annotate DOCS/xml/pl/tvinput.xml @ 13815:8d8800a5f662

-sync 1.798 -some Polish fixes
author wight
date Sat, 30 Oct 2004 17:49:53 +0000
parents c757d8773a17
children 5dcb5fb546a6
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1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
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2 <!-- synced with 1.12 -->
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3 <sect1 id="tv-input" xreflabel="TV input">
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4 <title>Wejście TV</title>
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5
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6 <para>
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7 Sekcja ta opisuje jak <emphasis role="bold">oglądać/nagrywać obraz
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8 za pomocą tunera TV kompatybilnego z V4L</emphasis>. Zajrzyj do strony man
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9 by zobaczyć opis opcji TV i klawiszy sterujących.
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10 </para>
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11
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12
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13 <sect2 id="tv-compilation">
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14 <title>Kompilacja</title>
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15
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16 <procedure>
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17 <step><para>
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18 Najpierw musisz przekompilować. <filename>./configure</filename> wykryje
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19 automatycznie nagłówki jądra związane z V4L i obecność urządzeń
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20 <filename>/dev/video*</filename>. Jeśli istnieją, obsługa TV zostanie
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21 wbudowana (zobacz wynik działania <filename>./configure</filename>).
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22 </para></step>
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23 <step><para>
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24 Upewnij się, że Twój tuner działa z innymi programami do obsługi TV pod
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25 Linuksem, na przykład <application>XawTV</application>.
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26 </para></step>
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27 </procedure>
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28 </sect2>
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29
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30 <sect2 id="tv-tips">
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31 <title>Wskazówki użytkowania</title>
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32 <para>
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33 Kompletna lista opcji dostępna jest na stronie man.
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34 Tu jest tylko kilka wskazówek:
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35 </para>
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36 <itemizedlist>
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37 <listitem>
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38 <para>
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39 Używaj opcji <option>channels</option>. Przykład
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40 <screen>-tv channels=26-MTV1,23-TV2</screen>
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41 Wyjaśnienie: używając tej opcji, tylko kanały 23 i 26 będą dostępne oraz pojawi
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42 się fajny napis na OSD przy zmianie kanału, wyświetlający jego nazwę.
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43 Odstępy w nazwie kanału muszą zostać zastąpione znakiem &quot;_&quot;.
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44 </para>
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45 </listitem>
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46
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47 <listitem>
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48 <para>
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49 Używaj rozsądnych rozmiarów obrazu. Rozmiary obrazu wynikowego powinny
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50 być podzielne przez 16.
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51 </para>
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52 </listitem>
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53
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54 <listitem>
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55 <para>
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56 Jeśli nagrywasz obraz video o pionowej rozdzielczości większej niż połowa
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57 rozdzielczości pełnej (np. 288 dla PAL lub 240 dla NTSC), upewnij się, że
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58 włączyłeś usuwanie przeplotu (deinterlacing). W przeciwnym wypadku dostaniesz
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59 film, który jest zniekształcony w trakcie scen o dużej dynamice, a wskazana
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60 szybkość prawdopodobnie nie będzie nawet mogła być utrzymana przez kontroler
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61 szybkości (bitrate controller), gdyż artefakty przeplotu tworzą duże ilości
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62 szczegółów, a co za tym idzie, potrzebują dużej przepustowości. Możesz włączyć
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63 usuwanie przeplotu za pomocą opcji <option>-vf pp=TYP_DEINT</option>. Zwykle
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64 <option>pp=lb</option> spisuje się dobrze, ale to kwestia gustu. Poczytaj o
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65 innych algorytmach usuwania przeplotu na stronie man i zacznij eksperymentować.
