annotate DOCS/Italian/codecs.html @ 4956:84f465d2ff16

KEY_ENTER->quit binding. why doesn't 'pt_step 1' exits if no more file left?
author arpi
date Wed, 06 Mar 2002 21:59:24 +0000
parents 2729796fb896
children c8a3e58a43d8
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1 <HTML>
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2 <BODY BGCOLOR=WHITE>
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3
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4 <FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>
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5
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6 <P><B><A NAME=2.2>2.2. Codec supportati</A></B></P>
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7
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8
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9 <P><B><A NAME=2.2.1>2.2.1. Codec video</A></B></P>
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10
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11 <P>Vedi <A HREF="http://www.mplayerhq.hu/DOCS/codecs-status.html">http://www.mplayerhq.hu/DOCS/codecs-status.html</A> per la lista completa,
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12 generata giornalmente!!!</P>
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13
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14 <P>I più importanti tra tutti:<BR>
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15 <UL>
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16 <LI>MPEG1 (VCD) e MPEG2 (DVD)</LI>
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17 <LI>DivX ;-), OpenDivX (DivX4), 3ivx e altre varianti MPEG4</LI>
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18 <LI>Windows Media Video 7 (WMV1) e 8 (WMV2) usato nei file .wmv</LI>
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19 <LI>Intel Indeo (3.1,3.2,4.1,5.0)</LI>
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20 <LI>MJPEG, ASV2 e altri formati hardware</LI>
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21 <LI>Codec di XAnim</LI>
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22 <LI>VIVO</LI>
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23 <LI>FLI</LI>
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24 <LI>RealVideo 1.0</LI>
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25 </UL></P>
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26
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27 <P>Se hai un codec Win32 non presente qui, e non ancora supportato, basta leggere <A
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28 HREF="#2.2.3">importare i codec</A> per avere informazioni su come aiutarci ad aggiungerne il
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29 supporto!</P>
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30
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31 <P><B><A NAME=2.2.1.1>2.2.1.1. DivX4</A></B></P>
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32
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33 <P>Questa sezione contiene informazioni sul codec DivX4 di
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34 <A HREF="http://www.projectmayo.com">ProjectMayo</A>. La loro prima versione alpha disponibile era la OpenDivX 4.0
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35 alpha 47 e 48. Il supporto per questa era/è incluso in <B>MPlayer</B>, e compilato di
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36 default. Usavamo il suo codice di postprocessing per migliorare opzionalmente la
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37 qualità visiva dei filmati MPEG1/2. Ora usiamo il nostro.</P>
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38
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39 <P>La nuova generazione di questo codec può anche decodificare i filmati fatti con
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40 l'infame codec DivX! E non è tutto, è MOLTO più veloce della
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41 tradizionale DLL DivX Win32 (nota che libavcodec è ANCORA PIU' VELOCE :).
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42 Vedi sotto per la configurazione. L'unico svantaggio di questo codec è che è
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43 attualmente a sorgenti chiusi. :(</P>
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44
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45 <P>Il codec può essere scaricato dalla seguente URL:</P>
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46
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47 <P>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<A HREF="http://avifile.sourceforge.net">http://avifile.sourceforge.net</A></P>
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48
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49 <P>Se non va, prova :</P>
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50
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51 <P>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<A HREF="http://divx.com">http://divx.com</A></P>
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52
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53 <P>Scompattalo, ed esegui <CODE>./install.sh</CODE> da root.</P>
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54
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55 <P>Nota: NON dimenticare di aggiungere <CODE>/usr/local/lib</CODE> a
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56 <CODE>/etc/ld.so.conf</CODE> e di eseguire <CODE>ldconfig</CODE> !</P>
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57
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58 <P><B>MPlayer</B> riconosce automaticamente se DivX4 è (propriamente) installato, basta compilare
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59 come sempre. Se non lo trova, non lo hai installato esattamente come sopra,
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60 e/o ha una configurazione sbagliata (vedi l'ultima domanda della sezione 5.1).</P>
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61
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62 <P>Usarlo è un po' macchinoso. Dato che va in conflitto col vecchio OpenDivX (la sua API è
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63 molto simile a quella di OpenDivX), il codice OpenDivX è disabilitato, e anche il driver OpenDivX
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64 chiamo questa libreria.</P>
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65
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66 <P>Generalmente possiamo indicare la questione col fatto che hai due opzioni per usare
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67 questo codec:</P>
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68
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69 <P><TABLE BORDER=0>
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70 <TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TD VALIGN=top><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>-vc&nbsp;odivx</TD><TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
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71 <TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>usare il codec divx4 come una nuova versione di OpenDivX.
