display Doctor (conosciuto precedentemente come UniVBE) |
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758 prima di avviare Linux. Usa un disco di avvio DOS o qualcosa del genere. E non |
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759 dimenticare di registrare il tuo UniVBE ;)) |
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760 </para> |
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761 |
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762 <para> |
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763 L'uscita su FBdev richiede principalmente alcuni parametri addizionali: |
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764 </para> |
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765 |
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766 <variablelist> |
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767 <varlistentry> |
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768 <term><option>-fb</option></term> |
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769 <listitem><para> |
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770 specifica il dispositivo framebuffer da usare (default: |
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771 <filename>/dev/fb0</filename>) |
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772 </para></listitem> |
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773 </varlistentry> |
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774 <varlistentry> |
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775 <term><option>-fbmode</option></term> |
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776 <listitem><para> |
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777 nome della modalità da usare (come in <filename>/etc/fb.modes</filename>) |
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778 </para></listitem> |
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779 </varlistentry> |
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780 <varlistentry> |
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781 <term><option>-fbmodeconfig</option></term> |
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782 <listitem><para> |
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783 file di configirazione delle modalità (default: |
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784 <filename>/etc/fb.modes</filename>) |
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785 </para></listitem> |
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786 </varlistentry> |
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787 <varlistentry> |
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788 <term><option>-monitor-hfreq</option></term> |
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789 <term><option>-monitor-vfreq</option></term> |
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790 <term><option>-monitor-dotclock</option></term> |
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791 <listitem><para> |
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792 valori <emphasis role="bold">importanti</emphasis>, vedi |
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793 <filename>example.conf</filename> |
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794 </para></listitem> |
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795 </varlistentry> |
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796 </variablelist> |
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797 |
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798 <para> |
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799 Se vuoi passare a una modalità particolare, allora usa |
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800 <screen> |
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801 mplayer -vm -fbmode <replaceable>nome_modalità</replaceable> <replaceable>nomefile</replaceable> |
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802 </screen> |
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803 </para> |
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804 |
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805 <itemizedlist> |
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806 <listitem><para> |
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807 <option>-vm</option> da sola può scegliere la modalità più adatta da |
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808 <filename>/etc/fb.modes</filename>. Può essere usata anche insieme con le |
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809 opzioni <option>-x</option> e <option>-y</option>. L'opzione |
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810 <option>-flip</option> è supportata solo se il formato pixel del film |
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811 corrisponde al formato pixel della modalità video. Stai attento al valore |
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812 di bpp, il driver fbdev cerca di usare prima quello corrente, poi quello che |
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813 indichi tramite l'opzione <option>-bpp</option> option. |
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814 </para></listitem> |
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815 <listitem><para> |
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816 l'opzione <option>-zoom</option> non è supportata |
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817 (usa <option>-vf scale</option>). Non puoi usare modalità a 8bbp (o meno). |
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818 </para></listitem> |
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819 <listitem><para> |
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820 Probabilmente vuoi disabilitare il cursore: |
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821 <screen>echo -e '\033[?25l'</screen> |
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822 o |
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823 <screen>setterm -cursor off</screen> |
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824 e il salvaschermo: |
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825 <screen>setterm -blank 0</screen> |
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826 Per riabilitare il cursore: |
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827 <screen>echo -e '\033[?25h'</screen> |
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828 o |
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829 <screen>setterm -cursor on</screen> |
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830 </para></listitem> |
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831 </itemizedlist> |
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832 |
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833 <note><para> |
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834 La modifica della modalità video di FBdev <emphasis>non funziona</emphasis> |
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835 con il framebuffer VESA, e non chiederla, visto che non è una limitazione di |
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836 <application>MPlayer</application>. |
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837 </para></note> |
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838 </sect1> |
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839 |
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840 <!-- ********** --> |
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841 |
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842 <sect1 id="mga_vid"> |
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843 <title>Framebuffer Matrox (mga_vid)</title> |
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844 |
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845 <para> |
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846 <systemitem>mga_vid</systemitem> è un'incrocio di un driver di uscita video e |
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847 di un modulo del kernel, che utilizza il ridimensionatore e l'overlay video |
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848 delle Matrox G200/G400/G450/G550 per effettuare una conversione dello spazio |
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849 colore YUV->RGB e un ridimensionamento video arbitrario. |
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850 <systemitem>mga_vid</systemitem> ha un supporto hardware per VSYNC con triplo |
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851 buffering. Funziona sia in una console su framebuffer che dentro X, ma solo con |
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852 Linux 2.4.x. |
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853 </para> |
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854 |
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855 <para> |
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856 Per una versione del driver per Linux 2.6.x controlla |
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857 <ulink url="http://attila.kinali.ch/mga/"/>. |
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858 </para> |
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859 |
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860 <procedure> |
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861 <title>Installazione:</title> |
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862 <step><para> |
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863 Per usarlo, devi innanzitutto compilare <filename>mga_vid.o</filename>: |
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864 <screen> |
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865 cd drivers |
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866 make<!-- |
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867 --></screen> |
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868 </para></step> |
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869 <step><para> |
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870 Poi esegui (come <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>) |
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871 <screen>make install</screen> |
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872 che dovrebbe installare il modulo e creare per te il nodo del dispositivo. |
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873 Carica il driver con |
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874 <screen>insmod mga_vid.o</screen> |
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875 </para></step> |
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876 <step><para> |
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877 Dovresti verificare il rilevamento della dimensione della memoria usando il |
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878 comando <command>dmesg</command>. Se è errato, usa l'opzione |
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879 <option>mga_ram_size</option> (prima fai <command>rmmod mga_vid</command>), |
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880 indicando in MB la dimensione della memoria della scheda: |
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881 <screen>insmod mga_vid.o mga_ram_size=16</screen> |
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882 </para></step> |
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883 <step><para> |
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884 Per far sì che venga caricato/scaricato quando serve, prima inserisci la |
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885 riga seguente alla fine di <filename>/etc/modules.conf</filename>: |
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886 |
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887 <programlisting>alias char-major-178 mga_vid</programlisting> |
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888 </para></step> |
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889 <step><para> |
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890 Ora devi (ri)compilare <application>MPlayer</application>, |
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891 <command>./configure</command> rileverà <filename>/dev/mga_vid</filename> e |
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892 compilerà il driver 'mga'. Si potrà usare da |
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893 <application>MPlayer</application> con <option>-vo mga</option> se sei su una |
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894 console matroxfb, oppure <option>-vo xmga</option> se sei sotto XFree86 3.x.x |
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895 o 4.x.x. |
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896 </para></step> |
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897 </procedure> |
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898 |
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899 <para> |
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900 Il driver mga_vid collabora con Xv. |
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901 </para> |
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902 |
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903 <para> |
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904 Si può leggere il file del dispositivo <filename>/dev/mga_vid</filename> per |
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905 alcune informazioni, per esempio facendo |
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906 <screen>cat /dev/mga_vid</screen> |
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907 e ci si può scrivere per modificare la luminosità: |
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908 <screen>echo "brightness=120" > /dev/mga_vid</screen> |
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909 </para> |
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|
910 |
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911 <para> |
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912 Nella stessa directory c'è un'applicazione di test che si chiama |
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913 <command>mga_vid_test</command>. Se tutto funziona bene, dovrebbe disegnare |
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914 immagini di 256x256 sullo schermo. |
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915 </para> |
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916 |
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917 </sect1> |
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918 |
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919 <!-- ********** --> |
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920 |
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921 <sect1 id="tdfxfb" xreflabel="3Dfx YUV support (tdfxfb)"> |
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922 <title>Supporto YUV per 3Dfx</title> |
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923 |
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924 <para> |
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925 Questo driver usa il driver tdfx del kernel per il framebuffer per riprodurre |
23775 | 926 filmati con accelerazione YUV. Ti serve un kernel con supporto per tdfxfb e |
23682
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927 ricompilare con |
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928 <screen>./configure --enable-tdfxfb</screen> |
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929 </para> |
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930 </sect1> |
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931 |
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932 <!-- ********** --> |
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933 |
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934 <sect1 id="tdfx_vid"> |
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935 <title>tdfx_vid</title> |
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936 |
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937 <para> |
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938 Questo è un'incrocio di un driver di uscita video e di un modulo del kernel, |
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939 simile a <link linkend="mga_vid">mga_vid</link>. Ti serve un kernel 2.4.x con |
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940 il driver <systemitem>agpgart</systemitem>, visto che |
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941 <systemitem>tdfx_vid</systemitem> usa AGP. Passa |
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942 <option>--enable-tdfxfb</option> a <command>configure</command> per compilare |
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943 il driver di uscita video e compila il module del kernel con le istruzioni |
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944 seguenti. |
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945 </para> |
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|
946 |
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947 <procedure> |
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948 <title>Installare il modulo del kernel tdfx_vid.o:</title> |
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949 <step><para> |
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950 Compila <filename>tdfx_vid.o</filename>: |
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951 <screen> |
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952 cd drivers |
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953 make</screen> |
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954 </para></step> |
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|
955 <step><para> |
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|
956 Poi esegui (come <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>) |
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957 <screen>make install</screen> |
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|
958 che dovrebbe installare il modulo e creare per te il nodo del dispositivo. |
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959 Carica il driver con |
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960 <screen>insmod tdfx_vid.o</screen> |
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961 </para></step> |
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|
962 <step><para> |
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963 Per far sì che venga caricato/scaricato quando serve, prima inserisci la |
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964 riga seguente alla fine di <filename>/etc/modules.conf</filename>: |
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|
965 |
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|
966 |
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967 <programlisting>alias char-major-178 tdfx_vid</programlisting> |
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968 </para></step> |
