annotate DOCS/formats.html @ 5395:c8e3d5241531

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author gabucino
date Fri, 29 Mar 2002 22:34:12 +0000
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1 <HTML>
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3 <HEAD>
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5 .text
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6 {font-family : Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
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7 font-size : 14px;}
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8 </STYLE>
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9 </HEAD>
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11 <BODY BGCOLOR=WHITE>
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13 <FONT CLASS="text">
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15 <P><B><A NAME=2.1>2.1. Supported formats</A></B></P>
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16
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17 <P>It is important to clarify a common mistake. When people see a file with a
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18 <B>.AVI</B> extension, they immediately conclude that it is not an MPEG file.
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19 That is not true. At least not entirely. Contrary to popular belief such a file
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20 <B>can</B> contain MPEG1 video.</P>
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21
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22 <P>You see, a <B>codec</B> is not the same as a <B>file format</B>.<BR>
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23 Examples of video <B>codecs</B> are: MPEG1, MPEG2, DivX, Indeo5, 3ivx.<BR>
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24 Examples of file <B>formats</B> are: MPG, AVI, ASF.<BR>
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25 </P>
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26
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27 <P>In theory, you can put an OpenDivX video and MP3 audio
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28 into an <B>MPG</B> format file. However, most players will not play it, since
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29 they expect MPEG1 video and MP2 audio (unlike <B>AVI</B>, <B>MPG</B> does not have the
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30 necessary fields to describe its video and audio streams).
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31 Or you might put MPEG1 video into an AVI file. <A HREF="http://ffmpeg.sourceforge.net">FFmpeg</A>
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32 and <A HREF="encoding.html">MEncoder</A> can create these files.</P>
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35
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36 <P><B><A NAME=2.1.1>2.1.1. Video formats</A></B></P>
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38
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39 <P><B><A NAME=2.1.1.1>2.1.1.1. MPEG files</A></B></P>
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40
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41 <P>MPEG files come in different guises:</P>
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42
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43 <UL>
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44 <LI>MPG: This is the most <B>basic</B> form of the MPEG file formats. It contains
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45 MPEG1 video, and MP2 (MPEG-1 layer 2) or rarely MP1 audio.</LI>
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46 <LI>DAT: This is the very same format as MPG with a different extension. It is used
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47 on <B>Video CD</B>s. Due to the way VCDs are created and Linux is designed,
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48 the DAT files cannot be played nor copied from VCDs as regular files. You have
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49 to use the <CODE>-vcd</CODE> option to play the Video CD.</LI>
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50 <LI>VOB: This is the MPEG file format on <B>DVD</B>s. It is the same as MPG, plus the
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51 capability to contain subtitles or non-MPEG (AC3) audio. It contains encoded MPEG2
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52 video and usually AC3 audio, but DTS, MP2 and uncompressed LPCM are allowed, too.<BR>
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53 <B>Read the <A HREF="cd-dvd.html#4.2">DVD section</A> !</B></LI>
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54 </UL>
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55
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56 <P>Series of frames form independent groups in MPEG files. This means that you
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57 can cut/join an MPEG file with standard file tools (like dd, cut), and it
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58 remains completely functional.</P>
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59
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60 <P>One important feature of MPGs is that they have a field to describe
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61 the aspect ratio of the video stream within. For example SVCDs have
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62 480x480 resolution video, and in the header that field is set to 4:3, so that
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63 it is played at 640x480. AVI files do not have this field, so they have to be
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64 rescaled during encoding or played with the <CODE>-aspect</CODE> option.</P>
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66
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67 <P><B><A NAME=2.1.1.2>2.1.1.2. AVI files</A></B></P>
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68
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69 <P>Designed by Micro$oft, <B>AVI (Audio Video Interleaved)</B> is a
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70 widespread multipurpose format currently used mostly for DivX and DivX4
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71 video. It has many known drawbacks and shortcomings (for example in streaming).
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72 It supports one video stream and 0 to 99 audio streams and can be as big as
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73 2GB. There exists an extension allowing bigger files called <B>OpenDMS</B>.
