annotate DOCS/xml/ru/cd-dvd.xml @ 29585:a17d4f8040f1

free(), delete and delete[] are all different and can't just be used at random, so change code to use the one appropriate for the allocation used.
author reimar
date Wed, 02 Sep 2009 11:07:02 +0000
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1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
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2 <!-- synced with r28706 -->
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3 <chapter id="cd-dvd">
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4 <title>Использование CD/DVD</title>
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5
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6 <sect1 id="drives">
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7 <title>Приводы CD/DVD</title>
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8
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9 <para>
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10 Современные приводы CD-ROM могут работать на очень высоких скоростях, некоторые
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11 из них способны регулировать скорость чтения. Несколько аргументов за
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12 использование этой возможности:
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13 </para>
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14
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15 <itemizedlist>
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16 <listitem><para>
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17 На высоких оборотах возрастает вероятность ошибки при чтении, особенно с
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18 плохо штампованных дисков. Уменьшение скорости может предотвратить потерю
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19 данных в этом случае.
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20 </para></listitem>
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21
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22 <listitem><para>
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23 Многие CD-ROM приводы ужасно шумят, а снижение скорости может привести
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24 к уменьшению шума.
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25 </para></listitem>
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26 </itemizedlist>
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27
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28 <!-- ********** -->
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29
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30 <sect2 id="drives_linux">
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31 <title>Linux</title>
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32
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33 <para>
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34 Вы можете уменьшить скорость вращения IDE CD-ROM приводов программами
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35 <command>hdparm</command>,<command>setcd</command> или <command>cdctl</command>. Это работает так:
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36 <screen>hdparm -E <replaceable>[скорость]</replaceable> <replaceable>[устройство cdrom]</replaceable></screen>
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37 <screen>setcd -x <replaceable>[скорость]</replaceable> <replaceable>[устройство cdrom]</replaceable></screen>
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38 <screen>cdctl -bS <replaceable>[скорость]</replaceable></screen>
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39 </para>
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40
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41 <para>
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42 Если используется эмуляция SCSI, Вам следует применять настройки к реальному IDE
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43 устройству, а не сэмулированному SCSI.
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44 </para>
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45
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46 <para>
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47 Если у Вас есть привилегии администратора, следующая команда
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48 тоже может оказаться полезной:
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49 <screen>echo file_readahead:2000000 &gt; /proc/ide/<replaceable>[устройство cdrom]</replaceable>/settings</screen>
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50 </para>
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51
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52 <para>
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53 Таким образом, предварительно считывается 2 мегабайта (полезно при
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54 дисках с царапинами). Если поставить слишком большое значение, то постоянный
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55 запуск и остановка вращения диска ужасно снизят эффективность.
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56 Рекомендуется также подстроить привод, используя <command>hdparm</command>:
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57 <screen>hdparm -d1 -a256 -u1 <replaceable>[устройство cdrom]</replaceable></screen>
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58 </para>
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59
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60 <para>
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61 Этой командой включается прямой доступ к памяти[DMA], предварительное
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62 чтение и размаскировка IRQ (прочтите man-страницу <command>hdparm</command>,
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63 с более подробным описанием).
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64 </para>
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65
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66 <para>
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67 Обратитесь к
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68 "<filename>/proc/ide/<replaceable>[устройство cdrom]</replaceable>/settings</filename>"
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69 для подстройки Вашего CD-ROM привода.
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70 </para>
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71
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72 <para>
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73 Вы можете настроить скорость SCSI CD-ROM приводов с помощью
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74 <command>sdparm</command>, необходима версия 1.03 или выше:
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75 <screen>sdparm --command=speed=<replaceable>[скорость в кБ/с]</replaceable> <replaceable>[устройство cdrom]</replaceable></screen>
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76 Скорость должна быть указана в килобайтах в секунду, привод
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77 округлит её надлежащим образом. Пожалуйста, обратитесь с странице
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78 руководства sdparm для деталей.
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79 </para>
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80
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81 <para>
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82 There is also a dedicated tool that works for
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83 <ulink url="http://das.ist.org/~georg/">Plextor SCSI drives</ulink>.
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84 </para>
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85 </sect2>
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86
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87 <!-- ********** -->
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88
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89 <sect2 id="drives_freebsd">
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90 <title>FreeBSD</title>
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91 <para>Скорость:
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92 <screen>cdcontrol [-f <replaceable>устройство</replaceable>] speed <replaceable>[скорость]</replaceable></screen></para>
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93 <para>DMA: <screen>sysctl hw.ata.atapi_dma=1</screen></para>
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94 </sect2>
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95 </sect1>
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96
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97
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98 <!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -->
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99
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100
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101 <sect1 id="dvd">
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102 <title>Воспроизведение DVD</title>
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103
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104 <para>
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105 Полный список возможных опций можно прочитать в man странице.