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|
969 </procedure> |
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|
970 |
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|
971 <para> |
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972 Nella stessa directory c'è un'applicazione di test che si chiama |
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973 <command>tdfx_vid_test</command>. Se tutto funziona bene, dovrebbe fornire |
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|
974 alcune informazioni utili. |
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|
975 </para> |
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|
976 |
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977 </sect1> |
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|
978 |
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979 <!-- ********** --> |
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|
980 |
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981 <sect1 id="opengl"> |
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982 <title>Uscita OpenGL</title> |
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|
983 |
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|
984 <para> |
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985 <application>MPlayer</application> supporta la riproduzione di filmati usando |
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986 OpenGL, ma se se la tua piattaforma/driver supportano xv come è il caso di un |
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987 PC con Linux, allora usa xv, le prestazioni OpenGL sono pesantemente peggiori. |
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988 Se hai un'implementazione di X11 senza xv, OpenGL è una valida alternativa. |
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989 </para> |
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990 |
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991 <para> |
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992 Sfortunatamente non tutti i driver supportano questa caratteristica. I driver |
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993 Utah-GLX (per XFree86 3.3.6) la supportano per tutte le schede. |
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994 Vedi <ulink url="http://utah-glx.sf.net"/> per dettagli su come installarli. |
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995 </para> |
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996 |
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997 <para> |
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998 XFree86(DRI) 4.0.3 or later supports OpenGL with Matrox and Radeon cards, |
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999 4.2.0 or later supports Rage128. |
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1000 Vedi <ulink url="http://dri.sf.net"/> for download and installation |
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1001 instructions. |
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1002 XFree86(DRI) 4.0.3 o successivi supportano OpenGL con schede Matrox e Radeon, |
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1003 4.2.0 o successivi supportano le Rage128. |
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1004 Leggi su <ulink url="http://dri.sf.net"/> le istruzioni per scaricarli ed |
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1005 installare. |
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1006 </para> |
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1007 |
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1008 <para> |
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1009 Un consiglio per i nostri utenti: l'uscita video GL può essere usata per |
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1010 ottenere un'uscita sincronizzata su vsync. Devi impostare una variabile |
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1011 d'ambiente (perlomeno con nVidia): |
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1012 </para> |
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1013 |
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1014 <para> |
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1015 <command>export __GL_SYNC_TO_VBLANK=1</command> |
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1016 </para> |
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1017 </sect1> |
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1018 |
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1019 <!-- ********** --> |
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1020 |
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1021 <sect1 id="aalib"> |
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1022 <title>AAlib – Visualizzazione in modalità testuale</title> |
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1023 |
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1024 <para> |
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1025 AAlib è una libreria per mostrare elementi grafici in modalità testuale, |
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1026 usando un potente renderizzatore ASCII. Ci sono <emphasis>valanghe</emphasis> |
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1027 di programmi che la utilizzano, come Doom, Quake, etc. |
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1028 <application>MPlayer</application> ne include un driver facilmente utilizzabile. |
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1029 Se <filename>./configure</filename> trova AAlib installata, il driver di uscita |
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1030 video per aalib verrà compilato. |
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1031 </para> |
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1032 |
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1033 <para> |
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1034 Puoi usare alcune chiavi nella finestra AA per modificare le opzioni di |
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1035 renderizzazione: |
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1036 </para> |
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1037 |
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1038 <informaltable> |
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1039 <tgroup cols="2"> |
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1040 <thead> |
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1041 <row><entry>Chiave</entry><entry>Azione</entry></row> |
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1042 </thead> |
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1043 <tbody> |
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1044 <row><entry><keycap>1</keycap></entry><entry> |
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1045 diminuisce il contrasto |
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1046 </entry></row> |
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1047 <row><entry><keycap>2</keycap></entry><entry> |
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1048 aumenta il contrasto |
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1049 </entry></row> |
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1050 <row><entry><keycap>3</keycap></entry><entry> |
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1051 diminuisce la luminosità |
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1052 </entry></row> |
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1053 <row><entry><keycap>4</keycap></entry><entry> |
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1054 aumenta la luminosità |
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1055 </entry></row> |
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1056 <row><entry><keycap>5</keycap></entry><entry> |
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1057 abilita/disabilita il fast rendering |
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1058 </entry></row> |
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1059 <row><entry><keycap>6</keycap></entry><entry> |
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1060 imposta la modalità di dithering (nessuna, distribuzione di errore, |
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1061 Floyd Steinberg) |
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1062 </entry></row> |
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1063 <row><entry><keycap>7</keycap></entry><entry> |
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1064 inverte l'immagine |
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1065 </entry></row> |
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1066 <row><entry><keycap>8</keycap></entry><entry> |
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1067 passa tra i controlli di aa e quelli di <application>MPlayer</application> |
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1068 </entry></row> |
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1069 </tbody> |
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1070 </tgroup> |
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1071 </informaltable> |
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1072 |
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1073 <variablelist> |
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1074 <title>Si possono usare le seguenti opzioni sulla riga di comando:</title> |
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1075 <varlistentry> |
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1076 <term><option>-aaosdcolor=<replaceable>V</replaceable></option></term> |
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1077 <listitem><para> |
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1078 modifica il colore OSD |
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1079 </para></listitem> |
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1080 </varlistentry> |
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1081 <varlistentry> |
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1082 <term><option>-aasubcolor=<replaceable>V</replaceable></option></term> |
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1083 <listitem><para> |
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1084 modifica il colore dei sottitoli |
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1085 </para><para> |
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1086 dove <replaceable>V</replaceable> può essere: |
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1087 <literal>0</literal> (normale), |
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1088 <literal>1</literal> (scuro), |
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1089 <literal>2</literal> (grassetto), |
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1090 <literal>3</literal> (font grassetto), |
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1091 <literal>4</literal> (invertito), |
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1092 <literal>5</literal> (speciale). |
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1093 </para></listitem> |
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1094 </varlistentry> |
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1095 </variablelist> |
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1096 |
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1097 <variablelist> |
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1098 <title>AAlib di suo fornisce un po' di opzioni. Di seguito alcune |
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1099 importanti:</title> |
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1100 <varlistentry> |
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1101 <term><option>-aadriver</option></term> |
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1102 <listitem><para> |
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1103 Impostra il driver aa preferito (X11, curses, Linux). |
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1104 </para></listitem> |
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1105 </varlistentry> |
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1106 <varlistentry> |
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1107 <term><option>-aaextended</option></term> |
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1108 <listitem><para> |
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1109 Usa tutti e 256 i caratteri. |
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1110 </para></listitem> |
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1111 </varlistentry> |
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1112 <varlistentry> |
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1113 <term><option>-aaeight</option></term> |
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1114 <listitem><para> |
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1115 Usa ASCII a otto bit. |
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1116 </para></listitem> |
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1117 </varlistentry> |
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1118 <varlistentry> |
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1119 <term><option>-aahelp</option></term> |
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1120 <listitem><para> |
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1121 Lista tutte le opzioni per aalib. |
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1122 </para></listitem> |
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1123 </varlistentry> |
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1124 </variablelist> |
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1125 |
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1126 <note><para> |
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1127 La renderizzazione è molto pesante per la CPU, specialmente usando AA-on-X |
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1128 (usando aalib su X), ed è più leggera su una console standard, senza |
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1129 framebuffer. Usa SVGATextMode per impostare una modalità a molti caratteri, |
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1130 poi divertiti! (le schede Hercules con seconda uscita sono mitiche :)) |
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1131 (ma IMHO puoi usare l'opzione <option>-vf 1bpp</option> per avere grafica su |
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1132 hgafb:) |
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1133 </para></note> |
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1134 |
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1135 <para> |
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1136 Usa l'opzione <option>-framedrop</option> se il tuo computer non è abbastanza |
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1137 veloce da renderizzare tutti i fotogrammi! |
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1138 </para> |
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1139 |
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1140 <para> |
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1141 Riproducendo su un terminale, avrai migliore velocità e qualità usando il |
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1142 driver Linux, non ncurses (<option>-aadriver linux</option>). Ma devi anche |
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1143 avere accesso a |
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1144 <filename>/dev/vcsa<replaceable><terminale></replaceable></filename>! |
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1145 Questo non è rilevato automaticamente da aalib, ma vo_aa cerca di trovare la |
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1146 modalità migliore. Leggi <ulink url="http://aa-project.sf.net/tune"/> per |
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1147 altri consigli di impostazioni. |
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1148 </para> |
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1149 </sect1> |
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1150 |
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1151 <!-- ********** --> |
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1152 |
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1153 <sect1 id="caca"> |
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1154 <title> |
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1155 <systemitem class="library">libcaca</systemitem> – Libreria Color ASCII Art |
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1156 </title> |
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1157 |
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1158 <para> |
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1159 La libreria <ulink url="http://sam.zoy.org/projects/libcaca/"><systemitem class="library">libcaca</systemitem></ulink> |
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1160 è una libreria grafica che emette testo al posto di pixel, indi può funzionare |
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1161 su schede video più vecchie o su terminali di testo. Non è dissimile dalla |
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1162 famosa libreria <systemitem class="library">AAlib</systemitem>. |
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1163 <systemitem class="library">libcaca</systemitem> ha bisogno di un terminale per |
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1164 poter funzionare, perciò dovrebbe funzionare su tutti i sistemi Unix (incluso |
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1165 Mac OS X) usando la libreria <systemitem class="library">slang</systemitem> |
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1166 ovvero la libreria <systemitem class="library">ncurses</systemitem>, sotto DOS |
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1167 usando la libreria <systemitem class="library">conio.h</systemitem>, e nei |
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1168 sistemi Windows usando <systemitem class="library">slang</systemitem> o |
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1169 <systemitem class="library">ncurses</systemitem> (tramite l'emulazione Cygwin) |
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1170 oppure <systemitem class="library">conio.h</systemitem>. Se |
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1171 <filename>./configure</filename> rileva la presenza di |
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1172 <systemitem class="library">libcaca</systemitem>, il driver di uscita video per |
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1173 caca verrà compilato. |
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1174 </para> |
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1175 |
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1176 <itemizedlist> |
