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annotate DOCS/French/sound.html @ 8740:cd67631ae382

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trivial endianness fix
author colin
date Fri, 03 Jan 2003 14:51:49 +0000
parents 212b54e0d10f
children 8a04c4634236
Ignore whitespace changes - Everywhere: Within whitespace: At end of lines:
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1 <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
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2 <HTML>
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3
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4 <HEAD>
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5 <TITLE>Son - MPlayer - Le lecteur vidéo pour Linux</TITLE>
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6 <LINK REL="stylesheet" TYPE="text/css" HREF="default.css">
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7 <META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
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8 </HEAD>
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9
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10 <BODY>
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11
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12
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13 <H3><A NAME="audio">2.3.2 Périphériques de sortie audio</A></H3>
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14
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15 <H4><A NAME="sync">2.3.2.1 Description de la méthode de synchro A/V de MPlayer</A></H4>
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16
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17 <P>L'interface audio de MPlayer se nomme <I>libao2</I>. Elle possède actuellement
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18 ces drivers :</P>
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19
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20 <TABLE BORDER=0>
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21 <TR><TD COLSPAN=4><P><B>General:</B></P></TD></TR>
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22 <TR><TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TD VALIGN=top>oss</TD><TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TD>pilote OSS (ioctl) (supporte le transfert AC3 matériel)</TD></TR>
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23 <TR><TD></TD><TD VALIGN=top>sdl</TD><TD></TD><TD>pilote SDL (supporte <B>ESD</B>, <B>ARTS</B> etc)</TD></TR>
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24 <TR><TD></TD><TD VALIGN=top>nas</TD><TD></TD><TD>pilote NAS (Network Audio System)</TD></TR>
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25 <TR><TD></TD><TD VALIGN=top>alsa5</TD><TD></TD><TD>pilote natif ALSA 0.5</TD></TR>
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26 <TR><TD></TD><TD VALIGN=top>alsa9</TD><TD></TD><TD>pilote natif ALSA 0.9 (supporte le transfert AC3 matériel)</TD></TR>
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27 <TR><TD></TD><TD VALIGN=top>sun</TD><TD></TD><TD>pilote SUN audio (<CODE>/dev/audio</CODE>) pour les utilisateurs de BSD et de Solaris8</TD></TR>
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28 <TR><TD></TD><TD VALIGN=top>arts</TD><TD></TD><TD>pilote natif ARTS (surtout pour les utilisateurs de KDE)</TD></TR>
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29 </TABLE>
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30
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31 <P>Il faut bien le reconnaître, les pilotes des cartes son ont des problèmes
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32 d'incompatibilité. MPlayer utilise une fonction des pilotes écrits normalement
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33 pour maintenir la synchro audio/vidéo. Malheureusement, certains auteurs de pilote
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34 n'ont que faire de cette fonction: elle n'est pas requise pour lire des MP3s, ou
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35 des effets sonores.</P>
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36
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37 <P>Les autres lecteurs multimédia comme aviplay ou xine fonctionnent probablement
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38 autrement avec ces pilotes parce qu'ils utilisent de "simples" méthodes pour leur
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39 synchro interne. Une note: le temps affiché avec leurs méthodes ne sont pas AUSSI
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40 précis que celui de MPlayer.</P>
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41
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42 <P>Utiliser MPlayer avec un pilote correctement écrit ne vous donnera pas de désynchro
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43 A/V relatives à l'audio, seulement avec les les fichiers très mal créés (voir la
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44 documentation pour les contournements!).</P>
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45
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46 <P>Si vous avez un mauvais pilote audio, essayez l'option <CODE>-autosync</CODE>,
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47 il devrait régler vos problèmes. Voir la page de man pour les informations