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72 in questo caso produce immagini YV12 nel suo proprio buffer,
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73 e <B>MPlayer</B> (libvo) fa la conversione dello spazio dei colori. (<B>RACCOMANDATO!</B>)</TD><TR>
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74 <TD></TD><TD VALIGN=top><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>-vc&nbsp;divx4</TD><TD></TD>
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75 <TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>usare la conversione dello spazio dei colori del codec divx4.
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76 in questa modalità, puoi usare anche YUY2/UYVY.</TD></TR>
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77 </TABLE></P>
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78
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79 <P>Il metodo 'odivx' è solitamente più veloce, dovuto al fatto che trasferisce
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80 i dati dell'immagine in formato YV12 (planar YUV 4:2:0), richiedendo così molta meno
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81 larghezza di banda sul bus. Per le modalità YUV (YUY2, UYVY) usa il metodo 'divx4'.
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82 Per le modalità RGB puoi scegliere liberamente, la loro velocità è la stessa, forse
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83 differisce a seconda dell'attuale bpp.</P>
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84
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85 <P>Nota: supporta anche il postprocessing (usa l'opzione <CODE>-oldpp</CODE> per
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86 abilitarlo), ma il campo dei valori è strano: </P>
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87
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88 <P><TABLE BORDER=0>
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89 <TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>0</TD><TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
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90 <TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>nessun postproc</TD><TR>
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91 <TD></TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>10 .. 20</TD>
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92 <TD></TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>postprocessing, normale (come il livello 2 con divxds)</TD><TR>
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93 <TD></TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>30 .. 60</TD>
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94 <TD></TD><TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>alto prostprocessing, divora molta CPU (come il livello 4 con divxds</TD><TR>
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95 </TABLE></P>
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96
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97 <P><B><A NAME=2.2.1.2>2.2.1.2. DivX/libavcodec di ffmpeg</A></B></P>
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98
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99 <P>Dalla versione 0.4.2 , <A HREF="http://ffmpeg.sourceforge.net">ffmpeg</A> contiene un codec DivX <B>opensource</B>,
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100 che è compatibile con il tradizionale DivX. <B>MPlayer</B> supporta questo codec,
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101 e questo rende possibile <B>vedere filmati DivX/DivX4 su piattaforme non-x86</B>,
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102 ed avere una decodifica <B>DivX/DivX4</B> molto più veloce di quella dei codec Win32 e
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103 dell'originale libreria DivX4!</P>
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104
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105 <P>Contiene anche molti bei codec, come RealVideo 1.0, MJPEG, h263,
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106 h263+, ecc.</P>
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107
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108 <P>Se usi MPlayer
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109
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110 <UL>
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111 <LI>dalla release : allora hai libavcodec proprio nel pacchetto, basta
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112 compilare <B>MPlayer</B> come al solito.</LI>
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113 <LI>dal CVS : devi scaricarlo manualmente direttamente dall'albero di <B>FFmpeg</B>
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114 :
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115
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116 <P><CODE>