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1177 <title>Le differenze rispetto ad <systemitem class="library">AAlib</systemitem> |
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1178 sono le seguenti:</title> |
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1179 <listitem><para> |
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1180 16 colori disponibili per l'emissione a caratteri (256 coppie di colori) |
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1181 </para></listitem> |
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1182 <listitem><para> |
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1183 dithering del colore dell'immagine |
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1184 </para></listitem> |
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1185 </itemizedlist> |
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1186 |
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1187 <itemizedlist> |
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1188 <title>Ma <systemitem class="library">libcaca</systemitem> ha anche le seguenti |
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1189 limitazioni:</title> |
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1190 <listitem><para> |
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1191 nessun supporto per luminosià, contrasto, gamma |
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1192 </para></listitem> |
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1193 </itemizedlist> |
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1194 |
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1195 <para> |
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1196 Puoi utilizzare alcuni tasti nella finestra caca per modificare le opzioni di |
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1197 renderizzazione: |
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1198 </para> |
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1199 |
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1200 <informaltable> |
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1201 <tgroup cols="2"> |
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1202 <thead> |
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1203 <row><entry>Chiave</entry><entry>Azione</entry></row> |
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1204 </thead> |
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1205 <tbody> |
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1206 <row><entry><keycap>d</keycap></entry><entry> |
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1207 Attiva/disattiva il metodo di dithering di |
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1208 <systemitem class="library">libcaca</systemitem>. |
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1209 </entry></row> |
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1210 <row><entry><keycap>a</keycap></entry><entry> |
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1211 Attiva/disattiva l'antialias di |
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1212 <systemitem class="library">libcaca</systemitem>. |
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1213 </entry></row> |
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1214 <row><entry><keycap>b</keycap></entry><entry> |
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1215 Attiva/disattiva lo sfondo di |
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1216 <systemitem class="library">libcaca</systemitem>. |
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1217 </entry></row> |
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1218 </tbody> |
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1219 </tgroup> |
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1220 </informaltable> |
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1221 |
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1222 <variablelist> |
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1223 <title><systemitem class="library">libcaca</systemitem> terrà anche conto di |
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1224 alcune variabili d'ambiente:</title> |
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1225 <varlistentry> |
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1226 <term><option>CACA_DRIVER</option></term> |
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1227 <listitem><para> |
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1228 Imposta il driver caca richiesto. Per es. ncurses, slang, x11. |
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1229 </para></listitem> |
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1230 </varlistentry> |
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1231 <varlistentry> |
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1232 <term><option>CACA_GEOMETRY (solo X11)</option></term> |
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1233 <listitem><para> |
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1234 Specifica il numero di righe e colonne. Per es. 128x50. |
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1235 </para></listitem> |
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1236 </varlistentry> |
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1237 <varlistentry> |
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1238 <term><option>CACA_FONT (solo X11)</option></term> |
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1239 <listitem><para> |
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1240 Specifica il font da usare. Per es. fixed, nexus. |
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1241 </para></listitem> |
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1242 </varlistentry> |
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1243 </variablelist> |
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1244 |
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1245 <para> |
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1246 Usa l'opzione <option>-framedrop</option> se il tuo computer non è abbastanza |
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1247 veloce per renderizzare tutti i fotogrammi. |
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1248 </para> |
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1249 |
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1250 </sect1> |
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1251 |
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1252 <!-- ********** --> |
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1253 |
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1254 <sect1 id="vesa"> |
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1255 <title>VESA - uscita attraverso il VESA BIOS</title> |
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1256 |
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1257 <para> |
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1258 Questo driver è stato progettato ed introdotto come un |
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1259 <emphasis role="bold">driver generico</emphasis> per qualsiasi scheda video che |
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1260 abbia un BIOS compatibile con VESA VBE 2.0. Un altro vantaggio di questo driver |
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1261 è che cerca di attivare l'uscita TV. |
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1262 La <citetitle>VESA BIOS EXTENSION (VBE) Versione 3.0 Data: 16 settembre |
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1263 1998</citetitle> (pagina 70) dice: |
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1264 </para> |
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1265 |
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1266 <!-- TODO: try to find an 'official' translation --> |
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1267 <blockquote> |
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1268 <formalpara><title>Dual-Controller Designs</title> |
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1269 <para> |
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1270 VBE 3.0 supports the dual-controller design by assuming that since both |
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1271 controllers are typically provided by the same OEM, under control of a |
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1272 single BIOS ROM on the same graphics card, it is possible to hide the fact |
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1273 that two controllers are indeed present from the application. This has the |
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1274 limitation of preventing simultaneous use of the independent controllers, |
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1275 but allows applications released before VBE 3.0 to operate normally. The |
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1276 VBE Function 00h (Return Controller Information) returns the combined |
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1277 information of both controllers, including the combined list of available |
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1278 modes. When the application selects a mode, the appropriate controller is |
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1279 activated. Each of the remaining VBE functions then operates on the active |
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1280 controller. |
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1281 </para> |
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1282 </formalpara> |
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1283 </blockquote> |
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1284 |
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1285 <para> |
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1286 Perciò usando questo driver hai qualche possibilità di far funzionare |
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1287 l'uscita TV (si presume che spesso l'uscita TV sia almeno un'uscita a sè |
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1288 stante). |
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1289 </para> |
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1290 |
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1291 <itemizedlist spacing="compact"> |
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1292 <title>VANTAGGI</title> |
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1293 <listitem><para> |
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1294 Puoi riuscire a guardare film <emphasis role="bold">anche se Linux non |
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1295 riconosce</emphasis> il tuo hardware grafico. |
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1296 </para></listitem> |
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1297 <listitem><para> |
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1298 Non ti serve avere alcuna cosa relativa alla grafica (come X11 (AKA XFree86), |
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1299 fbdev e così via) sul tuo Linux. Questo driver può venir utilizzato dalla |
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1300 <emphasis role="bold">modalità testo</emphasis>. |
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1301 </para></listitem> |
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1302 <listitem><para> |
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1303 Hai qualche possibilità di avere l'<emphasis role="bold">uscita TV |
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1304 funzionante</emphasis> (per le schede ATI perlomeno è così). |
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1305 </para></listitem> |
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1306 <listitem><para> |
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1307 Questo driver chiama la funzione <function>int 10h</function> percui non è |
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1308 un emulatore - fa riferimento a cose <emphasis role="bold">reali</emphasis> |
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1309 del BIOS <emphasis role="bold">reale</emphasis> in |
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1310 <emphasis>modalità reale</emphasis> (attualmente in modalità vm86). |
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1311 </para></listitem> |
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1312 <listitem><para> |
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1313 Con esso puoi usare VIDIX, potendo ottenere contemporaneamente un'uscita |
23775 | 1314 video accelerata <emphasis role="bold">e</emphasis> e l'uscita TV! |
23682
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1315 (consigliato per schede ATI) |
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1316 </para></listitem> |
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1317 <listitem><para> |
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1318 Se hai VESA VBE 3.0+ e hai specificato in qualche dove |
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1319 <option>monitor-hfreq, monitor-vfreq, monitor-dotclock</option> (nel file di |
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1320 configurazione o dalla riga comando) otterrai la massima frequenza di |
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1321 aggiornamento possibile (usando formule generiche di temporizzazione). |
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1322 Per abilitare questa funzionalità devi specificare |
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1323 <emphasis role="bold">tutte</emphasis> le opzioni per il tuo monitor. |
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1324 </para></listitem> |
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1325 </itemizedlist> |
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1326 |
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1327 <itemizedlist spacing="compact"> |
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1328 <title>SVANTAGGI</title> |
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1329 <listitem><para> |
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1330 Funziona solo su <emphasis role="bold">sistemi x86</emphasis>. |
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1331 </para></listitem> |
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1332 <listitem><para> |
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1333 Può essere usato solo da <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>. |
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1334 </para></listitem> |
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1335 <listitem><para> |
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1336 Attualmente è disponibile solo per <emphasis role="bold">Linux</emphasis>. |
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1337 </para></listitem> |
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1338 </itemizedlist> |
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1339 |
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1340 <important><para> |
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1341 Non usare questo driver con <emphasis role="bold">GCC 2.96</emphasis>! |
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1342 Non funzionerà! |
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1343 </para></important> |
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1344 |
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1345 <variablelist> |
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1346 <title>OPZIONI DELLA RIGA COMANDO DISPONIBILI PER VESA</title> |
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1347 <varlistentry> |
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1348 <term><option>-vo vesa:<replaceable>opzioni</replaceable></option></term> |
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1349 <listitem><para> |
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1350 attualmente riconosciute: <literal>dga</literal> per forzare la modalità |
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1351 dga e <literal>nodga</literal> per disabilitarla. In modalità dga puoi |
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1352 abilitare il doppio buffering con l'opzione <option>-double</option>. |
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1353 Nota: puoi omettere questi parametri per abilitare |
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1354 l'<emphasis role="bold">auto-rilevazione</emphasis> della modalità dga. |
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1355 </para></listitem> |
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1356 </varlistentry> |
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1357 </variablelist> |
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1358 |
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1359 <itemizedlist spacing="compact"> |
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1360 <title>PROBLEMI CONOSCIUTI E SOLUZIONI</title> |
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1361 <listitem><para> |
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1362 Se hai dei font <emphasis role="bold">NLS</emphasis> installati sulla tua |
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1363 macchina Linux ed utilizzi il driver VESA in modalità testo, allora dopo |
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1364 essere uscito da<application>MPlayer</application> avrai i |
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1365 <emphasis role="bold">font ROM</emphasis> caricati al posto di quelli locali. |
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1366 Puoi ricaricare i font locali usando lo strumento |
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1367 <command>setsysfont</command> per Mandrake/Mandriva, ad esempio |
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1368 (<emphasis role="bold">consiglio</emphasis>: lo stesso strumento viene |
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1369 usato per la localizzazione di fbdev). |
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1370 </para></listitem> |
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1371 <listitem><para> |
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1372 Alcuni <emphasis role="bold">driver grafici per Linux</emphasis> non |
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1373 modificano nella memoria DOS la |
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1374 <emphasis role="bold">modalità BIOS</emphasis> attiva. |
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1375 Per cui se hai questo problema - usa sempre il driver VESA dalla |
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1376 <emphasis role="bold">modalità testo</emphasis>. Altrimenti verrà |