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48 détaillées.</P>
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49
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50 <P>Quelques notes:</P>
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51
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52 <UL>
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53 <LI>Si vous avez un pilote OSS, essayez d'abord avec l'option <CODE>-ao oss</CODE>
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54 (utilisé par défaut). Si vous obtenez des scratchs ou une sonorité anormale,
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55 essayez l'option <CODE>-ao sdl</CODE>(NOTE: vous devez bien sûr avoir installé
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56 les librairies SDL et SDL-devel). Elles sont plus efficaces dans de nombreux cas
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57 (elles supportent également ESD, ARTS, et la lecture accélérée/ralentie. ESD est le
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58 le démon son de GNOME, ARTS celui de KDE).</LI>
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59 <LI>Si vous avez ALSA version 0.5, vous devrez presque toujours utiliser l'option
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60 <CODE>-ao alsa5</CODE> , la version 0.5 émulant mal l'OSS, qui <B>plante MPlayer</B>
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61 avec un message du type:<BR>
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62 <CODE>DEMUXER: Too many (945 in 8390980 bytes) video packets in the buffer!</CODE></LI>
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63 </UL>
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64
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65 <P>Sur <B>Solaris</B>, utilisez le pilote audio SUN avec l'option
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66 <CODE>-ao sun</CODE>, sinon ni la vidéo ni le son ne fonctionneront.</P>
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67
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68
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69 <H4><A NAME="experiences">2.3.2.2 Problèmes de cartes son, recommandations</A></H4>
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70
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71 <TABLE BORDER=0 WIDTH="100%">
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72 <TR><TD COLSPAN=3><B>Chipset VIA intégré (via82cxxx) 48kHz uniquement</B></TD></TR>
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73 <TR><TD></TD><TD>Pilote:</TD><TD> depuis <A HREF="http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=3242&amp;release_id=59602">sourceforge.net</A></TD></TR>
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74
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75 <TR><TD COLSPAN=3><B>Aureal Vortex 2</B></TD></TR>
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76 <TR><TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TD>OSS:</TD><TD>pas de pilote</TD></TR>
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77 <TR><TD></TD><TD>OSS/Pro:</TD><TD>OK</TD></TR>
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78 <TR><TD></TD><TD>ALSA:</TD><TD>pas de pilote</TD></TR>
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79 <TR><TD></TD><TD>Max kHz:</TD><TD>48</TD></TR>
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80 <TR><TD></TD><TD>Pilote:</TD><TD><A HREF="http://aureal.sourceforge.net">aureal.sourceforge.net</A></TD></TR>
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81 <TR><TD></TD><TD>Pilote2:</TD><TD> depuis <A HREF="http://makacs.poliod.hu/~pontscho/aureal/au88xx-1.1.3.tar.bz2">Pontscho's page</A><BR>
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82 (<I>tille du buffer augmentée à 32k</I>)</TD></TR>
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83
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84 <TR><TD COLSPAN=3><B>GUS PnP</B></TD></TR>
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85 <TR><TD></TD><TD>OSS:</TD><TD>pas de pilote</TD></TR>
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86 <TR><TD></TD><TD>OSS/Pro:</TD><TD>OK</TD></TR>
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87 <TR><TD></TD><TD>ALSA:</TD><TD>OK</TD></TR>
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88 <TR><TD></TD><TD>Max kHz:</TD><TD>48</TD></TR>
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89
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90 <TR><TD COLSPAN=3><B>SB Live!</B></TD></TR>
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91 <TR><TD></TD><TD>OSS:</TD><TD>Analogique OK, SP/DIF non fonctionnelle</TD></TR>
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92 <TR><TD></TD><TD>ALSA:</TD><TD>Les deux OK</TD></TR>
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93 <TR><TD></TD><TD>Max kHz:</TD><TD>192</TD></TR>
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94
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95 <TR><TD COLSPAN=3><B>SB AWE 64</B></TD></TR>
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96 <TR><TD></TD><TD>OSS:</TD><TD>max 44kHz</TD></TR>
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97 <TR><TD></TD><TD>ALSA:</TD><TD>48kHz son mauvais</TD></TR>
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98 <TR><TD></TD><TD>Max kHz:</TD><TD>48</TD></TR>
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99