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66 </para>
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67 </listitem>
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68
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69 <listitem>
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70 <para>
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71 Usuwaj "martwe miejsca". Kiedy nagrywasz video, są pewnie miejsca przy brzegach,
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72 które są zazwyczaj czarne lub zawierają szum. Jak się łatwo domyślić,
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73 niepotrzebnie wymagają większej przepustowości (dokładniej, to nie same czarne
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74 miejsca, lecz ostre przejścia pomiędzy czarnym kolorem i jaśniejszym obrazem
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75 video, ale nie jest to akurat takie ważne). Zanim zaczniesz nagrywać, ustaw
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76 argumenty opcji <option>crop</option> by wszystkie "śmieci" na brzegach zostały
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77 wycięte. Oczywiście nie zapomnij o utrzymaniu prawidłowych wymiarów obrazu.
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78 </para>
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79 </listitem>
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80
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81 <listitem>
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82 <para>
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83 Uważaj na obciążenie CPU. Nie powinno ono przekroczyć granicy 90% przez
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84 większość czasu. Jeśli masz duży bufor nagrywania,
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85 <application>MEncoder</application> może przetrwać przeciążenie przez najwyżej
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86 kilka sekund i nic więcej. Lepiej więc wyłączyć wszystkie trójwymiarowe
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87 wygaszacze OpenGL i inne tego typu bajery.
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88 </para>
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89 </listitem>
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90
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91 <listitem>
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92 <para>
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93 Nie mieszaj z zegarem systemowym. <application>MEncoder</application> korzysta z
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94 niego do synchronizacji A/V. Jeśli zmodyfikujesz zegar systemowy (zwłaszcza
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95 wstecz), <application>MEncoder</application> się pogubi i utraci klatki. Jest to
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96 bardzo ważna sprawa jeśli jesteś podpięty do sieci i używasz do synchronizacji
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97 czasu różnych programów typu NTP. Musisz wyłączyć NTP w trakcie nagrywania,
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98 jeśli chcesz, by było ono przeprowadzone niezawodnie.
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99 </para>
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100 </listitem>
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101
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102 <listitem>
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103 <para>
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104 Nie zmieniaj opcji <option>outfmt</option>, chyba, że wiesz co robisz lub Twoja
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105 karta/sterownik naprawdę nie obsługuje ustawienia domyślnego (przestrzeń
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106 kolorów YV12). W poprzednich wersjach
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107 <application>MPlayera</application>/<application>MEncodera</application>
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108 konieczne było podanie formatu wyjścia.
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109 Ten problem powinien być rozwiązany w aktualnych wydaniach i opcja
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110 <option>outfmt</option> nie jest już wymagana, a ustawienie domyślne powinno
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111 pasować każdemu. Na przykład, jeśli nagrywasz do formatu DivX używając
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112 <systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem> i podasz opcję <option>outfmt=RGB24</option>
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113 aby zwiększyć jakość nagrywanego obrazu, zostanie on i tak później z
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114 powrotem przekonwertowany do YV12, więc jedyne, co osiągniesz, to ogromna
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115 strata mocy obliczeniowej.
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116 </para>
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117 </listitem>
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118
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119 <listitem>
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120 <para>
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121 By użyć przestrzeni kolorów I420 (<option>outfmt=i420</option>), musisz dodać
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122 opcję <option>-vc rawi420</option> z powodu konfliktu fourcc z kodekiem Intel
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123 Indeo.
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124 </para>
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125 </listitem>
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126
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127 <listitem>
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128 <para>
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129 Jest kilka sposobów na nagrywanie audio. Możesz nagrywać dźwięk za pomocą Twojej
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130 karty dźwiękowej korzystając z zewnętrznego kabla pomiędzy kartą video i
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131 wejściem liniowym lub korzystając z wbudowanego w układ bt878 przetwornika ADC.
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132 W tym drugim przypadku musisz załadować sterownik
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133 <emphasis role="bold">btaudio</emphasis>. Przeczytaj plik
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134 <filename>linux/Documentation/sound/btaudio</filename> (w drzewie jądra, a nie
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135 <application>MPlayera</application>) by dowiedzieć się jak korzystać z tego
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136 sterownika.