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1377 comunque attivata la modalità testo (#03) e dovrai riavviare il tuo |
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1378 computer. |
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1379 </para></listitem> |
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1380 <listitem><para> |
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1381 Spesso dopo aver dismesso il driver VESA ottieni uno schermo |
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1382 <emphasis role="bold">nero</emphasis>. Per riportare il tuo schermo allo |
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1383 stato originario - salta semplicemente ad unìaltra console (premendo |
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1384 <keycombo><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F<x></keycap></keycombo>) poi |
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1385 ritorna alla console precedente allo stesso modo. |
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1386 </para></listitem> |
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1387 <listitem><para> |
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1388 Per avere <emphasis role="bold">l'uscita TV funzionante</emphasis> devi avere |
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1389 il connettore TV collegato prima di avviare il tuo PC, visto che il BIOS |
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1390 video si inizializza solo una volta durante il passaggio POST. |
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1391 </para></listitem> |
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1392 </itemizedlist> |
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1393 </sect1> |
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1394 |
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1395 <!-- ********** --> |
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1396 |
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1397 <sect1 id="x11"> |
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1398 <title>X11</title> |
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1399 |
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1400 <para> |
23775 | 1401 Da evitare se possibile. Uscita su X11 (utilizza l'estensione della memoria |
1402 condivisa), senza alcuna accelerazione hardware. Gestisce il ridimensionamento | |
1403 software (accelerato MMX/3DNow/SSE, ma sempre lento), usa le opzioni | |
1404 <option>-fs -zoom</option>. La maggior parte delle schede gestisce un | |
1405 ridimensionamento hardware, usa per queste l'uscita <option>-vo xv</option>, | |
1406 oppure <option>-vo xmga</option> per le schede Matrox. | |
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1407 </para> |
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1408 |
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1409 <para> |
23775 | 1410 Il problema è che i driver di molte schede non supportano l'accelerazione |
1411 hardware sulla seconda uscita o TV. In quei casi, vedi delle finestre blu/verdi | |
1412 al posto del film. In questi casi torna utile questo driver, ma ti serve una | |
1413 CPU potente per effettuare il ridimensionamento software. Non usare il driver | |
1414 di uscita SDL + ridimensionamento software, ha una peggior qualità | |
1415 dell'immagine. | |
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1416 </para> |
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1417 |
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1418 <para> |
23775 | 1419 Il ridimensionamento software è molto lento, ti conviene piuttosto cambiare la |
1420 modalità video. E' molto facile. Guarda le | |
1421 <link linkend="dga-modelines">modeline della sezione DGA</link>, e inseriscile | |
1422 nel tuo <filename>XF86Config</filename>. | |
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1423 |
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1424 <itemizedlist spacing="compact"> |
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1425 <listitem><para> |
23775 | 1426 Se hai XFree86 4.x.x: usa l'opzione <option>-vm</option>. Passerà alla |
1427 risoluzione che meglio si adatta al tuo film. Se non lo fa: | |
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1428 </para></listitem> |
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1429 <listitem><para> |
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1430 With XFree86 3.x.x: you have to cycle through available resolutions |
23775 | 1431 Con XFree86 3.x.x: devi passare attraverso le risoluzioni disponibili con i |
1432 tasti | |
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1433 <keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>Keypad +</keycap></keycombo> |
23775 | 1434 e |
1435 <keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>Keypad -</keycap></keycombo>. | |
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1436 </para></listitem> |
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1437 </itemizedlist> |
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1438 </para> |
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1439 |
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1440 <para> |
23775 | 1441 Se non trovi le modalità che hai aggiunto, controlla l'emissione di XFree86. |
1442 Alcuni driver non possono usare dei pixelclock che servono per modalità a | |
1443 bassa risoluzione. | |
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1444 </para> |
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1445 </sect1> |
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1446 |
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1447 <!-- ********** --> |
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1448 |
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1449 <sect1 id="vidix"> |
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1450 <title>VIDIX</title> |
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1451 |
23775 | 1452 <formalpara><title>PREAMBOLO</title> |
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1453 <para> |
23775 | 1454 <acronym>VIDIX</acronym> è un nome breve che sta per |
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1455 <emphasis role="bold">VID</emphasis>eo |
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1456 <emphasis role="bold">I</emphasis>nterface |
23775 | 1457 per *ni<emphasis role="bold">X</emphasis>. |
1458 VIDIX è stato progettato ed introdotto com un'interfaccia per driver veloci | |
1459 nello spazio utente, fornendo delle prestazioni video come quelle che fornisce | |
1460 mga_vid per le schede Matrox. E' anche molto portabile. | |
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1461 </para> |
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1462 </formalpara> |
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1463 |
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1464 <para> |
23775 | 1465 Quest'interfaccia è stata progettata come un tentativo di riunire le |
1466 interfacce di accelerazione video già esistenti (conosciute come mga_vid, | |
1467 rage128_vid, radeon_vid, pm3_vid) in uno schema fissato. Fornisce un'interfaccia | |
1468 di alto livello a chip conosciuti come BES (BackEnd scalers) o OV (Video | |
1469 Overlays). Non fornisce un'interfaccia a basso livello a cose conosciute come | |
1470 server grafici (non voglio entrare in competizione con il gruppo di X11 per le | |
1471 modifiche alla modalità grafica). Per es. l'obiettivo principale di | |
1472 quest'intarfaccia è quello di velocizzare la riproduzione video. | |
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1473 </para> |
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1474 |
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1475 <itemizedlist spacing="compact"> |
23775 | 1476 <title>USO</title> |
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1477 <listitem><para> |
23775 | 1478 Puoi usare un driver di uscita video a sé stante: <option>-vo xvidix</option>. |
1479 Questo driver è stato sviluppato come un front-end tra X11 e la tecnologia | |
1480 VIDIX. Richiede l'X server e può funzionare solo dentro all'X server stesso. | |
1481 Nota che, visto che accede direttamente all'hardware e oltrepassa il driver X, | |
1482 le immagini memorizzate nella memoria della scheda video possono venir | |
1483 corrotte. Puoi evitarlo limitando la dimensione della memoria video usata da | |
1484 X con l'opzine "VideoRam" nella sezione device di XF86Config. Dovresti | |
1485 impostare tale opzione alla quantità di memoria della tua scheda meno 4MB. | |
1486 Se hai meno di 8MB di ram video, puoi usare invece l'opzione | |
1487 "XaaNoPixmapCache" nella sezione screen. | |
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1488 </para></listitem> |
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1489 <listitem> |
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1490 <para> |
23775 | 1491 C'è poi un driver VIDIX per la console: <option>-vo cvidix</option>. |
1492 Questo richiede per la maggior parte delle schede un framebuffer | |
1493 inizializzato e funzionante (altrimenti incasinerai solamente lo schermo), e | |
1494 otterrai un effetto simile a <option>-vo mga</option> o | |
1495 <option>-vo fbdev</option>. Le schede nVidia tuttavia sono in grado di | |
1496 emettere video completamente grafico su vere console di testo. Vedi la sezione | |
1497 <link linkend="vidix-nvidia">nvidia_vid</link> per ulteriori informazioni. | |
1498 Per evitare il testo sui bordi e il cursore lampeggiante, prova qualcosa tipo | |
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1499 </para> |
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1500 |
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1501 <screen>setterm -cursor off > /dev/tty9</screen> |
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1502 |
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1503 <para> |
23775 | 1504 (presumendo che <systemitem>tty9</systemitem> non venga utilizzata) e poi |
1505 passa a <systemitem>tty9</systemitem>. | |
1506 D'altro canto, <option>-colorkey 0</option> dovrebbe mostrarti il video sullo | |
1507 "sfondo", anche se questo dipende dal fatto che colorkey funzioni bene o no. | |
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1508 </para> |
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1509 </listitem> |
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1510 <listitem><para> |
23775 | 1511 Puoi usare un sotto-dispositivo VIDIX che sia stato applicato a vari driver |
1512 di uscita video, così: <option>-vo vesa:vidix</option> | |
1513 (<emphasis role="bold">solo per Linux</emphasis>) e | |
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1514 <option>-vo fbdev:vidix</option>. |
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1515 </para></listitem> |
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1516 </itemizedlist> |
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1517 |
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1518 <para> |
23775 | 1519 In verità non conta quale driver di uscita video venga usato con |
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1520 <emphasis role="bold">VIDIX</emphasis>. |
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1521 </para> |
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1522 |
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1523 <itemizedlist spacing="compact"> |
23775 | 1524 <title>PREREQUISITI</title> |
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1525 <listitem><para> |
23775 | 1526 La scheda video dovrebbe essere in modalità grafica (tranne le schede nVidia |
1527 con il driver di uscita <option>-vo cvidix</option>). | |
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1528 </para></listitem> |
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1529 <listitem><para> |
23775 | 1530 Il driver di uscita video di <application>MPlayer</application> dovrebbe |
1531 conoscere la modalità video attiva ed essere in grado di fornire al | |
1532 sotto-dispositivo VIDIX alcune caratteristiche video del server. | |
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1533 </para></listitem> |
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1534 </itemizedlist> |
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1535 |
23775 | 1536 <formalpara><title>MODI DI UTILIZZO</title> |
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1537 <para> |
23775 | 1538 Quando VIDIX viene usato come un |
1539 <emphasis role="bold">sotto-dispositivo</emphasis> (<option>-vo | |
1540 vesa:vidix</option>) allora la configurazione della modalità video viene | |
1541 eseguita dal dispositivo di uscita video | |
1542 (<emphasis role="bold">vo_server</emphasis>, in breve). Perciò puoi passare | |
1543 sulla riga comando di <application>MPlayer</application> le stesse chiavi per | |
1544 vo_server. Inoltre accetta <option>-double</option> come un parametro globale | |
1545 (si consiglia di usare questa opzione con VIDIX almeno per le schede ATI). | |
1546 Come <option>-vo xvidix</option>, attualmente riconosce le seguenti opzioni: | |
1547 <option>-fs -zoom -x -y -double</option>. | |
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1548 </para> |
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1549 </formalpara> |
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1550 |
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1551 <para> |
23775 | 1552 Poi puoi specificare il driver VIDIX direttamente sulla riga comando come una |
1553 terza sotto-opzione: | |
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1554 <screen> |
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1555 mplayer -vo xvidix:mga_vid.so -fs -zoom -double <replaceable>file.avi</replaceable> |
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1556 </screen> |
23775 | 1557 o |
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1558 <screen> |
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1559 mplayer -vo vesa:vidix:radeon_vid.so -fs -zoom -double -bpp 32 <replaceable>file.avi</replaceable> |
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1560 </screen> |
23775 | 1561 ma è pericoloso e non dovresti farlo. In questo caso il driver indicato verrà |
1562 forzato e i risultati sono imprevedibili (potrebbe mandarti il computer in | |
1563 <emphasis role="bold">freeze</emphasis>). Dovresti farlo SOLO se sei | |
1564 assolutamente sicuro che funzionerà e <application>MPlayer</application> non | |
1565 lo farà automaticamente. Per favore dillo agli sviluppatori. Il modo corretto | |
1566 è utilizzare VIDIX senza argomenti per abilitare la rilevazione automatica del | |
1567 driver. | |
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1568 </para> |
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1569 |
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1570 <para> |
23775 | 1571 Visto che VIDIX richiede un accesso diretto all'hardware puoi sia eseguirlo come |
1572 root, sia impostare il bit SUID sull'eseguibile di | |
1573 <application>MPlayer</application>. | |
1574 (<emphasis role="bold">Attenzione: questo è un rischio di sicurezza!</emphasis>) | |
1575 Alternativamente puoi usare uno modulo del kernel speciale, come questo: | |
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1576 </para> |
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1577 |
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1578 <procedure> |
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1579 <step><para> |
23775 | 1580 Scarica la <ulink url="http://www.arava.co.il/matan/svgalib/">versione di |
1581 sviluppo</ulink> di svgalib (per esempio la 1.9.17), | |
1582 <emphasis role="bold">OPPURE</emphasis> scarica una versione fatta da Alex | |
1583 appositamente per essere usata con <application>MPlayer</application> (non ha | |
1584 bisogno dei sorgenti di svgalib per la compilazione) da | |
1585 <ulink url="http://www.mplayerhq.hu/MPlayer/contrib/svgalib/svgalib_helper-1.9 | |
1586 .17-mplayer.tar.bz2">qui</ulink>. | |
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1587 </para></step> |
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1588 <step><para> |
23775 | 1589 Compila il modulo nella directory |
1590 <filename class="directory">svgalib_helper</filename> (si trova dentro la | |
1591 directory <filename class="directory">svgalib-1.9.17/kernel/</filename> se hai | |
1592 scaricato i sorgenti dal sito di svgalib) e caricalo nel kernel. | |
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1593 </para></step> |
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1594 <step><para> |
23775 | 1595 Per creare i dispositivi necessari nella directory |
1596 <filename class="directory">/dev</filename>, esegui, come root, | |
1597 <screen>make device</screen> nella directory | |
1598 <filename class="directory">svgalib_helper</filename>. | |
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1599 </para></step> |
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1600 <step><para> |
23775 | 1601 Sposta la directory <filename class="directory">svgalib_helper</filename> |
1602 nella sotto-directory <filename class="directory">vidix</filename> nei | |
1603 sorgenti di <application>MPlayer</application>. | |
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1604 </para></step> |
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1605 <step><para> |
23775 | 1606 Togli il commento prima della riga con CFLAGS che contiene "svgalib_helper" |
1607 dal file <filename class="directory">vidix/Makefile</filename>. | |
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1608 </para></step> |
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1609 <step><para> |
23775 | 1610 Ricompila. |
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1611 </para></step> |
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1612 </procedure> |
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1613 |
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1614 |
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1615 <sect2 id="vidix-ati"> |
23775 | 1616 <title>Schede ATI</title> |
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1617 |
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1618 <para> |
23775 | 1619 Attualmente la maggior parte delle schede ATI è supportata nativamente, dalle |
1620 Mach64 alle più recenti Radeon. | |
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1621 </para> |
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1622 |
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1623 <para> |
23775 | 1624 Ci sono due binari compilati: <filename>radeon_vid</filename> per le Radeon e |
1625 <filename>rage128_vid</filename> per le schede Rage 128. Puoi forzare | |
1626 l'utilizzo di uno dei due, oppure lasciare che il sistema VIDIX provi tutti i | |
1627 driver disponibili. | |
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1628 </para> |
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1629 </sect2> |
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1630 |