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74 M$ currently strongly discourages its use and encourages ASF/WMV. Not that
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75 anybody cares.<BR>
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76 <B>NOTE:</B> DV cameras can create two types of AVI formats. One is common and
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77 playable, the other is neither.</P>
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78
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79 <P>There are two kinds of AVI files:</P>
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80 <UL>
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81 <LI><B>Interleaved:</B> Audio and video content is interleaved. This is the
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82 standard usage. Recommended and mostly used. Some tools create interleaved
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83 AVIs with bad sync. <B>MPlayer</B> detects these as interleaved, and this
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84 climaxes in loss of A/V sync, probably at seeking. These files should be
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85 played as non-interleaved (with the <CODE>-ni</CODE> option).</LI>
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86 <LI><B>Non-interleaved:</B> First comes the whole video stream, then the whole
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87 audio stream. It thus needs a lot of seeking, making playing from network or
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88 CD-Rom difficult.</LI>
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89 </UL>
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90
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91 <P><B>MPlayer</B> supports two kinds of timings for AVI files:</P>
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92 <UL>
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93 <LI><B>bps-based</B>: It is based on the bitrate/samplerate of the video/audio stream. This
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94 method is used by most players, including <A HREF="http://avifile.sourceforge.net">avifile</A>
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95 and windows media player.
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96 Files with broken headers, and files created with VBR audio but not
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97 VBR-compliant encoder will result in A/V desync with this method (mostly at
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98 seeking).</LI>
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99 <LI><B>interleaving-based</B>: It does not use the bitrate value of the header, instead
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100 it uses the relative position of interleaved audio and video chunks, making
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101 badly encoded files with VBR audio playable.</LI>
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102 </UL>
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103
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104 <P>Any audio and video codec is allowed, but note that VBR audio is not well
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105 supported by most players. The file format makes it possible to use VBR
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106 audio, but most players expect CBR audio, thus they fail with VBR. VBR is
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107 uncommon and Microsoft's AVI specs only describe CBR audio. I also noticed that
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108 most AVI encoders/multiplexers create bad files when using VBR audio. There are only
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109 two exceptions (known to me): NaNDub and <A HREF="encoding.html">MEncoder</A>.</P>
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110
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111
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112 <P><B><A NAME=2.1.1.3>2.1.1.3. ASF/WMV files</A></B></P>
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113
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114 <P>ASF (active streaming format) comes from Microsoft. They developed two
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115 variants of ASF, v1.0 and v2.0. v1.0 is used by their media tools (windows
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116 media player and windows media encoder) and is very secret. v2.0 is published
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117 and patented :). Of course they differ, there is no compatibility at all (it is
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118 just another legal game). <B>MPlayer</B> supports only v1.0, as nobody has ever seen
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119 v2.0 files :). Note that ASF files nowadays come with the extension .WMA or
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120 .WMV.</P>
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121
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122
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123 <P><B><A NAME=2.1.1.4>2.1.1.4. QuickTime/MOV files</A></B></P>
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124
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125 <P>These formats were designed by Apple. They usually have a .QT or .MOV extension. Note
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126 that since the MPEG4 group chose QuickTime as the recommended file format
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127 for MPEG4, their MOV files come with a .MPG or .MP4 extension (Interestingly
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128 the video and audio streams in these files are real MPG and AAC files. With the
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129 <CODE>-dumpvideo</CODE> and <CODE>-dumpaudio</CODE> options you can even extract them!).</P>
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130
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131 <P><B>Codecs</B>: Any codec is allowed, both CBR and VBR. Note: most new QuickTime files use
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132 <B>Sorensen</B> video and QDesign Music audio. These formats have not been
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133 disclosed and will probably remain so in the future, making Apple's QuickTime
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134 player the only player able to play these files (on Windows/Mac OS only).</P>
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135
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136
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137 <P><B><A NAME=2.1.1.5>2.1.1.5. VIV files</A></B></P>
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138
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139 <P><B>MPlayer</B> happily demuxes VIVO file formats. The biggest disadvantage of
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140 the format is that it has no index block, nor a fixed packet size or sync bytes
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141 and most files lack even keyframes, so forget seeking!</P>
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142
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143 <P>The video codec of VIVO/1.0 files is standard <B>h.263</B>. The video codec
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144 of VIVO/2.0 files is a modified, nonstandard <B>h.263v2</B>. The audio is the same,
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145 it may be <B>g.723</B> (standard), or <B>Vivo Siren</B>.</P>
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146
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147 <P>See the <A HREF="codecs.html#2.2.1.4">VIVO video codec</A>
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148 and <A HREF="codecs.html#2.2.2.4">VIVO audio codec</A> sections for installation
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149 instructions.</P>
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150
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151
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152 <P><B><A NAME=2.1.1.6>2.1.1.6. FLI files</A></B></P>
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153
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154 <P><B>FLI</B> is a very old file format used by Autodesk Animator, but it is
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155 a common file format for short animations on the net. <B>MPlayer</B> demuxes
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156 and decodes FLI movies and is even able to seek within them (useful when
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157 looping with the <CODE>-loop</CODE> option). FLI files do not have keyframes, so the picture
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158 will be messy for a short time after seeking.</P>
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159
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160
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161 <P><B><A NAME=2.1.1.7>2.1.1.7. RealMedia (RM) files</A></B></P>
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162
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163 <P>Yes, <B>MPlayer</B> can read (demux) RealMedia (.rm) files. Seeking works
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164 (the format supports keyframes). Here are the lists of the supported
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165 <A HREF="codecs.html#2.2.1.8">RealVideo</A>
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166 and <A HREF="codecs.html#2.2.2.5">RealAudio</A> codecs.
