annotate DOCS/xml/cs/cd-dvd.xml @ 27157:e2797c291ba9

Put common dependencies of mp3lib/test + mp3lib/test2 on a common line.
author diego
date Fri, 04 Jul 2008 13:42:19 +0000
parents c81e83794b0e
children
Ignore whitespace changes - Everywhere: Within whitespace: At end of lines:
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1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
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2 <!-- synced with r24346 -->
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3 <chapter id="cd-dvd">
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4 <title>Použití CD/DVD</title>
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5
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6 <sect1 id="drives">
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7 <title>CD/DVD mechaniky</title>
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8
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9 <para>
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10 Moderní CD-ROM mechaniky dosahují velmi vysokých otáček a některé z nich
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11 mohou pracovat i se sníženými otáčkami. Existuje několik důvodů, pro
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12 které byste mohli chtít změnit rychlost CD-ROM mechaniky:
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13 </para>
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14
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15 <itemizedlist>
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16 <listitem><para>
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17 Byly zprávy o chybách čtení při vysokých rychlostech, zvláště u špatně
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18 vylisovaných CD-ROMů. Z těchto důvodů může snížení rychlosti působit
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19 jako prevence ztráty dat.
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20 </para></listitem>
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21
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22 <listitem><para>
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23 Mnoho CD-ROM mechanik je nechutně hlučných, nižší rychlost může omezit
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24 tento hluk.
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25 </para></listitem>
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26 </itemizedlist>
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27
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28 <!-- ********** -->
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29
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30 <sect2 id="drives_linux">
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31 <title>Linux</title>
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32
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33 <para>
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34 Můžete snížit rychlost IDE CD-ROM mechanik pomocí <command>hdparm</command>,
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35 <command>setcd</command> nebo <command>cdctl</command>. Pracuje to asi takto:
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36 <screen>hdparm -E <replaceable>[rychlost]</replaceable> <replaceable>[mechanika cdrom]</replaceable></screen>
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37 <screen>setcd -x <replaceable>[rychlost]</replaceable> <replaceable>[mechanika cdrom]</replaceable></screen>
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38 <screen>cdctl -bS <replaceable>[rychlost]</replaceable></screen>
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39 </para>
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40
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41 <para>
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42 Pokud používáte SCSI emulaci, budete muset předat tato nastavení do skutečného
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43 IDE zařízení, nikoli emulovaného SCSI zařízení.
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44 </para>
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45
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46 <para>
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47 Pokud máte práva root-a, následující příkaz vám rovněž může pomoci:
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48 <screen>echo file_readahead:2000000 &gt; /proc/ide/<replaceable>[mechanika cdrom]</replaceable>/settings</screen>
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49 </para>
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50
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51 <para>
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52 To nastaví čtení napřed na 2MB, což pomůže při poškrábaných médiích.
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53 Pokud ji však nastavíte příliš vysoko, bude mechanika stále zrychlovat a
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54 zpomalovat, což výrazně sníží její výkon.
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55 Doporučujeme vám rovněž vyladit vaši CD-ROM mechaniku pomocí <command>hdparm</command>:
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56 <screen>hdparm -d1 -a8 -u1 <replaceable>[cdrom zařízení]</replaceable></screen>
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57 </para>
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58
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59 <para>
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60 To zapne DMA přístup, čtení napřed a odmaskování IRQ (přečtěte si man stránku
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61 programu <command>hdparm</command> pro podrobné vysvětlení).
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62 </para>
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63
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64 <para>
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65 Prostudujte si
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66 „<filename>/proc/ide/<replaceable>(cdrom zařízení)</replaceable>/settings</filename>“
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67 pro jemné doladění vaší CD-ROM.
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68 </para>
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69
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70 <para>
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71 SCSI mechaniky nemají jednotný způsob pro nastavení těchto parametrů
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72 (Znáte nějaký? Řekněte nám jej!). Existuje nástroj, který pracuje se
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73 <ulink url="http://das.ist.org/~georg/">SCSI mechanikami Plextor</ulink>.
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74 </para>
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75 </sect2>
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76
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77 <!-- ********** -->
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78
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79 <sect2 id="drives_freebsd">
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80 <title>FreeBSD</title>
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81
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82 <para>rychlost:
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83 <screen>
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84 cdcontrol [-f <replaceable>zařízení</replaceable>] speed <replaceable>[rychlost]</replaceable>
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85 </screen>
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86 </para>
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87
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88 <para>DMA:
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89 <screen>
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90 sysctl hw.ata.atapi_dma=1
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91 </screen>
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92 </para>
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93
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94 </sect2>
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95
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96 </sect1>
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97
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98
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99 <!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -->
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100
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101
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102 <sect1 id="dvd">
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103 <title>Přehrávání DVD</title>
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104
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105 <para>
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106 Úplný seznam dostupných voleb naleznete v man stránce.