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137 </para>
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138 </listitem>
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139
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140 <listitem>
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141 <para>
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142 Jeśli <application>MEncoder</application> nie może otworzyć urządzenia
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143 dźwiękowego, upewnij się, że jest ono rzeczywiście dostępne. Zdarzają się
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144 problemy z serwerami dźwięku typu aRts (KDE) lub esd (GNOME). Jeśli masz
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145 kartę full-duplex (prawie wszystkie przyzwoite karty dostępne obecnie obsługują
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146 tę funkcję) i korzystasz z KDE, spróbuj zaznaczyć opcję "Działanie w pełni
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147 dupleksowe" ("full duplex") w konfiguracji serwera dźwięku.
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148 </para>
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149 </listitem>
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150 </itemizedlist>
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151 </sect2>
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152
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153
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154 <sect2 id="tv-examples">
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155 <title>Przykłady</title>
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156
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157 <informalexample>
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158 <para>
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159 Puste wyjście, do AAlib :)
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160 <screen>
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161 mplayer -tv driver=dummy:width=640:height=480 -vo aa tv://<!--
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162 --></screen>
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163 </para>
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164 </informalexample>
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165
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166 <informalexample>
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167 <para>
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168 Wejście ze standardowego V4L:
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169 <screen>
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170 mplayer -tv driver=v4l:width=640:height=480:outfmt=i420 -vc rawi420 -vo xv tv://<!--
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171 --></screen>
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172 </para>
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173 </informalexample>
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174
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175 <informalexample>
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176 <para>
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177 Bardziej skomplikowany przykład. Każe on
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178 <application>MEncoderowi</application> nagrać pełen
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179 obraz PAL, wykadrować go i usunąć przeplot korzystając z algorytmu
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180 liniowego zlewania (linear blend). Audio jest kompresowane ze stałą
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181 szybkością równą 64kbps, korzystając z kodeka LAME. To ustawienie jest
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182 dobre do nagrywania filmów.
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183 <screen>
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184 mencoder -tv driver=v4l:width=768:height=576 \
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185 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vbitrate=900 \
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186 -oac mp3lame -lameopts cbr:br=64 \
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187 -vf crop=720:544:24:16,pp=lb -o <replaceable>wyjscie.avi</replaceable> tv://
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188 </screen>
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189 </para>
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190 </informalexample>
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191
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192 <informalexample>
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193 <para>
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194 Ten przykład dodatkowo przeskaluje obraz do 384x288 i skompresuje video
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195 z szybkością 350kbps w trybie wysokiej jakości. Opcja <option>vqmax</option>
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196 uwalnia kwantyzator i pozwala kompresorowi video na osiągnięcie tak
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197 niskiej szybkości nawet kosztem jakości obrazu. Może być to używane do
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198 nagrywania długich seriali TV, kiedy jakość obrazu nie jest tak ważna.
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199 <screen>
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200 mencoder -tv driver=v4l:width=768:height=576 \
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201 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vbitrate=350:vhq:vqmax=31:keyint=300 \
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202 -oac mp3lame -lameopts cbr:br=48 \
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203 -vf crop=720:540:24:18,pp=tn/lb,scale=384:288 -sws 1 -o <replaceable>wyjscie.avi</replaceable> tv://
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204 </screen>
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205 Jest również możliwe podanie mniejszych wymiarów obrazu w opcji
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206 <option>-tv</option> i pominięcie programowego skalowania, ale to podejście
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207 wykorzystuje maksymalną ilość dostępnych informacji i jest trochę bardziej
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208 odporne na szum. Z powodu ograniczeń sprzętowych Układy bt878 mogą stosować
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209 uśrednianie pikseli jedynie w kierunku poziomym.
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210 </para>
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211 </informalexample>
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212 </sect2>
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213 </sect1>