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167
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168
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169 <P><B><A NAME=2.1.1.8>2.1.1.8. NuppelVideo files</A></B></P>
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170
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171 <P><A HREF="http://mars.tuwien.ac.at/~roman/nuppelvideo">NuppelVideo</A>
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172 is a TV grabber tool (AFAIK:). <B>MPlayer</B> can read its .NUV
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173 files (only NuppelVideo 5.0). Those files can contain uncompressed YV12,
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174 YV12+RTJpeg compressed, YV12 RTJpeg+lzo compressed, and YV12+lzo compressed
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175 frames. <B>MPlayer</B> decodes (and also <B>encodes</B> them with MEncoder to
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176 DivX/etc!) them all. Seeking is being implemented.</P>
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177
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178
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179 <P><B><A NAME=2.1.1.9>2.1.1.9. yuv4mpeg files</A></B></P>
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180
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181 <P><A HREF="http://mjpeg.sourceforge.net">yuv4mpeg / yuv4mpeg2</A> is
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182 a file format used by the <A HREF="http://mjpeg.sf.net">mjpegtools programs</A>.
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183 You can grab, produce, filter or encode video in this format using these.
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184 The file format is really a sequence of uncompressed YUV 4:2:0 images.
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185 </P>
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186
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187
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188 <P><B><A NAME=2.1.1.10>2.1.1.10. FILM files</A></B></P>
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189
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190 <P>This format is used on old Sega Saturn CD-Rom games.</P>
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191
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192
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193 <P><B><A NAME=2.1.1.11>2.1.1.11. RoQ files</A></B></P>
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194
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195 <P>RoQ files are multimedia files used in some ID games such as Quake III and
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196 Return to Castle Wolfenstein.</P>
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197
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198
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199 <P><B><A NAME=2.1.2>2.1.2. Audio formats</A></B></P>
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200
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201 <P><B>MPlayer</B> is a <B>Movie</B> and not a <B>Media</B> player, although
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202 it can play some audio file formats (they are listed in the sections below).
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203 This is not a recommended usage of <B>MPlayer</B>, you better use
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204 <A HREF="http://www.xmms.org">xmms</A>.</P>
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205
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206
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207 <P><B><A NAME=2.1.2.1>2.1.2.1. MP3 files</A></B></P>
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208
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209 <P>You may have problems playing certain MP3 files that <B>MPlayer</B> will
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210 misdetect as MPEGs and play incorrectly or not at all. This cannot be fixed
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211 without dropping support for certain broken MPEG files and thus will remain
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212 like this for the foreseeable future. The <CODE>-demuxer</CODE> flag described
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213 in the manpage may help you in these cases.</P>
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214
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215
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216 <P><B><A NAME=2.1.2.2>2.1.2.2. WAV files</A></B></P>
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217
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218
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219 <P><B><A NAME=2.1.2.3>2.1.2.3. OGG files (Vorbis)</A></B></P>
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220
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221 <P>Requires properly installed <CODE>libvorbis</CODE>.</P>
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222
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223
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224 <P><B><A NAME=2.1.2.4>2.1.2.4. WMA/ASF files</A></B></P>
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225
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226
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227 <P><B><A NAME=2.1.2.5>2.1.2.5. MP4 files</A></B></P>
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228
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229 </BODY>
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230 </HTML>