annotate DOCS/xml/cs/mencoder.xml @ 15219:c931a567a395

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date Wed, 20 Apr 2005 07:41:24 +0000
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1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-2"?>
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2 <!-- Synced with: 1.52 -->
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3 <chapter id="mencoder">
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4 <title>Enkódování s <application>MEncoder</application>em</title>
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5
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6 <para>
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7 Úplný seznam dostupných voleb a příkladů pro <application>MEncoder</application>
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8 naleznete v man stránce. Řadu užitečných příkladů a podrobných návodů pro
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9 použití mnoha enkódovacích voleb naleznete v
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10 <ulink url="../../tech/encoding-tips.txt">tipech pro enkódování</ulink>, které
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11 byly získány z několika diskusí v konferenci MPlayer-users. Prohledejte
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12 <ulink url="http://mplayerhq.hu/pipermail/mplayer-users/">archivy</ulink>,
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13 chcete-li bohatost diskusí o všech aspektech a problémech vztažených
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14 k enkódování <application>MEncoder</application>em.
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15 </para>
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16
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17 <sect1 id="menc-feat-mpeg4">
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18 <title>Dvouprůchodové enkódování MPEG-4 (&quot;DivX&quot;)</title>
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19
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20 <para>
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21 Název vychází z faktu, že soubor je enkódován <emphasis>dvakrát</emphasis>.
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22 První enkódování (dubbed pass) vytvoří dočasné soubory
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23 (<filename>*.log</filename>) velikosti několika megabajtů, které zatím nemažte
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24 (můžete smazat AVI). Ve druhém průchodu je vytvořen dvouprůchodový výstupní
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25 soubor s použitím řízení datového toku z dočasných souborů. Výsledný soubor
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26 bude mít lepší kvalitu obrazu. Pokud jste o tom teď slyšeli poprvé, měli byste
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27 si prostudovat některé návody dostupné na netu.
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28 </para>
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29
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30 <example>
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31 <title>kopírování zvukové stopy</title>
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32 <para>
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33 Dvouprůchodové enkódování DVD do MPEG-4 (&quot;DivX&quot;) AVI zatímco se zvuk
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34 pouze zkopíruje.
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35 <screen>
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36 mencoder dvd://2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=1 -oac copy -o <replaceable>film.avi</replaceable>
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37 mencoder dvd://2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=2 -oac copy -o <replaceable>film.avi</replaceable>
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38 </screen>
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39 </para>
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40 </example>
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41
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42 <example>
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43 <title>enkódování zvukové stopy</title>
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44 <para>
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45 Dvouprůchodové enkódování DVD do MPEG-4 (&quot;DivX&quot;) AVI a současně
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46 enkódování zvukové stopy do MP3.
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47 <screen>
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48 mencoder dvd://2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=1 -oac mp3lame -lameopts vbr=3 -o <replaceable>film.avi</replaceable>
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49 mencoder dvd://2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=2 -oac mp3lame -lameopts vbr=3 -o <replaceable>film.avi</replaceable>
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50 </screen>
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51 </para>
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52 </example>
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53 </sect1>
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54
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55 <sect1 id="menc-feat-mpeg">
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56 <title>Enkódování do MPEG formátu</title>
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57 <para>
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58 <application>MEncoder</application> umí vytvořit výstupní soubor formátu
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59 MPEG (MPEG-PS). To je pravděpodobně použitelné pouze s <emphasis>mpeg1video</emphasis>
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60 kodekem z <systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem></link>, protože
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61 přehrávače &ndash; s výjimkou <application>MPlayer</application>u &ndash;
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62 očekávají MPEG-1 video a MPEG-1 layer 2 (MP2) audio proudy v MPEG souborech.
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63 </para>
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64
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65 <para>
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66 Tato vlastnost nyní není moc užitečná, pomiňme že má asi mnoho chyb, ale hlavně
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67 proto, že <application>MEncoder</application> v současnosti neumí enkódovat
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68 MPEG-1 layer 2 (MP2) zvuk, který všechny ostatní přehrávače očekávají v MPEG
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69 souborech.
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70 </para>
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71
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72 <para>
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73 Výstupní souborový formát <application>MEncoder</application>u změníte použitím
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74 volby <option>-of mpeg</option>.
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75 </para>
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76
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77 <para>
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78 Example:
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79 <screen>
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80 mencoder -of mpeg -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg1video -oac copy <replaceable>další_volby</replaceable> <replaceable>media.avi</replaceable> -o <replaceable>výstup.mpg</replaceable>
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81 </screen>
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82 </para>
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83 </sect1>
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84
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85
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86 <sect1 id="menc-feat-rescale">
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87 <title>Škálování (změna velikosti) filmů</title>
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88
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89 <para>
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90 Často potřebujeme změnit velikost obrázků ve filmu a to z mnoha důvodů: zmenšení
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91 souboru, zátěže sítě atd. Mnoho lidí dokonce mění velikost při převodu DVD nebo
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92 SVCD do DivX AVI. Pokud si přejete video přeškálovat, přečtěte si sekci
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93 <link linkend="aspect">Zachování poměru stran</link>.
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94 </para>
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95
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96 <para>
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97 Samotný proces škálování je prováděn video filtrem <literal>scale</literal>:
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98 <option>-vf scale=<replaceable>šířka</replaceable>:<replaceable>výška</replaceable></option>.
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99 Jeho kvalita může být nastavena volbou <option>-sws</option>.
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100 Pokud ji neuvedete, <application>MEncoder</application> použije 2: bikubickou.
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101 </para>
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102
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103 <para>
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104 Použití:
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105 <screen>
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106 mencoder <replaceable>vstup.mpg</replaceable> -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4 -vf scale=640:480 -o <replaceable>výstup.avi</replaceable>
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107 </screen>
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108 </para>
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109 </sect1>
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110
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111
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112 <sect1 id="menc-feat-streamcopy">
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113 <title>Proudové kopírování</title>
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114
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115 <para>
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116 <application>MEncoder</application> může zpracovat vstupní datové proudy dvěma
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117 způsoby:
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118 <emphasis role="bold">enkóduje</emphasis> je, nebo je
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119 <emphasis role="bold">kopíruje</emphasis>. Tato část je o
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120 <emphasis role="bold">kopírování</emphasis>.
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121 </para>
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122
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123 <itemizedlist>
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124 <listitem><para>
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125 <emphasis role="bold">Video proud</emphasis> (volba <option>-ovc copy</option>):
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126 můžete dělat pěkné věci :) Jako umístění (nikoli konverze!) FLI nebo VIVO nebo
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127 MPEG-1 videa do AVI souboru! Samozřejmě takové soubory přehraje pouze
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128 <application>MPlayer</application> :) A proto to nejspíš nemá žádnou rozumnou
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129 hodnotu. A teď vážně: kopírování video proudu může být užitečné například
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130 tehdy, když má být enkódován pouze zvuk (např. nekomprimovaný PCM do MP3).
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131 </para></listitem>
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132 <listitem><para>
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133 <emphasis role="bold">Audio proud</emphasis> (volba <option>-oac copy</option>):
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134 jednoduché. Je možné vzít externí zvukový soubor (MP3, WAV) a namultiplexovat
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135 jej do výstupního proudu. K tomu použijte volbu
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136 <option>-audiofile <replaceable>soubor</replaceable></option>.
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137 </para></listitem>
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138 </itemizedlist>
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139 </sect1>
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140
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141
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142 <sect1 id="menc-feat-enc-libavcodec">
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143 <title>Enkódování s rodinou kodeků <systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem>
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144 </title>
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145
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146 <para>
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147 <link linkend="ffmpeg"><systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem></link>
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148 zajišťuje jednoduché enkódování do mnoha zajímavých video a audio formátů.
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149 Můžete enkódovat do následujících kodeků (více méně aktuální):
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150
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151 <informaltable frame="all">
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152 <tgroup cols="2">
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153 <thead>
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154 <row><entry>Jméno kodeku</entry><entry>Popis</entry></row>
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155 </thead>
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156 <tbody>
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157 <row><entry>mjpeg</entry><entry>
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158 Motion JPEG
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159 </entry></row>
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160 <row><entry>ljpeg</entry><entry>
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161 Lossless (bezztrátový) JPEG
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162 </entry></row>
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163 <row><entry>h263</entry><entry>
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164 H.263
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165 </entry></row>
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166 <row><entry>h263p</entry><entry>
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167 H.263+
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168 </entry></row>
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169 <row><entry>mpeg4</entry><entry>
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170 standardní ISO MPEG-4 (DivX 5, XVID kompatibilní)
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171 </entry></row>
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172 <row><entry>msmpeg4</entry><entry>
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173 prvotní MPEG-4 varianta od MS, v3 (DivX3)
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174 </entry></row>
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175 <row><entry>msmpeg4v2</entry><entry>
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176 prvotní MPEG-4 od MS, v2 (použitý ve starých asf souborech)
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177 </entry></row>
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178 <row><entry>wmv1</entry><entry>
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179 Windows Media Video, verze 1 (WMV7)
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180 </entry></row>
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181 <row><entry>wmv2</entry><entry>
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182 Windows Media Video, verze 2 (WMV8)
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183 </entry></row>
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184 <row><entry>rv10</entry><entry>
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185 starý RealVideo kodek
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186 </entry></row>
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187 <row><entry>mpeg1video</entry><entry>
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188 MPEG-1 video
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189 </entry></row>
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190 <row><entry>mpeg2video</entry><entry>
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191 MPEG-2 video
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192 </entry></row>
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193 <row><entry>huffyuv</entry><entry>
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194 bezztrátová komprese
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195 </entry></row>
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196 <row><entry>asv1</entry><entry>
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197 ASUS Video v1
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198 </entry></row>
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199 <row><entry>asv2</entry><entry>
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200 ASUS Video v2
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201 </entry></row>
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202 <row><entry>ffv1</entry><entry>
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203 bezztrátový video kodek z FFmpeg
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204 </entry></row>
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205 </tbody>
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206 </tgroup>
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207 </informaltable>
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208
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209 První pole obsahuje názvy kodeků, které můžete přiřadit konfiguračnímu parametru
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210 <literal>vcodec</literal>, např: <option>-lavcopts vcodec=msmpeg4</option>
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211 </para>
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212
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213 <informalexample>
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214 <para>
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215 Příklad, s MJPEG kompresí:
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216 <screen>mencoder dvd://2 -o titul2.avi -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mjpeg -oac copy</screen>
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217 </para>
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218 </informalexample>
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219 </sect1>
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220
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221
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222 <sect1 id="menc-feat-enc-images">
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223 <title>Enkódování z množství vstupních obrázkových souborů (JPEG, PNG, TGA, SGI)</title>
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224
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225 <para>
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226 <application>MEncoder</application> je schopen vytvořit film z jednoho nebo více
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227 JPEG, PNG nebo TGA souborů. Pomocí jednoduchého snímkového kopírování může
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228 vytvořit MJPEG (Motion JPEG), MPNG (Motion PNG) nebo MTGA (Motion TGA) soubory.
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229 </para>
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230
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231 <orderedlist>
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232 <title>Vysvětlení procesu:</title>
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233 <listitem><para>
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234 <application>MEncoder</application> <emphasis>dekóduje</emphasis> vstupní
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235 soubor(y) pomocí knihovny <systemitem class="library">libjpeg</systemitem>
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236 (když dekóduje PNG, použije <systemitem class="library">libpng</systemitem>).
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237 </para></listitem>
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238 <listitem><para>
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239 Potom <application>MEncoder</application> nakrmí dekódovaný snímek do
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240 zvoleného video kompresoru (DivX4, XviD, FFmpeg msmpeg4, atd).
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241 </para></listitem>
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242 </orderedlist>
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243
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244 <formalpara>
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245 <title>Příklady</title>
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246 <para>
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247 Vysvětlení volby <option>-mf</option> je v man stránce.
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248
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249 <informalexample>
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250 <para>
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251 Vytvoření MPEG-4 souboru ze všech JPEG souborů v aktuálním adresáři:
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252 <screen>
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253 mencoder mf://*.jpg -mf w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=jpg -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4 -oac copy -o <replaceable>výstup.avi</replaceable>
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254 </screen>
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255 </para>
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256 </informalexample>
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257
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258 <informalexample>
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259 <para>
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260 Vytvoření MPEG-4 souboru z některých JPEG souborů v aktuálním adresáři:
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261 <screen>
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262 mencoder mf://<replaceable>snímek001.jpg,snímek002.jpg</replaceable> -mf w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=jpg -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4 -oac copy -o <replaceable>výstup.avi</replaceable>
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263 </screen>
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264 </para>
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265 </informalexample>
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266
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267 <informalexample>
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268 <para>
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269 Vytvoření Motion JPEG (MJPEG) souboru ze všech JPEG souborů v aktuálním
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270 adresáři:
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271 <screen>
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272 mencoder mf://*.jpg -mf w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=jpg -ovc copy -oac copy -o <replaceable>výstup.avi</replaceable>
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273 </screen>
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274 </para>
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275 </informalexample>
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276
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277 <informalexample>
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278 <para>
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279 Vytvoření nekomprimovaného souboru ze všech PNG souborů v aktuálním adresáři:
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280 <screen>
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281 mencoder mf:// -mf w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=png -ovc raw -oac copy -o <replaceable>výstup.avi</replaceable>
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282 </screen>
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283 </para>
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284 </informalexample>
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285
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286 <note><para>
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287 Šířka musí být celé číslo násobek 4, to je dáno omezením RAW RGB AVI formátu.