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117 cvs -d:pserver:anonymous@cvs.ffmpeg.sourceforge.net:/cvsroot/ffmpeg login<BR>
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118 cvs -d:pserver:anonymous@cvs.ffmpeg.sourceforge.net:/cvsroot/ffmpeg co ffmpeg
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119 </CODE></P>
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120
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121 <P>Nota: <I>se fai la copia delle sottodirettori con CVS, la prossima volta basta fare
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122 'cvs update'.</I></P>
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123 <P>Ora, sposta la directory dei sorgenti di <B>libavcodec</B> appena scaricata,
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124 (con tutte le sue sottodirectory) nell'albero di <B>MPlayer</B>, quindi risulterà così
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125 :</P>
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126
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127 <P>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>main/libavcodec</CODE></P>
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128
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129 <P>Fare un link simbolico NON è abbastanza, devi copiarlo/spostarlo!!!</P>
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130
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131 </LI>
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132 </UL>
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133 </P>
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134
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135 <P>Quindi compila. configure controlla che tutto dia a posto, e può essere compilato. Il
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136 codec supporta anche il <B>postprocessing!</B></P>
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137
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138 <P>Per usarlo, aggiorna il tuo file codecs.conf, e modificalo come dicono la pagina di man,
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139 o il file example.conf (l'opzione -vfm).</P>
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140
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141 <P>Per raggiungere la <B>velocità massima</B> sul mio K6, rimuovo la sezione
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142 <CODE>ffmpeg12</CODE> da codecs.conf (questo codec non è ottimizzato, e
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143 libmpeg2 è due volte più veloce), e metto <CODE>vfm=5</CODE> nel mio file di configurazione.
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144 Quindi <B>MPlayer</B> usa sempre <B>ffdivx/ffodivx</B> per decodificare i file
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145 <B>DivX/DivX4</B>, e libmpeg2 per MPEG1/2 . Con questo e la mia Matrox G400, posso vedere anche
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146 i filmati DivX/DivX4 con la più alta risoluzione sul mio K6/2 500, senza framedrop.</P>
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147
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148
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149 <P><B><A NAME=2.2.1.3>2.2.1.3. I codec di XAnim</A></B></P>
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150
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151 <P>Introduzione: usare (alcuni) codec XAnim con altri programmi che XAnim, è
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152 <B><I>ILLEGALE</I></B>. E' <B>TUA</B> responsibilità leggere la sua licenza,
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153 e comportarti di conseguenza. Gli autori di <B>MPlayer</B> non possono ritenersi responsabili
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154 per qualunque atto illegale dell'utente.</P>
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155
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156 <P>Quindi si, <B>MPlayer</B> può usare i codec di XAnim per la decodifica. E' molto facile
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157 abilitarli:</P>
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158
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159 <P>
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160 <UL>
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161 <LI>scarica i codec che vorresti usare dal
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162 <A HREF="http://xanim.va.pubnix.com">sito di XAnim</A>. Il codec <B>3ivx</B>
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163 non è lì, quindi scaricalo dal <A HREF="http://www.3ivx.com">sito 3ivx</A>.</LI>
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164
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165 <LI>usa l'opzione <CODE>--with-xanimlibdir</CODE> per dire a configure dove
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166 può trovare i codec xanim. Di default, li cerca in <CODE>/</CODE> (...) .