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100 <TR><TD COLSPAN=3><B>Gravis UltraSound ACE</B></TD></TR>
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101 <TR><TD></TD><TD>OSS:</TD><TD>pas OK</TD></TR>
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102 <TR><TD></TD><TD>ALSA:</TD><TD>OK</TD></TR>
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103 <TR><TD></TD><TD>Max kHz:</TD><TD>44</TD></TR>
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104
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105 <TR><TD COLSPAN=3><B>Gravis UltraSound MAX</B></TD></TR>
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106 <TR><TD></TD><TD>OSS:</TD><TD>OK</TD></TR>
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107 <TR><TD></TD><TD>ALSA:</TD><TD>OK (?)</TD></TR>
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108 <TR><TD></TD><TD>Max kHz:</TD><TD>48</TD></TR>
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109
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110 <TR><TD COLSPAN=3><B>ESS 688</B></TD></TR>
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111 <TR><TD></TD><TD>OSS:</TD><TD>OK</TD></TR>
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112 <TR><TD></TD><TD>ALSA:</TD><TD>OK (?)</TD></TR>
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113 <TR><TD></TD><TD>Max kHz:</TD><TD>48</TD></TR>
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114
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115 <TR><TD COLSPAN=3><B>Cartes C-Media (lesquelles?)</B></TD></TR>
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116 <TR><TD></TD><TD>OSS:</TD><TD>pas OK (hissing) (?)</TD></TR>
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117 <TR><TD></TD><TD>ALSA:</TD><TD>OK (?)</TD></TR>
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118 <TR><TD></TD><TD>Max kHz:</TD><TD>?</TD></TR>
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119
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120 <TR><TD COLSPAN=3><B>Cartes Yamaha (*ymf*)</B></TD></TR>
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121 <TR><TD></TD><TD>OSS:</TD><TD>pas OK (?) (peut-être <CODE>-ao sdl</CODE>)</TD></TR>
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122 <TR><TD></TD><TD>ALSA:</TD><TD>OK uniquement avec ALSA 0.5 avec émulation OSS <B>ET</B> <CODE>-ao sdl</CODE> (!) (?)</TD></TR>
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123 <TR><TD></TD><TD>Max kHz:</TD><TD>?</TD></TR>
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124
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125 <TR><TD COLSPAN=3><B>Cartes avec chips envy24 (comme la Terratec EWS88MT)</B></TD></TR>
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126 <TR><TD></TD><TD>OSS:</TD><TD>?</TD></TR>
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127 <TR><TD></TD><TD>OSS/Pro:</TD><TD>OK</TD></TR>
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128 <TR><TD></TD><TD>ALSA:</TD><TD>?</TD></TR>
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129 <TR><TD></TD><TD>Max kHz:</TD><TD>?</TD></TR>
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130
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131 <TR><TD COLSPAN=3><B>PC Speaker ou DAC</B></TD></TR>
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132 <TR><TD></TD><TD>OSS:</TD><TD>OK (Utilisez le pilote SDL: <CODE>-ao sdl</CODE>)</TD></TR>
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133 <TR><TD></TD><TD>ALSA:</TD><TD>pas de pilote</TD></TR>
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134 <TR><TD></TD><TD>Max kHz:</TD><TD>Ce pilote émule 44.1, peut-être plus.</TD></TR>
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135 <TR><TD></TD><TD>Pilote:</TD><TD><A HREF="ftp://ftp.infradead.org/pub/pcsp">ftp://ftp.infradead.org/pub/pcsp</A></TD></TR>
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136 </TABLE>
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137
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138 <P>Sous Linux, utilisez le noyau 2.4 si possible, le 2.2 n'a pas été testé.</P>
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139
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140 <P>Si le son émet des cliquements en lisant depuis le CD-ROM, activez l'IRQ unmasking ! par exemple
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141 <CODE>hdparm -u1 /dev/cdrom</CODE> (<CODE>man hdparm</CODE>). C'est généralement bénéfique
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142 et décrit plus en détail dans la <A HREF="cd-dvd.html#drives">section CD-ROM</A>.</P>
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143
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144 <P>Partager votre carte son avec une autre application comme XMMS est <B>fortement
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145 découragé</B>! Si l'autre application sonore utilise ESD, lancez
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146 MPlayer avec l'option <CODE>-vo sdl:esd</CODE> pour combiner les deux
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147 flux sonores. En fait, l'option <CODE>-vo sdl:esd</CODE> aurait pu être
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148 utilisé avec ESD même en utilisant MPlayer seul.</P>
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149
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150 <P>Les retour sur ce document sont les bienvenus.