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288 </para></note>
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289
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290 <informalexample>
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291 <para>
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292 Vytvoření Motion PNG (MPNG) souboru ze všech PNG souborů v aktuálním adresáři:
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293 <screen>
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294 mencoder mf://*.png -mf w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=png -ovc copy -oac copy -o <replaceable>výstup.avi</replaceable> <!--
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295 --></screen>
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296 </para>
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297 </informalexample>
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298
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299 <informalexample>
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300 <para>
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301 Vytvoření Motion TGA (MTGA) souboru ze všech TGA souborů v aktuálním adresáři:
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302 <screen>
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303 mencoder mf://*.tga -mf w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=tga -ovc copy -oac copy -o <replaceable>výstup.avi</replaceable><!--
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304 --></screen>
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305 </para>
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306 </informalexample>
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307
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308 </para>
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309 </formalpara>
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310 </sect1>
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311
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312
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313 <sect1 id="menc-feat-extractsub">
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314 <title>Extrakce DVD titulků do VOBsub souboru</title>
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315
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316 <para>
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317 <application>MEncoder</application> je schopen vyextrahovat titulky z DVD do
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318 VOBsub formátovaných souborů. Ty sestávají ze dvou souborů zakončených
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319 <filename>.idx</filename> a <filename>.sub</filename> a jsou obvykle zabaleny
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320 v jediném <filename>.rar</filename> archivu.
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321 <application>MPlayer</application> je umí přehrávat s pomocí voleb
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322 <option>-vobsub</option> a <option>-vobsubid</option>.
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323 </para>
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324
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325 <para>
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326 Zadejte základní jméno (čili bez přípony <filename>.idx</filename> nebo
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327 <filename>.sub</filename>) výstupních souborů pomocí volby
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328 <option>-vobsubout</option> a index pro tyto titulky ve zbývajících souborech
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329 pomocí <option>-vobsuboutindex</option>.
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330 </para>
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331
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332 <para>
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333 Pokud není vstup z DVD, měli byste použít <option>-ifo</option> pro indikaci
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334 <filename>.ifo</filename> souboru nutného k vytvoření výsledného
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335 <filename>.idx</filename> souboru.
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336 </para>
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337
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338 <para>
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339 Pokud vstup není z DVD a nemáte <filename>.ifo</filename> soubor, budete muset
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340 použít volbu <option>-vobsubid</option> k nastavení, pro které id jazyka se má
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341 vytvořit <filename>.idx</filename> soubor.
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342 </para>
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343
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344 <para>
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345 Každým spuštěním se přidají běžící titulky pokud soubory <filename>.idx</filename>
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346 a <filename>.sub</filename> již existují. Takže byste je měli všechny odstranit
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347 dříve než začnete.
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348 </para>
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349
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350 <example>
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351 <title>Kopírování dvojích titulků z DVD během dvouprůchodového enkódování</title>
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352 <screen>
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353 rm titulky.idx titulky.sub
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354 mencoder dvd://1 -oac copy -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=1 -vobsubout titulky -vobsuboutindex 0 -sid 2
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355 mencoder dvd://1 -oac copy -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=2 -vobsubout titulky -vobsuboutindex 1 -sid 5<!--
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356 --></screen>
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357 </example>
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358
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359 <example>
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360 <title>Kopírování francouzských titulků z MPEG souboru</title>
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jheryan
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361 <screen>
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362 rm titulky.idx titulky.sub
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parents:
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363 mencoder <replaceable>film.mpg</replaceable> -ifo <replaceable>film.ifo</replaceable> -vobsubout titulky -vobsuboutindex 0 -vobsuboutid fr -sid 1<!--
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364 --></screen>
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365 </example>
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366
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367 </sect1>
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368
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369 <sect1 id="aspect">
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jheryan
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370 <title>Zachování poměru stran</title>
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jheryan
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371 <para>
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jheryan
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372 DVD a SVCD (čili MPEG-1/2) soubory obsahují hodnotu poměru stran,
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373 popisující, jak by měl přehrávač škálovat video proud, takže lidé nebudou mít
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374 šišaté hlavy (př.: 480x480 + 4:3 = 640x480). Pokud ovšem enkódujeme do AVI
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parents:
diff changeset
375 (DivX) souborů, mějte na paměti, že AVI hlavičky neukládají tuto hodnotu.
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parents:
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376 Přeškálování videa je odporné a časově náročné, takže musí být lepší způsob!
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diff changeset
377 </para>
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378
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jheryan
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379 <para>A zde jej máte</para>
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380
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381 <para>
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382 MPEG-4 má unikátní vlastnost: video proud může obsahovat svůj požadovaný poměr
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diff changeset
383 stran. Ano, přesně jako MPEG-1/2 (DVD, SVCD) a H.263 soubory. Naneštěstí,
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jheryan
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384 <emphasis role="bold">žádný</emphasis> video přehrávač nepodporuje tento atribut
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jheryan
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385 MPEG-4, s výjimkou <application>MPlayer</application>u.
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jheryan
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386 </para>
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jheryan
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387
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388 <para>
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389 Tato vlastnost může být použita pouze s kodekem <systemitem>mpeg4</systemitem> z
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jheryan
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diff changeset
390 <link linkend="ffmpeg"><systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem></link>u.
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jheryan
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391 Mějte na paměti: ačkoli
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jheryan
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392 <application>MPlayer</application> korektně přehraje vytvořený soubor, ostatní
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
393 přehrávače použijí špatný poměr stran.
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jheryan
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diff changeset
394 </para>
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395
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jheryan
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396 <para>
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jheryan
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397 Opravdu byste měli oříznout černé okraje nad a pod filmem.
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jheryan
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diff changeset
398 Nastudujte si použití filtrů <systemitem>cropdetect</systemitem> a
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
399 <systemitem>crop</systemitem> v man stránce.
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jheryan
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400 </para>
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parents:
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401
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
402 <para>
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parents:
diff changeset
403 Použití
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jheryan
parents:
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404 <screen>mencoder <replaceable>vzorové-svcd.mpg</replaceable> -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:autoaspect -vf crop=714:548:0:14 -oac copy -o <replaceable>výstup.avi</replaceable></screen>
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diff changeset
405 </para>
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jheryan
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diff changeset
406 </sect1>
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407
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parents:
diff changeset
408 <sect1 id="custommatrices"><title>Uživatelské inter/intra matice</title>
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jheryan
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diff changeset
409
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
410 <para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
411 Díky této vlastnosti
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
412 <link linkend="ffmpeg"><systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem></link>u
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jheryan
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diff changeset
413 můžete nastavit uživatelskou inter (I-snímky/klíčové snímky) a intra
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
414 (P-snímky/predikované (rozumějte vypočítané) snímky) matice. To je podporováno
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
415 mnoha kodeky:
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
416 <systemitem>mpeg1video</systemitem> a <systemitem>mpeg2video</systemitem>
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jheryan
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diff changeset
417 jsou hlášeny jako funkční.
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
418 </para>
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jheryan
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diff changeset
419
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jheryan
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diff changeset
420 <para>
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jheryan
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diff changeset
421 Typické použití této vlastnosti je nastavení matic preferovaných
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
422 <ulink url="http://www.kvcd.net/">KVCD</ulink> specifikacemi.
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jheryan
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diff changeset
423 </para>
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jheryan
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424
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jheryan
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diff changeset
425 <para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
426 <emphasis role="bold">Kvantizační Matice KVCD &quot;Notch&quot;:</emphasis>
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jheryan
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diff changeset
427 </para>
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jheryan
parents:
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428
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
429 <para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
430 Intra:
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
431 <screen>
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parents:
diff changeset
432 8 9 12 22 26 27 29 34
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
433 9 10 14 26 27 29 34 37
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
434 12 14 18 27 29 34 37 38
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
435 22 26 27 31 36 37 38 40
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
436 26 27 29 36 39 38 40 48
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
437 27 29 34 37 38 40 48 58
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
438 29 34 37 38 40 48 58 69
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
439 34 37 38 40 48 58 69 79
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
440 </screen>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
441
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
442 Inter:
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
443 <screen>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
444 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
445 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
446 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34
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parents:
diff changeset
447 22 24 26 30 32 32 34 36
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
448 24 26 28 32 34 34 36 38
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parents:
diff changeset
449 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
450 28 30 32 34 36 38 42 42
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
451 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
452 </screen>
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jheryan
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453 </para>
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jheryan
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454
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455 <para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
456 Použití:
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
457 <screen>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
458 $ mencoder <replaceable>vstup.avi</replaceable> -o <replaceable>výstup.avi</replaceable> -oac copy -ovc lavc -lavcopts inter_matrix=...:intra_matrix=...
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
459 </screen>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
460 </para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
461
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jheryan
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diff changeset
462 <para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
463 <screen>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
464 $ mencoder <replaceable>vstup.avi</replaceable> -ovc lavc -lavcopts
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
465 vcodec=mpeg2video:intra_matrix=8,9,12,22,26,27,29,34,9,10,14,26,27,29,34,37,
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
466 12,14,18,27,29,34,37,38,22,26,27,31,36,37,38,40,26,27,29,36,39,38,40,48,27,
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
467 29,34,37,38,40,48,58,29,34,37,38,40,48,58,69,34,37,38,40,48,58,69,79
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
468 :inter_matrix=16,18,20,22,24,26,28,30,18,20,22,24,26,28,30,32,20,22,24,26,
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
469 28,30,32,34,22,24,26,30,32,32,34,36,24,26,28,32,34,34,36,38,26,28,30,32,34,
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
470 36,38,40,28,30,32,34,36,38,42,42,30,32,34,36,38,40,42,44 -oac copy -o svcd.mpg
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
471 </screen>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
472 </para>
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jheryan
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diff changeset
473 </sect1>
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jheryan
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diff changeset
474
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parents:
diff changeset
475 <sect1 id="menc-feat-dvd-mpeg4">
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
476 <title>Vytvoření MPEG-4 (&quot;DivX&quot;) ripu DVD filmu ve vysoké kvalitě</title>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
477
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
478 <para>
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parents:
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479 Velmi častou otázkou je "Jak mohu vytvořit rip v nejvyšší možné kvalitě pro
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
480 danou velikost?". Další otázkou je "Jak vytvořím DVD rip v nejvyšší možné
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
481 kvalitě? Velikost souboru mě nezajímá, chci tu nejvyšší kvalitu."
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
482 </para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
483
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
484 <para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
485 Druhá otázka je poněkud špatně položená. Konec konců, pokud je vám lhostejná
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
486 velikost souboru, proč prostě nezkopírujete celý MPEG-2 video proud z DVD?
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
487 Jistěže vaše AVI bude mít kolem 5 GB, ale pokud chcete nejvyšší kvalitu a
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
488 na velikosti nezáleží, je to jistě nejlepší volba.
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
489 </para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
490
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
491 <para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
492 Ve skutečnosti, důvodem převodu DVD do MPEG-4 je právě to, že vám na velikosti
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
493 souboru <emphasis role="bold">záleží</emphasis>.
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jheryan
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494 </para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
495
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jheryan
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496 <para>
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jheryan
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497 Je těžké nabídnout kuchařku jak vytvořit DVD rip ve velmi vysoké kvalitě. Je
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jheryan
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diff changeset
498 nutné uvážit množství faktorů a měli byste rozumět těmto detailům, jinak
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
499 budete asi zklamáni výsledkem. Níže prozkoumáme některé z těchto věcí a
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
500 pak se podíváme na příklad. Předpokládáme, že použijete
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
501 <systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem> pro enkódování videa,
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
502 ačkoli teorie je stejná i pro ostatní kodeky.
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
503 </para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
504
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
505 <para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
506 Pokud je toho na vás moc, asi byste měli použít některý z pěkných frontendů,
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
507 které jsou zmíněny v
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
508 <ulink url="http://mplayerhq.hu/homepage/design7/projects.html#mencoder_frontends">sekci MEncoder</ulink>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
509 na naší stránce odvozených projektů.
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
510 Takto budete schopni dosahovat vysoce kvalitních ripů bez velkého přemýšlení,
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
511 protože většina těchto nástrojů je navržena tak, aby dělala vhodná rozhodnutí
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
512 za vás.
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
513 </para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
514
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
515 <sect2 id="menc-feat-dvd-mpeg4-2pass">
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
516 <title>Pevný kvantizer vs. dva průchody</title>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
517
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
518 <para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
519 Jsou tři přístupy k enkódování videa: pevný datový tok (CBR), pevný kvantizer
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
520 a dvouprůchodový (ABR, nebili průměrovaný datový tok).
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
521 </para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
522
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
523 <para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
524 V každém z těchto režimů <systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
525 rozbije videosnímek na makrobloky 16x16 pixelů a potom na každý makroblok
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
526 aplikuje kvantizer. Čím je nižší kvantizer, tím je vyšší kvalita a datový tok.
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
527 Metoda, kterou <systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem> používá pro
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
528 určení jaký kvantizer použít pro daný makroblok, se liší a je vysoce
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
529 ovlivnitelná. (Toto je extrémní zjednodušení daného procesu, ale je vhodné
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
530 rozumět základnímu principu.)
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
531 </para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
532
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
533 <para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
534 Pokud nastavíte konstantní datový tok, <systemitem
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
535 class="library">libavcodec</systemitem> bude enkódovat video tak, že zahodí
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
536 detaily podle potřeby a jen tolik, aby se udržel pod zadaným datovým tokem.
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
537 Pokud je vám opravdu lhostejná velikost souboru, můžete také použít CBR a
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
538 nastavit datový tok na nekonečno. (V praxi to znamená nastavit hodnotu tak
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
539 vysoko, aby nijak neomezovala, jako 10000 Kbitů.) Bez reálného omezení
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
540 datového toku použije <systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
541 nejnižší možný kvantizer pro každý makroblok (ten je nastaven pomocí
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
542 <option>vqmin</option>, výchozí je 2). Jakmile nastavíte dostatečně nižší
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
543 datový tok, takže je <systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
544 přinucen použít vyšší kvantizer, pak téměř jistě snížíte kvalitu svého videa.
