annotate DOCS/xml/fr/tvinput.xml @ 17202:ecf72a1310e5

Fixes by Bounec
author gpoirier
date Sat, 17 Dec 2005 14:05:40 +0000
parents 18d17af87370
children 58ace5bcf0ec
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1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
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2 <!-- synced with 1.14 -->
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3 <sect1 id="tv-input" xreflabel="TV input">
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4 <title>Entrée TV</title>
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5
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6 <para>
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7 Cette section concerne l'activation de la <emphasis role="bold">lecture/enregistrement
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8 à partir d'un tuner TV compatible V4L.</emphasis>. Voir la page de man pour une
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9 description des options TV et des contrôles clavier.
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10
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11 </para>
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12
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13
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14 <sect2 id="tv-compilation">
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15 <title>Compilation</title>
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16
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17 <procedure>
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18 <step><para>
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19 D'abord, vous devez recompiler. <filename>./configure</filename> autodétectera
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20 les entêtes v4l du noyau et l'existence des entrées
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21 <filename>/dev/video*</filename>. Si elles existent, le support TV sera activé
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22 (voir le résultat de <filename>./configure</filename>).
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23 </para></step>
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24 <step><para>
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25 Assurez-vous que votre tuner fonctionne avec d'autres logiciels TV pour Linux.
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26 par exemple <application>XawTV</application>.
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27 </para></step>
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28 </procedure>
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29 </sect2>
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30
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31 <sect2 id="tv-tips">
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32 <title>Astuces d'utilisation</title>
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33 <para>
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34 La liste complète des options est disponible sur la page de man. Voci juste
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35 quelques astuces:
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36 </para>
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37 <itemizedlist>
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38 <listitem>
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39 <para>
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40 Utilisez l'option <option>channels</option>. Un exemple:
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41 <screen>-tv channels=26-MTV1,23-TV2</screen>
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42 Explication: en utilisant cette option, seuls les canaux 26 et 23 seront
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43 utilisables, et il y a un joli texte OSD lors des changements de canal
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44 affichant le nom du nouveau.
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45 Les espaces dans le nom du canal doivent être remplacés par le caractère
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46 "_";.
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47 </para>
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48 </listitem>
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49
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50 <listitem>
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51 <para>
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52 Choisissez des dimensions d'images sensées. Les dimensions de l'image de
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53 destination devraient être divisible par 16.
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54 </para>
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55 </listitem>
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56
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57 <listitem>
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58 <para>
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59 Si vous capturez la vidéo avec une résolution verticale supérieure à la
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60 moitié de la pleine résolution (c-a-d. 288 pour PAL ou 240 pour NTSC,
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61 assurez-vous d'avoir désactivé l'entrelacement.
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62 Sinon votre film sera distordu pendant les scènes fast-motion et le
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63 contrôleur de bitrate ne sera probablement même pas capable de garder
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64 le bitrate demandé car l'artefact de désentrelacement produit un grand
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65 taux de détails et donc consomme plus de bande passante.
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66 Vous pouvez désactiver l'entrelacement avec
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67 <option>-vf pp=DEINT_TYPE</option>.
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68 Généralement <option>pp=lb</option> peut faire du bon travail, mais
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69 c'est une histoire de préférence personnelle.
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70 Voyez les autres algorithmes de désentrelacement dans le manuel et
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71 essayez-les.
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72 </para>
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73 </listitem>
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74
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75 <listitem>
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76 <para>
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77 Coupez les espaces morts. Quand vous capturez la vidéo, les bords sont
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78 généralement noirs ou contiennent du "bruit".
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79 De nouveau cela consomme de la bande passante inutilement.
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80 Plus précisément ce ne sont pas les zones noires elles-mêmes mais les
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81 transitions nettes entre le noir et la vidéo plus claire qui jouent, mais
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82 ce n'est pas très important pour le moment.
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83 Avant que vous commenciez la capture, ajustez les arguments de l'option
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84 <option>crop</option> pour que toutes les saletés des bords soient coupées.
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85 De nouveau, n'oubliez pas de garder des dimensions sensées.
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86 </para>
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87 </listitem>
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88
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89 <listitem>
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90 <para>
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91 Regardez la charge CPU.
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92 Elle ne devrait pas dépasser la limite des 90% la plupart du temps.
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93 Si vous avez un gros tampon, <application>MEncoder</application> peut
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94 survivre à une surcharge pendant quelques secondes mais pas plus.
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95 Il vaut mieux désactiver l'économiseur d'écran OpenGL et les trucs
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96 similaires.
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97 </para>
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98 </listitem>
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99
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100 <listitem>
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101 <para>
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102 Ne jouez pas avec l'horloge système. <application>MEncoder</application>
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103 l'utilise pour la synchro A/V.
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104 Si vous réglez l'horloge système (surtout en arrière dans le temps),
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105 <application>MEncoder</application> va se sentir perdu et va perdre des
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106 trames.
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107 C'est un problème important lorsque vous êtes en réseau et que vous utilisez
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108 certains logiciels de synchronisation comme NTP.
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109 Vous devrez désactiver NTP pendant le processus de capture si vous voulez
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110 capturer correctement.
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111 </para>
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112 </listitem>
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113
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114 <listitem>
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115 <para>
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116 Ne changez pas le <option>outfmt</option> à moins que vous sachiez ce que
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117 vous faites ou votre si votre carte/pilote ne supporte pas la valeur par
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118 défaut (palette YV12).