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151 Merci de nous faire savoir comment MPlayer gère votre carte son.</P>
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152
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153
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154 <H4><A NAME="plugins">2.3.2.3 Plugins Audio</A></H4>
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155
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156 <P>Mplayer supporte les plugins audio. Les plugins audio peuvent être utilisés
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157 pour changer les propriétés des données audio avant que le son n'atteigne la
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158 carte son. Ils sont activés en utilisant l'option <CODE>-aop</CODE> qui
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159 accepte l'argument <CODE>list=plugin1,plugin2,...</CODE>. L'argument
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160 <CODE>list</CODE> est requis et détermine quels plugins devraient être utilisés
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161 et dans quel ordre ils devraient être exécutés. Exemple:</P>
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162
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163 <P>&nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mplayer media.avi -aop list=resample,format</CODE></P>
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164
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165 <P>passerait le son au travers du plugin resampling suivi du plugin format.</P>
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166
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167 <P>Ces plugins on également des options qui changent leur comportement. Ces options
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168 sont expliqués en détail dans les sections ci-dessous. Un plugin s'exécutera avec
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169 des paramètres par défaut si ses options sont omises. Voici un exemple de comment
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170 utiliser les plugins en combinaison avec des options spécifiques au plugin:</P>
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171
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172 <P>&nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mplayer media.avi -aop
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173 list=resample,format:fout=44100:format=0x8</CODE></P>
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174
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175 <P>fixerait la fréquence de sortie du plugin resample à 44100Hz et le format
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176 de sortie du plugin format à AFMT_U8.</P>
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177
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178 <P>Actuellement les plugins audio ne peuvent pas être utilisés dans MEncoder.</P>
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179
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180
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181 <H5><A NAME="resample">2.3.2.3.1 Up/Downsampling</A></H5>
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182
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183 <P>Mplayer supporte pleinement l'up/downsampling du son. Ce plugin peut
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184 être utilisé si vous avez une carte son à fréquence fixe ou que vous
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185 vous battez avec une vieille carte son qui n'est capable que de sampler
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186 à 44.1kHz maxi. Que l'utilisation de ce plugin soit nécessaire ou pas, il
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187 est <B>autodétecté</B>. Ce plugin à une option:
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188 <CODE>fout</CODE> qui peut être utilisé pour fixer la fréquence de sortie désirée.
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189 Elle est par défaut de 48kHz, et est donnée en &lt;Hz&gt;.</P>
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190
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191 <P>Utilisation:<BR>
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192 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mplayer media.avi -aop list=resample:fout=&lt;fréquence requise
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193 en Hz, comme 44100&gt;</CODE></P>
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194
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195 <P>Notez que la fréquence de sortie ne devrait pas être augmentée au dessus de sa
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196 valeur par défaut. Le dépassement provoquera la lecture des flux audio et vidéo
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197 en slow motion assortie d'une distortion audio.</P>
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198
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199
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200 <H5><A NAME="surround_decoding">2.3.2.3.2 Décodage son surround</A></H5>
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201
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202 <P>MPlayer a un plugin audio qui peut décoder le son surround encodé en matrice.
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203 Dolby Surround est un exemple de format encodé en matrice. Beaucoup de fichiers
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204 avec deux canaux audio contiennent actuellement du son surround matricié.