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
545 Abyste se tomu vyhnuli, měli byste zvážit zmenšení videa podle postupu
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
546 popsaného později v této příručce.
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
547 </para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
548
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
549 <para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
550 Při konstantním kvantizeru <systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
551 používá kvantizer nastavený volbou <option>vqscale</option> na každý makroblok.
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
552 Pokud chcete maximálně kvalitní rip, opět bez ohledu na datový tok, můžete
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
553 použít <option>vqscale=2</option>. To povede ke stejnému datovému toku a PSNR
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
554 (odstup signál&ndash;šum) jako CBR s <option>vbitrate</option>=infinity a
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
555 výchozím <option>vqmin</option> rovným 2.
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
556 </para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
557
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
558 <para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
559 Problém s konstantní kvantizací je ten, že používá zadaný kvantizer ať to daný
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
560 makroblok potřebuje či nikoli. Je totiž možné použít vyšší kvantizer na
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
561 makroblok bez obětování viditelné kvality. Proč tedy plýtvat bity s nemístně
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
562 nízkým kvantizerem? Váše CPU má tolik cyklů, kolik máte času, ale na harddisku
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
563 máte jen určitý počet bitů.
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
564 </para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
565
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
566 <para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
567 Při dvouprůchodovém enkódování se v prvním průchodu projde film jakoby měl být
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
568 CBR, ale vlastnosti každého snímku se zaznamenají do logu. Tato data jsou pak
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
569 použita při druhém průchodu pro inteligentní stanovení použitého kvantizeru.
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
570 V rychlých scénách nebo scénách s malým počtem detailů budou častěji používány
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
571 vyšší kvantizery a v pomalých nebo detailních scénách zase nižší kvantizery.
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
572 </para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
573
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
574 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
575 Pokud použijete <option>vqscale=2</option>, plýtváte bity. Pokud použijete
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
576 <option>vqscale=3</option>, pak nedostanete nejkvalitnější možný rip.
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
577 Dejme tomu, že ripujete DVD při <option>vqscale=3</option> a
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
578 výsledkem je 1800Kbit. Pokud provedete dvouprůchodové enkódování
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
579 s <option>vbitrate=1800</option>, výsledné video bude mít <emphasis
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
580 role="bold">vyšší kvalitu</emphasis> při
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
581 <emphasis role="bold">stejném datovém toku</emphasis>.
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
582 </para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
583
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
584 <para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
585 Jelikož jsme vás nyní přesvědčili, že dvouprůchodový režim je správná volba,
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
586 skutečnou otázkou je, jaký datový tok použít? Odpověď je, že není jediná
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
587 odpověď. Ideálně byste měli zvolit takový datový tok, který zajistí nejlepší
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
588 rovnováhu mezi kvalitou a velikostí souboru. Ten bude pokaždé jiný
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
589 v závislosti na zdrojovém videu.
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
590 </para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
591
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
592 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
593 Pokud na velikosti souboru nezáleží, pak je dobrý startovní můstek pro rip
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
594 s velmi vysokou kvalitou je kolem 2000 Kbitů plus-mínus 200 Kbitů.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
595 Pro rychlé akční nebo vysoce detailní zdrojové video, nebo máte-li velmi
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
596 kritické oko, se budete rozhodovat mezi 2400 nebo 2600.
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
597 U některých DVD nepoznáte rozdíl při 1400 Kbitech. Je vhodné experimentovat
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
598 se scénami při různých datových tocích, abyste pro to dostali cit.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
599 </para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
600
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
601 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
602 Pokud se snažíte o určitou velikost, budete muset nějak spočítat datový tok.
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
603 Ale ještě předtím musíte zjistit, kolik místa byste měli rezervovat pro
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
604 zvukové(ou) stopy(u), takže byste si
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
605 <link linkend="menc-feat-dvd-mpeg4-audio">je měli ripnout</link> jako první.
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
606 Můžete si pak spočítat datový tok pomocí následující rovnice:
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
607 <systemitem>datový_tok = (požadovaná_velikost_v_Mbajtech - velikost_zvuku_v_Mbajtech) *
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
608 1024 * 1024 / délka_v_sek * 8 / 1000</systemitem>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
609 Například abyste nacpali dvouhodinový film na 702MB CD, se 60MB zvukovou
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
610 stopou, bude muset být datový tok videa:
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
611 <systemitem>(702 - 60) * 1024 * 1024 / (120*60) * 8 / 1000
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
612 = 740kbps (kilobitů za sekundu)</systemitem>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
613 </para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
614
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
615 </sect2>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
616
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
617
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
618 <sect2 id="menc-feat-dvd-mpeg4-constraints">
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
619 <title>Omezení pro efektivní enkódování</title>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
620
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
621 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
622 Ze samé podstaty komprese typu MPEG vyplývají určitá omezení, která byste měli
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
623 ctít, pokud chcete maximální kvalitu.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
624 MPEG rozdělí video na čtverce 16x16 nazývané makrobloky, které se skládají
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
625 ze čtyř bloků 8x8 jasové (luma) složky a dvou bloků 8x8 barevné (chroma)
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
626 složky v polovičním rozlišení (jeden pro osu červená-cyan (modrozelená) a druhý pro osu
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
627 modrá-žlutá).
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
628 Dokonce i když šířka a výška vašeho videa nejsou násobky 16, použije enkodér
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
629 dostatek 16x16 makrobloků, aby pokryl celou oblast obrazu a zabere místo
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
630 navíc, které přijde vniveč.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
631 Takže chcete-li maximalizovat kvalitu při dané velikosti souboru, není dobrý
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
632 nápad používat rozměry které nejsou násobky 16.
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
633 </para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
634
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
635 <para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
636 Většina DVD má také různě velké černé okraje videa. Ponechání těchto ploch
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
637 může různým způsobem snížit kvalitu.
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
638 </para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
639
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
640 <orderedlist>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
641 <listitem>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
642 <para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
643 Komprese typu MPEG je rovněž velmi závislá na plošných frekvenčních
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
644 transformacích, konkrétně Diskrétní Kosinové Transformaci (DCT), která se
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
645 podobá Fourierově transformaci. Tento druh enkódování je efektivní na
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
646 reprezentaci opakujících se vzorů a pozvolné přechody, ale má potíže s ostrými
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
647 přechody. Chcete-li je enkódovat, musíte použít mnoho bitů, jinak se objeví
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
648 artefakty známé jako kroužkování.
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
649 </para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
650
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
651 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
652 Frekvenční transformace (DCT) je provedena zvlášť pro každý makroblok
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
653 (ve skutečnosti na každý blok), takže problém nastane pouze tehdy, je-li ostrý
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
654 přechod uvnitř bloku. Pokud vaše černé okraje začínají přesně na hranicích
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
655 násobků 16 pixelů, pak to není problém. Černé okraje jsou však na DVD jen
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
656 málokdy pěkně umístěny, takže je v praxi budete muset vždy odstranit, abyste
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
657 se vyhnuli tomuto problému.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
658 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
659 </listitem>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
660 </orderedlist>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
661
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
662 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
663 Navíc k plošně frekvenčním transformacím používá komprese typu MPEG vektory
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
664 pohybu k popisu změn od jednoho snímku ke druhému. Vektory pohybu přirozeně
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
665 pracují méně efektivně s novým obsahem přicházejícím zpoza okrajů snímku,
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
666 protože ten nebyl přítomen na předchozím snímku. Dokud se obraz rozšiřuje
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
667 směrem k okrajům snímku, nemají s tím vektory pohybu žádný problém, ale
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
668 jsou-li zde černé okraje, může problém nastat:
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
669 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
670
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
671 <orderedlist continuation="continues">
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
672 <listitem>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
673 <para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
674 Komprese typu MPEG ukládá pro každý makroblok vektor, identifikující která
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
675 část předchozího obrázku by měla být zkopírována onoho makrobloku jako základ
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
676 pro predikci následujícího snímku. Pouze zbývající odlišnosti musí být
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
677 enkódovány. Pokud makroblok přesahuje okraj obrázku a obsahuje část černého
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
678 okraje, vektory pohybu z ostatních částí obrázku přepíší černý okraj.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
679 To znamená mnoho bitů spotřebovaných buď na znovuzačernění, nebo se (spíš)
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
680 vektory pohybu nepoužijí vůbec a všechny změny v tomto makrobloku se budou
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
681 kódovat přímo. Jinými slovy se velmi sníží efektivita enkódování.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
682 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
683
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
684 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
685 Tento problém nastává opět jen v případě, že černé okraje nezačínají na lince
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
686 jejíž pozice je násobkem 16.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
687 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
688 </listitem>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
689
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
690 <listitem>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
691 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
692 Nakonec zde máme makroblok uvnitř obrázku do nějž se posunuje objekt z okraje
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
693 obrázku. Kódování typu MPEG neumí říct "zkopíruj to co je na obrázku, ale ne
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
694 černý okraj." Takže se zkopíruje i černý okraj a spotřebuje se spousta bitů
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
695 na enkódování té části obrázku, která tu měla být.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
696 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
697
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
698 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
699 Pokud se obrázek dostane úplně ven z enkódované oblasti, má MPEG speciální
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
700 optimalizace pro opakované kopírování pixelů na okraj obrázku pokud přijde
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
701 vektor pohybu zvenčí enkódované oblasti. Tato vlastnost bude k ničemu, pokud
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
702 má film černé okraje. Na rozdíl od problémů 1 a 2 zde umístění okrajů na
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
703 násobky 16 nepomůže.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
704 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
705 </listitem>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
706
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
707 <listitem>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
708 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
709 Navzdory tomu, že okraje jsou úplně černé a nikdy se nemění, je zde vždy
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
710 alespoň minimální datový tok spotřebovaný na větší množství makrobloků.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
711 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
712 </listitem>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
713 </orderedlist>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
714
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
715 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
716 Ze všech těchto důvodů doporučujeme zcela odstranit černé okraje. Dále, pokud
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
717 je na okraji obrázku oblast se šumem/zkreslením, jejím odstřižením se ještě
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
718 zvýší efektivita enkódování. Videofilní puristé, kteří chtějí zůstat tak
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
719 blízko originálu, jak je to jen možné, mohou protestovat proti tomuto ořezání,
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
720 ale pokud nehodláte enkódovat s konstantním kvantizerem, kvalita kterou
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
721 dostanete díky ořezání znatelně převýší množství ztracených informací na
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
722 okrajích.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
723 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
724 </sect2>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
725
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
726
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
727 <sect2 id="menc-feat-dvd-mpeg4-crop">
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
728 <title>Ořezávání a škálování</title>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
729
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
730 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
731 Nativní DVD rozlišení je 720x480 pro NTSC a 720x576 pro PAL, ale je zde ještě
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
732 příznak poměru stran, který udává, zda se jedná o obrazovku (full-screen)(4:3),
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
733 nebo širokoúhlý film (wide-screen)(16:9). Mnoho (jestli ne většina)
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
734 širokoúhlých DVD není přesně 16:9, ale bude buď 1.85:1 anebo 2.35:1
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
735 (cinescope). To znamená, že zde budou ve videu černé okraje, které bude nutné
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
736 odstřihnout.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
737 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
738
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
739 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
740 <application>MPlayer</application> poskytuje filtr pro detekci potřebného
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
741 ořezu, který stanoví ořezový obdélník (<option>-vf cropdetect</option>).