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167 Alternativamente puoi impostare la variabile d'ambiente <I>XANIM_MOD_DIR</I> alla
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168 directory dei codec XAnim.</LI>
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169
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170 <LI>rinomina i file tagliando la parte relativa all'architettura, quindi avranno dei
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171 nomi come questi : <CODE>vid_cvid.xa, vid_h263.xa, vid_iv50.xa</CODE>
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172
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173 </UL>
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174 </P>
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175
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176 <P>Sono la famiglia di codec numero 10, quindi puoi voler usare l'opzione <CODE>-vfm 10</CODE>
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177 per dire a <B>MPlayer</B> di usarli se possibile.</P>
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178
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179 <P>I codec testati sono: <B>Indeo 3.2</B>, <B>4.1</B>, <B>5.0</B>, <B>CVID</B>, <B>3ivX</B>, <B>h263</B>.</P>
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180
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181
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182 <P><B><A NAME=2.2.1.4>2.2.1.4. Video VIVO</A></B></P>
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183
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184 <P><B>MPlayer</B> può leggere i video Vivo (1.0 e 2.0). Il codec più adatto
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185 per i file 1.0 è il decoder H263 di FFmpeg, puoi usarlo con l'opzione <CODE>-vc
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186 ffh263</CODE> (default) (devi avere il più recente libavcodec !). Per i file 2.0, usa
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187 il file dll <CODE>ivvideo.dll</CODE> di Win32 (da <A
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188 HREF="http://www.mplayerhq.hu/MPlayer/samples/drivers32/ivvideo.dll">qui</A>),
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189 e installalo in <CODE>/usr/lib/win32</CODE> o dovunque metti i codec
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190 Win32. Quest'ultimo codec non supporta le modalità YV12 e YUY2 solo BGR,
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191 quindi utilizzabile solo con gli output X11 e OpenGL. Si spera che ffh263 supporterà
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192 i file VIVO 2.0 in futuro.</P>
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193
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194
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195 <P><B><A NAME=2.2.1.5>2.2.1.5. Video MPEG 1/2</A></B></P>
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196
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197 <P>MPEG1 e MPEG2 sono decodificati con la libreria nativa <B>libmpeg2</B>.
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198 Il suo codice sorgente è incluso in <B>MPlayer</B>, e naturalmente è multi-piattaforma.
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199 Gestiamo i file video MPEG1/2 difettosi controllando quale firma ritorna
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200 libmpeg2, e quando da sig11 (segmentation fault), rapidamente
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201 reinizializziamo il codec, e continuiamo esattamente da dove avviene l'errore.
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202 Nessuna diminuzione di velocità misurabile.</P>
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203
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204
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205 <P><B><A NAME=2.2.1.6>2.2.1.6. MS Video1</A></B></P>
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206
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207 <P>Questo è un pessimo codec molto vecchio di Microsoft. In passato era
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208 decodificato con il codec Win32 <CODE>msvidc32.dll</CODE>, ora abbiamo la nostra implementazione
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209 open-source (di <A HREF="mailto:melanson@pcisys.net">Mike
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210 Melanson</A>).</P>
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211
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212
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213 <P><B><A NAME=2.2.1.7>2.2.1.7. Cinepak CVID</A></B></P>
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214
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215 <P><B>MPlayer</B> ora ha il suo decoder opensource, multi-piattaforma per Cinepak.
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216 Supporta output YUV, così permette il ridimensionamento hardware se lo consente il driver di output video.
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217 Usato di default.</P>
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218
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219
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220 <P><B><A NAME=2.2.1.8>2.2.1.8. RealVideo</A></B></P>
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221
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222 <P>Attualmente è supportato SOLO il codec RealVideo 1.0 (fourcc RV10), per mezzo di
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223 ffmpeg. Purtroppo, nessun nuovo file RealMedia ha questo, solo i nuovi codec
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224 RV20 e RV30 che sono closed-source. Il loro supporto futuro è
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225 improbabile :(</P>
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226
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227
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228 <P><B><A NAME=2.2.2>2.2.2. Codec audio</A></B></P>
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229
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230 <P>I più importanti tra tutti :<BR>
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231 <UL>
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232 <LI>MPEG layer 2, e layer 3 (MP3) (codice <B>nativo</B>, con ottimizzazioni MMX/SSE/3DNow!)</LI>
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233 <LI>MPEG layer 1 (codice <B>nativo</B>, con libavcodec)</LI>
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234 <LI>AC3 Dolby (codice <B>nativo</B>, con ottimizzazioni SSE/3DNow!)</LI>
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235 <LI>Ogg Vorbis (libreria <B>nativa</B>)</LI>
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236 <LI>Voxware (usando la DLL DirectShow)</LI>
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237 <LI>alaw, msgsm, pcm e altri semplici vecchi formati audio</LI>
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238 <LI>VIVO (g723, Vivo Siren)</LI>
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239 <LI>RealAudio: DNET (AC3 a basso bitrate)</LI>
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240 </UL></P>
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241
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242
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243 <P><B><A NAME=2.2.2.1>2.2.2.1. Decodifica software AC3</A></B></P>
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244
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245 <P>Questo è il codec di default usato per i file con audio AC3.</P>
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246
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247 <P>Il decoder AC3 può creare mix audio in output per 2, 4, o 6
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248 altoparlanti. Quando configurato per 6, questo decoder fornisce
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249 output separato per tutti i canali AC3 al driver della scheda sonora,
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250 consentendo il pieno "suono surround" senza il decoder AC3 esterno
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251 necessario per il codec hwac3.</P>
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252
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253 <P>Usa l'opzione <CODE>-channels</CODE> per selezionare il numero di canali output.