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1631 |
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1632 <sect2 id="vidix-mga"> |
23775 | 1633 <title>Schede Matrox</title> |
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1634 |
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1635 <para> |
23775 | 1636 Le Matrox G200, G400, G450 and G550 sono state riportate come funzionanti. |
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1637 </para> |
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1638 |
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1639 <para> |
23775 | 1640 Il driver supporta gli equalizzatori video e dovrebbe essere veloce quasi quanto |
1641 il <link linkend="mga_vid">framebuffer Matrox</link>. | |
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1642 </para> |
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1643 </sect2> |
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1644 |
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1645 |
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1646 <sect2 id="vidix-trident"> |
23775 | 1647 <title>Schede Trident</title> |
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1648 |
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1649 <para> |
23775 | 1650 C'è un driver disponibile per il chipset Trident Cyberblade/i1, che si può |
1651 trovare sulle schede madri VIA Epia. | |
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1652 </para> |
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1653 |
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1654 <para> |
23775 | 1655 Il driver è scritto e mantenuto da |
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1656 <ulink url="http://www.blackfiveservices.co.uk/EPIAVidix.shtml">Alastair M. Robinson</ulink>. |
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1657 </para> |
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1658 </sect2> |
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1659 |
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1660 |
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1661 <sect2 id="vidix-3dlabs"> |
23775 | 1662 <title>Schede 3DLabs</title> |
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1663 |
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1664 <para> |
23775 | 1665 Anche se esiste un driver per i chip 3DLabs GLINT R3 e Permedia3, nessuno lo ha |
1666 provato, perciò delle informazioni sono benvenute. | |
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1667 </para> |
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1668 </sect2> |
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1669 |
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1670 |
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1671 <sect2 id="vidix-nvidia"> |
23775 | 1672 <title>Schede nVidia</title> |
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1673 |
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1674 <para> |
23775 | 1675 Una caratteristica unica del driver nvidia_vid è la sua abilità nel mostrare |
1676 video su di una | |
1677 <emphasis role="bold">semplice, pura, console di testo</emphasis> - senza alcun | |
1678 framebuffer o qualche magia di X. Per questo fine, dovremo usare il driver di | |
1679 uscita video <option>cvidix</option>, come mostrato nell'esempio che segue: | |
1680 <screen>mplayer -vo cvidix <replaceable>esempio.avi</replaceable></screen> | |
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1681 </para> |
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1682 </sect2> |
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1683 |
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1684 |
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1685 <sect2 id="vidix-sis"> |
23775 | 1686 <title>Schede SiS</title> |
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1687 |
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1688 <para> |
23775 | 1689 Questo codice è davvero sperimentale, proprio come nvidia_vid. |
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1690 </para> |
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1691 |
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1692 <para> |
23775 | 1693 E' stato testato su SiS 650/651/740 (i chipset più diffusi usati nelle versioni |
1694 SiS dello "Shuttle XPC"). | |
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1695 </para> |
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1696 |
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1697 <para> |
23775 | 1698 Si attendono resoconti! |
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1699 </para> |
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1700 </sect2> |
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1701 </sect1> |
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1702 |
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1703 <!-- ********** --> |
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1704 |
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1705 <sect1 id="directfb"> |
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1706 <title>DirectFB</title> |
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1707 |
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1708 <blockquote><para> |
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1709 "DirectFB is a graphics library which was designed with embedded systems |
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1710 in mind. It offers maximum hardware accelerated performance at a minimum |
23775 | 1711 of resource usage and overhead." - citazione da |
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1712 <ulink url="http://www.directfb.org"/> |
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1713 </para></blockquote> |
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1714 |
23775 | 1715 <para>Ometterò le caratteristiche di DirectFB da questa sezione.</para> |
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1716 |
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1717 <para> |
23775 | 1718 Anche se <application>MPlayer</application> non è supportato come un "provider |
1719 video" in DirectFB, questo driver di uscita video abiliterà la riproduzione | |
1720 video tramite DirectFB. Sarà - ovviamente - accelerata, la velocità di | |
1721 DirectFB sulla mia Matrox G400 è la stessa di XVideo. | |
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1722 </para> |
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1723 |
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1724 <para> |
23775 | 1725 Cerca sempre di utilizzare la versione più recente di DirectFB. Sulla riga |
1726 comando puoi usare le opzioni di DirectFB, usando <option>-dfbopts</option>. | |
1727 La scelta del livello può essere fatta con il metodo del sotto-dispositivo, | |
1728 per es.: | |
1729 <option>-vo directfb:2</option> (il livello -1 è il default: autorilevazione) | |
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1730 </para> |
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1731 </sect1> |
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1732 |
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1733 <!-- ********** --> |
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1734 |
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1735 <sect1 id="dfbmga"> |
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1736 <title>DirectFB/Matrox (dfbmga)</title> |
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1737 |
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1738 <para> |
23775 | 1739 Leggi per favore la sezione <link linkend="directfb">principale di DirectFB</link> |
1740 per le informazioni generali. | |
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1741 </para> |
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1742 |
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1743 <para> |
23775 | 1744 Questo driver di uscita video abiliterà il CRTC2 (sulla seconda uscita) delle |
1745 schede Matrox G400/G450/G550, mostrando il video | |
1746 <emphasis role="bold">independentemente</emphasis> rispetto alla prima uscita. | |
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1747 </para> |
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1748 |
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1749 <para> |
23775 | 1750 Ville Syrjala's ha un |
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1751 <ulink url="http://www.sci.fi/~syrjala/directfb/Matrox_TV-out_README.txt">README</ulink> |
23775 | 1752 e un |
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1753 <ulink url="http://www.sci.fi/~syrjala/directfb/matrox-tv-out-howto">HOWTO</ulink> |
23775 | 1754 sul suo sito, che spiegano come far funzionare l'uscita TV DirectFB sulle schede |
1755 Matrox. | |
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1756 </para> |
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1757 |
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1758 <note><para> |
23775 | 1759 La prima versione di DirectFB con cui siamo riusciti a farlo funzionare è la |
1760 0.9.17 (ha problemi, gli serve la patch <systemitem>surfacemanager</systemitem> | |
1761 dal sito suddetto). Portare il codice per CRTC2 in | |
1762 <link linkend="mga_vid">mga_vid</link> è in progetto da anni, | |
1763 sono benvenute delle <ulink url="../../tech/patches.txt">patch</ulink>. | |
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1764 </para></note> |
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1765 </sect1> |
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1766 |
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1767 |
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1768 <!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --> |
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1769 |
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1770 |
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1771 <sect1 id="mpeg_decoders"> |
23775 | 1772 <title>Decodificatori MPEG</title> |
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1773 |
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1774 <sect2 id="dvb"> |
23775 | 1775 <title>Uscita e ingresso DVB</title> |
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1776 |
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1777 <para> |
23775 | 1778 <application>MPlayer</application> supporta le schede con chipset DVB Siemens |
1779 di produttori come Siemens, Technotrend, Galaxis o Hauppauge. I driver DVB più | |
1780 recenti sono disponibili sul | |
1781 <ulink url="http://www.linuxtv.org">sito di Linux TV</ulink>. | |
1782 Se vuoi eseguire la transcodifica software dovresti avere almeno una CPU a 1GHz. | |
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1783 </para> |
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1784 |
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1785 <para> |
23775 | 1786 Configure dovrebbe rilevare la tua scheda DVB. Se non lo fa, forzalo con |
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1787 <screen>./configure --enable-dvb</screen> |
23775 | 1788 Se hai gli header ost in un percorso non standard, imposta il percorso con |
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1789 <screen> |
23775 | 1790 ./configure --with-extraincdir=<replaceable>directory sorgenti DVB</replaceable>/ost/include |
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1791 </screen> |
23775 | 1792 Poi compila ed installa come al solito.</para> |
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1793 |
23775 | 1794 <formalpara><title>USO</title> |
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1795 <para> |
23775 | 1796 La decodifica hardware di flussi contententi video MPEG-1/2 e/o audio MPEG puà |
1797 essere effettuata con questo comando: | |
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1798 <screen> |
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1799 mplayer -ao mpegpes -vo mpegpes <replaceable>file.mpg|vob</replaceable> |
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1800 </screen> |
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1801 </para> |
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1802 </formalpara> |
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1803 |
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1804 <para> |
23775 | 1805 La decodfica di qualsiasi altro tipo di flusso video richiede la transcodifica |
1806 in MPEG-1, indi è lenta a potrebbe non valerne la pena, specialmente se il tuo | |
1807 computer è lento. | |
1808 Si puà ottenere usando un comando come questo: | |
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1809 <screen> |
23775 | 1810 mplayer -ao mpegpes -vo mpegpes <replaceable>tuofile.ext</replaceable> |
1811 mplayer -ao mpegpes -vo mpegpes -vf expand <replaceable>tuofile.ext</replaceable> | |
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1812 </screen></para> |
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1813 |
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1814 <para> |
23775 | 1815 Fai attenzione che le schede DVB supportano solo le altezze 288 e 576 per PAL |
1816 oppure 240 e 480 per NTSC. <emphasis role="bold">Devi</emphasis> ridimensionare | |
1817 le altre altezze aggiungendo <option>scale=larghezza:altezza</option>, con la | |
1818 larghezza e l'altezza volute, all'opzione <option>-vf</option>. Le schede DVB | |
1819 accettano diverse larghezze, come 720, 704, 640, 512, 480, 352 etc. ed | |
1820 effettuano il ridimensionamento hardware sulla direzione orizzontale, perciò | |
1821 nella maggior parte deiu casi non ti serve ridimensionare in orizzontale. | |
1822 Per un MPEG-4 (DivX) a 512x384 (aspetto 4:3), prova: | |
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1823 <screen>mplayer -ao mpegpes -vo mpegpes -vf scale=512:576</screen> |
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1824 </para> |
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1825 |
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1826 <para> |
23775 | 1827 Se hai un film in widescreen e non vuoi ridimensionarlo ad altezza piena, |
1828 puoi usare il filtro <option>expand=w:h</option> per aggiungere delle bande | |
1829 nere. Per guardare un MPEG-4 (DivX) a 640x384, prova: | |
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1830 <screen> |
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1831 mplayer -ao mpegpes -vo mpegpes -vf expand=640:576 <replaceable>file.avi</replaceable> |
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1832 </screen> |
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1833 </para> |
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1834 |
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1835 <para> |
23775 | 1836 Se la tua CPU è troppo lenta per un MPEG-4 (DivX) intero a 720x576, prova a |
1837 rimpicciolirlo: | |
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1838 <screen> |
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1839 mplayer -ao mpegpes -vo mpegpes -vf scale=352:576 <replaceable>file.avi</replaceable> |
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1840 </screen> |
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1841 </para> |
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1842 |
23775 | 1843 <para> |
1844 Se la velocità non migliora, prova a rimpicciolirlo anche in verticale: | |
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1845 <screen> |
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1846 mplayer -ao mpegpes -vo mpegpes -vf scale=352:288 <replaceable>file.avi</replaceable> |
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1847 </screen> |
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1848 </para> |
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1849 |
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1850 <para> |
23775 | 1851 Per l'OSD e i sottotitoli usa la caratteristica OSD del filtro expand. Quindi, |
1852 al posto di <option>expand=w:h</option> o <option>expand=w:h:x:y</option>, usa | |
1853 <option>expand=w:h:x:y:1</option> (il quinto parametro <option>:1</option> alla | |
1854 fine abiliterà il rendering dell'OSD). Potresti voler spostare leggermente | |
1855 verso l'alto l'immagine per ottenere una banda nera più ampia per i | |
1856 sottotitoli. Potresti anche voler spostare più in alto i sottotitoli, se sono | |
1857 al di fuori dello schermo della tua TV, usa l'opzione | |
1858 <option>-subpos <0-100></option> (<option>-subpos 80</option> è una | |
1859 buona scelta). | |
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1860 </para> |
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1861 |
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1862 <para> |
23775 | 1863 Per poter riprodurre un film non a 25fps su una TV PAL ovvero con una CPU |
1864 lenta, aggiungi l'opzione <option>-framedrop</option>. | |
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1865 </para> |
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1866 |
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1867 <para> |
23775 | 1868 Per mantenere il rapporto di aspetto dei file MPEG-4 (DivX) e ottenere i |
1869 parametri ottimali per il ridimensionamento (ridimensionamento orizzontale | |
1870 hardware e verticale software mantenendo il giusto rapporto di aspetto), usa il | |
1871 nuovo filtro dvbscale: | |
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1872 <screen> |
23775 | 1873 per una TV a 4:3: -vf dvbscale,scale=-1:0,expand=-1:576:-1:-1:1 |
1874 per una TV a 16:9: -vf dvbscale=1024,scale=-1:0,expand=-1:576:-1:-1:1 | |
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1875 </screen> |
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1876 </para> |
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1877 |
23775 | 1878 <formalpara><title>TV Digitale (modulo d'ingresso DVB)</title> |
1879 <para>Puoi usare la tua scheda TV per guardare la TV Digitale.</para> | |
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1880 </formalpara> |
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1881 |
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1882 <para> |
23775 | 1883 Dovresti avere installati i programmi <command>scan</command> e |
1884 <command>szap/tzap/czap/azap</command>; essi sono inclusi nel pacchetto dei | |
1885 driver. | |
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1886 </para> |
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1887 |
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1888 <para> |
23775 | 1889 Verifica che i tuoi driver funzionino correttamente attraverso un programma tipo |
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1890 <ulink url="http://sf.net/projects/dvbtools/"><command>dvbstream</command></ulink> |
23775 | 1891 (che è la base del modulo d'ingresso DVB). |
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1892 </para> |
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1893 |
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1894 <para> |