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
742 Protože MPEG-4 používá makrobloky 16x16, měli byste se ujistit, že oba rozměry
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
743 videa jsou násobkem 16, jinak snížíte kvalitu, zvlášť při nízkých datových
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
744 tocích. Můžete to zajistit zaokrouhlením šířky a výšky ořezového obdélníku
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
745 dolů na nejbližší násobek 16. Při ořezávání byste měli zvýšit odsazení
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
746 (offset) v ose y o polovinu rozdílu mezi starou a novou výškou, takže bude
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
747 výsledné video bráno ze středu snímku. Z důvodu principu vzorkování DVD videa
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
748 se ujistěte, že je odsazení sudé číslo. (Popravdě, přijměte jako pravidlo,
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
749 nikdy nepoužívat liché hodnoty pro jakýkoli z parametrů při ořezávání a
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
750 škálování videa.) Pokud nechcete zahodit těch několik pixelů navíc, můžete
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
751 místo toho raději změnit velikost videa (škálovat). Na to se podíváme
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
752 v příkladu níže.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
753 V praxi můžete nechat filtr <option>cropdetect</option> udělat všechnu práci
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
754 zmíněnou výše, jelikož má volitelný parametr <option>round</option>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
755 (zaokrouhlení), jehož výchozí hodnota je 16.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
756 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
757
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
758 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
759 Rovněž buďte opatrní na "napůl černé" pixely na okrajích. Vždy je rovněž
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
760 odstřihněte, jinak zde budete plýtvat bity, které můžete použít jinde.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
761 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
762
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
763 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
764 Poté co provedete vše, co jsme si doposud řekli, budete mít video, které asi
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
765 nebude právě 1.85:1 nebo 2.35:1, ale někde poblíž. Můžete spočítat nový poměr
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
766 stran ručně, ale <application>MEncoder</application> nabízí volbu pro
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
767 class="library">libavcodec</systemitem> nazývanou <option>autoaspect</option>,
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
768 která to za vás udělá. Nezvětšujte video jen proto, abyste dosáhli čtvercových
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
769 pixelů, pokud je vám milé místo na disku. Škálování by mělo být provedeno při
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
770 přehrávání, kdy přehrávač použije poměr stran uložený v AVI pro zajištění
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
771 správného rozlišení.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
772 Naneštěstí ne všechny přehrávače uplatňují tuto autoškálovací informaci,
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
773 takže můžete přece jen chtít škálovat.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
774 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
775
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
776 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
777 Nejdřív byste si měli spočítat enkódovaný poměr stran:
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
778 <systemitem>PSo = (Šo x (PSa / PRdvd )) / Vo</systemitem>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
779 <itemizedlist>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
780 <title>kde:</title>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
781 <listitem><para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
782 Šo a Vo jsou šířka a výška ořezaného videa,
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
783 </para></listitem>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
784 <listitem><para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
785 PRdvd je poměr pixelů v DVD, který je roven 1.25=(720/576) pro DVD
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
786 </para></listitem>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
787 <listitem><para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
788 v PALu a 1.5=(720/480) pro DVD v NTSC,
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
789 </para></listitem>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
790 </itemizedlist>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
791 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
792
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
793 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
794 Pak si můžete spočítat rozlišení X a Y podle určitého faktoru kvality komprese
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
795 (CQ):
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
796 <systemitem>RozY = INT(SQRT( 1000*Datový_tok/25/PSo/CQ )/16) * 16</systemitem>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
797 <systemitem>RozX = INT( RozY * PSo / 16) * 16</systemitem>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
798 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
799
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
800 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
801 Dobře, ale co je ten CQ?
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
802 CQ odpovídá počtu bitů na pixel a na snímek v zakódování. Jinými slovy, čím
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
803 vyšší je CQ, tím nižší je šance uvidět enkódovací artefakty.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
804 Pokud ovšem máte cílový rozměr vašeho filmu (1 nebo 2 CD například), máte jen
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
805 omezené množství bitů, které můžete spotřebovat; takže je nutné najít vhodný
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
806 kompromis mezi komprimovatelností a kvalitou.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
807 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
808
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
809 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
810 CQ závisí jak na datovém toku, tak na rozlišení filmu. Abyste zvýšili CQ,
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
811 obvykle zmenšíte daný film, takže je datový tok spočítán ve funkci cílové
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
812 velikosti a délky filmu, které jsou konstantní.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
813 CQ pod 0.18 obvykle vede k velmi čtverečkovanému obrazu, protože není dostatek
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
814 bitů pro zakódování informací každého makrobloku (MPEG4, stejně jako mnoho
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
815 jiných kodeků seskupuje pixely do bloků při komprimaci obrázku; pokud není
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
816 dostatek bitů, jsou viditelné hranice těchto bloků).
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
817 Proto je rozumné volit CQ v rozmezí 0.20 až 0.22 pro rip na 1 CD a
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
818 0.26 až 0.28 pro 2 CD.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
819 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
820
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
821 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
822 Prosíme berte v potaz, že CQ je jen informační pomůcka závisející na
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
823 enkódovaném obsahu. CQ okolo 0.18 může být dostatečně dobrý pro Bergmana,
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
824 na rozdíl od filmu jako je Matrix, který obsahuje mnoho rychlých scén.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
825 Na druhou stranu je zbytečné zvyšovat CQ výš než 0.30, jelikož budete plýtvat
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
826 bity za minimální zisk kvality.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
827 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
828
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
829 </sect2>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
830
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
831 <sect2 id="menc-feat-dvd-mpeg4-audio">
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
832 <title>Zvuk</title>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
833
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
834 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
835 Zvuk je mnohem jednodušší problém k řešení: pokud prahnete po kvalitě, prostě
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
836 jej nechte tak jak je.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
837 Dokonce i AC3 5.1 datové proudy mají nanejvýš 448Kbitů/s a stojí za každý bit.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
838 Možná jste v pokušení převést zvuk do Ogg Vorbis při vysoké kvalitě, ale jen
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
839 proto, že dnes nemáte A/V receiver pro hardwarové dekódování AC3 neznamená,
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
840 že jej nebudete mít zítra. Připravte své DVD ripy zachováním AC3 datových
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
841 proudů.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
842 Datový proud AC3 můžete zachovat buď jeho zkopírováním přímo do video proudu
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
843 <link linkend="menc-feat-mpeg4">během enkódování</link>.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
844 Také můžete extrahovat AC3 proud, abyste jej pak namixovali do nosičů jako je
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
845 NUT nebo Matroska.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
846 <screen>mplayer <replaceable>zdrojový_soubor.vob</replaceable> -aid 129 -dumpaudio -dumpfile <replaceable>zvuk.ac3</replaceable></screen>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
847 vytáhne do souboru <replaceable>zvuk.ac3</replaceable> zvukovou stopu
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
848 číslo 129 ze souboru <replaceable>zdrojový_soubor.vob</replaceable> (NB: DVD
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
849 VOB soubory obvykle používají odlišné číslování audia,
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
850 což znamená, že VOB zvuková stopa 120 je druhou zvukovou stopou v souboru).
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
851 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
852
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
853 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
854 Někdy ovšem opravdu nemáte jinou možnost než dále zkomprimovat zvuk, aby vám
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
855 zbylo více bitů na video.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
856 Většina lidí volí komprimaci buď pomocí MP3 nebo Vorbis audio kodeků.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
857 Zatímco ten druhý je efektivnější z prostorového hlediska, MP3 je lépe
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
858 podporován hardwarovými přehrávači, ačkoli časy se mění.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
859 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
860
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
861 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
862 Nejdříve ze všeho budete muset převést DVD zvuk do WAV souboru, který pak
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
863 použije zvukový kodek jako vstup.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
864 Například:
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
865 <screen>mplayer <replaceable>zdrojový_soubor.vob</replaceable> -ao pcm:file=<replaceable>výsledný_zvuk.wav</replaceable> -vc dummy -aid 1 -vo null</screen>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
866 vylije druhou zvukovou stopu ze souboru
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
867 <replaceable>zdrojový_soubor.vob</replaceable> do souboru
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
868 <replaceable>výsledný_zvuk.wav</replaceable>.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
869 Měli byste normalizovat zvuk před enkódováním, protože DVD zvukové stopy jsou
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
870 obvykle nahrávány při nízkých hlasitostech.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
871 Můžete například použít nástroj <application>normalize</application>, který je
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
872 k dispozici ve většině distribucí.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
873 Pokud používáte Windows, stejnou práci udělá nástroj jako
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
874 <application>BeSweet</application>.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
875 Komprimovat budete buď ve Vorbisu nebo MP3.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
876 Například:
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
877 <screen>oggenc -q1 <replaceable>cílový_zvuk.wav</replaceable></screen>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
878 provede enkódování <replaceable>cílového_zvuku.wav</replaceable> s kvalitou 1,
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
879 která přibližně odpovídá 80Kb/s a je to minimální kvalita na kterou byste měli
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
880 enkódovat, pokud vám záleží na kvalitě.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
881 Poznamenejme, že <application>MEncoder</application> v současnosti neumí
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
882 muxovat Vorbis zvukové stopy do výstupního souboru, protože podporuje pouze
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
883 AVI a MPEG kontejnery jako výstup. Pro oba platí, že některé přehrávače mohou
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
884 mít problémy s udržením audio/video synchronizace, pokud je přítomen VBR zvuk
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
885 jako je Vorbis.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
886 Nemějte obavy, v tomto dokumentu vám ukážeme, jak to lze udělat pomocí
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
887 programů třetích stran.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
888 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
889
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
890 </sect2>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
891
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
892 <sect2 id="menc-feat-dvd-mpeg4-interlacing">
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
893 <title>Prokládání a Telecine</title>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
894
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
895 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
896 Téměř veškeré filmy jsou natáčeny při 24 snímcích/s. Jelikož NTSC má
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
897 snímkovou rychlost 30000/1001 snímků/s, je třeba provést úpravu těchto
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
898 24 snímků/s videí, aby měly správnou NTSC snímkovou rychlost. Tato úprava se
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
899 jmenuje 3:2 pulldown a obecně je známa jako telecine (protože je pulldown
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
900 často prováděn během přenosu filmu na video) a, jednoduše řečeno, pracuje tak,
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
901 že se film zpomalí na 24000/1001 snímků/s a každý čtvrtý snímek se zopakuje.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
902 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
903
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
904 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
905 Naopak žádné speciální úpravy se neprovádějí videu pro PAL DVD, která běží
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
906 při 25 snímcích/s. (Technicky lze na PAL provést telecine, tzv. 2:2 pulldown,
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
907 ale v praxi se nepoužívá.) Film s 24 snímky/s je jednoduše přehráván rychlostí
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
908 25 snímků/s. Výsledkem je, že video běží o něco rychleji, ale pokud nejste
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
909 vetřelec, tak si rozdílu ani nevšimnete. Většina filmů má navíc výškově
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
910 korigovaný zvuk, takže při přehrávání 25 snímků/s vše zní jak má i přesto, že
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
911 zvuk (a proto i celé video) má o 4% kratší dobu přehrávání než NTSC DVD.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
912 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
913
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
914 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
915 Jelikož video na PAL DVD nebylo upravováno, nemusíte si dělat starosti s jeho
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
916 snímkovou rychlostí. Zdroj má 25 snímků/s, váš rip také. Pokud ovšem ripujete
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
917 NTSC DVD film, musíte provést inverzní telecine.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
918 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
919
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
920 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
921 Filmy točené rychlostí 24 snímků/s jsou na NTSC DVD uloženy buď jako
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
922 30000/1001 po telecine, nebo jako progresivní (neprokládaný) se snímkovou
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
923 24000/1001 snímků/s, na kterých by měl provést telecine DVD přehrávač za letu.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
924 Není to ale zákon: některé TV série jsou prokládané (např. Buffy Lovec upírů),
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
925 zatímco jiné jsou porůznu neprokládané nebo prokládané (např. Anděl, nebo 24
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
926 hodin).
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
927 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
928
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
929 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
930 Doporučujeme, abyste si přečetli sekci o tom
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
931 <link linkend="menc-feat-telecine">Jak si poradit s telecine a prokladem na NTSC DVD</link>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
932 a naučili se jak využít různé možnosti.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
933 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
934
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
935 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
936 Pokud ovšem většinou ripujete pouze filmy, nejspíš se setkáváte
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
937 s neprokládaným nebo prokládaným videem 24 snímků/s. V tom případě můžete
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
938 použít <option>pullup</option> filtr <option>-vf pullup,softskip</option>.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
939 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
940
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
941 </sect2>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
942
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
943
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
944 <sect2 id="menc-feat-dvd-mpeg4-filtering">
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
945 <title>Filtrování</title>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
946
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
947 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
948 Obecně byste měli filtrovat video tak málo, jak je to jen možné, abyste
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
949 zůstali co nejblíž DVD originálu. Ořezání je často nutné (jak jsme již řekli),
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
950 ale neškálujte video. Ačkoli zmenšení rozlišení je občas upřednostňováno před
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
951 použitím vyšších kvantizerů, musíme se vyhnout oběma případům: pamatujme, že
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
952 jsme se již na začátku rozhodli obětovat bity za kvalitu.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
953 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
954
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
955 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
956 Rovněž neupravujte gamu, kontrast, jas, atd. Co vypadá dobře na vaší
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
957 obrazovce, nemusí vypadat dobře na jiných. Tato přizpůsobení by měla být
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
958 prováděna pouze při přehrávání.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
959 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
960
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
961 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
962 Jednu věc byste však udělat měli, a to protáhnout video velmi lehkým
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
963 odšumovací filtr, jako je <option>-vf hqdn3d=2:1:2</option>.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
964 Opět je to proto, abychom mohli některé bity lépe využít: proč s nimi plýtvat
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
965 na šum, když si jej můžete přidat při přehrávání? Zvýšení parametrů pro
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
966 <option>hqdn3d</option> ještě více zvýší komprimovatelnost, ale pokud to
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
967 přeženete, riskujete zhoršení viditelnosti obrazu. Doporučené hodnoty okolo
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
968 (<option>2:1:2</option>) jsou dost konzervativní; měli byste volně
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
969 experimentovat s vyššími hodnotami a posoudit výsledek sami.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
970 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
971
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
972 </sect2>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
973
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
974 <sect2 id="menc-feat-dvd-mpeg4-lavc-encoding-options">
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
975 <title>Enkódovací volby libavcodecu</title>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
976
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
977 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
978 V ideálním případě byste asi chtěli jen říct enkodéru, aby se přepnul do
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
979 režimu "vysoká kvalita" a šel na to.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
980 To by bylo jistě hezké, ale naneštěstí je to těžké zavést, jelikož různé
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
981 volby enkódování vedou k různé kvalitě v závislosti na zdrojovém materiálu.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
982 To proto, že komprese závisí na vizuálních vlastnostech daného videa.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
983 Například anime a živá akce mají zcela rozdílné vlastnosti a tedy vyžadují
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
984 odlišné volby pro dosažení optimálního enkódování.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
985 Dobrá zpráva je, že některé volby by nikdy neměly chybět, jako
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
986 <option>mbd=2</option>, <option>trell</option> a <option>v4mv</option>.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
987 Podrobný popis obvyklých enkódovacích voleb naleznete níže.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
988 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
989
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
990
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
991 <itemizedlist>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
992 <title>Volby k nastavení:</title>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
993 <listitem><para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
994 <emphasis role="bold">vmax_b_frames</emphasis>: 1 nebo 2 je v pořádku,
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
995 v závislosti na filmu.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
996 Poznamenejme, že libavcodec zatím nepodporuje uzavřený GOP (volba
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
997 <option>cgop</option> zatím nepracuje), takže DivX5 nebude schopen dekódovat
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
998 nic enkódovaného s B-snímky.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
999 </para></listitem>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1000
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1001 <listitem><para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1002 <emphasis role="bold">vb_strategy=1</emphasis>: pomáhá ve scénách s rychlým
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1003 pohybem.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1004 Vyžaduje vmax_b_frames >= 2.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1005 V některých videích může vmax_b_frames snížit kvalitu, ale vmax_b_frames=2
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1006 spolu s vb_strategy=1 pomůže.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1007 </para></listitem>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1008
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1009 <listitem><para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1010 <emphasis role="bold">dia</emphasis>: okruh vyhledávání pohybu. Čím větší, tím
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1011 lepší a pomalejší.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1012 Záporné hodnoty mají úplně jiný význam.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1013 Dobrými hodnotami jsou -1 pro rychlé enkódování, nebo 2-4 pro pomalejší.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1014 </para></listitem>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1015
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1016 <listitem><para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1017 <emphasis role="bold">predia</emphasis>: předprůchod pro vyhledávání pohybu.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1018 Není tak důležitý jako dia. Dobré hodnoty jsou 1 (výchozí) až 4. Vyžaduje
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1019 preme=2, aby byla opravdu k něčemu.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1020 </para></listitem>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1021
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1022 <listitem><para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1023 <emphasis role="bold">cmp, subcmp, precmp</emphasis>: Porovnávací funkce pro
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1024 odhad pohybu.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1025 Experimentujte s hodnotami 0 (výchozí), 2 (hadamard), 3 (dct) a 6 (omezení
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1026 datového toku).