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119 Dans les versions précédentes de <application>MPlayer</application>/
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120 <application>MEncoder</application> il était nécessaire de spécifier le
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121 format de sortie.
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122 Ce problème devrait être résolu dans la version actuelle et
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123 <option>outfmt</option> n'est plus requis, et la valeur par défaut convient
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124 dans la plupart des cas.
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125 Par exemple, si vous capturez en DivX en utilisant
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126 <systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem> et que vous spécifiez
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127 <option>outfmt=RGB24</option> de façon à augmenter la qualité de l'image
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128 capturée, l'image capturée sera reconvertie plus tard en YV12; donc la
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129 seule chose que vous obtiendrez est un gaspillage massif de puissance CPU.
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130 </para>
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131 </listitem>
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132
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133 <listitem>
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134 <para>
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135 Pour spécifier la palette I420 (<option>outfmt=i420</option>), vous devez
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136 ajouter une option <option>-vc rawi420</option> à cause d'un conflit de
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137 fourcc avec un codec vidéo Intel Indeo.
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138 </para>
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139 </listitem>
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140
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141 <listitem>
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142 <para>
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143 Il y a plusieurs façons de capturer l'audio.
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144 Vous pouvez attraper le son soit avec votre carte son via un cable externe
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145 entre la carte vidéo et l'entrée ligne, soit en utilisant le DAC intégré
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146 au chip bt878.
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147 Dans ce dernier cas, vous devrez charger le pilote
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148 <emphasis role="bold">btaudio</emphasis>.
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149 Lisez le fichier <filename>linux/Documentation/sound/btaudio</filename>
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150 (dans l'arborescence du noyau, pas celle de <application>MPlayer</application>)
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151 pour les instructions d'utilisations de ce pilote.
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152 </para>
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153 </listitem>
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154
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155 <listitem>
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156 <para>
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157 Si <application>MEncoder</application> ne peut pas ouvrir le périphérique
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158 audio, assurez-vous qu'il soit réellement disponible.
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159 Il peut y avoir des ennuis avec certains serveurs de son comme aRts (KDE)
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160 ou ESD (GNOME).
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161 Si vous avez une carte son full duplex (presque toutes les cartes décentes
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162 le supportent aujourd'hui), et que vous utilisez KDE, essayez d'activer
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163 l'option "full duplex" dans le menu des préférences du serveur de son.
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164 </para>
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165 </listitem>
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166 </itemizedlist>
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167 </sect2>
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168
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169
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170 <sect2 id="tv-examples">
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171 <title>Exemples</title>
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172
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173 <informalexample>
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174 <para>
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175 Sortie muette, vers AAlib :)
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176 <screen>
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177 mplayer -tv driver=dummy:width=640:height=480 -vo aa tv://<!--
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178 --></screen>
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179 </para>
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180 </informalexample>
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181
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182 <informalexample>
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183 <para>
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184 Entrée depuis V4L standard:
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185 <screen>
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186 mplayer -tv driver=v4l:width=640:height=480:outfmt=i420 -vc rawi420 -vo xv tv://<!--
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187 --></screen>
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188 </para>
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189 </informalexample>
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190
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191 <informalexample>
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192 <para>
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193 Un exemple plus élaboré.
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194 Ici <application>MEncoder</application> capture l'image PAL entière, coupe
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195 les marges, et désentrelace l'image en utilisant un algorithme de mélange
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196 linéaire.
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197 L'audio est compressée à un débit constant de 64kbps, en utilisant le codec
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198 LAME.
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199 Cette combinaison est adaptée pour capturer des films.
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200 <screen>
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201 mencoder -tv driver=v4l:width=768:height=576 \
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202 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vbitrate=900 \
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203 -oac mp3lame -lameopts cbr:br=64 \
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204 -vf crop=720:544:24:16,pp=lb -o <replaceable>sortie.avi</replaceable> tv://
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205 </screen>
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206 </para>
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207 </informalexample>
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208
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209 <informalexample>
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210 <para>
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211 Cela dimensionne également l'image en 384x288 et compresse la vidéo avec
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212 un débit de 350kbps en mode haute qualité.
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213 L'option vqmax perd le quantizer et permet au compresseur vidéo d'atteindre
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214 un débit plus bas au détriment de la qualité.
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215 Cela peut être utilisé pour capturer des longues séries TV, quand la qualité
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216 n'est pas très importante.
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217 <screen>
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218 mencoder -tv driver=v4l:width=768:height=576 \
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219 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vbitrate=350:vhq:vqmax=31:keyint=300 \
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220 -oac mp3lame -lameopts cbr:br=48 \
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221 -vf crop=720:540:24:18,pp=lb,scale=384:288 -sws 1 -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable> tv://
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222 </screen>
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223 Il est également possible de spécifier des dimensions d'images plus petites
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224 dans l'option <option>-tv</option> et d'omettre le zoom logiciel mais cette
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225 approche utilise le maximum d'informations disponibles et, est un peu plus
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226 résistant au bruit.
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227 Les chipsets bt8x8 peuvent faire une moyenne de pixels uniquement dans la
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228 direction horizontale à cause d'une limitation matérielle.
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229 </para>
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230 </informalexample>
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231 </sect2>
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232 </sect1>