23775 | 1895 Ora dovresti riempire un file <filename>~/.mplayer/channels.conf</filename>, |
1896 con la sintassi accettata da <command>szap/tzap/czap/azap</command>, o fare in | |
1897 modo che <command>scan</command> lo riempia per te. | |
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1898 </para> |
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1899 |
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1900 <para> |
23775 | 1901 Se hai più di un tipo di scheda (per es. Satellitare, Terrestre, Via Cavo e |
1902 ATSC) puoi salvare i tuoi file dei canali come | |
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1903 <filename>~/.mplayer/channels.conf.sat</filename>, |
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1904 <filename>~/.mplayer/channels.conf.ter</filename>, |
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1905 <filename>~/.mplayer/channels.conf.cbl</filename>, |
23775 | 1906 e <filename>~/.mplayer/channels.conf.atsc</filename>, |
1907 rispettivamente, per spingere implicitamente <application>MPlayer</application> | |
1908 ad usare questi file invece che <filename>~/.mplayer/channels.conf</filename>, | |
1909 e devi solamente specificare quale scheda usare. | |
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1910 </para> |
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1911 |
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1912 <para> |
23775 | 1913 Assicurati di avere <emphasis>solo</emphasis> canali in chiaro nel tuo file |
1914 <filename>channels.conf</filename>, altrimenti | |
1915 <application>MPlayer</application> cercherà di saltare al canale visibile | |
1916 successivo, ma potrebbe impiegarci molto se ci fossero tanti canali criptati | |
1917 consecutivi. | |
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1918 </para> |
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1919 |
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1920 <para> |
23775 | 1921 Nei tuoi campi audio e video puoi usare una sintassi espansa: |
1922 <option>...:pid[+pid]:...</option> (fino ad un massimo di 6 pid ciascuno); | |
1923 in questo caso <application>MPlayer</application> includerà nel flusso tutti | |
1924 i pid indicati, oltre al pid 0 (che contiene il PAT). | |
1925 Si consiglia di includere in ogni riga il pid PMT per il canale corrispondente | |
1926 (se conosciuto). | |
1927 Puoi anche specificare 8192, che seleziona tutti i pid su quella frequenza e | |
1928 puoi anche passare con TAB attraverso i programmi. | |
1929 Potrebbe aver bisogno di più banda, anche se le schede economiche passano | |
1930 sempre tutti canali al kernel, per cui non fa molta differenza per queste. | |
1931 Altri utilizzi possibili sono: pid televideo, seconda traccia audio, etc... | |
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1932 </para> |
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1933 |
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1934 <para> |
23775 | 1935 Se <application>MPlayer</application> si lamenta frequentemente di |
1936 <screen>Troppi pacchetti video/audio nel buffer</screen> oppure noti una | |
1937 desincronizzazione crescente tra l'audio e il video, prova ad usare il demuxer | |
1938 MPEG-TS di libavformat aggiungendo | |
1939 <option>-demuxer lavf -lavfdopts probesize=128</option> alla tua riga comando. | |
1940 </para> | |
1941 | |
1942 <para> | |
1943 Per vedere il primo dei canali presenti nella tua lista, esegui | |
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1944 <screen>mplayer dvb://</screen> |
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1945 </para> |
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1946 |
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1947 <para> |
23775 | 1948 Se vuoi guardare un canale in particolare, come R1, esegui |
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1949 <screen>mplayer dvb://<replaceable>R1</replaceable></screen> |
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1950 </para> |
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1951 |
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1952 <para> |
23775 | 1953 Se hai più di una scheda puoi anche dover specificare il numero della scheda |
1954 dove il canale si vede (per es. 2) con la sintassi: | |
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1955 <screen>mplayer dvb://<replaceable>2@R1</replaceable></screen> |
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1956 </para> |
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1957 |
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1958 <para> |
23775 | 1959 Per cambiare canale premi i tasti <keycap>h</keycap> (successivo) e |
1960 <keycap>k</keycap> (precedente), oppure usa il | |
1961 <link linkend="osdmenu">menu OSD</link>. | |
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1962 </para> |
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1963 |
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1964 <para> |
23775 | 1965 Se il tuo <filename>~/.mplayer/menu.conf</filename> contiene una voce |
1966 <literal><dvbsel></literal>, come quella nel file di esempio | |
1967 <filename>etc/dvb-menu.conf</filename> (che puoi usare per sovrascrivere | |
1968 <filename>~/.mplayer/menu.conf</filename>), il menu principale mostrerà una | |
1969 voce di sotto-menu che ti lascerà scegliere uno dei canali presenti nel tuo | |
1970 <filename>channels.conf</filename>, possibilmente preceduto da un menu con la | |
1971 lista delle schede disponibili, se ve ne è più di una utilizzabile da | |
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1972 <application>MPlayer</application>. |
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1973 </para> |
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1974 |
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1975 <para> |
23775 | 1976 Se vuoi salvare su disco un programma puoi usare |
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1977 <screen> |
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1978 mplayer -dumpfile <replaceable>r1.ts</replaceable> -dumpstream dvb://<replaceable>R1</replaceable> |
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1979 </screen> |
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1980 </para> |
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1981 |
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1982 <para> |
23775 | 1983 Se vuoi registrarlo in un formato diverso (ri-codificandolo) puoi invece |
1984 lanciare un comando come | |
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1985 <screen> |
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1986 mencoder -o <replaceable>r1.avi</replaceable> -ovc xvid -xvidencopts bitrate=800 \ |
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1987 -oac mp3lame -lameopts cbr:br=128 -pp=ci dvb://<replaceable>R1</replaceable> |
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1988 </screen> |
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1989 </para> |
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1990 |
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1991 <para> |
23775 | 1992 Leggi la pagina man per una lista di opzioni che puoi passare al modulo di |
1993 ingresso DVB. | |
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1994 </para> |
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1995 |
23775 | 1996 <formalpara><title>FUTURO</title> |
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1997 <para> |
23775 | 1998 Se hai domande o vuoi ricevere gli annunci di nuove caratteristiche e vuoi |
1999 partecipare a discussioni su questo argomento, iscriviti alla nostra mailing | |
2000 list | |
2001 <ulink url="http://lists.mplayerhq.hu/mailman/listinfo/mplayer-dvb">MPlayer-DVB</ulink>. | |
2002 Per favore tieni presente che la lingua della lista è l'inglese. | |
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2003 </para> |
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2004 </formalpara> |
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2005 |
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2006 <para> |
23775 | 2007 In futuro puoi aspettarti la possibilità di mostrare OSD e sottotitoli usando |
2008 la caratteristica nativa delle schede DVB, così come una riproduzione più | |
2009 fluida di film non a 25fps e transcodifica in tempo reale tra MPEG-2 e MPEG-4 | |
2010 (decompressione parziale). | |
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2011 </para> |
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2012 </sect2> |
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2013 |
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2014 <!-- ********** --> |
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2015 |
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2016 <sect2 id="dxr2"> |
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2017 <title>DXR2</title> |
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2018 |
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2019 <para> |
23775 | 2020 <application>MPlayer</application> fornisce una riproduzione accelerata |
2021 hardware con la scheda Creative DXR2. | |
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2022 </para> |
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2023 |
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2024 <para> |
23775 | 2025 Prima di tutto ti serviranno dei driver DXR2 correttamente installati. Puoi |
2026 trovare i driver e le istruzioni per l'installazione sul sito | |
2027 <ulink url="http://dxr2.sf.net/">DXR2 Resource Center</ulink>. | |
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2028 </para> |
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2029 |
23775 | 2030 <variablelist><title>USO</title> |
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2031 <varlistentry> |
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2032 <term><option>-vo dxr2</option></term> |
23775 | 2033 <listitem><para>Abilita l'uscita TV.</para></listitem> |
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2034 </varlistentry> |
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2035 <varlistentry> |
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2036 <term><option>-vo dxr2:x11</option> or <option>-vo dxr2:xv</option></term> |
23775 | 2037 <listitem><para>Abilita in X11 l'uscita su Overlay.</para></listitem> |
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2038 </varlistentry> |
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2039 <varlistentry> |
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2040 <term><option>-dxr2 <option1:option2:...></option></term> |
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2041 <listitem><para> |
23775 | 2042 Questa opzione viene usata per controllare il driver DXR2. |
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2043 </para></listitem> |
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2044 </varlistentry> |
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2045 </variablelist> |
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2046 |
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2047 <para> |
23775 | 2048 Il chipset di overlay usato sulla DXR2 ha una qualità piuttosto bassa, ma le |
2049 impostazioni di default dovrebbero funzionare per chiunque. L'OSD potrebbe | |
2050 essre utilizzabile con l'overlay (non sulla TV) disegnandolo nella chiave | |
2051 colore. Con le impostazioni di default della chiave colore puoi ottenere | |
2052 risultati variabili, spesso vedrai la chiave colore attorno ai caratteri o | |
2053 qualche altro effetto strambo. Ma se imposti correttamente le opzioni della | |
2054 chiave colore dovresti ricavare dei risultati accettabili. | |
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2055 </para> |
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2056 |
23775 | 2057 <para>Per favore vedi nella pagina man le opzioni disponibili.</para> |
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2058 </sect2> |
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2059 |
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2060 <!-- ********** --> |
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2061 |
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2062 <sect2 id="dxr3"> |
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2063 <title>DXR3/Hollywood+</title> |
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2064 |
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2065 <para> |
23775 | 2066 <application>MPlayer</application> fornisce una riproduzione accelerata con le |
2067 schede Creative DXR3 e Sigma Designs Hollywood Plus. Queste schede usano | |
2068 entrambe il chip em8300 di decodifica MPEG di Sigma Designs. | |
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2069 </para> |
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2070 |
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2071 <para> |
23775 | 2072 Prima di tutto ti serviranno dei driver DXR3/H+ correttamente installati, |
2073 versione 0.12.0 o successiva. Puoi trovare i driver e le istruzioni per | |
2074 l'installazione sul sito | |
2075 <ulink url="http://dxr3.sf.net/">DXR3 & Hollywood Plus per Linux</ulink>. | |
2076 <filename>configure</filename> dovrebbe rilevare automaticamente la tua scheda, | |
2077 la compilazione dovrebbe concludersi senza problemi. | |
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2078 </para> |
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2079 |
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2080 <!-- FIXME: find a more clear presentation --> |
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2081 <variablelist> |
23775 | 2082 <title>USO</title> |
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2083 <varlistentry> |
23818 | 2084 <term><option>-vo dxr3:prebuf:sync:norm=x:<replaceable>dispositivo</replaceable></option></term> |
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2085 <listitem><para> |
23818 | 2086 <option>overlay</option> attiva l'overlay (sovrapposizione) invece che l'uscita |
2087 TV. Per funzionare richiede un'impostazione dell'overlay adeguatamente | |
2088 configurata. Il modo più semplice di configurare l'overlay è eseguire prima | |
2089 autocal. Poi lanciare mplayer con l'uscita dxr3 e, senza l'overlay abilitato, | |
2090 eseguire dxr3view. In dxr3view puoi giocherellare con le impostazioni | |
2091 dell'overlay e vederne il risultato in tempo reale, forse questa funzionalità | |
2092 sarà utilizzabile in futueo dalla GUI di <application>MPlayer</application>. | |
2093 Una volta che l'overlay sarà correttamente configurato, non ti servirà più | |
2094 dxr3view. | |
2095 <option>prebuf</option> abilita il pre-buffering. Il pre-buffering è una | |
2096 funzionalità del chip em8300 che gli permette di contenere più di un | |
2097 fotogramma video per volta. Questo significa che quando stai usando il | |
2098 pre-buffering, <application>MPlayer</application> cercherà di mantenere il | |
2099 buffer video constantemente pieno di dati. | |
2100 Se sei su una macchina lenta, l'uso della CPU di | |
2101 <application>MPlayer</application> sarà vicino, o pari, al 100%. | |
2102 Questo è particolarmente vero se riproduci flussi MPEG puri (come DVD, SVCD e | |
2103 così via), visto che <application>MPlayer</application> non dovrà | |
2104 ricodificarli in MPEG riempirà il buffer molto velocemente. | |
2105 Con il pre-buffering la riproduzione video è | |
2106 <emphasis role="bold">molto</emphasis> meno sensibile all'utilizzo della CPU da | |
2107 parte di altri programmi, non scarterà fotogrammi a meno che tale applicazione | |
2108 prenda possesso della CPU per un tempo lungo. | |
2109 Quando viene usato senza pre-buffering, l'em8300 è molto più sensibile al | |
2110 carico della CPU, per cui si consiglia caldamente di abilitare l'opzione | |
2111 <option>-framedrop</option> di <application>MPlayer</application> per evitare | |
2112 un'ulteriore perdita di sincronia. | |
2113 <option>sync</option> abiliterà il nuovo motore di sincronizzazione. | |
2114 Questa attualmente è una caratteristica sperimentale. Con il motore di | |
2115 sincronizzazione abilitato, l'orologio interno dell'em8300 verrà tenuto | |
2116 constantemente sotto controllo, se inizia a spostarsi dall'orologio di | |
2117 <application>MPlayer</application> verrà resettato causando lo scarto da parte | |
2118 dell'em8300 di tutti i fotogrammi rimasti indietro. | |
2119 <option>norm=x</option> imposterà la norma TV della scheda DXR3 senza il | |
2120 bisogno di strumenti esterni come em8300setup. Norme valide sono 5 = NTSC, | |
2121 4 = PAL-60, 3 = PAL. Norme speciali sono 2 (auto-impostazione usando PAL/PAL-60) | |
2122 e 1 (auto-impostazione usando PAL/NTSC) poiché decidono quale norma usare | |
2123 in base alla frequenza fotogrammi del filmato. norm = 0 (default) non modifica | |
2124 la norma corrente. | |
2125 <option><replaceable>dispositivo</replaceable></option> = numero del dipositivo da usare se hai più di una scheda em8300. Ognuna di queste opzioni può essere | |
2126 tralasciata. | |
2127 <option>:prebuf:sync</option> sembra funzionare molto bene riproducendo filmati | |
2128 MPEG-4 (DivX). Alcune persone hanno notificato problemi usando l'opzione prebuf | |
2129 riproducendo file MPEG-1/2. | |
2130 Potresti voler provare dapprima l'esecuzione senza alcuna opzione, se hai | |
2131 problemi di sincronizzazione, o problemi coi sottotitoli DVD, fai un tentativo | |
2132 con <option>:sync</option>. | |
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2133 </para></listitem> |
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2134 </varlistentry> |
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2135 |
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2136 <varlistentry> |
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2137 <term><option>-ao oss:/dev/em8300_ma-<replaceable>X</replaceable></option></term> |
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2138 <listitem><para> |
23818 | 2139 Per l'uscita audio, dove <replaceable>X</replaceable> è il numero del |
2140 dispositivo (0 per una scheda sola). | |
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2141 </para></listitem> |
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2142 </varlistentry> |
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2143 |
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2144 <varlistentry> |
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2145 <term><option>-af resample=<replaceable>xxxxx</replaceable></option></term> |
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2146 <listitem><para> |
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2147 This does not work with digital audio output (<option>-ac hwac3</option>). |
23818 | 2148 L'em8300 non può riprodurre frequenze inferiori a 44100Hz. Se la frequenza |
2149 è minore di 44100Hz imposta 44100Hz oppure 48000Hz a seconda di quale sia la | |
2150 più prossima. Per es. se il film usa 22050Hz allora usa 44100Hz come | |