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1027 0 je nejrychlejší a dostatečná pro precmp.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1028 Pro cmp a subcmp je 2 dobrá pro anime a 3 zase pro živou akci.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1029 6 může, ale nemusí být o něco lepší, ale je pomalá.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1030 </para></listitem>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1031
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1032 <listitem><para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1033 <emphasis role="bold">last_pred</emphasis>: Počet prediktorů pohybu
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1034 přebíraných z předchozího snímku.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1035 1-3 nebo tak pomůžou za cenu menšího zdržení.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1036 Vyšší hodnoty jsou však pomalé a nepřináší žádný další užitek.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1037 </para></listitem>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1038
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1039 <listitem><para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1040 <emphasis role="bold">cbp, mv0</emphasis>: Ovládá výběr makrobloků.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1041 Malá ztráta rychlosti za malý zisk kvality.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1042 </para></listitem>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1043
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1044 <listitem><para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1045 <emphasis role="bold">qprd</emphasis>: adaptivní kvantizace založená na
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1046 komplexnosti makrobloku.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1047 Může pomoci i uškodit v závislosti na videu a ostatních volbách.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1048 Toto může způsobovat artefakty, pokud nenastavíte vqmax na nějakou rozumně
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1049 malou hodnotu (6 je dobrá, možná byste ale měli jít až na 4); vqmin=1 může
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1050 také pomoci.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1051 </para></listitem>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1052
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1053 <listitem><para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1054 <emphasis role="bold">qns</emphasis>: velmi pomalá, zvlášť v kombinaci
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1055 s qprd.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1056 Tato volba nutí enkodér minimalizovat šum díky kompresi artefaktů, místo aby
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1057 se snažil striktně zachovávat věrnost videa. Nepoužívejte ji, pokud jste již
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1058 nezkusili všechno ostatní kam až to šlo a výsledek přesto není dost dobrý.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1059 </para></listitem>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1060
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1061 <listitem><para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1062 <emphasis role="bold">vqcomp</emphasis>: Vylepšení ovládání datového toku.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1063 Dobré hodnoty se liší podle videa. Můžete to bezpečně ponechat jak to je,
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1064 pokud chcete.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1065 Snížením vqcomp pustíte více bitů do scén s nízkou komplexností, zvýšením je
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1066 pošlete do scén s vysokou komplexností (výchozí: 0.5, rozsah: 0-1. doporučený
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1067 rozsah: 0.5-0.7).
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1068 </para></listitem>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1069
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1070 <listitem><para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1071 <emphasis role="bold">vlelim, vcelim</emphasis>: Nastaví jediný koeficient
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1072 prahu eliminace pro jasové a barevné roviny.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1073 Ty jsou enkódovány odděleně ve všech MPEGu podobných algoritmech.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1074 Myšlenka stojící za těmito volbami je použití dobré heuristiky pro určení,
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1075 zda je změna v bloku menší než vámi nastavený práh a v tom případě se blok
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1076 enkóduje jako "nezměněný".
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1077 To šetří bity a možná i zrychlí enkódování. vlelim=-4 a vcelim=9 se zdají být
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1078 dobré pro hrané filmy, ale příliš nepomohou s anime; pokud enkódujete anime,
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1079 měli byste je asi nechat beze změn.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1080 </para></listitem>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1081
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1082 <listitem><para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1083 <emphasis role="bold">qpel</emphasis>: Odhad pohybu s přesností na čtvrt
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1084 pixelu. MPEG-4 používá přesnost na půl pixelu jako výchozí při vyhledávání
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1085 pohybu, proto je tato volba spojena s určitou režií, jelikož se do výstupního
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1086 souboru ukládá více informací.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1087 Kompresní zisk/ztráta závisí na filmu, ale obvykle to není příliš efektivní
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1088 na anime.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1089 qpel vždy způsobí zvýšení výpočetní náročnosti dekódování (v praxi +20% času
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1090 CPU).
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1091 </para></listitem>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1092
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1093 <listitem><para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1094 <emphasis role="bold">psnr</emphasis>: neovlivní aktuální enkódování, ale
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1095 zaznamená typ/velikost/kvalitu každého snímku do log souboru a na konci vypíše
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1096 souhrnný PSNR (odstup signálu od šumu).
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1097 </para></listitem>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1098
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1099 </itemizedlist>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1100
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1101 <itemizedlist>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1102 <title>Volby se kterými nedoporučujeme si hrát:</title>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1103 <listitem><para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1104 <emphasis role="bold">vme</emphasis>: Výchozí je nejlepší.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1105 </para></listitem>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1106
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1107 <listitem><para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1108 <emphasis role="bold">lumi_mask, dark_mask</emphasis>: Psychovizuálně
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1109 adaptivní kvantizace.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1110 Nehrajte si s těmito volbami, pokud vám jde o kvalitu. Rozumné hodnoty mohou
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1111 být efektivní ve vašem případě, ale pozor, je to velmi subjektivní.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1112 </para></listitem>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1113
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1114 <listitem><para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1115 <emphasis role="bold">scplx_mask</emphasis>: Snaží se předcházet blokovým
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1116 artefaktům, ale postprocesing je lepší.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1117 </para></listitem>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1118 </itemizedlist>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1119
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1120 </sect2>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1121
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1122 <sect2 id="menc-feat-dvd-mpeg4-example">
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1123 <title>Příklad</title>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1124
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1125 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1126 Takže jste si koupili zbrusu novou kopii filmu Harry Potter a Tajemná komnata
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1127 (širokoúhlou verzi samozřejmě) a chcete si toto DVD ripnout, takže si jej
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1128 můžete přidat do svého Domácího kino-počítače PC. Je to region 1 DVD, takže je
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1129 v NTSC. Níže uvedený příklad je stále vhodný i pro PAL, jen musíte vynechat
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1130 <option>-ofps 24000/1001</option> (protože výstupní snímková rychlost je
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1131 shodná se vstupní) a přirozeně budou rozdílné souřadnice pro ořez.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1132 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1133
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1134 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1135 Po spuštění <option>mplayer dvd://1</option>, postupujeme podle informací
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1136 obsažených v sekci <link linkend="menc-feat-telecine">Jak naložit s telecine
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1137 a prokladem v NTSC DVD</link> a zjistíme že je to 24000/1001 neprokládané
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1138 video, takže nepotřebujeme použít inverzní telecine filtr, jako je
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1139 <option>pullup</option> nebo <option>filmdint</option>.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1140 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1141
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1142 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1143 Dále musíme zjistit vhodný ořezový obdélník, takže použijeme filtr cropdetect:
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1144
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1145 <screen>mplayer dvd://1 -vf cropdetect</screen>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1146
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1147 Ujistěte se, že jste přešli přes zaplněný snímek (nějakou jasnou scénu) a
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1148 v konzoli <application>MPlayer</application>u uvidíte:
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1149
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1150 <screen>crop area: X: 0..719 Y: 57..419 (-vf crop=720:362:0:58)</screen>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1151
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1152 Potom přehrajeme film s tímto filtrem, abychom otestovali jeho správnost:
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1153
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1154 <screen>mplayer dvd://1 -vf crop=720:362:0:58</screen>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1155
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1156 A zjistíme, že to vypadá zcela v pořádku. Dále se ujistíme, že šířka i výška
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1157 jsou násobky 16. Šířka je v pořádku, výška ovšem ne. Protože jsme nepropadli
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1158 v sedmé třídě z matematiky, víme, že nejbližším násobkem 16 nižším než 362 je
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1159 352.
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1160 </para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1161
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1162 <para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1163 Mohli bychom použít <option>crop=720:352:0:58</option>, ale bude lepší
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1164 ustřihnout kousek nahoře i dole, takže zachováme střed. Zkrátili jsme výšku
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1165 o 10 pixelů, ale nechceme zvýšit odsazení y o 5 pixelů, protože je to liché
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1166 číslo, což by nepříznivě ovlivnilo kvalitu. Místo toho zvýšíme odsazení y o 4
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1167 pixely:
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1168
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1169 <screen>mplayer dvd://1 -vf crop=720:352:0:62</screen>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1170
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1171 Další důvod pro odstřižení pixelů shora i zdola je to, že si můžeme být jisti
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1172 odstřižením napůl černých pixelů pokud existují. Pokud je však vaše video
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1173 telecinováno, ujistěte se, že máte v řetězu filtrů <option>pullup</option>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1174 filtr (nebo jiný filtr pro inverzi telecine, který hodláte použít) ještě před
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1175 odstraněním prokladu a ořezem. (Pokud se rozhodnete zachovat vaše video
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1176 prokládané, pak se ujistěte, že vaše vertikální odsazení (offset)
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1177 je násobkem 4.)
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1178 </para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1179
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1180 <para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1181 Pokud si děláte starosti se ztrátou těch 10 pixelů, možná raději snížíte
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1182 rozměry na nejbližší násobek 16. Řetězec filtrů by pak vypadal asi takto:
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1183
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1184 <screen>-vf crop=720:362:0:58,scale=720:352</screen>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1185
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1186 Takovéto zmenšení videa bude znamenat ztrátu malého množství detailů, což bude
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1187 pravděpodobně stěží postřehnutelné. Zvětšování by naopak vedlo ke snížení
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1188 kvality (pokud byste nezvýšili datový tok). Ořez odstraní tyto pixely úplně.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1189 To je jedna z věcí, kterou byste si měli uvážit pro každý případ zvlášť.
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1190 Například pokud bylo DVD video vyrobeno pro televizi, měli byste se vyvarovat
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1191 vertikálnímu škálování, jelikož počet řádků odpovídá originální nahrávce.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1192 </para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1193
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1194 <para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1195 Při prohlídce jsme zjistili, že video je poměrně akční, s vysokým počtem
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1196 detailů, takže jsme zvolili datový tok 2400 Kbitů.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1197 </para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1198
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1199 <para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1200 Nyní jsme připraveni provést dvouprůchodové enkódování. Průchod jedna:
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1201
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1202 <screen>mencoder dvd://1 -ofps 24000/1001 -oac copy -vf crop=720:352:0:62,hqdn3d=2:1:2 -ovc lavc \
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1203 -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vbitrate=2400:v4mv:mbd=2:trell:cmp=3:subcmp=3:mbcmp=3:autoaspect:vpass=1 \
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1204 -o Harry_Potter_2.avi</screen>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1205
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1206 A průchod dva je stejný, jen nastavíme <option>vpass=2</option>:
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1207
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1208 <screen>mencoder dvd://1 -ofps 24000/1001 -oac copy -vf crop=720:352:0:62,hqdn3d=2:1:2 -ovc lavc \
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1209 -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vbitrate=2400:v4mv:mbd=2:trell:cmp=3:subcmp=3:mbcmp=3:autoaspect:vpass=2 \
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1210 -o Harry_Potter_2.avi</screen>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1211 </para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1212
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1213 <para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1214 Volby <option>v4mv:mbd=2:trell</option> velmi zvýší kvalitu za cenu časové
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1215 náročnosti enkódování. Vcelku není důvod tuto volbu vypustit, pokud je
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1216 primárním cílem kvalita. Volby <option>cmp=3:subcmp=3:mbcmp=3</option>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1217 vyberou porovnávací funkci, která poskytuje lepší kvalitu, než výchozí.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1218 S tímto parametrem můžete zkusit experimentovat (nahlédněte do man stránky pro
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1219 seznam možných hodnot), jelikož různé funkce mohou mít velký vliv na kvalitu
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1220 v závislosti na zdrojovém materiálu. Například pokud zjistíte, že
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1221 <systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem> produkuje příliš mnoho
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1222 čtverečkových artefaktů, můžete zkusit zvolit experimentální NSSE jako
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1223 porovnávací funkci přes <option>*cmp=10</option>.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1224 </para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1225
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1226 <para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1227 V případě tohoto filmu bude výsledné AVI dlouhé 138 minut a veliké kolem 3GB.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1228 A protože jste řekli, že na velikosti nezáleží, je to přijatelná velikost.