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107 Syntaxe pro přehrání standardního DVD je následující:
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108 <screen>
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109 mplayer dvd://<replaceable>&lt;track&gt;</replaceable> [-dvd-device <replaceable>&lt;DVD_zařízení&gt;</replaceable>]
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110 </screen>
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111 </para>
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112
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113 <para>
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114 Příklad:
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115 <screen>mplayer dvd://1 -dvd-device /dev/hdc</screen>
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116 </para>
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117
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118 <para>
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119 Pokud jste kompilovali <application>MPlayer</application> s podporou dvdnav,
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120 je syntaxe stejná až na to, že musíte používat dvdnav:// místo dvd://.
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121 </para>
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122
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123 <para>
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124 Výchozím DVD zařízením je <filename>/dev/dvd</filename>. Pokud se vaše nastavení
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125 liší, vytvořte symlink, nebo uveďte správné zařízení na příkazovém řádku
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126 pomocí volby <option>-dvd-device</option>.
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127 </para>
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128
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129 <para>
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130 <application>MPlayer</application> používá <systemitem>libdvdread</systemitem> a
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131 <systemitem>libdvdcss</systemitem> pro přehrávání a dekódování DVD. Tyto dvě
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132 knihovny jsou obsaženy ve zdrojových kódech
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133 <application>MPlayer</application>u, nemusíte je tedy instalovat zvlášť.
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134 Můžete rovněž použít systémové verze těchto knihoven, ale toto řešení
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135 nedoporučujeme, protože může vést k chybám,
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136 nekompatibilitě knihovny a nižší rychlosti.
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137 </para>
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138
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139 <note><para>
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140 V případě problémů s dekódováním DVD, zkuste vypnout supermount a podobná udělátka.
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141 Některé RPC-2 mechaniky mohou rovněž vyžadovat nastavení region kódu.
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142 </para></note>
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143
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144 <formalpara>
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145 <title>Dekódování DVD</title>
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146 <para>
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147 Dekódování DVD provádí <systemitem>libdvdcss</systemitem>. Metodu
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148 můžete zvolit pomocí proměnné prostředí <envar>DVDCSS_METHOD</envar>,
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149 detaIly viz manuálová stránka.
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150 </para>
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151 </formalpara>
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152
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153 <sect2 id="region_code">
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154 <title>Kód regionu</title>
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155 <para>
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156 DVD mechaniky v současnosti přicházejí s nesmyslným omezením nazvaným
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157 <ulink url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DVD_region_code">kód regionu</ulink>.
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158 To je způsob jak přinutit DVD mechaniku akceptovat pouze DVD vyrobené pro
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159 jeden ze šesti různých regionů na které byl rozdělen svět. Jak si může skupina lidí
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160 zasednout ke kulatému stolu, přijít s takovým nápadem a čekat, že se svět
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161 21. století skloní před jejich vůlí je naprosto nepochopitelné
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162 </para>
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163
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164 <para>
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165 Mechaniky, které vynucují nastavení regionu poze softwarově jsou známy také jako
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166 RPC-1 a ty, které to dělají v hardware jako RPC-2. Mechaniky RPC-2 umožňují změnu
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167 kódu regionu pětkrát a pak zůstane pevný.
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168 V Linuxu můžete použít nástroj
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169 <ulink url="http://linvdr.org/projects/regionset/">regionset</ulink>
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170 pro nastavení kódu regionu vaší DVD mechaniky.
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171 </para>
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172
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173 <para>
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174 Naštěstí je možné konvertovat RPC-2 mechaniky na RPC-1 pomocí
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175 upgrade firmware. Vyplňte modelové číslo vaší DVD mechaniky do svého oblíbeného
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176 vyhledávače, nebo se podívejte do fóra a sekce download
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177 <ulink url="http://www.rpc1.org/">„Firmware stránek“</ulink>.
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178 Ačkoli platí obvyklé „kazy“ upgradů fimware, zkušenosti se zbavením se
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179 vynucování region kódů jsou obecně kladné.
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180 </para>
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181 </sect2>
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182
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183 </sect1>
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184
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185
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186 <!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -->
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187
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188
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189 <sect1 id="vcd">
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190 <title>Přehrávání VCD</title>
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191 <para>
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192 Úplný seznam dostupných voleb naleznete v man stránce. Syntaxe pro standardní
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193 Video CD (VCD) je následující:
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194 <screen>mplayer vcd://<replaceable>&lt;stopa&gt;</replaceable> [-cdrom-device <replaceable>&lt;zařízení&gt;</replaceable>]</screen>
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195 Příklad:
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196 <screen>mplayer vcd://2 -cdrom-device /dev/hdc</screen>
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197 Výchozím VCD zařízením je <filename>/dev/cdrom</filename>. Pokud se vaše nastavení
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198 liší, vytvořte symlink nebo uveďte správné zařízení na příkazovém řádku pomocí volby
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199 <option>-cdrom-device</option>.
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200 </para>
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201
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202 <note><para>
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203 Minimálně SCSI CD-ROM mechaniky Plextor a Toshiba vykazují mizerný výkon
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204 při čtení VCD. To proto, že CDROMREADRAW <systemitem>ioctl</systemitem>
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205 není pro tyto mechaniky plně implementováno. Pokud máte zkušenosti se
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206 SCSI programováním, prosíme
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207 <ulink url="../../tech/patches.txt">pomozte nám</ulink>
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208 implementovat obecnou SCSI podporu pro VCD.