2151 44100 / 2 = 22050, se è 24000Hz usa 48000Hz come 48000 / 2 = 24000 e così | |
2152 via. | |
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2153 </para></listitem> |
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2154 </varlistentry> |
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2155 |
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2156 <varlistentry> |
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2157 <term><option>-vf lavc</option></term> |
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2158 <listitem><para> |
23818 | 2159 Per visualizzare contenuti non MPEG sull'em8300 (per es. MPEG-4 (DivX) o |
2160 RealVideo) devi specificare un filtro video MPEG-1 come | |
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2161 <systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem> (lavc). |
23818 | 2162 Vedi la pagina man per ulteriori informazioni circa <option>-vf lavc</option>. |
2163 Attualmente non c'è modo di impostare gli fps dell'em8300, il che significa | |
2164 che sono fissati a 30000/1001 fps. | |
2165 A causa di ciò si raccomanda caldamente di usare | |
2166 <option>-vf lavc=<replaceable>qualità</replaceable>:25</option> soprattutto | |
2167 se stai usando il pre-buffering. Allora perché 25 e non 30000/1001? | |
2168 Bene, il fatto è che quando usi 30000/1001 l'immagine diventa un pochino | |
2169 saltellante. La ragione di ciò ci è sconosciuta. | |
2170 Se li imposti a qualcosa tra 25 e 27 l'immagine diventa stabile. | |
2171 Per adesso tutto quello che possiamo fare è accettarlo empiricamente. | |
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2172 </para></listitem> |
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2173 </varlistentry> |
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2174 |
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2175 <varlistentry> |
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2176 <term><option>-vf expand=-1:-1:-1:-1:1</option></term> |
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2177 <listitem><para> |
23818 | 2178 Anche se il driver DXR3 può posizionare qualche OSD sul video MPEG-1/2/4, ha |
2179 una qualità decisamente inferiore del tipico OSD di | |
2180 <application>MPlayer</application>, e ha anche molti problemi di | |
2181 aggiornamento. La riga comando suddetta dapprima converte il video in ingresso | |
2182 a MPEG-4 (questo è obbligatorio, scusa), poi applica un filtro expand che non | |
2183 espande nulla (-1: default), ma aggiunge all'immagine l'OSD normale | |
2184 (questo è ciò che fa l'"1" alla fine). | |
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2185 </para></listitem> |
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2186 </varlistentry> |
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2187 |
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2188 <varlistentry> |
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2189 <term><option>-ac hwac3</option></term> |
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2190 <listitem><para> |
24683 | 2191 L'em8300 supporta la riproduzione audio AC-3 (in surround) attraverso l'uscita |
23818 | 2192 digitale della scheda. Vedi l'opzione <option>-ao oss</option> più sopra, |
2193 deve essere usata per specificare l'uscita DXR3 al posto di una scheda audio. | |
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2194 </para></listitem> |
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2195 </varlistentry> |
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2196 </variablelist> |
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2197 </sect2> |
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2198 </sect1> |
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2199 |
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2200 |
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2201 <!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --> |
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2202 |
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2203 |
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2204 <sect1 id="other"> |
23775 | 2205 <title>Altri dispositivi di visualizzazione</title> |
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2206 |
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2207 <sect2 id="zr"> |
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2208 <title>Zr</title> |
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2209 |
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2210 <para> |
23818 | 2211 Questo è un driver video (<option>-vo zr</option>) per un buon numero di schede |
2212 di cattura/riproduzione MJPEG (provato con DC10+ e Buz, e dovrebbe funzionare | |
2213 per LML33, la DC10). Il driver lavora codificando il fotogramma in JPEG e poi | |
2214 inviandolo alla scheda. Per la codifica JPEG viene usata, e richiesta, | |
2215 <systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem>. | |
2216 Con la modalità speciale <emphasis>cinerama</emphasis>, puoi guardare filmati | |
2217 in verà modalità widescreen a patto che tu abbia due proiettori e due | |
2218 schede MJPEG. Proporzionalmente alla risoluzione e alle impostazioni della | |
2219 qualità, questo driver può richiedere molta potenza di CPU, ricordati di | |
2220 specificare <option>-framedrop</option> se la tua macchina è troppo lenta. | |
2221 Nota: il mio AMD K6-2 350MHz è (con <option>-framedrop</option>) abbastanza | |
2222 adeguato per riprodurre materiale VCD e film rimpiccioliti. | |
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2223 </para> |
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2224 |
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2225 <para> |
23818 | 2226 Il driver comunica col driver del kernel disponibile su |
2227 <ulink url="http://mjpeg.sf.net"/>, indi devi avere per prima cosa questo | |
2228 funzionante. La presenza di una scheda MJPEG è autorilevata dallo script | |
2229 <filename>configure</filename>, se la rilevazione fallisce, forzala con | |
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2230 <screen>./configure --enable-zr</screen> |
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2231 </para> |
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2232 |
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2233 <para> |
23818 | 2234 L'uscita può essere controllata con varie opzioni, una descrizione dettagliata |
2235 delle opzioni si trova nella pagina man, una lista breve delle opzioni si può | |
2236 avere eseguendo | |
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2237 <screen>mplayer -zrhelp</screen> |
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2238 </para> |
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2239 |
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2240 <para> |
23818 | 2241 Cose come il ridimensionamento e l'OSD (on screen display) non sono gestite da |
2242 questo driver ma possono essere ottenute usado dei filtri video. Per esempio, | |
2243 supponi di avere un film a una risoluzione di 512x272 e vuoi vederlo a schermo | |
2244 intero con un'ampiezza di 768, 384 o 192. Per ragioni di prestazioni e di | |
2245 qualità, io sceglierei di ridimensionare il film a 384x204 usando il | |
2246 ridimensionatore software bilineae veloce. La riga comando diventa | |
23682
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2247 <screen> |
23818 | 2248 mplayer -vo zr -sws 0 -vf scale=384:204 <replaceable>filmato.avi</replaceable> |
23682
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2249 </screen> |
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2250 </para> |
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2251 |
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2252 <para> |
23818 | 2253 Il ritaglio può essere eseguito dal filtro <option>crop</option> e da questo |
2254 driver di per sé. Supponi che un film sia troppo ampio per vedersi dal tuo | |
2255 Buz e che tu voglia usare <option>-zrcrop</option> per ridurre l'ampiezza del | |
2256 film, allora dovrai lanciare il comando seguente | |
23682
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2257 <screen> |
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2258 mplayer -vo zr -zrcrop 720x320+80+0 <replaceable>benhur.avi</replaceable> |
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2259 </screen> |
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2260 </para> |
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2261 |
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2262 <para> |
23818 | 2263 Se vuoi usare il filtro <option>crop</option>, dovresti lanciare |
23682
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2264 <screen> |
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2265 mplayer -vo zr -vf crop=720:320:80:0 <replaceable>benhur.avi</replaceable> |
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2266 </screen> |
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2267 </para> |
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2268 |
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2269 <para> |
23818 | 2270 Ulteriori presenze di <option>-zrcrop</option> evocano la modalità |
2271 <emphasis>cinerama</emphasis>, per es. puoi distribuire il filmato su varie TV | |
2272 o proiettori per creare uno schermo più grande. | |
2273 Supponi di avere due proiettori. Quello di sinistra è collegato al tuo Buz su | |
2274 <filename>/dev/video1</filename> e quello di destra è connesso al tuo DC10+ su | |
2275 <filename>/dev/video0</filename>. Il film ha una risoluzione di 704x288. | |
2276 Supponi inoltre di volere il proiettore di destra in bianco e nero e che quello | |
2277 di sinistra debba avere fotogrammi JPEG con una qualità 10, allora dovrai | |
2278 eseguire il comando seguente | |
23682
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2279 <screen> |
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2280 mplayer -vo zr -zrdev /dev/video0 -zrcrop 352x288+352+0 -zrxdoff 0 -zrbw \ |
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2281 -zrcrop 352x288+0+0 -zrdev /dev/video1 -zrquality 10 \ |
23818 | 2282 <replaceable>film.avi</replaceable> |
23682
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2283 </screen> |
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2284 </para> |
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2285 |
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2286 <para> |
23818 | 2287 Vedi che le opzioni che ci sono prima della seconda <option>-zrcrop</option> si |
2288 applicano solo al DC10+ e che le opzioni dopo la seconda | |
2289 <option>-zrcrop</option> si applicano al Buz. Il massino numero di schede MJPEG | |
2290 contemporanee in <emphasis>cinerama</emphasis> è quattro, per cui puoi | |
2291 costruire un muro video di 2x2. | |
23682
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2292 </para> |
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2293 |
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2294 <para> |
23818 | 2295 Infine una nota importante: non avviare o fermare XawTV sul dispoitivo di |
2296 riproduzione durante la riproduzione stessa, o ti manderà in crash il | |
2297 computer. Va tuttavia bene <emphasis role="bold">PRIMA</emphasis> lanciare | |
2298 XawTV, <emphasis role="bold">POI</emphasis> avviare | |
2299 <application>MPlayer</application>, attendere l'uscita di | |
2300 <application>MPlayer</application>, e <emphasis role="bold">DOPO</emphasis> | |
2301 fermare XawTV. | |
23682
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2302 </para> |
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2303 </sect2> |
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2304 |
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2305 <!-- ********** --> |
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2306 |
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2307 <sect2 id="blinkenlights"> |
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2308 <title>Blinkenlights</title> |
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2309 |
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2310 <para> |
23818 | 2311 Il driver è in grado di riprodurre usando il protocollo UDP Blinkenlights. Se |
2312 non sai cosa siano | |
2313 <ulink url="http://www.blinkenlights.de/">Blinkenlights</ulink> o il suo | |
2314 successore <ulink url="http://www.blinkenlights.de/arcade/">Arcade</ulink>, | |
2315 scoprilo. Anche se probabilmente questo è uno degli ultimi driver video usati, | |
2316 senza dubbio è il più figo che <application>MPlayer</application> abbia da | |
2317 offrire. Guarda solo alcuni dei | |
2318 <ulink url="http://www.blinkenlights.de/video.en.html">video documentali di | |
2319 Blinkenlights</ulink>. | |
2320 Sul video Arcade puoi vedere il driver di uscita video Blinkenlights in azione | |
2321 alla posizione 00:07:50. | |
23682
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2322 </para> |
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2323 </sect2> |
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2324 </sect1> |
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2325 |
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2326 |
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2327 <!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --> |
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2328 |
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2329 |
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2330 <sect1 id="tvout"> |
23775 | 2331 <title>Gestione uscita TV-out</title> |
23682
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2332 |
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2333 <sect2 id="tvout-mga-g400"> |
23775 | 2334 <title>Schede Matrox G400</title> |
23682
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2335 |
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2336 <para> |
23818 | 2337 Sotto Linux hai due modi per far funzionare l'uscita TV delle G400: |
23682
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2338 </para> |
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2339 |
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2340 <important> |
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2341 <para> |
23818 | 2342 Per le istruzioni per l'uscita TV-out su Matrox G450/G550, vedi per favore la |
2343 sezione successiva! | |
23682
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2344 </para> |
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2345 </important> |
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2346 |
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2347 <variablelist> |
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2348 <varlistentry> |
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2349 <term>XFree86</term> |
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2350 <listitem> |
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2351 <para> |
23818 | 2352 Usando il driver e il modulo HAL, disponibile dal |
2353 <ulink url="http://www.matrox.com">sito Matrox</ulink>. Questo ti farò | |
2354 avere X sulla TV. | |
23682
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2355 </para> |
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2356 <para> |
23818 | 2357 <emphasis role="bold">Questo metodo non ti fornirà una riproduzione |
2358 accelerate</emphasis> come sotto Windows! La seconda uscita ha solo il | |
2359 framebuffer YUV, il <emphasis>BES</emphasis> (Back End Scaler, il | |
2360 ridimensionatore sulle schede G200/G400/G450/G550) non funziona su di esso! | |
2361 Il driver per Windows in qualche modo aggira il problema, probabilmente | |
2362 usando il motore 3D per ridimensionare, e il framebuffer YUV per mostrare | |
2363 l'immagine ridimensionata. Se vuoi davvero usare X, uitlizza le opzioni | |
2364 <option>-vo x11 -fs -zoom</option>, ma sarà | |
2365 <emphasis role="bold">LENTO</emphasis>, e avrà la protezione di copia | |
2366 <emphasis role="bold">Macrovision</emphasis> abilitata (puoi "correggere" | |
2367 Macrovision usando questo | |
2368 <ulink url="http://avifile.sf.net/mgamacro.pl">script perl</ulink>). | |
23682
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2369 </para> |
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2370 </listitem> |
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2371 </varlistentry> |
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2372 <varlistentry> |
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2373 <term>Framebuffer</term> |
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2374 <listitem> |
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2375 <para> |
23818 | 2376 Usando i <emphasis role="bold">moduli matroxfb</emphasis> nei kernel 2.4. |
2377 I kernel 2.2 non hanno in sé la funzionalità TVout, indi sono | |
2378 inutilizzabili per questo fine. Devi abilitare TUTTE le caratteristiche | |
2379 specifiche per matroxfb durante la compilazione (tranne MultiHead), e | |
2380 compilarle dentro ai <emphasis role="bold">moduli</emphasis>! | |
2381 Devi anche avere I2C abilitato. | |
23682
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2382 </para> |
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2383 |
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2384 <procedure> |
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2385 <step><para> |
23818 | 2386 Entra in <filename class="directory">TVout</filename> e scrivi |
2387 <command>./compile.sh</command>. Installa | |
23682
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2388 <filename>TVout/matroxset/matroxset</filename> |
23818 | 2389 da qualche parte nella tua <envar>PATH</envar>. |
23682
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2390 </para></step> |
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2391 <step><para> |
23818 | 2392 Se non hai <command>fbset</command> installato, metti |
23682
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2393 <filename>TVout/fbset/fbset</filename> |
23818 | 2394 in qualche dove nella tua <envar>PATH</envar>. |
23682
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2395 </para></step> |
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2396 <step><para> |
23818 | 2397 Se non hai <command>con2fb</command> installato, metti |
23682
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2398 <filename>TVout/con2fb/con2fb</filename> |
23818 | 2399 da qualche parte nella tua <envar>PATH</envar>. |
23682
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2400 </para></step> |
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2401 <step><para> |
23818 | 2402 Poi entra nella directory <filename class="directory">TVout/</filename> |
2403 nei sorgenti di <application>MPlayer</application>, ed esegui | |
2404 <filename>./modules</filename> come root. La tua console in modalità | |
2405 testuale entrerà in modalità framebuffer (nessuna via di ritorno!). | |
23682
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2406 </para></step> |
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2407 <step><para> |