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1229 Ale pokud byste jej chtěli menší, můžete zkusit nižší datový tok.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1230 Efekt zvyšování datového toku se totiž neustále snižuje, takže zatímco je
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1231 zlepšení po zvýšení z 1800 Kbitů na 2000 Kbitů zjevné, nemusí být již tak
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1232 velké nad 2000 Kbitů. Beze všeho s tím experimentujte, dokud nebudete
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1233 spokojeni.
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1234 </para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1235
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1236 <para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1237 Jelikož jsme protáhli video odšumovacím filtrem, měli bychom jej trochu přidat
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1238 během přehrávání. To, spolu s <option>spp</option> post-procesním filtrem,
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1239 znatelně zvýší vnímanou kvalitu a pomůže odstranit čtverečkové artefakty ve
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1240 videu. S <application>MPlayer</application>ovou volbou <option>autoq</option>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1241 může být množství postprocesingu prováděného filtrem spp přizpůsobováno
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1242 vytížení CPU. V tuto chvíli rovněž můžete provést korekci gama a/nebo barevnou
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1243 korekci k dosažení nejlepších výsledků. Například:
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1244
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1245 <screen>mplayer Harry_Potter_2.avi -vf spp,noise=9ah:5ah,eq2=1.2 -autoq 3</screen>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1246
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1247 </para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1248 </sect2>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1249
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1250 <sect2 id="menc-feat-dvd-mpeg4-muxing">
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1251 <title>Muxování (multiplexování)</title>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1252 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1253 Nyní, když máte své video enkódované, budete jej nejspíš chtít muxovat
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1254 s jedním nebo více zvukovými stopami do nosného filmového formátu, jako je
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1255 AVI, MPEG, Matroska nebo NUT.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1256 <application>MEncoder</application> je zatím schopen zvuk a video zapracovat
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1257 pouze do nosných formátů MPEG a AVI.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1258 Například:
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1259 <screen>mencoder -oac copy -ovc copy -o <replaceable>výstupní_film.avi</replaceable> -audiofile <replaceable>vstupní_audio.mp2</replaceable> <replaceable>vstupní_video.avi</replaceable></screen>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1260 To by mělo sloučit video soubor <replaceable>vstupní_video.avi</replaceable>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1261 a zvukový soubor <replaceable>vstupní_audio.mp2</replaceable>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1262 do AVI souboru <replaceable>výstupní_film.avi</replaceable>.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1263 Tento příkaz pracuje s MPEG-1 layer I, II a III (známým jako MP3) zvukem,
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1264 WAV a také několika dalšími formáty zvuku.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1265 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1266
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1267 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1268 <application>MEncoder</application> obsahuje experimentální podporu pro
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1269 <systemitem class="library">libavformat</systemitem>, což je knihovna
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1270 z projektu FFmpeg, která podporuje muxování a demuxování celé řady nosných
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1271 formátů.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1272 Například:
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1273 <screen>mencoder -oac copy -ovc copy -o <replaceable>výstupní_film.asf</replaceable> -audiofile <replaceable>vstupní_audio.mp2</replaceable> <replaceable>vstupní_video.avi</replaceable> -of lavf -lavfopts format=asf</screen>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1274 To provede stejnou činnost jako předchozí příklad, avšak výstupním formátem
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1275 bude ASF.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1276 Prosím berte na vědomí, že tato podpora je velmi experimentální (ale de ode
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1277 dne lepší) a bude funkční pouze pokud jste zkompilovali
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1278 <application>MPlayer</application> s podporou pro
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1279 <systemitem class="library">libavformat</systemitem> (což znamená, že
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1280 předkompilovaná binární verze nebude většinou fungovat).
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1281 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1282
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1283 <sect3 id="menc-feat-dvd-mpeg4-muxing-avi-limitations">
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1284 <title>Limitace nosného formátu AVI</title>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1285 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1286 Ačkoli je to po MPEG-1 nejpodporovanější nosný formát, má AVI i jisté
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1287 zásadní nedostatky. Snad nejviditelnější je režie.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1288 Na každý chunk AVI souboru je 24 bajtů ztraceno na hlavičky a index.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1289 To se projeví asi 5 MP na hodinu, neboli 1-2.5% prodloužení 700 MB filmu.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1290 Nevypadá to jako mnoho, ale může to znamenat rozdíl mezi možností použít
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1291 video při 700 kbitech/s nebo 714 kbitech/s a tady se každý bit projeví na
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1292 kvalitě.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1293 </para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1294
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1295 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1296 Navíc k této neefektivitě má AVI také následující hlavní omezení:
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1297 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1298
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1299 <orderedlist>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1300 <listitem>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1301 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1302 Může být uchováván pouze obsah s konstantní snímkovou rychlostí. To je
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1303 zvláště omezující, když má původní materiál, který chcete enkódovat, smíšený
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1304 obsah. Například směs NTSC videa a filmového materiálu.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1305 Jistěže jsou zde cestičky, které umožní uložit obsah se smíšenou snímkovou
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1306 rychlostí v AVI, ale ty zvyšují (již tak velkou) režii pětinásobně nebo víc,
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1307 proto nejsou praktické.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1308 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1309 </listitem>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1310 <listitem>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1311 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1312 Zvuk v AVI musí mít buď konstantní datový tok (CBR) nebo konstantní velikost
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1313 rámce (čili všechny rámce se dekódují na stejný počet vzorků).
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1314 Naneštěstí ten nejefektivnější kodek, Vorbis, nesplňuje ani jeden z těchto
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1315 požadavků.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1316 Pokud tedy plánujete uložit svůj film do AVI, budete muset použít méně
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1317 efektivní kodek, jako MP3 nebo AC3.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1318 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1319 </listitem>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1320 </orderedlist>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1321
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1322 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1323 Z výše uvedených důvodů <application>MEncoder</application> zatím
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1324 nepodporuje proměnnou snímkovou rychlost ani enkódování do Vorbisu.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1325 Nemusíte to však považovat za omezení, jestliže je
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1326 <application>MEncoder</application> jediným nástrojem pro vaše
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1327 enkódování. Nakonec je možné použít <application>MEncoder</application> pouze
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1328 pro enkódování videa a pak použít externí nástroje pro enkódování zvuku a
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1329 namuxování do jiného nosného formátu.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1330 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1331 </sect3>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1332
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1333 <sect3 id="menc-feat-dvd-mpeg4-muxing-matroska">
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1334 <title>Muxování do nosného formátu Matroska</title>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1335 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1336 Matroska je svobodný a otevřený standard nosného formátu, zaměřený na
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1337 nabídku mnoha pokročilých vlastností, které starší nosné formáty, jako AVI,
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1338 nemohou poskytnout.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1339 Například Matroska podporuje zvuk s proměnným datovým tokem (VBR),
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1340 proměnné snímkové rychlosti (VFR), kapitoly, přílohy souborů, kód pro
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1341 detekci chyb (EDC) a moderní A/V kodeky jako "Advanced Audio
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1342 Coding" (AAC), "Vorbis" nebo "MPEG-4 AVC" (H.264), z nichž žádný nelze
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1343 použít v AVI.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1344 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1345
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1346 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1347 Nástroje pro vytváření Matroska souborů jsou souhrnně nazvány
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1348 <application>mkvtoolnix</application> a jsou dostupné pro většinu Unixových
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1349 platforem a stejně tak <application>Windows</application>.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1350 Protože je Matroska otevřený standard, můžete najít jiné nástroje, které vám
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1351 lépe padnou, ale protože mkvtoolnix je nejrozšířenější a je podporován
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1352 přímo Matroska týmem, pokryjeme jen jejich použití.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1353 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1354
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1355 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1356 Asi nejsnazší způsob, jak začít s Matroskou je použít
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1357 <application>MMG</application>, grafickou nadstavbu dodávanou s
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1358 <application>mkvtoolnix</application> a řídit se
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1359 <ulink url="http://www.bunkus.org/videotools/mkvtoolnix/doc/mkvmerge-gui.html">návodem k mkvmerge GUI (mmg)</ulink>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1360 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1361
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1362 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1363 Můžete rovněž muxovat zvukové a video soubory z příkazového řádku:
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1364 <screen>mkvmerge -o <replaceable>výstup.mkv</replaceable> <replaceable>vstupní_video.avi</replaceable> <replaceable>vstupní_audio1.mp3</replaceable> <replaceable>vstupní_audio2.ac3</replaceable></screen>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1365 To spojí video soubor <replaceable>vstupní_video.avi</replaceable>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1366 a dva zvukové soubory <replaceable>vstupní_audio1.mp3</replaceable>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1367 a <replaceable>vstupní_audio2.ac3</replaceable> do Matroska souboru
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1368 <replaceable>výstup.mkv</replaceable>.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1369 Matroska, jak jsme již řekli, umí mnohem víc než to, jako více zvukových stop
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1370 (včetně doladění audio/video synchronizace), kapitoly, titulky, stříhání,
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1371 atd...
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1372 Detaily naleznete v dokumentaci k těmto aplikacím.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1373 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1374
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1375 </sect3>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1376
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1377 </sect2>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1378
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1379 </sect1>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1380
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1381 <sect1 id="menc-feat-telecine">
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1382 <title>Jak naložit s telecine a prokladem v NTSC DVD</title>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1383
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1384 <sect2 id="menc-feat-telecine-intro">
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1385 <title>Představení</title>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1386 <formalpara>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1387 <title>Co je to telecine?</title>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1388 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1389 Pokud moc nerozumíte tomu, co je napsáno v tomto dokumentu, doporučujeme
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1390 navštívit tuto stránku:
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1391 <ulink url="http://www.divx.com/support/guides/guide.php?gid=10">http://www.divx.com/support/guides/guide.php?gid=10</ulink>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1392 Na této adrese je srozumitelný a rozumně vyčerpávající popis co je to
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1393 telecine.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1394 </para></formalpara>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1395
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1396 <formalpara>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1397 <title>Poznámka k číslům.</title>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1398 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1399 Mnoho dokumentů, včetně výše odkazované příručky, udává hodnotu půlsnímků za
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1400 sekundu NTSC videa jako 59.94 a odpovídající snímky za sekundu jako 29.97
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1401 (pro telecinované a prokládané video) a 23.976 (pro neprokládané).