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209 </para></note>
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210
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211 <para>
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212 Mezitím můžete extrahovat data z VCD pomocí
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213 <ulink url="http://ftp.ntut.edu.tw/ftp/OS/Linux/packages/X/viewers/readvcd/">readvcd</ulink>
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214 a výsledný soubor přehrát v <application>MPlayer</application>u.
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215 </para>
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216
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217 <formalpara>
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218 <title>Struktura VCD</title>
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219 <para>
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220 Video CD (VCD) je tvořeno CD-ROM XA sektory, čili stopy CD-ROM mode 2
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221 třída 1 a 2:
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222 <itemizedlist>
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223 <listitem><para>
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224 První stopa je ve formátu mode 2 třída 2 což znamená, že používá L2
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225 korekci chyb. Stopa obsahuje souborový systém ISO-9660 s 2048
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226 bajty/sektor. Tento souborový systém obsahuje VCD metadata informace,
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227 spolu se statickými snímky často používanými v menu. MPEG segmenty menu
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228 mohou být rovněž uloženy v této první stopě, ale tyto MPEGy musí být
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229 rozsekány na série 150 sektorových chunků. Souborový systém ISO-9660
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230 může obsahovat další soubory, které nejsou potřeba pro operace
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231 s VCD.
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232 </para></listitem>
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233
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234 <listitem><para>
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235 Druhá a ostatní stopy jsou všeobecně surovými MPEG (film) stopami
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236 s 2324 bajty/sektor, obsahující jeden MPEG PS datový paket na
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237 sektor. Ty jsou v mode 2 třída 1 formátu, takže obsahují více dat
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238 v každém sektoru za cenu omezení korekce chyb. Je rovněž možné mít
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239 CD-DA stopy na VCD za první stopou.
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240 V některých operačních systémech jsou triky, které umožňují zpřístupnit
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241 tyto ne-ISO-9660 stopy v systému souborů. V dalších operačních
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242 systémech jako GNU/Linux to není možné (zatím). Zde MPEG data
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243 <emphasis role="bold">nemohou být připojena</emphasis>. Protože většina
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244 filmů je uložena uvnitř tohoto druhu stopy, měli byste nejprve zkusit
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245 <option>vcd://2</option>.
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246 </para></listitem>
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247
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248 <listitem><para>
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249 Existují také VCD disky bez první stopy (jediná stopa bez systému souborů).
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250 Můžete je přehrát, ale nemohou být namountovány.
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251 </para></listitem>
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252
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253 <listitem><para>
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254 Definice standardu Video CD se nazývá
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255 Philips „White Book“ a není obecně přístupná online, ale musí být zakoupena
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256 od Philipsu. Podrobnější informace o Video CD můžete nalézt
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257 <ulink url="http://www.vcdimager.org/pub/vcdimager/manuals/0.7/vcdimager.html#SEC4">v dokumentaci programu vcdimager</ulink>.
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258 </para></listitem>
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259 </itemizedlist>
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260 </para>
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261 </formalpara>
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262
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263 <formalpara>
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264 <title>Pár slov o .DAT souborech</title>
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265 <para>
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266 Soubor veliký ~600 MB viditelný v první stopě připojeného VCD není
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267 skutečným souborem! Je to takzvaná ISO gateway, vytvořená proto,
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268 aby mohl Windows přistupovat k těmto stopám (Windows vůbec neumožňuje
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269 aplikacím surový přístup k zařízení).
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270 Pod Linuxem nemůžete kopírovat nebo přehrávat tyto soubory
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271 (obsahují jen nesmysly). Pod Windows je to možné, protože jeho iso9660
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272 ovladač emuluje surový přístup ke stopě v tomto souboru. Abyste mohli
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273 přehrát .DAT soubor, potřebujete ovladač kernelu který můžete nalézt
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274 v Linuxové verzi PowerDVD. Obsahuje upravený ovladač systému souborů
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275 iso9660 (<filename>vcdfs/isofs-2.4.X.o</filename>), který umí emulovat
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276 surové stopy přes tento stínový .DAT soubor. Pokud připojíte disk
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277 s pomocí jejich ovladače, můžete kopírovat či dokonce přehrávat .DAT
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278 soubory <application>MPlayer</application>em. Ale nebude to fungovat
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279 se standardním iso9660 ovladačem z Linuxového kernelu! Místo toho
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280 použijte <option>vcd://</option>. Alternativou kopírování VCD je
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281 nový jaderný ovladač jménem
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282 <ulink url="http://www.elis.rug.ac.be/~ronsse/cdfs/">cdfs</ulink>
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283 (není součástí oficiálního jádra), který zobrazuje CD sekce jako
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284 obrazové soubory a program
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285 <ulink url="http://cdrdao.sf.net/">cdrdao</ulink>, který bit-po-bitu
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286 grabuje/kopíruje CD.
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287 </para>
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288 </formalpara>
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289 </sect1>
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290 </chapter>