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254 Usa <CODE>-channels 2</CODE> per lo stereo. Per 4 canali (Sinistro Avanti,
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255 Destro Avanti, Surround Sinistro e Surround Destro), usa
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256 <CODE>-channels 4</CODE>. In questo caso, qualsiasi canale Centrale sarà mixato ugualmente
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257 ai canali frontali. In ultimo, "-channels 6" darà in output tutti i canali AC3
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258 come sono stati codificati - nell'ordine Sinistro, Destro, Surround Sinistro,
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259 Surround Destro, Centro e LFE.</P>
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260
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261 <P>Il numero di canali output di default è 2.</P>
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262
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263 <P>Per usare più di 2 canali, devi usare OSS,
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264 ed avere un driver della scheda sonora che supporta il numero appropriato di
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265 canali output tramite l' ioctl SNDCTL_DSP_CHANNELS. Per esempio, una
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266 versione del driver emu10k1 (usato con le schede SB Live) più recente dell'agosto
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267 2001 dovrebbe andare bene (ho sentito che anche il più nuovo CVS di ALSA lo supporta).</P>
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268
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269
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270 <P><B><A NAME=2.2.2.2>2.2.2.2. Decodifica hardware AC3</A></B></P>
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271
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272 <P>Devi avere una scheda sonora capace di decodificare AC3, con l'uscita digitale (SP/DIF). Il
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273 driver della scheda deve supportare il formato AFMT_AC3 (come fanno SB Live! o C-Media).
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274 Connetti il tuo decoder AC3 all'uscita SP/DIF, e usa l'opzione '-ac hwac3'.
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275 Può funzionare oppure no (sperimentale). (probabilmente funzionerà solo
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276 con schede C-Media attualmente, sentiti libero di correggerlo per la SB Live)</P>
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277
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278
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279 <P><B><A NAME=2.2.2.3>2.2.2.3. Supporto libmad</A></B></P>
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280
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281 <P><A HREF="http://mad.sourceforge.net">libmad</A> è una libreria di decodifica audio MPEG
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282 multi-piattaforma. Se non sai a cosa serve, probabilmente non ne hai bisogno.</P>
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283
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284 <P>Per abilitare il supporto, compila con l'opzione di configure <CODE>--enable-mad</CODE>.
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285 </P>
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286
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287
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288 <P><B><A NAME=2.2.2.4>2.2.2.4. Audio VIVO</A></B></P>
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289
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290 <P>Il codec audio usato nei file VIVO dipende dal fatto che sia un file VIVO/1.0 o
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291 VIVO/2.0. I file VIVO/1.0 hanno audio <B>g.723</B>, e i file VIVO/2.0
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292 hanno <B>Vivo Siren</B>. Entrambi sono <U>supportati</U>. Puoi prendere la DLL Win32 g.723/Siren
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293 da
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294 <A HREF="http://www.mplayerhq.hu/MPlayer/samples/drivers32/vivog723.acm">qui</A>,
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295 quindi copiala nella directory <CODE>/usr/lib/win32</CODE>.</P>
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296
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297
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298 <P><B><A NAME=2.2.2.5>2.2.2.5. RealAudio</A></B></P>
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299
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300 <P>Attualmente il solo supportato è il codec DNET. In realtà è una
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301 versione a basso bitrate del famoso codec AC3. Si può trovare sia nei vecchi
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302 che nei nuovi filmati RealMedia.</P>
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303
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304
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305 <P><B><A NAME=2.2.3>2.2.3. Come importare i codec Win32</A></B></P>
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306
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307 <P><B><A NAME=2.2.3.1>2.2.3.1. codec VFW</A></B></P>
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308
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309 <P>VfW (Video for Windows) è la vecchia API video per Windows. I suoi codec hanno l'estensione
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310 .DLL o (raramente) .DRV.