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1402 Pro jednoduchost některé dokumenty zaokrouhlují tyto hodnoty na 60, 30 a 24.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1403 </para></formalpara>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1404
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1405 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1406 Přesně řečeno jsou všechny tyto čísla přibližná. Černobílé NTSC video mělo
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1407 přesně 60 půlsnímků za sekundu, ale později byla zvolena hodnota 60000/1001,
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1408 aby bylo možné přidat barevná data a zůstat kompatibilní se starými
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1409 černobílými televizemi. Digitální NTSC (jak je na DVD) má rovněž rychlost
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1410 60000/1001 půlsnímků za sekundu. Z toho vyplývá, že prokládané a telecinované
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1411 video má 30000/1001 snímků za sekundu; neprokládané video má 24000/1001 snímků
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1412 za sekundu.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1413 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1414
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1415 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1416 Starší verze dokumentace <application>MEncoder</application>u a mnoho zpráv
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1417 v archivu konference hovoří o 59.94, 29.97 a 23.976.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1418 Všechna dokumentace <application>MEncoder</application>u byla aktualizována
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1419 a používá zlomkových hodnot. Vy byste je měli používat také.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1420 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1421
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1422 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1423 <option>-ofps 23.976</option> je nesprávně.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1424 Místo toho byste měli použít <option>-ofps 24000/1001</option>.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1425 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1426
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1427 <formalpara>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1428 <title>Jak je používáno telecine.</title>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1429 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1430 Veškeré video určené k zobrazení na NTSC televizi musí mít 60000/1001
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1431 půlsnímků za sekundu. Filmy vyráběné pro televizi jsou často natáčeny přímo
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1432 ve 60000/1001 půlsnímcích za sekundu, ale většina filmů do kin je natáčena při
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1433 24 nebo 24000/1001 snímcích za sekundu. Když je film přepisován na DVD, je
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1434 video upraveno pro televizi v procesu zvaném telecine.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1435 </para></formalpara>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1436
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1437 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1438 Na DVD není video ve skutečnosti nikdy uloženo v 60000/1001 půlsnímcích za
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1439 sekundu. Video jež bylo původně 60000/1001, bude mít každý pár půlsnímků
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1440 zkombinován do podoby snímku s rychlostí 30000/1001 snímků za sekundu.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1441 Hardwarové DVD přehrávače pak čtou příznak, zabudovaný ve video proudu, který
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1442 udává jestli první půlsnímek tvoří liché nebo sudé řádky.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1443 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1444
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1445 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1446 Obsah ve 24000/1001 snímcích za sekundu obvykle zůstává tak jak byl v době
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1447 přepisu na DVD a DVD přehrávač musí provést telecine za letu. Někdy je však
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1448 video telecinováno <emphasis>před</emphasis> uložením na DVD; dokonce i když
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1449 mělo původně 24000/1001 snímků za sekundu, bude mít 60000/1001 půlsnímků za
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1450 sekundu. Pokud je uložen na DVD, páry půlsnímků jsou zkombinovány do formy
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1451 30000/1001 snímků za sekundu.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1452 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1453
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1454 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1455 Když se podíváme na jednotlivé snímky vzniklé z videa o 60000/10001 půlsnímcích
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1456 za sekundu, telecinovaného nebo ne, je zřetelně vidět toto prokládání jakmile
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1457 je zde nějaký pohyb, jelikož jeden půlsnímek (řekněme liché řádky)
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1458 reprezentuje časový okamžik o 1/(60000/1001) sekundy pozdější než ten druhý.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1459 Přehrávání prokládaného videa na počítači vypadá škaredě jak proto, že monitor
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1460 má vyšší rozlišení, ale i protože video je zobrazováno snímek po snímku místo
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1461 půlsnímek po půlsnímku.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1462 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1463
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1464 <itemizedlist>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1465 <title>Poznámky:</title>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1466 <listitem><para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1467 Tento odstavec platí pouze pro NTSC DVD, nikoli PAL.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1468 </para></listitem>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1469 <listitem><para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1470 Řádky s příklady spuštění <application>MEncoder</application>u v dokumentu
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1471 <emphasis role="bold">nejsou</emphasis> určeny pro opravdové použití.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1472 Obsahují pouze nutné minimum vyžadované pro enkódování příslušné ke kategorii
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1473 videa. Jak dělat dobré DVD ripy nebo doladit
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1474 <systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem> pro maximální kvalitu
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1475 není v záběru tohoto dokumentu.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1476 </para></listitem>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1477 <listitem><para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1478 Poznámky pod čarou příslušné pro tuto příručku jsou linkovány takto:
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1479 <link linkend="menc-feat-telecine-footnotes">[1]</link>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1480 </para></listitem>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1481 </itemizedlist>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1482 </sect2>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1483
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1484 <sect2 id="menc-feat-telecine-ident">
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1485 <title>Jak zjistit o jaký typ videa se jedná</title>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1486
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1487 <sect3 id="menc-feat-telecine-ident-progressive">
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1488 <title>Progresivní (neprokládané)</title>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1489 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1490 Progresivní video je původně natočeno při 24000/1001 snímcích za sekundu a
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1491 uloženo na DVD beze změn.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1492 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1493
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1494 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1495 Když přehrajete progresivní DVD v <application>MPlayer</application>u,
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1496 <application>MPlayer</application> vypíše následující řádek jakmile začne
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1497 přehrávat:
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1498
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1499 <screen> demux_mpg: 24000/1001 fps progressive NTSC content detected, switching framerate.</screen>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1500
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1501 Od tohoto okamžiku by demux_mpg neměl nikdy říct že našel
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1502 &quot;30000/1001 fps NTSC obsah.&quot;
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1503 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1504
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1505 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1506 Když sledujete progresivní video, neměli byste nikdy vidět žádný proklad.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1507 Dejte si ale pozor, jelikož je občas trošku telecine namixováno tam, kde byste
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1508 to vůbec nečekali. Setkal jsem se s TV show na DVD, které měly sekundu
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1509 telecine při každé změně scény nebo na zcela náhodných místech. Jednou jsem se
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1510 díval na DVD, které bylo do půlky progresivní a od půlky telecinováno. Pokud
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1511 chcete být <emphasis>opravdu</emphasis> důkladní, můžete oskenovat celý film:
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1512
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1513 <screen>mplayer dvd://1 -nosound -vo null -benchmark</screen>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1514
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1515 Použití volby <option>-benchmark</option> nechá
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1516 <application>MPlayer</application> přehrát film tak rychle, jak je to jen
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1517 možné; stejně to ale, v závislosti na vašem stroji, chvíli potrvá.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1518 Vždy, když demux_mpg ohlásí změnu snímkové rychlosti, řádek těsně nad hlášením
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1519 ukáže čas ve kterém ke změně došlo.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1520 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1521
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1522 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1523 Občas je progresivní video na DVD označeno jako
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1524 &quot;soft-telecine&quot; protože je zamýšleno, aby telecine provedl DVD
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1525 přehrávač.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1526 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1527 </sect3>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1528
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1529 <sect3 id="menc-feat-telecine-ident-telecined">
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1530 <title>Telecinováno (přepsáno pro NTSC televizi)</title>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1531 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1532 Telecinované video bylo původně natočeno při 24000/1001, ale bylo telecinováno
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1533 <emphasis>před</emphasis> zápisem na DVD.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1534 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1535
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1536 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1537 <application>MPlayer</application> (nikdy) nehlásí žádnou změnu snímkové
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1538 rychlosti, když přehrává telecinované video.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1539 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1540
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1541 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1542 Při sledování telecinovaného videa uvidíte prokladové artefakty, které jako by
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1543 &quot;blikaly&quot;: opakovaně mizí a objevují se.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1544 Blíže se na to můžete podívat:
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1545 <orderedlist>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1546 <listitem>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1547 <screen>mplayer dvd://1</screen>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1548 </listitem>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1549 <listitem><para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1550 Převiňte na část s pohybem.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1551 </para></listitem>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1552 <listitem><para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1553 Použijte klávesu <keycap>.</keycap> pro krokování po jednom snímku.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1554 </para></listitem>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1555 <listitem><para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1556 Sledujte vzor prokládaně vypadajících a progresivně vypadajících snímků.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1557 Pokud je vzor, který sledujete PPPII,PPPII,PPPII,..., pak je video
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1558 telecinováno. Pokud vidíte jiný vzor, pak mohlo být video telecinováno
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1559 použitím nějaké nestandardní metody; <application>MEncoder</application>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1560 neumí bezztrátově převést nestandardní telecine do progresivního. Pokud
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1561 nevidíte žádný vzor, pak je video nejspíš prokládané.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1562 </para></listitem>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1563 </orderedlist>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1564 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1565
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1566 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1567 Někdy je telecinované video na DVD označeno jako &quot;hard-telecine&quot;.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1568 Jelikož hard-telecine již je ve 60000/1001 půlsnímcích za sekundu, DVD
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1569 přehrávač přehraje video bez jakýchkoli manipulací.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1570 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1571 </sect3>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1572
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1573 <sect3 id="menc-feat-telecine-ident-interlaced">
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1574 <title>Prokládané</title>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1575 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1576 Prokládané video bylo od samého začátku filmováno při 60000/1001 půlsnímcích
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1577 za sekundu a uloženo na DVD ve 30000/1001 snímcích za sekundu. Efekt
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1578 prokládání (často označovaný jako &quot;roztřepení&quot;) je výsledkem
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1579 skládání půlsnímků do snímků. Vzdálenost mezi půlsnímky má být 1/(60000/1001)
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1580 sekundy a proto když jsou zobrazeny současně, je rozdíl jasně patrný.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1581 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1582
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1583 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1584 Stejně jako u telecinovaného videa by <application>MPlayer</application> neměl
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1585 hlásit jakékoli změny snímkové rychlosti při přehrávání prokládaného obsahu.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1586 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1587
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1588 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1589 Když si prohlédnete video blíže pomocí krokování snímků pomocí klávesy
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1590 <keycap>.</keycap>, uvidíte, že každý jednotlivý snímek je prokládaný.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1591 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1592 </sect3>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1593
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1594 <sect3 id="menc-feat-telecine-ident-mixedpt">
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1595 <title>Smíšené progresivní a telecinované</title>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1596 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1597 Veškerý obsah &quot;smíšeného progresivního a telecinovaného&quot; videa měl
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1598 původně 24000/1001 snímků za sekundu, ale některé části prošly telecine.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1599 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1600
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1601 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1602 Když <application>MPlayer</application> přehrává tuto kategorii, bude (často
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1603 i opakovaně) přepínat mezi &quot;30000/1001 snímky/s NTSC&quot;
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1604 a &quot;24000/1001 snímky/s progresivním NTSC&quot;. Sledujte spodek
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1605 <application>MPlayer</application>ova výstupu, abyste zachytili tyto zprávy.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1606 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1607
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1608 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1609 Měli byste prověřit části se &quot;30000/1001 snímky/s NTSC&quot;, abyste měli
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1610 jistotu, že jsou skutečně telecinovány a ne jen prokládané.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1611 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1612 </sect3>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1613
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1614 <sect3 id="menc-feat-telecine-ident-mixedpi">
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1615 <title>Smíšené progresivní a prokládané</title>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1616 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1617 Ve &quot;smíšeném progresivním a prokládaném&quot; obsahu bylo progresivní a
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1618 prokládané video splácáno dohromady.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1619 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1620
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1621 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1622 Tato kategorie vypadá jako &quot;smíšené progresivní a telecine&quot;,
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1623 dokud si neprohlédnete části se 30000/1001 snímky/s a neuvidíte, že nemají
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1624 telecine vzor.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1625 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1626 </sect3>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1627
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1628 </sect2>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1629
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1630 <sect2 id="menc-feat-telecine-encode">
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1631 <title>Jak enkódovat jednotlivé kategorie</title>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1632 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1633 Jak jsem se zmínil na začátku, příklady příkazových řádků
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1634 <application>MEncoder</application>u níže <emphasis role="bold">nejsou</emphasis>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1635 určeny pro praktické použití; pouze demonstrují, minimum voleb nutných k tomu,
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1636 abyste správně enkódovali každou kategorii.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1637 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1638
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1639 <sect3 id="menc-feat-telecine-encode-progressive">
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1640 <title>Progresivní/title>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1641 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1642 Progresivní video nevyžaduje žádné speciální filtrování pro enkódování.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1643 Jediná volba, která by určitě neměla chybět je
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1644 <option>-ofps 24000/1001</option>. Jinak se <application>MEncoder</application>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1645 pokusí enkódovat při 30000/1001 snímcích/s a bude opakovat snímky.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1646 </para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1647
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1648 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1649 <screen>mencoder dvd://1 -nosound -ovc lavc -ofps 24000/1001</screen>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1650 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1651
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1652 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1653 Často se stává, že video, které vypadá progresivně, má v sobě zamíchány
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1654 kratičké telecinované části. Pokud si nejste jisti, je nejbezpečnější
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1655 považovat video za
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1656 <link linkend="menc-feat-telecine-encode-mixedpt">smíšené progresivní a
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1657 telecinované</link>. Ztráta výkonu je jen malá
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1658 <link linkend="menc-feat-telecine-footnotes">[3]</link>.
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1659 </para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1660 </sect3>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1661
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1662 <sect3 id="menc-feat-telecine-encode-telecined">
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1663 <title>Telecinované</title>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1664 <para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1665 Telecine lze obrátit a dostat tak původní 24000/1001 obsah, za použití metody
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1666 zvané inverzní telecine.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1667 <application>MPlayer</application> má několik filtrů právě pro tuto činnost;
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1668 nejlepší z těchto filtrů, <option>pullup</option>, je popsán v části
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1669 <link linkend="menc-feat-telecine-encode-mixedpt">smíšené progresivní a
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1670 telecinované</link>.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1671 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1672 </sect3>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1673
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1674 <sect3 id="menc-feat-telecine-encode-interlaced">
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1675 <title>Prokládané</title>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1676 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1677 V praxi není většinou možné dostat kompletní progresivní video z prokládaného
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1678 obsahu. Jediný způsob jak to udělat bez ztráty poloviny svislého rozlišení je
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1679 zdvojením snímkové rychlosti a zkusit &quot;odhadnout&quot; co mám provést
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1680 s odpovídajícími linkami každého z půlsnímků (má to ovšem i nevýhody &ndash;
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1681 viz metoda 3).