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106 Синтаксис для воспроизведения стандартного DVD таков:
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107 <screen>mplayer dvd://<replaceable>&lt;ролик&gt;</replaceable> [-dvd-device <replaceable>устройство</replaceable>]</screen>
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108 </para>
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109
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110 <para>
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111 Пример:
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112 <screen>mplayer dvd://1 -dvd-device /dev/hdc</screen>
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113 </para>
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114
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115 <para>
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116 Если вы собрали <application>MPlayer</application> с поддержкой dvdnav, синтаксис тот же,
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117 просто укажите dvdnav:// вместо dvd://.
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118 </para>
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119
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120 <para>
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121 Устройство DVD по умолчанию &mdash; это <filename>/dev/dvd</filename>. Если Ваши
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122 настройки отличаются, создайте символическую ссылку или укажите правильное
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123 устройство в командной строке, используя опцию <option>-dvd-device</option>.
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124 </para>
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125
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126 <para>
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127 <application>MPlayer</application> использует библиотеки <systemitem>libdvdread
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128 </systemitem> и <systemitem>libdvdcss</systemitem> для воспроизведения и расшифровки DVD.
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129 Эти две библиотеки содержатся в дереве исходного кода
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130 <application>MPlayer</application>'а, так что отдельно устанавливать их не нужно.
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131 Вы также можете использовать уже установленные в системе версии библиотек, но это
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132 <emphasis role="bold">не рекомендуется</emphasis>, так как может приводить к
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133 ошибкам, несовместимости и потере скорости.
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134 </para>
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135
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136 <note><para>
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137 В случае проблем с декодированием DVD, попробуйте отключить supermount или
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138 другие подобные удобства. Некоторые RPC-2 устройства могут требовать
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139 уcтановку кода региона.
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140 </para></note>
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141
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142 <formalpara>
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143 <title>Расшифровка DVD</title>
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144 <para>
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145 Расшифровка DVD осуществляется библиотекой <systemitem>libdvdcss</systemitem>.
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146 Метод может быть указан переменной окружения <envar>DVDCSS_METHOD</envar>,
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147 подробную информацию смотрите на странице руководства man.
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148 </para>
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149 </formalpara>
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150
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151 <sect2 id="region_code">
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152 <title>Региональный код</title>
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153
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154 <para>
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155 Современные DVD приводы имеют дурацкое ограничение, называемое
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156 <ulink url="http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Код_зоны_DVD">региональным кодом</ulink>.
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157 Это &mdash; способ заставить DVD приводы воспроизводить DVD диски, созданные для одного из
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158 шести различных регионов, на которые разделен мир.
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159 Как может группа людей сесть за стол, придумать подобное и
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160 при этом ожидать, что мир 21-го века поклонится их воле &mdash; это
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161 за пределами человеческого понимания.
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162 </para>
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163
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164 <para>
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165 Приводы, реализующие региональную защиту исключительно при помощи
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166 программного обеспечения, известны как RPC-1 приводы, реализующие ее
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167 аппаратно &mdash; RPC-2. RPC-2 приводы позволяют пять раз изменить код региона,
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168 после чего он фиксируется навсегда. В Linux Вы можете воспользоваться
24334
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169 утилитой <ulink url="http://linvdr.org/projects/regionset/">regionset</ulink>
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170 для установки регионального кода Вашего DVD привода.
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171 </para>
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172
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173 <para>
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174 К счастью, возможна переделка RPC-2 приводов в RPC-1, через
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175 обновление прошивки. Укажите модель Вашего DVD привода в Вашем любимом
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176 поисковике или посмотрите на форуме и разделах загрузок на
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177 <ulink url="http://www.rpc1.org/">"Странице прошивок"</ulink>.
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178 Хотя обычные предостережения, касающиеся обновления прошивки, остаются в силе,
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179 опыт избавления от региональной защиты в основном положителен.
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180 </para>
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181 </sect2>
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182
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183 </sect1>
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184
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185
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186 <!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -->
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187
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188
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189 <sect1 id="vcd">
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190 <title>Воспроизведение VCD</title>
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191 <para>
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192 Полный список возможных опций можно прочитать в man. Синтаксис для обычного
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193 Видео-CD (VCD):
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194 <screen>mplayer vcd://<replaceable>&lt;дорожка&gt;</replaceable> [-cdrom-device <replaceable>&lt;устройство&gt;</replaceable>]</screen>
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195 Пример:
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196 <screen>mplayer vcd://2 -cdrom-device /dev/hdc</screen>
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197 Устройство VCD по умолчанию &mdash; <filename>/dev/cdrom</filename>. Если Ваши
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198 настройки отличаются, создайте символическую ссылку добавьте правильное название
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199 в командной строке после опции <option>-cdrom-device</option>.
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200 </para>
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201
c90dda76143b XML'ization & partial rewrite of main/DOCS/ru/cd-dvd.html
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202 <note><para>
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203 По крайней мере Plextor'ы и некоторые Toshiba SCSI CD-ROM приводы показывают
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204 ужасную производительность при чтении VCD'ов. Это объясняется тем, что
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205 CDROMREADRAW <systemitem>ioctl</systemitem> на этих приводах реализован не полностью.