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311 Se <B>MPlayer</B> fallisce col tuo AVI dicendo:</P>
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312
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313 <P>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>UNKNOWN video codec: HFYU (0x55594648)</CODE></P>
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314
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315 <P>Significa che il tuo AVI è codificato con un codec che ha HFYU fourcc (HFYU =
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316 codec HuffYUV, DIV3 = DivX Low Motion, ecc...). Ora che lo sappiamo, dobbiamo
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317 scoprire quale DLL carica Windows per leggere questo file. Nel nostro caso,
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318 il system.ini contiene questo (insieme a molti altri):</P>
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319
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320 <P>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>VIDC.HFYU=huffyuv.dll</CODE></P>
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321
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322 <P>Quindi abbiamo bisogno del file huffyuv.dll. Nota che i codec audio sono specificato
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323 dal prefisso MSACM:</P>
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324
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325 <P>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>msacm.l3acm=L3codeca.acm</CODE></P>
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326
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327
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328 <P>Questo è il codec MP3c.
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329 Quindi, ora abbiamo tutte le informazioni (fourcc, file del codec, AVI di esempio), manda
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330 la tua richiesta di supporto codec via mail, e carica questi file all' FTP:</P>
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331
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332 <P>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>ftp://ftp.mplayerhq.hu/MPlayer/incoming/[nomecodec]/</CODE></P>
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333
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334
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335 <P><B><A NAME=2.2.3.2>2.2.3.2. Codec DirectShow</A></B></P>
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336
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337 <P>DirectShow è la nuova API video, che è anche peggiore della precedente.
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338 Le cose sono più difficili con DirectShow, infatti
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339 <UL>
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340 <LI>system.ini non contiene le informazioni necessarie, ma sono scritte nel
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341 registro :(
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342 <LI>abbiamo bisogno del GUID del codec.
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343 </UL></P>
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344
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345 <P>Quindi cerchiamo ne dannato registro..
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346 <UL>
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347 <LI>Esegui 'regedit'
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348 <LI>premi ctrl-f, disabilita i primi due checkbox, e abilita il terzo. Scrivi
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349 il fourcc del codec. (per es.: TM20)
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350 <LI>dovresti vedere un campo che contiene il path e il nome del file
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351 (per es. : C:\WINDOWS\SYSTEM\TM20DEC.AX)
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352 <LI>ora che abbiamo il file, serve il GUID. Prova a cercare ancora, ma
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353 ora cercheremo il nome del codec, non il fourcc. Si può conoscere il nome
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354 quando il Media Player sta leggendo il file, guardando in File/Properties/Advanced.
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355 Se no, peccato ;) Prova ad indovinarlo.
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356 (per es. cerca : TrueMotion)
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357 <LI>se trovato (nel registro), dovrebbe esserci un campo FriendlyName, e un campo CLSID.
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358 Scriviti quei 16 byte di CLSID, questo è il GUID che ci serve.
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359 </UL></P>
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360
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361 <P>NOTA: se la ricerca fallisce, prova ad abilitare tutte le checkbox.. potrai avere
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362 falsi risultati, ma forse avrai quello giusto, anche...</P>
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363 <P>NOTA: butta quella merda di M$.</P>
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364
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365
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366 <P>Quindi, ora abbiamo tutte le informazioni (fourcc, GUID, file del codec, AVI di esempio),
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367 manda la tua richiesta di supporto codec via mail, e carica questi file all' FTP:<BR>
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368 ftp://ftp.mplayerhq.hu/MPlayer/incoming/[nomecodec]/</P>
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369
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370 </BODY>
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371 </HTML>