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1682 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1683
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1684 <orderedlist>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1685 <listitem><para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1686 Enkódujte video v prokládané formě. Obvykle prokládání způsobí těžkou újmu
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1687 schopnosti enkodéru dobře komprimovat, ale
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1688 <systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem> má dvě volby určené právě
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1689 pro lepší ukládání prokládaného videa: <option> ildct</option> a
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1690 <option>ilme</option>. Rovněž velmi doporučujeme použití volby
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1691 <option>mbd=2</option> <link linkend="menc-feat-telecine-footnotes">[2] </link>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1692 protože bude enkódovat makrobloky jako neprokládané tam, kde není žádný pohyb.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1693 Volba <option>-ofps</option> zde <emphasis role="bold">není</emphasis> nutná.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1694
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1695 <screen>mencoder dvd://1 -nosound -ovc lavc -lavcopts ildct:ilme:mbd=2</screen>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1696 </para></listitem>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1697 <listitem><para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1698 Použijte filtr odstraňující proklad před enkódováním. Je jich zde několik,
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1699 můžete si vybrat. Každý z nich má svá pro i proti. Prohlédněte si výstup
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1700 <option>mplayer -pphelp</option> abyste zjistili, které jsou k dispozici
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1701 (grep pro &quot;deint&quot;) a vyhledejte
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1702 <ulink url="http://www.mplayerhq.hu/homepage/design6/info.html#mailing_lists">
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1703 e-mailové konference MPlayeru</ulink>, kde naleznete mnoho diskusí o různých
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1704 filtrech. Snímková rychlost se ani zde nemění, takže žádné
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1705 <option>-ofps</option>. Odstranění proklady by rovněž mělo být provedeno po
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1706 ořezání <link linkend="menc-feat-telecine-footnotes">[1]</link>, ale před
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1707 škálováním.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1708
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1709 <screen>mencoder dvd://1 -nosound -vf pp=lb -ovc lavc</screen>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1710 </para></listitem>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1711 <listitem><para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1712 Naneštěstí je tato volba vadná v <application>MEncoder</application>u;
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1713 měla by dobře pracovat v <application>MEncoder G2</application>, ale ten tu
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1714 zatím není. Stejně je určením <option> -vf tfields</option> vytvoření
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1715 kompletního snímku z každého půlsnímku, což zvýší snímkovou rychlost na
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1716 60000/1001. Výhoda tohoto přístupu je v tom, že nepřijdete o žádná data;
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1717 Protože však každý snímek pochází jen z jediného půlsnímku, musí být chybějící
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1718 linky nějak dopočítány. Neexistuje mnoho dobrých metod, generujících chybějící
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1719 data, takže výsledek bude trochu podobný tomu, když se použije některý filtr
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1720 odstraňující proklad.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1721 Generováním chybějících linek vznikají další problémy tím, že se zdvojnásobí
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1722 množství dat. Takže jsou potřeba vyšší datové toky pro enkódování, aby byla
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1723 zachována kvalita a spotřebuje se více výkonu CPU jak pro enkódování, tak pro
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1724 dekódování. tfields má několik různých voleb pro volbu způsobu generování
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1725 chybějících linek. Pokud použijete tuto možnost, prostudujte si manuál a
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1726 zvolte si volbu, která s vaším materiálem vypadá nejlépe.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1727 Poznamenejme, že při použití <option>tfields</option>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1728 <emphasis role="bold">musíte</emphasis> nastavit <option>-fps</option> a
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1729 <option>-ofps</option> na dvojnásobek snímkové rychlosti originálu.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1730
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1731 <screen>mencoder dvd://1 -nosound -vf tfields=2 -ovc lavc -fps 60000/1001 -ofps 60000/1001</screen>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1732 </para></listitem>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1733 <listitem><para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1734 Pokud plánujete výrazné zmenšování, můžete extrahovat a enkódovat jen jeden
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1735 z půlsnímků. Samozřejmě přijdete o polovinu svislého rozlišení, ale pokud
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1736 plánujete zmenšení ideálně na 1/2 originální velikosti, nebude na této ztrátě
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1737 vůbec záležet. Výsledek bude progresivní soubor s 30000/1001 snímky za sekundu.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1738 Celý postup spočívá v použití <option>-vf field</option> a následném ořezu
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1739 <link linkend="menc-feat-telecine-footnotes">[1]</link> a příslušném
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1740 škálování. Pamatujte, že musíte nastavit scale tak, aby kompenzoval
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1741 zmenšení svislého rozměru na polovinu.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1742 <screen>mencoder dvd://1 -nosound -vf field=0 -ovc lavc</screen>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1743 </para></listitem>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1744 </orderedlist>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1745 </sect3>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1746
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1747 <sect3 id="menc-feat-telecine-encode-mixedpt">
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1748 <title>Smíšené progresivní a telecinované</title>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1749 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1750 Abychom převedli smíšené progresivní a telecinované video zcela na progresivní
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1751 video, musí být telecinované části inverzně telecinovány. K tomu lze dospět
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1752 třemi postupy popsanými níže.Poznamenejme, že byste měli
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1753 <emphasis role="bold">vždy</emphasis> provést inverzní telecine před
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1754 jakýmkoliv škálováním; a v případě, že přesně nevíte co děláte, také před
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1755 ořezáním <link linkend="menc-feat-telecine-footnotes">[1]</link>.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1756 Volba <option>-ofps 24000/1001</option> je vyžadována, protože výstupní video
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1757 bude mít 24000/1001 snímků za sekundu.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1758 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1759
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1760 <itemizedlist>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1761 <listitem><para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1762 <option>-vf pullup</option> je navržen tak, aby inverzně telecinoval, ale
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1763 progresivní data nechával jak jsou. Pro správnou funkci
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1764 <emphasis role="bold">musí</emphasis> být <option>pullup</option> následován
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1765 filtrem <option>softskip</option>, jinak <application>MEncoder</application>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1766 zhavaruje. <option>pullup</option> je však nejčistší a nejpřesnější dostupnou
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1767 metodou pro enkódování jak telecinovaného, tak &quot;smíšeného progresivního a
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1768 telecinovaného&quot;.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1769
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1770 <screen>mencoder dvd://1 -nosound -vf pullup,softskip -ovc lavc -ofps 24000/1001</screen>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1771 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1772
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1773
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1774 </listitem>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1775 <listitem><para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1776 Starší metodou je, spíše než inverzně telecinovat telecinované části,
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1777 telecinovat progresivní části a poté inverzně telecinovat celé video.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1778 Zmatení? softpulldown je filtr, který projde celé video a převede celý soubor
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1779 na telecinovaný. Pokud budeme následovat softpulldown buď
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1780 <option>detc</option> nebo <option>ivtc</option>, bude konečný výsledek zcela
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1781 progresivní. Nutná je volba <option>-ofps 24000/1001</option>.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1782
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1783 <screen>mencoder dvd://1 -nosound -vf softpulldown,ivtc=1 -ovc lavc -ofps 24000/1001</screen>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1784 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1785 </listitem>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1786
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1787 <listitem><para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1788 Osobně jsem nepoužil <option>-vf filmdint</option>, ale toto o něm (přibližně)
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1789 řekl D Richard Felker III:
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1790
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1791 <blockquote><para>Je to OK, ale IMO to zkouší až příliš často odstraňovat
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1792 proklad místo provádění inverzního telecine (stejně jako settop DVD
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1793 přehrávače &amp; progresivní televize) což vede ke škaredému třepotání a
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1794 dalším artefaktům. Pokud jej chcete používat, měli byste předtím alespoň
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1795 trochu času věnovat ladění voleb a sledováním výstupu, abyste měli jistotu,
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1796 že vám to něco nekazí.</para></blockquote>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1797 </para></listitem>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1798 </itemizedlist>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1799 </sect3>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1800
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1801 <sect3 id="menc-feat-telecine-encode-mixedpi">
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1802 <title>Smíšené progresivní a prokládané</title>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1803 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1804 Máme dvě volby pro práci s touto kategorií, obě jsou však kompromisem. Měli
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1805 byste se rozhodnout podle trvání/umístění každého typu.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1806 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1807
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1808 <itemizedlist>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1809 <listitem><para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1810 Považujte to za progresivní. Prokládané části budou vypadat prokládaně a
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1811 některé z prokládaných políčen bude muset být zahozeno, což povede
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1812 k nestejnoměrnému poskakování. Můžete proti tomu nasadit postprocesní filtr,
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1813 pokud chcete, ale tím mírně degradujete progresivní části.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1814 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1815
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1816 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1817 Této volbě byste se měli rozhodně vyhnout, pokud chcete nakonec zobrazovat
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1818 video na zobrazovači s prokládaným obrazem (přes TV kartu například).
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1819 Pokud máte prokládané snímky ve videu s rychlostí 24000/1001 snímků za
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1820 sekundu, budou telecinovány spolu s progresivními snímky. Polovina
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1821 prokládaných "snímků" bude zobrazena po dobu trvání třech snímků
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1822 (3/(60000/1001) sekund), což povede k poskakování. Efekt
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1823 &quot;cukání zpět&quot; vypadá skutečně zle. Pokud se o to přece pokusíte,
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1824 <emphasis role="bold">musíte</emphasis> použít filtr odstraňující proklad,
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1825 jako je <option>lb</option> nebo <option>l5</option>.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1826 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1827
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1828 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1829 Špatnou volbou je to i pro progresivní zobrazovač. Ten zahodí páry po sobě
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1830 jdoucích snímků, což povede k přerušování, které může být více viditelné, než
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1831 při druhé metodě, která zobrazuje některé progresivní snímky dvakrát.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1832 Prokládané video se 30000/1001 snímky za sekundu je totiž poněkud trhané,
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1833 protože by ve skutečnosti mělo být promítáno při 60000/1001 půlsnímcích za
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1834 sekundu, takže zdvojení některých snímků není tak moc vidět.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1835 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1836
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1837 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1838 V každém případě je nejlepší posoudit obsah a způsob, jakým bude zobrazován.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1839 Pokud je vaše video z 90% progresivní a nikdy jej nebudete pouštět na
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1840 televizi, měli byste volit progresivní přístup.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1841 Pokud je progresívní jen z poloviny, pravděpodobně jej bude lepší enkódovat
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1842 jako ba bylo celé prokládané.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1843 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1844 </listitem>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1845
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1846 <listitem><para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1847 Pokládat jej za prokládané. Některé snímky v progresivních částech budou muset
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1848 být duplikovány, což povede k nepravidelnému poskakování. Opět platí, že
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1849 filtry pro odstranění prokladu mohou poněkud degradovat progresivní části.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1850 </para></listitem>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1851
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1852 </itemizedlist>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1853 </sect3>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1854
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1855 </sect2>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1856
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1857 <sect2 id="menc-feat-telecine-footnotes">
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1858 <title>Poznámky pod čarou</title>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1859 <orderedlist>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1860 <listitem><formalpara>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1861 <title>K ořezu:</title>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1862 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1863 Video data na DVD jsou ukládána ve formátu zvaném YUV 4:2:0. V YUV videu jsou,
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1864 jasová (&quot;černobílá&quot;; angl. luma) a barvonosná (angl. chroma) složka
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1865 ukládány odděleně. Protože je lidské oko méně citlivé na změnu barvy, než na
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1866 jas, připadá v YUV 4:2:0 obrázku pouze jeden barvonosný pixel na každé čtyři
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1867 jasové pixely. V progresivním obrázku má každý čtverec 2x2 jasovými pixely
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1868 právě jeden barvonosný pixel. Proto musíte ořezávat progresivní YUV 4:2:0
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1869 na sudé rozměry a používat sudé odsazení (offsety). Například
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1870 <option>crop=716:380:2:26</option> je OK, ale
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1871 <option>crop=716:380:3:26 </option> není.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1872 </para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1873 </formalpara>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1874
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1875 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1876 Když máte co do činění s prokládaným YUV 4:2:0, je situace mnohem
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1877 komplikovanější. Místo každých čtyřech pixelů v <emphasis>rámu</emphasis>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1878 sdílejících barvonosný pixel, každé čtyři jasové pixely v každém
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1879 <emphasis>půlsnímku</emphasis> sdílejí barvonosný pixel. Když jsou půlsnímky
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1880 proloženy do snímku, každá linka má výšku jeden pixel. A nyní místo aby dané
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1881 čtyři pixely tvořily čtverec, jsou první dva vedle sebe a druhé dva jsou vedle
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1882 sebe o dvě linky níž. Dva pixely těsně pod nimi patří do jiného půlsnímku a
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1883 proto sdílí jiný barvonosný pixel se dvěma jasovými pixely o dva řádky níž.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1884 Všechno tohle nás nutí mít svislé rozměry ořezání a odsazení bezezbytku
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1885 dělitelné čtyřmi. Vodorovné stačí mohou zůstat jen sudé.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1886 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1887
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1888 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1889 Pro telecinované video doporučuji, abyste ořezání prováděli až po inverzi
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1890 telecine. Jakmile je video progresivní, stačí řezat jen na sudé rozměry.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1891 Pokud si však přece jen chcete dopřát mírné zrychlení, které může poskytnout
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1892 časný ořez, musíte svisle dodržet násobky čtyřech, jinak nebude mít filtr
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1893 pro inverzi telecine správná data.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1894 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1895
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1896 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1897 Prokládané (nikoli telecinované) video musíte vždy ořezávat svisle násobky
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1898 čtyř, pokud před ořezáním nepoužijete <option>-vf field</option>.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1899 </para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1900 </listitem>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1901
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1902 <listitem><formalpara>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1903 <title>K volbám pro enkódování a kvalitě:</title>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1904 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1905 Jen proto, že doporučuji <option>mbd=2</option> zde neznamená, že by tato
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1906 volba nemohla být použita jinde. V kombinaci s <option>trell</option>, je
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1907 <option>mbd=2</option> jednou ze dvou voleb
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1908 <systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem>u, které nejvíce zvyšují
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1909 kvalitu a vy byste měli vždy použít alespoň tyto dvě, pokud není na škodu
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1910 zpomalení rychlosti enkódování (např. při enkódování v reálném čase).
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1911 Mnoho dalších voleb <systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem>u
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1912 zvyšuje kvalitu enkódování (a snižuje jeho rychlost), ale to je mimo zaměření
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1913 tohoto textu.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1914 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1915 </formalpara>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1916 </listitem>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1917
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1918 <listitem><formalpara>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1919 <title>K výkonu filtru pullup:</title>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1920 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1921 Použití <option>pullup</option> je bezpečné (spolu se <option>softskip
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1922 </option>) ne progresivní video a je to obvykle dobrá volba, pokud nebyl zdroj
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1923 prověřen, že je celý progresivní. Ve většině případů je ztráta výkonu malá.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1924 V ojedinělých případech enkódování způsobí <option>pullup</option>, že je
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1925 <application>MEncoder</application> o 50% pomalejší. Přidání zpracování zvuku
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1926 a pokročilých <option>lavcopts</option> zastíní tento rozdíl tak, že rozdíl
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1927 v rychlosti působený použitím <option>pullup</option> se sníží na 2%.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1928 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1929 </formalpara>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1930 </listitem>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1931
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1932 </orderedlist>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1933
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1934 <!-- Some further explanation, because of homonym problem in interlace and
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1935 interleave translation. If anybody wants it in english, just ask. -->
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1936
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1937 <listitem><formalpara>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1938 <title>K překladu:</title>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1939 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1940 Překlad slov interlace a interleave je velmi obtížný, protože vede k jedinému
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1941 českému ekvivalentu &ndash; prokládání. V prvním případě (interlace) se jedná
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1942 o prokládání obrázku, kdy se z lichých a sudých řádků vytvoří dva půlsnímky,
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1943 což je běžné v TV.
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1944 Prokládání (interleave) je naproti tomu sloučení různého obsahu (zvuk, video)
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1945 do jediného souboru &ndash; kontejneru (např. AVI) tak, že se každá složka
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1946 rozdělí na malé části (tzv. chunky) a ty se pak jeden za druhým ukládají podle
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1947 určitého vzoru. O to se stará muxer (multiplexer). Abychom dostali zpět
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1948 jednotlivé složky, musíme poskládat proházené kousky zase zpět, o což se stará
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1949 demuxer (demultiplexor).
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1950
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1951 </para>
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1952 </formalpara>
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1953 </listitem>
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1954
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1955 </orderedlist>
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1956
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1957 </sect2>
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1958
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1959 </sect1>
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1960
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1961 </chapter>