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206 Если Вы имеете некоторые познания в сфере программирования SCSI, пожалуйста
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207 <ulink url="../../tech/patches.txt">помогите нам</ulink> в написании поддержки
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208 SCSI generic для VCD.
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209 </para></note>
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210
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211 <para>
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212 В настоящий момент Вы можете извлечь данные с VCD, используя
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213 <ulink url="http://ftp.ntut.edu.tw/ftp/OS/Linux/packages/X/viewers/readvcd/">
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214 readvcd</ulink>, и воспроизвести получившийся файл <application>MPlayer
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215 </application>'ом.
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216 </para>
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217
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218 <formalpara>
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219 <title>Структура VCD</title>
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220 <para>
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221 VCD составлен из секторов CD-ROM XA, т.е. дорожек CD-ROM mode 2 form 1 и form 2:
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222 <itemizedlist>
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223 <listitem><para>
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224 Первая дорожка записана в mode 2 form 2 формате, что, в частности, означает
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225 использование коррекции ошибок L2. Дорожка содержит файловую систему ISO-9660 с
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226 секторами по 2048 байт. Там содержатся метаданные VCD,
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227 и картинки, часто использующиеся в меню. Здесь также могут храниться
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228 фрагменты MPEG для меню, но каждый из них должен быть разбит на кусочки по
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229 150 секторов. Еще файловая система может хранить файлы или программы,
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230 не имеющие отношения к работе с VCD.
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231 </para></listitem>
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232
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233 <listitem><para>
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234 Вторая и остальные дорожки содержат MPEG-поток секторами по 2324 байта, по
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235 одному пакету MPEG PS на сектор вместо файловой системы. Это дорожки в формате
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236 mode 2 form 1 и хранят больше информации на один сектор за счет потери возможности
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237 некоторой коррекции ошибок. После первой дорожки также допустимо присутствие
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238 дорожки CD-DA. В некоторых ОС используются различные трюки, чтобы сделать эти
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239 не-ISO-9660 дорожки видимыми в файловой системе. Но Linux
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240 &mdash; это не тот случай (пока).
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241 Здесь MPEG данные <emphasis role="bold">не могут быть смонтированы</emphasis>.
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242 (Вы когда-нибудь монтировали аудио диск
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243 для того, чтобы его воспроизвести?) Так как большинство фильмов находится именно на
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244 таких дорожках, попробуйте сначала <option>vcd://2</option>.
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245 </para></listitem>
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246
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247 <listitem><para>
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248 Существуют VCD диски без первой дорожки (единственная дорожка без файловой
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249 системы). Они проигрываются, но не монтируются.
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250 </para></listitem>
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251
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252 <listitem><para>
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253 Описание стандарта Video CD называется
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254 Philips "White Book" и, как правило, недоступна в онлайн, т.к. должна приобретаться
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255 у Philips. Более подробная информация о Video CD может быть найдена в
e473635bd437 Sync with r26990.
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256 <ulink
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257 url="http://www.vcdimager.org/pub/vcdimager/manuals/0.7/vcdimager.html#SEC4">документации vcdimager</ulink>.
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258 </para></listitem>
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259 </itemizedlist>
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260 </para>
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261 </formalpara>
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262
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263 <formalpara>
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264 <title>Про файлы .DAT</title>
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265 <para>
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266 Файл примерно в 600 мегабайт на первой дорожке не настоящий! Это так
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267 называемый ISO-переход, созданный, чтобы позволить Windows обрабатывать эти
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268 дорожки (Windows вообще запрещает приложениям использовать прямой доступ
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269 к устройствам). Под Linux Вы не можете копировать эти файлы (они выглядят, как
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270 мусор). Под Windows это возможно, поскольку там iso9660 эмулирует прямой доступ
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271 к дорожкам через этот файл. Чтобы проигрывать .DAT файл Вам нужен драйвер,
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272 из Linux версии PowerDVD. Это модифицированный драйвер
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273 iso9660 файловой системы (<filename>vcdfs/isofs-2.4.X.o</filename>), который
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274 способен эмулировать прямой доступ к дорожкам через этот файл. Если Вы
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275 замонтируете диск, используя их драйвер, Вы можете копировать и даже проигрывать
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276 .DAT файлы <application>MPlayer</application>'ом. Но это не будет работать со
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277 стандартным драйвером iso9660 из ядра Linux! Используйте вместо этого
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278 <option>vcd://</option>. Альтернативами для копирования VCD может послужить новый
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279 драйвер <ulink url="http://www.elis.rug.ac.be/~ronsse/cdfs/">cdfs</ulink> (не
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280 входит в официальное ядро) который показывает дорожки[сессии] на диске как файлы
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281 образов и <ulink url="http://cdrdao.sf.net/">cdrdao</ulink>, приложение для
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282 побитового чтения/копирования CD.
9758
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283 </para>
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284 </formalpara>
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285 </sect1>
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286 </chapter>