23818 | 2408 Poi, MODIFICA ed esegui lo script <filename>./matroxtv</filename>. Questo |
2409 ti presenterà un menu molto semplice. Premi <keycap>2</keycap> e | |
2410 <keycap>Enter</keycap>. Ora dovresti avere la stessa immmagine sul tuo | |
2411 monitor e sulla TV. se l'immagine sulla TV (di default PAL) mostra alcune | |
2412 strane strisce, lo script non è stato in grado di impostare | |
2413 adeguatamente la risoluzione (a 640x512 di default). Prova altre | |
2414 risoluzioni dal menu e/o fai dei tentativi con fbset. | |
23682
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2415 </para></step> |
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2416 <step><para> |
23818 | 2417 Evvai. L'operazione successiva è far sparire il cursore a blocco di tty1 |
2418 (o quello che è) e disabilitare lo spegnimento dello schermo. Esegui i | |
2419 comandi seguenti: | |
23682
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2420 |
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2421 <screen> |
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2422 echo -e '\033[?25l' |
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2423 setterm -blank 0<!-- |
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2424 --></screen> |
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2425 or |
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2426 <screen> |
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2427 setterm -cursor off |
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2428 setterm -blank 0<!-- |
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2429 --></screen> |
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2430 |
23818 | 2431 Probabilmente vuoi mettere i suddetti in uno script e anche vuotare lo |
2432 schermo. Per ripristinare il cursore: | |
2433 <screen>echo -e '\033[?25h'</screen> o | |
23682
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2434 <screen>setterm -cursor on</screen> |
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2435 </para></step> |
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2436 <step><para> |
23818 | 2437 Yeah kewl. Avvia la riproduzione del film con |
23682
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2438 <screen> |
23818 | 2439 mplayer -vo mga -fs -screenw 640 -screenh 512 <replaceable>nomefile</replaceable><!-- |
23682
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2440 --></screen> |
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2441 |
23818 | 2442 (se usi X, adesso passa alla matroxfb con per esempio |
23682
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2443 <keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F1</keycap></keycombo>.) |
23818 | 2444 Sostituisci <literal>640</literal> e <literal>512</literal> se imposti la |
2445 risoluzione ad un'altra... | |
23682
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2446 </para></step> |
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2447 <step><para> |
23818 | 2448 <emphasis role="bold">Goditi la ultra-veloce ultra-accessoriata uscita TV |
2449 Matrox (megli di Xv)!</emphasis> | |
23682
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2450 </para></step> |
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2451 </procedure> |
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2452 </listitem> |
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2453 </varlistentry> |
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2454 </variablelist> |
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2455 |
23818 | 2456 <formalpara><title>Costruire un cavo per uscita TV-out Matrox</title> |
23682
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2457 <para> |
23818 | 2458 Nessuno si assume alcuna responsabilità, né risponde di alcuna danno causato |
2459 da questa documentazione. | |
23682
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2460 </para> |
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2461 </formalpara> |
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2462 |
23818 | 2463 <formalpara><title>Cavo per G400</title> |
23682
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2464 <para> |
23818 | 2465 Il quarto pin del connettore CRTC2 è il segnale video composito. La terra sono |
2466 il sesto, settimo e ottavo pin (informazioni fornite da Balázs Rácz). | |
23682
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2467 </para> |
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2468 </formalpara> |
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2469 |
23818 | 2470 <formalpara><title>Cavo per G450</title> |
23682
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2471 <para> |
23818 | 2472 Il primo pin del connettore CRTC2 è il segnale video composito. La terra sono |
2473 il quinto, sesto, settimo e quindicesimo pin (5, 6, 7, 15) (informazioni | |
2474 fornite da Balázs Rácz). | |
23682
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2475 </para> |
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2476 </formalpara> |
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2477 </sect2> |
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2478 |
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2479 <!-- ********** --> |
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2480 |
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2481 <sect2 id="tv-out_matrox_g450"> |
23775 | 2482 <title>Schede Matrox G450/G550</title> |
23682
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2483 |
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2484 <para> |
23818 | 2485 La gestione dell'uscita TV per queste schede è stata aggiunta solo |
2486 recentemente e non è ancora nel kernel ufficiale. | |
2487 Attualmente il modulo <emphasis role="bold">mga_vid</emphasis> non può essere | |
2488 utilizzato, per quanto ne so, perché il driver G450/G550 funziona solo in una | |
2489 modalità: il primo chip CRTC (con molte più funzioni) sul primo schermo (sul | |
2490 monitor), e il secondo CRTC (niente <emphasis role="bold">BES</emphasis> - per | |
2491 chiarimenti su BES, vedi la sezione sopra sulla G400) sulla TV. Perciò per ora | |
2492 puoi usare solo il driver di uscita <emphasis>fbdev</emphasis> di | |
2493 <application>MPlayer</application>. | |
23682
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2494 </para> |
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2495 |
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2496 <para> |
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2497 The first CRTC can't be routed to the second head currently. The author of the |
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2498 kernel matroxfb driver - Petr Vandrovec - will maybe make support for this, by |
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2499 displaying the first CRTC's output onto both of the heads at once, as currently |
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2500 recommended for G400, see the section above. |
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2501 </para> |
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2502 |
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2503 <para> |
23818 | 2504 La patch necessaria per il kernel e l'HOWTO dettagliato sono scaricabili da |
23682
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2505 <ulink url="http://www.bglug.ca/matrox_tvout/"/> |
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2506 </para> |
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2507 </sect2> |
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2508 |
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2509 <!-- ********** --> |
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2510 |
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2511 <sect2 id="tvout-ati"> |
23775 | 2512 <title>Schede ATI</title> |
23682
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2513 |
23818 | 2514 <formalpara><title>PREAMBOLO</title> |
23682
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2515 <para> |
23818 | 2516 Attualmente ATI non vuole supportare alcuno dei suoi chip TV-out sotto Linux a |
2517 causa della loro tecnologia Macrovision sotto licenza. | |
23682
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2518 </para> |
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2519 </formalpara> |
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2520 |
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2521 <itemizedlist> |
23818 | 2522 <title>SITUAZIONE USCITA TV DELLE SCHEDE ATI IN LINUX</title> |
23682
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2523 <listitem><para> |
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2524 <emphasis role="bold">ATI Mach64</emphasis>: |
23818 | 2525 supportata da <ulink url="http://gatos.sf.net">GATOS</ulink>. |
23682
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2526 </para></listitem> |
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2527 <listitem><para> |
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2528 <emphasis role="bold">ASIC Radeon VIVO</emphasis>: |
23818 | 2529 supportata da <ulink url="http://gatos.sf.net">GATOS</ulink>. |
23682
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2530 </para></listitem> |
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2531 <listitem><para> |
23818 | 2532 <emphasis role="bold">Radeon</emphasis> e <emphasis role="bold">Rage128</emphasis>: |
2533 supportate da <application>MPlayer</application>! | |
2534 Controlla le sezioni <link linkend="vesa">driver VESA</link> e | |
2535 <link linkend="vidix">VIDIX</link>. | |
23682
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2536 </para></listitem> |
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2537 <listitem><para> |
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2538 <emphasis role="bold">Rage Mobility P/M, Radeon, Rage 128, Mobility M3/M4</emphasis>: |
23818 | 2539 supportate da |
23682
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2540 <ulink url="http://www.stud.uni-hamburg.de/users/lennart/projects/atitvout/">atitvout</ulink>. |
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2541 </para></listitem> |
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2542 </itemizedlist> |
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2543 |
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2544 <para> |
23818 | 2545 Con le altre schede usa semplicemente il driver <link linkend="vesa">VESA</link> |
2546 senza VIDIX. Tuttavia ti serve una CPU potente. | |
23682
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2547 </para> |
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2548 |
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2549 <para> |
23818 | 2550 Un'unica cosa ti serve fare - <emphasis role="bold">Assicurati di avere il |
2551 connettore TV collegato prima di avviare il tuo PC</emphasis> dato che il BIOS | |
2552 video si inizializza solamente durante il passaggio POST. | |
23682
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2553 </para> |
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2554 </sect2> |
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2555 |
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2556 <!-- ********** --> |
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2557 |
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2558 <sect2 id="tvout-nvidia"> |
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2559 <title>nVidia</title> |
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2560 |
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2561 <para> |
23818 | 2562 Per prima cosa, DEVI scaricare i driver proprietari a sorgenti chiusi da |
23682
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2563 <ulink url="http://nvidia.com"/>. |
23818 | 2564 Non sarà spiegato il processo di installazione e configurazione visto che non |
2565 esula lo scopo di questa documentazione. | |
23682
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2566 </para> |
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2567 |
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2568 <para> |
23818 | 2569 Dopo che XFree86, XVideo, e l'accelerazione 3D funzionano correttamente, |
2570 modifica la sezione Device della tua scheda nel file | |
2571 <filename>XF86Config</filename>, secondo l'esempio seguente (adattalo alla tua | |
2572 scheda/TV): | |
23682
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2573 |
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2574 <programlisting> |
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2575 Section "Device" |
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2576 Identifier "GeForce" |
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2577 VendorName "ASUS" |
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2578 BoardName "nVidia GeForce2/MX 400" |
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2579 Driver "nvidia" |
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2580 #Option "NvAGP" "1" |
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2581 Option "NoLogo" |
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2582 Option "CursorShadow" "on" |
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2583 |
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2584 Option "TwinView" |
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2585 Option "TwinViewOrientation" "Clone" |
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2586 Option "MetaModes" "1024x768,640x480" |
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2587 Option "ConnectedMonitor" "CRT, TV" |
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2588 Option "TVStandard" "PAL-B" |
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2589 Option "TVOutFormat" "Composite" |
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2590 EndSection |
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2591 </programlisting> |
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2592 </para> |
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2593 |
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2594 <para> |
23818 | 2595 Sicuramente la cosa importante è la parte TwinView. |
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2596 </para> |
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2597 </sect2> |
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2598 |
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2599 <!-- ********** --> |
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2600 |
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2601 <sect2 id="tvout-neomagic"> |
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2602 <title>NeoMagic</title> |
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2603 |
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2604 <para> |
23818 | 2605 Il chip NeoMagic si trova in unìampia gamma di portatili, alcuni dei quali sono |
2606 equipaggiati con un codificatore TV analogico semplice, alcuni ne hanno uno | |
2607 avanzato. | |
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2608 <itemizedlist> |
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2609 <listitem><para> |
23818 | 2610 E' stato riportato che si può ottenere un'uscita TV affidabile usando |
2611 <option>-vo fbdev</option> o <option>-vo fbdev2</option>. | |
2612 Devi avere vesafb compilato nel kernel e passare i seguenti parametri sulla | |
2613 riga di avvio del kernel: | |
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2614 <option>append="video=vesafb:ywrap,mtrr" vga=791</option>. |
23818 | 2615 Dovresti far partire <application>X</application>, poi passare alla modalità |
2616 in console con per es. | |
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2617 <keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F1</keycap></keycombo>. |
23818 | 2618 Se non avvii <application>X</application> prima di lanciare |
2619 <application>MPlayer</application> dalla console, il video diventa lento e | |
2620 frammentato (chiarimenti sono benvenuti). | |
2621 Collegati in console, poi lancia il comando seguente: | |
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2622 |
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2623 <screen>clear; mplayer -vo fbdev -zoom -cache 8192 dvd://</screen> |
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2624 |
23818 | 2625 Ora dovresti vedere il filmato in console, che riempie circa la metà dello |
2626 schermo LCD del tuo portatile. Per passare alla TV premi per tre volte | |
2627 <keycombo><keycap>Fn</keycap><keycap>F5</keycap></keycombo>. | |
2628 Provato su un Tecra 8000, kernel 2.6.15 con vesafb, ALSA v1.0.10. | |
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2629 </para></listitem> |
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2630 <listitem> |
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2631 <para> |
23818 | 2632 <emphasis role="bold">Chip di codifica Chrontel 70xx</emphasis>: |
2633 Si trova negli IBM Thinkpad 390E e facilmente altri Thinkpad o portatili. | |
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2634 </para><para> |
23818 | 2635 Devi usare <option>-vo vesa:neotv_pal</option> per PAL o |
2636 <option>-vo vesa:neotv_ntsc</option> per NTSC. | |
2637 Fornirà la funzione di uscita TV nelle modalità a 16 e 8 bpp seguenti: | |
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2638 </para> |
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2639 <itemizedlist> |
23818 | 2640 <listitem><para>NTSC 320x240, 640x480 e forse anche 800x600.</para></listitem> |
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2641 <listitem><para>PAL 320x240, 400x300, 640x480, 800x600.</para></listitem> |
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2642 </itemizedlist> |
23818 | 2643 <para> |
2644 La modalità 512x384 non è supportata dal BIOS. Per attivare l'uscita TV | |
2645 devi ridimensionare l'immagine a una risoluzione diversa. Se riesci a vedere | |
2646 un immagine sullo schermo a 640x480 o a 800x600 ma non a 320x240 o ad altre | |
2647 risoluzioni inferiori devi sostituire due tabelle in | |
2648 <filename>vbelib.c</filename>. Vedi la funzione vbeSetTV per i dettagli. | |
2649 In questo caso per favore contatta l'autore. | |
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2650 </para> |
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2651 <para> |
23818 | 2652 Problemi conosciuti: solo VESA, non è implementato alcun controllo come |
2653 luminosità, contrasto, livello del nero, filtro per lo sfarfallio. | |
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2654 </para> |
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2655 </listitem> |
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2656 </itemizedlist> |
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2657 </para> |
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2658 </sect2> |
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2659 </sect1> |
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2660 |
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2661 </chapter> |