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205 Pour utiliser cette fonction vous avez besoin d'une carte son supportant
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206 au moins 4 canaux.</P>
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207
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208 <P>Utilisation:<BR>
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209 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mplayer media.avi -aop list=surround</CODE></P>
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210
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211
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212 <H5><A NAME="format">2.3.2.3.3 Convertisseur de format de sample</A></H5>
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213
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214 <P>Si votre carte son ne supporte pas le format de données <CODE>int</CODE> 16bit signé,
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215 ce plugin peut être utilisé pour le changer dans un format que votre carte son
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216 comprends. Il a une option, <CODE>format</CODE>, qui peut être initialisée avec les
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217 nombres trouvés dans <CODE>libao2/afmt.h</CODE>. Ce plugin est très rarement utilisé
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218 et est réservée aux utilisateurs avancés. Gardez à l'esprit que ce plugin ne change
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219 que le format de sample et pas sa fréquence ou le nombre de canaux.</P>
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220
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221 <P>Utilisation:<BR>
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222 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mplayer media.avi -aop
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223 list=format:format=&lt;format de sortie requis&gt;</CODE></P>
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224
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225
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226 <H5><A NAME="delay">2.3.2.3.4 Décalage</A></H5>
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227
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228 <P>Ce plugin décale le son est n'est là que comme exemple pour démontrer comment
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229 développer de nouveaux plugins. Il ne peut être utilisé pour rien d'utile d'un
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230 point de vue utilisateur et n'est mentionné ici que pour l'amour de l'exhaustivité.
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231 N'utilisez pas ce plugin à moins que vous soyez un développeur.</P>
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232
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233
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234 <H5><A NAME="volume">2.3.2.3.5 Contrôle de volume logiciel</A></H5>
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235
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236 <P>Ce plugin est un remplacement logiciel pour le contrôleur de volume,
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237 et peut être utilisé sur des machines avec un périphérique mixeur endommagé.
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238 Il peut également être utilisé si on veut changer le volume de sortie de
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239 MPlayer sans changer le volume PCM du mixeur. Il a une option <CODE>volume</CODE>
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240 qui est utilisée en fixant une valeur entre 0 et 255, 101 étant la valeur par
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241 défaut qui équivaut à une amplification de 0dB. Utilisez ce plugin avec précaution
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242 car il peut réduire le signal jusqu'au bruit. Dans la plupart des cas il vaut mieux
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243 régler le volume PCM au maximum, laisser ce plugin, et contrôler le niveau de sortie
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244 sur vos haut-parleurs avec le bouton principal du mixeur. Si il y a un ampli
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245 externe connecté à votre ordinateur (c'est la plupart du temps le cas), le niveau
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246 de bruit peut être minimisé en ajustant le niveau principal et la molette du volume
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247 de l'ampli jusqu'a ce que le bruit résiduel soit parti.</P>
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248
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249 <P>Utilisation:<BR>
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250 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mplayer media.avi -aop
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251 list=volume:volume=&lt;0-255&gt;</CODE></P>
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252
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253 <P>Ce plugin a également des capacités de compression ou "soft-clipping".
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254 La compression peut être utilisé si si la dynamique du son est très élevée
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255 ou si la dynamique de vos haut-parleurs est très basse. Soyez contient que cette
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256 fonction crée des distortions et ne devrait être envisagée qu'en dernier ressort.</P>
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257
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258 <P>Utilisation:<BR>
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259 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mplayer media.avi -aop
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260 list=volume:softclip</CODE></P>
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261
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262
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263 <H5><A NAME="extrastereo">2.3.2.3.6 Extrastereo</A></H5>
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264
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265 <P>Ce plugin augmente (linéairement) la différence entre les canaux gauche et
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266 droit (comme le plugin extrastereo de XMMS) qui donne une sorte d'effet "live"
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267 à la lecture.</P>
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268
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269 <P>Utilisation:<BR>
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270 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mplayer media.avi -aop list=extrastereo</CODE><BR>
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271 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mplayer media.avi -aop list=extrastereo:mul=3.45</CODE></P>
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272
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273 <P>Le coefficient par défaut (<CODE>mul</CODE>) est un nombre à virgule initialisé
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274 à 2.5. Si vous l'initialisez à 0.0, vous aurez un son mono (moyenne des deux
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275 canaux). Si vous l'initialisez à 1.0, le son sera inchangé, si vous l'initialisez à
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276 -1.0, les canaux gauche et droit seront inversés.</P>
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277
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278
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279 <H5><A NAME="normalizer">2.3.2.3.7 Volume normalizer</A></H5>
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280
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281 <P>Ce plugin maximise le volume sans distordre le son.</P>
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282
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283 <P>Utilisation:<BR>
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284 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mplayer media.avi -aop list=volnorm</CODE><BR>
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285
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286
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287 </BODY>
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288 </HTML>